The Sun. — London, England, 1842-05-03 00:00:00

.~ In a few days, in 3 vols. post Bvo. T HE COUNTESS OF I3LESSINGTON'S NEW WORK, "THE LOTTERY OF LIFE." Henry Colburn, publisher, 13, Great Marlborough.street. ROYAL SURREY THEATRE. Wonderful attraction, and matchless Stud of Horses. THIS EVENING. MAY 3, Will be presented Lord Byron's MAZEPPA ; OR, THE WILD HORSE OF THE DESERT, with Increased splendour, extensive auxiliary aid. and unapproachable effects. After which, in a more extensive and splendid Arena than ever before witnessed, NEW SCENES IN THE CIRCLE, introduc.ng Mr. B &TTY'S unrivalled Collection of Animals, consisting of nu merous and matchless Cream-coloured Horses, Andalusian Chargers, Spotted Coursers, Fairy Palfreys, and Pigmy Poneys, and 'the most talented Vaulters, Riders, Gymnastics, and Contortionists in the kingdom, with a gorgeous Entree , called the AMAZONS of the GOLDEN SUN and the KNIGHTS of the SILVER SPUR. To conclude with the Melodrama of ROBINSON CRUSOE; OR THE BOLD BUCCANEERS, with New Scenery, &c. THE INDIA SUN, CONTAINING A MAP AND FULL ACCOUNT OF AFFGHANISTAN AND THE THEATRE OF WAR IN INDIA, IS XOTV READY. TIT E WEATHER.—NooN, ..11AY 2. ROYA!. GALLERY OF SCIENCE, ADELAIDE-STREET. Thermometer .... 61 f highest 62 Lowest 45 Barometer 30.09.—Wind E. Hltii - i WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE THIS DAY. , rerning..... 42 minutes after 71 Evening .... 16 minutes after R. Alt Advertiiements of a Disgusting Character, or Immoral Tendency, are excluded from the Columns of " The Sun." , • . . ...' , • Y. • - ..- . . . , ; 4 . '''.7 7 . 1 .;!.. , - , :..grnu'r: -., -„, ,„.., ~... ~, ...77t.' , ..:Ahr t• t : ett .0/* LONDON TUESDAY MORNING. MAY 3, 1842. We consider that nearly every clause of the In come-tax Bill requires to be revised to make it in telligible; and that the whole Bill ought to be re-cast to enable the people to understand it. Our represen tatives take a different view, and they hurried through half the Bill last night, as if it had been a common Turnpike Act, instead of an Act depriving us of our property and our freedom. One of the great reasons for this hasty proceeding is the impatience of the people to have the tariff. Sir R. PEEL has most cun ningly announced certain alterations in the Customs duties, which have paralyzed trade till they are carried into effect. Hence the trading community are extremely anxious to have the tariff settled, and they are even illing to purchase its speedy settlement by submit tin.; to the Income-tax. By the most paltry br b 3 that ever was offered to a people the hi lbe of cattle, which will never be brought in, and of trade, which will never accrue from the measure, Sir H. PEEL has obtained a cheerful acquiescence in one of the most gross and bungling pieces of in justice that ever a' Minister perpetrated. That the nation has purchased PEEL'S tariff by an Income-tax will be a reproach to it in all time to come. Both Mr. LAnoucHERE and Lord JOHN :RUSSELL voted against Mr. ROEBUCK'S proposition to reduce the rate of the Income-tax on industrial incomes, be cause they would not impair that tax when it may be required for war. Sir ROBERT PEEL hag on several occasions made remarks in a similar spirit. He will exempt no class now, because no class should be exempted during war. Motives of that k ind ought to dictate to all these statesmen, who impose, this tax in peace—when no great pressure urges therm forward, and they have ample time to deliberate—to frame it throughout as equitably as possible, so that i t may be easily extended or applied during war to r aise any necessary sum with the least injury or injustice to the people. That is equally the duty of Lord JOIIN RUSSELL and Mr. LABOUCHERE as of Sir ROBERT PEEL; and looking at their conduct, not :Ls popular leaders—a character they seem inclined to )7eject with disdain—but as candidates for the Mini dry here after, we cannot comprehend their votes a gainst Mr. ROEBUCK'S motion. They were of opini( >t) that his motion would lessen the deformities of the tocx , making it, therefore; more proper during war, and yet they voted against it. Speaking of them as stal esmen— not as popular leaders—we do not understand their conduct. Prudent and provident politicians, aware he .w much our revenue depends on commerce, and Inn v exten sively our commerce may be interrupte d in war —for they : cannot expect, with the grow ing mari time power of the United States, to have the same command of the sea hereafter, as during ; the great French war—might take calm and wise • measures during peace to provide for the exigencies of war, and one of those measures might be a complete revision of our syStem of taxation, including a well-del ised In come-tax, against which neither classes no: 7 indivi duals should have any reason to complain. Unques tionably, such a tax must be the main resoure e in time of war, and, consequently, Sir:R. PEEL shottl d not, in peace, ,propose it, unless it be made tus just as possible. No other statesman should su ft ar such a tax to 'pass --if he would not wholly re list it— without puggesting and enforcing every imr ovement in it of which it Was susceptible. Upon th al tax the national credit, and even the national rode i ndence, may be ultimately based, and therefore pri ident and provident statesmen of all parties, imposir g it in a time of peace, should labour zealously to make it perfect. " .. ( onsidering ROEBUCK'S suggestion ;ts an im provement in the tax, we therefore cannot al 7 Tove of the condUct of the ,Ministers; hut, look ina at the tax under this huge aspect, it is a complete dis t 4 ace to Sir RoIIEUT PEEL'S Ministry. Instead of fat iming an almost perfect measure, he has taken Mr. 2 PITT'S plan, and tord LANSDoONE's plan, which those: s. tates men adopted in great haste, and under great p irecsure, when all the faculties of the people were abs( abe d in a great eon'test ; and, adopting its absurd se hedt des, he has introduced that measure into the pres mt P ar liament. He and his colleagues seem, they efc,re, to disdain the'light of knowledge, and to be con& !Tr t with acting in #w dark ignorance which always pr ev: Ails in a time of tiatnult. According' to Sir ROBERT PEEL'S Bill, he n lakes no distinction :between incomes which last for Ili e, or for a term Of i 'y:iiirs, and those which are perp e a ial ; none between t4,..i"nconaes which are the reseal t of property already- realised, and, therefore, as stabs as property itself, and those which depend on daily it vidual exertion, and are as uncertain as health ; a one between the incomes which the State confer s or guarantees---stich as the income of the land] or's, kept up by it Corn-law, or those it gives the 13ai *of England by its charter, and those which it neither con fers nor guarantees, but only taxes, such as those of '-.the merchant, and farther, and fishermen, who gain t he jr annual income by the daily sweat of their own brow , it dependent of any protection from the State. It m: Ike no distinction between casual incomes and thos which are definite and constant ; but, with a broad and a rude hand, condemns all income, without reference to its source or its nature, to pay the same rate to the State. This is rough injustice. In order to make such a tax available in war, all these points ought now to be considered ; and not to consider them is to be short-sighted.... It'L a Mere iiving from, hand-to-mouth statesmensitip, Worthy of GOULBURN, but unworthy of the reputation which PER:. lats gained, It is neither within the compass of our Journal, nor our inforrnation, to draw up an outline of a per fect income -tax, settling the payment of eVe t y class in proporti on t o i ts means—to the permanency-- those means, a r Fose (I means, and to th e i r source—in realized and n teed prop er t y , or in unprotected i n d ustry ; nt can, without an y h es i tat i on or doubt, say ) .we 4 that a thoughtful statesman would not have abrup tly re jected Mr. Romlactes amendment without a ppiy• n a• some more equitable principle, to Schedule D - than i prorosed by Sir R. PEEL. He leaves it una. than is all its original rudeness and deforrniti; and it s injus tice is so glaring that both the Times and tl le Herald condemn it in strong terms. A party feeli n might have prevented • Sir R. PEEL from re-consif ler g in that cause i a statelman-iike view of it woul, boge tated, we think, some observations to the following effect : I admit that this clause includes incomes of Va rious kinds, subject to various differences. There .ire, as my Right Hon. Friend the CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEOUER says, the incomes of an old esta blished banking-house, like that of the Messrs. COUTTS or HOARE, the profit in which is as certain and as easy of attainment as the rent of the Duke of BEDFORD'S or BUCKINGHAM'S estates; and there are the incomes of a physician and a barrister, every guinea of which depends on his own personal exertions. It in cludes the incomes of great brewers, like the Messrs. BARCLAY and PERKINS, and the yearly salaries of their head brewer, clerks, and foremen. It includes the vast proceeds of discount brokers, such as Mr. GUR NEY and Mr.OVEREND, who turn over a million a year, and gain 30.0001. or 40,0001. by the operation ; and it includes the weekly pittance of newspaper com positors, reporters, and editors. It includes the revenue of princely merchants like the Messrs. i BARING and ROTHSCHILD, and it includes the hard earned fees which are given for the daily and nightly labours of surgeons and apothecaries. It includes th e proceeds of manufactures, embracing the enormous incomes heaped up by a PEEL, an ARKWRIGHT, a RUNDELL, a GALT, a MARSHALL, a GRANT, or a GREG ; and it includes almost the humblest publican and retail trader. I must, therefore, admit that clause embraces incomes of very different characters, which ought not to be taxed to the same degree, nor on the same principle. While lam disposed to agree that the income derived from daily toil, or industrial incomes, should in some way be spared, I cannot assent to reducing the tax on those gigantic incomes which are embraced by this clause, and which the Hon. Member's amendment would rate at only 34-d. per pound. The Hon. Member has not comprehended apparently the extent of the Schedule I), which is a wide net with small meshes taking in the Levia thans of the monied world, and entangling the smallest fish which swim." "It strikes me that the income included in this clause may be divided into two classes. The first are incomes derived from capital actively employed in trade, and managed by its owner ; they consist chiefly of profit. The second are incomes exclusively derived from salaries, wages, and fees, of which profit forms no part. The persons who gain the latter, employ no capital, except that . which may have been vested in their education and talents, which kind of capital the persons who gain income . from the former source also possess. Many persons of both classes, such as hankers, master manufacturers, publicans, shop keepers, and apothecaries, are in the receipt both of profit from the capital they employ in their busi ness, arid of an income, which is in reality the salary of their professional skill. There may be some difficulty to distinguish between the former and the latter. It would be necessary to ascertain the capital a he employs, and allow him on that the average rate of interest ; the remainder of his income might be con iidered as his professional salary. He would have to report both classes to the Commissioners. This rule would apply to all trades ; and, having made this dis tinction, instead of lumping all kinds of trades, pro fessions, and vocations under one schedule, I will place the capitalists in a schedule along with the landlords, and I will tax them full 7d. in the pound, ,ma their profit, and I will levy a smaller per centage on all incomes derived from fees, salaries, and wages. For that portion of their income which is not profit, but the salary of professional skill, they shall pay a smaller per centage, I will not say whether it shall be the half, or 31d., as proposed by the Honourable Member for Bath ; the amount must be the subject for much consideration. I must go into the market, and ascertain the estimated value of incomes ; but I am quite clear that FEES, SA LARIES, and WAGES should not be subject to the same rate of taxation as PROFIT from capital or RENT of land, which is income realised without any trouble, and realised especially by the guarantee and protection of the State." A wise and thoughtful statesman would, we think, have made that distinction amongst others, and would have taken time to work it fairly out. Sir R. PEEL, by his exemption of all incomes less than 1501., ad mits that those who have not much should not be called on to pay; and, by a parity of reasoning, he admits that those who have something more than 1501., derived from uncertain wages, fees, or salaries, should not pay so much as men with 3,0001. or 4,0001. a-year, derived from capital, which income is as certain as rent, or as the annuities paid by the State. He will find, there fore, by that admission, and by not working it out fairly through all classes and descriptions of income, that he proposes to commit a gross injustice, and that his Income-tax, if passed in its present unlicked, unsci entific form, instead of being the sure basis of a great revenue for all kinds of exigencies, will be so hated that it will be thrown off, and his whole system of finance be tumbled to the ground. 'We do not advocate the tax ; we have only endeavoured to show on one point, what an imperfect, wretched, bungling contri vance it is, with regard to those objects which Sir R. PEEL, and that class of statesmen, seek to obtain. Mr. T. DUNCOMBE last night presented to the House of Commons the petition of those who have ranged themselves under the banner of the Charter. It bears the incredible number of 3,315,752 signa tures, all of the industrious classes, and is, we con sider, well worthy of the attention of politicians and of the public. We know a little of the classes who have signed the petition, and it is our solemn convic tion that they do not use such language, as " where representation is denied, taxation ought to be re sisted," without meaning to act on what they say whenever they find an opportunity favourable to their success. After making all reasonable reduction in the amount of the signatures, the number of petitioners will be so vast, and the language they use is so strong, that the circumstance must be regarded as most signi ficant of the state of the people. It is clear that they have lost all respect for the law ; they have some respect, but not much for the power of the ruling classes ; they have some dread of the police and the military, but these will, in the end, be found feeble substitutes for willing obedience and affection. Three million discontented petitioners, forming the very heart, bones, and muscles of the com munity, protesting against almost all our institu- tions, condemning the expense of the Monarchy, severely reprehending the wealth and avarice of our anti-Christian priesthood, arguing that the whole system of representation, and consequently of law-making, is unjust, is, we crave leave to state with all the earnestness in our power, a phenomenon un exampled in the history of mankind, and not to be dealt with by the ordinary rules of policy. This is one of those cases for which the " file affords no prece dent," and we earnestly implore her MAJESTY'S Mi nisters to look at it calmly and dispassionately. Hove . do they mean to govern this mass of men in spite of their own opinions ? How do they mean to coerce them ? How can they hope to enforce a law which the bulk of the community despise ? These are not trifling questions, nor are these trifling difficulties. They are not to be successfully grappled with by an income-tax and a tariff. The condition of England, in a much larger sense than Sir R. PEEL has chosen to take it up in, as exemplified by the opinions of the people, will force itself on the attention of the Go vernment. Lord ASHBURTON has arrived in the United States. His Lordship will find plenty to do in the accomplish ment of his mission to occupy him for several weeks. HoGAN, whose arrest and dismissal by the authorities at Lockport, on a charge of being concerned in the burning of the Caroline steamer, was noticed at the time, is again in custody. He ventured a second time into the United States, and was arrested upon old c!iarges at the suit )1 a rascally Sympathiser named quELLEiii. This troublesome affair must be disposed of before anything else can be thought of. Then there is the war between :Mexico and Texas, which will increase the difficulties about settling the Boundary Question. The rumour in New York was that the Mexicans invaded Texas in two bodies to the number of 21,000 men, and that they were marching towards San Antonio de Bexar, and Goliad, and Victoria. We would take a bet that the Mexican army is less than ore fourth of the strength abov.,., stated. We feel quite certain that the invading Mexican army is not 5,000 strong, and also that if it penetrates far into Texas not a tithe of it will ever return to Mexico. In the United States, the excitement in favour of the Texans is naruense. Munitions of war for the Texans were col lo,',ting at New Orleans, and crowds of Sympathisers were collating in the frontier States, ready to march to Galveston to the support of their friends. What we have now mos; to fear, is the annexation of Texas to the United States. That is what all the Sympathisers are looking forward to. The Railway Bill occupies the French Chamber of Deputies to the exclusion of everything else. On Thurs day and Friday the debates upon it - were very animated. but the subject is wholly without interest to English readers. The new Minister of Finance is exceedingly sanguine as to the inexhaustibility of the national re sources. lie is for commencing all the proposed lines without a moment's delay, and for carrying them on simultanbously with the fortifications of Paris. There is a good deal of miscellaneous news in the French Papers, of which all that is most interesting will be found either in our Foreign Summary, or the sub joined extracts. A circular has been addressed by the Director-General of Customs to the different Customs-houses in France, announcing that, as the Government of Russia and the United States have consented to exempt French vessels entering their ports by stress of weather, from payment of tonnage duty, there is to be reciprocity in favour of Russian and American vessels in French ports under similar circumstances, as is the ease with all the other countries which have consented to this reciprocal engage ment. The Carlsruhe Gazette has the following letter from Vienna, of April 2l :—" Several German journals, copying certain English and French papers, have repeated that the mission of M. Pageot, was for the purpose of negotiating a marriage be tween Queen Isabella 11. and a Prince of the house of Bavaria. If such was the object of M. Pageot's mission, he might have spared himself the trouble of coming here, fur the Northern Powers would never agree to a plan, the result of which would be to deprive the family of the Bourbons of the throne of Spain Gazette de France. THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY MORNING, MAY 3, 1842 , BO U RSE-PARIS, SATURDAY, APRIL 30. tint Highest Lowest Last Price Price. Pecs. Price. French S per Com, ll9 45 12'1 119 85 ... 119 95 4' per Caps lO7 50 11)7 50 107 50 107 50 4 per Cents. ...... 102 ... 102 102 ... 102 per Cants Bl 70 _. 81 75 ... 81 70 SI 75 sank of rranct. 14ltttte Sant: 5,004)) shares 5048 75 ...5048 75 —.5048 75 ...5044 75 tSeigian !Sank 1841 Belgian 5 per Cents. 5 per Cents., 1840 1t.5% ... 1051.6 105% .. 105% ip2nish Active 56 ... ... 2574 ... 25% Passive 5 ... 5 ... 474 4% Portuguese 5 per Cents. 124 224 ... 324 ... 324 Neapolitan Ftrman RAILWAY SHARES. Sit. Germain Versailleb. R. 1 L. 13 liouen 552 5(1 ... 550 25 ... 552 50 ... 556 25 , irle-to. .... Strasburg to Bale 926 75 ... 238 75 ... 237 50 ... t:',B 75 BELGIAN P UNDS—BitussaLi, APRIL 31) Actual Debt, 24. per Cent. Rothichatl's Loan, 5 per C-nt lO3 Loan of Thirty Million', 4 per Cent. 934 3per Cent. Thirty.seven 054.0) lOtg Loan of City, 1V32,4 per Cent. 95 Societyot Commerce,4Sper Cent B2 Bank of Belgium, 5 per Cent ............. 78 National Society Exchange on Londem (short) ...Brussels Papers, A pril:3o. HAMBURGH BORSENHALLE, APRIL 29. bills. Money. Austrian 5 per Cents. Bank Shares 1715 1710 Anglo-Russian Loan lle% 1;0% Russian 5 per Cent., Ist series, Certificate lOl Inscription, Ist series Russian 5 per Cent. Hope and Co., 3d and 4th Series Ditto in Certificates New 4 per Cent. (1840) 9 ,1 90k, Dutch Actual Debt, 2% per Cent sl7i 51% Ditto 5 per Cent. Polish Bonds 155 New Tickets Anglo-Danish Loan, 3 per Coat. Spanish, New 5 p , .r Cents. EXCHANGES ON LONDON. HAMBIJRGH, A PRIL 10IA , Two months 13 8%. PETERSBURG, APRIL 18.—Three months, 38 pence. RIGA, APRIL 23. -Three Months, 38 7-32. STOCKHOLM, APRIL 22. Seventy-flve days, 12 15. VIENNA, 'iPRIL 21.—Three months. 9. 41pt. PRUSSIAN FUNDS..BERLIN, Amt. 26. Bills. Money. St. Schuld Sch., 4 per cent. Inl y Prussian English Bonds, mo, 4 per cent. It'3 102% Enchange on London Prussian State Gazette, April 27. THE BRAZIL TR ADE.—A Liverpool merchant has transmitted to us an official report of the amount and estimated value of British goods imported into the Brazils during the years 1840 and 1841, which points out the vast importance of the trade to this country. The value of the goods is estimated at six millions sterling, and most of the imports had greatly increased since 1840. The following are a few of the returns for 1841 :—Ale and Porter, 16,333 barrels ; Butter, 17,169 firkins ; Codfish, 36,240 tubs ; Coals, 13,925 tons ; Cotton goods, 24,968 packages ; Soap, 37,404 boxes ; Hardware, 3,801 packages, and about eighty other articles of British ma nufacture. Our Correspondent justly says, " There is food for our legislators, who will soon be called upon to decide whether we can afford to lose a trade of such magnitude, for the want of a little more recipro city, and in carrying on which the country is not bur dened with the cost of a standing army, or subject to any of the drawbacks of colonial ' possessions.' " - - MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS CITY, MONDAY EVENING. There is not a feature to notice in the mercantile af fairs of the City to-day; the Bank and Stock-Exchange being closed, and business in the Colonial markets not commencing until to-morrow. The private letters by the last arrival from America are of a more encouraging description than those by the , steamers. It would appear that a far healthier state of business is gradually approaching, and that the neces sity of adopting some measure fur the restoration of na tional credit is universally admitted. The general feel ing appeared to be that a comprehensive method should be taken, whereby not only the deficiency now existing should be met, but that it ought to be such as should leave an amount sufficient to meet future claims, and provide a contingent fund. The conduct of the States of Indiana, Illinois, and Mississippi, al though seriously injuring their creditors, had worked some general good, by creating a jealousy on the part of the other, and of the United States, that they, and the Federal Government, should not be supposed to partici pate in similar notions ; hence the necessity for direct taxation was admitted, and the loan system denounced as being bad in principle. Business was better, and the Bank discounted bills drawn for legitimate purposes more freely ; but these letters, generally, discourage the idea of consignments under existing circumstances. (From The Sun of Last Night.) This being a holiday at the Bank and Stock Exchange, no business was going on in the Money Market, and Monday never being a day of business in the Colonial Market there is no feature to notice. The foreign arrivals are ♦ery numerous from almost all qu'arters, but in consequence of the long prevailing easterly wind, almost every date has been anticipated. Intelligence from New York ten days later than those which were previously received, has some to hand, hut nothing is known beyond what appears in another part of the paper, the commercial letters not having been delivered. Livzitroot COTTON MARKET, APRIL 30.—The market was very dull on Saturday, the sales amounting to 3,000 bales, including 100 on speculation, and 500 for export ; prices re main the same. LIVERPOOL SHARE MARKET, APRIL 30.—We have had an improvement during the past week in Shares generally, with a tendency to higher prices for most of the good lines. Since the meeting of the South Western Railway Company there has been a good demand for their newly created shares at 3 and 3i premium. The demand has; continued to-day, and 4 prem. has been pail Eastern Counties are also in fair request. MANCHESTER STOCK EXCHANGE, APRIL 30.—We have had a good demand for Shares to-day, and the market con tinues very firm. Edinburgh and Glasgow, 543 ; North 111id land, 67 1 ,1 2 ; Sheffield and Manchester, 33 1 4 ; South Eastern and Dover, 313. COVENT GARDLN—THEATRE. GERMAN OPERA. The German Opera season commenced last evening, at Covent Garden Theatre, under the able auspices of Mr. Bunn. The piece chosen for the opening was Weber's magnificent opera of Der Freischutz. Herr Eichberger, primo tenore to the King of Prussia, made his first appearance before an English audience, in the character of Max (the Rhodolph of the English version). Herr Eichberger possesses a good person and an expressive countenance. His voice is a pure tenor of great sweetness, but rather deficient in power. This defect of power, however, is more than compensated for by the tenderness, the expressiveness, and the flexibility of his intonations, and as Herr Eichberger is an accom plished musician, his scientific knowledge enables hiw to prevent his deficiency of power from becoming too ap parent, In his great scena in the first act, nothing could exceed the beauty with which he gave the more level passages of the melody. Al though he had scarcely power of voice sufficient to do justice to the bravura passages in an area so vast as that of Covent -garden, he was much and deservedly ap plauded. Staudigl was the Caspar. Staudigl has lost none of his immense volume of voice since he left us. He is the Lablache of Germany, and his Caspar is by far the most spirited and powerful representation of that character that has ever yet been given. He gave the drink ing song with a gusto that completely carried away his au ditory. lie was of course obliged to repeat it, and, had he attended to the calls of the audience, he would have sung it a third time. With the exception of the Huntsmen's Chorus, this was the only encore of the evening. Madame Stoeckel Heinefetter was advertised for the part of Agathe. In consequence, however, of her severe indisposition, Madame Schodel undertook the part at a short notice, and performed it excellently. Her opening scene in the second act was truly magnificent, and nothing but its extreme length, and the consequent fear of fittiguing Madam Schodel too much, prevented a call for its repetition. She was loudly and most judiciously applauded, arid in a matter that must have been highly gratifying to her ; because it showed that her efliwts were praperly appreciated by her audience. Fraulein Gned made her first appearance in this country, in the little character of Annchen. This young lady is quite a German beauty. She has an intelligent, expressive countenance, a clear and powerful voice, and acts with great spirit. In the soubrette parts of comic opera we should imagine she must be first-rate. The choruses were got up with all that precision and attention to minutiae for which the Germans are so cele brated ; and the mise en scene was worthy of Covent garden. The orchestra a, presided over by Herr Lachner, musical director to the Grand Duke of Baden, and con ducted by Herr Ganz, kapellmeister to the Duke of Hesse Darmstadt, was full and complete, and did full justice to the overture, the masterpiece of Weber. It was evidently a labour of love with all concerned, and never have we had this superb overture mdre expres sively or more admirably given. It was indeed a treat to hear such an overture performed by such an orches tra. At the conclusion of the opera, " God save the Queen" was sung, the solo parts being sustained by Ma dame Schodel, Herr Stataiigl, and Herr Eichberger. The performances were well and fashionably attended. Ge: 'he ineral Steam Navigation Company's vessel the Giraffe, from Rotterdam, arrived off the Custura•housv on Sunday, with the Dutch mail. PilE AND Vtptnton. " Who runs way read." FOREIGN. The illoniteur Universel announces that her Royal High ness the Duchess of Nemours was happily confin don Thursday evening, at seven o'clock, at the Palace of Neuilly, of a Prince, who, according to the King's orders, will bear the title of the Count d'Eu. The Journal des Debuts says—" On Thursday, the `39th ult., the Duke and Duchess of Nemours went to take up their residence at Neuilly. During the day her Royal Highness was taken with the pains of labour. The Queen im mediately went from the Tuileries to Neuilly, and the King arrived there at six o'clock. All the Royal Family assembled. After the confieement the King and Family returned to the Tuileries. The Chancellor (Baron Pasquier ) and the Grand Reterendary of the Chamber of Peers ( the Duke Decazes), were alo present at Neuilly as witnesses." The King of the French has now seven grandchildren, the Counts of Paris and Chartres (sons of the Duke of Orleans), the Count of Eu, Prince Philippe, son of Prince Frederick and the Princes Leopold and Philippe and Princess Maria of Belgium (the children of King Leopold and the Princess Louisa of Orleans). The National has the following significant remarks on the projected marriage of the Queen of Spain:—" Whatever may be the views hereafter of the French Government, the mar riage of the Queen of Spain is a question which the press cannot refrain from noticing. If the situation of the Regent he considered, it will be easy to comprehend that he is not in any great haste to give a husband to his sovereign. Espartero knows his position perfectly well. In a thousand possible hypo_ theses, he needs an entire liberty of action, and therefore it is not likely that he will add voluntarily to his embarrassments. If the Queen of Spain should ever receive a husband from him, it may be considered certain tint Espartero will not bestow him until the very last extremity. The French Go vernment has therefore two years before it. Let it, in the menitirne, put itself in a p os i t i on to exerc i se a l egitimate in fluence over an event so interesting to France, and every one will commend it. But let it beware of employing means which may tend directly to prevent its object." The Courrier Francais treats the same question as fol lows:—" France has no pretension to rule it over Spain, but that she has the right to oppose that it should be placed under the distatorship of a foreign Prince by a Government without force and without nationality. The respect which England would exhibit for the independence of the Spanish people may be judged of by the oppressive influence she exercises over Portugal. If France allowed it, the Barons of the English aristocracy would soon have reduced Spain to the same condi tion. It is to prevent Spain becoming a colony and fief of Eng land that the French Government combats the possibility of the marriage of Queen Isabella 11. with a foreign Prince. The powerless artillery of the English press will not turn France from this object. It is already too much that England possesses Gibraltar en th e S pan i s h coast ; i t is our duty to see that British influence is not all powerful at Madrid." The remains of M. Humann, late Minister of Finance, were on Saturday morning removed in great state to the church of the Madeleine, and the first sacred service was performed in that magnificent edifice, The pall was supported by Marshal Soult ( War), Admiral Duperre (Marine), M. Martin du Nord (Justice), and M. Guizot (Foreign Affairs). The chief mourners were M. Humann, the son, and the Viscount Gerim nay, son-in-law of the deceased. The Archbishop of Paris delivered the funeral service. No speeches were made. Ge neral Heymes, whose death was prematurely announced the other day, died on Saturday. He was the favourite Aide-de- Camp of Louis Philippe. The Quotidienne gives the following :—" In the midst of his press of business M. Humann never forgot his Christian duties. Every morning, before commencing the labours of his department, he read a portion of a German prayer-book. On the day of his decease the mark in this book showed that he had been meditating on death, and on the necessity of prepar ing for it." The Toulonnais, of April 26, says that the Ocean, a three decker, the flag-ship of Admiral Hugon, Commander-in-Chief of the squadron in the Mediterranean, the Souverain, also a three-decker, the Marengo, the Hercule, and the Alger, have received orders to take in three months' provisions, and to pre. pare for their departure.—The same Journal announces that the marines embarked on board the corvettes Boussole and Ex peditive were destined for New Zealand, and that the French station in that district is to he reinforced arid commanded by a Captain in the Navy. It also states that an order had arrived to tit out a corvette of war and a transport vessel to reinforce that station. A letter from Vienna, in the Gazette of Upper Germany, says that the railroads are to be urged on as much as possible. Fifty-six engineers, forming eight sections, had set out for the North and South, to lay down the lines from Vienna to the Saxon frontier and to Trieste. Two moi.ths will, it is said, suffice for the completion of these preparatory labours, and the works are to commence in August. The idea of employing soldiers is said to be abandoned. It is calculated that the Vienna and Trieste Railroad will be completed in six years. PARLIAMENTARY. Lord Denman stated last night that finding there were serious objections to Bills giving relief to only one class of her Majesty's subjects, he mea n t to i n t ro d uce , i nstea d o f t h e Bap tists' Affirmation Bill, a general measure on the subject of oaths. Lord Brougham moved that their Lordships should send a message to the other House for a copy of the Reports of the Sudbury and Ipswich Election Committees, and backed his motion by a speech denouncing with much vehemence the general bribery and corruption which prevailed at the late elections. His Lordship spoke in no favourable terms of the present law for settling controverted elections, and of the Election Committees. He dwelt, too, with much emphasis on the fact, that nine out of ten of the decisions of those Com mittees had been in accordance with the political sentiments, arid favourable to the political party, of the Chairman of the Committee. The Lord Chancellor informed the Noble and Learned Lord that he had inquired into the consequence of the motion, and his Noble Friend would understand him, when hobinted that it would be of no avail to press it. Viscount Canterbury also deprecated the motion, and said that the Commons would no doubt return a most courteous answer, that they would send an answer by messengers of their own ; but however long the session might last, the Commons would never find time to send up any other answer on the subject. Lord Brougham, protesting against their Lordships not having that information which was necessary for them to legis late, withdrew his motion. Their Lordships transacted some other, but routine business. The first event in the Commons was Mr. T. Duncombe presenting the petition of the working classes, which, from its vast bulk, occupied a conspicuous place in the House. It was ordered to be printed, with a view of bringing it under the consideration of the House. _ In reply to Mr. Wallace, the Secretary of the Admiralty, Mr. S. Herbert, stated that the Admiralty had taken the stations of the West India Mail Packets into consideration, with a view of improving the communication with the West Indies. In reply to Mr. Hawes, Sir R. Inglis reiterated his determi nation to bring forward a motion to extend the Church. The House went into Committee on the Income-tax Bill at an early hour, when a few observations were made pro and con, on the advantages of speedily getting to a discussion on the Tariff, and on those who had delayed the discussion. Mr. Hume said the delay was making trade worse than ever. Mr. Labouchere said Sir Robert Peel might have brought forward his Tariff before the Income-tax. In answer to Mr. B. Wood, Sir Robert Peel would positively accede to his proposition to allow a set-off for losses on one trade against the gains on another, en the ground that it would lead to fraud, but the discussion on the subject will take place hereafter. The Committee proceeded with the Bill till a late hour. Mr. Hume wished that only the income accruing after the sth of April should be subject to the tax, but was defeated by 159 to 84. Mr. F. T. Baring was desirous to exempt foreigners who have money in the Funds from the tax, as they have been exempt from all former Income -taxes, and made a good speech in support of his motion, but lost it by 163. The House resumed, - and shortly afterwards, at Twoo'Clock, adjourned. puilLIC OPINION. The Times, referring to Mr. Roebuck's amendment on the Income-tax, says :—" The unfairness of the Bill is palpably, as Sir Robert Peel put it, that it does not take into account the duration as well as the amount of the incomes which it taxes. This injustice Mr. Roebuck does not distinctly negative; but he does this—finding that all persons to be taxe 1 are arranged under several sehedules, one of which embraces no incomes of an absolutely permanent character, and very many of a more precarious nature than can be at all found in the other sche dules, he proposes at once to exempt this schedule, and this schedule only, from one-half (the fairness of the proportion we do not here discuss) of the impost, as a rough approxima tion to justice. An approximation it would be, but one of an unlucky character. Instead of being what it ought to be, a remission of a certair. amount of taxation inequitably imposed, it takes the shape in Mr. Roebuck's hands of a concession to certain particular interests." The Herald says:—" Mr. Roebuck's expedient would not, if adopted, have relieved trade, profession, and mental labour, from the odious inquiries of the tax assessor and commis , ioners; but the removal of some portion of the grievance where the inquisitorial powers will be greatest, and their results most oppressive, would have withdrawn a little of the bitterness from the most nauseous draught that has been offered to the middle classes since the war. No man in the House of Commons de- 1 nied that Schedule D would inflict a monstrous injustice on all who will be driven by the exposure of their affairs into its grasp. No one could deny that Mr. Roebuck's amendment would mitigate that injustice; but that amendment was re jected because other acts of injustice would also be thereby lessened. There might have been something in this excuse had there been any equality in the injustice to be perpetrated by all the schedules; but the excess of injustice to be inflicted by Schedule D is so much greater than the combined injustice of all the rest, that this excus e is a contemptible piece of special pleading." The Post has the following remarks:--" The proposition to tax incomes derived from trades and professions at only half the rate of incomes derived ho rn roperty, was supported by a respect a bl e minority, and yet then upport was much less than many may have expected from the zeal with which some Con servative Journals have maintained the same views as those brought forward by Mr. Reebuck. And it is to be remarked, too, that the debate upon this occasion—including the speeches against the Government prop osa l, a s well as those in its favour—was unusually able. The arguments brought forward, and the temper in which they were brought forward, made the discussion of so dry a subject highly interesting, and showed that in some c ases , a t all events, we have no reason to be ashamed of our present House of Commons, including the Opposition." We quote the following from the Chronicle: —" At last Sir Robert Pell has been beaten! And by whom ? What worthy and sufficient cause has dissolved the union of his ad herents and combined f r i en d s and foes i nto a ma j or i ty against him ; Is it the pressure of the Income-tax ? is it the par tiality of his mode of applying free trade so as to ruin the hum bler monopolists, while he leaves the greater unscathed? Or is it a general indignation against the deceit by which he ac quired power ? He has been beaten by his own party, even when supported by almost all those of his habitual opponents who chanced to be in the house when this unexpected division took place at an unusual hour. Anil the cause which has led to this sudden insurrection of the Tories against their leader was nothing but the irrepressible desire of the bulk of the party to shield the agents of their corrupt practices, and throw obstacles in the way of discovering truth in a particular ease. Banded in a cause so dear to them, Tories could not be ex pected to listen even to Sir Robert Peel ; and for daring to oppose corruption in a Parliament of his own collecting, the Minister has paid the penalty of being outvoted." The Leeds Times, in advising various reformatory measures in our legislation, remarks :—" We, call our country a free country ; and yet not more than one human being in thirty. in Great Britain, has any political existence. The great mass of the people are compelled to obey laws to which they have never givers their consent. The non-represented classes are ruled by the repreSented classes. They are taxed without their consent; and taxation, as has been declared by Lord Camden, is a tyranny of the very worst kind." The present condition of the country is thus viewed by the Liverpool Journal:__" It is a painful and unparalleled spec- tacle, at this season of the year, to behold, in every part of the kingdom,.sigus of stagnation, torpor, and despsir. It is idle to lay the blame on the delay of the tariff. The passing of that measure can do little for us. The fall in the price of food is fully anticipated, but there is more reason to fear a rise in the price of wheat, and a further import, than any beneficial change." MONEY—TRADE —cozainzac.E. To-day is fixed for the adjourned meeting, under the fiat issued azainst the Messrs. Wigney. The examination is expected to la-t two days. At Bradford and Huddersfield trade during the past week has been limited; at Halifax, Holmfirth, Leicester, and Leeds, dull ; at Manchester and Oldham, stationary; Rochdale is weekly growing worse. The stock of bullion in the Bank has been gradually on the increase since the beginning of last year. In January 1841 it only 3,557,0001., while according to the last return it was, on the 231 of April, 6,590,0001. . - At the anniversary meeting of the Royal Society of Litera ture, the report read stated the income of the past year to have been 874/ 11s. 3d., leaving, after all expenditure, a balance of 1241. 3s. 6d. Lord Colborne was chosen Vice-President in the room of the Duke of Sutherland. PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS. New barracks are about to be formed in the Tower ; the moat, it is sad, is to be filled up, surveys having been for some making for the purpose._ ELECTIONEERING. The writ for the Brighton election has been received; Thursday next is fixed for the nomination, and Friday for the polling. The announcement at Blackburn, on Thursday, of Mr. Turner's defeat, in his petition against the return of Mr. Homer, led- to a disturbance. The windows of Mr. flornby's Com mittee-room were demolished by the work-people, and on the appearance of the military, Mr. Astley, a stationer, aged 52, lost his life. NAVAL AND MILITARY. Lieut. Moody, Governor of the Falkland Islands, with the detachment of Royal Sappers and Miners under his charge, reached their destination on the 15th of January last. MAW AND POLICE. Richard Edwards, who has strangled his mother at Merthyr- Tydvil, was committed on Friday to take his trial at the next Glamorganshire Assizes. The boy Smith, aged 14, accused of the murder of an unfor tunate girl at Liverpool on Thursday, was arrested on Saturday. FINE ARTS. A monument on Woolwich-common is about to be erected to the memory of the late Sir Alexander Dickson, G. C.B. ; 1,000/. has already been subscribed. A monument is about to be erected at Malaga to the memory of General Torrejos, and the forty-eight victims sacrificed by Ferdinand VII. It is to be built on the spot where the melan choly execution took place. LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC. Camden, the celebrated antiquarian, was born yesterday, iu 1551. Sir Charles Bell, the eminent practitioner, author of many valuable works, and especially the Bridgwater treatise on the hand, died on Thursday last, at Hatton-park, near Worcester. He was the fourth son of the Rev. Mr. Bell of Edinburgh, and Professor of Surgery in the University of that place. Sir Charles was knighted in 1831. The sixth day's sale of the Strawberry-hill books on Satur • day, produced 1,6231. A letter of Oliver Cromwell's, addressed to his wife, " Elizabeth Cromwell," on the day following his victory over the Royalists at Dunbar, sold for 21 guineas. COMAT — M.SHIONABLE. The Duke of Northumberland left town on Saturday, for Sion House. The Duchess of Northumberland is expected to remain a fortnight longer at Sion House. Viscount and Viscountess Beresford gave a dinner in Ca vendish-square on Saturday, to the Lord Primate of Ireland, the Marquis of Waterford, &c. The Earl and Countess of Chesterfield returned to town from Newmarket on Friday. His Excellency the French Ambassador, gave a banquet at Manchester House last evening, in celebration of the fete-day of Louis Philippe. The Earl of Bandon is, we understand, to be appointed Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of the county of Cork, in place of the late Earl of Shannon. The Earl of Minto has arrived at Farrance's Hotel, Belgrave street, for the season. MISCELLANEOUS. The rural custom of electing the handsomest in the village for a May Queen, is still practised in some parts of Spain. Among the characters which will be assumed in the Royal Masque, Prince George of Cambridge is spoken of as enacting Gaston Ile Foix, who, at the age o f 24, died at the battle of Ravenna. The Princess Augusta represents Claude de France, the daughter cf Louis the Twelfth ; and the Earl of Cardigan the Chevalier Bayard. The accounts from Tipperary are still very unfavourable. The Nenagh Guardian contains a list of ten outrages charac terised by various features of atrocity. COURT CIRCULAR. Her Majesty the Queen Dowager. accompanied by his Serene Highness the Duchess Ida of Saxe Weimar, and attended by the Viscountess Barrington, visited her Majesty yesterday at Buckingham Pal ace . The Queen t oo k an airing yesterday afternoon in an open carriage and four. His Royal Highness Prince Albert rode out on horseback, attended by Colonel Wylde. The Royal dinner party at Buckingham Palace yes terday evening included her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent ; Count de Pollon, the Sardinian Minister ; Count de Reventlow, the Danish Minister, and the Countess de Reventlow; Baron de Hugel, the Wurternberg Minister; the Duchess of Buccleuch, Duke and Duchess of Roxburgh, Lady Anne Maria Dawson, Earl and Countess of Lincoln, Viscount and Viscountess Pollington, Bishop of Peterborough and Miss Davy s, Colonel the Hon. Dawson Darner, and Sir George Cowper, Bart. The Band of the Ist Life Guards were in attendance at the Palace during the evening. Mr. Baxter had the honour yesterday of submitting to her Majesty and Prince Albert his Picture of the Coro nation, painted in oil colours, and an Outline of the Bap • tism of the Prince of Wales, with which her Majesty and his Royal Highness were pleased to express their appro bation. The Queen Dowager, accompanied by her Serene Highness the Duchess Ida of Saxe Weimar, visited their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Gloucester, at Glouces ter House, and the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, at Cambridge House. The Duchess of Kent, attended by Lady Anna Maria Dawson, left town yesterday forenoon, for Claremont. Her Royal Highness returned to her residence, Clarence House, in the afternoon. The Duchess of Kent visited the Queen Dowager, end the Duchess Ida of Saxe Weimar, on Sunday evening. A Cabinet Council was held at two o'clock yesterday afternoon, at the Foreign Office. It was attended by most of the Ministers. The Council sat two hours. General Bell had an interview with Lord Stanley, yesterday, at the Colonial -office. The Committee on Education of the Lords of her Ma jesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, held a meeting yesterday afternoon, at the Council-office. Despatches from the Governor of the Cape of Good Hope, and from the Governor of Gibraltar, were received yesterday at the Colonial-office. MUSIC. THE NATIONAL PSALMIST. By Charles Danvers Hackett. consisting of Original Psalm and Hymn Tunes, Chants, Responses, Anthems, 6.c. London: Sitnpkin, Marshall, and Co. Mr. Hackett has made an admirable selection of Psalm Tunes. The fine old melodies of London, New St. Mary's, Windsor, with the Old Hun dredth and Luther's Hymn, are beautifully pre served with the original harmonies. The original tunes need little comment; it is sufficient to read over the list of names to see that a host of talent has been pressed into the service. This is the good old church style of music we wish to see in general use in our churches. Hampton, by Dr. Wesley, is a perfect gem ; so much beauty in so short a space is sel dom attained, but we will not attempt to particula rize—where all is good, it is difficult to determine which is best. The tunes composed by Mr. Hackett are quiet and devotional, and, with one exception, well harmonized. We wish, however, he had been rather more particular in the doming cadences, and not have made the leading note so frequently descend. The voice parts are free from this error, and are well arranged. " The tunes commonty known as the Old Hun dredth, the Old EightyArst, and Luther's Hymn,' may be cited as specimens. Handel was an admirer of Luther's tunes, and strenuously asserted the Old Hundredth to be his. It is remarkable, however, that the melody of this tune i s assigned to the Hundred and Thirty-fourth Psalm, in all the Lutheran and Calvinian copies. The old Eighty-first, whether Lu ther's or an imitation, is a tune of surpassing fluency and sweetness. Luther's Hymn,' as it is customa rily called, is a truly nol melody ; but the words adapted to it are, as to r3rthin and poetry, disgrace fully doggerel.—(' Great God, what do I see and hear.') The author is de strrvedly apocryphal. Nei ther Lutherans nor Mora vians acknowledge the pro duction." We sincerely hope ths t this work may induce others to follow the author's example of giving the Psalms in score, and that it may be the means of ex pelling that monotonous and ineffectual custom in our churches of singing in unison. It is much to be regretted that so many of our Protestant members are induced to assist in the service of the Roman Catholic church. It is a fact that three-fourths of the singers who go regularly through the masses of Haydn and Mozart on Sundays in these establish.. ments are Protestants. To conclude, we must sriy it is our decided opinion, that if organists were alio\ red to introduce this sort of music to be sung bycompete. at persons,into our churches, they would perform their Ntrt with more feeling and propriety, and instead of tile tuneless roar of the cha rity children, to the utter destruction of all devotional feeling in the congregation, we should have the per formance of our church ser'iice rescued from the list less ceremony into which has fallen. FIRE AT LEWES.—Abou t half-past two on Monday morning, a fire broke out at tb printing-office of the Sussex Advertiser. This is one of .the oldest Sussex papers, having been established in the year 17%45, since which time it has re mained in the same fainily. No cause can be given for the origin of the tire. Mr. Frederi ck Lee, one of the proprietors. was the last person in the oSce, and put out his candle, but having forgotten his spectaelt s, he returned in the dark to obtain them, when all appeared quite safe, although it is clearly proved that the fire commen cc d at this spot The whole of the type, printing presses, stamps, paper, &c., are destroyed, in fact, not a vestige was say , od, and the damage estimated at nearly 7,000/. Air. Lee !s i soured in the Sun-office, to the extent of 1,300/. Mr. Browi sing, the spirit merchant, has also sustained a loss to the exl:ent of 2001. Mr. Baxter, the proprietor of the Sussex Ea :press came forward in the most handsome manner and tendered every assistance to Mr. Lee. which will enable him to bring out the Sussex Advertiser as u,ual this evening. DEATH OF GEN'BRAL SCOTT.—This distinguished veteran, who was the oldest officer in the British army, died yesterday, at his residence, Alalleney House. He was in the 97th year of his age, having been born in the eventful:l74l, and appeared to be in Iris usual health on the day preceding his death, which was nstite sudden.--Edinburgh vanar_ AMERICAN NEWS! LATER FROM UNITED STATES. LIVERPOOL, MONDAY MORNING. We have this morning received a few New York and Boston papers of a later date than previously brought here by a passenger, by the Independence, which sailed from New York, on the 9th April, and brings papers of that date, being wind-bound in the Channel. The gentleman who brought these papers, has been landed at a port in Ireland, and arrived here this morning. Lord Ashburton was duly installed in his resi dence at Washington, on the 4th, called upon the Secretary of State on the sth, arid Was presented to the President on the 6th. He was in'good health and spirits,and attended both Houses orCongress afterwards. The examination of Hogan, who had been seized a second time in the - United States 'territory, at Roches ter, had terminated, at the end of five days, in his dis missal, on the insufficiency of the warrant, and he would be sent across the border as soon as possible. The Texians were promised the assistance of Yutucan, in their contest with the Mexicans. General Moore, had sailed from Campeachy, and the Yutucans were fitting out vessels to attack Mexico. Buenos Ayres news is to the 9th of March. A battle had taken place between the Monte Videans and Buenos Ayreans in the interior, and the former had been victorious. NINE DAYS LATER FROM THE UNITED STATES. We have received by express New York papers of the 10th of April, being nine days later than those received by the Columbia. These papers are brought by the In dependence packet-ship, Captain Holdridge. The Inde pendence sailed on the 10th, and brought nineteen pas sengers, thirteen of whom were taken by the Bristol steamer from Cork when the Independence was off Wa terford. Amongst the passengers is Washington Irving, just appointed American Minister to Madrid. We learn by a paragraph in one of the papers which we have received, that Lord Ashburton had arrived at Washington. Fronil2exas there is no news of a decided character. Three or four " sympathising" Meetings had been held. and " strong" resolutions passed in favour of supporting the Texians. The following paragraphs contain all upon this subject that we find in the papers that have reacued us :- • (From the New York Herald of the 10th. ) We are happy to announce that the difficulty between the French Minister, Hon. Al. Saligny, and our Government, has been amicably and satisfactorily arranged, and that Mons. Sa lim will return to Texas either by the next steam-packet from New Orleans, or by one of the French vessels of war, which are expected to visit our coast, for the protection of the interests of Frenchmen in case of Alexican invasion. A United States sloop of war has been ordered to Galveston from Pensacola for the protection of American citizens and pro perty in case of Mexican invasion, and will probably be here in a few days. News WAS brought to town a day or two since, that a party of the French emigrants who have lately settled near Aransas Bay, have captured a Mexican vessel having 350 muskets on board, 4,0001b5. of powder, 30 barrels of flour, some sugar and coffee, and 3,000 dols. in specie. ( From the New York Intelligeweer.) Galveston dates have been received at New Orleans to the 28th ultimo. The most important item of intelligence is a proclamation of President Houston, declaring all the ports of Mexico on the Gulf to be in a state of blockade, and forbidding neutral vessels to trade therewith, after having received notice of the blockade, under the penalty prescribed by the law of nations. 'I he decree is to take effect within twenty days as to any port in the United States north of the Gulf of Mexico, and in forty-five days as to vessels coming from any port in Europe. The advices from Galveston contradict - the rumour of a Mexican invasion, and there seems now little doubt that the party which attacked Antonia was a mere marauding expedi tion. The Texans, however, were still in motion, pushing their preparations with a view to this . - invasion of Mexico. General Somerville was invested witirthe command of the main body of the Texian army, and was under warching orders for some point beyond the Rio Grande. The only news that had been received from the aimed- fleet fitted out by the citizens of Galveston was, that they had sot yet found the enemy, but were determined to cci i ntinue their search to Metamoras, if they could not sooner get a fight. It was the general opinion that Metamoras would be the first point of attack. BUENOS AYRES AND MONTE VIDEO.—We are indebted to Captain Adams for papers from Buenos Ayres to the sth of February. and from Monte Video to the 9th. The war be tween these two Republics stiU continues. Their two fleets had repaired damages and were lying in their respective ports. On land military operations continued in the province of Corrientes. Captain Adams represents the state. of the market in both places for exports, as well as imports, to be very unfavourable, and that there is little prospect of improvement in them until the war is ended, which prevents all trade with the upper provinces. Correspondence of the Courier and Enquirer.) PHILADELPHIA, APRIL 8, 5 P.m.—Beyond th, sales of 4,300 dubs., Philadelphia City s's 1858 at 96, and 5,000 dols., ditto s's 1846 at 95, and 4,000 dols. Cincinnati Bonds 6's 1865 at 56, there was very little done; United States Bank closed at 2{ to 3; North American Bank 155 bid ;' Pennsyl vania 50 bid ; Philadelphia 33 bid ; - Camden and Amboy RR. 70 asked; Wilmington RR. 9i to 10; Girard Bank notes sold at 59 discount; United States Bask notes 65 to 70; 6 per Cent. Treasury Notes 2 1 / to 3% per cent. ; exchange on New York and Roston to j per cent. discount. The ,honey Market continues somewhat tight, but not so much so as it was on the close of March or the early part of the present month. The banks are doing a little in the way of discount, and the heavy payments of the 'month have been overcome pretty much. A man by the name of Reiff, residing in Kensington, com mitted suicide yesterday, by throwing himself into the river Delaware. BALTIMORE, FRIDAY, 9 A.M.—..There is not a word of news by the Western papers. The tariff meeting in this city last evening was a very large one. The rotunda of the Exchange not being large enough to hold them, the meeting adjourned to the' Exchange-place. Judge James Harwood presided, and 15 Vibe -Presidents as tasted. The officers were eoually divided 'between the two parties. The resolutions adopted will b e f ound in the papers sent with this. Andrew Stewart, of Philadelphia, addressed the meeting, and Judge Wilkins, of Philadelphia, was' expected also io speak, but for some unexplained canoe, did not. B. H. Richard son, one of our Loco Delegates in the Legislature, made a thorough tariff speech. Altogether the meeting was a decided demonstration in favour of a tariff, and proved there was little difference of opinion in this city among men of all parties. The hull of the steam-boat SouteCaroliria, divested of all her machiney and her copper sheathing, was sold at public auc tion on Wednesday for 300 dollars. Cheap enough, if the pur chaser can make any use of her—if not, it is dear enough. Exchan,ge on New York and Philadelphia, par ; on Boston, disc. ; Virginia Bank Notes, ti disc. ; Railroad orders, 41 to 43 disc. ( From the New York Herald.) A fair amount of business was transacted at the Stock Ex change this morning, and a better feeling was manifested ; nearly every description advanced. New York State 53 per Cents. improved I per cent. ; Delaware and Hudson, ; Canton and Co. of Baltimore, ; Mohawk, /3 ; H ar l em , g ; Bank of Commerce (full), I ; Ditto (Script), 1 per cent. ; Indiana Bonds declined We have it not in our powet to notice any improvements in business generally. The great depression in prices have com pelled many manufacturers to stop entirely, and almost all ar ticles of import continue selling at a serious loss. The Loan Bill is strongly opposed by the Loco Foco Members of the Senate, and if they succeed in delaying its passage much longer, the government will not be prepared to meet the trea sury notes falling dae. These have been in 'demand for the payment of duties at 1 to 13 per cent. discount, for amounts of 1,000 dols. and 50 dols., and 3 to 1 per cent. for those of 100 dols. and 50 dols. Money is scarce among the brokers, bet there is little demand for the merchants. The rate of discount in the street is from-12 to 15 per cent. There has been a fair demand for sterling Exchanges, and the market closed firm at our quotations. On France and other continental cities the transactions have been limited—so much so, that it is almost difficult to give quotations., The business in inland Exchanges throughout the week has -been moderate ; the supply of bills is riot large, but sufficient to meet the demand. There is but little alteration in rates. We have no foreign demand for specie. 'Considerable quan tities are drawn fr., in the banks for Philadelph,a, but that makes no changes here, and every description remains at par. - BRAZIL. (FRODI A CORRESPONDENT.) Letters have been received from Bahia, to the 28th February, containing some interesting notice of the oc currence related in the newspapers, received by packet, last week, from Rio de Janeiro, to the 22d of same month, and approving of the proceedings of the Imperial Government, which, it is stated, had procured for it such confidence, and gained such bold on the public opinion, as no Government has enjoyed in Brazils since the abdication of Don Pedro the First. The case is thus described :—Each province in the Empire has its own legislative and representative as • sembly, with authority to make laws sanctioned by the President, wits regard to its internal government, or provincial affairs—but not in respect of matters con cerning the empire at large, which are reserved exclu sively to the cognizance of the General Legislative Assembly. In the last Session of that Assembly two laws were passed and sanctioned by the Emperor, the one creating a Council of State, a kind of Privy Council, for the purpose of holding a wholesome check on the Ministers for the time being, and the other a " Reform of the Criminal Code." Both those measures had become extremely necessary, and the Go vernment could not be carried on well without them ; they were adopted after most mature and able discus sions, for which purpose the sittings of the two Chambers had been prolonged for two month s b e y on d t h e or di nary period for their cosing. There is not a man of property, nor any one having a stake in the country, but approves highly of those two laws ; and the foreign residents in Brazils, in particular, are quite delighted with . the reform in the criminal code; but it is singular enough 'to observe, that the very men (though few) who now con demn both these measures, were most clamorous for them, and earnestly supported them, in the expectation, it appears now, of being selected for members of the Council. Disappointed in this respect on raurning to their own province, St. Paulo, they set to work, and, in order to produce a commotion, as members of the Pro rill cial Legislature, got up an address from that Assembly direct to the Emperor, couched in disrespectful language, inveighing bitterly against the Mi n i sters, designating them traitors an d wat not, and praying his Imperiall Majesty, of his own anthority, to annul those laws which he had so recently sanctioned and promulgated. The Constitution admits of no direct communication from the Provincial Assemblies to the Emperor, but re quires that all such, relating to matters not strictly pro vincial, must be made through the medium of the Presi dent of the respective provinces for the time being. This they refused to abide by, and sent a deputation, consist ing of three of their own members to lido de Janeiro, to present their address to the Emperor personally. In the meantime the Council of State had been named, and the Government had _thereby gained great ad —. tditional stremicrth Thav arontvli ntrlir ;ar,laa hr.-1 furnished with a copy of the Address ly fit deputy C. n, which being complie I with, it v. a; declare to be out of all character, hide( oi.i ILF , whollf miconsCtutional, violent, an d disresre_nful to the Monarch, offensive to the Minisby, and sub• versive of public order, and as such returned; and its presentation being refused, the Deputation there upon returned to St. Paulo, breathing reveng,, and threatening t o s p rea d di sor d er throughout the - provinces, vi et armis." The Government, however, took the precaution to send a steamer to St. Paulo, explaining the whole pro ceedings, and issued a circular calling on all the,Presi dents of the provinces, and enjoining them hence forward not to allow any such departure- from or tampering with the Constitution, and moreover, suspended the Municipal Corporations of several towns which had, through intrigue or misrepre sentation, been induced to follow the example of the provincial assembly of St. Paulo. These prompt and decisive steps had the desired effect of entirely dissi pating the threatened storm, and the dep u t a ti on , on t h e ir return to St. Paulo, with the concoctors of the scheme, the Andrades and - Vergeseiros, became objects of ridi cule, since their conduct was universally ascribed to dis appointed ambition. Every thing, it appears, remained perfectly quiet, and the greatest tranquillity prevailed throughout not only St. Paulo, but all the other pro vinces to the northward, whatever a few discontented and disconcerted indiViduals may wish " to- make believe " to the contrary. Indeed, the public spirit and patriotism was never better or greater. Whilst to the southward, the leader of the Rio Grande rebels, Benzo Gonzalver, has recently had a very narrow- - es cape of being taken, or killed, in a renconter with a de tachment of Imperialists, having had 60 'men killed, and leaving several prisoners behind him, in which the rebels have been beaten, according to the Rio newspapers, and confirmed by the Bahia letters. They are in a very dis organized state, being much discouraged by repeated-de feats, and even d esert i ons , w hil st the Imperial troops are in high spirits. With regard to the finances, the writer of thuletter observes that he cannot see any difficulty to be appre hended whilst capitalists can .be found who would be glad to contract for a loan, perhapa to a large amount, at 70 per cent., and whilst " Exchequer Bills" are freely taken, and he concludes with expressing his' opinion that a new era had commenced in the prospects of the empire, from the additional firmness the Government had acquired by the nomination of the Council of State, above referred to, and by which a degree, of moral strength had been gained, never before experienced' in that country. , 1 FINE ARTS. ROYAL ACADEVY EXHIBITIOX. ;:" The seventy-fourth Exhibition of the Royal Academy opened yesterday; an immense crowd waited with eager ness the opening of the doors, and. the rooms were speedily thronged-, so much so, indeed, - ,that it was with difficulty we could • elbow our way threugh the close wedged mass. The Exhibition contains several striking pictures, some few of first-rate merit, and many of a.very inferior character. - Aniong the exhibitors, we are glad to find Landseer, Maclise, Pickersgill, Collins, Lee, and seve ral other popular painters. We will just enumerate a few of the pictures that most struck us, on a necessarily-hasty glance.—No. 62, The Play Scene in liarnlet, is from the pencil of Maclise. It is a showy, imposing productiqn, and exhibits some of the worst faults,' as Well; 'aS the greatest excellencies, of this clever artist. The -ceneeti tion as a whole is good, but the execution s in same places is feeble, and in others exaggerated. The countenance of Hamlet, who is reclining on • the ground, attentively watching the countenances of the King and Queen, is too violent and passionate in expression, and that of the King is quite a caricature. There are some rich effects of colouring, and some judicious group . - ing in, w hat may be called, the back-ground of the pic ture, but we should have been glad to have seen a little more repose of manner. However, despite its defects, the work is an animated one, and will be sure to find munerops admirers. No. 63, Portrait of the Queen, by Partridge, is too chalky in its flesh tints ; b u t th e rich, lustrous, satin drapery is very effectively painted. No. 118, POr. trait of toe Right Hon. -the-Speaker, is Sir. Martin Archer Shee's .qitietest and, soberekt.. manner-. A • little ~ more vie•'our of colouring would no t have been amist- No. 141, Ziva, a badger dog belonging to the Prince of Saxe Cobourg, is more like life itself than an imitatioma of it. lt is one of L an d seer ' s h app i est prod uctioni... No. 166, An Italian Landscape, is not unlike the glowing, poetical style of Cl au d e . Th e details. are wrought, up with uncommon care. Callcott is the -painter, of this sterling, gem. No. 171, Portrait of Prince Albert, - - is a creditable likeness, but there is a little toomuch stiff- • ness about the figure, and the eyes are deficient in that softness which characterises the original. -It is in the lower part of the face that the semblance is most easily to be traced. No. 182,1; Snow Storm--Steam-boat off a Harbour's Mouth", one of Turner's extraordinary freaks. What" he means by it, it is impossible to say, for never was there so utterly unintelligible a performance. No. 201, The Battle of Prestonpans is one of Allan's clever, animated works. The figure of the wounded Col. Gardiner,. who represented in the act of falling back on his rearing and't. alarmed horse, is excellent. No. 220, The Chapel of j the Convent of St. Catherine, is in Roberts's most truthfdl. • chaste, and forcible style of colouring. The mellowed light, glimmering in at the. stained window, and lighting up portions of the chapel,_produces some,striking effectfr- No. 229, A Contest qf . the Lyre and th e Pi pe , i n t h e Trdi" ley of Tempe, is a truly poetical conception,.by Danby- No. 230, Portrait of Dr. Barclay, is a sober, grac eful piece of colouring by Air. Irvine. There are numerous other deserving paintings, a notice of which we must reserve to another opportunity. In the Sculpture-room we were greatly pleased with an admirable bust of Sir William+ Follett, by E. B. Stephens, a sculptor of much promise. --- - ROYAL ADELAIDE GALLERY. . .' CLAUDIT'S DAGUERROTYPE. 1 The gentleman who c o nd uc t s th e p rocess, o f painting ' with the real rays of the sun himself, instead of •., • "camel's hair" at the Adelaide Gallery, shows very good taste in retaining the name of the profound and' ingerii- i ous man to whom the world is indebted for the invert. ' tion ; although Mr. Claudit has made some valuably improvements, which we have no doubt will lead to the . complete perfection of this wonderful and most interest ing art. It was a bold conception to search for means . throUgh which the image of an object upon the plane of ~ the camera obscure should be permanently fixed, and - - retained as if it had been traced by the graver, or stamped into the metal by the steam press of the Mint. What the effect will be upon painting and painters, it is ~,, not easy to conjecture, noris it very pleasant to speculate. ,-,k The great resource of struggling genius in that branch ': of the fine arts, has been in all ages the ministering tJ the vanity of the rich, by transferring their images - to -• canvas and to paper. This occupation of the artist is, we suspect, nearly gone for ever. No one will sit and yawn from day to day for weeks, and months, and years, „IR in the studio of Bothwell or Robertson, in the doubtful j oi p hope of seeing a guessabk likeness of him or herself ;0 1 upon a kit-hat or an inch of ivory ; when, in half a i i , second— literally half a s e co nd— or so small s; :: • space of time as admits only of musical . ;•,' l ` mea surement, the father of all th e M uses , t h e autho.449, of a ll th e A r t s , th e great Phoebus himself, *ill Y , -," , strike a portrait, exact to the minutest trait, faith- •,..' ; ,i ful to the very life, and as expressive . r ,, as if the soul -,,, passed into the pi c t ure , w i t h t h e lineaments of thte i ,e, human face divine— o f ' w hi c h a ll t h e divinity, is pre . te, served. A sketch of the process may not be unacceptep, able to some of our rea d ers . Th e d i scovery of- ISO :' ,4- * * Daguerre, consi s ted of th e means o f fi x i ng permanefitlf, . ., ~ upon a plate of sil ver , an i mage f orme d i n the camera ~ ''' ~ obscure. The silver, having been chemically cleaned' and accurately polished, is placed over a vessel contain ing iodine, the vapour of which is diffused over ita , .siirl , face. The greatest nicety and taste is necessary to secure the equal diffusion of the vapour over the whole .- " ir surface, and in a certain exact quantity, as the least ? JO; deficiency or excess would frustrate the • experiment. - •-• du ; Thus prepared, th e p l ate i s p l aced in the focus of the -'.,,,0160, camera, where it receives the light reflected from the 's' object of which the image is required. This part of the ,e,v7, 0 process occupies, a s we h ave sa id , an inconceivably short ,', r t ,oi time, and if the obj ec t b e a portra i t . the most transients c,io•o expression pas-ing o ver th e f ace so rapidly as scarcely' ! ' " to be seen, it is fixed upon the plate with the force a • ' truth of life. No effort of the pencil, in the hand of otif • • master that ever did or ever will live, could make ail approach to such an effort. It is to be observed, how , . ever, that, upon first withdrawing the plate from the boxi fr i: n no effect of the light upon -it i s perceptible, end • faintestthe o isclose chamber, to be observed. the erc H u o r3 However, 00, a state , • beoitng exposed in a e of vapour, in a heat of 180 degrees Fahrenheit, the picture is formed. In this process M. Claudit has , , ',,, made some i m p ortant c h anges, the exact nature of which _p we, of course, are not acquainted with. But the result •t . is that he p ro d uces p i ctures, h av i ng t h e genera l appear- ance of drawings in S e pi a , b u t on close inspection, an d in -y:,,, a particular light, th e flesh tints are to be perc e i ve d , as. ~,'l, ' clear, rich, and warm, as they are seen i n t h e life. ett A Hence we are induced to believe, that M. Cl aud i t is ap- - proaching the point of perfection, and that he will be able • i, , to produce portraits with not only the lineaments and ,0 4 . character, but with the colour of the original in greater '; ;'r;;• ~ frt shness and truth than any p ro d uct i on of the easel. i As we are on the s u bj ect o f t h e Adelaide Gallery, we "`,.,) t ' may observe that th ere h as b een recently a change in i 4 ;i= the management, which is now in the hands of Mr. - ,; -r. Jones, him se lf a man of science and an able lee- :: .7). turer. his lectures on the voice of man and animals are il- ~ . 1 lustrated by the German Siffleur, Herr Joel, who posseses .-.. - '. n ; '''-' a wonderful facility of imitating all sorts of voices and :- ,-•.,,,''..., sounds, discordant or melodious. Several of the courses .'t 4 ..,, ; 1,.." of lectures are proceeding daily and nightly: The rif f .. - 0 sweet prodigy the Infant Sappho is retained, and Clarke'o ' , c i . e:ii Dissolving Views, being often varied, continue, us they -, , ,100 0 , 0 deserve, a gr ea t attraction. A pass i ng wor d may be be- ~ 4 , 14 , stowed upon the M ag i c i an C ran b roo k. w h ose feats-:- ;, 14 ,g4iy, abate our wond er a t th e exp l o i ts o f Herr. Dobler. .‘ 0' 4 7 ,0 ) _ The Commerce says :—" The number o f l arFe P l ,l l barracks, for both infantry and cavalry, which are to be ill- tt l ` , l stantly commenced within tl.e line of the continuous wall, is six. They will bo built against the principal bastions, and ~ protected on the city side by a ditch. There are to be three ti on the right bank of the river, and three on the left ; those on' the right bank will be situated as follows :—one on the Plaine du Tombeau, near the Batignolles ; another near the Bond Point, on the ro id from La Chapelle to :tit. Denis ; and a third at the entrenchments of the Pont de Flandres, to the north of :A ;; ' 1 La Villette. The three barracks on the left bank of the river will be situated thus :—one opposite the Barriere de Fontaine- . . bleau, on the hill of Ivry ; another behind the Observatory, to ' the left of the Paris and Orleans road ; the third at Vaugi- - rard." Two speeches of Lord Howick, one on the Corn law Bill, and the other on the Financial measures of the Go- ''F,%6 vernment, corrected by his Lordship, have been very genecally circulated in Northumberland. They are dedicated to the farmers, and, in a short notice prefixed, the Noble Lord con- trasts the professions of Lord Ossulston and Mr. Creswell with the opinions delivered by himself; and after adverting to the new Corn Act, the Tariff, and the Income-tax sigatileiuktly hs3 r l 1 edi lio eau left: ti* are Eciys traie ow ; w e / eet alive knot bil maid 'Was lnoni Cha i St 'Was The iNe „, 11 4 11 e th e r' I )t r ra %,tb Q ' k