The Sun. — London, England, 1842-08-18 00:00:00

ALARMING STATE OF TBE COUNTRY. LATEST PARTICULARS. CHARTIST MOVEMEISTS IN LIVERPOOL The demonstrations of the Chartists'in this town have never been of a -nature to excite much anxiety or alarm. It is believed that we have but few Chartists amongst us, and some little show of activity that few. have deemed it necessary to make. On Monday afternoon a placard, which had a more im mediate reference to Liverpool was posted on the walls in every part of the town. It was headed " Chartism," and called upon the people of that body to assemble at the room at the bottom of Preston-street on the following day, for the purpose of choosing a Delegate to the National Conference to be held in Manchester on the 18th and-19th inst. Instructions were issued to Mr. \\ hitty, the head-constable, to have several officers and men stationed contiguous to the scene of action, to watch the proceedings, and suppress any appearance of tumult. At twelve o'clock the room, which will hold some 150 people, was filled with individuals of very mean, not to say dirty exterior. The speeches consisted of the umal'Chartist staples, abuse of both WThigs and Tories, A griculturists and manufacturets, and lauda tions of the Charter, as the only remedy for the people's sufferings, and nothing further.came of it.— Liverpool Courier. MANCiIEST.SR.—TUESDAY. ADJOURNED MEETIgcr OF DELEGATES. (Abridged from the Manciteuter Guardian.) At half-past ten o'clock this morning, the Dele gates assembled at. the Hall of Science, Alexander Hutchinson itt the Chair. The Secretary having called over the.names of the Delegates, the Chairman openedtheTroceedings by reading an address, which had been ,a,g,reed.to and published by the Committee. The address appeared in yesterday afternoons Sun. The Cl*irms,n hoped the meeting would conduct their proOedings in, a calm and dispassionate manner. From 'lathe had learned since the Delegates sepa rated the previous evening, he was convinced of the necessity, on, the part of the meeting, speedily to-ex press its determination. - He hoped that they would do so with calmness and consideration. lie begged of them Trot to recommend any thing rash under the excitement of. the moment. The working men did not appear to be - so enthusiastic as at the commence ment of the movement; but they seemed to act more from resection. The Dissenting clergymen had held a meeting, and it was considered advisable to appoint a deputation to wait upon them, and solicit their co operation in the struggle that was now being made for the rights of the people.—Benjamin_Stott moved a resolution strongly recommending to trades' socie ties to make political discussions '.?awful and necessary in their assemblies. It 'Wits of vast importance that the minds of the I'cork ing people should be enlightened as to their politicit rights.—Heginbottorn seconded the motion.—Mor risson, from Petricroft, opposed John Saxon, a shopkeeper, who, along with some other spectators, was admitted to the gallery, was permitted to say that he. \VMS no • speeial constable, that he had been re queßtM to become. one, bUt had . rettised ; that a largapnrtion of the shopkeepers were Special consta blo,-ancr not to be trusted ; had that he was-no hypo, erne-he'was heart and soul with the trades in • the prednst mOvemetit. Not allowed,.lo proceed`' furtilt;i , he withdrew • 'hunt Stuart,.,. tivi;secresary, said it WatiTiialta : y niotion,.-and it was withdrawn .-L—William Duffy denied, on- the part of th 6 meeting, an ,imputation contained in a placard is sued that morning, and signed " A Citizen," stating that they were the tools of a party, and were making a trade of agitation, and moved a resolution to that effect. Several - Delegates addressed the meeting in sup poit of this resolution.—William Robinson then moved- 7 • " That this meeting do not agree with the present resolution, until we have had a conference with the middle classes.", 'Melrose seconded the amendment.—Bernard M`Cart ney- thought it was due to the character of the work ingela.sses to put forward, as early as possible, contra dictions to the calumnious representations that had been posted on the walls of the town. He hoped the resolution would be at once adopted, and forthwith printed and circulated . — Frederick Taylor, from Roy ton, advised the Delegates to make a determined stand for the obtainment of their just rights, and hoped the time of the meeting would not be wasted by the con sideration of questions which could effect, nothing. Several other Delegates expressed the same opinion, and recommended the withdrawal of a resolution, which was only the beginning• of a paper war with the authorities, and the substitution of something in its stead. The resolution was then withdrawn. Wil liam Stott then proposed the following resolution " That, from the statements made before this dele gate meting, it is evident that a tremendous majority in . 01ese great manufacturing districts are in favour of tliz: People's Charter becoming the law of the land ; and, in conformity with that opinion, it is at this stage of the proecedings necessary that a definitive decision should be come to relative :to the future course of action to be immediately adopted by the working classes, Stating, definitely whether labour be further suspended, or again resumed." This motion was seconded and agreed to. Joseph Melrose then moved— " That the Delegates here assembled recommend their respective constituencies to adopt all legal means to carry into, effect the People's Charter, and that they send del l / 4 ates to every part of the United Kingdom, to endeaVour to get the co-operation of the middle and labouring classes to carry out the same, and that they stop work until it becomes the law of the land." Frederick Taylor, from Royton, seconded the motion. Smith, a representative of the engravers of Manchester, moved as an amendment— . " That this meeting recommend the people to resume their employment forthwith." . He thought it was a complete folly for one part of the community to cease working, while others did not do so, and those who had ceased working were doing neither good nor harm.—David Morrison, from Patricroft, said, the Mark Lane Express, which had just arrived in town, stated that there was a falling in the public funds. The people of London manifested - great sympathy with the working classes engaged in the present movement. When the mili tary were leaving London, the people were so clamo rous, that the band was ordered to strike up, in order to drown the noise of - the populace. He re commended the working classes to imitate the an cient RoMaris, who retired to a hill, and refused to return to their labour until their political rights were conceded to them.--•--Charles Stuart, the Secre tary, siated that many of the proprietors of mills were favourable to the movement, and willing to subscribe to support those engaged in it, provided_ they 'rooked for their political rights. • He did, not appi.oVe of confining the agitation to the question of an advance of wages.—Jenkinson, from Lees, stated. that the body he represented were wil ling to . .cease from labour until the wages were ad vanced; but, if the agitation were employed for po litical objects, - they were determined to return to their . w(,rl-a—A , Delegate stated, that if they once ..;recd to go- , for the Charter, though he could not sa.:, - fr . ( an what source they might derive assistance, he way confident' they would be well supported.— Robert Gardner, representative of the engravers and printerg- of Manchester, denounced as foolish and in sane the recommendation to the working classes not to reti,2 n to their labour till they obtained the Charter-, Ile was a Chartist to the back-bone ; but he thought the people could not maintain themselves for a pete.lod sufficiently long to enable them to ob. taro the Charter. He believed that our commercial restricts xns were not only the cause of the prevailing distress, but also the great hindrance to the obtain ment or, the Charter ; and concluded by moving an amendm eat to that effect, which was seconded by Neild, it hatter. Candelet, from Hyde, said, there wm3 plenty of provisions for them on the hills—plirrity of good crops, with which they might supply tiavir wants ; and he therefore implored the delegate:3 to resolve upon holding out until they ob tained tl me Charter. There were plenty of persons who did no vi , ork, and yet they lived in affluence. There were pl entty of provisions in the country, and no cause to r fear in that respect.-- 7 Fielden, from Lees, said, the i -resources-of the people were insufficient to enabla Its em to abstain from labour, until they ob tained tlii Charter.—A Delegate inquired, how could supplies i ,e obtained during the turn-out consistently with " f 'ease, . law, :and order?" To be sure, they were toll to go to the hills and find provisions ; but the mat, . who had reared those vegetable productions had a fi: s t. and inalienable right to thern.—(Hear.) The Yb li rman interrupted the speaker to inform the meei-i, ! that a letter had been received from Mr. Willisczt 111, a shopkeeper, who had addressed the I I elegateS i win 'Friday last. Mr. Hutchinson then read the folle , ikir , g - communication to the meeting : " Sk".:—T.,beg to state that, at a meeting of the Dis senting plinisters yesterday, .nothing conclusive was cone to WI to what they should do. They met again to day. ,They were united i n th e i r conv i c ti on th a t sc rnethi !rg should be done for the poor ; and I believe it was I igeir opirrion that the Corn-laws ought to be repealer 1, and it was thought that that measure would greatly ifalieve the present distress.—(L aug ht er .) I have se el t. a number of respectable p eo pl e an d shop- . keepers . t is morning ; and as large numbers are en gaged a s 4 onstabtis, and others fear the authorities in holdir g a i, meeting, it is not at resent possible to call any 1: irges'\..number together. They are all desirous that s ,Omej thing - should be done by Government ; and it i s geri erally the impression, that if Government won/ d ref ,eal . t . he Corn-laws, it would afford at resent great ;relit 4 to the country, and would be all Govern ment would grant. I think the middle classes *wish to obtain large measures for the working men ; but the opinion is, that they must obtain them by a step at a time. If your body could obtain a large assem bly of the shopkeepers, I would be happy to attend ; and remain yours, &c. " W. WILLISCROFT." The meeting then adjourned till three o'clock. AFTERNOON MEETING.. At ten minutes past three o'clock, the delegates re-assembled; and; several speakers having declared that. the working classes should not be satisfied with any thing less than the Charter, Bernard M'Cartney stated, that 15,000 of the people of Leigh delegated him to declare, that from the 'Charter alone they hbrd a redress of their grievances. He would there fore call upon them to cease any longer to produce wealth, unless that wealth were distributed in ac cordance with the minds of those that produced it, and concluded by asserting, that the people of Leigh came to a resolution to stand by the "turn-outs," 'if they did not return to their work until the Charter be came the law of the land.—A delegate from Fails worth, stated, that the body he represented would not co-operate in any movement, except for the purpose of increasing ways. Several other delegates ex pressed a similar opinion. They thought it best not to interfere with the Charter; they wanted the same wages they had in 1839, and consi dered the Charter an impracticable measure.— Benjamin Stott said, the cry of "a fair day's wages for a fair day's work" was only a clap-trap introduced by some who had received their instructions from the Anti Corn-Srw League There was little advantage to be gained by a turn-out for wages ; for, if a paltry increase were obtained, there was nothing to secure. the continuance of that. advance. It was as easy to to obtain the Charter as an advance of wages.—(Hear, hear.)—Charles Stuart, the Secretary, stated that up wards of 3,000,0001., had been expended by mechanics during the last fifteen years, in an endeavour to ad vance wages, and without success. The same amount of energy and capital that had been thus fruitlessly expended would have obtained the Charter.—(Hear, hear.)—At five o'clock a little alarm was created by the appearance of a large party of special con stables and police, on horseback and on foot, in Campfield. Intelligence having beep brought that the Magistrates were knocking at the door, the Chairman ordered James Lowe, • the keeper of the Hall, to admit them. When Mr. Beswick, the chief superintendent of police, entered the room, the Chair man aFled him if he were a delegate.—Mr. Beswick : I apprehend you know who I am ?—The Chairman : I do not.—Mr. Beswick : I presume the door-keeper has informed you who I am ?—The Chairman : 0, I suppose you are Mr. Beswick.—Mr. Beswick then stated, that the Alderman of that ward had been at , the Town Hall, and informed the Mayor and Magis trates, that a large concourse of persons were assem bled in the field adjoining the Hall of Science. He apprehended that the peaceably; disposed inhabitants were afraid in consequence of the assemblage in the Hall; and they were desirous that the meeting should be adjourned. And, continued Mr. Beswick, I also expect that this meeting will now adjourn. The Chairman : We are not aware that this meeting i s illegal. We have taken every possible precaution to pre;-ent any disturbance from growing out of this meeting. `, 4, :e have also used our influence to prevent the crowd front assembling outside. We have no objection' 'to^ iecei ve you here in:this room, , or any other officer or p e a ce . urotector ; but we hope the Meeting Will not he diituilled. ,• We haVe no objec tion to admit you if you keep 0 11--Me BesWitlee The 'Mayor and . Magistrates shaVe' Sued 'placards, which all ineetings...no matter for wat purpose aspembled;• are declared illegal. TWo . Of the .MagiS- Irates are now outside.—The Chairman : You ..re quite welcome to bring them in ; we have no objec tion to admit them.—Mr. Beswick then withdrew, and after a few minutes returned'with Mr. Alderman Kay.—Mr. Kay then said : Mr. Chairman, as Alder dennan of this ward, I call upon you to disperse this assemblage. It has produced very great alarm in the minds of the inhabitants of this district. I call upon you to adjourn this meeting, because a large as semblage has been collected outside of the doors. No at tempt was made to interfere with you till that took place. I believe that, under these circumstances, this meeting is illegal. Under these impressions, I have been sent here to desire this meeting to disperse.—The Chair mau—We have called our meeting in a legal manner ; we have admitted the reporters of the public press, and a large number of witnesses to the gallery We have taken every possible means to keep our meeting in a legal form ; we have also used our influence to disperse those outside. BelieVing this meeting to be legal, we cannot think of separating without transact ing our business.—The Chairman having made some further observations to the same effect, Mr. Kay said that there were still large crowds outside the building, and it was necessary that they should be dispersed. Those crowds were assembled in consequence of the meeting of Delegates, and it was to that fact he wished to draw the attention of the Chairman. What statement am I to make to the Magistrates ?—The Chairman : That we will use all our influence to get the crowd from about the doors; and, if we do not succeed, we shall inform you. Mr. Kay— And supposing the least disturbance takes place, will you say you will then disperse ?—(" Yes, yes.") The Chairman : The feeling of the meeting appears to be, that, if they cannot get the crowd from the doors, the meeting will adjourn. lam happy to find, that this is the feeling of the meeting. . 1 think you may have confidence now that our intentions are not improper, and that we have no desire to adopt any illegal proceedings. As soon as the neighbourhood is disturbed, we will inform you, and immediately dissolve the meeting. Mr. Kay—l shall make these statements known to the Magistrates ; and, if after hearing it, they determine to withdraw the force, I shall expect, that, when I come again, there will be no further continuance of the crowds about the place.—The Chairman : Yes, if we cannot keep the .crowd from about the doors— of course that is understood.—Mr. Kay and Mr. Bes wick then withdrew; and, after a few minutes, they returned, accompanied by Daniel Lee and Thomas Cooke, Esqrs., Magistrates, who declared the meeting illegal, and, without any parley, said they would give them ten minutes to disperse, and then left the room. —The Chairman, who had been putting the amend ments to the meeting when Mr. Beswick was first introduced, now resumed the regular business, as if no interruption had been given. He (the Chairman) said the meeting was legal, and, as such, could not be interfered with. The amendments were then seve rally put to the meeting, and their supporters were very few. .The original resolution was then put, and carried by an overwhelming majority. There were 141 delegates present when the resolution was put from the chair. the meeting then adjourned till ten o'clock (Wednesday), when the delegates will re- ' assemble at the Sherwood Inn, Tib-street. MAN CHESTER. TUESDAY, 11 A.M.—The number of troops now in this town amounts to 2,300 horse and foot, and more are daily expected. At this moment a meeting of masters is deliberating as to their future course of proceedings, and they are in communication with Major-General Sir William Warre. It is said they intend to throw open their works as soon as hands can be obtained, but how soon this point will be gained it is impossible to say-. The subjoined circular was issued yesterday by Messrs. Birley and Co., and throws some light on the subject : Chorlton Mills, August 15, 1842. " We have thought it right determinedly to resist the demands and efforts of a lawless mob, and not to cease offering employment to the hands accustomed to work at these mills. In this course we have per sisted from the day when we were attacked until the close of last week. On Friday and Saturday a large proportion of the hands did not come, and we reluc tantly close our mills until we know that we shall again have hands to attend to the machinery in the various departments. We lament the necessity for suspending the payment of we e kly wages t o a Vlarge number of usually contented and well-conducted indi viduals, on many of whom others depend for support! " BIRLEY and CO." At nine o'clock Martin, the well-known ringleader of the Oxford-road mob , was apprehended by In spector M`Donald, and is now safely lodged in the New Bailey. Yesterday the tailors left work. and issued an ad dress to their masters. NUMBER OF TROOPS IN MANCLIESTER. The following is the military strength of the town : Royal Horse Artillery . . about 70 men. Foot Artillery about 40 3d Battalion of Grenadiers about 500 58th Regiment Infantry about 700 60th Rifle Corps - 2,210 Ordnance—Two howitzers and about four six pounders. RUMOURED BURNING OF A MILL. MANCHESTER, TUESDAY NIGIIT.—About noon to day accounts of the burning of a mill at Leigh, a few miles froth Bolton, reached town, and a strong body of military were immediately dispatched by railway. At the time of clot,ing our parcel the exact particu lars had not reached us, but it appears to have been the work of the mob. (From the Manchester Guardian.) It will be seen, from the particulars elsewhere given, that, in speaking of the outrages which were imninitted at the beginning of last week, as the com mencement of a general outbreak, we were perfectly correct in our views of the matter. From Manches ter, and its immediate vicinity, the "holiday" has been carried, not only to the more distant manufac turing towns in Lancashire, but to a large portion of the 11 est Riding of Yorkshire, to the manufacturing parts of Cheshire, and to the Potteries, where the ex cesses of the mob, have been of a very frightful cha racter ; and it seems highly probable, that the epi demic will spread to almost every part of the manu facturing districts. It is, however, reasonable t) conclude, tint the lo calities first infected with this strange malady will be the first to enjoy a restoration of health. In Man chester we hope tie crisis of the disease has passed over, and that we are, at all events, approaching a state of convalescence. For several days past, the working-classes have had everything according to their wish. Labour is almost totally, suspended, as they desired, and no attempt is made by the employ ers to cause its resumption. But many of the work men are now beginning to ask themselves, " What have we got by all this ? what are we likely to get ? and what is to be our next step?" The full accomplish ment of their plan of turning out workmen, the entire absence of opposition, and the consequent decrease of excitement in the town during the last three or four days, have given men leisure to ponder on these questions; and, if we are not very greatly misin formed, they have much difficulty in finding answers at all satisfactory to their own minds. Into any schemes of pillage or incendiarism, like those which have disgraced another district, we are quite confident nothing will impel the working classes of this neigh bourhood ; and they would not gain ; but lose, if they should be so impelled. But what are they to get by sitting still or walking as they do, quietly and peace ably about the streets, whilst their wives and families are starving at home ? They have begun to think of these things ; and they will think of them more and more, as their excitement dies away, and their neces sities increase. We are exceedingly glad to learn that there is no intention on the part either of the authorities or of the manufacturers to adopt any measures that could have the appearance of forcing a resumption of labour upon the working classes. No doubt, by opening the doers of the factories, by intimating to the work people that they must now resume their labour, or lose their situations, and by making a free use of the strong civil and military force now at the disposal of the authorities, a pretty extensive beginning might now be made. But we conceive that any such course would be highly inexpedient. It would renew the excitement which is now subsiding; it would cause collisions, endanger the loss of life, and be produc tive of many serious disadvantages, all of which, we believe,,would be avoided, by allowing the matter to take the course into which its own authors have impelled it. We own that we do not like the notion of working factories under the guns of . the military, or the batons of the police ; and we think that no attempt should be made to open them at all, until the people employed in them can be secure, not only from being forcibly turned out, but from persecution, an noyance, or on the part of their neighbours. In this view of the matter, the spinners and manufac turers, so far as we can judge from the tenor of their published resolutions, fully concur • and we trust that the wise course which they have chalked out for them selves in this extraordinary crisis will be steadily pur sued to its termination. EXTRACT OF A LETTER FROM MANCHESTER. The various political parties, are blaming each other for the present alarming state of things in the manufacturing and mining districts. Some attribute them to the Chartists, others place the blame to the account of the Anti-Corn-law League. This may be a very convenient way of evading the question, " what has caused, and what remedy can be applied 'outbreak r.- They 'may rest assured that this is not merely 4,disputeletween few masters, and their Wiirkilicn, The great, body: of. operakeS the manufacturing: — districti are ZlscOnterited • frem . and. system, of agitation ==agitation is the mere offspiing of the evil —but from the • knowledge of the fact that the system of class legislation which has been car ried on in this country for so many years has ground them to the brink of starvation, and that, as they allege, "for the purpose of pampering a bloated aris tocracy who only laugh, at their misery while they pretend to sympathise with them in their sufferings.' This feeling exists very generally amongst the middle classes in this neighbourhood, who finding the shoe begin to pinch them, have at last discovered the cause of so much misery in a productive country, and many of them show a disposition to join the labour ing classes, who find that the patience with which they have borne their distresses (unparalleled in the history of any country). has rivetted their own chains, and now appear resolved to take matters into their own hands. Let not the overpaid members of the Church and the State imagine that the affair is over, or will hastily be put down by parading a few soldiers and police along the streets. The people, 'tis true, are, peaceable at present; but that quiet is the result of the complete organisation of the whole body. Let the Government hasten to develop means for averting the misery which is so wide-spread ; for if they do not take some immediate, decisive, and effective steps to that end, they will incur a responsibility more sz,ripus than perhaps they have ever taken the trouble to ca!f.ulate.—Brighton Guardian. TO TZE EDITOR OF 7'HE SUN. Nottingham, Aug. 15, 1842. SlR,—The present rLurming appearance of the country must fill the mind of every sober and reflect ing individual with dismay, and however the Tory press may endeavour to connect it with political prin ciples, there can be no doubt that every sensible indi vidual, whose mental vision is not obScured by party, will trace it to the deepest and most agonizing desti tution. Had the recommendation contained in your highly esteemed and widely-circulated paper, been acted upon, the present distressing state of affairs would, in a great measure, have been' averted ; but, unfortunately, there exists a determination amongst those who hold the reins of Government to continue their insane policy, whiCh will ultimately end in universal anarchy and confusion. There is one re markable circumstance connected with this outbreak, which cannot he overlooked, and whci&it would be well for Sir Robert Peel and his party seriously to reflect upon, and that is, that the indignation of the 'people appears to be entirely directed against the factories. Ido most conscientiously and firmly be. lieve, and the opinion is participated in by many here, that the speeches of Mr. - Ferrand, and the injudicious applause bestowed upon them by the Ministers and their adherents have in a great measure created this feeling. I submit to the consideration of the public the following extracts from the Tory press, and ask them what must naturally be the result of such lan guage addressed to an acutely suffering and impove rished people : " The mill-owner shares his accumulated gains with no one ; he either employs them in erecting more manufactures of cotton and paupers, or in heaped -up capital, the curse Of any country, and as every one s own experience teaches, the instrument of the op pressor and the degradation of all within its sphere." " England would be as great and powerful and all useful, Englishmen would he as rich as they are, though one ruin should engulph all the manufacturing Owns and districts of Great Britain."—Standard, li'ray 20, 1841. o file heartless, unfeeling m ammon-worshi ppers, who are the 11.1 1 ,y influential parties, dread, as they well -' may, the n :tural risings of public resentment, &c." . "It - is enough to bring a curse upon any cmintry, , and if we have had, and con tinue to have, unwonted difficulties to contend with in this nation, the sobe? and reverential mind will acknowledge that it is a jti7At punishment for the in humanities and crimes to which the manufacturing system has given rise," &c. &c "It is time that the enormity of such a sjitem as this should be exposed, and thoroughly, intet - Nly hated by'every good man. This shocking aggressA:.A sys tem, this war upon the poor man, taking advantage Zs.f his necessities, to grind him into cheapness, and to expose him to all varieties of evil, ought not to be suffered in a Christian country."—Morning Post, January 11, 1842. I could multiply these. quotations a thousand-fold, but the above are. sufficient to indicate the feeling of the Tory party, and to justify the assumption which I have deduced from them. This language has sunk deep into the minds of the working classes; fortified and strengthened as it has been by the approval of the Prime Minister himself, the ungratef u l o ff spr i ng of'such a themselves, s s t e e lv m es ; , the.the o pe na p t le natural results sults arenow ex hibitingalmost to mad ness, by - the most intense physical suffering, and having these opinions strongly impressed upon their minds, the supposed cause being distinctly pointed out to them, is it to be wondered at if the midnight torch and the assassin's knife should be used to exter minate those who are designated the " curse of any country ?" But, thank God, the people have not yet come to this, the high moral feeling and real Chris tian forbearance which governs them, and which I only hope our governors would exhibit a little of, will prevent ; this but sufficient, however, has been done to prove the baneful effects of the abominable doc trines propounded by the Tory faction. I will ask you, Sir, if such language had been indulged in by some un fortunate Chartist towards the lauded aristocracy, would the Premier and his adherents have cheered the sentiments ? No ; he would have had the Attorney- General pouncing upon him with leonine ferocity; and is it not a farce—is it not contemptible in the extreme —to hear these double-dyed tricksters and shufflers complain of the violent languge of the Chartists ? I'he grossest act of injustice is perpetrated towards M`Donall, and others, if such men as Ferrand and the Editors of the Post and Standard are per mitted to indulge in what language they think fit with impunity, whilst others are to be incarcerated for indulging in the honest expression of their opinions. It furnishes a striking and practical illustration "that there is one law for the rich and another for the poor." I do not wish to re2ommend the prosecution of these parties, but lam led into these remarks, by the belief that tl ere is a disposition upon the part of Govern ment to interfere with public meetings, and to regu late, if not cont 01, the expression of opinion thereat— a secret yearning after the despotic policy of a Castle. istilh, and which can only be averted by th)stion,•„. t unanimity and determination of the people. Ido hope that those who have wealth will see the necessity of distributing a portion of it freely amongst their poorer brethren ; but above all, that they will unite heart and hand for the attainment of those just laws and principles which, more than anything else, will disparse•the clouds of. adversity which are darkening the political horizon, and establish in its stead the gleams of sunshine and prosperity. • I am, Sir, yours obediently, A COMMERCIAL 'TRAVELLER. STRIKE OF COLLIERS IN MID LOTHIAN. (From the Edinburgh Advertiser of Tuesday.) Information was received in this city yesterday, that some movements of a threatening character had taken place among the colliers in the neighbourhood 1 Dalkeith ; and certain precautionary measures were in consequence deemed advisable. Some differences have lately existed between the colliers and their employers with respect to the rate of wages. The collieries of the Duke of nue clench, the Marquis of Lothian, Mr. Wardlaw Ramsay, Mr. Dundas, of Arniston, and Sir John Hope, being in the vicinity of Dalkeith—it was re solved that a meeting - of the workmen in all the 'Mid- Lothian collieries should be held near that town to consider what course should be adopted. Accord ingly, an assemblage of about 1,500 colliers, all dressed in their best clothes, and some of them with good saplings in their hands, took place near the Gal low's-hall toll, about two o'clock yesterday afternoon. It is stated that a number of delegates from the West were present. At the meeting, a committee, consist ing of twenty members was appointed to decide whether a strike should take place or not, on the un derstanding that their determination should be con elusive. The Committee met about six o'clock, in a Hall in Dalkeith, and forthwith adopted a resolution in favour of a strike. A similar strike took place at the collieries near Tranent on Friday last. Although it is impossible to reckon upon what may be done by a number of workmen, thrown idle without certain means of a livelihood, or any except such as may be obtained from dealers on credit—whether from good willor from something approaching to intimidation — it is satisfactory at least to know, that generally the colliers express themselves anxiously desirous to proceed peaceably in the prosecution of their object ; and notwithstanding the strike proclaimed yesterday, we are glad to understand that hopes are entertained of a speedy and amicable adjustment of the present differences between them and their employers. MANUFACTURE AND AGRICUL TURE IN BELGIUM. We have been favoured, says the Liverpool Times, by a friend with the following interesting account of the present state of the Manufactures and agriculture of Belgium. It is from the correspondence of an Eng lish gentleman who is travelling through the manu facturing districts of the Continent : • " In Verniers alone, 40,000 workmen are employed in the manaacture of stuffs, such as flannels, serges, camblets, &c., which are also manufactured in all the provinces, particularly in Antwerp and Hainault. The manufacture of carpets is likewise considerable in Belgium, At Tournay, there is the finest manufactory of this kind in Europe, 1,600 workmen being con stantly employed in it. Seven-eighths of the .quan tity of , the material turned out of this establishment 'are for exportation.., There are-also inanulactories of the same kind on a smaller scale in Brussels, Antwerp, Ghent, Bruges, and Courtenay. In the manufacture of flax alone in Belgium, in 1836, upwards of 400,000 persons were employed, which was one-tenth part of the population, which has since rapidly increased. In one of the steam- loom linen manufactories in Liege a ninety-horse power engine is used. The manufacture of cotton goods is increasing rapidly, in consequence of the general introduction of the best kinds of machinery and steam power. The cotton manufactories give employment in Antwerp and Flanders to 122,000 workmen. The feeding of silk worms, and the preparing of silk, is a trade also on the increase. The silk fabrics now manufactured in the country are esteemed for their good qualities. The province of Antwerp and Brabant contain the principal silk manufactories. The lace of Belgium has always been admired for its texture and the beauty of the flowered work. The tambour and fine sewing gives employment to 50,000 females. There are ex tensive cabinet manufactories in Brussels, and the articles made are noted for their elegance and solidity. Immense quantities' are annually exported to Eng land, Germany, and even to America. The Belgians excel in coach-making. Immense quantities of vehi cles of an elegant kind are now making for home use and for exportation. The cutlery of Namur gives constant emplpyment to 5,000 workmen ; and in Liege and the neighbourhood upwards of 20,000 are employed in the iron trade. Machinery is also made in Brussels, Nivelles, Toilinent, Herne, and Loe. At Charleroi 6,000 workmen are employed in the manufacture of nails. The porcelain works of Belgium are now in a thriving condition ; and the quality of the articles manufactured rivals those of England, Saxony, and France. Sugar refinery is car ried on upon a very extensive scale in many parts of the kingdom. The quantity exported from Ghent alone, in 1826, amounted to 3,998,320 kilogrammes (a kilogramme is equal to 21b. 3oz. sdr. • avoirdu pois). The business of beer brewing is now carriei on to a considerable extent, the number of brewers amount to 2,800, and a large proportion of their produce is exported. Immense quantities of spirits are also annually exported. The manufacture of paper is rapidly improving, by the introduction of paper-making machines and English workmen. The variety and extent of the Belgian manufactures are daily increasing ; for not only are the people active and skilful in tne pursuit to which they direct them selves, but the Government is animated by the keenest desire to encourage the progress of all branches of industry. Public exhibitions of new manufactures have been instituted, and take place annually at Brussels ; and, at these, • gold and silver medals are awarded to a large amount. The improvement of agriculture, fisheries, mining, and other departments of industry, is keeping pace with the adVancement of manufactures : such have been the advances of agriculture and other improvements since the revolution, that there are whole districts in which the value of land has in creased above_2s per cent. The mines form an im portant department of national industry. There are three mining districts : the first, which comprehends Hainault, contains 150 Mines ; the second, including Namur and Luxembourg, contains 95 mines; and the third, which embraces Liege and Limburg, con tains 138 mines. The principal mineral riches con sist of coals, of which Hainault alone produces more than the whole of France. Iron mines abound in the southern provinces in conjunction with coal ; copper is principally found in Hainault and Liege; pyrites, calomine, sulphur, and alum, in Liege and Namur. In concluding these details respecting the raw manufactured products of Belgium, it is neces sary for the completion of the picture of national prosperity, to add the improved mode of communica tion by railways, which is still in its infancy. In a few years, a traffic will be carried on through Belgium with Germany, instead of, as at present, through Holland and the Lower Rhine. Independently of I any advantage which Belgium may derive from this anticipated trade with the upper regions of Germany, laving its railways entirely out of the question, it is indisputa,llle that it will speedily prove, if it is not already, a forn•Aable rival to England both in manu factures and commerce. Taking its efforts in con ;unction with its Prussian neighbours, we may he 4 p p reesn ",: a et c l B .}; q 7 ,, s E u n red of the fact, that the long-boasted au or at least to be divided England, in all kinds of industrial opera _ , is tionq • about to pass away, with other counti.:.'se T'.XTRAORDTNARY EA SE Ov KEEPING A BODY UN INTERRED.—For several days Pas:; .the inhabitants of Blackheath, near Lewisham, have coml. parish authorities of a nuisance, arising run some noxious smell at the house of an old lady, who styles . I '.&)r self the Hon. Mrs. Leggate, a descendant of the Beres ford family, and nearly allied to the late Duchess of St. Albans. In consequence of these complaints, Mr.- Southam, the churchwarden. directed Atkins, the beadle of Lewisham, to snake inquiries into the cause. He did so, and found that an old servant, aged seventy-nine, of Mrs. Leggate's had died on the 6th instant, twelve days since, and although a coffin had been procured, she would not allow the body to be interred. Atkins yester day applied to Mr. Jeremy. and having stated the above facts, requested to. know what steps the parish should take under the circumstances. Mr. Jeremy, after con sulting' the law relating to nuisances, said the case was one of a most , extraordinary nature. He considered, however, that it could only be met and remedied by, in dictment. He would suggest that the parish authorities should go to the house, accompanied by the police ; and unless the body was immediately interred, take such steps as would bring the parties within the power of the law. Atkins then left, and in about an hour afterwards returned, and informed Mr. Jeremy that he had gone to tl:e house, in - company with Sizer, 103 R, but vi as re fused admittance. He had, since he left the Court, re ceived information that threw a great mystery over the old woman's death, but which it would not be pru dent to publish. Mr. Jeremy directed Atkins to inform the Coroner that an inquest ought to be held with out delay. We are happy to hear from all quarters favourable. accounts of the progress 4)f the harvest, and to state that, as far as our own observations and private accounts ex tend, we can confirm these accounts. The yield is abundant, and the grain sound and good, in Buckingham shire. There are great and loud complaint-;, however, of the millers and bakers ; and we trust that Sir R. Peel's . anticipations of large imports of American flour may prove correct, for the monopoly of the bakers and millers wants breaking through almost as much as that of the landlords. There is some talk of starting a bread baking. company in this county and Oxfordshire.—Ayles• bury News. 13, GREAT MARLBOROUGH-STREET. MR. COLBUA N WILL PUBLISH DIAIE DIATELY THE FOLLOWING INTERESTING NEW WORKS:— I. PERCIVAL KEENE. By the Author of " Peter Sim ple." 3 cols. LIVES of the QUEENS of ENGLAND. By MISS sT RICKLAND. Vol. V. The CZARINA. An Historical Romance of the Court of Russia. By MKS. HOFFLAND. 3 ♦ols. ALSO, JUST PUBLISHED. NEWFOUNDLAND in 1842. By Lieut.-Colonel Sir RICHAHD BONNYCASTLE. 2 vols. small Svo., with a valuable Map, &c. MASSANIELLO, an Historical Romance. Edited by HORACE SMITH, Esq., Author of " Brambletye House,' &c. 3 vols. DIARY and LETTERS of MADAME D'ARBLAY, Vol. IV. VII. The MARQUESS of LONDONDERRY'S STEAM VOYAGE to C , NSTANTINOPLE, by the RHINE and DANUBE. 2 vols. svo. VIII. THE MANCEUVRING MOTHER. A Novel. By the Authoress of " The History of a Flirt." 3 vols. Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street. Just published, in deli! Bvo., 240 pp., price 45., Com • ed by th INSPECTOR - GENERA OF STAMPS AND TAXES, AGUIDE to the PROPERTY and INCOME ACT, 5 and 6 Vict. cap. 35 ; with Forms of Proceed ing, Cases of Illustration, and Explanatory Notes, taken from authentic Sources, and Tables of Calculation. Second Edi tion, revised and corrected. To which is added a compendious Index to the Act. This is the only Guide printed officially for the use of those on whom the execution of the Act devolves. London : W. Clowns and Sous, 14, Charing-Cross. HAMBURGH, 12TH AUGUST, 1842. IS MAJ ES'TY EMPEROR of A AND HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF PRUSSIA, Hiving UTHOMSED and GUARANTEED several DIS TRIBUTIONS of MONEY DIVIDENDS, by which, though they are NO LOTTERIES, LARGE FORTUNES may be obtained, HEINE BROTHERS, at.HAMBURGH, are Selling • GENUINE and WARRANTED SELECTED BONDS for the said DISTEtIIIiJ Persons desirous to purchase may receive, PREVIOUS n giving any order, the PROSPECTUS with full PARTI CULARS, upon addressing, WITHOUT DELAY, a line to - HEINE BROTHERS, at HAMBURGH. P.S.—NEXT PRUSSIAN DISTRIBUTION on 15th OCTOBER, 1643. NEXT POLISH DISTRIBUTION on 15th MARCH, 1843. NEXT AUSTRIAN DISTRIBUTION on Ist of NEXT MONTH. SELECTION for the PRUSSIAN DISTRIBUTION on lit JULY next. SELECTION for the POLISH DISTRIBUTION cu Ist MARCH next. The SELECTION for the AUSTRIAN DISTRIBU TION has already taken place, namely, on let ofJUNE. THE DISTRIBUTION TAKING PLACE ON THE FIRST OF NEXT MONTH. THEATRE-ROYAL, ENGLISH OPERA-HOUSE. THIS EVENING, AUGUST 18. Will be presented the Musical Farce of LOVE LAUGHS AT LOCKSMITHS—Captain Beldare Mr J. Vining; Risk, Mr. liar ley ; Solomon Lob, Mr. Oxberry ; Lydia, Miss Stanley. To he followed by the New Burlesque • allot, called U ,i.IZELLE:— Characters by Signor Oxberrini and Madlle. Louisotta Fairbro. tnerini. After w lick, LO VE, LAW, AND PHYSlC.—flexible, Mr. J. Vining; Lubin Log, Mr Harley; Andrew, Mr. Oxneiry. To which will be added, BLUE BEARD.—BIue Beard, Mr. J. 'gland• S:!iackoblack, Mr. Oxbf•rry ; Selim, Mr Leiga Smith ; Fa. thea, Mies Crisp, • . . • • To eonelude with the New Drama called THE BROKEN HOME. Charaeters by •MessrS: Oxberry, 11 ddear, 'Granby,- W. H. Bland, Lynne, Green, -- Miss Tyrrell, Mites Stanley; and MiSs faucit. - Boxes, 4s. Pit, 2s. - Gallery, Is. Doors oi:eir at tialf.past Six ; commerce at Seeew ; Half-price, a Quarter before Nine. Private Boxes to be had of Mr. Grogan, at the Private Box-office ; and of Messrs. Andrews, Mitchell, Sams, and Bally, at their Libraries DAVIDGE'S ROYAL SURREY THEATRE. THIS EVENING, AUGUST 18. Will be presented an entirely New Fairy Opera, entitled LITTLE RED RIDING HOOD.—Tile Overture, and the wkole of the Mo. sic, composed by Mrs. G. a'Beckvt, and executed by Miss Romer. Mrs Serlt., Mr. W. Harrison, Mr. Leffler, an increas d Band and Chorus, canducted by Mr. G. Stansbury. Atter which, the Connie Extravaganza er titled ANGELS AND LUCIFERS.—B:njamin Brimstone, W. G. Wild; Sally Gingham, Miss - f errey. To conclude with the peculiarly eceentric New Drama, entitled THE MEMOIRS OF THE DEVIL, supported by the entire pany. Places and Private 3oxes may be ad of Mr. J. Kerschner, at the Eox (Mice, from Eleven till Four daily. :, , P zki: 4 .,. , 4.1 ., , .4, .1„......0..1 , ,43,,d*, -,z,..,,. -il .._ . 4.., ,4 _ ...._ ......,4 a,,,14 0.. ......4-1,..... .. ~.. . , --, b ' ~. i. t , '',... '.. ,b , 0,1*,-4,, ' .4... 'As"< .. ", ,' ; 4 v , ;,....;;;':, ." m o s , 6, " 0 R " , . • ... S . , - ROYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS. The Nobility, Gentry, Subscribers, and the Public, are respectfully ;nforrned that ON MONDAYS, TUESDAYS, AND THURSDAYS, GRAN D EVENING FETES will be given, in which will be em bodied all those popular Entertainments that have given to this favou. rite place of recreation it, peculiar celebrity, with additions and in troductions, which render them more generally attractive. The MENAGERIE has been enriched bymany valuable and im• portant acquisitions in the classes of both Quadrupeds and Birds. Feeding Time Five o'clock. The L'olossa I VIEW OF ROME has been repainted, and in some instances remodelled, with a Mechanical Table. u d'action ' repre senting the Proce.sion of the Papal Troops, Guards, and Roman Nobles, to the Castle of St. Angelo. Th., BAND includes sojue of the most ein;nelt Performers, con ducted by Mr. Godfrey, and the Programme of the PROMENADES AIIJaIICA LES selected from the noblest works of the great Masters. The ILLUMINATIONof ST. PETER'S, the CICOSi of FIRE, and the GIRANDOLA of ST. ANGELO. will 111 the ITorgems Spectacles and tnagnifieent introductio.‘s that have called torth as. clammations of delight and admiration on each evening of their ex hibition, terminating with the triumph of pyrotechnic splendour. the CA SC 4.1)E 6f IsIIILLIANT FIRE, SIX I Y FEET in height. The Gardens are open ttaily from Ten .till Dusk. The Evenim Fetes, with the Promenades Mus.calcs, Illumination of St. Peter's ; Oirmidola of St. Angelo, &c., will be given on Mondays, Tuesdays, And I hursdays. Admission One Shilling. Him' WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE THIS u., r. °ruing ( minutes after 0 ; Evening 27 minutes atter 0, (bje _.7 Alit, LONDON: THURSDAY MORNING, AUGUST 18, 1842. We have abridged from the Manchester Guardiap a report of what took place at a meeting of Delegate at Manchester on Wednesday, which seems to give a more definite idea of the objects of the Turn-outs, and the means of obtaining them, than anything we have previously seen. There were present 141 Delegates, who have all been collected for this special occasion. Thlt fact alone in licates organization, forethought, pans, and power, which may be exceedingly trouble;- some, if not carefully managed. Though the ma kr:Ay was in favour of going for the Charter, no in considerable number was for confining the agitation to obtaining an advance of wages. Some of them even spoke strongly and energetically in favour of an immediate return to work. It is plain, therefore, that the forethought and the organization have not yet found a clear and definite object; in which all are agreed. As to present means of success, they seem to have none. They are aware that they have no resources, and cannot live without wages. One of the orators, indeed, referred to the standing crops on the hill sides, having the conduct of the Scotch colliers pro bably present to his mind ; but he was told by an other, who entertains a just idea of property, that they were the inalienable right of another. There is in that difference of opinion evidence, therefore, that they will not unite, unless some great necessity force them to it, in a system of pillage. " In to any schemes," says the Manchester Guardian, " of pillage or incendiarism, like those which have dis graced another district, we are quite confident nothing Will impel the working classes of this neighbourhood." As they are not disposed to be guilty of such acts of outrage, let them he handled with respect, let them not be outraged under the authority of law—for it has long been unhappily the case, that outrages on the people are sanctioned by the law—and there is every probability that they will speedily return to their ac customed habits of quiet, patient industry. To carry off the heat of passion, there seems no thing like the valve of an open mouth. When the Con; option met in London all alarm ceased after its l i proceedingS; which were uninterrupted, had been twice or thrice ftvorted. Out of Parliament, as well as in Parliament, orators talk the heart out of every subject. For the promotion of divisions amongst the Delegates and their constituencies, and for restoring the working classes to their ordinary habits, we can conceive nothing more serviceab le than such meetings at that at Manchester. Could anything better serve the cause of order than the recommendation to return at once to their work ? Could anything weaken and dis hearten the Turn-outs more than to find that their leaders differ materially as to what they should do, and are ready to dispute as to the means they should employ ? What a mockery, too, of a great insurrection, to have the meeting discussing . a resolution for the management of trades' clubs. Public meetings bring vague passion to the hard test of material and practical measures, and blow off at once the over-charged high pressure bailer of each individual's own feelings and wishes. Believing that it is only requisite to treat the Turn outs with respect, in order to bring about a speedy and peac&'ul adjustment, and being also con vinced that such meetings ventilate the mine of discontent, we regret that some of the Magistrates of Manchester should have discc vered that the meeting of Delegates was illegal, because some timid persons were frightened at its possible consequences, and should have thought it their duty to interfere and put an end to it. lbw 1 conduct was very legal, but was it equallywise ? The meeting was serving their purposes, and they sup pressed it. Two thirds of the present mischief . have been caused by a succession of petty attempts to suppress little ebullitions ',of popular feeling. They have soured the people ; and, we trust; that the intelli gent Magistrates of MancheSter, now that they have got a military force to back them, do not mean to stop up all the outlets of discontent till it burst into some still more serious conflagration. There seems to be a prevailing feeling that the present alarm caused by the working classes in the manufacturing districts ought to lead the Govern ment to investigate and improve their condition. There must be some plausibility at least in an idea which occurs at the same time to the Post, the Herald, and The Sun. The former agrees with us almost to the words we employed, and is anxious to evoke general and permanent good out of temporary and partial evil." Nor is there the less, but rather a more, extensive agreement as to the real evil to be remedied. Whether our Contemporaries rail against the New Poor-law, against factories and capitalists, or against landlords, or call for a Ten Hours' Bill, and the exclusion of children from mines, they, one and all, agree with us that the working classes are too heavily burdened, and too poorly paid. There is unanimity on this point, and the Press, standing aloof, generally, from the class prejudices of land lords, capitalists, statesmen, and tax-eaters, ventures with a strong and clear voice to tell them all, that, somehow or other, the labouring classes are not fairly treated. There are great differences, we are aware, as to the best means of improving their • condition, but an immense step has been gained when the Press is almost unanimous in declaring, that, for the public safety, it is indispensable to have the condition of the working classes inquired into and improved. Agreeing on this point with our Contemporaries, we differ as to the means of effecting it. • The Herald is for accomplishing the desired object by Church extension. The people, who may be sup posed to know their own wants, call out for pigs (to use their own phrase), and our Contemporary . would give them parsons. They want something •to cat, and he would appoint something to eat them. The burdens of the labouring classes are 'the overgrown and overpaid Church, the exorbitant State; the landlord's high rent, as well as the capitalist's inordinate profit; and to lighten their burdens, • the Herald proposes to add to the weight of the Church. We differ totally from the Herald. One of the best means of relieving the overloaded industry of the nation would be no longer annually to extort from the pople of Eng land some five or six millions sterlints, , to provide for an idle, pompous, vain-glorious hierarchy. Our other Contemporary, the Post, would have some grand new scheme of government applied to the the manufacturing districts. Nothinc , (it says) has ever yet been done upon a large scale—such as the greatness of the subject demanded— to fit the ordinary machinery x)f government to the ex traordinary state,..of circumstances :viticfl,h4. grown up in our manufacturing districts," Nothing in the :world exists like that which is presented to the view of even a casual observer in these districts. Nowhere else, in this or in any other country, do we find such enormous masses of people heaped together, and wholly dependent upon a great manufacturing system for their support—a system which is liable to continual fluctuations, over which the masses who depend upon it for life have no control, and can have no control. . . . . . For S,irrey orfor Lancashire, the laws and custems, the means of instruction and control, the systems of magis tracy and police, are pretty nearly the same, though every rational man who considers the subject must see that the means of government and superintendence which may be sufficient fur the one, is likely (owing to the extraordinary difference of circumstances) to be wholly inadequate for the other. We think the time has come when the rulers of this country ought to consider much more closely than they ever yet have done, what it is possible for the State to do in order to courveract the disturbing influences, and the tendency to occasional misery and insecurity which be long to our present manufacturing system. That statement proceeds, we think,' on two assump tions ; first, that the agricultural population are, in all the matters it alludes to as evil, better off than the manufacturing population ; and the second is, that the system applied to them, in Surrey. for example, answers all the purposes of Government. Can the Post have forgotten that, only twelve years ago, when the Tories formerly held the reins, the system in surrey, Kent, Sussex, Hampshire, &c., was found to the full as defective as .the, system at Manchester ? Then the south of England was in a blaze, the Alagistrates were mocked at, and special commissions sent into exile the agricultural victims of a vicious system. We believe that imy possible adaptation of he Surrey plan to Lancashire, would only aggravate •1 - e evil.. ..•_, We app;ehend, too, thW - the u::ricuitural labourers have as little control over their masters and the land wners, as the manufacturing labourers have over the eaftalists. If a landlord or a farmer can make any imp ovement in his mode of cultivation, he is quite remorseless as to what becomes of the people. Have they had, any control over that clearing system which h:s been going on in Ireland, and some parts of Scotland ? Have they not been turned out of house and home, and found refuge in towns, or across the Atlantic ? Are the agricultural htLourers, at this moment, in a better condition than the manufacturing labourers ? No; all suffer under the oppres.iion of one common system ; and the humane deSire of the Post to relieve them, could not be gratified by placing squires and parsons over the districts of Manchester, as they rule over tLe parishes of Surrey. Our Contemporary has unfortunately had his -at tention directed .to the - manhtlieturing population, through his desire to defend the Corn-laws, which has distorted the objects to his view. It Is yet too early to speak decisively of the conduct of the manufac turing population in their present agitated state. We are ipclined, however, to think, that after they have returned to their work, even the Post will look on thcir conduct, rs compared to that of the peasantry in 1830—when it is remembered that several great t - iwns have been completely in their hands, and at their mercy—in a ,favourable light. - Their habits are invariably those of peace and regularity. The steam-engine 6ompels all who are in connection with it, and dependent on it, to he regular and methodical. They have no taste for violence and irregularity. In all large towns there are loose, idle, disorderly per sons—persons who are what is 'called._ independent, because they live by casual and hand labour; these persons may be riotous at Manchester as well as London ; but the factory population, properly speak ing; the machine-makers, printers, spinners, &c., &c., are essentially an orderly and regular population, who have no notion of living by forage and disorder. Though - the colliers are generally 'found in manu facturing districts their occupations, each one working in a hole at a distance from his companions, doing almost everything by hand, wielding his pick as he lies on his back, at his own pleasure, are more in ac cordance with those of the agriculturist than those oi the factory-worker. At least they resemble each other in this, that both are individualised, and each is much guided in his work by his own will. The factory-worker is the assistant and servant of a machine. Now let the Post remark that the colliers, both in Eng land and Scotland, are the men who have been guilty of the greatest out rages. 'We believe when the Post reflects on the fact, that probably not less than 500,000 . persons have been involved in the present commotion, it will find reason to be grateful that it was a manufacturing rather than an agricultural population which was thus stirred to its innermost depths. We regard our Contemporary's opinion of our manu facturing population as crude and erroneous. He admits that the Government has grossly neglected its duty to this great population... But the popula tion which the Government has attended to, according to the Post, is no better; .but rather in a worse condition ; and we therefore cannot be lieve, with th.: Post, that a factory population will be improved by being regulated on an agricultural system. In truth our statesmen and pullic writers know very little indeed of the factory population ; now and. then some glimpse of a corner of it is obtained, as by 'the inquiries of Committees and Commissioners, or as by the present outbreak; and the great astoniOunent or alarm which ensues is a conclu sive.proof that of the whole we are grossly ignorant. Men are acquainted with the laws of planetary motion, and they are not surprised at an eclipse; but they know little or nothing of the factory system, and, therefore, when a little portion of it is suddenly revealed, they are lost in wonder. The intelligence from the disturbed districts is not quite so encouraging as it was on Tuesday. At pre sent the most unfavourable symptoms are in the neighbourhocal of the Potteries, where the mob have destroyed several houses, and exhibited a more furious and determined spirit of insubordination than has been any where exhibited since the commencement of the riots. But even these men, notwithstanding their apparent recklessness and hardihood of purpose, made no stand against the small military force by which they were opposed, but dispersed with as much ex pedition as they had assembled. A correspondent, describing the conflict, says On the mob nearing the military, they flourished their bludgeons over their heads, gave a cheer, and assailed them with missiles. The order was given to fire, when one man ~ was shot dead, another was shot through the back, and has been taken to the North Staffordshire In firmary, but is scarcely expected to survive. The mob, perceiving the fatal effect of the firing of the military, fled in the greatest consternation and speed, in air directions." At Huddersfield, where the opera tives mustered in great force, and showed a spirit somewhat similar to that displayed in the Potteries, they were dispersed with equal facility by the-troops. "After the Riot Act had been read," says a corres pondent, "the soldiers were ordered to clear the streets, and immediately acted on their instructions. This was the time for testing the courage of the mob, who, so far from showing fight, took to their heels, and dispersed in all directions, •in the greatest possible confusion and terror." It is evident, from these and other indications, that there is a want of earnestness in the rioters, as if, despite their refusal to return to work, they were cowed by an instinctive consciousness of the folly, and infatuation—not to say, madness—of their proceedings. It would seem also, that, in many instances, they are ignorant of what they are clamour ing for. In one quarter their demand is for " a fair day's wages for a fair day's work ;" in another, for the Charter, and nothing but the Charter. Unsteadi ness of purpose is but too manifest among them ; there seems no controlling or guiding power. Under such circumstances—there being no very de cided or energetic spirit of resistance prevalent amcng the rioters—we are not without confident hopes that reason and common sense will, in a day or two, exert a wholesome influence over their minds, and convince them that they themselves have as great an interest in the maintenance of order as any of the classes above them. Meantime much will depend on the spirit in which the military and civil authorities exercise the duties entrusted to them. Firm, prompt, and energetic, they must of necessity be ; but all unnecessary severity should be avoided, or the Mobs, goaded to desperation, may exhibit a fir more alarm ing aspect than they have yet shown. As a signi ficant sign of the times, we quote a portion of a cir-. cular issued by Messrs. BIRLEY and Co.—one of the greatest manufacturing firms in' Manchester, who have till now persisted in keeping their mills at work, but are now, like the other mill-owners, compelled most reluctantly to close them :—" We have thought it right determinedly to resist the demands and efforts of a lawless mob, and not to -cease offering employment to'the ha ids accustomed to work atthese mills. In this *Course we have persisted-from :thellay when we were attacked, until the close of last week; On Friday and Saturday a large pro portion- of the hands did not come, and we reluctantly close our mills until we know that we shall again have hands to attend to the machinery in the various departments." We quote the following passage from the Times, in which it will be seen that additional precautionary measures are recommended, in the event of the disturbances as-. suming a more serious aspect than is the case at present :—" If the crisis continues much longer, extraordinary measures must be resorted to for the reinforcement of the military and police ; and all good subjects should hold themselves prepared to co l . operate with the authorities upon the first signal that there is any occasion for their services. .We trust that the prevention of mischief will be the great ob ject of all who have any force at their disposal." The .whole of the Paris papers have reached us. Their, leading articles are chiefly on the Regency Bill,. and the distressed condition of the working classes in England. Monday, being the Feast of the Assumption, was observed as a strict holiday. There was no business done at the I3ourse or Banks, and tie Post-office closed at three o'clock. The subjoined are extracts : • A letter from Oran, July 30, says :—" We have news from the expeditionary column of General d'Arbeutille, Bich has nut through the nerth of our province, and executed several ruzzias against the Fiitas, bringingkek a considerable booty. Some of the chiefs have proposed conferences, and two Raids have submitted. The prin cipal chiefs, however, still hold back, claiming' a right of neutrality, and - a sort of pre-ealinence ever the chiefs that hate already cume over to us. The Go%ernment can lot adroit those em:eptions, as they wetild engender discord • and would wound the pride of our allies. It is rumoured that the Chiefs have trained a day fur a grand meeting, to fix definitively their submission. As WWI as we shall • have reduced this part of the province, we shall have only to keep oar ground, for it will then be totally con quered, and the tribes, worn out by the long contest, will scarcely be able to make head against us for some time. Under the Turkish regime the tribes of the Flints were the most numerous, the most warlike, and the most opulent in the Regency. Their Raid was one of the . most eminent men of the native militia, and the .horse men were deemed the most adroit in manly exercises of any in the plain. During the fetes of the Rhamadan visitors came in from all parts to see them, so celebrated are they for their elegance, their rich costumes, and su• . periority of their mariners. Their country, of great extent and perfectly well cultivated, is one of the mast productive and picturesque of all the Regency. They had a treaty of commerce wnich placad them in eonnectiiin with the Sicilian and Maltese traders, to whom thtiy disposed of the surplus of their corn and cloths. It is the remembrance of their ancient greateess that pre vents their imitating their n ighbours in submitting. As to attachment to -Abd-el-Kader, they have none. The last Raid of the Flints under the Turkish rule is still alive. His name is Chermort, and since 1834 he hus been in tie service of France. He Is an old mart, of un tarnished reputation, and much respected by the natives on account of former grandeur. lie is an extraordinary example of Oriental resizeation, for after quitting without a murmur his command, he entered our Spahis as 'a simple horseman. He received the cross for his bravery, raid is at present a corporal. His complete ignorance of our language prevents his rising higher, but he seems to care little about the matter, for he is altogether void of ambition."—Le Constitutienntl. The Mennen:- of this morning has no official part. A letter from Cadiz of .Aug. 1, says :—" The Count alas Antes, who arrived on July 28, as a passenger on board the Royal Tar, is gone to Gibraltar. The Gene- ral is going by way of Alexandria to Portuguese India, 19 Governor-General, with the most extensive and full powers, front Queen Donna Maria, to restore order at Goa." A letter from Burgos, of Aug. 2, says :—" Yesterday the discussions on the proceedings against General Trivero, were closed. The Reporter presented the fol. lowing proposals : That the accused be acquitted of the principal charge, and that the imprisonment which he ;las undergone, up to Monday, be declared a sufficient i mnishment fur his not having ordered immediately the Arrest of a suspected officer."—Le commerce. Yesterday there was constant communication between the Duke of 'Wellington, the new Coi n . inander-in-Chief, and Sir James Graham, the Home Secretary. It is understood that fresh troops have received orders for the North, and are now en route for Birmingham, owing to the alarming accounts re ceived in town early yesterday morning. At some .of he military stations in the metropolis the military were under arms all night. The individual found in Windsor Castle on Monday evening, underwent a long examination at the Home office on Tuesday, before Mr. Hall, the Chief Magis trate of Bow-street. A medical gentleman was sent for by the authorities at the Home-office, and was in attendance while the prisoner was being examined. In person the prisoner is of ordinary height, and of . middle age ; his complexion is very deeply sun-burnt, as if from long expo:Ali e to the weather. i NOBLE EXERTIONS BY A BOY.--011 Wednesday Alexander Bennett, a boy about eleven years of age, who who had gone to the river to bathe, got out of his depth, and called fur help. Dunn, another boy, about four teen, heard Bennett's exclamation that he was off his A•et ; but he had been so brief a spat!e in the water, thut ,r did not occur to him he could be in any danger, and he did not consequently pay much attention to it. Pre • sently, however, it became evident that Bennett was ,truggling at the mercy of the current ; and Dunn im mediately stripped himself and hastened to the rescue of the drowning boy. Before he could reack the water Bennett had di,appeared ; but on looking down near the ,pot where he had sunk, he observed him at the bottom ,f the river, and, after diving twice, succeeded in catch ag• hold of him by the shoulder, and bringing him to the zurfare. Retaining his grasp of him with his right harld, he then turned towards the s h ore , b ut , b ur d e n e d i ll this way, and with only his left hand to hatile against the current, he made but slow progress, and became so ?xhausted with his efforts, that he actually sank once ,itnself. Still manfully and resolutely maintaining his hold, he again rose to the surface, and ultimately brought is apparently lifeless burden to the land, to the bdinirti :ion of a considerable number of spectators, who had by this time gathered round the scene. Once cut of the water, Bennett was not long of showing signs of ret urn ng animation, and he was soon so much recovered as to be able to walk home.—Dundee Warder. • SUM The Re f J ournals o two amend 4 • 11. ! Re en to his entei t ° renew i Which ar e out in a de ,Atothei 01 0 a, was The n( appointed ttzt, the riday ar Walla] : 41 4beth. 'Miler to fr•auding G rove-sty Ptsoner, 'ellee t o ( day. t Daniel t t farged nturch 'Poker. The ti 'riotit Ueday. "atenten t sever, 11 1 1$ to "Ylorld ay, A fine 1611- itt int x r. P Nvriml 4 t Pd eal ` i lleates °I his ex I \lr. C ,_Went-, ''' meet k,'l'Y to I epteml The ' N I. d coi Y acht tlrted, `'mutes A.ll tl V , an bake o thields, E at Ab, stovin Ta 1.1 01 ;:, bij vercaul , The 4‘lAr L The tiol k ai T 1e s quare , The .reTtlas Kalb' The "o►ver LOT t°-da 3 , Sir Th( prepay Th, s hAde dian) the hi THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY MORNING, AUGUST 18, 1842. `s..-.~~.r~ the sentt -Itoy 'Pass rlosi Itoti 5 4 i _~