The Sun. — London, England, 1855-11-24 00:00:00

MONEY MARKET AND C 0 DIMEROIAT., INTELLIGENCE. CITY, Two o'CLoCK. In the Liverpool Cotton Market yesterday there was rather more firmness, and less disposition to sell at the extreme decline of the two or three pre vious days. The sales were estimated at 6,000 bales, 1,000 on speculation and for export. The quotations, according to the standard adopted by the brokers' association at the market, were as follows :—Fair Uplands sid. ; fair Mobile 611. ; and fair Orleans 6gd. per lb. The Railway Share Market opened with a steady feeling, which, how ever, was not maintained, and prices at the close were rather lower than in the early part of the clay. The Bank of England weekly return is to the 17th instant, and shows a slight increase in the amount of bullion which was not generally ex pected. In other particulars the statement, upon the whole, is a satisfactory one. The reserved notes show a largo augmentation Active Circulation Decrease Bullion £19,422,230 340,860 11,263,224 Increase 28,786 3,220,897 12,314 4,110,130 Increase Public Deposits Increase Other Deposits Decrease Seven-Day and other Bills Increase Government Securities Other Securities Decrease Notes unemployed Increase 504,772 10,886,746 279,323 982,219 39,469 10,124,843 17,787,150 92,414 5,239,530 356,325 The question of introducing a uniform basis in the metallic currency of the Germanic Confedera tion continues to engage the attention of the finan cial circles of the Continent. The petty States look to Prussia and Austria as the principal arbiters in the matter. Notwithstanding the departure of M. Brentana for the present from the field of discus sion, these States have the question still pending between them, and it is expected that the monetary conference will be renewed again in February, 1856. This matter is one of great importance, not only to Germany but to Europe generally. It will prove a boon to all when a better description of money is introduced instead of the present heterogeneous collection of coins. The main question is—Shall the basis be gold or silver ? Prussia inclines to the former ; whereas Austria considers that silver would be most beneficial, and that gold be quoted as a com • modity. Another financial proposition has been attract ing the attention of these States, viz., to establish a► federal Bank to regulate the paper circulation of Central Europe. The petty states entertain the matter favourably, but the Austrian Minister of Finance has pronounced against it as interfering with the privileges and freedom of the banking in rests throughout Germany. Accounts from Munich announce that the King e Bavaria has signed signed an ordonnance which prohibits the circulation of foreign paper money in his kingdom, in consequence of the recent de cree to the same effect by the King of Prussia within his dominions. The Paris Stock and Share Markets opened heavily yesterday, and declined during the day. There was every disposition on the Bourse to establish the 3 per Cent. Rentes at the previous high quotations, but speculators for the rise failed In doing so, and they fell 20c. for money and 10c. for the account. A. fall of 25c. took place in the 4i per Cents. The English Stock market has been without animation to-day, and prices have ruled heavy at the lowest range of yesterday. The effect of the Bank of England return is counteracted by the increasing stringenc;r of the money market. Con sols for transfer elm le at 88g for money, and 88i for account. The New 3 per Cents. have been 87} to 87k, and the Reduced 87i- to 87i. Bank Stock is 209, and India Stock 224. Exchequer Bills have been lls, to Bs. discount, being rather higher. In the Foreign Market there is very little change to notice, except in the Turkish 6 per Cents., Which haVe declined to 801 and 80i. The New Scrip is steady at 3I discount. Spanish 3 per Cents. are firm at 38k, the New Deferred at 20, and the Passive at 6i. Equador remained at 5. Chilian are marked 99, and. Brazilian 5 per Cents. also at 99 4 Nothing was done in Dutch Bonds. The following e.re the nominal prices of foreign stocks : Grenada Deferred Bonds, 6 to 7 ; Mexican, 19k i¢ ; Peruvian, 74 to 76 ; ditto Three Per Cents., 52 to 54; Portuguese Four per Cents., 41 to 46 ; Russian Five per Cents., 94 to 96 ; ditto Four-and-a-HEM per Cents., 85 to 88; Spanish No Deferred, 19k to 20 ; ditto Three per Cents., 3 8f to ; ditto Certificates, 4i to 4l ; ditto Pas sive, 5i to 6i. Railway Shares have ruled very dull, and gene rally at a alight decline. Caledonian, North- Western, and one or two others were about ss. lower. South-Western and Great Western ruled firm. Foreign Shares were without any particular Change. In the Mining, Banking, and Miscellaneous Shares the business transacted was without any feature of interest. BRITISH FUNDS THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK. (From as Oflcial List.) Business done Bank Stock ... - 3 por Cent. Reduced Annuities Z per Cent. Consols Annuities BBs i New 3 per Cent. Annuities India Stock India Bonds, £lOOO .......... Ditto, under £lOOO . ... 5 d Consol s for Account BBi i E tehequer Bills, '2 i t £1000 £5OO Breall . szehequer Bonds 1858,3] per Cent.... 98i 7i Ditto 1859, ~ ... 981 7i PRICE OF FOREIGN FUNDS AT ONE O'CLO: K. Brazilian Bonds 5 per Cent. .. Ditto Small Chilian Bonds, 6 por Cent 95 Eqnador Bonds Spanish Bands, 3 per Cent 3Bi Ditto Now Deferred, 3 por Cent. Ditto Passive . 6A Turkibh Bonds, 6 per cent — Ditto for the Account BO /1 Ditto New Scrip, 4 per Cent. Ditto for the account 3i d Dividends on the above payable to London. TWO O'CLOCK. Consols §B g3 i Ditto for Account Dec. 6 Counr-MARTIAL.—At a general court-martial held at camp near Sebastopol, on the Bth of Nov., by order of his Excellency General Sir James Simpson, G.C.8., Commanding the Forces, dated the 31 Nov., No. 3,461, Private Stephen Hayes, 68th Regiment, was tried upon the following charge :—" For having, Camp before Se bastopol, on or about the 9th d a y f Feb , when on guard in the trenches, deserted to the enemy from the 68th Regiment, Light Infantry," of which charge the Court found the prisoner " Guilty." Sentence. —The Court, having found the prisoner guilty of the charge preferred against him, which being in breach of the articles of war, and having received evidence of his gene ral very bad character and of his previous convictions, do now adjudge him, the prisoner, No. 3,461, Private Stephen Hayes, 68th Regiment, to be kept in penal ser vitude for the term of life, in such place as one of her Majesty's principal Secretaries of State may from time to time direct. AGREEMENTS BETWEEN LANDLORDS AND TENANTS. —Much uncertainty having existed as to the legal nature of the agreements on paper between landlords and tenants, the following communication to the proper authorities, and their reply, will be interesting to all concerned :—"To the Commissioners of Inland Revenue, Somerset -house, London.—Aliddlesbro, Aug. 18, 1855. —Sirs,—The seaport town of Middl es b ro , in the county of York, contains about 14,000 inhabitants, and many dwelling -houses and shops are let from quarter to quarter, and from year to year, upon written memo randums of agreement, where the rents are under 201. a year, and as some difference of opinion exists respecting the proper stamp duties to be paid on such agreements, your opinion is requested, whether the com mon lease stamp for such agreements will be sufficient, or what other stamps (if any) will such memorandums require f—Your most obedient servant, Wm. MYERS, solicitor." Answer : —"lnland Revenue, Somerset House, London, August 27, 1355.—Sir,—The board having had before them your letter of the 18th instant, I am directed, in reply,'to state that the documents therein whether the tenancy be from quarter to quarter, or from year to year.—l am, sir, your obedient servant, Tuogs. Fnicaa,—)y. Myers, En.", Rest T. _R B , l)'N, LONDON, SATURDAY Rv AMINO, NOVRAIRE - R - 24, 1855. (Aberdeen.. Do. N 0.2, 7 p. o. i4l7thsn3Tyn !Op, c. praf. (is,- ‘. l . & Cx. 4 p. c. St Do, 4 p. C. Sham.,. _',liedonian £lO .',bcstcr Guar. 5i per cent. Do. do. Prof. No. 2. Do. do. Pref. No. 2.. Cork eißandonsip.e Duii.Prtit .47 ber.J. Anglian Us. A Sb. Do. do. Cis. B 6 p. c. Do. do Cis. C 7p. c. Pastern Counties Ex - tension, 5 p. c. No. _Jo. No. 2 . Do. Now 6 r . c. St EaA Un., G. 6 p. c Do. 5/., 10 per cent. ')o. 161. Dcbentr.Sl, Do. do. 4 per cant mast LancasE 6 t) C+ &W. York. J. sths PAIL &Dun.lp.c Farne , s I:ap. & S. W. G. 5 p. c r.ireLt Northn.s p. c 'to. 5 p. c. Redeem. at 10 p. c. prem... 1 1 .03 110 104 - 106 90 -- 92 20 1.5 ~2 —s~ 15 - 16 5i z e Ipar— -1i -- 121 • •• --..-"" 59 12 - 314 104 - 106 95 -- 98 Do. 4; p. e Do. 5 p.c. Scrip, Red at 5 p. c. pm... .... • It.N. of Scot.l.st.Pre Gt. 0,,f,1 W. (Ireland) Do. 4per c. Pr,f. Si Gt. Westn. (Barks A [rants Lx. 5 p. c) Do.con. red. 4i p.c D'). con. rod. 4 p. c id in 01 9i 10 St. 20 rio all 100 10 6 1100 100 100 all 6 -- 66 F 5 -- 90 80 -- F 5 60 -- F 5 96 -- 10 15i -- 164 94 -- 10 67 -- 69 17 -- 18 84 -- 9 34 lA -- 1 44 1:!0 - 132 Do. in'ed. 4p.c. Do. firm. Pref. 51)... Do. Chester 8 p. c.P S Do. do. 5 p. c. Do. Birm. Gua. Stk Do. Ches. Gua. Sh.. Do. do. do Do. do. do Lau. & York. P. £2' Do. 6 p. c. Stock & Brie. G. 5 p.c. Do. Prof., 5 p. c. St. Do. Now Guar.6 p. e Do. do. 5 per cent Con. &.N. W., Coy. e .eun.oaton 5 p. et Lon. & S. W. 7 per ct Londy. &Color. Sh. Londy. & Ennis. S; Kan., Shef., & Liz New, £lO 4 ID°. £6 St. 12• 12 7 10 100 100 101 100 100 100 ' , larypt.&Carl.4p c ,)o. 43 per cent D 0.., Consol.6 p.e.Sl Do. Consol. BriEtol Bina. 3 per oont.. - • Do. 4 ; 1 p. c. Pref. S , Do. Pref. 4 ): per cot; Do. 5/. Pr. f. 4 p. c. Ditto L. & H. Pref. S , Norfolk Detei.iture Do. Pref. 4 p. e. Stc,.• Do. G p.c. Ext D. 5.i per et.pref Do. Way. Val. 5 p. o North British j AT. E. Be , -w, 4 p.c. P Do, do. do Do Leeds 6 p.c ;No.) Do. do. Quarters 4 Do. & Pur North Staffordshire. Oxford, Worcester, Wolverh. Xl5, 6 p.O Do R. Pref. 101. Sh. Scot. Cent. , New Pre south Devon 20 12A 25' 20 10, 84 25 10 1.0. G Do. fixed, 4i per con+ 3. Eastern (Readiup Anu.) of £1 Os. 6d. Do. 4i per cent Do. Fixed 4i p c sh. 3. Waits Gua. 4 p. c. Do. do. 42 p. c 3.Yorksh.4p.c.Gus.p. Stock. & Dar. , 5 p. c. Do. do. do Stock. & llartl. g. t p. a. till July 1,'56 Mated& & Kilk. 6 p c 10 20 20 20 [OO all all all 103 4i 89i 8,1 Pn , Ira MISCELLANEOUS. 25 17. Australian Agricult, 25A 263 264 le al' Australn. Royal Mai „„ 5 10 81 Berlin Water Works 7 7i a d 50 40 grit. American Jran' 10J 321 Canada 3O 135 St. 100 Canada Gov. 6p. ci Jan. and July to7 108 ; 0743 5 all Crystal Palace 2 21 21 5 5 Do. Preference 4l 41 all Crystal Pal. of Franc ... 1 g Dnston Iron Ore 20 11 Eastern Steam ..• 5 all En. &Aus Cop Sm Co 25 24 Electric Telegraph l7 18 174 1 all Electric Toleg. of Ir. 5 all Gen. Iron Sc Collier 15 14 Gen. Steam Navigat. le all General Screw Stean 20 10 Irish Beetroot Suga. 20 10 Magdalena St. Navin 10 all Aediteran. Elec. Tel. 8 10 10 9 Mexican&S,Amoricn 54 - 64 6 1 all Nat. Pat. Steam Fue - 10 5 Netherlands Land. , , , 11 1i 10 all Do. Do. - 3 5 1 Do. 8p c P iss at 1d 1 dia— par 2 1 N. S. W. Coal & Inter. Steam Navigat. Co. 100 80 New B. &N.S.La nd 1 all N. B. Australasian_ g 20 15 Nrth. of EuropoStaan 1 all Oriental Gas 1 2a. Do. " New Shares " t all Peel Rr. Ld. & Mine. 2 24 5: all Poninsnlarty Orleuta 63 9 50 10 Do. Now 2 all Portland Iron Co ••• •.. 100 60 i!oyal Mail Steam ••• 1 all Scot. Austral . Inv. st. 10 ig 1 4 Ditto New 2T. all South Austral. Lam? 34 35 I al: Submar. Tel. Scfp 1 all tio. Registered — 4 20 5 Tr: st& L. Co.U. Can 1.00 2Ri Cr :13 - 15 MARKET NEWS.—(This Day). LAW INTELLIGENCE—( This Day.) QUEEN'S BENCH. (Sittings in Banco, before Lord Chief J'usklee Campbell, Justices Coleridge, Wightman, road Brie.) THE QUEEN ON THE PROSECUTION OF CH ARE ES NORWOOD, A PILOT, V. THE MASTERS OF THE TR,`.NI" OY HOUSE. The Attorney-General appeared to show 'cause against a rule nisi calling upon the Masters of the Tr tnity House to show cause why a mandamus should noti sew e against them commanding them to reinstate a pilot man :ed Norwood, a Cinque Pjrt pilot of Deal, whom they h ad discharged on alleged intoxication. The learned 11.ttt xney-General said the pilot was originally appointed. ;by the Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, and two qu'etitions arose : the first whether the court could posslbl3 - interfere in this matter ? and secondly, whether on ti ie merits of the case the mandamus ought to go ? Auth , nity was vested in the Trinity House by custom, the a clurity of the Crown, and various statutes, to use their discretion in the annulling or revoking the licences of the pilots. Lord Campbell—Are we asked to cc insider whether the members of the Trinity House did right or wrong in exercising their discretion under the acts of Parliament ? The Attorney-General said that that wns what was asked. Lord Campbell said if the Board had hoard the case against tho pilot and had adjudicated the re on, the court could nct compel them to review their dt tc.;sion. Sir F. Kelly, who appeared fur the A, said three points arose in this case : first, that Nor wt )od had been dismissed unheard and without a trial ; secondly, that he was dismised without cause ; and thir 7, that under the various acts for the regulation of tie pilots the Corporation of the Trinity 1101138 had no 1 ?ow: r to dis miss a pilot appointed by the Lord NVardea c f the Cinque Ports ; or, at all events, not in the way Yorwood had been dismissed. The Attorney-General having detailed Vie merits of the case, Sir F. Thesiger, with whom was Mr. Mc me, were heard against the rule. _ _ Sir F. Kelly said the applicant was ap pointed pilot of the Cinque Ports in 1837 by the late Duke of Wel lington, who was at the tame Lord V, ra rden of the Cinque Ports, and from the terms of tha t appointment it was an office given to a person who h: id established his competency to discharge the duties of - the office so long as he behaved well and was competent . , to discharge them ; and, in pursuance of that app of ntment, he had exercised the functions of a pilot, .and been a member for eighteen years of the society or brother hood of pilots, and paid 2001. towards; the super annuation fund cf that society—a society which had been in existence from time immemorial. The words of the licence were that the pilot should cool it •ue his office so long as he should be found capable of j iri )perly exer cising the same, and "fully conform hims elf' to the bye laws, rules, orders, &c.," or "until this bice .nce shall be annulled, superseded, or adjudged to be fc, al. _sited by the Lord Warden, &c." The proposition he , (the learned counsel) contended for was that it did not al 'pear by the acts of Parliament having reference to the pi lots and the Trinity house that the powers granted to the Lord Warden were not transferred from him to. - the Trinity- • house ; but, supposing such was the case, the proceedings for the Lord Warden to adopt on a co mplaint being made to him against a pilot was to try a hearing, trial, and judgment ; not certainly according to. the forms of a court of justice, but such as would give the party ac cused an opportunity of hearing the charges :made against him, and of producing evidence on his behalf in answer to the charges so made. These acts gave no appeal, and it was only reasonable to suppose that a man (who was by these proceedings ruined for life) should have the opportunity of proving his innocence. This appoint ment was made before the change relative to annual licences. Mr. Bramwell, Mr. Collier, and another learned counsel baying been heard on the same side, The rule wa• discharged. CRIMINAL COURT OF APPEAL, TEEM QUEEN T. GORDON. This morning was appointed for the learned fudges to give their judgment, in the appeal of the defendant against his conviction, relative to his not surrendering to his bankruptcy. The defendant was a partner with a per son named Davidson, against whom indictments will be preferred at the ensuing Criminal Court relative to forged warrants. On their lordships taking their seat; the Lord Chief Justice said they should wish the case to be re-argued, and appointed Friday next for that purpose. POLICE INTELLIGENCE.—(This Day.) THAMES. SHAMEFUL OVERCROWDING OF FERRY-BOATS. -- IM. PORTANT TO THE PUBLIC.—In consequence of a complaint made to Mr. Ingham on a former day of the shameful overcrowding of the ferry-boats between the Isle of Dogs, on the Middlesex shore, and Greenwich, on the Kent shore, the magistrate directed inspector Smith of the K division to make inquiries on the subject, and call the attention of the Court of the Waterman and Lighter man's Company to the evil. This morning Mr. Gillett, beadle and inspector of the company, who was accom panied by inspector Smith, waited on Mr. Ingham, and stated that the ferry between the Isle of Dogs and Greenwich was a private one called Potter's-ferry, and leased to a company. There had been continued litiga tion about that ferry, which originated in a grant of King James the First, and had been most injurious to the public interests. Complaints were made by the harbour masters of the overcrowding of the boats by the watermen• who leased Potter's-ferry, and they referred the matter to Mr. Evans, the superintendent of the Thames Police, who was unable to repress the evil complained of, and said that it was a question of law. He (Mr Gillett) had received instructions previously, and had waited on the watermen working the Potter's-ferry, and warned them of the dangerous practice of overloading their boats on a stream where large and small steam ships were in constant motion. The Putter's-ferry watermen said they would do as they liked, and carry as many as they liked. He then laid informations against three of the watermen, George Harvey, for car rying 21 passengers in his boat at one time, Thos. Keys, 12, and Wm. Giles, 16. Mr. Ingham—Howmany can their boats carry in safety at one time? Mr. Gillett—They all navigate skiffs capable of carry ing eight persors only in safety. The company would have licensed them for eight persona only. The three men were summoned to the court of the Watermen's Com pany for violating the bye-laws of the company, and they were all committed. The defendants had appealed to the Quarter Sessions against the convictions, and it was expected the case would be turned into a special one for the Court of Queen's Bench. Mr. Ingham—Then nothing can be done to remedy this fearful evil at present. Mr. Gillett—Nothing, sir ; but the public have in some measure the remedy in their own hands. The week be fore last an important case was heard in the Court of Queen's Bench respecting the "Newcastle plying-place," 800 yards below Potter's-ferry. The proprietors of that ferry claimed the whole island, and contended that it was illegal to carry passengers from the Newcastle plying place, which was constructed by Alderman Cubitt on his property, where he has built a new town. The judges decided that the Newcastle plying-place was out of the jurisdiction of the Potter's-ferry, and qualified watermen free of the company had a right to ply for hire there. The Newcastle plying-place is marked by the company. The watermen plying there are subject to the rules and regulations of the company, an d dare not overload their boats. Mr. Ingham thanked the beadle of the Waterman's Company for his explanations, and said if any accident arose to persons or property by the overloading of the Potter's-ferry boats the owners of the boats would be liable to serious consequences. ?4)., , vt,-.:4eggt—ims "OsNS.' —4'4" SUN OFFICE, Six o'Clock. THE KING OF SARDINIA. We have authority for stating that a telegraphic despatch was received this afternoon at the Sar dinian Embassy, from Paris, intimating that the King of Sardinia will leave that city on Thursday next, the 29th inst., and arrive at Dover on Friday morning. A special train will be in readi ness to convey his Majesty and suite to London. On arriving at the Bricklayers' Arms station the Royal party will proceed along the same line of route to Windsor as was taken by their Imperial Majesties the Emperor and Empress of the French, on the occasion of their recent visit to this country. THE WAR AND OUR RESOURCES. TO TRE EDITOR OF TELE SUN. " Commerce furnishes those means by which war may be successfully carried on in such a manner as to cause a safe and honourable peace." These words of Lord Palmerston, on a late public occasion (Guildhall Banquet), are deserving of the gravest consideration under the circumstances in which the country is placed. The resources of England for the vigorous prosecution of the war depend on the prosperity of our commerce. Yet, at a time when commerce is in as sound a state as ever was known, and no pretence exists for depressing the prices of manufactures on the plea of speculation, I that commerce is in course of prostration by an artifi cial value given to money. Exorbitant interest is imposed on trade, in the vain hope of enabling the Bank of England to recover the treasure it has lost under an absurd act, which, fixing the price of gold in this country, offers, during war, a premium on its exportation. Nor can it be wondered at that gold should go abroad, when we hear " that the allies are taxing all the wealth and icgenuity of the civilised world to secure subsistence."—(Times, Nov. 21,) The fact is, that the requirement of Government for payment of supplies to our army is at the rate of about half a million a month, and that about seven millions in gold have been already sent to the East for that purpose--that the requirement of France is nearly double that amount ; and that none of this gold returns, or ever will return to the West, being hoarded by the natives into whose pockets it finds its way, in the absence of Banks and means of invest. ment. The consequence of the drain will be to leave us shortly without any circulating medium, and in the ab sence of gold, under our laws, to reduce us to a state of barter. Hence the declaration of the Times several weeks ago, that if the war were to be carried on with vigour, a change must be made in our monetary system. Now, as the Times is looked upon by many as an authority on these suhjects, I am desirous, at such a crisis, to invite attention to the question that journal has lately raised, viz., Whether the War or our Cur rency laws must be abandoned? This is the upshot of the declaration referred to; but to open the case fairly, I will quote the entire para graph. "The question whether the war expenditure is beyond the means of the country must be boldly met. If it be upon a scale to involve a permanent drain of gold, there is no alternative but to lower it, or to prepare ourselves for that mitigated form of national bankruptcy which consists in a suspension of specie payments."—Times, Oct. 6, 1555. The alternatives announced are—curtailment of our war expenditure on the one hand, and, on the other, the abolition of an act which is crippling our commerce, and destroying our energies. That a journal whose pride it is to support a just and necessary war should have hesitated between these alter natives, is certainly inatter of surprise. Nothing less than a proposal for the abandonment of Peel's Act of 1844 could have been expected to follow such an announce ment. Up to the present time, however, no sign has been made but of a determination to uphold that act to the uttermost (see City Article, Oct. 25), while the only remedy which is prescribed as the alternative of reducing our war expenditure is stigmatised as a disgrace to the nation. Yet the remedy is similar to that which recently car ried France in safety through a revolution. The remedy is the same which carried England triumphantly through the last war, and by the extraordinary impulse it gave to commerce, enabled us to double our taxes without burdening the people. Were we at that time, it is asked, in a state of national bankruptcy, even though a principle, good in itself, was subjected to the abuse of over-issues ? Are we in a state bordering upon national bankruptcy now, because our gold currency is liable to be swept away, and the substitute of paper required? Does gold alone constitute wealth ? And is all the property of the richest country in the world of no value, because we have not gold to represent it I This indeed was the language of a late Chancellor of the Exchequer, who during the last panic actually con gratulated the country on the depression of the Funds and of manufactures, as offering an attraction to foreign ers to aid us with their capital. That currency, not capital, was required, was proved by the immediate effect of suspending the Act of 1844. The capital sup posed to be lost re appeared in a moment, and bankrupt England was again the gory' of the world. The law was suspended then. Why not suspend it now ? The present alarm would immediately cease. Orders would not be countermanded. The Manchester manufacturers would not be ground down by exorbitant interest, and thus be compelled to grind down their workmen. Good wages would make the high price of provisions comparatively little felt. The sinews of war I would be strengthened. Russia would suffer a greater blow than would result from a series of defeats. Nor would the absurdity be longer exhibited of England and Franco fighting side by side on the one hand for liberty, and on the other engaged in a ruinous struggle for gold. What prevents the realisation of these blessings ? an act of Parliament—the interest of those who profit by the fluctuations it produces—a supposition Go vernment necessarily understands the subject, and that the people need not give it a thought—that it is a banker's question, and not a philanthropist's —that the act brings gold into the country, and keeps it there— that commerce can flourish without an adequate and steady currency ; that all who deprecate such fond notions are interested parties ; and that currency re formers generally are visionaries and enthusiasts. These are some few of the prejudices and fallacies which induce people to hug the chain by which they are enslaved. As to the Act of 1844, I will only say that it was passed on very insufficient evidence. These are no new views. The effects of the Act were foreseen and de scribed before it was passed. They are recorded in the Parliamentary Evidence of 1848 on Commercial Die tress, and i❑ the report of the Lords' Committee. In the observations made with regard to this Act I by no means wish to join in an unmeaning cry against tbo Bank of England. She is compelled to carry out a blind law at whatever risk to herself or the country. She was told that the currency would regulate itself, and that in future she was at liberty to consult only the interest of her proprietors. If, therefore, she has fol lowed the rule laid down for her guidance, Sir R. Peel, and not the Bank, is to blame. Whatever difference of opinion may exist as to a re medy, all Reformers are agreed in the senselessness of a system which decreases the circulation, with the increase of trade, population, and wealth. A comprehensive re medy, however, cannot be successfully proposed till the country is more enlightened on that subject. In the meantime we must be content with palliatives. Suspension of the Act of 1844, with a view to the consideration of the whole question, is the least that the present crisis demands. The Times declares the ques tion must be " boldly met," but they have shrunk from meeting it themselves. 1 partial remedy, however, I would venture to suggest—not the alternative, they pre scribe, of " a suspension of special payments"—but that of a convertible issue, founded upon the admissions of that journal itself. In the City article of the 26th October the ssbject is thus treated :—" Supposing the circulation to be re quired solely for international commerce, no necessity would exist for gold being held against any part of it." It is here admitted that the circulation is twofold, one portion being required for domestic purposes, the other for the settlement of the balances of trade. Then wby not act upon the distinction ? Why not substitute paper for a portion of the gold now absorbed in domestic cir culation ! Such a limitedi ssue would bo in accordance with the rule laid down by Adam Smith, whereby a paper circulation may actually " bear a premium." The treasure obtained would enlarge our gold basis, and render our present circulation far more convertible than it now is, without any gold whatever to meet so large a portion as 14 millions. Having made these general remarks on the important declaration of the Times, I must be allowed to enter my protest against one obvious conclusion from their pre mises—that if the drain of gold becomes permanent, the war is beyond the means of the country. If this be true, the nation should know that its disgrace arises, not from weakness, but from laws, which are mischievous in peace, and impracticable in war. The drain of gold, however, is not altogether a legitimate and unavoidable one, as it is assumed to be. It is in a great measure superinduced by that law, which, fixing the price of gold in this country, contrary to all sound principle, causes its exportation whenever the market price exceeds our arbitrary price. Monied * men in tho City, and the directors of the Bank of England are, it is said, at variance in opinion as to the possibility of the act of '44 being upheld much longer, without havoc to commerce, under necessity of , the Bank saving her se lf " b y th e ru i n of all aroun d her.' It cannot be believed that Lord Palmerston will suffer this wanton destruction of the resources of war. If hee be true to himself and to the country, be will take the bull by the horns, and throw to the winds, no t onlyi 11 s tb act of '44, but any other impediment . to the ob ject in which he is engaged—the attainment servant, o g f o a r Eafe and honourable peace.—l am, sir, your obedientA BANKER. Nov. 23, 1855. Er; 1111. RE MARKET S. (TH.IS DAY.) R,IILW AY L 4.7 I: 4Aln, Itl!norß Prht.l yesterday. A.t)erdeca. . rabg. NottLg. Beat and Eastn. Juret, !Mast & Pallymon.A. Birraing. Wolverh Stear ..... e ihd. Cheshire Junet Do. Ches!h. & £5O tad £25 04 - ..na.' ..... 'lyth &Tyntorigiaa] £25 (istd. at £45) Bristol and Exeter Caledonian Oaral. and Ca, di gt , L Chester a ifol7hzaa. Cork and. Bsr.don.,. Blaek, & Pas.' Cornwall Do. A Do. B Cliefr Junction Du oli n &BolfastJun c. Pup. P. & Jnc. Do. N;w East Anglian EaR torn Counties__ I!.';3st. ':.rnion, A. Btl B. Stovt . Do., New East Keut East I.4tneashiro lEdinbarghet Glasgov Fdiab.t.nd Peebles... Edin.Prth &Puy Ie Forth k Clyde JE •. Furness . Do. Fxtension.. Plassro &S. Wester , 'Great 19. of Scotlnd. Great :Northern__ 'Do., • St- - wk 'Do., B. Stook (It. fith. /zWest.tlre ) Great 'Western D. Stour Val. Rai' ! Gus. 5tk...,.. !Irish South-Er.s t ern . le.nenster & Do., Thirds Do. New Thirds.., Ltsuoasi.2llldYorklY Wst.Ridingirr. , zSoutlipt ;London & Blackwal LOTIii. Bright &S.Cst. and N. 'Westn. Dc,. Zaffths TI)o. Eitsiltia3 Ltaido; and S. Wady Do., £SJ. Do. £4O Ludredrrydr. Col err Li , Ludwirry.&Ennisk - Mancli.Slief.& Lind; Do. 1 Shares, No. Do.,Mar. &Lin. la, Mctropoiitan Midland. Do..Birrang.&Derb: 110. Half Shares .111 Nomeastle At Carlisle. all Nnt.A.berg.tzlirfi. - 1 84 Newry &Euniskille; all . NTewry Warrenpoint and Rostrevor .D 0 Norfolk North %Counties II!). North British .„ ..... , North Dc.von, No. 1 Do., No. 9 A A Deferred._ Do., B Guaranteod N.Eastorrt—Berwiel• Do. do. Extension Do.do. G.N.E, ?arch Do. Leeds Do. York 'North London N.&S.Wetrn.,:fianyi stead, and City Jn,. North Staffordshire.. North Western v. & S. Wostrn. June Nuneaton, Ili.nekloy and Leiceoter Os, Wore.. Wolv. 'ortsraouth o.tish Ccntral Scottie h Midland ihropshiro Ulf oU.. south Devon South Eastern south Wales Yrksh. & RiT. DIM Do taines,Wok. &Wok tockton & Datil ito:ktou d; Hartlop'. raft Va2o.. . Do. Pref., No, 1, Thames }lay. P.& R LTlTorstone & Lanes: Vale of Heath Waterfd.Lenny Waterford&LimerielE West Cornwa West End of London and Crystal Palace Do. A Do. B West London... , Wirabledn &Croydon FOR: A ntwerp &Rotterdam Do. 5 p.c. 013lgs. con in at par till '64 Ardennes Belgian Eadu. Junc Beziers to a raisecfmar liombay, Daroda, C,.)ntral Do. Demerara Dutch Rhenish. Eastern of France Do. New East Indian, g. 5 p. c Do. EY'4•nsion Do. do. do., '59, do Gd. T. k of CanadaA is Do. St. Lawrence & Atlantic do. ...... Do. Cert. of Doben., con. into Stk. till '6; - )' Do. Corap. 6 p. c., do Pt. Central of Franc, Gt. Indian Pcninauh' guar, 5 per cent. Do. New 5 per cent . Do. Extensions...... Great Luiremboure Constituted Sham Do. Obligations Gt. Western of Canad Shame Do. New Do. Bds., payable's7, with option till '55.. Do. do., '62, p. '56... Do. do., '76, p. '60... Do. do., '73, without option 1 1E6 . 11111ton Torontri Do. 6 per cent. Lake Const. l Back Lierre and Turnhout Lyons and Glen , :va Lyons & Mediterran. I.adras Do. New Maria Antonia Do. do. New Namur & Lieg' ( cit 3 interest) Do. (ox interest) Northern of France D 0.20/. She Do. 20'. 3 p. c Bib (fmy.B.&Ams.Shs )1 NorwegianTrunkPre Paris and Lyons Ditto Bonds Paris and Orleans Paris and Roman— ParisCaen&Cherbrg Do Remo and Frascati' Rouen and Havre Royal Danish Royal Swedish Do. Obligations Sambre and MEMO Do. p. cent. Pref Se iuda Do Southern of France.. St. Andrew's and Quebec (A),,„ West Flanders Do Si per o. Prof,,, ' Western of France— Do Zealand JOINT-STOI y~:~e*nln.~i~. `Bank of London ..... i;ri. Col. Bk.& Lu C. 3rithia N. American Chartd. Bank of Asia , Jhrtd. Bnk. of India, Australia, & Chins City........ Colonial ...... : .... ...... Commercial of Lond. ilng.cot.& &us. Cht. Lond. Chart. Bk. of Australis . ....... )itto N0w...... ienden and County.. Lnd. &E. Bukg. Corp. Loudon Joiut Stock. & Westminstei iational Pro.of Eng. Do. New National of IrelaucL Now South Wales.... Oriental Bank of Corporation... rovincial of Ireland Do. New. .............. . Royal Austrodn.Bkg. & Gold Imp Co..- Rovil Union of Auttrzlia.. D. New V:1194 9 L 711.4911 22 - `3 3i - 'OF ..... ....11, 74 -7: 1.6 - 15 13 - 14 9 - 8 80 85 55i - 56 113 - 12! 5i - 5 - 6 11 - 12 8 3 - 8 73 27 29 17 - 19 67 - 63 49 - 51 9i - 9i 16 - 17 77 79 fi 86 87 71 72 'l7 139 101 IC3 49i boj, 70 - 75 6 - 7 6 - 7r 75 - 6 3 93 95 93i 944 lcil - - F4j - 85 8 - 7 64 • 5j 21i - id 63 63, 36 38 '1 7 43 - 45 27 67 68 84 8 e 5 4i , 11i 12 44i 45i 92 97 4 - 5,f ••• .... M. :00 -- 101 74 -- 75 42 -- 44 103 - 111 563 -- 574 301 -- 313 5 -- 3d 2d - pa - li :- 85 is~ is~, 19 •; 71 21 4 - 6 lON. 7# - 7i 2,1 --.. 20 4 2d, par , 1} - id 35 - 351 9 -10 f 201 - 21 - 11 ." 10 14 - 15 60 65 80 85 3} 3 ip 5 —5l id iP 3i . 3 1 2i - 3 21 - 22 - Iri 98 - 100 104 -10 S 108 - 11'2, 100 102 21 - 22 101 - 106 5i 6ipi 19 - 19. 7 9 2 - 3 41 - 51 0 - 5 35 -85 i 111 -12 j G 4 44t - 45 ii in • •• --- • .• ... - pm 19 - 20 2/ -2/ i 2 - 24 7/ - 8 i - i P ... - pm 34 - 4 .. - i 294 - 3O 18 - 19 BANKS. 90 - !-2 54 - 56 ii = i''d 58 7 io'd •~. ~` n~+ i5l - - 11 142 lied Ipar ii; II 41.• •••• ••• z 38 40 52 54 ••• ".'" •eo .ips "."' sr 71 - 73 - 9 .$0 31 Argent as da: e this day. ••• N. ... '"" ... 12i - 13 i - i '129 - 13 92 - 1-'4 14 - 1 4 - 96 - 98 88 -56 2i - :34 i id 93 - 97 12i —13 i id -- pa, 214 - 22 9) - 93 9 - 94 ... '''' ..- ••• 6 - - ... - 240 LLOYD'S SHIPPING.—(This Day.) LONDON, Nov. 24.—Wind this day at noon, S.W.; fight, wlth (PEE ELECTRIC TELEORAPTI.) LivEßrooL, &turd Ay Aim ning. Wind N. Airived—Rangor, from Gottenborg; Arabia, steam ,ransport, Portsmouth. QUEENSTOWN, Nor. 22. Wind N.N.E. Arrived —lsabella and Ann, from Syra ; Rio, Alexan dria. Sailed—Milano, for Hamburg ; Conqueror, Antworp. (B! SUBMARINE AND BRITISH TELEGRAM) GRAVESEND, Saturday, 9.46 a.m. "Wind W.; tide, V, hours' flood ; weather cloudy. Arrived, Nov. 23.—St. Fingus, from Stettin. DEAL, Saturday, 9.27 a.m. Wind N.N.W., light, hazy. Anchored - Senegal, for Constantinople ; Argyle, Savan. nah; Exact, Cape Coast Castle ; Pari-dan, Bombay Fife shire, Cardiff—all from London. Passed.—Camilla, from Portsmouth, for Sunderland. CITY OF LONDON THEATRE. —The grand opera at this eastern establishment has completely taken the neigh. bourhood by storm, the house being crowded to the roof each evening. Mr. Augustus Brahmin Mr. Leffler, Mr. Haines, Miss Rebecca Isaacs, and Miss Dyer are nightly rising in the estimation of the east-ende rs . Th e operetta of The Quaker, introducing Mr. Leffle r as th e Quaker, who will sing his popular song of the " Lads of the Village," will be played on Saturday, Tuesd a y, an d hursday, thus presenting a phalanx of attraction cer tainly never witnessed with such artistes in a minor theatre. We understand the grand opera of M aritani is to be produced most splendidly on 'Wednesday next. Messrs. Johnson and Nelson Lee deseree well of the public for their spirited management. SUICIDE. —Yestenlay, Mr. W , akley held an inquest at the Devonshire Arms, Duke-street, Manchest er - square, relative to the death of Mr. Robt. Clarke, aged 44 years : lately manager of the business of Messrs. Lazenby and Sons, sauce and pickle manufacturers, Edwards -street, Postman-square. Deceased had been 23 y ears i n t h e i r employ, and had for a long time resided on the premises in Edwards-street. It appeared that on Saturday Mr. Lazenby mentioned to deceased his intention to have some extensive alterations made in the pre m i ses , on which deceased became greatly excited,awl app aren tl y offended. The offensive manner in which he conducted himself led to an altercation, the result of w hi c h was t h e termination by deceased of his connexion with the esta blishment. During the whole of Saturday and Sunday the deceased's manner was very singular, and he ap peared much depressed. On Monday morning he ter minated his existence by swallowing a very large quan tity of Prussic acid. As there seemed no adeq ua t e cause for such an act a post - mortem examination was ordered, a,ud the mirgeon found a large ekt r.i t b e t w ,,, the dere, water and the bones of the skull, which sufficiently accounted for the mortal excit emen t An d Aberration. Verdict, " Slcide during insanity," GOLD -AND THE CURRENCY. s TO THE EDITOR OF M lliaxr R EDIT ADVERTISER. pos ble, Sir,—l have read wi th g reat interest your able arti. cies on the Currency. It is vitally necessary, if to awaken people's attention to all that is at stake • our national credit , our p rivate fortunes, our commerce and manufactur es, and our means of carrying ,11 the ce in which Lord Aberdeen and the P ee' e i tet a s haveciue tio vr n is a great entan gled us ! It is unfortunate that so - so obscure, that many able men who would be indignant at the supposition of their being ignorant of any other importan t subject, almost glory that theknow nothing of this the turning-wheel of all the business of life. lam glad to see that the people of Pa i sley a re g i v i ng a l esson to all the trading community, b sens ible resolutions against the y passing 'strong and continuance of a system which seems to have been invented by the monied class for their own special benefit- at the expense of every other. The following sketch of the way it works is not new, but needs repetition : When money is abundant and easy to be got (that is, when the Bank coffers are full of gold, and a large issue of notes is allowed), commerce and manufactures thrive, speculation is afloat, and prices of stocks, sharer, and rise, while interest of debt falls. Then the monied class sell chang e turns against us at a great profit. But soon the ex -perhaps owing to overtra din g , or a bad harvest requiring a ;treat importation of corn, ' r a (3 ' 4 - 1 Y war, or a mixture of causes—the gold 0 , ze; out of the c oun t ry an d ou t o f th e B an k, no t e s aro buried in place of it, circulation contracts, credit is restricted, interest rifles, failures crowd 0110 _ oiler the others luld _ ___ _ ___ ___ __ __ LC,. ,O. a 11 00 100 100 12; St. 50 40 3/ 2s 10 20 20 10 10 5 5 20 10 20 5 20 18 20 20 1.00 25 20i 20 : 100 20 I.oo i 20 I 20 20 31i 10 20 16 20 20 40 20 20 20 100 100 100 20 20 83 55 i 4 a 9:3 A i 4} 934 4 31 4 84 51 COVENT GARDEN. We had a steady demand here to-day, and last week's prices were well supported. The supplies were moderate. FRIIIT.—Pine apples, English, 4s to Gs per lb; colonial do., Os to Os each ; hot-house grapes, is 6d to 3s Od per lb ; foreign ditto, Od t o O s ; me l ons , is Od to 2s 6d each; peaches, 2s Od to 6s ; nectarines, is 6d to 4s per dozen ; apples, is Od to 2s Od per half sieve ; pears, 2s Od to 55 per half sieve ; plums, Os to Os per sieve ; green gages, Os per punnet; apricots, is Gd to ssod per doz.; common plums, Os Od to Os Cl per sieve ; cherries, Cd to Od per pound ; lemons, 4s to 8s Od per 100 ; oranges, 8s to lls per 100; fil berts, 6s to 8s per doz. lbs ; cobnuts, 9s to Os ; almonds, Os to Os per lb. ; walnuts, 8d to 10(1 per 100; figs, Os 9d to is Gd per doz ; strawberries, Od to Od per pottle ; goose berries, Os Od to Os Od per half sieve ; currants, Os Od to Os Od per half sieve ; raspberries, Od to Od per pottle. VEGETABLEss.—Greens, is 6d to 3s Od per doz. bunches; red ditto. 2s to 5s Od per dozen ; French beans, 2s 0,1 to 3s per half sieve ; brocoli, 6d to is per doz. ; potatoes, 85s to 115 s per ton ; vegetable marrow, 4d to is per doz. ; peas, 3s to 5s Od per bushel ; broad beans, is Od to 1s 9d per half sieve ; turnips, 2d to 4d per bunch ; carrots, 3d to 5d per bunch ; cucumbers, Os 2d to Os 6(1 each ; garlic, Gd to Os 8d per peund ; spinach, is 6d to 2s Od per sieve ; old onions, 4e to 5s por bushel ; new ditto, Os Od to Os per doz. bur ches ; leeks, Id to 2d per bunch ; shallots, 4d to 6d ; horse-raddish, 2s Od to 4s Od per bundle ; parsley, 2d to 3d per bunch ; celery, Os 9cl to is 3d per bunch ; endive, is 3d to 2s 3d per score ; beet, is Od to 2s per doz. ; parsnips, Os Gd to is Od per dozen ; small salad, 2d to 3d per punnet ; mushrooms, is 3d to is 9d per pottle ; artichokes, 3s to 4s per doz. ; cabbage lettuces, 9(1 to is Od per score ; sorrel, 6d to is per half sieve ; radishes, is to is 3d per dozen hands ; tomatoes, 3s to 4s per half sieve ; chillies, is to is 6cl per 100 ; Brussels sprouts, Os Od to Os per half sieve ; capsicums, is Od to 2s per 100 ; walnuts pickling, 6cl to is per 100; cauliflowers, is to 5s Od per doz. NEWGATE AND LEADENHALL. Turkeys, Os Ocl to Os Od ; Geese, 58 Od to 6s 6d each ; Ducks, 2s 3d to 2s 9d ; wild ditto, is Od to 2s Od ; rabbits, 10d to is 60. each ; Pigeons, 7d to 9d each ; large Surrey Fowls, Os Od to Os Od ; middling, is 9d to 2s 9d ; Chickens, is Gd to 2s Od ; Capons, 3s Od to 480 d ; Hares 2s Gd to 3s Gd ; Grouse, is 9d to 28 Od each ; Pheasants, 3s Od to 3s Gd ; pat Lridges, is 3d to is 9d each ; Guinea Fowls, 2s 6d to 3s Od each. Ostend fresh butter, lls Gd to 13s Od, and English 12s Od to 155 Od per dozen lbs. English Eggs, 98 Od to 10s Od ; French ditto, 5s Od to 7s Od per 120. NEWPORT. _ • _ Beef from 38 4d to 4s 6d ; mutton, 3s 6d to 4s 6d ; veal 3s 8d to 4s 8d ; pork, 3s 6d to 4s 101 per 81bs. WHITECHAPEL. Beef, from 3s 2d to 4s 6d ; mutton, 3s 4d to 43 6d ; veal, 3s 8d to 4s 8d ; pork, 3s 9d to 5s 2d per Sibs by the carcase. BILLINGSGATE. - - - Turbots, 2s Gd to 15s ; Brills, is Od to 5s each; Salmon, 2s Od to 3s Od per lb ' • Cod Fi9h, 2 s 6d t o 10s eac h ; S oles, 6d to 2s 6d per pair; Eels, 8d to i s Od per 1b ; Lo b sters, I s to 2s 6d ; Crabs, Gd to 2s Od ; Whitings, 3s Od to 12s per doz. ; Common Oysters, 16s to 20s ' • Natives, 58s to 649 per bsh ; Mackerel, 60s to Os per 100 ; Smelts, is Od to 2s 61 per doz.; Skate, 6d to Od per lb; Shrimps, is 6d to 2s 6d per gallon; Bloaters, is Od to is 6d per doz. ; Fresh Herrings, 5s Od to Os per 100. ; Scotch do., Gd; Sprats, 8s Od to Os Od per bushel ; Doreys, is Od to 7s each ; Haddocks, 6s to 18s per doz. ; Pike 6d • Sturgeon, 6d per lb ; Prawns, 4s Od to Os; Mullets, Gd to is 6d • Plaice, 4d to is each ; Halibut, 6d per ; Flounders, is 6:1 to Os per dozen. BREAD. The prices of wheaten bread in the metropolis are from I.ld to 11 id ; of household ditto, 9d to 100 per 41b loaf. HIDES AND SKINS. Market hides, 561 b to 641 b, 3id to Od ; 641 b to 721 b, 3id to 4d ; 721 b to 801 b, 4d to 44d ; 801 b to 881 b, 44d to 4id ; 881 b to 961 b, 4,#d to sd; 961 b to 1041 b, hd to sid ; 104 to 1121 b 54d to Gd ; upwards, Od to Od ; Horse hides, 6s 6d to 03 Od ; calf skins, light, 2s 6d to 3s Gd ; ditto, full, 6s Gd to is Od ; Polled Sheep, 5s 3d to 6s 9d ; Kents, 4s 3d to 53 4d ; Half-breds, 4s 3d to 5s 4d; Downs, 3s Od tots Od ; Lambs, Os Od to Os Od ; Shearlings, 04 Od to Os Od. HAY MARKETS. SMITITFIELD.—Meadow hay, 4/ 4s to 6/ 6s : clover ditto, 41 103 to 71 Os ; and straw, 11 4s Od to 1/ 9s Od per load. A fair average supply and a steady trade. OntBERLAND.—Meadow hay, 41 0 3 t o 6/ 10 a ; c l over d o.. t y s.pd 11 57 to 10 , per low!. WRITECIIAPEL.—Meadow hay, 41 Os to 6i 12s; Clover do., 41 10 3 to 7/ Os ; and str aw , 114 s t o 11 101 per Upply t919/Ably Sovd, an 4 trod, Wag 011114 The Birmingham Gaol Cruelties. COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH—THIS DAY. Lieutenant William Henry Austin, late governor of the Birmingham Borough Gaol, appeared to receive sentence for cruelties infl►cted by him on ono of the pri soners in the gaol during the time he was governor of that prison. It will be remembered that the defendant was tried in August last at 'Warwick, before Mr. Justice Cole ridge, and found guilty of the cruelties alleged against him, which wore that in March, 1354, a boy named Andrea's, having been committed for felony, on the 30th March, he was placed to hard labour at the crank, performing 10,000 revolutions per diem. On 31st, being unable to do his work, he was placed on bread and water, and repeatedly punished afterwards. On the 16th April, the punishment jacket (an ordinary straight waistcoat, with straps and a leather collar) was put on Andrews, and in that state he was strapped to the wall, in wl4ch position ho was found by one of the warders crying. Cold water was thrown over him, on account, as it was alleged, that he was sham ming fainting. On 20th April, Andrews was deprived of his bed until 10 o'clock at night, and on the 27th of the same month he had to perform 12,000 revolutions of the crank. At 10 o'clock at night on that day he was found deal in his cell, having hung himself by his handkerchief and a strap to a bar of a cell window. Thera were other charges relative to the defendant's not keeping proper entries, &c., in the prison books, with refeeence to the prison punishment, &c. The Att6tney-General, Mr. Mellor, Q.C., Mr. Mittle stone, and Mr. Field appeared for the prosecution; Sir F. Thesiger and Mr. Kettle for the defendant. The learned Jute who tried the case having read over the notes of the evidence taken by him on the trial, Affidavits were put in by the defendant, and read in mitigation of punishment, in one of which it was stated that the deponent believed it was not the intention of Andrews to have destroyed himself, but merely to have made the attempt to escape punishment for an offence he had committed against the prison discipline. Lord Campbell asked why sentence was not passed on the defendant at the time of conviction? He was of opi nion that punishment should be awarded at all times when a conviction took place, and in the presence of the public who heard the trials, Mr. Justice Coleridge said the sentence was postponed on the application of the prosecution. Lord Campbell said that was an ample excuse. Sir F. Thesiger then addreFsed their lordships in miti gation of punishment, enforcing on their consideration the habits of the defendant, from his profession being that of striotly complying with the orders and instructions of his superiors, and in doing what he had done he was not actuated by any feeling of cruelty towards the pri soners. The Attorney-General, in a forcible and eloquent ad dress, called upon his lordship to mark the sense of the defendant's conduct, which had been that of tyranny over those outcasts of society over whom he t iled con• trol, and whom it was the duty of the law to protect. Mr. Justice Coleridge, in a lengthened address to the defendant, pointing out the enormity of his offence, sentenced him to three months' imprisonment in th• Queen's Prison, in the first class misdemeanants. NAVAL INTELLIGENCE.—(This Day.) The following appointments were made at the Admi ralty this day : SURGEONS. Samuel S. D. Wells, to the Royal William. Thomas .L Breen, to the Perseverance. ACTING-CLERK. Henry P. Houghton to the Hecla. FRAUDS IN RUSSIA. The Pays publishes the following letter, dated St. Petersburg, Nov. 11 : " In my letters I have often alluded to the fraud and h isthweidedelay to thof ev ß er u y b ssia r . anh c Thiso f evil the is ser vice te of the Czar's army, th a t th e t roo p s , d esp i te t h e efforts of the Soverei gn , are i n wan t o f near l y every roo, corruptiont extends whic so thing. I was assured a few days since that Alexander 11., despite the usual mildness of his character, got into a regular fury on learning what took place, and resolved to act with extreme severity against any person, no matter what his rank, found guilty of fraud. I know the country well, and all his power will not be of any avail to put a stop to these abuses. The evil is too deep rooted in the Muscovite soil. All will combine together to deceive the most vigilant eye. "The subjoined few facts of recent occurrence, the ex actitude of which I guarantee, will show you the extent of the evil. " A Livonian officer of very good family, intrusted with the provisioning of the army in Tauris, went from province to province buying oxen, cows, and sheep, which he had sent to Odessa and Cherson. " Wishing to make a rapid fortune, he hit upon the fol lowing fraud. He proposed to some of the peasants to leave them their cattle for a consideration agreed upon. The cattle were booked as delivered, and he gave a false receipt for the price of them. He then put them down as died on the road.' By this means he pocketed— first, the money of the peasants ; secondly, the money of the Government. It was clever, but not honest. Sus picions were at last aroused. When it was mentioned to the Czar he would not at first believe that one of his superior officers was capable of committing a crime the consequences of which to the army were incalculable. The rumours, ho wever, grew so loud that a seriousin vestigation was ordered. The officer was commanded to proceed immediately to head-quarters at Odessa. He was not so slow as net to smell a rat. He felt some hesitation in obeying the order, but overnight ho hit upon a plan, and, while staying at an hotel near Odessa, his room caught fire so cleverly that the flames, .which purify all thi ngs , d estroyed the accounts. H e arrived at head-quarters with a certificate that his papers were burnt. 'What more could be exacted ? We are assured that the fire spared the roubles in his pouch. He was acquitted. Poor fellow !as Molibre would say. " Another anecdote, the truth of which I will gua rantee:— "A. dealer in flour, in the vicinity of Kiew, provides some thousand sacks of flour to the commander of the place, and asks an exorbitant price. He is refused pay ment. He is brought up for usury and fraud. The affair is a serious one ; he is liable to a very severe penalty and a, journey to Siberia in perspective. He was as calm, however, as if his conscience was pure and his cause a good one. At the appointed day he appeared before the judge, and proved by his books, A plus B, that to accept the supply the officers bad exacted for themselves 80,090 silver roubles, or 240,000 francs. Very flattering this for the officers of the Russian army! The trader was acquitted and his honour saved ; the money was pad ; he gained nothing by the transaction. "Everywhere, at the very steps of the throne, the most audacious robberies are committed. The Emperor Alexander I. said that his sailors would steal his guns if they dared ; Alexander 11. observed the other day that his attendants would steal his breeches if they bad the opportunity. The following gave rise to the observation: —Among the Emperor's household there is a Cbamber lain silversmith, who has the care of the Crown plate. He has a dozen tchinowiebes' under him. For some time these gentlemen have amused themselves by passing the plate through acids, by which ' , recess a considerable portion of the silver was taken off, which they afterwards transformed into a solid state by a chemical process. This robbery had been carried on for a long time before it was discovered. But as all were equally guilty, no culprit could be found fir want of proof. The Crown plate has been ordered to be melted down and recast. "The bourgeois and merchants are not personally sub jected to the recruiting tax, but they have to pay 500 f. for each recruit asked from them. Thus they provide as many soldiers per thousand merchants as the nobles provide per thousand peasants. This tax brings in a considerable revenue to the Crown. The number of merchants in the whole extent of the empire amounts to about 150,000, and as the State has already levied about 60 men per 1,000, it results that the merchants have had to pay about 400,000,000 f. Thus, however good Russians they may be, the bourgeois are beginning to find the war taxes somewhat heavy. " The populations who suffer most from this state of things are precisely those who entertain the least sym pathy for Russia—for instance, Finland, Livonia, Estho ma, Courland, Poland, and the Southern provinces, which are almost exclusively inhabited by Tartars and Mussulmans. The provinces of the Baltic particularly are weighed down by taxes. Whatever may be said about the Russian party carrying on the war to the last man and the last rouble, the Government will have to , iiosult a Mile the Catholics, the Protestant , , and the Mussu:mans, who, united, form more than one-third of the population of the empire, and who liavo certainly a right to be heard in the alattcr," a panic ensues, to the destruction of all confidence ; and when prices sink almost without a limit, then the said monicd clasit buy. a n d get enormous bargains. It is that a banking Lord, in the panic of 1846, made 70,006/. by one transaction, with a house run hard for one daT ! Thus, while th ey share in the prosperity of the country, their great harvest is in its adrersitr. It is so calculated—it is so written in the bond. They 'flourish in the universal distress. • And why is this cycle of prosperity and distress en. elured ? They profess to keep circulation and prices steady to check over-trading, and to force back, by a sort of bankrupt sacr ifi ce o f cur goo d s, the gold the y consider indispensable to lie ensconced in the Back eel. Jars ! Gold ig thus made a curse ! The sinful love of it is aggravated, and hoarding increases the evil. Why should it not be left free, and come and go as daring the war, when we were at the height of national prosperity. Why should every one's property, from the Laiad's•ered to the extreme North, be reduced in value in order to encumber the Bank with coin intended to be useless! Why should the value of gold be attempted to he fixed, when everything else varies as well as itself ? By what de!te-,ion Is our circulation said to he based on gold, when tLe first fourteen millions of notes do not represent a single sovereign ? In fact, our coin is only the small change of our whole currency of notes, bills, bonds, stce This artificial stele, with so many difficulties and dis asters in its train, results from the pretext of endeavour ing to regulate and control what should be left free in all respects, except that the Banks which issue notes should produce ample security; but that need not neces sarily be gold.—Your constant reader, and A FREE-TRADER ll`f GOLD. MR. COBDEN'S LETTER. TO THE EDITOR OF THE MANCHESTER riAmniEn. Dear Sir,—A. letter has appeared in your columns, signed " Scrutator," containing the following statement respecting the letter of Mr. Cobden inserted in the Leeds Mercury three weeks since : " I have heard it asserted that the first, and in some respects the most important, paragraph of that letter, as it emanated from Mr. Cobden, was withheld by the editor without his permission, because it commented with inconvenient severity upon a leader which bad re• cently appeared in the columns of your Yorkshire cone teMporary." The fact is correct : whether the reason assigned is so, you shall judge. Bill - ) first of all, to dissipate all mys tery, and redress any possible injury which Mr. Cob den may have sustained, the paragraph of that gentle. man's letter omitted in the Leeds Mercury is subjoined : "In a late number of the Mercury, which circum stances prevented me from seeing at the moment of its appearance, I have read an editorial article, which, after an allusion to the limited supply of labourers for various breeches of domestic industry, occasioned by the war and emigration, and to the ' still greater difficulties with which our employers of labour are threatened,' proceeds to commend to the Government a plan for recruiting our army from the ranks of the ticket-of-leave convicts. Without pausing to snatch an argumentative triumph upon the inappropriateness of such a proposition from those who believe the present to be a 'just and neces sary war in defence of the civilisation and liberty of Europe,' I appeal to your candour whether such a plan is not merely impracticable, but whether its suggestion alone is not an insult to our army, and that of our Allies. free writer of the article is in error in saying that a similar system of recruitin g p reva i led during theg great French war. True, it was the custom, instead of punishing men charged with such offences as poaching and emuggling, or the commission of certain faux p as, from which vill age lif e , as we l earn f rom C ra b be, was not exempt, to offer them the alternative of ' serving. the King,' and undoubtedly very many such scapegraces found their way int) the army and navy ; but tee in mates of our hulks and the population of our penal colonies were never emptied into Wellington's regi ments ; and be assured that any serious attempt cf the kind, in the present improved state of the mo. rare of our army, would be viewed as so great an insult by officers and men, and that it would be resisted even to the extent, if needful, of mutiny in the ranks and rebellion at the Horse Guards. "But you have raised a question of supreme import ance at the present moment, on which I will, with your permission, offer a word or two of remark—not as to its bearings ou the employment of labour, but on what all of us must regard as the honour, character, and interests of the country." Such was the passage omitted ; and as the omission was my own individual act, I give the explanation in my own person,—the same explanation which I gave Mr. Cobden by the first post after receiving his letter. My reasons for omitting the passage were twofold— namely, first, that I perfectly concurred in Mr.Cobden'e view as to the recruiting of ticket-of-leave men, and al ways had done so, and that article in the Mercury ap peared without my knowledge; and, secondly, that the objections to the recruiting of that glass of men (though in my judgment conclusive as against the article in the Mercury) had no connection with the main argument of Mr. Cobden's letter, either as to the difficulty of recruit-- ing the army, the state of the army before Sebastopol, or the merits of the war with Russia. If I understand Mr. Cobden aright, he would have entertained every view expressed in his long and elaborate letter, had no such article as that in the Mercury appeared, and would have thought it his duty to lay them before the public. If we had expressed the opinions to which Mr.Cobden replied, in the course of a controversy with him, it would have been the height of injustice to omit his an swer. But his name was never mentioned or alluded to in the article, which was not controversial at all; and if by excluding the passage, we deprived him of a triumph over the Mercury, that did not in the slightest degree weaken his general argument against the difficulties of the war. Surely that little triumph over us was not essential to Mr. Cobden ; if it was, that does not say much for the general success of his letter. lam aware that, in excluding a portion of Mr. Colo• den's letter, I was taking a considerable liberty with him. But I explained the reasons to him, and most fully be lieved they would appear to him satisfactory. I told him that I did not object publicly to acknowledge myself in the wrong, if convinced that I was so. But the awk wardness was, that I had not myself been in the wrong, —that I was perfectly at one with him on that particu lar point, —that I had actually written the very same views to a correspondent some months before,—and that therefore I could neither with truth acknowledge myself to have been mistaken, nor yet vindicate the article in my own paper. Moreover the difficulty was increased by the fact, that Mr. Cobden's letter was addressed, not to " Editcv," as is customary with the correspondents of the Leeds Mercury, but to " the Editor," and com menced "My dear Sir,"—thus as it were singling me out personally. All that I cared to avoid was the un• pleasantness of explaining to the public that I, the prin cipal Editor of the Leeds Mercury, diff ere d f rom one of my fellosv•editors on a single point. It rather disturbed the harmless public illusion us to that my-steriou;;;l - "the Editor," who is popularly regarded as plurality in unity and unity in plurality, besides having other attributes allied to infallibility and omniscie nce . I did not think it a very great trespass on the generosity of an old friend to ask him to excuse me giving such an. explanation. However, I was mistaken. Of course Mr. Cobden must have complained to others, as he did to myself ; and therefore I now lay the entire matter be fore the public,—giving Mr. Cobden all the advantage of his argument against the 21/e.cury, and taking t o myself the whole blame of having omitted a portion of his letter.—l am, dear sir, yours faithfully, EDWARD BALINEL NEW MARBLE BVST OF THE QUEEN.: We have much pleasure (says the Man ees It le) Citardieen) in being abl e t o announce to our readers th e - intention on the part of Mr. Alderman Barnes to present to the corporation of Manchester a colossal bust of her most gracious Majesty the Queen, in marble, to be placed in the Town Hall, in commemoration of her Majesty's visit to this city in October, 1851. We know that Mr. Barnes has long had this intention ' • but any intimation of it till the present time would, for obvious reasons, have been premature. A short time since, d r u s to p g w th a e s mayoralty of Benjamin Nich olls, Esq., his informed by Mr. Alderman Barnes, his pred r e a ce p s i s d or p l: the office of chief m agistrate of the city, that he had given to Matthew Noble, Esq., of Bruton-street, 13 er . keley-square—in whose studio, we may state, the Man. pre ns c e u ne t to e mt o a . cheater Wellington memorial is now making gress towards completion—a commission to execute colossal marble bust of the Queen, w hi ch, plated, it was his (Mr. Barnes's) intention to the corporation of Manchester, for the purpose of being Majesty a rnm e t o o la h l i sof city.the auspicious visit au sve ci u o n us . y cHio M ul o is del is alr ea d y i n a forward state , d v p e i l sarisetteoadnf in her ta e t most t T b o e w g e r n la a and that it hasevebneeinn judge s h a ppy atnodbseiriking itslikepnreosasouofnctehde Q b u y ee m n o . st competent to o y t b h e e mayor, very Noble, the honour well as by Mr. Alderman Barnes, to accomplish the bust ; and the ofdesirable 8 i t t o t in s g e e c secure, if b e ri‘ possible ia jo ty, fionr orderAlr. our noble reighbmaymoorstwsisaetliysfadcetoterrymcionmedplettoioanppolfy our the Earl of Ellesmere for his kind thet o assistance in obtaining the necessary consent o be f: ) f the the Queen. L or d E l l esmere readily undertook to medium of presenting the humble request of the mayor, as the repre sen tative of the coun c il, t o h er Majesty; and in his letter to the mayor his lordship stated his opinion that Mr. Noble's works place him, young as be is, in the first line of living English sculptors ; that he ir one of many who have worked their way to eminence from a starting point of no adventitious advantages; and that though his lordship did not think personal caracter should be much considered in the matter of public com missions in art, it was a satisfaction to him to find that in this case a good opportunity for distinctionm vancement was afforded to one whom hi s lordship kn ew s and ad. to be worthy of it in all respects. T _he application to our gracious Queen, we are p roud to say, h as not been un. successful; for in a subsequent communication received from Lord Ellesmere the mayor ed iswshhianelnlorbimneed that her Majesty has gr aci " BlY conse h t ic : honour Mr. Noble with a sitting. t d c h i o r y n c e'uniaonot stances we may' expect ere long to see Within the T but to some Rail a bust of her Majesty, l't . ist, eoxntlyenotfntfhtebreisgirnegatfaelenotf wthheicyhoilltlfs Is intended to corn. memorate. THE BELLS FOR THE HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT.— Alessrp. Warner, of Jewin-street, London, are about to cast the bells for the great clock of the HouFes of Par liament. The principal bell is to be nine feet in ciiame tr!r, and to weigh about 14 tons, and will be the largest bell, they say, ever cast iu England. It is calculated that the four quarter-bells will weizli about ten tone Alige. ft wT4o ki4ackr ~~ all all all all all 50 all al: 50 JUL all 2i 10 81 I 07a 7 71 102 494 /I 67 f 11 1001 74 91 14j i 2i 2d 91a ~~ ~:::~ I