The Sun. — London, England, 1849-12-11 00:00:00

Clover ga F.er 1. Clover 9s per 31 10s; r 8s per rat, the .uritius e; 300 mid to ransac- brown 29s 6d landed Docks ; 5 hhds laces is 11, With better 'er, and 40 bags for fine es. at and e taken ,nd ex ) places love the to good 1 31c1 to ,dvance. r coarse t on the s are E. . THE AY). :..hbishop angdale, Knight ike, and Court of 3ishop of he Lord present ) diocese Exeter pn to the mination ;hing his in, since eing pre.. held and the car rticularly the effect he cause • Fust, in 'lid, after lasted in favour rom that o this tri- l a cow* rat cler ) the en ors were the court al noble q of Car vdsworth to open adverting D question Christian college of upon him, ing of St. indergono cese, who ippellant's incl. The e circum' ntation to amnation edings in sir issue, He con. Btion fortuity in the services of the Church of England ? That wag stated in its very preamble. Now, let their Lord. ships consider whether the Book of Common ,Prayer and the administration of the Sacraments laid down any doctrine of the Church of England. rho sole and only purpose of this statute was to introduce one common order of service in the Church throughout the whole kieeeloni. Trio sth and 6th Edward VI., cap. 1, alas an Act for providing for the uniformity ot ser vice in the Sacraments throughout Eng!and and Wales. Immediately after that ALL came in Queen Mary, and with her coming to the throne the Prayer-book and all the Acts relating to it were swept away. On the acces sion of Queen Elizsbethl there was restored the Act for the uniformity of Common Prayer and the administration of the Sacraments. This Act revived the statute of Edward VI., with several additions'. It could never have been the intention of Queen Elizabeth's Act to alaa the Articles of the Church of England, for it absolutely gale the Queen the power to add new formularies to those already in existence. The 13th and 14th Charles 11., c. 30, followed, which ma le further provision for the uniformity of Common Prayer and service and the administration of the Sacraments, and introduced several modifications into the Book of Common Prayer. Now he submitted, from a view of those statutes, that it was never iu con tetnplation to change the doctrine of the Church of Eaglsnd, except by that passed in Queen Mary's time. If their Lordships took this case upon the Articles, upon the Canons, or upon the Prayer-book, they would find that the Articles were the code of faith, and the Prayer-book the code of devotion. The Articles were certain deductions from Scripture, and the Prayer- book was intended to reduce those deductions into devotional practice. He (Mr. Turner) contended that the law of the country warranted him in maintaining the doctrine that their Lordships were not to collect the doctrines of the Church of England from the expressions contained iu the devotional services Inserted in the Prayer-book. He submitted that he had satisfactorily shown that the doctrine of the Church of England was from the Articles, and the devotion from the Prayer-book. Now, to what extent had the Church of England declared her views on the subject of baptism? The doctrine of the Church of Rome on the subject of baptism was set tled in the Council of Trent before the preparation of the Articles in 1532. In the Church of Rome in 1547 the doctrine of euchis operatem, which had been vexed in that Chuch fur centuries, was first and finally settled, and by that doctrine it was held that the sacrament of baptism was efficacious whether it was received rightly or not; whereas the 27th Article of the Church of England negatived that proposition. That article said, " Baptism is not only a sign of pro fession and marking of difference, whereby Christians are discerned from others, but it is also a sign of regene ration or new birth, whereby, as by an instrument, they that receive baptism rightly are engrafted into the Church." He had thus proved what the Articles of the Church of England had negatived. He would proceed to show what they affirmed. The 29th Article said that baptismwas " a sign of regeneration or new birth." That Article said that " baptism is not only a sign of profession, and a marking of difference, whereby Christian men are discerned from others, Lut it is also 11 sign of regeneration or new birth." And what were its effects? Why, these, that baptism "is also a sign of r egeneration or new birth, whereby, as by an instru- Meet, they that receive baptism rightly are grafted into the Church, promises of the forgiveness of sins are thereby signed and sealed, faith is confirmed, and grace la increased by virtue of prayer." When he looked at the construction of this Article, he could not help concluding from it that the sign and the in terest conveyed by the sign were purposely separated tor the purpose of introducing into the conveyance the Words as to the baptism being " rightly received." The Leained Counsel had not concluded his argument When we went to press. CHANCERY.—(THIS DAY.) „, Tho LORD CHANCEL L OR sat in his court in the Old 4 41, Lincoln's Inn, and heard appeal motions to-day. LASSENCE V. TIERNEY.—JUDGMENT. The LORD CHANCELLOR gave his judgment partly Yesterday in this case, w hich came before him upon I ,q)Peal from the decision of the Vice-Chancellor Wigram. 2-2 be question in the case was as to the construct►on of the will of Matthew Cannon, of West-end, Hampstead, As Court below held that Mr. Cannon, in conseqm,nce !lithe uncirtainty of the expressions in his will died latptate, and from that decision the parties appealed to this branch of the Court. His Loreship this morning gave his final judgment, dismissing the appeal.—Judg ment affirmed. TUE SHREWSBURY AND CHESTER RAILWAY COMPANY V. TIE LONDON AND NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY Curti: PANT ♦ND OTHERS. The arguments in this part• heard case were resumed this morning. The case came before his Lordship upon an appeal motion from the judgment of the Vice• Cha ncellor Knight Bruce, granting an injunction restraining the defendautsifrom interfering with the plaintiffs' sta tion accommodation at the joint station at Chester. There was a cross-appeal motion for the reversal of that part of his Honour's order which refused the admission of the omnibussea connected with the plaintiffs' line into the enclosure of the station. Mr. Molina, with whom was Mr. R. Gifford, were heard yesterday in support of the appeal, and Mr. Bothell was heard against it on behalf of the North Western Company. Mr. Bacon and Mr. Follett followed on the same side to-day. Mr. J. Parke, Mr. Willeoek, and Mr. Glasse are also counsel in the (Ate for other parties. The further arguments occupied the Court the whole day. ROLLS' COURT.-(THIS DAY.) The Master of the Rolls did not sit in his Court, in the Rolls' Yard, to-day, having to attend the Judicial C ommittee of the Privy Council, to hear the important ta PPeal of " Gorham v. the Bishop of Exeter." VICE-CHANCERY. -(THIS DAY.) (Before the VICE-CHANCELLOR Of ENGLAND.) FLIGHT V. PACE AND OTHERS—INJUNCTION. Ceeildirtlg STUART . moved upon notice in this case for a INcial i n j unct i on t o restra i n th e defendants from pro with an action, in the Lord Mayor's Court, 1?° 11 a policy of insurance on the life of a person named t P, who died a short time ago, and whose widow had out letters of administration to his effects. It w as stated that the policy had been improperly obtained by Page, inasmnch as he had concealed from the parties the fact that ho was subject to a disease in the throat, Ahteh ultimately ended in his death. Although in another policy, he had effected in a different officsi - em his life, he had stated that fact, and had in consequence. to 111 a higher pr e mium. There were also conflicting that to the policy, and it was therefore desirable ' , oat the action should be stayed till that question was de c i ded. nis HONOUR granted the injunction. (Before the Vice-Chancellor WiGnAu.) GRIFFITH V. LIINNELL. t The S OLICITOI t•GENERAL resumed his reply in this i t to day, which occupied the whole morning. b e subject of the suit was the title of the plaintiff to the treated as mortgagor, entitled to redeem an estate I n t County of Gloucester. The original mortgage was F ttcl e in the year I s oo, to one Ricketts. Ricketts trans "rod the mortgage in 1912 to Solomon Moore. Solo mon Moore died, leaving Ann Frost his heiress at law, -1-10 , with her husband, John Legh Frost, entered into po ssession of the property. Ann Frost survived her brigand , an d in 1842 sold different portions of the pro keei,rtY, part of which leas purchased by the Great estern Railway Company, part by a company called the (ilreat Western Cotton Company, and part by other The purchasers were defendants to the bill, and clai me d to h o ld t h e p ro p er ty by an absolute title, not subject to redemption. I _ The Viee-Chancellor Knight Bruce did not sit to- c lay consequence of having to attend the Judicial Com mittee of the Privy Council to hear the appeal of " Gor liSin D. The Bishop of Exeter." COMMON PLEAS.—(THIS DAY.) (Sittings at Nisi Prius, at Guildhall, before the LORD CHIEF JUSTICE and a Common Jury.) DJOGOOD V. ROSE. The plaintiff in this case is a Parliamentary repDrter 'ad short-hand writer, and the defendant, who holds a situation as superintendent at the Coal Exchange, en tered into an agreement with him to teach his son short hand. The premium to be paid was GO/ , of which 51. W ags to be paid down and the remainder in two bills for 2 ,, 01 . 'and o ne f o r 151. The boy remained with Doogood fur about five months, during which time, it was said, he Was taught the most approved system of shorthand as used by Parliamentary and other reporters. The de nutria at the end of the time refused to complete the agreement, and in consequence an action was brought to recover the amount alleged to be due under the arrange ment Which w as made. Mr. Sergeant Byles and Mr. IEII appeared fo: the Plat ; ri tdi; and Mr. E. James and Mr. Lush for the de °Want. D ille defence was that the boy had been placed with °( good on trial; and the father finding that the . pro . - ir s loo was not likely to enable his son to get a livell - he declined to complete the articles of apprentice- P;., also, that the boy was employed during a great Portion of the time in running errands instead of learn lug shorthand, and that the defendant was induced to break off the engagement owing to a statement made by another apprentice named Jilt, that Doogood wanted the in °,ley and not the boy. „, 4 he CHIEF J UST I CE ha v i ng summed up, J- 11 6) jury found a v;rdict for the defendant. OW-STREET.—(THIS DAY.) y, Young cam with a very youthful appearance, - nled Moat, was charged with having assaulted and , _ ti neaten e d the life of his own a ife. The compl a i nan t, w h o h a d an equa lly j uven il e as pect, fatted that she had been married to the prisoner for about t wo years, and during that t i me he had b een in re habit o f ill- treat i ng an d a b us i ng h er. O n S un d ay , I(3 nsequence of her remonstrating with him for pro gutg her with no dinner, he struck her most violently the face, and as this was by no means the first time he ad ass au l te d her in this manner, she an d h er f at h er had him taken into custody. Mr. HENRY asked when the former assault was com mitted? The complainant said about two months ago. 611 a then had hi m u p on a peace warran t, but on his pro • raisin g to r e f orm she consentedto forego the charge. Tne quarrel i n t h e present instance arose out of his having devoted 14s. out o f hi s sa l ary o f I/. to re d eem i n g a coat and ld pair of trousers, instead of applying it to their house purposes. On a recent occasion, when she was c on.fined, he threw her down and beat her most brutally, We he had repeatee.ly told her that if she went to her father's at Battersea without him he would murder her. Il r• HENRI' thought this bad been a most unfortunate 144rriage,, THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 11, 1849. The father of the young woman, a respectably-attired man, said something must ha done for the protection of his daughter, or her life would go in danger. He never should have consented to the marriage had the prisoner not protested in the most solemn manner that he would throw himself off Battersea-bridge if he could not have her, and, believing the prisoner was in earnest, he thought it best to assent Co the match. The prisoner admitted that he struck his wife, but it was nut until she had provoked him to it by the intem perance of her tongue; but if it would be any satisfaction to her or her father, he had no objection to part from her, and allow her 6s. for her support. The fact was, however, that his wife was the first aggressor, and she not only abused, but threw a teapot at his heed, because he would not redeem a dress she had pledged to enable her to go out visiting. Th 3 tither and wife being satisfied with his proposal, Mr. HENRY consented to adjourn the case for two months, and directed that should be again brought up if in the m:antimc. he fui:td to keep his promise. MARLBRO'-STREET-(THIS DAY.) IMPUDENT STREET ROBBERY.—HiIary Ann Foley, a woman of the town, was brought before Mr. Bing ham, chargt d with having stolen a silver watch value 41., from the person of a gentleman named Ityton, 21, Villiers-street, Strand. The prosecutor stated that on the previous night about twelve o'clock, he was proceeding along Oxford street, when he was accosted by the prisoner, who wished him to " stand " some gin. He told her that he did not want anything to say to her, and eh clined ac ceding to her request. He then walked on for some dis tance followed by the prisoner, and when opposite a dark court, the prisoner dragged him up the entry, and persisted in his stopping and speaking to her. Having an idea that she intended to rob him, he kept a sharp eye upon her movements, and in about a minute after he found her hand in his waistcoat pocket tumbling for his watch. He immediately pushed her from him, and at that moment a man came up and asked witness the way to some street, and before witness could reply to his question the prisoner rushed up= him and snatched his watch from his waistcoat pocket and ran off. Witness pursued her, and on overtaking her she held out the watch, saying "for God's sake take your watch, and let me go." He took the watch and gave the prisoner in charge to a constable, who happened at that moment to be passing. The prisoner, who was recognised as an old offender, was fully committed for trial. HAYMARKET TIIEATRE. Mr. and Mrs. Charles Kean appeared here last evening for the first time this season. The piece chosen was Mr. Lovell's admirable play The TVife's Secret, in which Mr. and Mrs. Charles Kean sus tained their original characters with more than their original intensity and power. Never was reception more spontaneously enthusiastic than was the re ception of these great artiste:, last evening ; they received the very heartiest of welcomes. The play went off admirably, every point told well, and at the close both Mr. and Mrs. Charles Kean were called before the curtain. The cast was very strong, and the Jabez Sneed of Mr. Webster is perhaps the most faultless and perfect piece of acting on the stage. The house was crowded in every part. We perceive that Mr. and Mrs. Charles Kean appear in a new play on Monday, which report says is from the pen of Mr. Mark Lemon. DEATH - OF THE EARL OF CAR- NARVON. Henry John George Herbert, third Earl of Car narvon, expired yesterday morning, at seven o'clock, at Ilighclere Castle, Hampshire. The disease which has thus fatally terminated is supposed to have been some affection of the spine. The deceased Lord attained to considerable dis tinction in the course of the few years that his name was before the world. A successful author, a well known traveller, a person of some note in the House of Commons; even in the House of Lords, under all the disadvantages of ill-health, he enjoyed a position more prominent than is usually accorded to those Peers who do not closely connect themselves with party or submit to long official training; but when he bore the title of Lord Porchester he was better known than since he succeeded to the Earldom. His father was Henry George, second Earl, and his mother, Elizabeth Katherine, daughter and heir of the late Colonel Acland, of hi!. lerton, in Devonshire. The Noble Lord just deceased was the eldest son of his father, and was born at the town mansion of the family in Grosvenor-square on the Bth of June, 1800 ; he has, therefore, not lived to complete his 50:h year. At an early age Lord Carnarvon—then bearing the title of Lord Porchester—went to Eton, where he was the contemporary of Lord Morpeth, of Mr. Disraeli, and of other wits, poets, and orators less known to fame. After quitting Eton he repaired to Christ church, Oxford, where he received the university por tion of his education ; and in the year 1820 pro ceeded to what may be called a fresh course of instruction by entering upon an extended and well devised plan of travel. In Italy he witnessed the revolutions which took place there during the year 1821 ; not long after wards he visited the I'eninsula, and, having taken an active part in favour of Don Carlos, fell into the hands of the opposite party, with whom he remained for some time a prisoner. But his Lordship's travels were not limited to Spain or Portugal. Through Mo rocco and other parts of Africa, through a considerable portion of Garmany, through the Marnote country, and Athens his wanderings ex tended ; and by those who are familiar with his writings, or have enjoyed the advantage of his con versation, the animated and picturesque descriptions abounding in both have long been acknowledged and admired. But it was not by "travellers' tales" alone that he won distinction !lithe world of letters, for he was a poet and a dramatist. "The Moor," a poem, and "Don Pedro," a tragedy, have given him a place in the roll of "Royal and noble authors ;" his appetite for fame, however, was not sated with literary suc cess, and he had scarcely more than achieved a posi tion amongst the writers of the present century when he took his seat in the House of Commons, where his career was brief, certainly ; but, by his friends, con sidered brilliant. His large expectancies, his ancient descent, his rank, his youth, his success as an author, his adventures as a traveller, his sufferings, his cap tivity, and "hair-breadth 'stapes," imparted great interest to the Parliamentary ddmt of him who was heir to the Sydney s and the Herberts, but whose mortal remains will now prematurely repose amidst their honoured ashes. So long as health was spared to him, Lord Porchester in the House of Commons answered the expectations even of his most partial friends. Amongst the speeches that he delivered in that Assembly against the Reform Bill—now the law we live under—there was one so impressive and efficient that Sir Robert Peel said he should be perfectly contented to rest the whole cause at issue upon the arguments contained in that single speech ; and the cheers which this opinion elicited from both sides of the House left no doubt that men of all parties shared the sentiments entertained towards Lord Porchester by him who was then the great Conservative leader. Unfortu nately for his fame as a public man, Lord Porchester did not retain a seat in the House of Commons long enough to establish a durable reputation in that branch of the Legislature. His Lordship's father, the second Earl, died on the 16th of April, 1833, and the Noble Lord just deceased became of course a member of the Upper House. The period of his election as a Member of the House of Commons is nearly coincident with that of his marriage, which took place at Aldingbourne, in Sussex, on the 4th of August, 1830, when he espoused Henrietta Anna, eldest daughter of the late Lord Flenry Molyneux Howard, and niece to the late Duke of Norfolk: Of this marriage there has been numerous issue, the eldest of whom, now in the 19th year of his age, succeeds his father as fourth Earl of Carnarvon. The period at which the late Lord entered the House of Lords was one by no means favourable to the rise and advancement of a man who, like him, started from such a "'vantage ground." The politi cal condition of the country was excited and alarming; great events were in progress; and if he had remained, as Lord Porchester, in the Lower House during the high and palmy days of Conservatism (as well in oppo sition as in power), he could not fail to have occupied an eminent place amongst the orators and statesmen of that party. But, transferred to the House of Lords, a different field of action opened to his view; one not very favourable to the commence ment of a fresh political career in an assembly where he had acquired no practical experience; which con tained fur the most part the contemporaries of his father, and which, in all respects, was composed of elements utterly unlike those that enter into the formation of a House of Commons. But, apart from such considerations, the Lords were at that time reduced to a subdued and restricted position ; little was left for them to do, and they did that little with out much debating. In the discussions on the Muni cipal Reform Act, however, Lord Carnarvon took an active part, and divided their Lordships, as he had done the House of Commons, on the question of Parliamentary reform. His labours were, however, interrupted by occasional ill-health, by frequent visits to the Continent, as well as by the manifold duties which devolve on a great landed proprietor, and the head ofan ancienthouse. Another object which much occupied his attention was the restoration of the old family seat, Highclere Castle, a work commenced in the year 1441, and hardly yet finished. This was certainly the indulgence of rather an expensive taste, but the undertaking has, from its commencement, been regarded with much interest by antiquaries and lovers of art. His Lordship was likewise a successful cultivator on a great scale of the more curious and beautiful American plants, of which his gardens contain many of the finest specimens that have ever been imported to England. In all respects he was, as an earl should be, a country gentleman upon a great scale. As a large landed proprietor he seemed sufficiently jealous or his rights, and in the year 1844 his vindication of his rights gave rise to one of the most curious actions to be found in the legal history, at all events of the present century. It was brought to establish a privilege called " free warren." This privilege was introduced by our Norman rulers for the protection of game, and it was one which gave the grantee a sole and exclusive right of killing such game, so far as his warren ex tended, provided he prevented others from killing it. Lord Carnarvon claimed free warren over the manors of Ilighclere and Burghclere ; the action seas brought against Mr. Villebois, a copyholder in Burghclere, for shooting game on his own copyhold ; and it was one of the most extraordinary features of the case that a grant of the time of henry 111. was not deemed sufficiently ancient ; but that, from amongst the muniments of the family, Mr. Parker, his Lordship's solicitor, found it necessary to produce evidence of a still earlier date for the purpose of show ing that the right of free warren passed to Lord Curnarvon by ancient prescription, or usage, antece dent to the time of Richard I. It is not unworthy of notice that a decision in favour of such a privilege would probably have occasioned some discontent in any county, if the successful suitor had been a man less popular than Lord Carnarvon, but its effect was directly the contrary, for intelligence of the event was received amongst his neighbours and tenantry with various manifestations of pleasure, perhaps of triumph, and it may, without the least exaggeration, be stated that very few even among the most popular Members of the Upper House will close their lives amidst feelings of more general regret than those which attend the death of Lord Carnarvon.—Thies. SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. TATTERSALL'S.—YESTERDAY. METROPOLITAN STEEPLECHASE (TO -MORROW). 3 to 1 agst Sir Arthur 4 to 1 agst British Yeoman 5 to 1 agst Vain Hope The following are the names of the probable starters and riders:—British Yeoman (J. Mason)—Sir Arthur (Ryan)—Chandler (Captain Little)—Hurleston gelding (():liver)—Duke of Cornwall (Raekloy)--Maria Day (Frisby)—Vain Hope (Archer)—Sarah Sykes—Young Lottery (Butler). PRECOCITY. (From Eliza Cook's Journal ) It was once said of a certain roan, " that lie had , never been a boy." That was meant to point him out ironically as a grand exception to the common race of mortals ; but what was the exception then really seems to have become the rule now, and I am tempted to think that the race of boys is fast becom ing utterly extinct, and being replaced by a race of mannikins, wanting alike in the grave power of maturity and the light-hearted wildness of childhood. I have seen upon the same apple tree fruit unripe indeed, but full, and juicy, and promising lu:cious mouthfuls when the sun should have matured them; and close by a little, half withered, prematurely shrivelled thing, looking as if it had forgotten to grow last year, and was not thought worth gathering; and I could not help thinking that that was to the other apples what mannikins are to real boys ; and as I am fond of fruit, I only hope the apple trees will not take to extensively imitating the vagaries of us mortals. Solemnly and seriously, I cannot kelp wondering sometimes whether those old fairy tales are true about the mischievous sprites changing human infants in their cradles for young elves of their own species, and thinking that the race, curtailed of their old dominions of forest and green wood, and thicket copse and barren waste, and scorn ing the doctrines of Malthus, are compelled to find outlets for their superabundant and unemployed population, and are exchanging with earthly mothers and fathers on an extensive scale. The supposition is, no doubt, a most extravagant one, but how on earth else to account for the wonderful increase of mannikins I do not know; and, perhaps, when one is involved in a puzzle of doubt and perplexity, without a chance of lighting upon a reasonable solution, an unreasonable one is better than none at all. When I was a boy of thirteen or fourteen, I think I was a fair specimen of boys of my time and age. My father was an old soldier, settled down after a lire of hardship and war fare, into a country gentleman of some standing and consideration in the village where we then lived, and moving in at least as good society as Mr. Smithson, a retired coal merchant I know at No. 4 in our Ter race; yet I do not know two more entirely different beings, than Master Smithson, now in his early teens, and what I was then. I looked, as I recollect, like a boy; there was no more of the man in me than there is of the full-blown flower in the bud ; while Master Smithson is a perfect mannikin—a good specimen of his class; and if you were to look at him through a powerful magnifying glass, and imagine the whiskers, you might take him for an exquisite of the first water. What a difference there is in girls, too, compared with what they used to be. Ide not think they have changed quite so much as boys ; in their hearts, per haps, they are more as they were. But I cannot help comparing my own sisters with the modern misses I occasionally meet, arid contrasting the broad brimmed straw hats, short frocks, pinafores, and romping of the one, with the gauss bonnets, pelerines, beflounced dresses, and rainbow parasols of the latter. I verily believe if you had given my sisters, at ten years old, the finest sylphide parasol that ever was bought or sold in Regent street it would in a couple of hours have been converted into a machine to catch butter flies, or something of the sort, and smashed before the day was over; and thinking of this, I could not help laughing at some little ladies, whose conversa tion I overheard a short time ago. Two were just entering their teens, the third a little toddling thing of five or six, and they all had parasols. The two elders carried theirs majestically upright, but the younger performed with her some eccentric motions, for which she was gravely reprimanded by one of the youthful dowagers, the other kindly excusing her by the plea that she was " such a little thing, you know." These may seem small matters; but I honestly confess that I regard them with some interest, as indications of what the future people are to be, and I am old fashioned enough to like, in this respect at all events, what was better than what is. I should not object so much to precocity in knowledge or power, but this is a sort of precocity which seems to indicate that the heart is getting old while the brain remains young; that the sincerity of nature is fading away before artificial forms; that the fresh impulses of soul are being withered by conventional ceremony; that the gaiety of youth and its wild lightheartedness is being checked by arbitrary notions of propriety, and its simplicity being corrupted by finery and ostentation. I like men reallyto be men; and in order that that should come to pass, I think it necessary that children should really be children. Many may differ from me, but in my opinion a fine manly character is better reared up out of the enthusiasm, the wild energy and ready sympathies, and earnest confident simplicity of true childhood, than out of the prema tureobfrtribe,asion cgs andordat ey v v i el t on, shrink whichr oi distrust,nrkfforms withrh a se n aen d rxet par d av e sno c hud o a: r l ulaf fear r o t of f hrweo t m h r he s lt rising that tbn gene ration f t o k a rt i o n a gd r lose the openness and candour of youth, and acquire the duplicity and secrecy of old age, before they even enter upon the real business of life Depend upon it, the subject is well worthy of the consideration of the mothers and fathers of England, and it will be well for all if it seriously engage their attention. COURT CIRCULAR. OSBORNE, MONDAY. The Queen and Prince walked this morning in Osborne grounds and Park. His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, and younger members of the Royal Family, walked and rode as usual. There was no addition to the royal dinner party yesterday. Captain Shippard had an interview with Earl Grey yesterday at the Colonial-office. Dispatches were sent off yesterday evening from the Colonial-office for the Governor of the Cape of Good Hope. Mr. B UCKIN G HAM's MODEL TOWN TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SlR,—Having been for the last three months on a tour through the Highlands and northern parts of Scotland, it was not until my arrival here that I had the opportunity of seeing your paper of Nov. 29, in which you have given a review .of my recent work on "Natural Evils and Practical ILmedies." I avail myself, however, of the earliest opportunity to thank you, which I do most sincerely, for the frank and friendly manner in which you bestow your approval on some portions of that volume, and express yourdissent from others. lithe exercise of criticism were more frequently characterized by such fairness, and dissent were generally expressed in so gentlemanly a manner, the cause of literature and social improve ment would not be so frequently retarded, as it now is, by strictures conveyed with so much bitterness and asperity as to engender the worst feelings between those who, being professedly engaged in the common pursuit of truth, ought to regard each other only as cooperators and friends. It is highly gratifying to me that my views on taxation and the redemption of the public debt, on emigration and colonization, and on the substitution of the intellectual for the property qualification in the electoral franchise, should be approved by so zealous, so able, and so faithful and consistent ail advocate of Liberal principles, as The Sun has ever been under the direction of its present editor for a long series of years, during which so many strange mutations have taken place in other public journals of the day. It is because I so highly value its judgment that I am anxious to have the opportunity, which I have no doubt you will readily afford me, of saying a few words through your columns, to correct what may lead some of your readers, perhaps, into a mis conception of one very ipportant feature of my plan for a model town and associated community. I concur entirely in the soundness of your doctrine that " the taxes forming a fund which is drawn from all classes of the community, it is unjust to expend that fund, or any portion Alt, for the exclusive benefit of any section of the people, unless it can be shewn that in so doing the whole community are benefited by it. When this, however, can he proved to be the case, such expenditure is fairly warranted; and numerous precedents can be cited in which such partial expenditure has received the sanction of the ❑ation at large. The twenty millions sterling given to the owners of slaves as compensation for their sup posed loss in the services of those slaves, was paid out of the public fund, to effect a great moral good, in which it was believed the whole nation was or ought to be interested. The annual expenditure of main taining the blockade on the coast of Africa to prevent the slave-trade (had it been effectual in accomplishing its end) ivould have been equally approved by the nation ; and it is only now questioned on the ground of its failure to secure the object for which it was maintained." The public funds are expended to make parks and public walks for the inhabitants of London, out of taxes paid by residents in the country, who have no share in their enjoyment; and surveys and other ex penses connected with the drainage, sewerage, and sanitary improvement of the metropolis, as well as medical precautionary measures in towns peculiarly affected, are also all defrayed at the public cost, because the whole country is benefited indirectly by the health of every part. Famines in Ireland—great fires at Barba'loes and Quebec—distress among the manufacturers of Paisley and other towns—and desti tution in the Highlands—have all been thought fit subjects for public relief, though the funds were raised from the whole community, and only certain sections of them were benefited by their application. At the present moment there is no problem of greater or more pressing interest, demanding a speedy and satisfactory solution than this.—How best to de minish crime and poverty among the lower classes of society, so as not only to make them more virtuous and more industrious, but also to relieve the honest and hard-working part of the community from the heavy burthen of maintaining the idle and the dis solute, who, whether they run into the ranks of paupers or criminals, are equally maintained at the expense of the public. The successful solution of this problem, so as to make all but the sick and infirm self-supporting, would be cheaply purchased at a cost of twenty millions sterling, because it would save the nation in the ex pense of criminals and paupers far more than that sum yearly. And as it is not in the power of private individuals, or even of corporate bodies, to try any great experiment of the kind on a sufficiently large scale, while the Government could do it with great ease, and at a less cost than the expense of one solitary war, whether against the Seikhs in India, or l i the Kafirs at the Cape of Good Hope ; so I hold that as the solution of this problem would be of the greatest possible benefit to the whole community, it would be quite just to apply the funds of the State to such a purpose—the more especially as it is demon strably certain that by a proper experiment of asso-' ciated labour, every shilling of the money thus ex pended would be returned with ample interest, as well as a great moral good be attained. In my proposition for the formation of a model town and associated community, "however, I do not ask the aid of the Government in any way whatevea beyond the granting of a charter of incorpation to such joint-stock company as might be disposed to undertake the experiment on the voluntary principle purely, and whose members shall advance the funds for the purchase of 201. shares in such an undertak ing, as they would for the formation of a railroad, a canal, or mines, or docks, or any similar operations requiring the united funds of numbers to accomplish. Iu this there is nothing incompatible with the more " perfect liberty of action" on the part of the asso ciates. They might reside in the town, and conform to its rules and regulations, or they might live else where under no rules but there own will, as they saw fit—since provision is made for both their cases. But those who became residents would all have a voice in the election of their rulers—would all be at liberty to assent to or dissent from any laws pro posed by them—and would all be eligible to become rulers themselves, if their fellow-citizens chose to elect them to that dignity—a degree of liberty not yet enjoyed by any community that I have ever seen or heard of; and as it is neither proposed nor intended that any persons should juin this associated community but those who were perfectly willing to conform to its discipline—just as every gentleman entering a club, or any lady becoming a patroness or subscriber to any fashionable assembly, readily con forms to the rules and regulations of each —or, as in general society persons in all ranks of life conform cheerfully to rules of conduct and courtesies of custom, which the habits of their position in society require; in like manner those who are so enamoured of their own " personal liberty" as to prefer living in a dirty dwelling to a clean one, to the enjoyments of the tap-room or the gin-shop in preference to a library or museum—to the fumes of tobacco rather than fresh air and the perfume of flowers—to work ing three days a week for fourteen or sixteen hours a day, and idling the other three, rather than sustain ing moderate labour only for each of the six days in succession—of which, unhappily, there are too many —might still remain in that condition, as there would be no coercion used to bring them out of it ; though the example of their happier fellow-country men might in the end persuade them to change. For my own part, I believe that instead of the inhabitants of such a well-regulated community being, as is erroneously assumed, " the mere slaves, however well fed, of any set of men," they would enjoy more true liberty, and more rational pleasures, than the freest of the free in any existing state of society. The limits of a letter forbid my saying more than to repeat my thanks for your fairness and cour tesy, and to refer those who desire to judge for them , selves on this subject to the pages of the work itsell as there alone the details can be fully examined. I am, Sir, your obedient servant, J. S. BUCKINGIIAM. Aberdeen, Dec. 10. A HUSBAND, WIVE, AND DAUGHTER KILLED.- WEDNESBURY, STAFFORDSHIRE.--A terrible catastrophe, of a singular character, involving the loss of three lives, a father, mother, and daughter, has occurred here. It appears that a person named John Pettifer, with his family, occupied a small house on the side of Portwaye road, belonging to Messrs. Adams and Richards, situ ated at the top of a large mound of earth, the refuse of a pit hard by, but not at present in work. On Tuesday evening last, the father sent his eldest daughter, named Betsy, out on an errand, and not returning within a reasonable time, he went out in search of her, but neither of them returning, after the lapse of several hours, the mother also went out to look for them, leav ing three young children in the care of a boy ten years old. Shortly after the mother went out the boy fell asleep, and did not awake till two o'clock the following morning. He then found that neither his father, mother, nor sister had returned ; he, therefore, went out for the purpose of knocking up a neighbour to go with him to look for them. Whilst passing over the pathway at the top of the mound of earth, he noticed a great hole in the ground. having passed at the side of it, he went and informed one of the neighbours of what he had seen. That person accompanied him to the spot, examined the breach, and found that the crowning in of the pit had give❑ way, and no doubt the three parties missing had fallen in. Assistance was promptly pro. cured, and several men commenced digging at the loose sides; but no one could descend on account of the accu mulation of foul air in the pit. The men were kept at work until Thursday, when they succeeded in removing sufficient earth. They then inserted pipes to draw off the foul air. That having been done, a man was lowered into the pit, a distance of nearly forty feet. He there found, as was suspected, the lifeless bodies of Mr. Pet- Lifer, his wife, and daughter. It is supposed that they were suffocated before they get to the bottom of tha;pit from foul air. The bodies were removed as quickly as possible, mad an inquest was appointed t be held. The Chelmsford annual show of fat stock, we understand, will be held in the Fair-field on Friday next, when it is expected there will be a very large supply of can stoo:i of all descriptions,—.Essex Herald, THE POOR NEEDLEWO3IEN. TO THE _EDITOR OF THE SUN. " lie who allows oppression shares the crime." SlR,—Accident has prevented my offering to you a few further remarks sooner on the above subject. Allow me cordially to say that if I do not entirely coincide in every sentiment of your most admirable article of Wednesday last, I am very glad to have eli ' cited in any journal such remarks as the following " Justice peremptorily forbids the employer from abusing the necessity of the workman (to a certain extent only we exonerate the sellers and buyers of cheap goods from blame)." And "No man's con• science should be at rest while he in any way counte nances a system of injustice." Far would I be from discouraging the emigration plan of the philanthropic Sidney Herbert, in your honourable cotemporary the Chronicle, which might remove much of this evil ; merely hoping to offer an observation or two suitable to the present, or any future contingency. The idea of an employer offering three times the amount of wages is, of course, an extreme one, for argument's sake. Nor did I advocate " high" prices —simply a fraction higher. An acquaintance, a linendraper, of superior understanding, tells me he thinks 25 per cent. (decreasing, no doubt, according to advanced prices) would make all the difference. tie adds that starving the employed may be ultimately felt in the po3r•rates. Then the argument assumes this shape —A sells to B for ls. 3d. what he ought not, as an honourable man, to have offered at ls., and C, the poor workwoman, gets more than fourpenee a day ! (as her labour would well deserve eighteenpence) for food, lodging, "under clothing in winter," and other necessaries. Now would it not be a thousand times better for B, the public, to willingly pay the odd threepence ? The blame, I consider, begins with A. He knows the poor workwomen are starving. B may not, till he or she is told. Then another responsibility begins. Surely the men and " women of England" are not generally heartless, would not wish to save a few shillings, or even three or four pounds a year, at the expense of the torment of the weaker sex. How is it that farmers selling corn, or bakers selling bread, do not grind their workmen down to the lowest existence pointi in order to undersell others ? I will hope, in a great measure, from better feelings. Otherwise they dare not. They would be hooted, excommunicated from honourable society, and those who dealt with them would be disgraced. There would be strikes, processions, riots. But the unfortunates here are women. When a man keeps a horse, on the principle of " the greatest amount of labour with the least amount of food," and the poor animal falls down from exhaustion, causing a street obstruction, he is considered a brute, and fined by a most proper law. Alas ! how many female workers fall down in secret, exemplifying all the miseries of the " Song of the Shirt." I have here—being rather more of an " old Tory" than a " Whig"—treated the "sorrow" more than the "sin" ensuing. lam aware of the evils of prostitu tion, and even that wretched " business," it strikes me forcibly, will be " over•stocked" from these drafts upon it. But God will S have mercy on those who are driven to it by starvation, and visit his wrath on those who knowingly drive them. "I was an hungered, and ,ye gave me no meat—l was naked, ye clothed me 'not—depart from me, ye cursed." I am, Sir, yours obediently, A CAMBRIDGE MAN. Dec. 10, 1849. [We refer our correspondent to an article from the Morning Chronicle, in another column, in which the subject of the above letter is commented on in a just and kindly spirit. We recommend the advice therein given to the practical attention of buyers and sellers. — ED. Sun.] MAR YLEBON E THEATRE. The season closed last night at this theatre with the performance of The Wife, for the benefit of Mr. Davenport. At the conclusion of the play, the prin cipal characters of which were admirably sustained by Mrs. Mowatt and Mr. Davenport, the stage manager, Mr. G. Ellis, came forward and delivered the following addeess : " Ladies and Gentlemen,—l am deputed by Mr. Watts, on this the last night of the reason and of his ma nagement, to return you his most sincere thanks for the kind support you have ever afforded him in his attempt to revive and uphold the British drama. During the two years the theatre has been under his management every effort has been made to raise its character, to ele vate the profession, and to cultivate a taste in this neigh bourhood for the highest works of dramatic literature. Na expense or exertions have been spared in the pro duction of the pieces, or in the engagement of the most distinguished artistes to support them. In proof thereof, I need only mention the names of those who have had the honour to appear before you—namely, Mr. Macrearly, Mrs. Warner, Mr. and Mrs. Keeley, Mr. Hudson, Mr. T. P. Cooke, Mr. Buckstone, Mrs. Fitz - williera, Mr. Davenport, and lastly one of the brightest ornaments of the profession—Mrs. Mowatt. I think, therefore, I may fairly assert that Mr. Watts has achieved a triumph—a glorious triumph—in the knowledge that a stand has been made tor the drama, and that the immortal Shakspere and our native poets, driven from their proper home, have hero found a little resting place, and ever a warm and hearty welcome from those kind friends around me. I have only now, ladies and gentlemen, to bid you farewell, but ere I do so, permit me to hope that our exertions here will not be forgotten in our new home, the Olympic, to be opened at Christmas next, where we shall continue to carry out the principles that have ever guided us here, supported by a most highly talented company, carefully selecttd from the principal provin cial and London theatres, and where I can promise you every endeavour will be made to render the entertain ments worthy a continuance of the patronage you have so kindly thstowed upon us. Ladies and gentlemen, in the name of Mr. Watts, and of the ladies and gentle men of the company, I again thank you, and most re spectfully bid you farewell." Considerable applause followed the - delivery of this valedictory address, and Mr. Watts, who was loudly called for, appeared at the wing and bowed his acknow ledgments. ASTLEY'S AMPIIITEATRE. We visited this justly popular place of amuse ment on Monday evening, and cannot but con gratulate Mr. Batty upon the engagement ho has male with Madlle. Curdona, the tight rope artiste, who is by far the most graceful and daring female performer we have ever witnessed. The numerous different feats which she accomplishes with a common chair placed on the rope cannot but astonish every beholder, and her claiming is unequalled. The other entertainments, both equestrian And dramatic, were, as usual, excellent; and the laughable vicissitudes of Mr. Briggs sent the audi ence home in perfect good humour. OLYMPIC THEATRB.—Mr. Watts, of the Maryle bone Theatre, and now the lessee of the Olympic, has issued his general list of the company engaged for the latter theatre. It is remarkably strong, comprising, besides a host of able subordinates, Mr. U. V. Brooke, the tragedian, Mr. Compton, Mr. John Reeve ; Mr. Frank Matthews, Mr. Scharf, Mr. Wigan, Mr. Meadows, Mr. Davenport, the Marshalls, Mrs. Mowatt, Miss F. Vining, Mrs. Seymour, Mrs. A. Wigan, &c. The theatre opens on the 26th inst., with "a Shalesperean play" and a new pantomime. We are glad to see from the pro gramme, that the arrangaments of the lessee are con ducted in a liberal spirit, with a view to the public comfort and convenience—a consideration too much neglected even by the most successful managers of theatres. . . Miss Kathleen Fitz william has entered into a per manent engagement with the lessee of the Theatre Royal Adalphi, and will appear shortly after Christmas in a new piece of great interest now preparing expressly for her by a popular author. TRH BRITI3II 'ALMANACK FOR 1850, lIY C. KNIGIIT.—This the first common sense almanack that was ever published in England, the great Iconoclast of the idols set up for vulgar worship by Francis Moore, physician, still continues to maintain its high character. The Companion to the Almanack is re plete with useful information. We would suggest to Mr. Charles Knight, that if he were to add to his Almanack a list of the reigning Sovereigns, he would render it the most perfect work of the sort extant. THE GREAT EXIIIBITION OF WORKS OF INDUS TRY OF ALL NATIONS, 1851.—NOTTINGIIASI, MONDAY. —This morning a mee:tiug of merchants, bankers, manufacturers, and others was held in the Exchange hall for the purpose of promoting this exhibition. The Mayor (Mr. R. Birkin) having opened the proceedings, the town-clerk read some correspondence which had passed with Mr. Digby Wyatt, and a statement made at Liverpool, by Mr. Cole, of the objects which were con templated. Mr. T. Carver, hosier, moved—" That this meeting highly approves of the proposed exhibition of the worts of industry of all nations to be held in Lon don in the year 1851, and considers it calculated to pro mote the agricultural as well as the commercial and manufacturing interests of the community, and to cement a friendly union among the nations of the world." Mr. R. Morley, of the firm of J. cud R. Morley, hosiers of Nottingham and London, seconded the motion, and strongly urged the expediency of appointing committeemen who would take an active part in working out the object of the meeting. The resolution was carried unanimously. Mr. Reckless, lace-manufac turer, moved—" That this meeting acknowledges with thanks the invaluable exertions of his Royal Highness Prince Albert, the President of the Society of Arts, for n objects ii the establishment of the institution,e and er a lwl of h earnestly t e assist in the furtherance of the g proposal." Mr. Hannay, hosier, in secondi ng the reso lution, reminded the meeting that there was no town in Great Britain which could produce manufactures of greater beauty than Nottingham. If thero were any doubts on the subject of expense, these might be re solved by leaving each locality to pay for itself, but he was opposed to a tax on the country at large. He ap proved of money prizes, but thought 5,0001. too large a sum for one prize. Mr. C. Paget, as an agriculturist, spoke of the value attached to medal prizes. Mr. 11. Reckless explained that the medals would be in addition to the money prizes. The resolution was passed unani mously. On the motion of Mr. Fain, seconded by Mr. Mallet, a committee was appointed, and the pro ceedings terminated. EASTERN UNION RAILWAY.—Thii company's ex tension line to Norwich is to be opened fur passenger (raffle to morrow (Wednesday). GRAY'S INN.—The Rev. Robert Wheler Bush, M.A., late Scholar of Worcester College, and Ilead Master of the Islington Proprietary School, is a candi duo for the Preachership of Gray's Inn. Mr. Bush was formerly on the foundation of Merton College, and gained the Ellerton Theological Prize Essay in 1845. REMARKADLE LONGEVITY AT ECCLESFIELD.—On Saturday last Sarah, the wife of Joseph Senior, nail maker, died at the advanced age of 95 years; and on Tuesday her surviving partner expired a; the extraor• Binary age of 97 .—Shejield.linies. CHESTER CUP. The following betsw(-.relt;idOri this event:- 50 to 1 agst Lord Howth'4 Peep-o'- day Boy—taken 50 to 1 agst Lord Cheserfield's Lady Evelyn—taken and alter wards offered 1,000 to 15 agst Lord ilowth's Vesta—taken and afterwards offered 1,000 to 15 agstCapt. Hervey's Lismshago—talsenfreely 1,000 to 15 agst Mr. Podley's Cossack—taken 3,000 to 45 agst Mr. Gregory's Damask—taken 3,000 to 45 agit Mr. Merry's Chanticleer—taken 1,000 to 15 ft get LorJ Eglinton's Testator—taken 1,000 to 15 agst Mr. Fowler's Ribaldry 1,000 to 15 agtt Mr. Murphy's Dough 1,000 to 10 agst Mr. Meiklam's Riby—taken 1,000 to 10 agst Mr. Charlton's Kissaway—taken 5,000 to 50 agst Mr. J. Godwin's Hotspur—taken 3,000 to 30 agst Mr. Crawford's Iron Rail—taken. DERBY, 1850. The only bets were 600 to 50 agst Ghillie Callum -30 to 1, to 2001., avt John o' Great-600 to 20 agit Voltigeur-35 to 1, In Mica, and 1,000 to 30 (after wards offered) agst Mavors-45 to 1, to a small sum, agst Blarney—and 1,000 to 15 agst the Miax colt. UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE. OXFORD, DEC. B.—ln a convocation to be hold on Monday next, December 10, at ten o'clock, the names of the following gentlemen, who have been duly nominated to succeed to the office of Select Preacher at Michaelmas, 1850, will be submitted to the House, viz:— The Venerable Archdeacon Robert Isaac Wilberforce, M.A., of Oriel College. The Rev. Osborne Gordon, 8.D., of Christ Church. The Rev. 133njamiti Jowett, M.A., of Bailie' College. The Rev. John Gibbons Longuevillo, M.A., of Wad barn College. The Rev. Robert Wheeler Bush, M.A., of %Vorcesttr College. In the same convocation the name of the Rev. James Augustus Ilessey, D.C.L., of St. John's College, who has been duly nominated in the place of the Rev. James Garbett, M.A., of Brasenose College, resigned, will Le submitted to the House. F. C. PL'UMPTRE, Vice-Chancellor. LINCOLN COLLEGE. The name of Mr. Heaven, of Trinity, was inserted by mistake, as the Craven Scholar, instead of that of Mr. Charles Dacre Craven, commoner of Lincoln Coll'?ge, who was elected. UNIVERSITY COLLEGE. Mr. Francis Digby Legard, scholar of this college, has been elected to a mathematical exhibition. RATING THE FITZWILLIAM MUSEUM. CAMBRIDGE, DEC. B.—At a congregation on Wed nesday next, the following grace will be offered to the Senate:— " To authorize the Vice-Chancellor, in consequence of the opinion of the University counsel upon the question at issue between the University and the parish of St. Mary the Less, respecting the liability of the Fitzwilliam Museum to pay parochial rates, to desist from further opposition to the claim of the parish." In the list of gentlemen upon whom the degree of B.A. was conferred at the last congregation, Mr. S. E. Bond was stated to be of St. Peter's College. Mr. Bond is a member of St. John's College. The Lord Mayor received, yesterday, at the Mansion-house, a deputation from the Promoters of the Loudon Necropolis and National Mausoleum Company, accompanied by their secretary, architect, and solicitor. M. TIIIERS' CONSULATE AND EMPIRE UNDER NAPOLEON.—The new volume (the ninth) of Mr. Col burn's authorised translation of this important work is just published. Among the other interesting subjects treated of in this volume are the following:—The Abdi cation of Ferdinand VII. and Charles IV.—The Spanish Insurrection and War against France—The Battle and Capitulation of Baylen—Rising of the Portuguese and Lending of Sir Arthur Wellesley in the Peninsula— The Battles of Rolice and Vimiera—The Capitulation of Cintra—Napoleon's Visit to La Vendee—lnterview between Napoleon and Alexander at Erfurt, and their Views for the Partition of the Turkish Empire—The Convention of Erfurth—Organizeticn of the Army of Spain—Battle of nrnosa—Napoleon's Plans at Vittoria —Battles of Sono, Sierra, and Burgos—Attack and Surrender of Madrid—Abolition of the Inquisition— Siege of Rosas—Triumphal Entry into Barcelona— Passage of the Guaderama—Retreat of General Moore —Battle of Coruna—Death of Moore and Embarkation of the English—The memorable Siege and Surrender of Saragossa, &c. &C. COLLINS'S DISINFECTING POWDEIL—Mr. R. N. Collins, of Oxford-court, Cannon-street, has recently invented and patented a disinfecting powder, for the prevention of choler«, typhus, and other fevers, by de stroying malaria and offonsive smells. This powder does not contein any metallic or poisonous substance, and it will not stain limn. By placing a small quantity of the powder in stores or larders, where provisions are kept, the progress of taint in meat, poultry, and game, will he arrested. A small portion of the powder dissolved in water makes an excellent bleaching liquid for taking out the stains of ielc, paint, &c. It is sold at a very reasonable rate, and bids lair to become popular. It is said to be the intention of Ministers, in the ensuing session, to repeal the window-tax alto gether. Too amount is about 1,500,0001, ; but its abrogation will be chiefly hailed by the country on ac count of its sanitary tendencies. The repeal of the tax on paper has also been fixed on, because of the intoler able vexation which the excise-laws occasion to persons engaged in the paper trade.—Liverpool Albion. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SIR,—I perceive by the almanack that the Quarter Sessions throughout England and \Vales will be held this year in the last week of December, consequently there will be five quarter sessions in one year ! This is very irregular and most inconvenient, as it takes away the magistrates and others from their occupa tions in the middle of the Christmas holidays. It would be very desirable if some Member of Parliament would move, in the ensuing session, to repeal this Act, and bring back the Quarter Sessions to the time at which they were held for a series of years, viz, the first week after the Epiphany. I am, Sir, yours, &e. , AN ACTING MAGISTRATE. London, Dec. 10. NAVAL INTELLIGENCE. Colonel Irvine arrived at Devonport on the night of the 6th on an official visit. Oa the 7th, in the morning, he inspected the new works at Keyham and the new basin in the dockyard. The Constance, 50, Captain Courtenay, was paid off on the 7th inst., at Devonport. The Penguin packet, Litut. Leslie, went out of De vonport harbour on Friday, and sailed on Saturday for Falmouth. ' The emigrant ship Glentanner having touched the ground on her way from London, she is expected to be taken into dock for examination in Devonport dockyard. The Lucifer steamer, after undergoing various re pairs, was to be taken out of dock at Devonport on Saturday. DEVONPORT.—In the Sound, Stromboli. In har bour—lmpregnable, Agincourt, Indefatigable, Luci fer, Express, Nautilus, Sylph, Fearless, Myrtle, Camel, liamoaze, and Tortoise lighters, and Confiance steam-tug. The Chatham, yacht, and Duck, lighter, have been taken into dock at Chatham to be examined. Their bottoms were examined, and they were put out on Friday. The Royal Standard has been hoisted half-mast at the flag-staff at the Queen's stairs, Chatham, and on board the Poictiers ; and all the ships in the river have their flags half-mast high, on account of the death of the Queen Dowager. Woormica, DEC. 10.—The Tiger steam-sloop was ton ed from Chatham to the East India Docks by the Advice and Adder steam-vessels, and passed Woolwich at eight o'clock, A.lll yesterday, on her way up the river. It is doubtful if she will get into dock before the spring-tides at the end of the week. She is to be fitted with engines by Seaward and Co., of the City Canal Works. Lieutenant Robertson and Mr. Casey, with engineers and stokers of Captain Austin's steam department, returned to Woolwich yesterday evening, from Sheerness, after being engaged in trying the steaming qualities of the Amphion, 30, steam-frigate with engines of 300-horse power for four successive days, in the deep water between the Nore and Nob channel. The trials lasted on each day from daylight in the morning until dusk in the evening, anchoring each evening so as to be ready to start atan early hour on the following morning. The result of the trials gave an advantage over those previously made, the speed being, on the average of four runs at the mea sured distance betwixt the Nore and Mouse lights, very nearly 61 knots per hour; the engines making about 48 revolutions per minute with a pressure of steam of about 9ibs. The draught of water was 17 feet ten inches forward, and 18 feet 9 inches aft, and the diameter of the screw 16 feet, with a pitch of 21 feet. New india-rubber valves have been supplied, and they worked well during the trials. The Minx steam-vessel has her steam up to-day, to try her dice engines, preparatory to another expe riment being made with her down the river. The Public are misled when they are informed that the experiments in the Minx and Ariel steam-vessels entail a great expense to the Admiralty. On the contrary, the inventors or owners of the patents in both instances not only employ and pay their own men, but also for every particle of coal consumed in the trials. The Government certainly allows the Monkey, or any other steam-vessel disengaged at the, time, to be present at the trials, but they take care that inventors do not interfere in the least with the other duties of the tugs. The Monkey steam-vessel, Master-Commander Bryant, was employed at an early hour this morn ing in assisting to take the Archer steam-sloop out of the basin into the harbour, and then came alongside the wharf-wall of the dockyard to take on board several hundred fathoms of powerful mooring chains to moor the convict ships, now removed to their former station opposite the Royal Arsenal. Intelligence was received on Saturday that Mark Thompson, one of the convicts who recently escaped from the Royal Arsenal, has been captured in Scotland. An express messenger arrived at Woolwich shortly after eleven o'clock, a.m., to-day, with an order from the Admiralty that the Enterprise and Investigator, the vessels recently returned from the Arctic regions, should be immediately coppered and expedited with the greatest dispatch. It is evident, from this order, that it has been decided to dispatch these vessels as early as they can be got ready, and that they will proceed round Cape Horn to Bhering's Straits, as it would have been superfluous to have them coppred had it been intended to send them again in the spring direct to the North Sea in the direction of Davis' Straits. This arrangement is considered by those who have been engaged in the recent Arctic expedition as the most advisable to be adopted, as the direction of Lancaster Sound, Barrow's Straits, and Prince Leopold's Inlet, is now amply supplied with provisions and means of cooking them, should Captain Sir John Franklin's party return by that route, one of Redpath's im proved boat-stoves having been left with the provi sions. It is made of copper, and not liable to injury from the weather; and although only 56tbs. in weight capable of cooking for twenty men, besides having a teakettle, a baking and frying pan in operation at the same time, with an excellent oven. Every one in terested in the safety of the enterprising navigators V' rift ---.\,\ will be gratified to learn that the Adfni t ji .----- 3 forethought in so perfectly providin '' "he-ar&SiliC .- \ 0 /t ow officers and crews of the Erebus a ' 4 .--- - a 'a- - 0411 , 1 t . .l '. L that they now intend using the means ti Akkr- et 1 ,-/,... 4 :,/--4i in another direction. r ,\;,., .-,, (--_---,/ ; 1 / 4 .."-'4VI The Archer steam•sloop has taken it tiqwtf...-AV coals on board, and is now in the barb u 143,1411Ap ii 1 oi , be taken to Devonport on the arrival of the Sampson steam-frigate. It is understood the Archer will be immediately commissioned on her arrival at Devonport. APPOINTMENTS. Mate—Mountford Stephen Lovicle Peile (1849) to the Pllvetou, 50 gun frigate, Sheerness ; Augustus Thomas John Bullock (1849) to the Terrible steam frigtte, at Woolwich. Midshipmen—John 0. Kidd to the Impregnable flag ship at Devonport ; Wellesley Gregory to the Contest at Portsmouth. Naval Cadets--Sidney Shore to the Fisguard frigate flag ship at Woolwich ; John Gifford to the Stromboli steam-sloop ; and George W. Bloxsome to the Phaeton. SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS. CHRONICLE—The regulation of the private expenditure of individuals is a subject in regard to which the doctrines of polittaal economy and the rules of social morality require to be adjusted with some discrimination. It is impossible to dispute the position of Mr. Sidney Herbert, that people will, as a general rule, buy where they can buy cheapest—and it were idle to expect that the mass of mankind should do otherwise. The law of competition is a natural, and in the long run, beyond all doubt, a wholesome law. But, like other good things in this imperfect state, it has its drawbacks and its abuses—evils which are incidental to it, although nut of its essence ; whereas those of the opposite system—monopoly —are the natural and inherent vices of a false principle. A free outlet for surplus producers is the true antidote for an excess of competition —the necessary safety valve for a redundant labour-market. Here, in Eng land, at the present day, the harvest is relatively small, and the labourers are too many. We must send them forth to a field where the harvest is more abundant, and where the hands to reap it are still too few. This is the corrective which a sound political economy prescribes—the true social remedy for a social disease. But so long as that disease exists (and it is clearly one which it will require time to cure), there are obligations of a private kind which humanity and justice impose upon individuals—inasmuch as by the disposal of their private expenditure, in one way or another, it is in their power, in nosmall degree, either to aggravate or to assuage those terrible calamities which grind down the victims of an intense and unlimited competition. We believe that the commercial reputation of this country, and the principles of justice to the public and of mercy to the poor, have been grievously compro mised, within the last few years, by that rage for buy kg and selling articles below their honest and intrinsic value, the visible signs of which are so obtrusive in this metropolis. Let us not be misun• derstood. The cheapness that arises from abundant supply and unrestricted markets is a great blessing; but there is a fictitious and bastard cheapness which is but another name for extortion and oppression. The system of " puffing," with all its modern excrescences and refinements—its elaborate apparatus of advertising vans, processions, and placards—its lying legends of " Extensive Bankruptcies," " Tremendous Sacrifices," and " Selling under Prime Cost"—with all the other tricks, " dodges," and evasions which an uncon scionable cupidity gives rise to—this system, we say, while it has made the fortunes of a few unscrupulous individuals, has gone far to deteriorate the standard of mercantile honesty, and relax the strictness of private dealings. To buy waistcoats or shirts "for the million" at a price which can neither cover the value of an honest article nor yield a subsistence to the miserable being who has produced it, can never be really an advantageous, nor is it, if strictly weighed, an equitable transaction. In the first place, enormous puffing is extremely costly, and must, as a matter of course, be charged on the customer. But the difference between the price paid and the real value of the commodity which the seller professes to supply is infalliby compensated—aye, and much more than com pensated—by the inferiority of the material, and by those numerous artifices which ingenuity has devised for giving to vamped-up and counterfeit merchandize the aspect of a genuine and valuable article. To meet the desire for cheapness thus stimulated, the manufacturer, in his turn, is led to debase his produc tions—and the demand of the retail dealers for spurious wares, " made to sell," deteriorates the fabrics and damages the character of our provincial marts of industry. It is a common complaint, that many staple articles of domestic manufacture are not made now of as good quality as they used to he in former days. And no wonder.—if the public are no longer willing to pay a remunerative price for them. The wholesale market naturally follows the demands of the retail; and the "devil's dust" of the factory towns is the natural correlative of the "cheap out fitting shops" of the metropolis. But another mode by which these mushroom establishments are enabled to carry on their system is, beyond all doubt, that of screwing down to the lowest point the wages of those who work for them All the evi dence which our Special Correspondents have elicited proves this fact. To enable the "cheap shops"' to run their gambling and mischievous career—underbidding one another, ruining the honest tradesman, and frequently, in the end, se t m h p em str se es le se e s s also—the miserable weavers, tailors, and are compelled to take less and less, until the impulse of self-preservation drives them to crime or prostitu tion. It would be well if the purchaser of the tick eted velvet mantle or the flashy satin waistcoat which perplex all calculation by their cheapness, would re flect sometimes at what a fearful cost of body and soul to the spirit-broken artisan their under-priced finery has been obtained. We are quite aware that the buyer of cheap goods of the more common de scription is, not unfrequently, himself almost as much the victim of necessity as the unfortunate beings whose labour has produced them. The extreme re duction of prices which prevails is, to a great extent, the consequence of that very pressure of the times which .has contracted so greatly the means of pur chasers. Those who are under the alternative of buying cheap, or else of going without the' necessa ries of their station, must not be judged too harshly. But there is a love of bargain-making for its own sake, which carries away some persons who have not the apology of necessity. Men may be found — and we fear we must add women also—free and self indulgent enough in their personal expenditure, to whom, nevertheless, the achievement of a " surprising bargain" is an object of indefatigable pursuit and of unbounded self congratulation. For the sake of this paltry triumph, which flatters their vanity snore than it saves their purse, they will stoop to many mean shifts, and they will often undergo no trifling sacrifice of self respect. They will forsake the established and well reputed tradesman of the neighbourhood, who has a moral claim on their support, and will run after any reckless adventurer, without capital cr character, who only undeisslls his honest rival by plundering his creditors. They will make themselves accessaries before the fact to fraudulent bankruptcies, or participants in the still greater wrong of depress ing the wages of industry below subsistence point. These things, we know, are often done in utter ignorance, or from mere want of reflection ; but it is high time that, in matters which involve the condi tion of the working classes of England, ignorance and thoughtlessness should prevail no longer. The ignorance we are ourselves doing all that in us lies to dispel—the thoughtlessness we would fain amine by the remarks which we now ofThr, in the hope of exciting some, who may be self convicted of their truth, to a juster consideration of what they owe to their fellow-creatures. " Live and let live," rightly understood, is a golden maxim—the spirit of which requires that we should take no advantage of the necessitous, and be no partakers with the overreach ing ; that we should be content with an honest profit for what we sell, and be willing to give a remunera tive price for what we buy. There is no discordance between these moral duties and the conclusions of sound political economy, which are, in other phrase, the laws of nature. We may buy in the cheapest market, but we must still have a conscience in our dealings. We may guard ourselves against the exactions of monopoly, but we must not avail our selves of the abuses of competition. SOI3TII•WESTLRN RAILWAY. The secretary has intimated, by circular, to the shareholders, that at the approaching special meeting every opportunity will be afforded them of instituting the fullest and freest inquiry into the charge brought against the dir ec tors, adding, that the charge in question is founded on a total misapprehension of the circumstances. DEATH OF DOWAGER LADY PrnENcix.—We have this day to . record the death of the Dowager Lady Ffrench, which event took pl a ce on Friday, the 7th inst., at her residence in Glenloe, near this town, in the 83d year of her age. Iler Ladyship was daughter of the late Thomas Itedington, Esq., of Bileornon, end aunt of Thomas N. Redington, Under-Secretary fur Ireland. The last thirty years of her Ladyship's life have been devoted to the alleviation of the we.nts of the poor, to whom she was an unbounded benefactress. Charity the most extensive, with all the other Christian virtues, were the last thoughts of this benevolent and much regretted lady.— Gulic.iy Vindicator. SERIOUS FIRE IN I\IANCIIESTER.—A serious fire took place on Sunday afternoon, at the wet Its of Messrs. Lillie and Sous, millwrights end muchine-makers, Store street. The whole of the building was almost de stroyed, and upwards of 400 people will be thrown out of employment by this sad event. The fire originated in the top story of the Luilding, but no one has yet been able to ascertain the origin of it. The loss is stated to be upwards of 23,0001., and the property is insured in the Atlas and West of England Fire-offices for 8,2001. It is expected that there will be some sal vage, as a portion of the outside walls, with come machines and a 30-horso engine, bus been save ""loin the general wreck. Y•)