The Sun. — London, England, 1849-10-09 00:00:00

~~ unwrom burnt e Gem, :li on a sterday 1, Asia, merick, having with a Peters dth 7i r Head og in a illiam, Deeps, I, Val- Leone. Kal- Clover 23 per nd. Jlover 3s per 11. ;lover, 3 per tinue• SUNb - - LABOUR A7'o) THE GENERAL Pf/ST OFFICE.—(TIIIS DAY.) A public meeting of the inhabie..;nts of Southwark, conren e d by ihe High Ba, in complie,nce with a nuinerou,ly-signed requisition, was held this afternoon in the Tewn- hall of the Borough. for the purpose: . of memorialising the L or d s o f t h e Treasuryagii:istra, proposed c , rencencement of Suaday labour in the General Post-office. The chair was taken by Mr. 'William Pritchard, the High Bailiff, at one o'clock, at which hour the hall was but partially filled. The CHAIRMAN, in opening the proceedings, observed that in the exercise of his official functions he had hart great pleasure in calling this meeting. Englishmen were always tenacious of any encroachment upon their Civil and religious liberties. They knew and felt that much of the wor.lly happiness they enjoyed was attri butable to the h :mage they had always paid to the Almighty, and they were therefore peculiarly jealous of anything that was likely to detract from the sanctity of that day which Divine Providence bad set apart for the rest of man from his earthly toils. The proposed change in the management of the General Post-office it was feared would lead to greater desecra tion of the Sabbath than the necessities and wants of the public absolutely required, and it was for the meet ing to determine whether the alteration ought to take place or not. For his part he would express no further opinion upon the question than this, that no public d u ti es ought to be tolerated that wer'e incompatible with a due observance of the Sabbath; and if the speakers who should follow him succeeded in demonstrating that the proposed change was of that nature, he for one hoped it would ho denounced in the strongest possible terms. Mr. A. PILCUER moved the first resolution, to the effect--" That the meeting had observed with regret and alarm the proposed regulations at the General Post-office, by which a large amount of Sanday labour would be immediately required, and must ultimately lead to a general delivery in London on that day." It was urged in favour of the change (the speaker observed) that it would greatly reduce the labour of provincial offices, but he did not think so, nor did the public; on the contrary, it was generally b e li eve d t h at i t woud increase the labours of the 12,000 persons engaged in the provincial cffices. If the Government really wished:to relieve the provin cial office,s, let them abandon this plan, and entirely abolish Suuday deliveries, providing for the convenience of those who required their letters on that day, that they might obtain them by sending for them before eight o'clock in the morning, and after seven o'clock in the evening. Mr:OLTARLES POTT seconded the resolution, which was put and carried unanimously. Mr. COWDERoY moved the adoption of the following memorial :—" To the Lords Commissioners of her Ma jesty's T reasury : —Th e memorial of the undersigned in habitants of the Borough of Southwark, humbly she weth, that your memorialists have hard with the deepest re gret that it is intended by the authorities at the General Post office to commence, very sh.‘rtly, the receipt of mails from the country at large, and the transmission of mails into the country, on the Sunday, as on other dap. That your mernoriaiists feel convinced that sueh a measure will inevitably lead to a Sunday delivery in the metropolis. That your memorialists theretore appeal most earnestly to your Lordships, to prevent the adoption of a measure so repugnant to the feelings of the community at large; and which has been desired by no class, while it is de precated by all. And your memorialists shall ever pr ,y." He insisted that the change was not only uncalled for, but U just. Humanity could not bear seven days' labour, and, therefore, in a physical as sell as a moral point of vies, the proposed change, establishing, as it would, Sunday ' labour, was highly objectionable. He, however, resisted this measure more upon the ground that it held out to the world, that the highest authority in the State sanc tioned labour on the Sabbath. It was dangerous to tamper with great principles, and when Government attempted to put in force a system that must shake the morality and religious fee:ing of the people, it was high time for all good men to raise their voices against it. It was nonsense to tell him that it was not intended to open the doors of the Post office, when the work would still be carried on inside, while it was notorious that the metropolitan receiving houses had been sounded upon their foaling for or against Sunday deliveries. Mr. SlmPsox had much pleasure in seconding the re solution. Captain ACRERLEY—Before the resolution was put, informed the meeting, amidst some confusion, that he was favourable to the proposed change. The resolution was then agreed to. Thanks were then voted to the High Bailiff, and the Meeting broke up. ATHLETIC GAMES at WOOLWICH Major-General Sir Hew D. Ross, K C.B , Deputy- Adjutant- General of Artillery, Major- General Parker, C. 8., LieutenantrGovernor of the Royal Military Academy, and a large number of the officers and gentry of the garrison and neighbourhood, assembled in the grounds of the Academy on Satur day last to witness numerous games of an athletic character. Each of the Gentlemen Cadets was dressed in a jacket of a distinguishin g colours and the games were commenced with the greatest spirit at half -past three o'clock P.m., the first being a foot-race of one mile, gained by Gentleman Cadet Holmes obtaining the first, and Gentleman Cadet Strange the second prise. The second foot-race was amongst the Gentlemen Cadets who had not been so long at the Academy as those contesting the first race, the dis tance being half a mile, and Gentleman Cadet ' Edwardes obtained the first, and Gentleman Cadet Lukin the second prize. A third foot-race of half a mile distance was contested by the Gentlemen Cadets who had last joined, and the first prize was gained by Gentleman Cadet Ileekes, and the second by Gentle man Cadet J ac k son. T wenty Gentleinen Cadets started for the next race of 100 yards, and it was remarkably well contested by every drie engaged in it, Gentleman Cadet Ravenhill winning the first, and Gentleman Cadet Temple the second prize. The next, a hopping race of eighty yards, was gained by Gentleman Cadet Boothby, the first, and Gentleman Cadet Temple the second prize; seven started for the next race of half a mile, with six jumps, which was contested with the greatest spirit, three of the Gentlemen Cadets jumping the last of the six hurdles, when Gentleman Cadet Strange was declared winner of the first, and Gentle man Cadet Markham winner of the second prize. The next half-mile race was gained, the first prize by Gentleman Cadet Wylie, and the second by Gentle man Cadet Teesdale. The Gentlemen Cadets then exhibited their skill and strength by cutting through with the sword suspended triangular bars of lead, which they completely cut through, Gentleman Cadet Brackenbury obtaining the first, and Gentleman Cadet Holmes the second prize. Putting a 24 pounder shot was gained, the first prize by Gentleman Cadet Brackenbury, and the second by Gentleman Cadet T. Cary. The high leap, standing, was gained, the first prize by Gentleman Cadet Ravenhill, and the second by Gentleman Cadet Langley. The high leap running was gained, the first prize by Gentleman Cadet Temple, and the second by Gentleman Cadet 1 3rackeebury. The wide leap standing was gained, the first prize by Gentleman Cadet Clarke, and the second by Gentleman Cadet Ravenhill. The wide leap running by Gentleman Cadet Temple the first, and the second by Gentleman Cadet Maude. The high leap with a pole by Gentleman Cadet Newbold. The first prize of hop, step, and jump, by Gentleman Cadet C. Stirling, and the second by Gentleman Cadet Maude. The whole of the jumping was most interesting, and the activity displayed by Gentleman Cadets Temple, Ravenhill, and Brackenbury elicited universal admiration. DEATH OF ONE OF THE BOSJESMASS, OR BUSH PEOPLE.—On Sunday morning last, a funeral took place at Hyde which attracted a very large concourse of per sons. For some days past there has been exhibiting in the locality a number of Bush people, and it appears that during their stay at Hyde one of their number, a child, named Fanny Bush, has died of consumption. The funeral was most respectably conducted. A stone has been placed over the grave, on which is the following in scription, which is concluded by two verses:—" Sacred to the memory of Fanny Bush, the beloved child of Simon and Gaikin, Bush people, born on the 9th day of 'August, lii46, oa board the brig Fancy, of Liverpool, Caytain Wheeler, on their voyage to - England. She 'died of consumption, at Hyde, on the 29th day of Sep tember, 1849. " For several evenings during the week the churchyard at Hyde has been crowded, owing to the band belonging to the exhibition attending to play various tunes at the grave.—Manchester Courier. MELANCHOLY ACCIDENT. -On Friday morning last, John Thompson, Robert Thompson (father and son), Matthew Mitcalf, John Alitcalf, Robert Young, and Edward Cooper, six pilots belonging to Monkwear mouth Shore, put off to sea in a coble from the beach at Whitburn Bay. They had not been many minutes at sea when their coble was upset by a reef of seas which was seen by the Whitburn fishermen, who immediately pushed off to their assistance, and succeeded in rescuing John Mitcalf, Robert Young, and Edward Cooper from their perilous situation, John Thompson, and Matthew Mitcalf were unfortunately droa ned. Robert Thompson has left a wife and two children; his body was washed ashore upon the beach near Whitburn on Saturday morning, wrapped in the sail of the coble; the body of John Thompson, his father, and Matthew Mitcalf, have a!so been found ; they were all buried in Moak wearmouth Churchyard on the afternoon of Monday last, at the same hour.—Durham Aduertiver. EXTRAORDINARY CIRCUMSTANCE AT WINDSOR.— On Friday evening a seriiind (Hillier), on d u ty a t Winds , r Castle, one of the battalion of Grenadier Guards, under the influence of intoxicating liquor, and affected by temporary insanity, presented a load,,d car bine at Mr. John Robert=, Inspector of Palacio, as he was leaving the Home•park, and threatened to shoot bim. The military maniac subs, (Featly discharged his piece at a comrade sentry, the ball passing through a gas lamp, smasking it to pieces, fortunately without doing further injury. The insane proceeding was repeated twice. Sergeant Spiers, ssith two men, by the direction of the officer on guard, captured Hillier, and he was placed in confinement in the black•hole, where ho will be kept until he be tried by court. martial. A HALE OLD MAN.—ilr. Joseph Peart, farmer, of Fine Rollie, near Shotley-bridge, cut and set up six stookii of wheat in half a day. He is eighty-nine yi , r:, of age.—Newcastle .kurnal. A cottager lici►.g at Stickney, Lincolnshire, pos• sesses a sow which . ln three years has farrowed ninety two pigs. TORBAY, OCT. N.E.—Sld. Junes Lumsden, Ca'oatta. WEST DISTRICTS. Kensington Chelsea... ... •-• St. George, Hanover-square ... W estminster ... St. Martin-in- the-Fields ... St. James, Westminster ... NOR TII DISTRICTS. Marylebono Hampstead St. Pancras Islington Hackney ••• ••• •.• CENTRAL DISTRICTS. St. Giles Strand .. Holborn Union Clerkenwell Sr. Luke East London Vest London City of London klhoreditch BeLhnul-green Whiteehapel St. George-in -the-East Stepney ~, ••• Poplar SOUTH DISTRICTS. St. Saviour, Southwark ••• ---- St. Olave • ••• ••• Bermondsey ... ••• ••• St. George, Southwark ••• Newington ... ••• ••• Lambeth • • ••• Wandsworth ... ••• ••• Camberwell ... ••• Rotherhithe ... ••• Greenwich ... ••• ••• ..... Lewisham . .-- - Total 5 3 3 0 3 4 1 0 1 0 1 0 O 0 O 0 O 0 4 3 1 0 Total deaths from cholera, registered from Sept. 17, 1848, to. Oct. 6, 1849... ... 14,396 Total deaths from cholera, registered from Julie 17, 1849, to Oct. 6, 1849... ... 13,305 NOTE.—The district of Kensington comprises the parishes of Kensington, Hammersmith, Fulham, and Paddington. Westminster district comprises the parishes of Sr. Margaret and St. John the Evan gelist, with Privy Gardens and Whitehall, and the close of the Collegiate Church of St. Peter. St. Giles's district comprises the parishes of St. Giles in the-Fields and St. George, Bloomsbury. The following are co- extensive with the unions of the same name:--liackneyl Strati I, Holborn, Eait London, West London, City o, London, Whitechapel, Stepney, Poplar, St. Saviour, St. Olave, Wandsworth (Wandsworth and Clapham), Grcenwich, and Lewisham. The remaining districts are co -extensive with the respective parishes of the same ❑ame. THE COUNTRY. The following is the Return of Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhces reported to the General Board of Health the B.h day of October, 1849 Alnwick ••• ••• ••• Alston and Garrigill •.. Alverstoke ••• Anglesey (Holyhead)... ..• Ashton-und er -L yne Axbridge (Blagden and Con gresbury) ..• ... Ay!sham (Buxton and Cottishall) Barnet (South Mims)... ••• Barnstaple and Ilfracombe ... Barrow-upon -Soar (Syston) ... Bedford and Cardington ..• 13 edminster and Netherbury... Berwick-upon-Tweed I 3 iggleswade and Potton ••••.. Birmingham ... ••• Blackburn ... ••• ••• Bolton (Eastern and Horwich) Bradford, North Bierley, Pudsey, Horton, and Bowling ••• Brampton (Hayton) Bridgnorth ••• Bridgwater ... Bristol "' 13romsgrove ..• ••• Bury (Lancaster) ... ••• Carmarthen . ..• ... Chelmsford ... ••• Cheltenham Union..• (Leek hampton) ••• Cheiter-le-Stre e t Chorlton (Hulme) ••• ... Clifton Union (Stapleton, St. Philip 2.ndJacob,einci 6 . . George) Clut:on ••• Cockerraouth and Maryport Cosford (Hadleigb) Coventry Darlington Deaths. Cholera. Diarrh. 15 2 ••• ...• Dartford (Farningham) 0 Derby (St. Alkoaund)... 2 Dewsbury (Gomersal, Morley, and Birstul) 7 Dorchester (Bohmston, Stinsford) 1 Dmitwich ••• 3 Dudley (Tipton and StslglV)... .7" ! 11 East Stoneh ouse _ , ' Eastry (Weimer, Deal) 0 Eccleshall (Bierlow) 1 Ecclesfield (Barnsley) ..4- -2 Edmonton (Tottenham) ... 1 Exeter ... ••• ''''' -••• 1 Gateshead and Whickhern - --:*. 2 Gloucester (Barnwood) Great Boughton (Chester) Guildford (Godalming district) -- Hailsham (Hedingley) I lalifax (Sowerby) Hardingstone Eleadington Hele ton (Wenbron) Hereford - 0 -- Ilitchin Eiollingbourn ( Headcorn, Chart) Holywell (Flint) ... Huddersfield (Holnifirth and Slaithwaite) Hull (My ton and Humber) . tlunAct (Holbeck, and Rothwell) ••• ••• Isle of Wight (East Cowes)... Kidderminster King's Lynn ... _— King's Norton (Smethwick) ... Lancaster ... Leeds Leigh (Atherton and Tyldesley) Liverpool ... Llanelly and Pembrey ••• Loughborough Madeley (Much Wenlock) ... Manchester ... ••• Maccle:field Morpeth (Bedlington) Narbeth (Begelly) Neath (Ystradgunlais) Newcastle-on-Tyne ... Newport (Monmouth) ••• Newport Pagnel (FennyStrafford)— Newton Abbott (Torquay) ... Northampton ... Northwich North Witchford (March) Norwich (East Wymer) Nottingham ... ••• •.. Oldham and Chaderton ... Oxford ... ..• Penzance ..• Peterborough ... Plympton St. M ar y ... Pontefract (Beaghall)... Portsca Island ••• ••• Prescot ..• ..• Preston... Pwllheli (Criccuth district) Radford (Snenton) Rochford (Rayleigh) Romford (Horochurch) ~. St. Austell (Mevagissey) ... St. Germans (Anthony) ... St. Thomas (East Budleigh)... -- Salford (Greengate and Pen dleton) Scilly Isles ... ••• .. -- Sculcoates (Hedon and Sutton) South Shields (Westoe) ... Stockton (Yarm and Hartlepool) Stoke-upon-Trent (Shelton and Hanley) ... ..• ..• Stone (Trentham) ... -- Stourbridge (Kingswinford) ... -- Sunderland ... Tavistock ••• ••• Tendring ••• — Thorne and Crowle Ticehurst (Wadhurst) •.• Tiverton Todmorden (Mytholm Royd.in Wadsworth) ••• ••• Totnes acd Brixham ... Truro (Kenwyn) '\Ur:xatillbnkerdemifidsitutedal(n(hESiaeaany3n:edijsa'l:RnAuglib.vs.celi.nrptt)h6n ... orpe, Val ail and Darlaston Wareham (Swanage)... Warrington ••• •.• Warwick . ... West Bromwich (Wednesbury, and Oldbury) Westbury ••• ••• West Derby (Toxteth-park)... W hitehaven Wigan• • , • o• ..." ••• ...• 1 ••• ." ••• '''• • 9 • ''''''. ••• '''' ••• ''''' • • • ....... Windsor (Cleaver) Wisbeach (DowgateLeverington)— Wolstanton and Burslem Wolverhampton and Bilston... Wyeomb*. (Great Marlow) ... York ( W uhnsgate) • • • Total ~. vie .... THE SUN, LND ON, TUESDAY EVENING OCTOBER 0, IR4O CHOLERA AND DIARRIKEA. RETURN OF CASES, Mr. 6. THE METROPOLIS. SUPERINTENDING REGISTRAR'S DISTRICT. Dvatlis. Cholera. Diarrh. O 1 2 0 4 0 1 0 O 1 O 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 o o 1 3 o o O 0 ••• ... - EAST DISTRICTS. Total 0, - . 1 0 7 , 1 1 0 9 2 8 1 4 1 14 1 0 .1 1 0 2 0 11 3 1 0 0 1 2 0 20 6 1 0 1 0 2 0 11 0 4 1 2 0 SCOTLAND, Wicke, Caithness ... ••• ..."... Bores ••• .. ... ... ArUroskth (from Oct, 4) ••• -- Hawick ••• ... ... Dunr,ar (Sept. 30 to Oct. 6) ... Perth ... •• ... ... Dundee ••• ... 1 , 0 2 0 9 0 1 ' 0 4 0 4 0 2 0 Total General total:— Metropolis Country Scotland 23 0 44 25 387 115 23 0 Total NOTE —The deaths are returned according to the superintendent registrars' districts, as it is found im• practicable to ditinguish every place separately. CHOLERA. DIARREICEA. Fri. Sat. Fri. Sat. LONDON. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. sth. 6th. sth. 6th, West Districts ... 3 7 1 2 North Districts ... 1 5 4 1 Central Districts ... 2 5 6 5 Fast Districts ... 12 15 5 8 South Districts ... 17 12 6 9 44 22 25 LITERATURE. THE TEMPORAL BENEFITS OF CHRIS TIANITY, exemplified in its Influence on the Social Intellectual, Civil, and Political Condition of Mankind. By Robert Blakey, author of " The History (if the Philosophy of Mind." " There is a notion very prevalent among Christians of all sects (observes the author of this volume) that the Bible is entirely a spiritual instrument, that it has little or no connexion with temporal or worldly ob jects; that the general benefits of civilization and im provement are produced solely by the unassisted faculties of the human mind ; and that whether they adopt or reject the Scriptures, it is all the same as to social and political matters." To show the unsound ness of such opinions is the avowed object of Mr. Blakey's work, and most succesfully is that object achieved. The very voluminous materials necessary for a history stretching back almost to the Creation have been condensed into one volume, containing somewhat less than 400 pages, nevertheless the argu• merits enforced lose nothing by the condensation ; on the contrary, the whole multiform system is brought at once under the consideration of the reader. This will be more evident by a brief analysis of the work—a work of at hich the interesting style and judicious mode of treatment are only inferior in attraction to the en thralling matters of which it relates. It is divided into three parts—the first treats of " the social and religious influence of Christianity." Prefixed to this section is a very interesting summary of the Jewish code of laws, a necessary introduction to any consi deration of the influence of Christianity, for, accord ing to a beautiful saying of the great panegyrist of the Jews, Mr. Disraeli— " Judaism is incomplete without Christianity, and Christianity is incomprehensible without Judaism." On concluding the perusal of this interesting intro duction the reader fully coincides with Mr. Blakey's judicious comments on the beneficial effects of the government of Moses : " In all the governments and empires of the East the people were held but of little account. In Rome they here fighting slaves, in Sparta Helots, in Athens idle vagabonds, and throughout the whole ancient world the masses of the people were degraded, brutalised, and op pressed by political despotism. To this general rule the Jewish republics are an illustrious exception. No better organization ever existed than that of the Hebrews: ready on a moment's call to resist an attack on their country, they may well be regarded as the noblest spe cimen of an independent nation the world has ever seen, and realising the beau ideal of a truly powerful and in telligent commonwealth." We now come to consider " the influence of Christi anity on the social, intellectual, and religious cha racter of mankind," which softening influence is visible in nine different ways—" The general current of philosophical thought gradually changed by Christian doctrines and precepts ; the social effect of monastic institutions, in. reference to which Mr. Blakey observes, ' As a Protestant, I have my own opinions on their general expediency in a religious point of view ; but these must not be allowed to blind me as to certain effects or influences which resulted from the monastic., and which are visibly imprinted on a portion of the world's history. This would be unjust both towards them and to the cause of histori cal truth. The very nature of these institutions, and the general and personal rules enjoined by ecclesias tical authority for their regulation, must naturally have produced mild, sociable, and humane feelings in the large masses of mankind by whom they were surrounded.' In support of this view of the subject Mr. Blakey here quotes M. Guizot, (a Protestant) ; political duties and obligations became viewed through the medium of Scripture truth ; the establishment of the Christian Sabbath ; the endowment of schools and colleges for general instruction ; the establishment of communes, free cities, fraternities, g u ild s , an d corporations; the influence of Christianity in softening the horrors and cruelties of war ; the influence of the Christian system on the rights and comforts of the poor ; the benefits indirectly derived from the cultivation of the scholastic philo sophy." By these various channels the ennobling in fluences of Christianity gradually but effectually exerted a most salutary influence over the hearts and intellects of men brutalised by the ferocities of barba rism or debased by heathenish corruptions. This pure and peaceful revolution is briefly but empha tically depicted by Mr. Blakey in the most interesting and admirable manner. The same remark applies to Part 11., " On the Legal Influence of Christianity." The strenuous and unceasing efforts of the Church to effect the abolition of slavery are not among the minor benefits of Christianity. These efforts form the topic of the first section of" The Legal Influences." On this subject Mr. Blakey remarks : " The important principle of the perfect equality of man is clearly laid down in the Scriptures. We are not, however, to consider this phrase as affirming that all mankind are equal in point of bodily strength, riches, intellectual sagacity, or that all are entitled to an equal portion of civil authority and influence; - as some speculative philosophers have maintained. The natural equality which the Bible establishes is just this—that all mankind were originally deriVed from one parent; that they are all Gbjects of equal care to their Creator, so far as their bodily wants are concerned, and that all have an equal right to be treated in a just and humane manner by the laws of all nations recognising the word of God for their guide and directory. We cannot look at the laws of heathen legislators without perceiving that many of them, and of great importance too, in reference to the liberty and happiness of the subject, had been founded upon the openly avowed principle that one part of man kind were better in nature than another, and that the poor and humble of station had no right to the same impartial justice as the opulent and distinguished in rank- This was one of the leading defects which lay lurking at the bottom of all the laws of Greece and Rome.' " There is no feature of European civilization more strikingly developed," continues Mr. Blakey, " through the influence of the religious principle, than that of the abolition of slavery. We find the Church waged an incessant war against it." The second of these legal benefits is the change effected in the institution of mar riage. The Church, notwithstanding the con tinual efforts of powerful opponents, proclaimed the indissolubility of the marriage tie, thus effecting an almost incalculable change for the better in public manners and individual morally. The facility of divorce under the Roman laws had produced such lamentable consequences, that according to Seneca, the Roman women reckoned time, not by the years of the consuls, bat by the number of their husbands I Again, the salutary influence of the Church is seen in the modification of the arbitrary authority vested in the father of a family. The Roman law gave the father the power of life and death over his children, and (says Mr. Blakey) "we find that when the Chris tian spirit had gained a little strength, and began to make its voice heard among the rulers of the earth, one of the first things which called far its benevolent energies was the Roman law of parent and child. We see this in many writings of the early fathers of the Church." As the fourth of the legal benefits of Christianity, Mr. Blakey mentions the salutary in., fluence of the canon law. " It is manifest," he says, "that the canon law must have exercised a prodigious influence on the general spirit of legislative and civil jurisprudence throughout every state in Christendom, an influence which is telt in every department of law and equity at the present moment. In no legal depart mentcan we direct the eye where it is not perceptible." The third division of this volume considers the political or general influence of Christianity. It is hardly necessary to say that this portion of the work is possessed of a most enthralling interest when we notice among its contents a brief but spirited history of the Crusades and a glimpse of the peculiar features of chivairy—topics, the briefest mention of which con jures up visions of romance and heroic enthusiasm ; and these topics have been dealt with by Mr. I3lakey in a gentle and right chivalrous spirit. This section, likewise, comprises a reference to the political and ecclesiastical revolutions of modern times—the Pro testant Reformation and the English Revolution; the history of social and political literature and philosophy —general literature and the philosophy of human nature, and also (which we have omitted to enumerate in its proper place) a chapter on the influence of the Papacy. Rightly has Mr. Blakey declared in his preface that he has avoided the spirit of sec tarianism. " I have," he says, " been invari ably desirous of doing justice to all pa r ti es. " He has been animated by a spirit of Catholic (1. e., universal) Christianity. As a proof of this, while he considers the Reformation as a further developme n t of the blessings of Christianity, and while he speaks of the Presbyterians and Independents as of men " to whose united exertions, talents, and public spirit ► , the British people are under deep obligations for the greater part of the civil and religious privileges they now enjoy ;" yet, in the above-mentioned chapter, " on the influence of the Papacy," he Attributes due honour to that institution which has elicited the en thusiasm of Mr. Macaulay. Here again Mr. Blakey quotes the Protestant Guizot in support of his enco miums on the beneficial influence of the Papacy in the troublous times of barbarism. "I think, then, humanly speaking," says Guizot, " that it is not too much to aver, that in the fourth and fifth centuries it was the Christian Church that saved Christianity; that it was the Christian Church, with its institutions, its magistrates, its authority—the Christian Church which struggled so vigorously to prevent the interior dissolution of the empire, which struggled against the barbarian, and which in fact overcame the barbarian. It was this Church, I say, that became the great connecting link, the principle of civilization between the Roman and barbarian world." Again, on this subject, Lir. Blakey observes : ‘• Unquestionably the Papacy was a fierce and uncompron ising power to the rulers of mankind—those whose maxims are based on absolute right, and enforced and support d by reckless ambition, cruelty, and rapine. But, viewing it ,as a whole during many ages, its general policy was evidently to tighten the reins on querulous and unprincipied usurpers, and to weaken the ties which bound the multitude to their iron sway. Its maxims of authority were arrogant and despotic, but its practical influence was salivary and remedial. To the rulers of the earth it preached the doctrine of absolute submission; but its practice was to strike off the fetters of the bondsmen and the slave, and to extend the liberties and privileges of the community at large. The voice of the Vatican shook the firmest throne, and made the hearts of the most redoubtable princes sink within them, but to the merchant and the trader, the farmer and the vassal, the parish priest and his flock, its tones of thunder were little heeded, because their fulmination had no especial reference to themselves and their ordinary pursuits." Mr. Blakey has acted both justly and judiciously in speaking out thus boldly. Truth can never be forwarded by the weapons of calumny or misrepre sentation, and those Protestant writers who denounce in one sweeping condemnation all things connected with Romanism, simply because so connected, are far from forwarding the principles of the Reformation. As another evidence of Mr. Blakey's impartiality, we quote the following paragraph in reference to the scholastic philosophy in the dark ages, which will astonish many of our readers (be it observed, also, that Mr. Blakey always writes the term " dark ages" either in italics or with inverted commas, as if to show that he at least does not consider them especially dark) : " When we consider that ninety-nine parts out of a hundred of all the political and social legislation of mo dern Europe came under the direct cognizance of those scholastic divines—were made especial topics of eager and passionate discussion—placed side by side in all their remote bearings and ramifications, with the declarations and truths of the Scriptures—admitted as canons of truth and fitness only as they squared with the direct Word of God--when we consider. , these matters we are con strained to acknowledge that what goes under the deno mination of scholastic philosophy comprehends within itself a vast body of sound knowledge. * • There was a more open and direct communication with the sacred volume than at the present day, even though this volume is PON multiplied to an almost indefinite extent, and circulated among all classes of the people. * * * There is less known of the nature and import of Scrip ture, in connexion with man's duty and interest as a member of civil scciety, than there was in what are pro verbially termed the Dark ayes." The subject of this work is one of universal inte rest, and the manner of its treatment fits it for universal perusal. The young and unlearned will comprehend and derive information from it, for its style is remarkable for simplicity, and its explanations for explicitness; and, at the same time, even those who are not ignorant of the various matters to which it relates will find, in the admirable summary which it gives of so many complicated topics, at once a refreshment of their . . memory and a source of interesting meditation. Let no one suppose from the name that this wo rk i s serious as a homily or dry as an abstract history ; on the contrary, if one epithet describes its character more particularly than any other, it is the epithet of inte resting. Some of the chapters are as enthralling as the pages of a novel. Cordially we commend the work to general perusal ; it is calculated to make its readers wiser, and happier, and better—and few are the volumes of which we can say so much. AUSTRIAN LOAN. MEETING AT THE'LONDON TAVERN. A public meeting was held at the Lond_n Tavern yesterday, at one o'clock, to consider the advertisement recently issued by the Austrian Government for a I ,, en of 7,000,000/. sterling, and to agree to an address to the friends of peace and disarmament throughout the world, on the general question of loans for war purposes. The large room in which the meeting was held was crowded to excess. Among those present on the plat form we observed—Rich. Cobden, Esq., M.P.; Mr. G. W. Alexander; Lord Dudley Stuart, M.P.; J. Williams, Esq., M.P.; Rev. John Burnet; Charles Gilpin, Esq.; John Marland, Esq.; John Jones, Esq.; John Scoble, Esq.; Thomas Beggs ' Eoq ; Richard .Burritt, Esq. ; Alfred Rosling, Esq. ; J. C. Williams, E sq . ; Frederic Tuckett, Esq.; and Edward Perry, E.g. Mr. Cobden's appearance on the platform was the signal for a loud burst of applause. Mr. ALEXANDER, member of the Seciety of Friends, was unanimously elected to take the chair. After making a few preliminary obset vations, he said the time had nearly, if not wholly, passed by, when Governments would be able to obtain loans for the purpose of carry ing on war, not only in cons( quence ot the impolicy o the thing, but because prudent capitalists woeid not venture their money in speculations so uncertain. L was an cecouraging fact that only a very small pore tion, indeed, of the Austrian lour, as lately adver tised iu the newspapers, had been Lken up.—(Llear, hear, and cheers.) They were called upon on that occasion not merely to object to loan, because any in vestment in it was attended with risk, but chiefly be cause they had reason to believe that it was contractt.d for the purpose of carrying on a devastating was in these countries to which Austria stood in the relation of head. They objected not only to the cruel system of maintaining standing armies, but also to a system of loans, which led to acts of continual aggression by Governments against their subjects cr the subjects of other countries. Mr. Conner; then rose to propose the first resolution, and was received with a loud burst of applause. He said:—Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, I have to propose the following resolution:— " That the Government of Austria having proposed to raise a loan in foreign countries, capitalists and men of business are thereby invited to investigate the finan cial position of the said Government, and the probability of its repaying the loan thus proposed to be contracted; and that it is the opinion of this meeting that no valid security is tendered, or can be offered, in the present state of the Austrian Government, which would , justify prudent men in taking any part of the said l oan . ' It has, gentlemen, been my privilege to address my fellow-country men as often, and probably at as great a variety of places, as many men now living ; but I will say, with unfeigned confidence, that there never was an occasion when I came before my fellow-countrymen where I stood as firmly on theground ofjustice, humanity, and sound political economy, as do at the present moment.—(Cheers.) Now some have objected to the course I have taken in this matter on the ground that I am not adhering to the sound principles of political economy. I suppose they thought that a very vulner able point with respect to one who has said so much on the subject of free trade. Now I will begin with that which the enemy consider the strong ground, and while I say that I have gone through the length and breadth of tke land with " Adam Smith" in my hand, to advocate the prin ciples of free trade—l say I stand hero, with " Adam Smith," also, in my hand, to denounce not only this inherent waste of national wealth—not only because it anticipates income, consumescapital,but also on the ground of injustice to posterity by saddling on our heirs that which they have no right to be called upon to pay,—l say on all these grounds, with " Adam Smith" in my hand, and on his authority, I come here to denounce this loan.—(Loud cheers.) But, gen tlemen, while I come here to denounce as unjust, to expose as wasteful, and to demonstrate to be impolitic the system of lending money for the purposes fur which Austria wants to borrow, I do not confine myself to that. I do not propose hero to advccate going to Par liament to get a law to prohibit men lending money. I say I come here to try to do in a humble way that which I have done on the ques tion of free trade—populariza to the people of this country and the people of the continent the principles which Adam Smith, David Hume, M`Culloch, Montesquieu, and Ricardo and every man who has written on the subject have demonstrated are injurious to mankind and unjust in operation so long as they are continued.---(Cheers.) I come here to try to show my fellow•counrymen, in the first place, that they will do wrong in principle, and do wrong to society, by lending the produce of their industry or hard labour to the Austrian Government to be expended in the bottomless gulf of waste armaments and useless standing armies. I will show the impolicy on general principles of such a course, but I am not going in the present instance to confine myself to the general principle. I appeal to every individual who thinks of lending money to the Austrian Govern ment to pause before he entrusts his money to a power which has thrice committed an act of bankruptcy.—(Loud cheers, and some interruption caused by a person at the end of the room endeavouring to speak, and to whom a general cry of " Turn bins out," was directed) Turn nobody out; if he has sub scribed to this loan, he could only have paid 101. per cent. as a deposit, and if you keep him here, before I have done I will show him it is not his interest to pay the remainder.—(Laughter.) I will satisfy him that it is to his interest to forfeit the 101. per cent., and pay no more.—(Loud laughter—considerable interruption owing to the crowded state of the room.) I say the Austrian Government has three times committed an act of bankruptcy, and done it under cir cumstances of great and scandalous injustice, the im perial interests being taken care of. but the general public who subscribed to the loan being nearly sacri d . Well, Sir, what has been the progress of the Austrian finances since the last war? When the Go vernment come before us to borrow money—at least they do it through their agents, Messrs. Hope and Co., of Amsterdam—they give us no bona fide detailed kind of debtor and creditor statement of ac cc unts.—(Loud laughter.) We have no such statement from the Austrian Government; but in the absence of such a detailed and official statement I am bound to have recourse to the best private autho rity I conld find. Well, I take the work of standard reputation published in 1840, under the title of " Austria and its Future." It is a work well known, from the pen of Baron Andrian, who last year filled the high and responsible post in England of Ambassador to the central power of the German States. In 1840 he says, after a detailed statement of the various borrowings, loanings, lot teries, and every possible device by which the Austrian Government had managed their finances, for 25 years, from 1815 down to 1840, he sums up by stating, that from 1815 down to ;1840, a period of 25 years of profound peace, the Austrian Government has doubled the national debt tenfold. The book was reprinted in 1846 by the same author, with the addition of another volume, which says not ono word to disprove any statement of the Austrian finances, but ho tells us in it that since the period alluded to eight millions more has been added to the national debt; and therefore we come to the conclusion that the Austrian Government, from 1815 down to 1847, in a time of profound peace, have spent every year more than their income, and have consequently added to their national debt. In 1848, while they had 200,000 men under arms, the produce of all this waste expenditure, came the re volutionary epidemic: which passed over the continent, and, Austria fell, like a pack of cards, with all its royalty to support it—(Cheers)—fell like a house of cards, and from that time the Austrian empire has been in a state of perfect anarchy and disorder. Vienna, Venice, Pestb, Milan, Prague, and every capi tal, I believe, except Inspruck, has been bombarded by their own Governments, the importation of precious metals prohibited, and the foreign creditor prevented being paid his just debts, and these prohibitions exist at the present moment, and during all the anarchy and confusion, both political and financial, by which the Austrian Government was surrounded, they have increased their floating debt con siderably. I thick I shall be within the mark if I say that the debt has been increased twenty millions sterling— the result of the last eighteen months of social, political, and financial anarchy—to enable Austria to re deem part of that enormous floating debt, and how can they have the audacity for I cennot call it by any other name to come before the people of Western Europe for another loan? I ask the honest Dutchman, the honest Englishman, the pains taking and saving Swiss or Frenchman—l don't care who he is—l ask him if he will come with his hard earnings and throw it into the bottomless pit of waste and extravagance ?—(Cheers.) Now I ask you, if an individual has committed an act of bankruptcy three times, is it not likely that he will commit it again if it answer his purpose?—(Laughter and cheers.) Well, the Austrian Government had every motive in committing an act of bankruptcy again, for it is utterly impossible in any. other way to get the finances straight. But I warn every man in this country and abroad that this is but the begin ning of borrowing by the Austrian Government. — (Hear, and cheers.) This loan is but a mere drop in the ocean compared to what will be borrowed afterwards • and you must bear in mi n d that those who fend money first will be swamped and sacri ficed by those who come afterwards. When I state these facts it is not for the information of Messrs. Hope and Co., or any other large benking company, but they will be known alike in London, Amsterdam, and Vienna I wish the public to understand that the Austrian Go vernment will not redeem one farthing of the loan ; still it will be profitable to those agents and banks who find money for it through their connexion and customers. Now I bold in my hand the advertisement put forward by the Austrian Government, in our journals, and th at is my justification for coming here. It was put in our papers no doubt at the expense, I suppose, of the Austrian Government, and it invitee everybody to sub scribe or the loan, and is so accommodating, that in order that nobody should be excluded, says that people - .may subscribe for as low a sum as 100 florins, that is, 10/ (Laughter.) But it is said that the pith ot a le.dy's letter Is in the postscript. The end of it sass, "any person, who collects subscrip • duns to more than 2,500/., shall receive a co t m h; missioa of a quarter per cent. amc.unt of the payment made."—(Cheers.) The Hon. Gentleman then went on to say it was as despicable as a hucktser publishing in his window that every person who br'iught him a customer that purchased five shil lings' worth of goods should receive twopence for his pains.- -(Laughter.) He had asked the opinion of the be st authority in the City, and who was consulted always by the Government with respect to the rumou r about the loan being taken up already, and h e said he did not believe that a shilling had yet been .subscribed. The press had not made any straight forwat d statement that the loan was a good investment, but hq d confined themselves to traducing by iuuendoes and secret 'influences the men who came forward to speak the truth on the subject.—(Loud cheers.) But when he found that instead of answering his arguments they attacked him personally, he considered they were near the period of triumph.—(Loud cheers.) Having had means of ascertaining the state of Russian finances superior to those of most men he was justified in saying that the statements put forth on the subject were nothing but a piece of gigantic imposture. The Hon. Gentleman concluded amidst tho loudest applause by dissuading all capitalists from subscribing their money to a loan, which, as he had already shown , was not only unsafe, but would lead to rapine an d bloodshed. Lord DUDLEY STUART, M.P., (who was well received) then roso to second the resolution. He said he did so with great pleasure, which was enhanced by having to raise his voice in support of the arguments of such a man as the one who had moved the resolution.— (Hear, hear.) And the more so, becsuse they had not always ag reed as they now did on foreign politics. S uc h was sure to be case when ques tions were sifted by men whose principles were placed u;,•on the same basis.—(hear, hear.) Mr. Cobden had so well illustrted the subject in its commercial and reli gious gmuude, tht.t it would not be requisite that he •houid address many observations to them upon it. Commercially site aking, and on the ground of self-interest upon that low ground it behoved them to consider the subject. They should be sere that the lean woul I not he " a mockery, a delusion, and a snare" —to be sure that t he Emperor of Austria was coming here to put his hand into the pockets of British merchants, who slight ultimately be reduced with their rtmilies to ruin. No de uht Mr. Cobden had told them that the loan was illegal. Mr. COBDEN—No, I did not. That is a good point. Lord D. STUART—WeII, then, ho would tell them that it was illegal and an imposture. It was not sanctioned by the Diet and was only signed by a Minister; and the time might come when Austria, finding it inconvenient to pay even the interest upon the loan, might turn round and say it was not authorised by the constituted authorities of the State.—(Hear.) And such extraordinary things were dune by Sovereigns of the present day, that worse things had been done and would be done ; indeed it almost seemed that some of the nations of Europe bad retrograded to the dark ages.—(Hear, hear.) Much had been said of the lawlessness of the people ; but what was the lawless ness of those placed at the head of States? The people in Vienna, Rome, and Paris had not committed out rages upon property—(Hear)— they had respected its rights.—(Hear, hear.) Talk of red republics. Are there no red monarchies?—(Loud cheers.) What should be said of Governments that employed monsters like Haynau, who hanged his prisoners, shot men, women, and children—who insulted his soldiers, flogged women, and in order to show his impartiality, hung the Ministers of the Catholic and Protestant faiths on the same gibbet? And would they lend money to Go vernments to help them to do the same again ?—(Cries of " Never.") As Mr. Cobden bad said, this was merely a loan to Russia, the monster of Russia, for Austria had sunk so low that she could not raise a loan without the Czar.—(Hear, hear.) The brutal conduct of the' Czar with respect to the vanquished Hungarians and Polish exiles who had sought the protection of Turkey, showed that no nation that respected liberty could conscien tiously lend money to such a Power. Turkey had been driven to givo these exiles, in pursuance of an old treaty, one of but two alternatives—spostacy to their religion—to become Mussalmans, or to be given up for slaughter.—(Hear.) To such an extremity had Turkey been reduced by this great Power. The offer was one which would digust every religious mind, and raise up a voice of denunciation throughout the whole country. These noble patriots had spurned this offer. Some men, not however the great body of them, had embraced Islamism and entered the army of Turkey in the hope of saving their lives, and to meet their enemy in the field. Should any Government like Great Britain support such a power as that possessed by Russia of demanding these unfortunate persons in order to put them to death ? Surely not. Rather support the Porte,— (Hear, hear.) And surely the Government, whose foreign affairs were in the hands of such a man as Lord Palmerston—(Loud cheers)—would protest against such a course.— (Cries of " Hear, hear.") Would the capitalists lend their money to promote the nefarious practices of such:powers as Austria and Russia ?—(Hear.) The Jews had been oppressed by Austria in Hungary, and would any of the race lend money for such a pur pose ?—(No, no.) One of their representatives was a Jew— (A voice—" Where is he?")—and on the last occasion he was in that hall, which was a meeting to sympathise with Hungary, a Jew (Mr. Alderman Salomons) was in the chair, and he believed :that such was the feeling of the Jews that they would not lend their money on the low ground of business for subverting liberty. Whoever did so would be loaded with ignominy. In con clusion, he said this was but the beginning of a new movement of great importance, to which they would be as much indebted to Mr. Cobden as for the Anti-Corn law League. Even the Tory press, who had supported tho conduct of Austria in her invasion of Hungary, now, to their credit, stigmatized the inhumanity of Russia and Austria with respect to the exiles. They might depend upon it when the Czar knew that the Government of this country were determined to support Turkey, and were supported by the people, as he be lieved it would, he would think twice of his demand for the bodies of the exiles, and fear to meet a small squa dron of the British.—(Cheers.) The lives of the uutor tunate exiles would be saved, and the independence of Turkey maintained.—(Loud cheers.) The resolution was carried unanimously, and with much applause. Mr. C. GILPIN moved the next resolution:— " That in the opinion of this meeting loans for war purposes and for the maintenance of standing armaments are unsound in principle and injurious to the interests o nations." lie knew with what a shout of derision the resolution would be receiv. d in Printinghouse-square, for the writers in the Times, judging by their own standard of morality, saw no distinction or connexion between mo rality and capital and its use.—(hear, hear.) The people of this country, who had 101. to spare, were asked, in effect, to reward such a miscreant as llaynau. Let them (protest, in the name of all that was just and merciful, against redeeming the blood stained bonds of that Emperor of Austria. If Empe rors were obliged to pay their wars out of their own resources, what a salutary effect it would havo upon the Cabinets of Europe. 'there would then be more real constitutions, less falsified promises, and less trampling upon the liberties of the people. Such loans were injurious to the interests of nations, and they bad abundant proof of it in their own case, for they had a debt of 800,000,0001, the taxes levied:to pay the interest upon which pressed heavily upon the people, but ground the poor man into the dust.—(llear, hear.) They wad their children's children would have to pay it. Then two of the wars in which so much of money had been spent were stated to have been useless. It was time for the people of this country to say they would have no mere of this. Tho Hon. ta'entleman con cluded a very eloquent speech, which was much cheered, by proposing the resolution. The Rev. J. 13URNET seconded the resolution. Timo was when the people were the mere playthings of the great men of the earth; but now the people would be to blame if they let the great men do as they liked with them. Let them shut their pockets, and there would be no war. The great men would find something else to do. The Times said, Mr. Cobden's letter to Mr. Fry caused much laughter upon 'Change. That was turning the laugh back again.—(Much laughter.) He would rather see them engage in a hearty laugh than in a hearty war, even if he were the cause of it.—(Laughter.) The Times went on to say, that in matters of business politics were not minded, of which it said Mr. Cobden appeared to be ignorant. This was equivalent to saying that Mr. Cobden was not aware of what great rogues these men on the Exchange were.—(Loud cheers.) He was opposed to lending money for war altogether. There was poor glory in war. When the sun went down and the moon rose on the field of Waterloo, on the 18th of June, there was little glory in the sight of the mangled bodies of the soldiers. Let the great men go into the field alone, and let them have DO pay, and they would soon cease to war. If industry was capital, war was the destroyer of capital and industry. Soldiers were the only persons in the community who did not produce anything. He and they were looked upon as little men by the great men. Let the little men now prevent the great men from doing what they liked with the resources which they created.—(hear, hear.) A GENTLEMAN on the platform reminded the meeting that this loan w hen looked upon in its true light was blood money, and that it would be applied to promote oppression and slaughter.—(Hear, hear.) The resolution was carried unanimously. Mr. LEAF, of the Stock Exchange, moved, and Mr. SCOBELL seconded, a vote of thanks to the Chairman. Mr. COBDEN supported the motion. He could find a game-cock or a bull-dog who possessed more physical courage than any two-legged creature they could name. Now it was strange that men in Lombard street wanted moral courage—that men rich in the world's goods were not themselves independent.—(Hear, hear, and laughter.) Now, the Chairman, was a Lom bard-street man, and they were much indebted to him. He (Mr. Cobden) hoped, that though he was a political economist, he was not devoid of the common principles of enthusiasm and humanity. It was said by the Tinter, that he had brought Russia and Turkey by the ears. (Laughter.) It was absurd. It was said that the Emperor of Russia danced in his shirt when he heard that the Hungarians had been subdued.—(Roars of laughter.) Why, he ought, to havo been a shamed of himself, not for dancing in his shirt—(Laughter)—but for, in conjunction with Austria, their united population being 100,000,000, attacking Hungary with 6,000,000. Of that he ought to have been heartily ashamed. It was not more than two years ago, that Bern and Dembinski were in this country. Would the Emperor of Russia have dared to demand them of us ?—(Loud ch eers .) But it showed that the Emperor of Russia was eccentric ?—(Laughter)—so indeed were, all despots. Nebuchadnezzar was eccentric, but not half so ty rann i ca l as the Czar.—(Hear, hear.) And though ho was an advocate of peace, should he not be permitted, it he saw a bull pursuing his headlong course, take the liberty of reminding him that he might run his bead against something harder than his own skull? —(Laughter.) Therefore, he said if Russia attacked them they would hermetically seal up her ports. Put a jury of Dutchmen or Greeks who belonged to maritime nations into a jury -box, and they would declare Russia could not meet us by land one six months of the bear, and in the next the frost would blockade up her ports during the other.—(hear, hear.) Though the Emperor, in his eccentricity, might not understand these things, his Ministers did so perfectly well. Blockade the ports of Russia for six weeks, and the Ress'an nobles, finding no sale for their wool, and hemp, and flax, which was all mortgaged before sent out, for they were all living in anticipations of their means, as landlords did else where ; before they had hermetically sealed their ports HAYMARKET THEATRE. Never do we remember to have seen a theatre more crowded than was the Haymarket Theatre last evening, and the occasion was one which called in a most especial manner for an expression of sym pathy on the part of the British public with one who has by his example done more to elevate and dignity the histrionic profession than any other man now living ; who has shown that it is possible to be at the same time a leading actor, a ripe scholar, a finished gentleman, and a good man; but who had been bru tally outraged by an ignorant and an excited mob, halloo'd an to mischief by a man who was as inca pable of appreciating the high and gentlemanly feeling of him he outraged as he was of rivalling him as an actor or as a scholar. It was the first appearance in the metropolis of Mr. Macready since his return from America, and the audience with which the Haymarket Theatre was crammed last evening was gathered together as much to express sympathy with the man as admiration for the actor. Never had actor such a reception as that which g: eeted Mr. Macready last evening ; his reception wl en he made his first appearance at the Princess's afro • his return from America five years ago, grand is it was, was tame in comparison with his receptie last evening. The whole house, which was crowded, from the orchestra stalls to the gallery ceiling, rose at him and cheered:; the, ladies in the boxes were waiving their handkerchiefs, and the men were waiving their hats, cheering the whole time. This continued for several minutes, and the cheering died away as it wouldlseem from the sheer exhaustion of the cheerers ; they had, however, only paused to, take breath, again was the cheering renewed, and again and again, before the play was suffered to proceed. That play was :Mac beth, and the play-going public are so well acquainted with Mr. Macready's reading of the character, that it woulcl;be work of supererogation to indulge in any lengthened commentary. He has come back to us the same Macready that he ever was, with energies undiminished, and with mannerisms uncorrected. It is announced that at the conclusion of the present season it is his intention to retire from the stage ; we hope, however, that he will be induced to recon sider his determination. There is no failing in either his mental, or his physical powers; he owes a debt of duty to the art which has made him what he is, and he ought not to retire at the moment when the in terests of that art most require his presence. At the conclusion of the tragedy he was again called for ward, and his reception was to the full as enthu siastic as it had been on his first appearance. The play was strongly cast. Mrs. Warner was the Lady Macbeth, and albeit her performance is by no means faultless, yet taken as a whole, hers is by fa r the best Lady Macbeth on the stage. That most accomplished of artists, James Wallack, acted Mac duff beautifully; and Stuart, James Bland, and C. Selby, were the best witches we have ever seen. There was a fiend-like energy and hellish malignity about the acting of Stuart that was admirably in keeping with the character. Miss P. Horton was the Hecate, and, with the exception of the introduc tion of some ornaments of rather doubtful character into the air, Now I'm furnished for my flight," she sang and acted admirably. The music altogether was very well performed. A slight incident occurred during the course of the performance, which at one time threatened to mar the harmony of the evening. The house, :as we before stated, was crowded to suffocation at the commencement of the evening, and when some per sons, who gained admission at half-price, sought for accommodation, of course there was none to be found; whereupon the new corners set up a loud call for " Webster," and would not be pacified. At length Wallack came forward, and informed them that Mr. Webster was not in the house, but that if they were at all incommoded they should, if they would leave the theatre, have tickets given them for another night, when the per formances would be repeated. This assurance satisfied the dissentients, and the performances pro ceeded triumphantly to their close. WESTERN LITERARY INSTITUTION.—Last evening the first of a series of " Glee Concerts" was given at this excellent institution. The programme was ex tremely attractive, containing, as it did, some of the best compositions of our old English masters, which were well executed by the professionals, both vocal and in strumental. We were glad to see the concert so highly appreciated as it was by the numerous and respectable audience cssembied within the theatre of the institution. It would be au injustice did we omit to mention the great ability with which Mrs. Fentum, Miss Melvin, Mr. May (director of the concert), and Mr. Griesbach, acquitted themselves. LAMBETH CHORAL SOCIETY.— The members of the Lambeth Choral Society held a public tea meeting and gave a concert last night i❑ the large school room, Chapel-place, Great Suffialk-street, Borough. The tea meeting was most fully attended, and the performances of the society were much applauded. The concert con sisted of selections of anthems, odes, &c., from the Union Harrnonist, with a variety of new sacred music. The Rev. W. Chalmers, A.M., officiated as chairman of the tea meeting, while Mr. hawker, organist of All Saints, St. John's Wood, presided at the pianoforte; and Mr. W. Smith, the precentor of Marylebone Presbyterian Church, conducted the concert. THE EGYPTIAN LOCUST.—A specimen of this insect was captured near Handsworth church on Saturday last. Another specimen taken near Smethwick, a few days since, is still alive, and feeds upon various kinds of leaves and plants.—,Birmingham hiercuty. 387 115 c for six weeks the nobles would depose of the Cliar'i 1 I eccentricity in order to sell their commodities.—(Hear.i 1 He hughed heartily at the idea of Russia going ' ito war with Ergland, more heartily s till a t h e r I going to war with England and Fr ance . Ile heartily joined with Lord Dudley Stuart in the Pope that Lord Palmerston had represented to Russia ti`iat the unanimous f ee li ng o f t h e p eo pl e o f W es t ern Eurore was against the attempt now being made to hang these people. Though he spoke thus, he did not mean in the least to detract from the peace doctrines which be had enunciated. The meekest member of the Society of Friends, if he saw a ruffian beating a child in the streets, would not hesitate to express his opinion at all evea; te. —(Loud laughter.) If he was told that he mortis endangering the risk of the Emperor of Russia attacking us by what he was saying, he would take all the risk upoa himself. But, in truth, there could be no war between Russia and England if the Emperor could not come here at the head of a heed of Cossacks; in fact, lie would not show himself in an aggressive capacity before Englishmen at all.—(Hear, hear.) Why, we should not require more ships to blockade the ports of Russia than we were keeping up in a time of peace. In the eturse of a foe-tnight he hoped It o see Korsw.li and his brave comp.inions in this country.—(Prolonged cheering.) The Emperor of Austria was hourly decorating the bre..vts of 'the butchers recently employed in "lunge 1- 7 ; and would they lend him money to rewar, 1 such butchers?—(No, no.) And when Kossuth and ht.' com panions came here let them see if they could not dect `rata them with something more valuable still—the genet% mu applause of a great, free, and indepandent nation. The motion was carried unaeimou sly. The CHAIRMAN returned thanks, and the meeting' separated. TESTIMONIAL TO THE HUNGARIAN REFUGEES. " THE HUNGARIAN NATION COUNTS ON THE SYMPATHY OF EVERY NATION WHICH LOVES EIGHT AND la- BERTY."—Kossuth's Protest against Russian Interven tion. Subscriptions may be sent to the following bunkers: — Messrs. Coutts and Co. Messrs. Drummond. Messrs. Smith, Payne, and Smith ; or to any one of the members of the committee formed to carry out the Testimonial. • * *All further Post-office orders to be made payable toMurdo Young, Esq., at the Money Order Office, Strand. Subscriptions already received ... £1,106 19 RESCUE OF SIR J. FRANKLIN. To THE _EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sia,-1 have addressed a copy, of the follow ing to the First Lord of the Admiralty ; should you think it worthy of notice, perhaps you would give it publicity in your widely-circulated paper. I am, &c. G. SHEPHERD, C.E. THE RIGHT HON SIR F. BARING, BART., FIRST LORD OF THE ADMIRALTY. Sir,—l trust your Lordship will excuse the liberty I have taken in addressing you, but in the year 1844 I witnessed an experiment on the Danube river. A mere shell was exploded under the ice, which was nearly four feet in thickness. The effect it produced was terrific; large masses of ice were forced in all directions, or, in other words, rendered the space where the explosion had taken place completely navigable. My object for informing your Lordship of this circumstance is for the rescue of Sir J. Franklin and his compa nions by the same means. I beg to suggest that two or more ships should be sent out, with suitable cases or charges of gunpowder or gun cotton, varying in power to suit the various thicknesses of the ice ; holes could be bored through the ice, the charges inserted, and fired by means of safety fusees. It is obvious that, from the incompressive state of the water and the brittle nature of the ice, that the above means might be employed in making a road (infinitely better than ice sawing) for the gallant adventurers to return to their friends. I beg to tender my ser vices to your Lordship, should the above means be deemed advisable, to join any expedition for the above purpose. Judging from the above experiment, I have no hesitation in saying that from 10 to 15 miles per day could be e ff ected, and this with trifling amount of labour. I have the honour to be your Lordship's most obedient servant, G. SHEPHERD, C.E. 26, Fleet-street, Oct 6, 1849. THE PHRENOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE HEAD OF THE MURDERER WILSON. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sra,—Considerable attention of late years has been directed, by scientific men, to the phrenological deve lopments of great criminals; some very just and im portant remarks have been made on the subject, and some striking manifestations certainly have been occasionally furnished—though we unquestionably think that many of the representations mad© in so positive and absolute a manner should be received with great caution, and with considerable limitation. It appears that, when the late atrocious murderer, Wilson, was executed at Liverpool, only one cast of his head was taken, and that presented some striking developments. It is stated that he had, according to Spurzheim's technical, or as many deem it, scientific phraseology, " amativeness, combativeness, destructiveness, secre• tiveness, self-esteem, and firmness, very large ; acqui sitiveness large, and love of approbation full." The region of the moral sentiments was both low and narrow. The organ of ideality was most strik ingly deficient, thus leaving the character utterly unrelieved in its grossness. The cincipital part of the head was in the form which an idiot's head might be expected to assume. The organs of the perceptive faculties were tolerably well developed ; but those of the reflective powers wer e v er y small. The tempera ment is represented as having been a combination of "the sanguineous and the bilious"—a most unfavour able one, as giving the greatest activity, permanency, and strength, to the manifestations of the predomi nating animal propensities. Now, granting that all this is phrenologically cor rect, arid admitting, as we ingenuously do, that phre nology has made some singular disclosures, and that it is, by no means, as many tell us, to be disregarded and despised, ought not its representations to be care fully weighed, and to be received with great caution, in connexion with moral tendencies, and positively necessary tendencies, arising out of physical confor mation, and particularly the structure and appearances of the skull? We would not ridicule, nor would we idly disbelieve, still we consider that, in reference to these points, very great caution is requisite. We have examined the casts of more than one atrocious criminal, and have not found the develop ments which we expected; sometimes very different have been presented. If the statements of phrenologists be absolutely credited, it was necessary for Wilson to be a murderer, and one certainly of the vilest and most atrocious character; that in consequence of the phrenological developments, there would necessarily be " the cun ning of the gof thefox h , y a e n n. and the " violent, savage, rind ruthless passion But is it, we ask, really, necessarily, invarbbly so ? Is a man, because he has similar structural develop ments, compelled to commit murder, and muriler of the vilest kind ? Would such a combination of phrenological mani festations necessarily, and in every instance, lead to the perpetration of foul crime ? Have early training:, the omission of early moral discipline, the abandon ment or the forgetfulness of religion, nothikg what ever to do with it ? We would not indulge, as many superior men do, in unqualified remarks opposed to phrenology as a science, or pour forth any raillery, because we consider that there is much truth aud force in some of its representations ; still we cannot help thinking that they are carried very often, in the case of criminals, a great deal tco far. Phrenological developments may often communicate much, or pre dict much ; still, in regarding these, we would not lose sight of moral causes—the want of early atten tion, early education, early discipline and restraint-- the neglect of inculcating those sentiments of morality and Christianity, by regarding which all crime would be avoided, whatever its comparative insignificance, as well as those enormous offences whose penalty is the gibbet. We often consider that these p oints are much lost enthusiastic hey a r i n u n theirqua . and ins as so . c science, that everything devotion in t bhtyoe ratheir p e i ft r ai e ov n no o us must be made to square with it—everything must be subservient to it, and even moral and religious consi derations are passed by, as matter comparatively un deserving of attention and regard. We would, in conclusion, observe that phrenology cannot be utterly disbelieved, still it cannot be abso lutely credited. Its statements on moral develop ments, particularly, often demand great cautiozi. I remain, Sir, yours, &c., Bridport. T. W. ROYAL SAPPERS AND MINERS.—WOOLWICIL OCT. B.—lntelligence was received at head-quarters here this' morning of a serious accident which occurred at Sand hurst on Saturday last, by which Sergeant Cameron, of the Royal Sappers and Miners, was severely hurt, and a private of the same corps much injured. Sergeant Cameron, in the performance of his duty as i n instructor of the cadets stud3ing at the Royal Artillery College at Sandhurst, in order to illustrate the manner in which stockades are destroyed, had a small one com.tructed. While in the act of approaching the spot where di.' POw" der was placed, to ignite the blow match with the port fire which he had previously lighted, and was carry ing in his hand, the explosion of the whole charge, weight of powder, took place, and he had his right arm' blown off, his eyes driven out of his bead, and his lower jaw so shattered, that it fell down on his breast; and he was altogether so dreadfully injured, that no hope was held out that he could survive, although he was not dead when the bearer of the intelligence left Sandhurst. The private, who was at a short distance fry him, escaped with less injuay Y.) 548, , and taken cafes East t.ids ; puns, :k in z., 95 0( I,n 4id, au ty. were t., 15 l the ning, T. mis- the mats for ards lack s to ling oral 3ar, ?sir- Me sent )n -►rd ,h© his