The Sun. — London, England, 1824-04-01 00:00:00

THE LONDON JOURNALS. DAILY Extracts from the Morning Papers, April 1. [Txx TSMEC.J , Yesterday we received letters from Paris by express, dated Monday evening. In one of them is quoted a curious declaration of the King of Spain, in relation to the Constitutional Loans, -who is reported to have said, oa being pressed to recognize them, even at some fractional part of their nominal value, that he would prefer" eat " ing black bread, to acknowledging those secu '! rities to be worth a single maravedi." His ob stinate resolution on this point is supposed to have been well understood by the Spanish Am bassador in Paris, previous to the departure of those persons who repaired to Madrid to become competitors for the new contract, as he is said to have remarked to some of those who consulted isim on the subject, that all proposals of that na ture were wholly useless. It is a curious fact, that one set of contractors had determined on presenting tenders for a loan to the Spanish Go vernment at 75, provided that the Constitutional Bonds were made receivable at 15 per cent.only. The rejoetion of this offer proves that the an nulling those securities is made a point of honour, and not of financial economy, by the Spanish Court, since they can scarcely hope, in the present state of the- country, to contract for a loan so high as CO per cent., which, according to the above plan, would be the amount to be paid them in money. It seems that the negociations at Madrid have raised the hopes of the noted M. Guebhard and his adherents, who are now endeavouring to force what are termed the " Royal Bonds" into circulation, for which he possesses powers to the extent of 16,000,000 of dollars, in the expecta tion that these must be made receivable far be yond their present value in any new contract that may be entered into. From these respective causes the slate of Spanish finance becomes every day more desperate, and the period appears not to be far distant when the dependents of the Spanish Court, if not the Monarch himself, may be re duced to the meagre diet to which he has de voted himself, rather thaw perform on act of pub lic justice. [MORNING POST.) The Royal Assent was given by Commission yesterday to the Slave Trade Piracy Bill ; and that measure which does so much honour to its author, to the country, and even to the age in which it has been proposed, is now become an integral part of the Law of the Land. The bu siness in the Commons was of no importance ; consisting chiefly in the presentation of Petitions on various subjects. Mr. Goulburn gave notice that it was his intention on the 28th of April to move for leave to bring in a Bill to drain the Bogs in Ireland—a measure of little pomp and pretence, but of real utility. [saw TiMas.) The letters received yesterday by express from Paris are of little importance beyond com municating the price of the Rentes on Monday, en which day they closed at 103 f. 30c. and at 103 f. 50c. far the end of the month. There still continues some doubt whether any Loan has been yet contracted for the Spanish Government, although a report prevailed of a Mr. Grove having completed an arrangement for one to answer the present exigences of the Spanish Treasury, in which no mention is made of the Old Bonds. This report is not, however, generally believed to be correct.--An other new scheme of the Poyais species made its appearance yesterday in the City, in the form of proposals for a loan for the " service of the ancient kingdom of Guatimala !" under the more modern title of the " United Provinces of Central America 1 .." This republic is stated to be divided into fifteen provinces, five of which are situate on the shores of the Atlantic, five on the Pacific, and five in the centre of the country. The situa tion of these fifteen provinces is said to be such, that from the year 1821, when they declared their independence, they have not been once disturbed by any civil war or commotion. The finances are well regulated : there is no public debt, nor any paper money : yet with these advantages, and the most fertile and pro. ductive soil in the world, a Mr. Wm. May Simonds, of London, modestly proposes that the British public shall advance Two Millions and a Half Sterling by way of loan, to bear an inte rest of six per cent. The security, as usual, is the revenues of the country. Seeing that there is neither civil war nor commotion, debt, loan, Ear paper money, it is very naturally inquired what can be the object of the loan ; to which it is answered with great naivete by Mr. Simonds, that it is for the purpose of giving an impetus to the trade and commerce of the country ; but the particular mode of application of this small sum of two millions and a half sterling Mr. Simonds has not hitherto disclosed. DuortNixo cunonzor.z.] The remarks which we yesterday made on the projected extension of the power of the Scots Justices of the Peace have drawn forth some remarks from an intelligent contemporary, who, we are happy to see, takes nearly the same view of the matter with ourselves. " As far," he observes, " as those parts of the judicial sys tem of the two countries which affect the lower classes can be judged_ of by their effects, there Can be no question that the Scotch are superior to the English institutions. We hope our northern neighbours will not be led to imitate blindly our in ' stictstions by vague declamations in Parliament (very fa shionable in an assembly of a class of persons whose authority . the plan is calculated to increase), but that they will look to our 006 and our peasantry, to our county jobs and our county • rates, and to the enormous power which our Magistrates have gradually got into their hands, without the slightest real re .spoosibilitr (except in the case now and then of a mere itieot) as to the use, non-ase, or abuse of them." The truth is, there seems to be by much too strong a disposition on the part of the Scotch Members to recommend the introduction of, English Institutions into Scotland. They seem to have somewhat of the feeling in England that F i sglishmen in Park bare, before a fashionable tailor has. enabled them to appear a-la-mode, or a nt t the Ft without the toil, in the Fable, lad when contemplating the brushes of his brethren. The assimilation of the practices of the lesser country to those of the greater would, how ever, in many cases be any thing but bene ficial to the population of the former. In the ninth Report of the Commissioners on the Courts of Justice in' Scotland it is distinctly stated that, " the amount of ordinary jurisdic tion exercised by the Justices of Peace in Scot land is not considerable ; a circumstance which may be ascribed in a great measure to the regular and efficient establishment of the Sheriff Courts, throughout this part of dais kingdom, and the great improvement which has taken place in the latter since the abolition, in the reign of George If. of the heritable office of Sheriff, and the qualifications required in those who now receive the appointment. By the permanent Sittings of these local Courts, also, a great facility of access is afforded to suitors in most, if not all of those cases in which the Justices of Peace have a con current jurisdiction." Thus the pow — ers already possessed by the Justices of Peace are seldom exercised, because there is a regular and effi cient establishment, possessed of the same powers, with a higher q ualification, to which the people naturally give a preference ; and to ad just the balance, it is proposed, that to those who hat• the inferior q ualification, power should be added in extent s ufficient to form a temptation to them to make up their lee-way in point of acti vity. Th e reason, be it remarked, is not the benefit to be conferred on the people, but the addition of influence to the Gentry. [MORNING H ER AL D.] The current of modern business is strongly set in for the useful. The splendid has had its day. No where is this more forcibly illustrated than in our Houses of Parliament. Our orators are ,now dumb, or speak only to make practical ex planations and complimentary allusions. The time has been (fuit Ilium) when the revolutions of empires and the conflicts of nations agitated the public mind and called forth the splendour of senatorial eloquence. Even the inferior, though lively interest of party contest has disappeared. This is worthy of remark, as indicating the stage at which the march of public affairs has arrived. The materials of epic poetry precede civilization —chivalry preceded true sentiment. There was a time when a journey from London to York was full of wild encounters, hair-breadth escapes, and most interesting discoveries. It was the very eloquence of travelling. Nov, what can be tamer and more useful, less splendid or more convenient, than the smoothness of the roads, and the commodiousness of the vehicles which conduct you over the once poetical space in the course of a few hours May we not consider the very tameness of our Parliamentary proceedings as a similar instance of improvement ? War, of swords or speeches, deeply agitates ; but it spreads misery far and wide. We think it flu better to see sturdy Irishmen v.Pa str e ets than fighting our ba ttles, and to lri h n e g ar ealuor quota Statesmen talking of our commercial rela tions than fulminating invectives against a foreign enemy or a compatriot opponent. At any rate, the useful is the order of the day. The Merest felt in the useful, too, is far more general, though much less intense, than that at once excited by the splendid. A t least twenty times the num ber of persons who read the speeches of Fox, Pitt, Burke, and Sheridan, when they came forth fresh from the Senate, now read the speeches of Huskisson, Wallace, Hume, and Baring, prosaic and uneloquent as they are. Our very Parliament is now rendered productive. [-BRITISH PRESS.] A petition from two most respectable Irish gentlemen, Mr. Devereux, of Wexford (one of the Catholic Delegates from Ireland in 1794), and Mr. M'Culloch, against Mr. Plunkett's Burial Bill, was presented last night by Mr. Hutchinson, the Member for Cork.— We are glad to see that opposition already has been roused ag ainst this insulting Bill.— The Catholics of Ireland have not as yet had time to prepare them, or petitions from them would have been presented against it also. Mr. Plunkett, we find, has left town ; he may find his Bill sent to the " tomb of all the Capulets" on his return ; at least such, we trust, will be its fate, unless it is com pletely new cast in the Committee, and every shred of the odious intolerance that now dis figures it destroyed. We have the greatest re spect for any opinion given by Mr. Hutchinson ; any thing that falls from hies is equally sincere and disinterested. We agree with him most en tirely in his high opinion of Lord Wellesley.— The empire at large (as Mr. Hutchinson elo quently but truly said) is indeed "much indebted to Lord Wellesley for what he has done to tran quillize Ireland : he was sure (Mr. Hutchinson added), if all the good which the Viceroy was so anxious to accomplish did not follow from the measures he adopted, it was because he had not the means of carrying into effect those measures which would be alike beneficial to Ireland and the Empire at large." We cannot believe that this most obnoxious Bill has met the approval of the Viceroy. Its intolerance smacks of other hands; there is nothing of his enlarged or en lightened toleration about it. A Melancholy Catastrophe has recently oc curred at Rome. An English family were taking a ride along the banks of the Tiber, when the horse on which the niece of Lord Har.snat* was mounted, stumbled and fell into the river. Miss BATHuItaT floated a few seconds, and then dis appeared for ever from the eyes of all her family. Lord BALMEtt instantly plunged in ; but his ef forts were vain, and he narrowly escaped be coming himself a victim of the rapidity of the stream. The Duke de LAVAL. de MosTmonEecY, who was a witness of this fatal accident, is, as well as the whole city of Rome, absorbed in the most intense grief. Miss BATIIUaST was the niece of Lord BATHURST, the present Minister of the Colonies of England, and the daughter of Mr. BATHURST, who, twenty years ago, in traversing a forest on his way to Hamburgh, disappeared,. and it has never since been known what became of.him."—(Etorle of Tuesday last.) • It is difficult to say what nobleman is meant by this name. Quere, it it. Lord Aylmer MR. OWEN. [From the Glasgow Chronick, March 9,1 NEW LANARIC.-Yester - day a meeting was held in the New Institution for the purpose of opening the Library and Lecture Rooms, upon which Mr. OWEN delivered the following ADDRESS TO THE INHABITANTS. It was eight years on the first ofJanuarylttWeince --- the Insti tution, in which lam now speaking, was opened. I then in formed you what were my intentions in erecting this building at an expence of 6,0001., an unusual expenditure for an appen dage so new to a Cotton Mill Establishment. I told you that it was formed with a view, Ist. To improve the condition of the inhabitants of that village. 2dly. To promote the welfare and advantage of the neigh bourhood. 3dly. To set an example, by which extensive amelioration might be effected throughout the British Dominions. And lastly : To assist in opening the road to the gradual im provement of every nation throughout the world. These important objects have been already promoted to a greater extent than I had anticipated. There are but few of those hero present, who know what the general situation of the working classes over the kingdom has been during the greater part of these eight years • or who are at all acquainted with the actual state in which exist at present. You do not know, that in very many situations, the working classes were only partially employed, and paid for that partial employment and that many of them have upon extreme poverty. Y ou do have experienced for years past a l l at very reduced wages the miseries and evils attend : not know, that, in other situations, where employment co uld be procured with tolerable facility, and where the wages w ere not reduced, the work people are still surrounded with every sort of temptation to spend the wages they earn, and the time which is at their own disposal in intemperance and excess ; that little or no instruction is provided for their children, who acquire day by day, only the ignorant and vicious habits of the streets. You do not know, in short, in what a wretched state of immorality and discomfort many of your fellow creatures, in similar situations to those you now occupy, have existed and still continue to exist, both in Great Britain and Ireland. In some counties in the lat ter Island, the work people are at this moment begging and importuning for employment, for which the men are paid from bi d. to 7(1. a-day, and the women about 341. a-day ; and even tat employment they are often utterly unable to pro cure.° You cannot know all this, because you have had no opportunity of witnessing it youselves—of seeing the squalid, unhealthy appearance, and riotous and indecent behaviour of the inhabitants of many of the manufacturing dist ri cts — of hearing the low and degrading language, and the ignorant and debasing ideas, which the youngest children learn from their older companions ; and sometimes even from their parents themselves. Nor have you ever seen an Irish hovel, where hogs and poultry and human beings live together indiscrimi nately, all sharing the same fare, which is sometimes nothing more than cold potatoes, because they cannot afford to light a fire to boil them, oftener than once in two or three days. And therefore you 'have not the means of discovering, how com hletely you hare been protected from most of these evils, and ow regularly your prosperity has been advanced year by year. But this is not all. You yourselves, when you were young, did not receive such an education as your children are now receiving. And therefore you have not the means of ascertaining how good an education it is. If you were taught reading, writing, and ac counts, your education was considered to be completed. And, in deed, if it had been my intention, that your children should remain in the ignorant and servile condition in which the children of the working classes generally are, I should have agreed with those individuals in opinion, who say that a knowledge of reading, writing and accounts is enough and too much to give them ; and I should have gone on in the old way, and saved myself the expence, which has been incurred, and the trouble and dif ficulties which have been encountered.—But this was not my intention. It appeared to me, that a great amelioration in the i s t e of t hes e condition of the working classes could be effected and I made a complete alteration in the education of your children, that they might be the sooner enabled to reap the benefit of the projected improvement.—One who has learned to read and to write, but who lnows:ia not mak e si.ea every thonwto w ord, or proper w u re w acquirements, i: in he ...Omxi for every useful pra c ti ca l purpose, letter.as ignorant as a , He has, after much labour, got possession of very excellent tools, which lie cannot use. They will be of no to him than a carpenter's tools would b e t o a man who h ad e se= I even handled an axe or a saw. And therefore, besides reading and writing, your children have been taught real knowledge—a know ledge of the most important facts, so as to enable them to discover what the world was, what it is, and what it contains; what men were, what they are, and what they may be. I gave your children this knowledge, that they might become independent, acquire the character of men and of rational beings, and that they might know how to conduct themselves well in all respects in every situation ; and be fitted to take a part in and to enjoy a state of society very superior to that in whi c h yo u have been accustom ed to live. 24. This establishment has benefited the surrounding dis trict by the annual expenditure of large sums of money in the purchase of agricultural and other produce, and by giving em ployment to the neighbourhood ; but more especially through the example afforded by your general good conduct and by the superior behaviour of your children, even to the youngest of them, who now treat each other in so kind and friendly a man ner, that strangers might easily mistake them for children of the same family, trained to have a sincere affection for each other. idly. This Establishment has also effected some more public ameliorations. It was to attain this end, that for several years past I have received here all strangers, who wished to inspect our arrange ments. These, howeve r , are now very generally known, as well as they can be lear ne d by a hasty visit; and it is my in tention no longer indiscriminately to admit those who visit this Establishment from motives of mere passing curiosity. At the same time, I do not mean to exclude any individuals, who are really interested in education, and in the general and per manent improvement of the human race. I wished, too, that the example set by this Est a blishment should tend to intr oduce a beneficial change in the general condition of the operatives of Great Britain, and their ahildren. And an Act of Parliament has been obtained, which makes it illegal to employ children under 16 years of age, in Cotton Mills, for more than 12 hours per day, and to prevent their admission to such e mployment until they are 9 years of age. There is one stop gained for the cause of humanity, but it is only one—only a very slight im provement. Children of 9 years of age ought never to be so employed for 19 hours a day. It is a direct injury to them selves, to their parents, and to society. It is my wish to prevent children, under 12 years of age being employed in any flax, woollen, cotton, or other similar mill, to limit the hours of working in all of them to ten hours and a half per day, the time which for many years you have been employed ; and to ensure a really good education to all the children. I hope the time is not far distant, when these obvious improvements will be willingly acceded by all the Master Manufactures and by the Government. And it is in this manner I anticipate the at tainment of a great and extensive amelioration in the condition of the working classes throughout the British Dominions. Those who have seen the various changes which have been ef fected in this village during the last twenty-four years, might easy discover the principle upon which I have uniformly acted. I have repeatedly stated to you what this prin ciple is : I have published it in various forms : I have re commended its application by the Government; and I con sider it to be the most valuable principle in the world. I shall state it to you again, and you cannot devote too much time and attention in endeavouring to understand it, and to act upon it.—This invaluable principle is : " That the true and only mode by which it is possible substantially and perma nently to improve the condition of men, is by removing those circumstances which are always found to make men bad and miserable, and putting those circumstances in their place, which are always found to make men good and happy. '—When I speak of circumstances, I mean whatever you see, or feel, or know to exist around you. For instance a public house is an unfavourable circumstance : it never makes people more sober or industrious than they were before they entered it ; and it often has the very contrary effect. Any other temptation to become intoxicated is an unfavourable circumstance : Intoxica tion never makes a man healthy, but always produces disease. Very long hours of labour is an unfavourable circumstance : it hurts the constitution, injures the spirit, and sours the temper. Livin gin dirty,disorderly houses is an unfavourable circumstance: it creates disease, makes us disagreeable to ourselves and to others, and often drives a man from his own family and home. Purchasing what you require of bad qualityat high prices and at long cred it,is an unfhvourable circumstance : it injures the health, brings a family into debt, and makes them careless about their independence and their honesty. Bad example of any kind set to children is a very unfavourable circumstance for them ; for children con tinually imitate what they see and hear, be it good or bad. On. the other hand, healthy moderate employment is a favour. able circumstance ; a man cannot be active, or satisfied, or happy without it. An opportunity of spending your money in a useful and profitable way, without running into debt, by ex ceeding your income, is a favourable circumstance : it makes a family respectable and respected. The daily means of inno- : cent enjoyment is a favourable circumstance : it makes men prefer innocent enjoyment to improper excess ; it niakes them • Sea Report of the Select Committee on the employment of the poor in Ireland. like their situations and be anxious to retain them, satisfied with themselves and with all around them. Seeing perfect order and cleanliness wherever you go, is a favourable circum stance : it creates order regularity in the mind ; it makes us agreeable to ourselves and to others. Seeing good ex ample set them wherever they go, is a very favourable circumstance for children; it will insensibly but certainly give them good habits and good dispositions, and will make them a pleasure to their parents and to all who know them. Education is the most powerful circumstance in the world. It may be made the best and it may be made the worst circum stance which we meet with in our lives. It may be made to create a character so profligate, ignorant, and bigotted, that it will be extremely difficult afterwards to change it for the better. It may be made to create so excellent and noble a character, as will act well under almost any circumstances that may afterwards arise. This is the reason why I have not pur sued the same measures that others have done in similar situa tions—why I did not waste your time and mine in blaming you, and uselessly expend your money and mine in punishing you for the evils which these fatal circumstances had so strongly tempted you to bring upon yourselves, and for becoming such characters as these unhappy circumstances were well calculated to produce in you and your children. This is the reason why I conceived it to be a wiser course to consider the character of all the circumstances which had been allowed to exist around you, and, without regard to the expence or trouble, or to the prejudices of any party, to withdraw from among you such of these circumstances as were producing the greatest moral and physical evils, and why I replaced these pernicious circumstances by others, purposely devised to aid you in ac quiring better moral feelings, more sober and cleanly habits, and more healthy and active and cheerful dispositions. This is the reason why I have spared neither time nor trouble nor money in the education of your children. If I had given each of them a large fortune in imaney, it would probably have made them miserable; but 1 knew that by giving each of them a for tune iii habits, dispositions and knowledge, very uncommon for their age and station, I was giving them that which must of neceesity increase their happiness,—that which nothing but a good education could ever have procured for them. This is the reason why I am so very anxious to make your chil dren, while they are yet young, the best, the wisest and hap piest children in the world. This can be done • and it depends, in some measure, upon you, whether th e y s hall become so or not. Your education was not so good as theirs is now. And it is much more easy to acquire valuable ideas and habits in early youth, than at • more advanced period. Still you ought, for your own sakes, and for the sake of your children, to endeavour to acquire that knowledge which can alone raise man from the lowest to the highest situation, and fit him to enjoy any, even the most superior society. Many unfavoura ble circumstances still exist around you, and I cannot improve your condition and that of your children more effectually, than by removing such of these as are within my power. It was an unfavourable circumstance for you, that you had no opportu nity of acquiring the valuable and interesting information which is at present given to your children. In order to give you an opportunity of doing so now, and of releaving yourself from the ignorance to which your situation has almost necessarily sub jected you, the library and lecture room shall be opened for the older as well as the younger part of the population ; and in a short timeyou will have lectures on the most useful subjects de livered to you twice in a week. You do not know how very im portant and necessary it is for you to apply an hour and a half each evening, after your work in the mills ceases, to your mental improvement. You have never yet had an opportunity of discovering how very much you have still to learn, in order that your children may find instruction and advantage in your society, and that you may become rational companions to one another. It is an unfavourable circumstance for your children, that, after they have begun to understand what they have to learn, and begun to take pleasure in learning it, they are, at ten years of age, taken from the schools at once, and employed in the Mills for ten hours and a half per day. Such a change at so early an age, however cleanly and well-ventilated your work-rooms are kept, is most injurious for children ; they can not support it without injury to their constitutions, and to their animal spirits and cheerfulness. Nor can they, at that age, apply to their studies after their work is completed, so as to derive any material advantage from them. Now, a robust con stitution, a good education, good spirits, and a cheerful temper, are the stock in trade of the working classes. This is the greatest fortune you can leave your children ; they are rich if' they have it, and poor indeed if they have it not. I am exceedingly desirous that your children should acquire this invaluable stock in trade. They cannot acquire it at pre sent ; yet till they are enabled to do so, every other advantage they may gain, is comparatively trifling. I propose , therefore, in order to remedy this most serious evil with the least incon venience to yourselves, that your children shall be employed in the mills only half the day, until they are twelve years of age, after which they may be employed their full time if you desire it. And if any of you cannot affbrd to allow your children this advantage from ten years of age, they shall be permitted to commence this half time at any period after they shall have completed their ninth year. At the same time, I strongly ad vise you not to allow your children to work even this half time till they are ten years of age, if you can possibly avoid it. If I had merely exhorted your children to more atten tion in the evening school, and blamed and punished them, if they made not the same progress after their work was com pleted, as they had formerly done in the day school—or if I had merely condemned the unbending and joyless national f v a i v n o g u t r h a e b i l r e ecir cumstance character, which the circumstances existing in this country too often form in its inhabitants—l should have expected little or my y d nogdconduct u c c to stillres r u e l m t a f i r n o e m d, ititldtrhene unfavourable cation broken off at the most interesting and important period, were deprived of the power of acquiring either the know ledge, or the robust constitution, or the cheerfulness, which it is both your interest and theirs that they should acquire. But you see that I have not done this. I have begun by removing the unfavourable circumstance itself, in as far as I could effect this without much inconvenience to you in your present situa tions; and having done so, I do expect that the health and spirits of the children, their progress in the most useful branches of education, and ultimately your own pecuniary interests will be really and materially advanced by the change. It shall thus effect, by judicious arrangment, what with blame and punish ment I should never have attained. The lectures which I in tend for yourselves, shall be given to you first upon the out lines of general knowledge, that your minds may be properly prepared to understand others, which shall afterwards be de livered to you on geography, natural history, mechanics, che mistry, mineralogy, botany, domestic economy, manufactures, commerce and general history. The library will be ready for your use on Monday the Bth of March ; and it will afterwards be opened every evening, half an hour after your operations in the mills cease for the day, except on 'Wednesday, and on those evenings when lectures shall be given. I have to request, that those who with to make use of the Library, and those who de sire to attend the lectures, will . give in their names in the course of to-morrow to their respective superintendents in the mills, mechanical department, store and schools ; that they may be accommodated without confusion or disorder, and with the least inconvenience to themselves, and the parties who are to super intend these new arrangements. The Library will not be opened on Wednesday evenings, in order to give those indivi duals, lecture room for religious exercises. who may wish it, an opportunity of assembling in the COMMON COUNCIL, Yesterday, in pursuance of a requisition re ceived by the LORD MITOR, a Court of Common Counei was held at Guildhall, for the purpose of considering the pro priety of petitioning Parliament against the renewal of the Alien Act. The Lord Mayor of Dublin, Sir Edward Stanley, and two other Gentlemen of the Corporation of that City, were, at the instance of the LORD MAT OR, introduced, and took seats on the Aldermen's bench. Tll2 ALIEN ♦CT. The requisition having been read by order of the LOAD M•TOR, Mr. TAYLOR rose, and after a few preliminary observa tions, proceeded to state, that the question which he was about to bring forward derived no advantage from the circumstances under which it was introduced. It was no party question, for at present there was no party in the country ; there existed a general feeling that the present GoVernment evinced a disposi tion to attend to the wishes of the people. Neither did the question arise from popular effervescence. He brought it for ward merely on its own merits, from a conscientious conviction of the importance of the subject. Indeed, it was a matter of regret to him, that the subject had not excited a popular feel ing, in order that it might not appear that the people of this country, who were so ready to petition the Legislature against any measure which affected their own rights or interests, were cold and indifferent to what regarded the interests of others. It was said by some persons that there was no use in petition ing Parliament on this subject, for their (the Court's) petition would have no effect ; but he contended that the Petition of this Corporation was to be taken only as a contribution to the general public feeling i • and if the Ministers were the enlight ened and well-disposed individuals they were represented to be, they would be glad to receive every manifestation ofpublicopinion, which th©y had pledged themselves to attend to. The Alien Act, from its first introduction into this country, had always been re garded as art oppression, in rendering a man liable to be sent out of the country at the will of a Minister, after he had accu mulated wealth, or established himself in business here : and one of the Ministers themselves had expressed his objection to the measure, without a sufficient 'cause to justify It. Now the ground upon w hich it was adopted was the supposition that c:al'' ger was threatened to the constitution of this country, from, s th machinations of foreigners, at a time when the country was "' disaffected state ; but there was no disaffection in the country a present; and the cause of its original adoption having ceased to o f ist,why not discontinue a measure which was an infringemen t ()_ the constitution ? It was now about to expire an d therefore thi: was the fittest moment for the Court to raise their voices, and eal upon Ministers to discontinue a measure which they Nor a ' already half disposed to give up of themselves. The corpora' tion of Nottingham, a most enlightened and respectable bot had been beforehand with them in petitioning against ei ., ; . the second reading of the bill had been twice poStP°' l „„ . • in fact, they would come forward under a variety of ~,6 1 4 , cious circumstances at this particular period. As the '" tt . e cellor of the Exchequer had given satisf a ction to the c oo th try by endeavouring to restore its finances, so, he hope d ' a , e ,„ other Ministers of the Crown would give equal satisxe,a tion by mending the breaches of the constitution. It was , ! lll ,, that the power vested in Ministers by this act was but sP a r - r t ; ly exercised ; but that, so far from being an argume,n t ; ',h ou t favour, only went to prove that it was unnecessary. ry ' making any deep researches into the history of the count* every person who heard him would be aware of the great a d l; tages which it had derived from the reception of foreigners , had brought with them many useful arts and manufactures. The silk manufacture, for instance, which at pre s ent engage. do much attention, was introduced amongst us by those foreign en who sought refuge here, when flying from the b 10 0 7; persecutions of the Bourbons upon the revocation of the of Nantes. The woollen manufacture was also introduced vr o , o , ta this country by foreigners, natives of the Low Countries , ", had fled here from the persec u tions o f th e Sp an i a rds. 'r , ~,e,16 , settled at Norwich, Canterbury, and other places ; and l"""i of the most respectable inhabitants of London were descende'd from them. There were many n ames w hi c h th e Member,., ) , this Court would recollect as shedding lustre and cenfer , "l blessings on this country—Jortin, Dollond, Romilly, " others; and they were all descendants of refugees who have fallen victims to despotism had it not been for the institutions of this country which afforded them protection .-- The Alien Bill, Mr. Taylor continued, had been used as an - ar ' gument to justify the oppression of Englishmen by forelgi Governments, as in the case of Mr. Bowring, who was relesS' from prison in France by the spirited interference of Mr. CAT, ning. But it was argued, th a t it w a s n ecessar y to g ive the, e nisters of the Crown the power of complying with the Wish: o of Foreign Powers. This was, Mr. Taylor considered, id greatest condemnation ; and he hoped that the Court won', feel, instead of thinking that it ought to subserve to the 11.. 11 1 poses of the Holy Alliance, that that would be the stroniP'f argument against it. He would not trust himself to speak ( ° F . that confederation of sovereigns against the liberties of mankin • nor, indeed, had he words to express his abhorrence and de te :.; tation of them, some of whom had been restored to their thron es by the people of this country, and afterwards disappointed their hopes. He (Mr. T.) knew several foreigners from Ita 4 and various other countries, who expressed continual fears* that if they uttered a feeling of the slightest sympathy for the sufferings of their country, they would be sent out of the kingdom, and left at the mercy of those tyrants from 'AT, they had sought refuge here. Switzerland had formerly aff°, r ep ed them protection from persecution : they were lately &Iv o from that. Let them not now be driven from this last asYh t of liberty. There were many foreigners who were deterre,. by this Bill from coming here ; they dreaded that the powe r tv adinded would he executed against them, and therefore they remained exposed to the fangs of despotism ; and the cense': quence was, that some of them were now rotting in loaths onis dungeons. There were at present under the Government o f the Emperor of Austria, who had been styled a good sor t °- man," a number of Noblemen and others in dungeons, when: they had been immured for years; and he (Mr. Taylor) kn ew one man in particular, who was thrown into one of those „nr. geons for merely sending a remittance to his son here. worthy Member, after apologizing for the time he had tak e f up, concluded by moving resolutions, drawn up in the spirit o f his speech. Mr. FAVELL seconded the Resolutions. After complime nt? ing the worthy mover on the talent lie had displayed, he Pro' ceeded to argue, that we ought to open our arms to foreigner: instead of pursuing that system of espionnage and surveilblar o which was a disgrace to the Continent, and a degradation every Englishman who visited it. He trusted there would!"-; a united feeling against this odious Act ; and contended tha t i f would be unwise, now that we were taking off the dutisi, o , foreign merchandise, to retain a measure so offensive w reigners. He could not anticipate any reason for hesitatins moment to petition Parliament against it. O li n r. th w e E qt. L ie c s i t l io p n io b p e o in se g d p t ri o t r , Mr. JAMES spoke to or d er . had composed.—( Hear !) read a few verses which he hi giss it Mr. WELCH knew many men of ability to have quoted ° h e verses of others in this Court ; and did not see, therefore, he should not be at liberty to read his own. The LORD MAYOR said it would be quite unusual. f i g a young member would no t b e a ll owe d to rea d a written sPee:he still less written verses. Th e nex t thi ng th a t a M em ber na i g_„. claim would be the right o f sin g i ng a song t o -th e Coati ` (Hear, hear!) • Mr. WELCH said the foreign despots were fishing wi th er long line ; they were trying to catch John Bull by the 10': and if they succeeded they would throw him overboard. Mr. Jamas censured the strong language that had been „ plied to the Allied Sovereigns, which was wholly unwarran t ..., The invasion of Spain by the French was the means of If ) venting the dissemination of pernici ous principles--(LaughtT e a and was productive of much good.—(Laughter.)—He dea t ; io that the public feeling was adverse to the Bill. The only of and legitimate mode of ascertaining the opinion of the peoP le b. England was through the House of Commons.—( Great lang ter.) —One of the arguments urged against the messo rg : namely, that there wer e agen t s o f th ose d es p o t s w h o were hv,„, tile to the liberties of th e coun t r y amongs t us , was the stroll"; reason why this me asure s h ou ld b e continue d order that t e t might be removed f rom thi s coun t ry . Th e wort hy 14 10133 ,be proceeded to reply to the various objections ra i se d ag ainst • Bill, and concluded by opposing the Resolutions. lora Mr. PATTEN saw no nece ssity for the measure. Our were sufficient to protect us from the machinations of foreigaW Mr. SLADE re p ro b ate d t h e con d uct o f t h e H o l y Alli a nce, a 0 of the Bo ur b ons in part i cu l ar, w h o, h av i ng b een l a id prostra ni by Buonaparte , recovered by appealing to this people, Wi lt ? they had t rea t e d in return with the blackest ingratitude- be Members would lend themselves to the present measure t eit trusted, as we were on the eve of a general election, that t constituents would not forget it. Mr. TAYLOR having replied, Mr. Bu TTERWORTH rose, and after some discussion 013 tb a irregularity of speaking after the reply, he was allowed , a l f , e new member,. to proceed. He wished to explain his reason voting against the Resolution. This measure had been Pla c 'r o a in the hands of his Majesty's Ministers for wise purpose ft l e as they had not abused their trust, we ought not to wits our confidence from them. Mr. Alderman VENABLES said that the argument that th o : power had not been abused would go to support the aisle° of a Star Chamber. Mr. PRWTRESS said a few words in support of the resole ' tions. They were then put, and carried without a division. On the question being put, that a petition, founded op ti). resolutions, be presented to Parliament, be s r' Mr. Alderman TICOMPsoN , after some discussion on t • regularity . of re-opening the debate, made a few observa tin° against the motion: which, however, was carried. „sa be A petition was then read, which it was moved 'hew -- adopted by the Court as their petition. Several Members expressed their opinion on the question- ha The LORD MAYOR complained of the irregularity of 4 " re-opening the debate of the original question. Mr. CROIEXR was proceeding to argue against the motto when The LORD MAYOR again rose, and stated that the aror ) 4, member was out of order. If the rules of the Court WL . , to be violated in this way, it would breed endless c` ~.t fusion. He certainly did not now blame the cond ol -,4 those who had preceded him in that chair; for the ees", way to go through the office, and perhaps to secure a /": ,;, of thanks at the end of the year, was to allow metnbeLi: take their own course. However , would do his duty, M- less of the consequences. If the Caurt wished their prna, l ings to have any weight, they would abide bj their own ru` and the rules that governed debates every where. The petition was at length suffered to be put, and its Ao" tion agreed to. It was ordered to be presented to both houses of Parliatal e and the resolutions which had passed were directed to be lished in the usual papers. IPAXISH VOTE. Mr. JAMES gate notice of a motion, calling upon the std mittee to state more particularly how the 1,0001. voted in II of the Spaniards had been applied. CITY LIBRARY. $ Ol Notice was also given of a motion to erect a libsary reception of all documents connected with the city. COAL-MARKET, IClAacp 31. Ships at Market. ships sold 14, New castle . . 10 Sunderland - Prim ns 6d to 41 41 32i0d Po SOl_, Printed and Pabllshed for the PROPRIZTORS, lb{ tea NV' 034szn, 113, Strand, by J. 13. CARSTAIR7. th-, the ho, lie, tut tiii