The Sun. — London, England, 1855-07-23 00:00:00

THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL. The Constitutionnel of Friday has some con siderations on the peculiar nature of the difficulties connected with the siege of Sebastopol. which are worthy of extract. It says " Sebastopol resembles in nothing an ordinary forti fied place, and there is no comparison to be made be tween the assault on the Russians in that place and the ordinary sieges, even the most difficult, recorded in history. The best fortified places are usually environed by a chain of defensive works which it suffices to make a breach in on one point. Sebastopol is not a city so sur rounded ; it is the reunion of numerous citadels, gene rally independent of each other, separated by deep ravines and by creeks which form so many natural ditches, so that after having penetrated into one of these works, the allied troops find they have only made one step for ward, and that in front new ramparts arise and other obstacles of all kinds are multiplied. To open a breach in the weakest part of the fortifications, to push forward assault - columns, and penetrate by this means into the place, is out of the question. It is necessary to carry successively by the bayonet, under cross-fires of the most redoubtabl e d escr iption, a series of fortifications, each of which would require a long siege. We say by the bayonet, for it must not be dissembled that artillery, ordinarily prepondering in sieges, is here of only medi ocre effect. That which helps to impart a character altogether exceptional to the siege of Sebastopol is the very nature of the works executed for the defence of th e c ity. These works are of earth, and consequently altogether temporary, for when towns are fortified i n a permanent manner, solid materials are necessarily em ployed. But this circumstance serves the Russian army, as the balls make but little impression on these earth- Ivlrks." The journal here observes on the well-known, often-repeated disadvantages to the besiegers un der such circumstances, and then proceeds : " The dangers of storming are greater at Sebastopol than anywhere else. As the aggregate of the fortresses could not be invested the troops defending the town are constantly renewed, and in consequence escape the discouragement and the fatigue experienced by a garri son during a long siege. That which the Russian Go vernment calls the garrison of Sebastopol is, in fact, all and entirely the Russian army. Russia concentrates in the Crimea all she has of energy, resources, and soldiers. A siege, which commonly is but a secondary operation in the general plan of a campaign, has become, in the Crimea, by a concurrence of circumstances, known to all the world, the tie knot of the war, and, it may be said, that the fate of the Russian empire is dependent on the resistance or the fall of a single place. Every assault may therefore count as a great battle, not only because of the number of men who may be engaged on both sides, but also by its important consequences with regard to the definitive solution of the question. In the contest now going on, the Russians have such superior advantages of every kind, that it is astonishing how, brave as they are, they have been constantly beaten since the commencement of the siege. They have at hand, that is at their disposal, all the resources of the country, and with the nature of these resources they are perfectly conversant. They combat iu positions chosen by themselves, confine themselves to the defensive, and are constantly sheltered under ramparts ; they draw upon an arsenal overflowing with munitions, which have been accumulated there for years, and, what was never known before, they posses., for a place besieged by land, ships whose formidable batteries, transported at will on every point menaced by the besieger, effectually second the fire of the place. When the general commanding at Sebastopol foresees an assault, he orders out of the town the battalions which, having already measured themselves with the Allies, and proved the effects of their bravery, might be demoralised. Fresh troops are then brought into the place, who have sojourned and been reorganised in the for tified camp of the Russians at Beliseck ;they arrive thusbe fore the assailing forces with all their moral and physical force. Why should not these courageous and well disciplined forces defend themselves vigorously behind ramparts, that is to say, in a positio n w h ere i n f er i or troops often resist effectively the most resolute attacks ? The Russian Generals disdain none of the trickery of war, none of the means of destruction which may con tribute to a successful defence. They endeavour to im pose on the imagination of their adversaries when they cannot otherwise make an impression on them. They have proceeded even to place on their glacis the machines Jacobi, which, in the assault of the 18th, exploded and wounded several men. These are less an instrument of defence, for that would be puerile, than a means of making believe in the imaginary existence of machines quite otherwise formidable which should be disposed in the interior of the city. From the beginning of the siege have they not spread reports that all the fortifications were mined, and at the last extremity they would blow up the con querors and conquered altogether ? That match has been eventuated at the capture of the Mamelon Vert, ' which made no explosion at all, notwithstanding that it equally passed for a mine. But the Russians then, with that astuteness which is one of the salient trains of their character, caused it to be reported that they had not had the time to fire the train of powder. In despite of all these efforts, notwithstanding the incontestable bravery of the Russian army, with all the advantages we have enumerated, what is the respective position of the two armies? Ours has never flinched one step. Its approaches, retarded by unheard-of difficulties, have been constantly pursued with a firmness not to be shaken ; the Russian army has been vanquished in two great battles, and has been forced to relinquish any attack on our lines. All in making way against the Malakhoff Tower, which appears to be the key of the first defences, we are pre paring the means for opening fire on the ships which our bombs have not yet been able to reach, and whose fire inflicted so much damage on our attacking columns on the 18th of June. Experience has taught us to employ in carrying on this siege the kind of projectile which is the most proper for making an impression on the ene my ; we began the attack with siege pieces of an insuf ficient calibre, but we continue it with an artillery supe rior to that of the enemy, who, to save his ammunition, or by the powerlessness of struggling with us, withdrew his guns from the embrasures on occasion of the can nonade which preceded the last assault. At this mo ment important ironworks at Manchester are employed in founding new piecesaof artillery, from which a tre mendous result is expected. The allied army is, besides, well provisioned, and exempt from the epidemic diseases which make such ravages in the ranks of the Russians." The following letter is extracted from the DerbpAire C 'trier RIGHT SIEGE TRAIN, BEFORE SEBASTOPOL, 3d July, 1555. In my last letter I wound up when just going to the trenches. I passed the night in the " Quarry," and a remarkably warm night it was—shell from coborn mor tars streamed in the whole night, dinning one with their explosions and the whizz of the pieces. I passed some time in dodging them about the traverse, but afterwards occupied a corner with a colonel and major of the Guards, all determined to make the best of it, and resolved that if one of our fizzing visitors did lob over the top of the parapet we could not help it, but that we certainly would not pay them that attention we had hitherto done. I fere we had an agreeable variety of gun shell, and shot, which twice nearly buried us in dust and filth, exfloding in the parapet above ; however, we lighted our cigars again, and made the best of it. A piece of shell came thud close to my hoot, and a poor fellow (Owen, of the 23d) was killed near. A shell burst close above a cluster of men, and, without touching one of them, cut a musket completely through. The few casualties are most extra ordinary when compared with the vast quantity of shot, shell, grape, and rifle balls fired only 200 yards off, and at men exposed as working parties or thickly huddled in the trench. What knocks a fellow up in the trenches are the cold and damp nights followed by scorching dusty days, and these have made me rathe r seedy, and, I am sorry to say, have touched my liver up again ; however, I have at present warded off any serious attack, though I have been rather afraid of another bout like the win ginger are at pre ter one, and blue pills and essence of Bent the order of the day. It is said that Baraguay d'Hilliers and 50,000 men are going to land at Eupatoria, and complete the investment, which will be a work of some time. The French are ordered to prepare for the winter. 6 th July. I was rather seedy when I last wrote, and the next' morning wag attacked with low fever and liver p a i n .. was in detail for the trenches the next day, and, not liking to draw in another for a dangerous duty at so late an hour, bucked myself up and went off at 4 a.m., though somewhat against A--'s wishes. The day was a hot one, with occasional showers, and we had a good deal of firing. My relief did not arrive till be tween 9 and 10 p.m., there being some alteration, as a universal attack from the ruins was expected ; the end of it was that I became thoroughly knocked no and done for with bilious fever and liver pains, but I am glad to say I am better this evening. To-morrow I shall have had sufficient experience to report before any future Sebastopol committee as to the state of our ambulances, as I am ordered to be conveyed in one of them to our Sanitarium at Balaklava, a pleasant, cool place. A very nice fellow, Gordon' was killed yesterday by a shell ; h e bad been a volunteer for some time, having brought over horses, and every preparation was being made fur his return to England. Miss Goddard has been giving some concerts at Florence, where, according to the Leo d'Europa, she has made a most favourable impression. BCBGLART AND ATTEMPTZD INITIRDER.—A burglary, a ccompanied with a des perate attempt a t mur d er , was com mitted on Mouclay roaming last, at Pimlico. The family of Mr. Kilson, of 114, W arwick -street, Pimlico, being on a visit in Devonshire, the house has been left of tiMartha Rao?, the housem a id , who, for the in chg better are protecon of the h property, Was Permitted t o h ave her grandfather in the ouse to sleep. They retired to their res pective rooms between 10 and 11 on Sunday night, and at about five orithe followingabout e nlng th ,7 girl, hearing somebody walking house, an— father, got up and opened the thinking it was her grand she slept, to i' door of t h e back kitchen, in which nqu 're what h e wanted. She had no sooner done so than she was felled to the g afterwards the with the kitchen poker, and hour became senseless. In about an hour poor girl was discovered lying upon her bed, with a rope tied tightly round her neck, apparently in a lifeless con dition. The b e d clothes were thrown over her, an there is no d ou b t that the robbers considered they had effected their murderous purpose. The only matter of surprise was that she still lived, for no less than seven scalp wounds had been inflicted upon her head, besides other blows about her arms and body. She now lies at St. George's Hospital without the slightest hopes of re covery. The thieves effected an entrance by the front kitchen window, having climbed over the area railings, and carried off a great quantity of plate and other valua ble& There is as yet no clue to the offenders. THE LANCASTER SEUL FACTORY AT WOOLWICH. To any person who would wish to form some approxi mate idea of the nature and extent of the preparations and warlike stores required for carrying on the present war, we would recommend a visit to the yards, work shops, and arsenals of Woolwich. This is the special department of the Ordnance, and here "bolts," far inure Eormidable than those of Jove himself, are forged by the thousands of grimy Vulcans, who sweat at the furnaces or toil at the myriad lathes which are in operation. Each subdivision of the enormous works here carried on, and each pile of warlike stores may be measured by acres. Here are acres of ground covered by more than thirty thousand cannon of all bores and sizes ; acres of ammu nition waggons, gun carriages, light carts, waggons, and ambulances; acres traverse" in every direction by power ful cranes, where timber is deposited ; acres of shot and shell in symmetrical piles, and acres of machinery of all descriptions. There are lathes for boring and turning the lightest brass field-pieces and the heaviest armament for a ship's broadside ; there are machines, by scores, which grasp long coils of lead, pinch off an ex actly measured piece, squeeze it into shape, and deliver, each minute, from 60 to 100 finished Minie bullets. Here are machines which, at a single blow, divide a sheet of copper into the forms required for making the percussion -caps, others which fold them into shape, and others which prepare them for finally receiving the de tonating powder. In the carpenters' shops there are sawing, planing, mortising, drilling, and boring ma chines, which threaten soon to render the trade of the carpenter a matter of history, and to make manual la bour as much a thing of the past as the old " fa,u connet " of the middle ages, or the battering-ram of the ancients. But the glowing furnaces, the forges, the steam hammers, and those huge, passionless, resist. less lathes, which cut you off a shaving of metal, and the drills which force their steel finger through an inch plate of cold iron with as much ease and unconcern as though they were dealing with a lump of butter or cutting a sheet of paper, are the things most cal culated to impress the mind of the visitor, and they pro duce in him a feeling of something like awe and profound admiration for human genius, which thus shows itself able to conquer and subdue nature to its own purposes ; though that feeling is certainly saddened by the reflec tion that all this power and all this genius is expended in order to provide the nation with the means of devas tating, destroying, and laying waste the lives and pro perty of our fellow-men. The latest addition to the many extraordinary opera tions carried on at Woolwich is that for the manufacture of shells for the Lancaster guns, and it is perhaps the most marvellous instance which the age can furnish of the successful application of well-directed energy to the accomplishment of a great purpose. At the latter end of the month of November, at a time of unusual incle mency, the Government decided that a large quantity of shells for the Lancaster guns should be sent with the Baltic fleet ; but there was then no machinery in exist ence to make them; and no building in which to put up the machinery when constructed. In this dilemma the Board of Ordnance sent for Sir Charles Fox, of the firm of Fox, Henderson, and Co., the great contrac tors, and told him what they required, and how urgent and pressing were the wants. There were no plans of the building ready, and the only thing decided upon was, that the building and machinery should cover about 3,000 square yards. The next door the indefatigable engineer, to the astonishment of the board, who did not expect to see him again for a week at least, presented himself with the whole of the working drawings, the de• tails of the estimates worked nut, and a tender for the completion of the building within three months. The fleet was sail for the Baltic in March, and three months would not, it was thought, afford sufficient time to have the shells ready. It was necessary to have the building completed in less time, and the contractor, with an in telligent disregard of time, undertook to have everything ready within one month. Amid rain and storm, frost and snow, the work rapidly progressed, and, within one month front the time of commencing operations, the building was completed and handed over to the authorities. The build ing covers 3,000 square yards, the walls are 25 feet in height, and 16 inches in thickness. It is covered by a segmental roof of corrugated iron, supported in the centre by a row of iron columns and girders. But in addition to the main building, a lathe-house adjoining, and a chimney some 100 feet in height, were erected, and foun dations laid for the furnaces, steam hammers, and heavy machinery. In the course of some remarks which were made with respect to this building in the House of Com mons, a short time since, it was stated that modificetions of his plans were prepared by the Royal Engineers, but that Sir C. Fox refused to permit any interference with his own designs, stating that if he was to construct the building in the required time he must remain perfectly unfettered by any Government control. So startling and revolutionary an announcement threw the Board of Ord nance and the Royal Engineers into a state of no small alarm. The Board of Ordnance ultimately claimed as a sine qua non for dispensing with the usual official inspec tor, that the contractor should himself guarantee that the structure would stand for 12 month+ at least after its erection. The wounded pride of the corps of Royal Engi neers was satisfied, they felt confident that the building would fall in less than six months, and wondered at the rashness of a man who would guarantee, under heavy penalties, that it should last twice as 'wig as the period predicted for its fall. A few days since the period of trial had elapsed, the six months had passed away, but the shell factory still remains, a monument to the genius and enterprise of the contractors. But as a striking illustration of the mode in which public business is transacted at the Ordnance, it may be stated that the written order to erect the building was only delivered to the contractors on the day before the whole of the work was finished, and the factory banded over to the posses sion of the authorities. The whole of the correspon dence between the Board of Ordnance and Sir C. Fox on the subject was yesterday laid before Parliament, and the series forms not the least interesting or instructive of the many documents which appeared, and which tend to throw light on the management of public depart ments and the conduct of operations connected with the war. The correspondence cioses with a report presented to the Board of Ordnance by Mr. Anderson, the inspec tor of machinery at Woolwich, which states, "Several of tiee leading engineers of the country have expressed to me their admiration of the structure, and look upon it as a marvel in having been constructed in such a short space of time." Mr. Anderson also states that ordinarily it would have taken eight or nine months to complete the building. For a long time past the application of engineering science to the implements of warfare has been greatly neglected, and until the commencement of the present war appeared to be exceedingly unpopular. We remem ber that, prior to the opening of the Exhibition, Mr. Cobden, supported by one or two members of the Commission, proposed and nearly carried a resolu tion for excluding all implements of war from that great national undertaking. Notwithstanding, how ever, the pacific ideas of th e comm i ss i oners, some implements of warfare were admitted to that great " Peace Congress," and one of the least noticed and most pretentious articles there shown was, perhaps, that model sent by a working man of an infernal machine which would discharge 1,000 bullets per minute. The progress of the present war, however, has shown how culpable was such an oversight, and with what serious results this neglect to apply the best principles of engi neering science to war has been attended. There is no use in concealing the fact that it is to the Russians we owe the knowledge that guns of a larger calibre than those in ordinary use in our army could be adapted for field purposes. At the Alma and at Inkerman our nine and 12-pounder guns were opposed by 32-pounders, and ae, present we have but a very small proportion of 32- pounders in our service. Steps are, however, being taken to increase in this respect the power of our artillery. In our naval armaments the same deficiency in the weight of metal does not exist, and a broadside from one of our largest ships would throw nearly two tons weight of shoe. The difference in this respect between the marine and field artillery is most surprising, and highly creditable to the naval authorities. It is little more than 20 years since General Paixhan's heavy guns were first introduced into the navy, and now many of our larger vessels are fitted with complete batteries of 68-pounders. For siege batteries, however, no corresponding increase of size has taken place till within a very recent period. The adop tion of Mr. Lancaster's guns was the first attempt made to introduce heavier metal into the land service, and, al though the result does not appear completely to satisfy the sanguine expectations conceived of them, there is no doubt that ultimately much greater power and precision will be att a i ne d i n siege batteries from their use than the Wo uphriascetern i ee tojustify u before sinexpecting Sebastopol t]p to . the present time It is curious that whi'e in the present day, our heavi esta guns are only rated GS pounders, from the very earliest rate o f the introdsuction of artillery, shot of a tmhythignrtehateetritae ofweight E was a o r d r di nt , i,r a i t ly t h e e m p c l a o p y t e u d r . e W •fe read Stir ling Castle, his guns projected stones of 300Ibs. weight. In the I.7th century a b which threw iron shot everiashs* gun was cast in India, gun, which still exists at Bofgejatioagtor, 1,6001 b. This monster place cast in comma 1-2)oace by the Emperor moration of the capture to the y e jl e a r cie this monster A country,lun-ge e rw. we I shallt woul d t h a row paper, in that in this gun, for Mr. Nasmyth promises to give us a wrou ght gun, or the " express iron gun which shall throw a ball of a ton weight some called by the army in four or five miles with unerring accuracy. Whi le we w m ai e the realisation of this sanguine hope, we must be content gains,"eei with hearesults shells the r e Lancaster pleasantly the Crimea, in consequence of the peculiar sound which it makes in passing through the a i r. The Lancaster gun was constructed for the purpose of carrying a heavy shell to the greatest possibl e di stance, the shell and with the greatest amount of p recision. In o rder to obtain this result, the form selected foret is simi lar to that of the regulation Minii musbullet, with the the exception that the body of the shell is slightly Bin k ellip tical, the major axis measuring in. and minor The increased range is obtained mainly by weight of metal which can be projected with same amount of resistance to the atmosphere as that *thhegreater only the presented by a spherical ball of much lees weight. The rifling of a gun-barrel, as most persons are aware, consists of circular grooves twining round the interior of the barrel, the object of which is to impart to the bullet a rotatory motion on its own axis, and thereby to insure accuracy of flight. A favourite form of rifle is that called th e two.groove rifle, a kind which was better fitted than any other to illustrate the principle by w hi c h rota tion is impa r t e d to the Lancaster shell. In this rifle, as its nam e implies, there are two grooves directly oppo site to each other. The co n i ca l b u ll e t s use d w i t h t h e two-groove rifle bave which fit into the groovesrr) o e t c h tng ribs o n e ith er s id e , e i bullet, having ing W t h o en fo t l h lo e w dig charge takes plac e , th e grooves in their half spiral, acquires the necessary rota tory motion. If lead shots were employed in great guns there is no doubt this mode of rifling would answer as te it :it S iii i 4 i, L 0 /4 1)1 0N . Al 014 ii A If lig V k N!,q (1„1 if tit i. 4.3 16146 well in them as it is found to do in small arms ; expe rience proves, however, that projections, on iron shot and shell, from the unyielding nature of the metal, are broken off in the discharge, or that the grooves in the gun are destroyed, in either of which cases the objet sought to bo attained is, of course, defeated. The Lan caster gun is an attempt to obviate these difficulties, by means which will be readily understood, if the principle of construction of the two-grooved rifle is kept in mind. Suppose the grooves in one of this kind of rifles to make a half turn iu the length of the barrel, it is easy to per ceive that if the edges of the grooves were removed, so as to render the interior of the barrel smooth, its form ' would be that of an ellipse, of which the minor axis, if perpendicular at the breach, would be horizontal at the muzzle, and vice versa. This is the principle upon which the Lancaster gun is constructed ; the bore is slightly elliptical, the difference between the major and minor axis being, as will be perceived from the dimensions of the shell, only iof an inch. A very little considera tion will show that when a Lancaster gun is discharged one of two results must be arrived at, either the shell must make a half turn during its passage to the muzzle of the gun, or, becoming fixed i❑ its passage, must burst the gun. The frequency of the latter contingency seems to point to its being a less safe gun than the old style of artillery, while the reported eccentricities of the shell would appear to indicate that the rotation imparted to it is not long retained. Probably an in creased familiarity with the requirements of this monster gun may enable our artillerymen to provide for its pe culiarities. We now come to the mode in which the shells are made. In the building already described there are A large number of furnaces, with nine steam hammers, varying in weight from one to three tons. There are also a number of lathes and other machines for impart ing motion, in which steam power to the extent of 100 horses is required. The first step in the process con sists in making a plate of iron of about two feet square and one inch in thickness red hot in a furnace ; while in this state it is conveyed to a machine which rolls it into the form of a cylinder, the edges lapping over, and 1 being securely wedded by the action of a steam ham mer. The cylinder is then again heated to redness, placed upon a mould of the required form, and put under a steam hammer, which, by repeated blows, closes up one end. In this state the incipient shell is conveyed to another set of hands, who, again heating it, subject it to the action of a machine, which, by enor mous pressure, gives to it something of its destined coni cal form. After again visiting the furnace the shell belornes the object of the delicate attention of a ma chine, among the most ingenious that has ever been constructed. In the centre of a circular iron stage is a small, well-like receptacle into which the shell is dropped. The men in attendance then cause a huge iron hand to descend upon the shell, the fingers of which, grasping the red hot mass, force it down to the bottom. Beneath the well are four other massive pieces of iron, which keep moving with a sort of tremulous mo tion, and act as the human hand in ultimately bringing the shell into its final form. They press it, coax it, and handle it in the most endearing manner, much in the same way as a baker would mould a loaf into shape. Having finally given the required form water is thrown into the well, and the shell withdrawn. In this state the front end of the shell has been brought to a sharp point ; in the next stage this point is cut off, and a gun metal " bush " is fitted into it for the Furpose of receiving the fuse. The shell is now heated for the last time, and submitted to the pressure of a pair of oval-shaped dies, which squeeze it into the elliptical form necessary to fit the bore of the gun. Each shell weighs, when charged with powder, about one hundred pounds, and their cost is stated to be from 50s. to 60a. each. When made by hand, they are said to have cost the enormous sum of 301. each. About two hundred shells per day is the average rate of working of the different machines. The boring of the guns is carried on in another part of the works. In consequence of the unequal cooling of so large a mass of metal, the bore of the gun is not formed by a core in the casting as might be imagined. If thus cast the interior would be porous and spongy; to obviate thi , , each gun is cast solid and bored out by machinery. —Obserar. TEE LAM DISTURBANCES IN HYDE PARK. INQUIRY INTO TIIE ALLEGED MISCONDUCT OF THE POLICE. The Commis 'Rimers took their seats on Saturday in the Court of Exchequer shortly after 11 o'clock. Mr. Joseph Albert Planchard, upholsterer, 41, Mc-AT ton-place, Pimlico, was in the Park from four to seven o'clock. He saw a man in a cab struck violently by a policeman with his truncheon. The man's hands ap peared to be tied together, and he held them up as if to ward off the blows. The conduct of Superintendent Hughes was like that of a maniac. In consequence of a policeman ill-using a boy a female remonstrated with him on his cruelty, when he replied, " What the b— h— business have you here?" As witness was about to take the policeman's number he was told by a man in the crowd to mind what he was about, because persons had been apprehended for doing it. He saw police sergeant 31 1) on a boy on the ground, who was bleed ing very much from the mouth. Witness could not say if the lad was a pickpocket. He thought he looked too respectable for that. Chief Commissioner Wortley—Pickpockets are very respectable in appearance, according to my experience. Witness could identify the sergeant. He saw police man 375 A strike a man, saying, "he would let day light into his b-- guts," and kicked him. He saw the same policeman using unnecessary violence to a. lad he had in custody. Mr. Z. Berry, engineer, Albion Works, Wilton-road, Pimlico, was in the Park in company with the last wit ness, and corroborated his evidence, adding that he saw the boy knocked down by the policeman. lie violently thrust the end of his truncheon against the lad's mouth, which pushed him down, and the policeman fell over him. The crowd cried " Shame," and the policeman ap peared to be thoroughly ashamed of his conduct. The conduct of the B division was exemplary. He saw a lady's bonnet, such as Punch describes as an " oyster shell," knocked off her head by a policeman's truncheon; and her hair streaming in the wind. The people be haved well. He saw five or six stones thrown at a cab conveying persons to the station-house. Mr. E. N. Ayrton, barrister, of Lincoln's-inn, gave evidence of the peaceable disposition of the people pre vious to the misconduct of the police. There was not one-tithe of the noise usual on a Lord Mayor's-day. He saw 387 A. strike several boys of twelve and fourteen years of age violently on the back with his truncheon as they were running away from the police. Cross-examined by Mr. Ellis—He would not say positively that 387 A struck the boys ; he struck at them ; had he struck them he should hays thought they would have fallen down. Mr. Thomas Coachman, landlord of the Windsor Castle, Pimlico, was in the Park from three to half-past four o'clock. Witness described the conduct of one of the mounted police, who, he believed, was Superintendent Hughes. He was a pale complexion man, riding a Ches nut or light bay horse. Chief Commissioner Wortley said he thought it might be taken as a fact it was Superintendent Hughes, and that he had supreme command on this day. Mr. Ellice said he was there, and had supreme com mand, but there was a discrepancy in the witness's de scription of the man. Chief Commissioner Wortley said that he thought it had been established that Superintendent Hughes bad the chief command on this day, and anything that was done wrong in that particular quarter be would have to answer for. If any specific charge was brought against the superintendent, it would be necessary to be particular in his identity. Witness stated that when he was more than 50 yards from the railing he saw the police make an attack on the people, beating them right and left. Two men were brutally struck by the police, and had their clothes torn off their backs. He detailed other cases of ill-usage on the part of the police generally. He saw Superintendent Hughes strike at the people with his whip. It caused great excitement, many observing he ought to be un horsed. The conduct of the police on this occasion was reprehensible. Their conduct generally was exemplary, and he had always rendered them assistance when they required it. He had no animosity against the police. He had been a licensed victualler for 27 years and never had a complaint made against him. He saw two fema'es en the ground in the park, but he could not say if they were knocked down by the police. Mr. John Blandford army case maker, 24, Tothill street, Westminster, was in the park from 4 till 6 o'clock. He was not in the habit of going there, but did so that afternoon from seeing the prohibitory notice of the police. He saw a superintendent on a "pale horse" make an attack on an old grey-headed aristocratical-looking gentleman. He saw 385 A strike a young man on the left arm, who was struck by two other policemen at the same time and felled to the ground. After this the ma❑ on the " pale horse" made his appearance, which was the signal for general hiss ing. Another charge was ordered by him, in which 385 A took a prominent part, the leading policeman of the body saving "he would have no more of it." 385 A lifted his truncheon to strike a stout boy—" a buffalo cut down"—(laughter)—but the boy threatening to knock him down, the policeman desisted. 385 A. caught a man by the collar, and as he held him struck him a violent blow on the lower part of the back. He joined with several in conversation 'on the Sunday Trading Bill. The meeting was anything but political. Mr. Geo. Kimpton, book-finisher, ll 3l, Wardounstreet, Soho, was in the Park from four o'clock till six o'clock. Thera was a little hissing as a carriage or horse passed by. He saw two horses rather startled by the noise, ai.d the police hi consequence rush on the people. He saw several ladies in broughams, who appeared to enjoy their ride. Mr. James Bawstead, commercial traveller, 36, Far ringdon-street, was in the park with his wife, from 4 to 5 o'clock, they were on their way to Brompton to see a friend. The people coming along in a body he took hold of the railing to protect himself and wife. The Inspector on the chesnut horse ordered the police to " take that fellow into custody with the light waistcoat and gloves," meaning witness. The polite seized him and dragged him over the railings. The hspector then came up when witness said " What a d— fool you must be to give me in charge, having done nothing." The superintendent told the men to take him away,aul charge him with resisting the police. He was dragged to Stanhope-gate, and not liking to be dragged through the streets by the police, a cab was procured, and he was taken to the station house. He was taken into cult , dy entirely by the order of Superintendent Hughes, wto was pale with rage, and acted like a madman. His wife was escorted by a stranger to Brompton, and she returned to the station house with a friend, to bail him, but orders, the police told her, had been given to bail no one. One of his employers offered to bail him on Monday morn ing, but he was refused. Witness was put into an underground cell, like a pig-stye, in which there were mor e persons than could sit down, It was intensely hot during the night, and had not a policeman kindly opened the door several times he thought they would have been suffocated. The policeman who attended to them was very civil, and they had anything they could pay far. The place reminded him of what he had read of the Black Hole at Calcutta. He was bailed on Mon day evening. Chief Commissioner Wortley asked who had the power of bailing ? Mr. Ellice said it was a di scre ti onary power un d er the i police act, n the person in command of the station, probably an inspector. Mr. Commissioner Armstrong—Then on this occa sion an y of these persons might have been bailed by the inspectai on duty ? Mr. Ellice said it appeared so, but he could not say. Witness said that he appeared at Nlarlborough-street on Tuesday, and was discharged, no charge being pre ferred against him. Chief Commissioner Wortley asked to be furnished with the Metropolitan Police Act, and the regulations with reference to bail. Mr. Ellice said he would endeavour to procure them. Mr. H. R. Markwick, 16 years of age, clerk to a solicitor, 65, Gray's-inn-lane, was in the park from 3 to 5 o'clock when he was taken into custody for hooting and waving his hand at a carriage with a livery servant that passed. The inspector said he charged him with shaking his band at a carriage. Chief Commissioner Wortley—What made you hoot ? Witness—l don't know ; others did it, and I did the same. Witness was taken to Vine-street, and placed in the cell with the previous witness. At 12 o'clock on Sunday night he was taken in a van to Marylebone lame, and put in a cell with 17 others. That cell was rather worse than the one at Vine-street. He felt faint during the night, and the police gave him water occa simally. Most of the prisoners were young men like himself. lie was one of the number brought up on Tuesday and discharged. The sergeant on duty refused on Monday afternoon to send for his bail, because Gray's ion-lane was too far off. A policeman told him from 2s. to Is. 6d. was charged for procuring bail, according to distance. Ey Mr. Commissioner Armstrong —He understood the poli c e were in the park to keep order, and prevent hoot ing and hissing. By Chief Commissioner Wortley —He went to the parli from curiosity, attracted by the police notice. Br Mr. Mitchell—Prisoners confined without money were not supplied with food gratuitously until after they bad )een in custody 48 hours. On a prisoner applying for i, a policeman replied, "You don't expect to get fat here, do you ?" (Laughter.) Faulconer, flour factor, 97, Lupus-street, Pim lico, was in the park from half-past two till six o'clock. He taw a person named Woodward with his eye cut oper. The police appeared b strike where they could do tie most injury. It struck him Superintendent Hugles' object was to excite the people. There was no bad iieling on the part of the people against the pollee ; and then the latter, in making a rush, missed their point and lot amongst the crowd, they withdrew to let them (piety and peaceably join their comrades. He saw no bits inviting the people to a "monster concert" or " °pin air fete" in Hyde-park. The people were con versng in groups on the conduct of Superintendent Hugees. B' Commissioner Henderson—When the police drove the leople from the rails they made no attempt to pre ventthem coming forward again. /Or. Richard Stiff, linendraper, 67 and 68, Old-street, St. ],uke's, was in Hyde-park from 3 to 6 o'clock. He was induced to go there from the bills issued by the police, to see what really was going on. A nunner of ladies and children were there, who betrayed no far. He saw several men struck by the police, and repectable youth taken into custody. He saw a po licenan strike a boy of 12 years of age across the legs as lie tut on the grass under the railing, and a second pass ing gd the same. The people cried " Shame. He also saw 6man, surrounded by a cumber of pollcenien, struck se'Tely on the legs, head, and thigh, and then m irchei oir ii custody. From the Park he went to Park-street, and the first thing that attracted his attention was a cry of " Run for your lives." He detailed the conduct of the police here in much the same terms as the other witnesses already examined ; be heard a cry in the park, "Now for Lord Robert Grosvenor's," and some of the people left by the marble arch. Mr. M. Stroud, hosier and glover, 99, Tottenham court-read, was in the park from three to five o'clock. He gave evidence as to the general misconduct of Super intendent Hughes and the police in charging the people. Henry Pickenpack, fitter and turner, 4, Philadelphia. terrace, Mount-gardens, Westminster•road, working at Messrs. Maudsley's, a native of Schleswig Holstein. He was in the park about three-quarters of an hour, and from thence went to Park -street. He was there attacked by at least half-a-dozen policemen as he was quietly walking down the street making the best of his way home. He was struck on the head, neck, arms, and back. His head was cut open and his clothes covered with blood, and he was afterwards taken by a policeman to St. George's Hospital. He left at least half a pint of blood on the road in Park-street. The policeman who took him to the hospital said it was " unfair to maul a man about in such a manner who was doing nothing, but when they received orders they were bound to obey them." Witness lost his hat. He was unable to work for a day and a half from the injuries he received. Mr. John Pyemont, 33, Kensington-park Gardens, a member of the Stock Exchange, was in the park at four o'clock with his children. He walked by the Serpentine, and whilst standing with his children, who were under 10 years of age, by the railings, be saw a body of police men go over the railings on the opposite side of the drive, and strike indiscriminately amongst men, women, and children. The police rushed at the people from different directions, so that they knew not which way to go. He saw a man taken into custody solely for smiling. He saw one or two policemen's hats knocked off, evidently for the purpose of annoyance, but not ac companied with violence. William Reynolds, waiter, 54, Park•street, Grosvenor. square, was apprehended in the Park without cause by 403 A. Four policemen had him across the rail ings, and he was struck twice. 403 A. re quested the men not to strike him. He had his clothes and shirt torn. He was taken to Vine-street in a cab. On the way witness held up his handkerchief to attract the notice of a friend, when 403 A knocked him back in the cab. The witness's description of the cell, and the proceedings at Vine street station and Marlborough-street was similar to that already given. At the Vine-street station the po lice charged 3d. for a id. cup of coffee. (Laughter.) The court was densely crowded during the day, a number of respectably-dressed females being present. The Court adjourned till this morning at eleven o'clock. ASSIZE INTELLIGENCE. OXFORD CIRCUIT.—CROWN COURT. STAFFORD, JULY 21. (Before Mr. Justice Erle.) RAILWAY ROBBERIES. Wm. Crutchley, aged 40, breaksman ; Joseph Miles, 22, stoker ; and John Craddock, 42, baker, were in dicted for stealing, on the 12th of April last, a quantity of tobacco, the property of John Robinson M'Clean, the lessee of the South Staffordshire Railway Company. Mr. Huddleston and Mr. Robert Kettle conducted the prosecution ; Mr. Scotland defended Crutchley and Miles ; and Mr. Motteram defended Craddock. It appeared that, on the 10th of April last, Messrs. Wood and Son, of Leeds, consigned a cask of tobacco to Mr. Elkington, a grocer at Lichfield. On the 12th it arrived safely at Burton•on•Trent, and was there placed on a truck, No. 861, of the South Staffordshire Railway, to be conveyed the remainder of the jour ney, but was not seen afterwards. After the loss was discovered, and inquiries made, Pratt, the guard of the train which included the truck No. 861, was taken into custody, and he make a confession which led to the present indictment. Pratt was now examined as a witness, and stated that he, Crutchley, and Miles, together with a man named Anderson (not in cus tody), agreed to steal the tobacco, and arranged with Craddock, who kept a baker's shop and public-house at Walsall, for its subsequent disposal. On the night of the 12th they proceeded to Lichfield, received the truck, and subsequently removed the tobacco into sacks, which they took with them, knocked the cask to pieces, and burnt the staves in the furnace of an engine. The sacks of tobacco were then brought to a lonely spot on the railway between Lichfield and Walsall, adjoining Cannock-chase, and buried in the ground. On the fol lowing day it was removed by Craddock in a spring-cart. On the following Monday Pratt and Crutchley went to Craddock's house, and Craddock told them he bad made 161. of the tobacco, and they received 12/. from him, he retaining 4/. as his share. The removal of the tobacco by Craddock from the place where it bad been buried was established by the evidence of several witnesses, and he was convicted, but there being no sufficient corrobo ration of Pratt with respect to the other two prisoners, they were acquitted. There were several other similar charges against the same and other prisoners in the employment of the South Staffordshire Railway Company, to which some pleaded guilty, and against others no evidence was of fered in consequence of the result of the first case. Craddock, against whom a previous conviction was proved, was sentenced to 14 years' transportation. NORFOLK CIRCUIT. CAMBRIDGE, JULY 21. WELLS V. KELSON. Mr. O'Malley and Mr. Naylor appeared for the plain. tiff ; Mr. Keane was counsel for the defendant. This was an action by a tradesman at Cambridge, to recover from the 4lfendant, now an officer in the 46th Regiment, butt eellerly an undergraduate of Caius Col lege, the sum of 61. 7's. on the following account : " Oct. 22. A gold breast-pin £o 14 6 A hunting whip Nov. 1. A gold breast-pin 1 10 0 A gold-ring Engraving crest £6 7 0" The defendant pleaded infancy, to which the plaintiff re plied, denying the infancy, and alleging that the articles sold were necessaries. The real question in contest was whether the articles were necessaries or not. The evidence fcr the plaintiff showed that he keeps a shop in Cambridge, and sells to the young men of the univer sity watches, jewellery, cigars, and pictures. The de fendant was introduced as a customer to the plaintiff by an undergraduate of the name of Harvey, and the plain tiff sold the goods on credit to the defendant, without inquiring as to defendant's means or prospects, either of the tutor of Caius or any one else. Such a thing as in quiring of a tutor was never done. The defendant used to hunt. He wore a scarf, and the pins were for attach ing the scarf. He associated with other young gent:e men, and such things were worn by the undergraduates. As soon as the defendant was appointed to his regiment the plaintiff directed his attorney to make an application to the Horse Guards to induce the authorities there to compel payment of this claim, and that direction was obeyed. On the other hand, it appeared that the de fendant, who is now on his way to Sebastopol, is the only son of a clergyman in Sussex, who sent him to Cambridge two years ago, when he was just 13 ; fitted him out with everything that was necessary, in cluding the very plate the father had himself used when at college ; undertook to pay all the bills sent in to and by his tutor, and to give him, besides, 201. a term for travelling expenses and pocket-money. The income of the father was made up of about 2601. from church pre ferment and about 1401. from a small landed estate. At the end of two terms the defendant had incurred debts exceeding the amount of one year's income of his father, and the latter removed him from Cambridge. The health of the defendant did not require that he should hunt or take horse exercise. He had no high family connection ; and his father not only did not authorise him to assume the position of a young man of fortune and high rank, but, on the contrary, sent him to read. Under these circumstances, the defendant having nothing but his pay, and seei ng that the claim, though in itself small, was one of many, amounting in the whole to 5001., the father, who was substantially the defendant, resisted the action. Mr. Baron Parke told the jury that it lay on the plain tiff to satisfy the jury that the articles for which he claimed to be paid were necessary to the real estate, de gree, and condition in life of the defendant, and not merely to that which he had assumed in the university. The law held that infants were incapable of contracting debts except for necessaries. The defendant was clearly entitled to be protected from any contract not for neces saries within the meaning of the law. He (the learned judge) and the jury, according to the obligation of their respective oaths, were bound to administer the law ; and it appeared to him that when the parents of young men like the defendant eame forward to sustain such a defence as the present under circumstances like the present, not only ought they not to be condemned, but they deserved the thanks of society. Now the law was that mere luxuries never could be deemed necessary for any infant cf any rank. With regard to things ornamental there was this distinction ; things of mere ornament could not be necessaries, but ornamental things might be deemed necessary if the individual would lose caste by not having them. That being so, and this being the case of the son of a clergyman with an income of 4001. per annum, he was not quite certain that be ought not at once to take the matter into his own hands and direct them that all these goods were luxurieQ, or things of mere ornament. At all events the hunting whip and ring were ; and so was the engraved crest, for the mere use of which an annual tax of 245. would have to be paid. The breast pins ho would leave to their consideration with the remark, that if they found one to be necessary they could hardly find two, at an interval of ten days, to be necessary, and that as to one even, they must, before finding it to be necessary, find that the scarf itself was a necessary, and also that this defendant would lose caste unless he fastened his scarf with a gold pin. The father, however, had given the son every thing which he thought his son required ; and it occur red to him (the learned judge) that an undergraduate of Caius, sent thither to read, by a father who was a country clergyman with an income not exceeding 4001. a year, would be in no danger of losing ca ste if he fastened his scarf with a common pin instead of one made of gold, and costing either 14s. 6d. or 11. 10s. The question which they had to answer was, whether any, and if any which, of these articles were " neces• caries " within that meaning of the term which he had explained to them. The Jury deliberated some minutes, and then expressed a wish to retire. Mr. Baron Parke—What can 'here be toretire about? There is nothing to consider if you attend to the law as I have laid it down, and the obligation of your oaths. The Jury again consulted, and finally retired, remain. Captain Tindal, many years manager 'af the Birming ham Branch of the Bank of En,lan • , appointed manager of the branch which the same bank is about to open at the west-end of the metropolis. [AnyEarismaNr.]—Among the numerous extraordinary cures without medicine effected by Du 13 irry's delicious Health -Restoring Revalenta Arabica Food, 1 ho following is not the least remarkable :—Maastricht, Hollai id, 7th August, 1854.—My daughter Virginic had long becll consumptive, with diarrhoea and night sweats, and was in July last reduced to such a state of prostration and exhaustion, that our medi cal men agreed there was no hops of recovery' .left, and that she could net survive many days. Upon the, recommenda tion of a friend, we tried Du Barry's Reva' tents Arabica, which, to the astonishment of all, classed an immediate change for the better in the symptoms. Afte r the first few meals she felt less miserable, and in six day s the diarrhma and night sweats had left her. She gained str ength gradu ally, and in tw o mon th s time was perfectly wet I. This excel lent remedy deserves to be more generally- known, and I consider I am only discharging a -most sacred duty in recommending it to all sufferers.- --S. ZEGUERS. In canisters, 11b. 2s. 9d.; 21b, 4s. 6d.; 51b. 1 1 e. ; 121 b. The 121 b., c arr i age free, on receipt of Post-office , . order. Barry Du Barry & Co., 77, Regent-street, London ; also at 182, Piccadilly; 60, Gracechurch-street ; 330, and 451, Strand; 4, Cheapside ; 60 and 68, Cornhill ; 49, Bisho pEgate-street; 55 , Charing-cross; 54, Upper Baker-street ; 63 and 150, Oxford -street ; 89, High-street, Camden-toN sn ; 18, Pall mall; 7, ; 132, New Bond-strf : et ; 24, Mot• comb-street ; 13, King William-street, City ; ; 30, Conduit street; 21, Coekspur-street; 95, Farringdon-st reet ; 67, St. Paul's Churchyard ; 6, Edward-street, Pvrtnau 'num. THE WEATHER AND THE CROPS. The beartiful weather during the last fortnight has enabled the growers of hay to secure it in excellent con dition, which will more than compensate for the light ness of the crop complained of in many places. We scarcely remember a more favourable prospect than the present season. Corn of all kinds looks remarkably well. We are pleased to say that no complaint has yet been heard of the potato disease, which has for many years partially, if not totally, destroyed the chief support of the poor, and greatly increased privation among them.— Poole and South- Western Herald. HARTL!NG.—The growing showers of the past week are benefiting the oats and grass ; but the wheat, where heavy, is much fallen. Fine weather will now be ac ceptable for making the hay, considerable quantities of which are cut in this neighbourhood. HORSH,IIII.—The wheat in this neighbourhood has been looking remarkably well, and has promised, as far as appearances go, a good crop ; but, during the last eight or ten days, the heavy showers of rain which have occasionally fallen have laid a great portiln of it flat ou the ground, and, it is feared, will materially damage it. PETWORTH.—The heavy rain of Wednesday, the 11th instant, and that which fell during a thunderstorm on Saturday morning, has knocked the corn down very much, so much in some places that we fear a good deal will not rise again.-- _Brighton Gazette. The genial and plentiful rain of Wednesday last came , most opportunely f or th e crops o f spring corn, which I had begun t o su ff er f rom it s a b sence, and amost secures a second crop of grass in many of the meadows where hay was short. Some forward pieces of wheat have, however, been much laid by the wind, especially in ex posed situations ; but the soil being previously dry, they will have every chance speedily to recover ; and the fill ing of the year, as well as the ripening of the grain generally, will be expedited by the seasonable supply, provided fine weather continues. —Kentish Observer. The weather this week has been very unsettled. On Saturday morning there was a very h eav y th un d erstorm, and we have had a good deal of rain, which, though beneficial for turnips and reddish, and even for the grain crops, has retarded the hay harvest Just when mowing had become general. The corn crops, especially barley, are laid in a good many places, but there is as yet no great damage done in this respect. The weather during the next few weeks, however, will be watched with much anxiety, as everything now depends upon it. With regard to the probable yield of grain at the ap proaching harvest few of our farmers are sanguine of its at all exceeding an average quantity. We have seen a good deal of wheat in this district, and are bound to say our own observation confirms this conviction to a consi derable extent. It would certainly be premature to pro nounce on the probable quantity of the growing wheat, or even on the probable weight as compared with the bulk. All that can be said with certainty is that there is not the quantity of stuff on the ground there was last year. Our best crops are on the limestone, and some of these are remarkably fine, The red poppy or canker was never known to be so prevalent among the wheat on the light lands as it is this year. Concerning barley we con tinue to receive the most favourable reports. We have every reason to hope it will turn out the hest crop pro bably ever gathered in this neighbourhood. Peas, of which the early sorts are very plentiful, are only defi cient in straw. Beans also are short in the stem, but well corned. The deficiency of grass this year increases the importance of the turnip crop, inasmuch as, with a good store of that esculent for winter food, the scarcity of grass will hardly be felt by farmers or by the con sumers of meat. The young turnip plant has been taken by the fly in seine situations, and the land has had to he re-sown, but generally speaking it is now looking very healthy and promising, having been greatly im proved by the recent showers of rain.—Doncaster Chronicle. COTGRAVE.—Mowing has commenced in this district. The crops are very light. The haystacks were very small last-year, and the winter was a very serious one for cowkeepers ; but the next winter's prospects are dark indeed. The corn crops look most luxuriant, although the late heavy rains have laid the barley in some places. The harvest must of necessity be very backward. Some very heavy thunder-storms passed over this district on Saturday morning last. The thunder commenced to roll about half-past three o'clock, and continued more or less till nine ; sometimes overhead, and sometimes at a distance. The rain fell in torreets.—Nottingham Journal. Another week has passed of most auspicious weather for the country. A not over-bright sun, great heat, and occasional showers, has rendered it all that could have been desired for filling the ear and bringing up the lee way of what, in this quarter, now cannot be a late sea son. The appearance of the crops all around is magnifi• cent, and promises great abundance. In some parts of Perthshire there has been a scarcity of rain, and in con sequence the grain appears to be short and light ; but in Ayrshire, Stirlingshire, and Dumbartonshire, the yield wiil be considerably above an average. In Dumfries. shire, the weather, which had been fine for three weeks, broke on Sunday, and very heavy showers continued up till Monday, which, of course, hasi nterfered with hay making. We have heard as yet few complaints regarding the potatoe.—Glasgow Constitutional. ABERFELDY.—We had a terrific thunderstorm, accom panied by vivid flashes of lightning, which lasted nearly three hours, on the afternoon of Friday, the 13th. The rain fell in buckets-full, and ever since has continued to fall, but more genially. The farmers are rejoiced at the rain, and all nature wears another aspect under its in fluence, and crops of all kinds seem quite refreshed. A most abundant harvest is anticipated. The only draw back will be the first crop of hay, which is uncommonly light. There is abundance of fruit of every description. —Perthshire Courier. EMBARKATION OF TROOPS.—The screw steam trans port City of Aberdeen embarked, on Saturday afternoon, a number of the 2d Dragoon Guards, at Liverpool, for service in the Crimea. The steamer had also on board a number of men and officers for the Turkish Contingent. She was expected to Bail the same evening for the seat of war.D [ADVERTISEMENT.]—RoIIoway's Pills for the cure of Asthma are unprecedented.—Extract of a letter from Mr. Wild, of Hyde, Cheshire, dated August 5, 1854 T o Professor Holloway.--Sir, Mrs. Newton, residing i n Hanover-street, in this town, was afflicted with asthma many years, a difficulty of breathing, and a vio lent cough, causing acute pains in her aide, more parti cularly so when she took cold ; she tried many remedies, and consulted different result. advised without l o takeobtaining your any favourable few tshheemshe was is considerably new better, perfectly cured." Sold by all medicine vendors, and at Professor Holloway's Establishments, 244, Strand, London, and persevering w w e it e h ks pills, and by y nd per ve a rig 80, Maiden-lane, New York. ing in deliberation long after the court bad adjourned. Ultimately they returned a verdict fur the plaintiff for the amount of both pins, 2/. 4s 6d. CROWN COURT.. (Before Mr. Baron Alderson.) William Crow, aged 18, and Ihobicts . Hortock, aged 13, were indicted for having wilfully and maliciously cast stones at a train on the Newmarket Railway, with intent to endanger the lives of the passengers. Mr. Metcalf prosecuted ; Mr. Naylor defended the prisoners. The facts were that the defendants and some other lads and boys were playing at " cat " on a bridge over the line just as a train was approaching at the rate of 18 miles an hour to pass under it. The elder cried out, "Here comes the train ; I'll throw a stone at it," then took up a stone and threw it at the train, but missed it. The younger prisoner took up another stone, placed it on the parapet of the bridge, and as the train was emerg ing from beneath the arch pushed it over. The stone fell on to the lead of the guard and struck him a smart blow. For the defence it was contended that the evi dence showed very silly and thoughtless conduct, but not an intent to endanger the lives of the passengers. Mr. Baron Alderson told the jury that the prisoners were responsible for the natural consequences of the act they had committed. Whether it was the stone or the train that was proceeding at the rate of 18 miles an hour was perfectly immaterial, if one of them was, ; because, in either case, the contact of the train with the stone was likely to endanger life. The defendants might not have intended to endanger the lives of the passengers ;. but they could no more be heard to say so than could a man who should put a redhot-poker into a barrel of gunpowder round which a number of individuals :night be collected. The jury returned a verdict of guilty. The learned Judge said that the offence committed was one so serious that the legislature bad invested the judges with power to punish it by transportation for life, and it ought to be known that such a power existed. In this instance he should sentence the young prisoner to be imprisoned till the rising of the court, and then to be handed over to his father, who had undertaken to give him a sound whipping. The elder prisoner was beyond the reach of such parental discipline, and, moreover, bad actually thrown the stone. The sentence on him, therefore, would be that he be imprisoned and kept t• hard labour for six weeks. NORTHERN CIRCUIT. YORK, JULY 21. (Before Mr. Baron Platt and a special jury.) THE ACCIDENT AT THE LEEDS RAILWAY STATION DAMAGES, 4,5001.-HALL T. GREAT NORTHERN RAIL- WAY COMPANY, The plaintiff is the Recorder of Doncaster, and he brought the action to recover compensation in damages for very serious injuries which he sustained while riding as a passenger in one of the defendants' trains. Mr. Knowles, Q.C., Mr. Serjeant Wilkins, and Mr. H. Hill, Q.C., appeared for the plaintiff; and Mr. Wat son, Q,C., Mr. Hardy, and Mr. West, for the defendant. The trial commenced yesterday (Friday) morning, and occupied until this afternoon. It appeared that on the evening of the 3d of last Jan. the plaintiff was proceeding from Leeds to Doncaster for the purpose of presiding as Recorder at the sessions of the latter borough. He bad taken his seat in a first class compartment of a composite carriage, his clerk, with four or five other passengers, being in the adjoining second-class compartment. The train (the engine being in the rear) was propelled out of the central station, as it was alleged, at an unusually quick speed ; it had not pro ceeded more than 300 yards or so when the break van, which was at the head of the train, the plaintiff's car riage being next, left the rails at some points, and struck a waggon. In consequence of the great strain upon the coupling, caused by the engine at the rear continuing to force on the train, the chain broke. The carriages then went on, and shortly went off the metals and crossed the line, and the carriage in which the plaintiff was, being then the first one in advance, broke down a wall, and for a time was suspended over the viaduct. The coupling which held it to the other portion of the train left on the line at last gave way, and the carriage dropped some 27 feet. In falling, however, the carriage in some way turned over, and the end compartment, which was not occupied, came in contact with a waggon, which broke the fall, and so prevented a serious sacrifice of life, which would otherwise have taken place. As it was, however, the carriage was much shattered, and it was with some diffi culty that the plaintiff could be extricated. He was found to be most shockingly hurt. His head and face were much cut and bruised, the right thigh was fractured, as also the left leg and both his right and left arms. His clothing had to be literally cut off him, and his sufferings were most severe. Ho lay on his bed for eight weeks, without scarcely being able to move, and he was unable to leave his room for some weeks afterwards. The cost of his medi cal attendance amounted to between 4001. and 5001. In addition to being Recorder of Doncaster, it was stated he had had considerable practice on the Northern Circuit, and that he sustained serious loss in not being able to pursue his profession and by his businesss going into other hands. It was admitted that self acting forcing points (where the train had gone on) required the constant attend ance of a person to watch them, and that it was negli 7 gence on the part of the company in not having them SQ cared for. The pleintiff having been examined, and other evidence adduced as to the unsafe character of the points. Mr. Knowles addressed the jury for the defendants, and contended the points were not of a dangerous cha racter, but otherwise that the company had been guilty of no negligence, and that it could be shown that the points were in a • safe and proper working condition ; that the company had exercised all the care they could, and, however much they might regret the shocking ac cident which had befallen the plaintiff, still the defend. ants were not to be held liable if they had not contri buted to it by any neglect on their part. Mr. Seymour Clarke, the general manager of the Great Northern Railway Company, Mr. Fowler, and other parties were examined as to the character of the points, and stated that there was no danger in leaving the points unattended. It was a constant thing to back trains out. The jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff. Damages —4,5001. RAILWAY TRAFFIC RETURNS. TRAFFIC RETURNS FOR THE PAST WEEK. Receipts. NAME OF RAILWAY. BRITISH. Aberdeen ••••• • • • • • ••• • • • • •• •• Belfast and Ballymena • • ............ Belfast and County Down• • • • • •• Birkenhead, Lancashire, and Cheshire Bolton, Blackburn, and West York .• Bristol and Exeter • • .... • • ..• • • • • • •• Chester and Holyhead.•• .. • • •• •• •• Cork, Blackrock, and. Passage ...... Cork and Bandon .. • ............... Dublin and Belfast Junction Dublin and Drogheda•. •• •• •.• •• •• .. Dublin and Kingstown ••••• • • • • • •• Dundee and Arbroath .......... Dundee, Perth, and Aberdeen Junction Dundalk and Enniskillen East Anglian.... •••.•• • • • • ........ East Lanca5hire.................... Eastern Counties and Norfolk Eastern Union .... ...... .. 3 Edinburgh and Glasgow Edinburgh, Perth, and Dundee.•.•.. Exeter and Credlton.... ~ ,• .. • . •... Furness Railway .............. Glasgow, and South-Western • • Great Northern and E. Groat Southern and Western (Ireland) Great Western Irish South Eastern Lancaster and Carlisle.-- .. Lancashire and Yorkshire........ Leeds Northern .................... Liverpool, Crosby, and Southport.... London and North Western .•• • . •• London and Blackwall— •• • •... •• .. London, Brighton, and South Coast.. London and South We5tern......... Londonderry and Enniskillen • • Manchester, Buxton, and Matlock, &c. Manchester, Shefffeld,and Lincolnshire Manchester and South Junction...... Maryport and Carlisle • • •• • • Midland .................... Midland Great Western (Irish) •• • • Monklands .......... Newcastle and Carlisle.. North British • . •• •• •• •• • • • • North Staffordshire •• •• ••.• • • North-Western ..... • Scottish Central .••• • • • .. . Scottish Midland •• • • •• • •• • • • Shrewsbury and Birmingham Shrewsbury and Chester • • • • • • .• Shropshire Union .. • • • • South Devon.. •• • ...... Routh Eastern.. .................. South Wales • • • • South York., Doncaster, and Goolo Taff Vale ................ Waterford and Limerick • • ........ •• West Cornwall ••• • • • •• • • •••• • • • Whitchaven Junction . • • - • • • • • • • • • • • York and Newcastle, and Berwick & rnt and North Midland & Leeds.. FOREIGN. Dutch Rhenish • • • • • • •• .• • • • • •• •• Lyons and Mediterranean •• • • • • .. Montereau and Troyes •• .. Namur and Liege .. • • .. • • Northern of France • • •• • • •..... ,„ Orleans and Central* .. Paris and Lyons .....• •• Paris and Rouen. •• _• • • • • •• • • • • •• Paris and Strasburgh • • • Rouen and Havre •• Western of France ...... • 1854. 1855. Miles opened, 1855. Cii!UNTItY VAIigETS 42---- -- „ / 0 -- HADDINGTON CORN MARICET-- 0 ' 0° . B ARLNY 1 ol d 0 .lIE A T or First . B2s .0d 3 9 s 6d od 3 84 1)1 91 Second 793 13(1 1 3Ss 4d 1 3 " 11$j Third 6Bs Od 1 343 6d 315 0: Total quantity of wheat iu market, (1114 l' 153 4r 9., " f f barley It 179 qty'' 10 " f f eats f ‘ f 2 8 g ri.' " f f beans "+ n .s.TIS. 9 AVERAIES PER TIIIPIE/AL Q.--, A 4 1 Wheat, 3/. 19 3 3-12ths i Barley, ••• 11 ' ".- 0 (I. Oats, ... 11. 18 4 3-12 tbs 1 Beaus, ..... 21. 9 nt. 31A-EIC--ET—ltlll VII 1 9 Qrs. Best. c urr e v DALKEITI GRAIN 289 Wheat . .86a Od. 00 (41 ..... ...... •• 8 ~, ~, ,0 430 Oats 3ss 4kl ....... 00s uu, s , '" 1 178 Barley 4os 6d.....•.••.. 00s tia m '" ...... ' 46 Peas & beam 50s Od ...... . O s u " ........ ---- ABERDEEN—JuLY 20. vi, Potato oats 003 Od to 28s Oil labs pa Common oats 27s Od to 27s 6(1 Bere 31s Od to 320 Oa 1531bs Barley 31s Od to 33s Od J o Wheat, red (siring)66s Od to 683 Od 6211) 1 . og y, Flour ~ white.......74s Od to 76s Od) r boll. Oatmeal 20s Al to 21s Od Pe 55s Od to 56 s Oa Per Al SO RETAIL PRICES. Ow. to Flour oosod to 3s Od Barley flour , . ol u Oatmeal,l4lb 2s Od to 2s id dust, •••• ,lr :.' Per 1b..........0 Bereweal .. .... 1$ 7d to is 8d Peasemeal 2s 7d to 2s 8d Side, ... ~...; .... .... 4-11. 10af...9d. I 2-Ib. loif.l tft is. Cheese% per imperial stone, 3s 6 j PROVISION MARIEET• Og PI Mutton, per 1b....... 6 61 too 9d d d Beef, per lb 'r AP Veal, per lb Gd to 9d I Ilens, P P ei 2 0 v- 0 1 1 Pork, per lb ..5d to 6d I Chickens,do. Is 04 0 Salmon, per lb ......0s to Os I Ducks, °° 1:011 1(P . 3 ,0 1 Grouse, per brace.....Os to Os Ducklingb, A i s iv Tallow, p stone, 4s9d to 5s Od Turkeys,,ens PA Potatoes, pr peck, 10d to 12d Geese ! °°',..'0,. 1 0 Eggs,Butte r w f h o o r le e s a a p le or p ta r tz p(perredseonzetncu.re..) Per..."..„." I Butter, 21b. : 05atiti SEA BORNE MAILS• 0.00 / (N signifies that the malls are sent front th e j by thn night—and Mby the morning—"" atc : i IVO rt ' UV' <erP °°l Llfe r e )l spel South j i Dop er " 'Day when made uP COUNTRIES. in General Yost- Mice, London.* Every Friday • • • • •• •• •• • • 00000000 •• Goe Do Pl ' In ve:;;;10' .. 1 pa th op ticA sou th „„..A IDo u f„. or p,,,ta so pole -ago v v tot r Sou th° ,JO geotb rovet s 'otto s o uth ~, ;poles 400 0 e irig , 501 0°1 72"..0, 1 ! rou th: 0 ;;,„, isuatb poill';;10,10 6ou tt ' 00 . 11'19°' Mey er goire t ;ol , " li/ 1 00 sou tb stop to y soatl o i I Do P ,Ipol. ho pt; r o • r;, l , pov er ;;;;`!ij sou th or - 7 Flontlia pal souw— suotbo America(byßrityack)l4 Americ.p.(t;y United Sts. packet) America (by U. States packet) Australia (via South ampton) Ditto (via Marseilles) . Ditto (via Cape of Cios Hope) • • •• •• • • •• • •NI ......... Africa (West Coast)..N 13cl of the month• 9, 24, & 30 of m, Alexandria__ „m 4th 8; 20th of mon. Bahamas of the month Belgium .. N Daily .. .. ••• • • • Brazil ..............M 9th of the month .• Buenos Ayres ........M 9th of the month .., I Cape of Good Hope• ..N Cape of Good Hope ..N Cape de Verde ......N 9th of tb3 month Ceylon (see India) _ Ceylon ... I Channel Isles ..NlSion.,Wed.,/ada• m 12d gc 17th of month China .... Constantinople ,14,13,18,23,&28 ofm Constantinople ;4th Sr. 20th of mon., Cont. of Europe M & NiTwice daily •• • • Egypt (see India) France .. &_R Twice daily.... • • Gibraltar .. 4,7, 17,20, 27 of in• Greece (see India) Greytown 2nd Pc 17th of mon., Hamburgh ..........N Tuesday & Friday' Havannah of the month' Holland .. • • • •1 Honduras India (viaSonthampt.)3l 4th & 20th of mon•I India (via Marseilles) M ,9t.h& 25th of month' lonian 13:25 (see Inclia)l7, 17, & 27 of moo Ireland . . ..M & NiTwice daily .. •• • • Lisbon. ..... 9, 17 & 27 of m• Madeira „Mj9th of the month . . • Madeira 23d of month ••••1 Malta (see India) Malta ..............N 8,18, &28 of mon• I Mauritius (see India) Mauritius 14th of the month Mexico •.•• •• •• •• •.1.1 1 2nd of the Naples ........N,sthlsth2sthofmon• New Granada ......M,2d & 17th of month. New Zea1and.......... private ship •• Papal States ........N sthlsth2sthoftilon. Peninsula ..........Mj7thl7th27thonnon. Peru .• 31 1 2 d & 27th of mon• Port Natal.... ...... N By private ship..• Sicily •• •• •••• • • •• ..N sthiSth2sthotmon. Tuscany Nl5 thlsth2s thofmon. Venezuela M 2d & 17th of month Van Diemen's Lan d (sec Australia) •• •• • • .• .• West Indies .... ....At 2d & 17th o month When any of these di spatched on the followli Routhampton), and the receding day. "O F fall of a Sunay, t on q t r) , dar. with the excepti :alts. both of which Wlll DO SHARE OAR ti t 21. LITERPOO-u, T wo rlj STOCK EXCHAN@E.—The tone of „f 1 1 exceedingly depressed to-day, and pric, B l,, - stocks are considerably 'lower. Caa e , - -VerV Lancashire, 191. b. 3d.—Lancashireen,u ; ; o rpop —Lancaster and Preston, 361 3 7 i'A — So d k ' and Southport, 144 6s. 3d.—London s ll— gird, 984 87i B—Ditto, 4 shares C, d. I C '; 6r, —South Eastern, 14—Sheffield, 6 1 .,1 3 .;" —Grand Trunk of Canada, d. 5 1 1- 1) """ bentures, 96. MANCHESTER, July b oill o je eo; STOCK EXCHANGE.—There W 3.13 and prices were easier. East Lancas hire , 1;0;A 31 Lancashire and Yorkshire, 8/i --- , L ?I, Western, 984 25--Mid. South Eastern and Dover, 18i. .1? BIRMINGHAM, Jur— beer' STOOK EXCHANGE.—The market b,,0nc100,,,,e) dull, and pric es a b ou t stationary3 o l; Westerns, 98i 99—The Eighths, North Stuffords, 51 dis.—South Staffordo, 0 11 ) . e LEEDS, JULY' 21. fe d j STOCK EXCHANGE.—The business ' 05 01' 0 9 4 r 2 M4l_la c n r d y , st 7s Palace Prof., i L ee ds Stock, 5 ar s o o i r o i yenro Thirsk Fifths, 6 pe r cen t 2s. 6d. --Crib 17s. V. 51 0 ' [ADVERTISEM - RNT.] THE WAR IN T. : $' PATENT RECONNOITRING GLASSES.— MeSSliicek.io; mons, opticians, 39, Albemarle-street, 007 opposite the York Hotel. By 11 , e . r „,01 1 / Letters Patent for valuable and extraorul'oreh in the most powerful and brilliant TeleScvollAq course, Opera, sad Perspective Glasses, t ° , i pp„ r $ l9 of objects viewed through them—of gre 3 :o o To army, navy, and ethers. These telescolo;;itla "0; 1 / 1 ordinary powers that some 3i inches' 0 0 : piece, will show distinctly Jupiter's te , ""V*4 and the double s tars ; with the sa• ui- ocl seen a person's countenance three wiles ;re lijO r lif i and an object from 16 to 20 miles. vi,00,4 sizes, with increasing powers accordingi/O'vet y4' ing from 4 to 6 in zE es enable us to c1 i6 48 - above, and the Georgian, with his 6 satew: e itr .m , f Exhibition, 1851.--:Valuable, powerful waistcoat-pocket glass,the size ° A; 0.1 0 '4,6 1 1r . ‘ a person can be seen end known 1 miles " t " " 9 0, 1 4 . : every purpose on tl Le race-course, and 3 e a 6t ) 4 ' country scenery, and ships are clearly sfligifig,'ooo9 They are invaluable, for shooting, a decr' s , 1 " te c 'iji ,h 11. sportsmen, gentlemen, gamekeepers, 0 1 . y, race-course, camp, power. s a t n ru d et p e e d rsP S ective gi'"Thjses est transparent poi ver. Tho Pe v eta alu el a e b ln :; l; ?l/ 411 from this invention is, that vision b, ee 0,61 0 preserved and str, :ngthened, and ve r y 00 9 , yo b t enabled to employ th e i r s i g ht at th e isec°oo,,' pation—can see wi th these lenses of t; in g power—and th :y do not require t7..,"iprot/jr to the dangerous effects of further polf,! r f: s tor , t*i ness—New Discovery.—The Organic i ,`",, i oe ° i; nary powerful, small, newly-invented ins's.s / s , entirely different from all others, to ag r r e ae kind that has been, or probably WI. o ot Yjor: i or: ' Being of the same colour as the skin .t enables deaf persons to hear distinctl9,oi, of r public assemblies ; the unpleasant 5en?„91 . 04 4 ,, in the ears is entire ly removed; and i b , - 9 auce that possibly .;ould be desired. 'VW ,' Piccadilly. Observe—opposite the Yer- ~, , , tr BIRTI I S. ' or A sox. .„ 0 -Icr ° c f 0 , On the 20th inst.., at 28,Westbonrna'r vAO A : of Mr. Sidney Smith, jun., solicitor. , t be On the 21st inst., in Arlingtou.streoP AO Stanhope Illinr , worth, Esq tir g Or i l On the 20th inst., at 31 . M cklenb— eetto) , e Begg„ On the 21st inst., -upper 'roof lir countess Malden. til e 1. are, : 0 On the 20th inst. at 8, Belgrare - e c l u le , Downs. t he On the 21st inst., i O n i: F A ir 4 is p b A u u ry G : irl e # 1 1 Finsbury-sq uare] mann Weber, Esq., M.D. t<J, M A. R R I E P. 00.-„ robtli,,B 0ro p„, v squ O a n re t , h t e ,o l As 9ti i t a in E s i t i . z , a a ba t ett S hh t :i os G n.f ; ys o t r ild g se e r : s B ,gre :., yr: c i.„o,o l:i tilittiiiii ' reiti ,/ ,1 Sangster, of Paternoster-row, and ‘‘," t - r „ et"' tr l i Esq., of Han ipstead. Churc h, o f 1 10 ' On the 20t h inst., at Trinity sou ~.a t i - / Pyper, Esq., late of the 11th fluesar,,,rar 10 PsTer, Esq., M.D., of 4th Royal Irish o . l ' pagdo o Alny Lestey, eldest daughter of j°ll ort b t ;9 0fisl Esq., of Ne.. 17, Westbourne-terrece ri ty , of i House, and Stone Cottage, in the 0 011° Frederick " r u. t hi. ;4 ' l , j 0 ::, f c er ( ill DIED. late Little ° n Charlest Miss i e t',al '' of L ta e r oi y cne L stt i ht b iers ra 2h , o : ir e t u a : h e d : We i da ni n ni : B e t iGtt d . . eh 2 °a 3 rlg . le' Charles evi I I ' 8 11 ' °1 r a Lady GOOrglaU S . 0 . V. 'Clg er ' On the 20th'in g st , Anne Catchlove, `°/ -1/ Melmoth, of Denmark-hill,. Cambervre,...obri ot' On the 18tl i inst., at -Whittlesea, '-'m to o, 'Tames Air i ge r aged 66. Ig' u th 0 , p i! On the, 17th' inst. at Llanwrtyd, o, ° ,• ri tshi r 14 0 13. C. C .)nway, of Lower" Soughton. l'arirei• Colone' On t' ne 15th inst., at Exeter, d e Royal Artillery, aged 65. rel s ' On t he 13th in st., Edmund S ucaPb Twieke inham, aged 79. op o i,/• 1 Lorm4 : Printed and Published bY 31 ,„, of to. 112, Strand' Printer , at IV '-'" S ,nd, in the Precinct of the Sava' Mid dlekur, Monday, July 23, 1868 )11t. ALI k tre ' 4 7 trepin t kt !estation e ta ,, , Lo oek. stai till Pou r a 1 1 1 LON -titt le —es Cir.( 1 41 4 . They 4...tutenabt th kko``Pelke is t e net Vil lrat T c h heis El tn2 laste:: n'sbur r list r , ;:rYleb,„ e nlPle-ber t11()------;414,, tor- grant 26% 189 1 A 94 1 4 6IA 20 sill 417 161 553 , 4 174 267 171 N 28 4148 N 126 37 78 149 463 824 32 294 57% 289 162% 1,899 878 2,€47 6,080 11,432 6,129 210 9; - )4 1,436 1,178 518 879 803 6,657 22,721 5,287 3,195 6,371 18,106 ,648 25,126 6,188 20,776 59,072 1,844 15,546 15,542 8,917 906 27,675 3,074 4,696 1,137 2,44 i 856 971 2,023 828 20.211 5,513 1,550 1,65 G 32,120 2,358 874 2,754 6,492 12,311 6,141 240 240 1,287 1,866 1,210 632 1,043 279 930 7,214 24,010 4,94; 3,471 6,929 19,492 7,010 26,869 6 269 22,318 446 60,057 15,393 17,410 8,689 M 74 1,111 27,4:62 3,207 5,162 1,014 2,848 1,119 1,478 2,645 88i 2,4j2 21,809 5,016 1,976 3,847 1,036 653 339 1,777 41,751