The Sun. — London, England, 1842-12-01 00:00:00

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A All present concur in allowi%r e t i b t at the con was alto ttits:mtniral Kwan in this . eng- g tt t• ts'''rihy of his station : bts though perhaps and armed than the others, was the most l a iitt • . g - ' ll , fil l!s - in ailned the midst of the encounter, and after ttlghed, daredrp cut ot slipped his cable, he 4I Yle i ttld engaged her • Majesty' shi in handsome t 4 t "'"h s nently the destru s cti4ansvi'ers o f f ro a m n I, u Kira,after thret. quarters Atr' s forced e n"Rinnent, to retire in disti ess. t ci ht i ! 3l l;.,4l IN.-21.1,1pOitl.:tield to the Governorship h three provmc the 23d of May, t 4 .13 officer, -earl • ' L . t u' h i p l'l si ga. m ary powers of a 1 4(r eial Commissioner, was sent do‘ i sn i E n i l l ' t i a .h s e h e ' QGovernment to rni m t an instant stop to the t l 4 train e, which hid grown to an unprincipled on e_x . - s Att tt t Canton, althotili thl British Minister had his 144 1 Z " 11 as the Chinese Government on theirs, both lvas k iitou itm i t. , The Iligh Commissioner's approach L 'f this ilt' , c l , (l ,„°32 the declaration in regard to the abolition h7Nilt i n it:11110m trade that, " though the axe should tc y et wo _ 'lll ' 418 ha ", the boat should sink from beneath 41 P1s t „Lid he not stay his etterts until the work was 4 1 4 t h a i gh l e ,4" his arrival at Canton was preceded by the_ °f a native opium smuggler, and he surpassed k h teti s i . s e '',is the most formidable apprehensions tht.t had. "oe. e ell c( 1 . lie demanded every particle of opium on to be delivered to be burned and destroyed, 4,?°°flSigned that t- traffic should be altogether th e 'h e ll e p • - oned Captain Elliot and litts-471• tu'rei‘ieatie r l e e s'cl u elt r s is till all his demands were " 4 41 i,?, complied In ' two subsequent events of b c lttairi e 411(1 murder, he attempted to behave in an 'c.o ft l i Y ; itrbitrary inan ' ner, but the steadiness of the g . -xB4l (3°Mmissioner kept him in cheek. 'Mandarin, the friend of Lord -Jiff' --I( 'Y, rose amon - the Chinese Ministers' to the 11 - 1 / 4 0 1 117 a*tttarttbiT "he empire, but being accused of ted the drought then prevailing to the . 14 -h srch's wish to visit , tig-g " To utter sucl n i said the Emperor " before the thing soke . 4-14 ed -'l) '" , ', and thereby to agitate the minds . of . all, he N , e ,„,; a great breach of the duties of Prime Mituste!, r;o ore degraded and sent into Mongt d d! l _ l c, 0 the declared that Sung Was the el ht of t his t and country; his im„j esty , in a rescript., i tells order;l,llster that he talks nonsense and scandal, and It t 111 to be punished for his presumption. r, 4ll ith tsc '''Ait --This ministerial star is now in about its at icl may be considered the Melbourne of the detrat Cabinet : he has risen into favour, after being hc,.etl,for advising the Emperor to shave neither head tt ti titt47, r u . , l for the space of a hundred days after the .4 1 Pmp • I L *bold, intriguing per . seems • sp ed Once broke into the Imperial harem, •and de "l.s daughter from it ; at another time abruptly forced his way into the presence of the Emperor, to talk about some mourning suits : he is now father-in-law to the Monarch, and the most powerful man in the empire. ENGLISH COMMISSIONERS, OFFICERS, AND OTHERS, APPOINTED BY GO VERNMENT TO ACT IN CHINA: LORD NAPIER. The Right Hon. William John Napier, of Merehis toun, ninth Lord Napier, Baronet of Nova Scotia 1627, Captain in the Royal Navy, and principal Superinten dent of the British trade with China, was born at Kin sale, in Ireland, Oct. 13, 1786. In December, 1833, he received from the King a commission, appointing him principal Superintendent of the trade and interests of the British nation in China. H's Lordship's instructions appear to have been in very general terms, they are to be found in the Canton Register of Aug. 19, 1834 : " We do require and enjoin you to watch over and. protect the interest lof our subjects resident at and re sorting to the empire of China, for the purposes of trade ; and to offer them all such advice, information, and as sistance, as it may be in your power to give, with the view to the safe and successful conduct of their commer cial transactions ; and to the utmost of your ability to protect them in the peaceable prosecution of all lawful enterprises ; and, by the exertion of your utmost in fluence and authority, to adjust by arbitration there wpe be per suasion all disputes in which our subjects may er engaged with one another." His Lordship had under his command two frigates, the Imogene and Andromache, but it does not appear that any special service in China had been assigned to th e se ships of war by the Home his Authorities,beyorl the safe conveyance of his Lordship,family, and suite to the scene of his official destination, and it may be presumed the defence of his person, and of those whom he was sent to protect. according ciii).nrboo.cteoe proceeded orders Chie na, charged byl6hrml.if?rto.dm Napier,Goi.ern new system of intercourse between J charged under the Royal CommisstihoensutowienettrsoodfucGertehaet Britain day in andthtehsee ofMacao-roads. a t c lr o . rCelestialoads. i Empire, arrived on the above Notice of his Lordship's arrival was immediately sent , a to the Hong merchants at Canton, which who issued them forth w ith t o Lou, the Governor of Canton , issued instru c ti ons , dated the 21st of July , that his Lord ship,h should continue at Macao, and if he ranted to come to Canton, inform the merchants that they might pre viously petition the Governor, who would send the pea- tion by post-conveyance to Pekin, adding, " all must re spectively wait till the mandate of th e Great Emperor has been received—then orders will be issued to require obedience." His Lordship, however, was impatient at having to wait in conformity with Imperial mandates. The distance of Pekin from Canton makes it a postage of at least 11 days, and the return would have occupied 11 more ; to which must have been added whatever time his Imperial Majesty might have thought fit to require for deliberation respecting the manner in which he should regulate the intercourse his Lordship had been sent to superintend. This delay, to a man of his Lordship's temperament, was insupportable, and ac cordingly waiving all ceremony, and dispensing with the honours of a public entry, his Lordship first appointed his coadjutors, and particularly the late Dr. Morrison, to conduct his correspondence with the Chinese ; and then accompanied by them, betook himself to his boat, late in the day of the 24th July, and after encountering a stormy and rainy night on the Canton river, landed on the morning of the 25th, at the factory at Canton, a building which has been allotted by the Chinese for the temporary residence of the English merchants. This re markable debut acquired for his Lordship the honour of being reported to the Chinese local authorities b ,' the servants of the Custom-house, as a' Barbarian Eye, who with three other English devils, had clandestinely stolen into Canton ; and, according to report, his subsequent appearance, parading the wharf arm-in-arm with two offensive Europeans, in a rough sailor's jacket, not at all tended to exalt him in tho eyes of the Chinese, who are well-known to attach high importance to appropriate dresses on public functionaries. Correspondence on this score then took place between_the English and Chinese, manifesting pugnacity and defiance and little more. " The Chinese nation," said Governor Loo, " has its laws, it is so everywhere. Even England has its laws. How much more the Celestial Empire ! How flaming bright are its great laws and ordinances," &c. His Lordship was then. through the Hong merchants admonished that he had violated those flaming bright' laws, and was re quired by way of atonement to return to Macao, and there to await a regular permission to go to Canton. This he refused to do, and said nothing but fixed bayonets should drive him from the factory. The Hong merchants, hereupon, considering that they had some interest in the settlement of all disputes between their nation and ours, and in the peaceful management of a hitherto profitable trade, invited the English at Canton to a conference i n th e C onsoo h a ll, b u t i n thi s hi s Lord ship forestalled them, by inviting a public meeting of those merchants an earlier hour on the same day, in the Chamber of Commerce. At that meeting the pro posal of the Hong merchants was read and rejected, and the consequence was th a t th e t ra d e was stopped. . Lord Napier now thre a t ene d t o ' anc h or before Canton with his ships of war. After long discussions with the subordinate authorities of Canton, his Lordship was at last compelled to re-embark for Macao, on the 21st in bad health, vexed by the post ure o f a ff a i rs, and in a ' sort oFcustody, the vessel in which he travelled being surrounded by Chinese junks, with mandarins and musi cians on board, who kept up a perpetual clamour with their gongs, to bis great annoyance. Soon after his ar rival in Macao, on the 27th of September, he fell a vic tim to fever, dying there on the 21st of October. H e was buried, at his own request, by the side of his late Chinese Secretary, Dr. Morrison. Lord Napier's visit to China was not unattended with bloodshed. The fri gates were called up, and fired on the Chinese forts ; the Chinese returned the fire not without effect, and there was slaughter on both sides, but most on the Chinese. Having expelled the Barbarian Eye, the Chinese re opened their trade, but at the same time commanding all British ships of war to quit the Chinese seas. COLONE4 CATHCARL--ThiB officer was sent from England, in 1788, in the Vestal frigate, as Ambassador topassage ou t, i n the Straits of to the mi ss i on for a time, entireh o n s the to p and the frigate returned, to Engl an d. Thi s measure was, however, carried out on a larger scale in 1792, China. Sunda, put ilis an deat when, in conformity with the proposal of Mr. Dundas, Lord Macartney's embassy was constituted and sent out. The tomb of Colonel Cathcart is still marked by a handsome monument, visible from the anchorage of ships at Angier Point. CLAVELL, CAPTAIN JOAN.—Commissioned for the East India station in the Orlando, Aug. 17, 1815. In October following sailed for Canton with a quantity of specie on board, and the Hon. East India Company's ship Thomas Grenville, under her protection. About the end of 1818, being in want of repair, she returned home with Captain Clavell, in September, 1819. HALL, CAPTAIN BASIL—This officer son of Sir James Hall, Bart., of Dunglass, commanded the Lyra, a 10 gun brig, attached to the Amherst expedition and, on his return home, in 1817, published his account of the " Loo-Choo Islands." CAPTAIN MAXWELL.—This officer accompanied the Amherst mission, when he commanded the Alceste fri gate, and maintained the dignity. of the British flag, when, on being fired upon by the junks and the forts at the river's mouth, on their passage to Canton, silencing the junks with a single shot, while one broadside suf ficed to send the garrison of the fort scampering up the side of the hill, down which that defence is somewhat preposterously built. The effect of Captain Maxwell's decisive conduct on this occasion was evinced in the short space of a day, by the arrival of all sorts of provisions to the Alceste, and an acknowledgment that the firing at the entrance of the river was an affair of saluting. CAPTAIN BLACKWOOD, LATE LORD DUFFERIN.ThiS officer was actively engaged at the time of Lord Napier's commission with his ship in the Chinese sea, and con veyed his Lordship safely under the fire of the batteries of the Bocce. Tigris and Tiger island fort in the ship Imogene, to the anchorage aeWhampoa. MR. JOHN ROBERT M O RRISON.—SOII of the cele brated Dr. Morrison, the present secretary to the super intendents at Canton. He was born at Canton, by the Doctor's first wife, Miss Mary . Morton, in April, 1814. A sister of his, Rebecca Morrison, had been born the year before, and a son in 1811, who died an infant. REV. Ma. MILNE.—This gentleman long co-operated with Dr. Morrison. He had been sent out by the London Missionary Society, and with his friend the late lamented Doctor, he maintained a constant and cordial friendship. Part of Dr. Morrison's version of the Books of the Old Testament was translated by him when he had become Dr. Milne. Leang-a-fa, a native Chinese, who had been converted to the Christian faith by Dr. Mil ne , ass i ste d in passing the work through the press. DR. MoRRISON.—The Rev. R. Morrison, DD., so known to the British and Chinese hemispheres for his works, labours, and talents, died on the Ist of August, 1834, at his lodging in the Danish Hong at Canton, in his 53d year. Dr. Morrison's father was Mr. James Morrison, Of Perthshire, at first a husbandman, and afterwards a bootmaker. He was a pious man, and an elder of the Scots Church. Robert, the subject of this notice, and the eminent Chinese scholar, was horn at Morpeth, January 5, 1782. He was taught reading and writing at Newcastle by a respectable schoolmaster, and afterwards became apprentice to his father. Under the tuition of the Rev. W. Lawler, minister of a Presbyterian meeting-house, he afterwards acquired an elementary acquaintance with the Latin, Greek, Hebrew, some systematic theology, and the art of writing short-hand. On the death of his mother he was received as a student into the dissenting academy at Hoxton, near London, and on the 28th of May, 1805, placed himself under the pa tronage of the London Missionary Society, who sent him to their seminary at Gosport, to be educated for that ser vice. He returned to London in the summer of 1806, and having chosen China as the field of his missionary labours, he, the better to qualify himself for them, ob tained the assistance, as a preceptor, of a young Chinese, named Yong-Sam-Tae, by whose assi s tan ce , an d w ith the practice he acquired in forming th e Chi nese charac ter by transcribing a Chinese M.S. o f th e f our G os p e l s in the British Museum, and by copying part of an old Chinese and Latin dictionary, the property of the Royal Society, he made considerable progress in qualifying himself fir his undertaking, and in addition to his know ledge of the Chinese language, he gained some acquaint ance with surgery and medicine. Thus qualified, on the Bth of January, 1807, he was formally set apart, or ordained according to Scottish practice, to the work of a Christian missionary among the Chinese, and on the 31st he embarked for China, via America, and landed at Canton in September 1807. On Mr. Morrison's arrival at that place, he was accom modated with lodging in the factory of the American agents, Messrs. Milner and Bull, where ke assumed the Chinese habiliments, but relinquished them on finding them not liked. The first sixteen months of his resi dence were attended by many privations and difficulties: he spent the day with his Chinese teacher, studyin g , eating, and sleeping is a room under ground. At the close of 1808, he informed the Secretary of the Mis sionary Society that he had completed his grammar of the Chinese language, and daily was filling up his M.S. of the New Testament. On the 20th of February, 1809, he married Mrs. Mary Morton, a young lady of 18, the daughter of Mr. John Morton, of Dublin, surgeon in chief to the Irish Artillery. On the day after Mr. Morrison's marriage with this lady, he received information that the East India Company's supercargoes, to whom he had ren dered some assistance in translating their Chinese cor respondence, had resolved to give him an appointment as their secretary and interpreter. He appears to have been considered, at that early period, as the most expert Chinese scholar in the factories. The correspondence of the supercargoes with the Chinese had been previously conducted in a very circuitous manner, and often with great difficulty, by the intervention of Portuguese padres, of the college of St. Joseph, who first rendered the seve ral papers of which Chinese versions were required into Latin, and then, with the aid of their native assistants, into Chinese. In 1811, he Printed in Canto, is the Chinese manner, from wooden blocks, his invaluable edition of the Acts of the Apostles in Chinese. In 1812, his father died, to whose ease and comfort he had most affectionately and liberally contributed. In 1813, he completed an edi tion in Chinese of the whole of the New Testament, of which he forwarded several copies to his friends in this country. Large impressions of this work have since been printed ; they bear date 1815, 1819, 1821, and 1827, and were extensively circulated in China. He at the same time wrote and printed a Catechism in Chinese, with a tract on the doctrines of Christianity, of which 15,000 copies were printed and circulated. In 1817, his extensive acquaintance with the language and literature of China, recommended him as a fit person to accompany Lord Amherst, on his embassy to Pekin. Mr. Morrison accordingly accompanied his Lordship, as his Chinese interpreter, and among the incidents of that eventful enterprise, it may be worthy of record, that it was to him that his Lordship was indebted for the know ledge of the fact, that the presents for his Celestial Ma jesty were forwarded on the Great Canal, in barges, under flags, which imported that they were tribute from the King of England to the Emperor of China. Mr. Morrison's memoir of the embassy has been published in this country. The services of 1)r. Morrison to the East India Com pany are admitted to have been, on some occasions ofim mense value. He was more than once called into coun cil at Canton on very trying occasions, and whenever his advice was followed, it proved beneficial to the Com pany's interests. In the Lin-tin affair, in 1821, he was the only person at the factory capable of opposing argu ment to the claims of the Chinese, and he did so with success. There are now but few among the Company's servants, formerly on the Canton establishment, who were not indebted to him for their acquaintance with the language of China. 'On the part of the Company he con ducted a very extensive correspondence with the Chinese in the written character, and was the first European who prepared documents in that l a nguage, which the native authorities would consent to receive. - - On the arrival of Lord Napier at Macao, with his Ma jesty's commission, he engaged Dr. Morrison as his secretary and interpreter. To the zealous discharge of his duties he fell a sacrifice. In his ill state, aggravated by the hot weather, he had to accompany Lord Napier on the 24th of July, 1834, from Macao to Canton, where he did not arrive till the morning of the 25th, having been exposed during the night in an open boat on the Canton river to very boisterous and rainy weather. His illness was greatly increased, but his friends were not alarmed for his life till within an hour of the time when he became extinct. lie expired in the arms of his eldest son. On the following day, the 2d of August, his re mains were carried by water to Macao ; they were fol lowed from his residence to the river side by Lord Na pier, and all th e Eu ropeans, Americans, and Asiatic British subjects then in Canton. On the sth of the same month, they were deposited with those of his first wife and one of his children, in the private Protestant burial ground at Macao. 31a. DAVIS.—This gentleman was appointed the se cond of the three Commissioners under _the Royal sign- manual, to superintend the English trade with China in 1834, on the breaking up of the East India trade, and on the 23d July embarked on board his Majesty's ship An dromache, and proceeded to Canton, where the Com mission arrived on the 25th. In the troublesome delays which afterwards took place, on the Chinese refusing to acknowledge Lord Napier's commission, Mr. Davis strenuously objected to any communication with the inferior authorities at Canton, demanding immediate communication with the Emperor himself. This advice of referring at once to the Court at Pekin was recom mended by Mr. Davis on good reasons, and when, on the death of Lord Napier, Mr. Davis succeeded him, b e , in writing to the Secretary of State, stated that " no fact was better authenticatedgovernenmtt kepthantll the Court in egeneraling regard to which the local to Canton transactions and its treatment of Europe ans :. Mr. Davis afterwards continued to administrate duri ng an undisturbed period, till he at length resigned hi s sta tion entirely.on embarking. SIR GEORGE Ronissos.—Appointed -. Com mission of 1834, Sir George continued to act in that . ca pacity till the embarkation of the chief superintendent • under the dr e J ltri a Blh i 3e l i u 6ss , a p prayue, charge, beolfoi public a B o 3 ffvw s ao , ii rty l hs e e f ra t trrh l o - s i i:mfeerexodt from de exception that in uninterrupted quiet part of a British trader, who, on the ion se t u o re ne o c f a h se is o g n ood the s by the Chinese customs, threatened and even proceeded to make reprisals on Ondi the Chinese. trade ; but this was succeeded m I fortunately .DE Nb quieted. ._ CaptainThi George's retirement he was gentleman, one of tin e a in) b lfo l enceoofdn en n h i e st siElieonn2ge4lritsihiLa, merchants, was the i nd m i v e i d s t u r a e l sp su e m e t opium traffic occurred , rc avk h ni:d t e o n appear h before the tribunal _ w t ho e .su g f r r e e a r.e t d r i u m p p tu r r is e o o n n me tl n ie t and peril of life along with Captain Elliot and the other Chinese residents. SIR FREDERICK MArTLAND.—Admiral Maitland sailed in her Majesty's ship Wellesley to China is July, 1838, accompanied by her Majesty's brig Algerine. Ho was refused entrance by the Canton Viceroy at the mouth of the Bocca Tigris, and on one of his boats being fired on, sailed up that river to demand satisfaction ; this, how ever, was rendered him immediately in writing, and he soon after sailed away. CAPTAIN Smrru.—This officer distinguished himself in the affair between the Chinese junks and the Volage and Hyacinth. The former vessel arrived at a fortunate junc ture on the Chinese coast for assuring the security of Bri tish subjects from the threatened attacks of the Chinese. In tllgagement whiek took pl ace on t h e 3 d o f N ovem b er , 8:0 n, with the Chinese junks, h e ran d own th e Chi nese line, pouring in a destructive fire. The Chinese answered sp i r itedly, and one war-junk blew up at pistol-shot dis tance from the Vol age , t h ree were sun k, an d severa l 1 e others water-logged. In less than three-quarters of an hour the Chinese Admiral Kwan and his squadron were retiring in great distress to their former anchorage, and as Captain Smith was not disposed to protract (keyw ay° hostilities, he offered no obstructioe to their retreat. r . ~ .'"...---..-._ -.....----_,_ 35 , __ . _ ___ ~.. ~, ..+... 20 -. ~~ goo=. 7 - 4 LI (C 40 35 30 2.5