The Sun. — London, England, 1855-08-14 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, INTERNAL SUFFERINGS OF RUSSIA FROM THE WAR. BY AN EYEWITNESS. (From Blackwood's Maya:inc.) [The writer of the following statement left Russia, where he had resided for many years, in the course of the present summer. It will be observed that he apologises for any defects of style which appear in the narrative, on the ground of the length of time during which he has been unaccus tomed to write his own language. No such defects will, we feel satisfied, be found ; as the facts, so deeply inte resting in themselves, and so important in their bearing, are told in plain sensible terms, leaving no doubt of the writer's sincerity, and his desire to tell nothing but the nab.] Having recently left the interior of Russia, I think_ it i ssy duty to lay before the public a plain statement of the results already produced by the events that are now passing. About the court and capitals I can give no information, as I was only in them for a few days o o n my e way home ; but all that I advance here dre.lativoe long, particular part of the country I have_ laivde thei 1 n s . honouf , o n ; the truth, and to be relied on. I h giving the same information to sore of the . highest per sonages in the kingdom soon after . my . arrival, and ap parentlyl they did not think it without importance ; so have ventured to lay it before my country, trusting th a t what has hitherto been dark will now appear in the light of truth ; for I have put nothing down that did not come under my own personal observation, or that I did not obtain from sources on which I could rely. I had thought of publishing a larger work upon Russia, d e t e rred by reading the books already publish e d, w but h was i c h showed me that I should be obliged to repeat much that has been already written by abler pens, and which may be relied upon ; I have therefore confined my. self to what relates exclusively to the influence exercised upon all classes in the interior by the war. There is, doubtless, much left unsaid that might be of interest, but of which I possess no information upon which I can de pend ; and, true to my resolve of only advancing what I know to be facts, I have left nut all that is any way doubtful. lam quite unused to writing for the public, and have employed my native language so little of late years, that I trust the garb hi which I have clothed my truths will be excused if it be a little foreign in appear ance ; for the heart of the writer beats with a truly Bri tish enthusiasm, and breathlessly awaits the moment when his country will have triumphed over allher enemies. THE LANDED PROPRIETORS. The persons who are the greatest sufferers by the pre sent war are thended proprietors. If the war continue they will, for the greater part, be brought to ruin. This will be seen by the following facts, which came under my observation upon an estate where I Lave resided for some years, and which I can give as an average speci men of the whole country. (It must be remembered that I only speak of the south of Russia—of the north I know comparatively nothing.) The estate in question consists of about 40,000 acres of land, with about 1,300 serfs. Its principal productions are linseed, corn, and woo], which are all sold for exportation by way of the ports of the Azoff and Black Seas. These two seas hav ing been closed for some time, all the raw produce re mains rotting on the hands of the producer, with the single exception of wool, which finds a ready market in Germany, being transported overland through Austria ; still the price diminished sensibly last year, on account of the increased cost of transport. I will now proceed to state the details of the losses experienced last year upon this one property. The average income amounts to about 6,0001., out of which 1,5001. has to be paid as in terest of the mortgage— for this, like most other estates, is mortgaged to the Government. Last year there were about 1500 quarters of linseed, which, sold on the spot, would fetch upon an average lfis. per quarter. Of this not a bushel has been sold ; SQ, on this article alone, there is a loss of 1,2001. The wheat grown was about the same quantity. The average price of wheat is 12s. per quarter, and now only a limited quantity can be sold at Bs. ; but, supposing the whole to be sold at that pi ice, the loss will still amount to 3001. This, however, is not the case, and the loss is not less than 5001. upon wheat. Last year the price of wool was, upon an average, 15 per cent. below the usual price ; in some instances there was a loss of 20 and 25 per cent. ; the quantity sold usually fetched about 1.4001.—50 there was another loss of more than 2001. Upon this same estate there are kept about 13,000 sheep, of which there are generally sold every year 2,000 for their tallow and skins, at an average price of 7s. a-head ; now, on account of the difficulties of ex porting tallow, the price is only 55., another 2001. out of the pocket of the proprietor. It will be seen by the foregoing statement, that the income of the possessor of this one estate is diminished more than one-third, by restrictions laid upon trade by the closing of the ports of the Azoff and Black Seas ; and as this may be taken as a good criterion of the whole southern part of Russia, the loss is consequently something enormous. A few of the proprietors, it is true, sold their produce, at almost nominal prices, to merchants who speculated upon the results of the Conferences at Vienna, and bought up largely and transported the corn to the different ports of the south, to be ready to take ztivan tags of the first opening of the trade, had the Con ferences led to the much-desired peace. The immense quantities of corn destroyed during the late expedition to the Azoff did not, as was stated, belong to the Russian government, but was the ;property of private speculators, among whom I know one who bought largely in wheat in the month of March, transporting it to Berdiansk, and I have no doubt he is a very large sufferer by the late event.. Ido not assert, however, that no portion of the corn belonged to the Imperial government, but certainly not more than a fifth of the whole quantity destroyed was intended for the use of the troops, although it might have all been siezed for that purpose later in the w:lr, under the name of rawN Lary contributions. their t wh at is a a r t e e a r l . l y Thefor w th a e r i r is use, a s e , r i a e n h d e p w p h o a r t t n n f o i t r y t f o h r a t h o e f eutploycs to make money, because they make all their demands upon the peasants without producing any writ ten authority from a superior officer, merely stating, in their written or verbal orders, that certain articles are required on such a date, and of course they are ready without any demur or inquiry, as it may happen that the Government actually, in this particular instance, re quires what is demanded ; then the man who sought ' ocular demonstration is considered refractory, and sent to Siberia to improve his manners, and to serve as an example to others, who, after this, will be ready to give all that is required of them without inquiry. Another exaction to which all the agricultural popula tion is subject, is the furnishing means to transport all the munitions of war through the country. At the be ginning they were paid for this service in a kind of Go vernment check, called contremark, which was received again at the treasury in payment of the poll-tax ; but since August, 1854, this has been changed, and this ser vice is paid in money—i.e., not paid at all, for the em ployes pocket the money, which it is never prudent to ask. The contremark was of no use to the employes, consequently the service was always accurately paid, but new the peasants get nothing but kicks and cuffs for their trouble. THE PEASANTRY. The sufferings of the inhabitants of those villages situated on the lines of march taken by the armies that traversed th e coun t ry f rom nort h to south, during the winter of 1853-1854, were so intense that even . the soldiers themselves piti e d th em ; an d it t a k es something to touch the heart of a Russian soldier. The troops, in order to obtain sustenance, were obliged to disperse them selves over a large tract of country, marching in a parallel direction, and falling on the poor peasantry, whose stock of winter provisions was only prepared for the wants of their families ; like locusts, eating up everything, and re ducing the inhabitants to the greatest distress ; while the male population, who generally earn something consi derable with their horses during the winter, in trans porting merchandise from one fair to another, was en gaged on the main road in the transport of artillery and tumbrils, which, by the wise arrangements of the Rus sian Government, had to be dragged over a country co vered to the depth of six or eight feet with snow, upon wheels ; so that tumbrils, which could have been drawn easily by four or six horses if placed upon sledges, re quired twelve or fifteen to move them with their large wheels imbeded in the snow. Huring a journey I was obliged to make in February, 1854, I met more than 500 tumbrils transported in this laborious manner. It made my heart bleed to see the treatment both horses and peasants received at the hands of the soldiery who were frequently obliged to use double, and even treble, the number Of horses required on the level ground. Roads had to be cut in some places through the snow, to admit of the passage of the heavy artillery. The peasants are seldom kept at this work for more than a fortnight to gether ; but they are frequently a hundred miles from their homes, so that after an absence of a month they return only to find their home swept clean by the hungry warriors whose fighting materials they have transported with so much difficulty. That many died of the artifi cial famine caused by these preparations for glorious war, I have no doubt. The Russian soldier, too, is mush imbued with a strong propensity for thieving, and there is nothing he will not steal if the opportunity of so doing should present itself. Finding all the houses where they were billetted without the master, of course many of the little articles of furniture were missing after the visit. These things were generally taken to the next halting-place and sold fur brandy, only, perhaps, to be stolen again by the next party. It frequently happened that soldiers and recruits met in the same villages, and the number billetted in one house was so great that the master and his family were obliged to sleep out in the sheds with cattle, or upon the snow, for slugba (as the peasants call the soldier) must have his lodging. Nor were the sufferings of the troops themselves less acute, marching as they did at such an inclement season of the year. They strive, how ever, to enliven their dreary marches by songs and jests, for in every company there is always a certain number of singers, who march in front, led by a man with a tambourine or an old violin, who dances, sings military songs, of which the other singers take up the chorus, or else he cracks jokes at any one's expense. It is a curious sight to meet a party of soldiers in the midst of a snowy desert, where nothing is to be seen but snow below and snow above ; for the very air is impregnated with it. These armed men are wending their way to destroy, or be destroyed, as the case may be. WORKING TRADESMEN. Among those who feel the pressure of the war in the towns, are the working tradesmen, such as tailors and bootmakers. In all regiments there are a certain num ber of men who work for their comrades in time of peace, making for them their clothing, boots, &c. ; but as now all are called upon to bear arms, they have to quit the needle and awl for the rifle and bayonet. The duty of providing the troops with their grey greatcoats falls upon the tailors, who are suffering enough from the depressed state of all trades. They are supplied with so much cloth or leather, as the case may be, and are required to return a certain number of articles ready for use ; but the materials have already passed through the hands of the officials, who make their profit out of the affair by keeping back for their own use a good per -tentage of the materials, exacting at the same time the re quired number of articles. The poor tradesman has to make good the defa:cations of this grasping rapacity, out of his own pocket, besides the loss of the labour he is compelled to perform. Before I left the town where I was last May, I could not get a pair of boots made, as all the bootmakers were working upon this Government work, to the detriment of their own interests and that of their customers. Far this work they get a mere nominal price, the greater part goes into the pockets of the same m,, ..tmeu them of their ninth hat they can obtain no redress for and look upon it as a necessary evil. THE CONSCRIPTION. I have attempted to show the losses that the present war occasions the landowner, by the trammels it imposes on trade ; we will now take into consideration the enor mous taxes he is subjected to, in order that the govern ment may be provided with means of carrying on the war, or ruining him, which is synonymous. The most severely felt tax at all times is the conscription. This in time of peace does not take place oftener than once a-year ' and the number of r e c rui t s requ i re d i s generally seven from every 1,000 serfs ; but since the war broke out there have been two conscriptions in the year 1854, and already one in 1855, each of 12 in th e 1,000 , b e i ng, for 18 months, 36 able bodied labourers out of every 1,000 males, old and young together. Ido cot know what the proportionate number of able-bodied men there is in 1,000 males, but the effective strength must be con siderably diminished when such a large number is taken away. This is not all. When the recruits are sent to the town to be examined and passed by the proper au thorities, there must be for every 12 men at least 18 more, in case the others should be rejected ; these are sometimes kept away from their work two or three weeks, without any indemnity whatever. By this state ment it will be seen that, during the last 18 months, the possessor of the estate I have quoted above has given to the government 47 conscripts, being the propoition of 36 in the 1,000 for 1,300, and lost the labour of about 70 men for the space of 14 days ; which latter loss, at 6d. a-day, will be 241. 10s. without counting the enti re l oss of 47 men f or ever. But every proprietor is obliged to pay a sum of money (about Si.) to provide the recruit with an outfit and arm him ; this will give again a sum of 8761. for the year and half. The southern governments, in consideration of their vicinity to the seat of war, are exempted from the militia of thirty in the thousand, which is being raised in the northern go vernments. If they have not the militia, they are sub jected to exactions under the name of voluntary contri butions. In the spring of 1854 the estate was obliged to send 40 oxen as rations for the troops then in the Danubian provinces; at the same time there were re quired five waggons, with a pair of horses and a driver to each, which are to be re t urned at the end of the war. These were for the transport of baggage and troops upon an emergency ; and i t was upon tikein that the armies who fought the battle of Inkertnal we transported last autumn. lii the aut umn of the same year (1854) there were required half a, pond (18th.) of biscuit from every male serf for the army, Which, for 1,300, would amount to 650 pood s ; b ut the proprietor offered 1,010 poods, which had t o b e made anal de spatchedr in about three weeks. While the preparation of the biscuit was going on, there came another order for 10 waggons, with a driver and a pair of horees to each, to be ready and delivered up to the authorities in 10 days, as the case was urgent. This was just before news of the descent in the Crimea reached us. All these exactions were made just at the time when the harvest was going on—the end of August—so that the hands were of the greatest consequence to get all the corn Many pereons T h il a E v e a e u x s p B r l e a s N sed sO s L u D rp l r E i t se . at the smallness killed on the part of the Russians after housed before the autumnal rains broke up the roads of the returns ;sf ; hut, to any one who understands the and rendered the transport impossible The num. an enaags e 1 ed, while he As willpnayot appear strange at all. to send in returns of only a small proper- The prae s tlc s e te '! m ? ' receivethis ber of oxen required to transport the biscuit months, Russian -Lmen greatthp twenty pairs, which were absent nearly , eer sgo remaindergenerals 1 are :ro havee w s supposed p o d p mo o n s le e d t rh t ee o . as they had to carry it along distance after the - htieoin.notfhtehfiekld'i,i and a 4.ngland, remarved " ' and rations, to the benefit roads were broken up, and when the mud was knee d he th co is lo i n n e E l dead men's treaterp Nor oorf issthere any daner of detec deep. A little later in the same year was required a number of oxen again fur rations. Ido not remember _ l o e f t e t there any colonels eat the the exact number required but having sent so many ng something similar same thing before, and are practising away with biscuits, and the murrain being very bad tion, for . the g among the cattle at this time, instead of sending them, . hile the subalt the proprietor forwarded to the proper authorities 90/, at all times, w erns hoPe sorne day to be- In nmony s. I kno • come colonels themselve w a instance of a m an a regiment, who, from the April of the present year, double the quantity commanding year was required ; ma l t t a king the field in the summer of last of his regi year up t o as I t ravelled through the country in the month of the end of last November, was in th e h a b it May, I saw th ousands of tons piled outside the towns of sendi r , , two or th ree thousand roubles every week to his fam i l y' for transp or t ation to the army, which of course while he is known to possess no private fortune. All this has to bo done by th e proprietors and peasants of the money wa s o f course squeezed out of th e soldiers' rations Crown. I met upon the road long strings of waggons and forage, for it i s a cavalry regiment. The life of a going to load with this biscuit, and stopped and talked Russian soldier is so miserable that I think half of them I with the drivers, who wer the chief part peasants would prefer to b e kill e d to dragging ou such a wretched belonging to the Crown. They lamented bitterly their existence. They are torn from their homes by the arbi hard fate, being obliged to leave their homes just as the trary hand of despotism, and made to form part of an haymaking was about to commence ; and as they had immense machine called a regiment, which again forms to perform a journey of some 1,500 versts, going and part of another called a division; but they have not the retu rn i ng , i t wou ld be late in the autumn before they remotest idea why they are made to execute certain reach e d t h e i r h omes again, and consequently too late to movements. The English officers who were taken pri make any preparations for winter. Many of them said goners at different times admired the severe discipline of to me: “Batuslika fwe supp ose that we are intended to the Russian army, little thinking that it v:as purchased starv e thi s winter . last w i n t e r we suffered enough while at the expense of every moral feeling ; for the soldier is the tro o p s Were pas'siog, but now we shall not be able to brutalised at the treatment he receives, every officer provide anything for ourselves, for there are onlY the having the right to buffetand cuff him as he may babas (old women) at home, and what can they do ?" think proper. told me, that proper. An old cavalry officer once The peasante of the Crown are subjected to many i f horse died there was a rigid inquiry into the the same exactions as the ro rietors —I think to all off ca a s them, except only th P P and them lam t tau se of his death; and if the least thing appeared e waggors, about 0 show that it had been neglected, the subaltern who not sure. I know that they had to provide the biscuit was in just as their superiors had, and the oxen, too, for rations, rest ; bexi.mand of the squadron was placed under ar il is, however, extremely difficult to as erta'n the amount death bosh if, on the other hand, a man died, on his of contributions exacted from these c poor, misca led fellow lighroeported to the colonel he would say, 'Poor free serfs ; for the employ6s by whom - they are I-min' counted for eZI he is in heaven ! " This may be ac• aged exact so much from them for own use, nual sum to proyvidete3ough. The colonel receives an an saying that it is required for the service o f every hoes affects direhorses fur his regiment, so that t h o Goverawut, that it is impossible to dietingweh coat him nothing !' Thee y his pocket ; whereas the men men are allowed meat by the • THE MERCHANTS: The merchants are not subjected to such heavy losses AS might be supposed, considering the perfect annihila tion of all external commerce. It is true they are obliged to subscribe lar ge ly t o th e vo l untary contributionsfor the expenses of the war ; but as nearly all business is carried on with ready money, they merely withdraw their capital, and wait patiently the course of events. It is among this class that the greatest number of patriots is to be found ; for, as they understand no other lan guage but their own, and are strongly attached to their country, not knowing any other, they get all their information of what passes, from the highly-coloured misrepresentations that are published for them by the Pnssian government. They were enchanted with patri otic verses, that were to be found in all the Russian papers, describing the prowess and victories (future ?) of the holy Musoovite armies. Lori Palmerston is repre sented to them as a monster, and the author of the war. In one of these poetical effusions his lordship is carica tured as a great warrior, who fights his battles on a map with his forefinger. Since the battles of Alma and lukerman these productions have become less frequent. There is one that appeared in the spring of 1854, that I must mention. It is an allegory, composed by an actor, I believe ; and relates that a Russian mo/odetz (young man) was going quietly on his way, when ho found his passage stopped by three men—a turbaned Turk, a bearded Frenchman, and a red-haired English merchant. With a few swings of his powerful arm he made the Turk and Frenchman bite the dust, while the English man was glad to escape the same fate by surrendering the vontents of his pockets to this fine fellow. These may serve as specimens of what is allowed to poison the minds of those who can read ; while those who cannot are excited by yet grosser fictions. Since the beginning of the present year there has been a great scarcity of silver and gold coin in the southern provinces of the empire, though gold was very plenti ful last autumn. This scarcity may be accounted for by the merchants withdrawing their capital from trade. As few of them have any confidence in the paper circulation, they availed themselves of the gold, then very plentiful, which all disappeared in this way in a very few weeks. A friend of mine, who was in Simpheropol in February, wishing to change a 100-ruble note into notes of one, three, and five roubles each, was obliged to pay 10 per cent. for the exchange ; and he assured me that, if any small article were purchased, the value of which did not amount to a rouble, the merchant would rather lose the sale than give coin in exchange, though he was perhaps making a profit of 100 per cent. This state of things is gradually travelling northwards. In Ekaterinoslav it was the same is April ; and in Kharkoff, in May, there was a great difficulty in procuring coin, especially gold and the smaller silver money. Kharkoff is a large commercial town, and the capital of the Ukraine. The issue of notes ltitai:t re cently been v ery great. All this tends to prove every sinew is now strained to bursting to carry on the war. ~ IL Government three days a-week, except during the fasts, and brandy on Sunday and great holidays. The officers generally propose to the men to accept, instead of meat, the money, and to provide themselves. To this, of course, the poor fellows agree, as a proposal from an officer is tantamount to an order ; but they never see more than one-fourth of the money, which is disposed of as follows :—The colonel takes one-fourth, the majors commanding battalions another, and the captains of companies a third, while the other goes to the soldiers themselves ! This may account for the finding only black bread in the knapsacks of the killed and wounded. I have given these examples in order to show the system under which these men fight so desperately, and which prevails throughout the whole empire, --one vast system of fraud, peculation, and pillage. IMPROVEMENT IN SMALL ARMS. (From the New York Journal of Commerce.) In the spring of 1852 our attention was called to the Prussian and French improvements in small arms— both of which had been tested in actual service, and found to possess an extraordinary advantage in range and precision of fire over the old ordinary musket— by the proposed adoption of the Minii rifle into the British service. We then stated that the British Go vernment had contracted with Birmingham manufac turers for 23,000 of these rifles ; and that the result of experiments made by a commission at Woolwich, under instructions of the Duke of Wellington, had satisfied the most sceptical of the military authorities there of the necessity of superseding the old musket entirely with th e new an d more efficient arm. In view of the well-authenticated performance of these wea pons in the Schleswig-Holstein campaign and in Algeria we expressed surprise that nothing was known of them in the United States, and that the improvement should have been ignored by the then last report of the Secre tary of War, in which there was no allusion to its exis tence. It is true there was no great interval between the invention of the new arms and the application of them to the equipment of troops in Germany and France. The apprehension or the exigencies of actual war stimulated the action of those who felt impelled to avail themselves of all the instrumentalities for advantage in the field that modern science and invention could supply. In this country a different state of things prevailed. We had but recently "conquered a peace" with the old weapons, which had therefore been tested by success. Use had made them familiar and victory dear. Nor were we in danger of encountering an enemy in any other field so well equipped as ourselves. The objects for which the Mexican war was waged having been fully attained, no hostile collision seemed to impend, except with the turbulent Indians on the frontier. It might have been plausibly urged that a wiser consider ation would prompt provision against even possible emergencies, and that the employment in the Indian campaigns of means which the enemy could neither re sist nor obtain the command of would shorten conflict and insure speedy submission. But military men, obe dient to a traditionary discipline and inured to a life of strict routine, look with distrust upon innovation. We conversed on the subject with officers old in the ser vice, who refused to be convinced of the practical supe riority of the new weapon, with all the testimony that could be adduced to its efficiency. The document ema nating from the War Department in the ensuing winter furnished no evidence that the invention had ever been brought to its official cognisance. But a year later, from Col. Huger's report of the operations of the army at Harper's Ferry up to June the 30th, 185:3, it appeared that during the year then expired a few experi ments had been made there to test the value of the al leged improvements, which, however, failed to illustrate the superiority claimed for them. A result so at vari ance with the representations received from abroad was calculated rather to excite distrust of the thoroughness of the experiments than of the value of the new weapon; for its superiority was recognised to be so fully established that its introduction, to the exclusion of the superseded arm, was in progress all over Europe as rapidly as it could be supplied with the means of manufacturing at command. The tenour of Col. Huger's report tended to confirm this distrust of the character of the experiments. It appeared that the rifles used were our service rifles, and others which had been manufactured experimentally, and did not conform to the pattern of those adopted by the inventors to be used with the Minh.; and other bul lets. With this disadvantage nothing positive could of course be ascertained in respect to the capability of those missiles. Add to this the want of skill incident to the employment of unpractised hands, and it is easy to account for the discrepancy in the results here and in Europe. That discrepancy was very great. At the short range of 200 yards with the Minis; ball, Colonel Huger says the average of mean absolute variation from the centre of the target was 11 inches ; while the ex periments p rev i ous l y reported by the London Times prove that the Minis rifle could be made to deliver "a far more accurate and deadly fire at 800 yards than the old Ordnance musket at 750." Colonel Huger concludes his report with a promise that the experiments should be resumed at longer ranges and the result duly announced. The last annual report of the Secretary of War states that these renewed experiments were not completed, and had up to then been confined to our service rifle ; but even with that, he adds, " they confirm the great superiority claimed for this invention abroad.' The Secretary thinks it almost certain that smooth-bored arms will be superseded as a military weapon, and recommends a suspension of the manufacture of small arms of our present patterns, thus following a recommendation which the Journal of Commerce made early in 1852, and establishing the soundness of the views we then ex pressed. Thisas ee- I---e - ',Jeannine the great national armories at Springfield and Harper's Ferry are busily at work increasing the large stock of small arms on hand, producing yearly weapons of a better quality at a diminished price, but with no improvement of pattern except in the adoption of the percussion lock, which is applied now not only to arms newly manufactured, but to all the old flint lack guns in store. ** We submit that, in view of the probable superiority of the new French and Prussian guns a thorough examination ought to be undertaken, with a view to test the merits of these, before any con siderable further outlay is made in manufacturing after the old pattern." Notwithstanding the results of the new discoveries thus made public, the Government continued for the en suing period of two years and a half to manufacture the old-fashioned weapons; and according to the Secretary's report we had, at the commencement of the present year, a stock on hand in the arsenals of the United States of more than 500,000 muskets and rifles, besides about 300,000 in possession of the States, the aggregate cost of which was nearly $10,010,000. We are glad, however, to learn that the manufacture of this descrip tion of arias is at length suspended, and that our expen ditures for small arms are for the present to be confined to the making of such as are required for fully testing the merits of new inventions, including, no doubt, those which have been stimulated by the exigencies of the war now in progress, and which are claimed by their prjec tors to possess some advantages over the Minie rifle, the weapon most in vogue. Still further improvements may be expected to result from the very elaborate series of experiments now in progress at Rusholme, England, by direction of the British Government, under the im mediate supervision of Mr. J. Whitworth, of Manchester, and Mr. Westly Richards, an eminent London gunsmith. These experiments are directed te ascertain not only the best form and pattern of military rifles, but also the most efficient means of manufacturing them. It appears that the perfection to which Colonel Colt has brought the manufacture of revolving pistols and rifles at his estab lishment in London, chiefly by self-acting machines, at tended by women and boys, has satisfied the British Government of the advantage of availing of mecha nical inventions to perform the required processes in the manufacture over the p:an, so perseveringly persisted in by the Birmingham gunsmiths, of having them wrought by the hands of the skilled and expensive workmen trained in their factories ; and that the Government have contracted to extend the national armory at Enfield. so that it may be made to produce 100,000 Minic rifles per annum. While experiments conducted in our own armories, at a moderate extent, serve to employ the machinery we already possess, to sug gest new inventions, and to sharpen and keep fresh the practised skill of the workmen there engaged, we have also in anticipation the benefit of the larger and more costly operations tending to the same end in fo reign countries; and, while permitted to avail of the experience of others, it is a matter of just congratulation that we aro enabled to prosecute deliberately and un molested the preparations requisite for our defence and security, remote from the prospect of such sanguinary fields as those in which the great Powers of Europe are even now unhappily forced to test the efficacy of war like implements. RATHER RARE. —There was caught by one of the fish ing boats last week a ling, which, when opened, had a rabbit's leg entire in its stomach. —Jelin O'Groat J ourna l. [ADvaaTisEmENT.]— TR& WAR IN TUE EAST. POWER Fb L . PATENT RECONNOITRING GLASSES.— IVICSSTS., S. and B. Solo mon; opticians, 39, Albemarle-street, Piccadilly. Observe opposite the York Hotel. By her Majest's Roal Letters Patent for valuable and extraordinary impr y ovemen y ts iu the most powerful and brilliant Telescopes, Camp, Race course, Opera, and Perspective Glasses, to know the distances of objects viewed through them —of great importance to - Ow army, navy, and others. These telescopes possess such extra. ordinary powers that some 3i inches, with an extra eye piece, will show distinctly Jupiter's moons, Saturn's ring, and the double stars; with the same teleszopo can be seen a person's countenance three miles and a half distant, and an object f rom 16 to 20 miles. They are of larger and all sizes, with f increasing p owers accord i ngly; while their vary- ing 4to 6 inches enable us to discover more than the above and the Georgian, with his 6 satellites, &c.—The Royal le for ' 't.' Exhibi ion, 18 Georgian, newly-invented, very small, country scenery, and ships person can glass,the size of a walnut, by which eavperysonean be seen and known 1 1 miles distant; they answer purpose on the race-course, and at the opera houses, shpeseatLelg, clearlydeer.ssteaeink deer-stalking, t They are invaln.i,b sportsmen, gentlemen° o yachting, mi l e t s o • race-course, camp, and Festive and tourists. Opera, edrsrctitve glasses, with wonderful power.—Newly-constructPe le Lenses of the great the a ged persons are enabled to employ their sight at est transparent power. The pe v c a l e from this invention is, that preserved and strength° a uable advantage derives; vision becomi impaired is Tied, and very pation—can see with these lenses of a most mucii lminute ocet, lug power—and they do not require the Ire uesst mahgnify. to the dangerous effects of further powerful assistance e D an e g a es ness—New Discovery.----The Organic Vibrator, an extraordi nary powerful, small, newly-invented instrument for deafness entirely different from all others, to surpass anything of the kind that has been, or probably ever can be, produced. Being of the same colour as the ski n , i s not perceptible ; it enables deaf persons to hear distinctly at church and at public assemblies , • the unpleasant sensati on o f singing noises in the cars is entirely removed ; and it affords all the assist. o nce that possibly could ho desired. 39, Albemarlo-iitreet, Piccadilly. Observe -.opposite _Cho _Xork_Hotel. TUESDAY EV_ENING9 AUGUST 14 1855 SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. TATERSALL 7 S—MONDAY. A thn attendance and very little betting. After in telligen-m reached the room that Rotherham and Imo gene hal run a dead bead for the Wolverhampton Stakes to-day, the former was backed for some money at 5 and 6 to 4 t win the deciding heat. This was the only brisk movemait which was made in the course of the after noon. Mostof the following quotations wore only to small sums. BERKSHIRE STAKES. 6 to 4 vast Vanderd e ck en (taken). GREAT EBOR HANDICAP. Bto 1 agst Homily (9 to 1 also laid) 9to 1 agst Vandal (taken) 9to 1 agst Little Harry (10 to 1 taken) :0 to 1 agst Midsummer (12 to 1 also laid) 3to 1 agst Honeysuckle (taken) ,4 to 1 agst Dame Judith (taken) .5 to 1 agst Shoreham (taken) ;5 to 1 agst The Grand Inquisitor (taken) ST. LEGER. 6 to 4 apt Oulston (offered) sto 1 agst Lord of the Isles (taken) DEBBY. to 1 agst Fazzoletto (taken) :0 to 1 agst Dramatist (taken) to 1 agst Yellow Jack (taken) 4) to 1 agst Forbidden Fruit (taken) 4) to 1 agst Verdant Green (taken) WOLVERHAMPTON RACES.—MONDAY. Produce Stakes of 10 sous each, with 20 added, for 3-yr olds ; volts, Bst Gib ; fillies, Bst 31b. Certain penal ties ani allowances. Once round. (0 subs.) Mr. Morris's Cossey, by Melbourne, Bst 31b (Basham) 1 Capt. Wi son's Tom Burke, by Faugh-a-Ballagh, Bst Gib (Aldcroft) 2 Mr. J. Aleeson's Forward, Bst 31b ... (G. Whitehouse) 3 Betting-6 to son Cossey, sto 4 agst Tom Burke, 10 to 1 asst Forward (offered). Won by a short head. Very bad third. The Tria Stakes (Handicap) of 5 sovs each, with 50 added. A winner of any handicap after the weights were declared, 51b extra. One mile. (16 subs.) Mr. G. Duzgleby's Yeutick, by Tory Boy, 3 yrs, Est 511, (Fordbam) 1 Mr. 'Warrington's Kiteflyer, 5 yrs, Bst 51b (W. White) 2 Mr. Mather's Eva, 4 yrs, 7st 131 b (Aldcroft) 3 The following also ran :—.Corin, Cardsharper, and Sine-qua-non. Betting-5 to 2 each agst Corin and Eva, 4to 1 agst Yeutick, 5 to 1 each agst Cardsharper and Kiteflyer. Won by a length. Same distance between the second and third. Bad fourth. Kiteflyer ran very "unkindly." The Woverhampton Stakes of 20 sovs each, h ft, and only 5 if declared, with the Tradesmen's Purse of 100 sovs added. Certain penalties. The second to save his stake. Twice round and a distance. (29 subs, 15 of whom pay 5 sovs each.) The hi g h es t we i g ht accept ing being Bst Sib, it was raised to Bst 71b, and the others remaining in in proportion. Mr. Johnttone's Rotherham, 3 yrs, 6st llb (in cluding 71b extra), (carried Get 21b) (Bates) - 14 w o Mr. Treen's Imogene, 3 yrs, sst 21b (J. Walters) 1- Mr. W. Palmer's Lurley, 4 yrs, Est 1116 (Quinton) 3 Mr. T. Parr's Challow Boy, 3 yrs, sst 21b (Fordham) 4 Betting—Even on Rotherham, 2 to 1 agst Imogene, sto 1 agst Lurley. A good race in with Rotherham and Imogene ended in a dead heat. Lurley was three lengths behind them, and about three-quartere of a length in advance of Challow Boy. Rotherham after wards walked over, and Mr. Johnstone and Mr. Treen divided the stakes. Committee Stakes of 5 soya each, with 40 added, for 2- yr-olds ; colts, Sst 71b ; fillies, Sst 41b. The winner to be sold for 100 sovs. Allowances if entered to be sold for less. Straight half-mile. (13 subs.) Mr. T. Dawson's Prince's Mixture, by Malcolm (301.), 6st 41b (Bates) 1 Mr. T. Stevens's f by the Flying Dutchman—Mogu listan (30/0, Est 41b (Prior) 2 Mr. Jones's Hippona, sister to Mrs. Rigby (301.), Est 41b (Bearpark) 3 The following also ran :—Chere Petite, Wolfsberg, Outcry, Eustace Fitz-John, Pyrrhine, Shocking Events, and Parana. Betting--5 to 2 agst Eustaco Fitz-John, 4to 1 agst Hippona, sto 1 agst Param, 7 to 1 each agst Outcry and Prince's Mixture. Won by a neck ; some distance between the second and third ; bad fourth ; Outcry was fifth, Eustace Fitz-John sixth, and Pyrrhine seventh. The Ladies' Purse of 50 sovs, for three-yr-olds and up wards. About a mile and a quarter. Mr. T. Butler's Man-of-War, 3 yrs, 7st 31b...(Bates) 1 Mr. T. Parr's Fanny Grey, 3 yrs, 7st (E. Forster) 2 Mr. Hill's Minnette, 3 yrs, 7st (Payter) 3 The following also ran :—Petticoat, Spintext, br h by Lanercost, dam 0 Don't, Dicebox, and Boadicea. Betting—Man-of-War, Spintext, and Petticoat were backed against the field. Won by a neck. A length between the second and third, and the same between third and fourth ; Spintext was fifth. Fanny Grey lost upwards of a hundred yards' start ; York " considera tions" were hinted at. W. Sharpe weighed for Hopton, but the horse broke away, threw his rider, and did not go to the post. HANDICAP. BETTING ON THE COURSE. St o 1 agat E rti ß ttl li o (10 to 1 taken freely: 9to 1 agst Vandal (taken) 12 to 1 agst Hospodar (taken) 12 to 1 agst Grand Inquisitor (taken) 11 tv 1 agst Midsummer (taken) throughout was of a very mediocre character. White and blue took the lead, and maintained it, coming in first ; red and white a middling second. Second Heat, 30 minutes past 2. Rose and T. Alcock (blue) ; T. Cannon and H.White (white), This was a spirited race. Blue took the lead at the start, but made no immediate advantage. White fol lowed up closely, keeping stein on past the committee's barge. Blue contrived to get away, kept the lead, and came in first ; white a good second. Third Heat. J. Holder and W. Short (red and blue) ; J. Roe and S. Jameson (black). Black took the lead at the start, and maintained it to the bight, when red and white made a grand spurt and shot a-head, took the lead, and maintained it, coming in first. Black a good second. Final Heat. Cannon and H. White, 1 ; J. Rose and S. Jamieson, 2. Won by a length and a half, after a fine race, in which four other pairs were engaged. GENTLEMEN (SENIOR) SCULLERB' MATCH. A. A. Casamajor, 1; H. C. P. Bayford, 0 ; C. W. Lewis, 0. It was almost a repetition of the Gentleman Cham pionship of the Thames last Friday, Mr. Casamajor again winning, although Mr. Bayford was much closer all the way. Won by two lengths. GIG RACE, PAIR OAR, WITH COXSWAIN; FOR GENTLEMEN -IN ONE HEAT. Messrs. T. Turner and W. Whitehouse —H. Dobree, coxswain (red and black). C. Tidbury and W. Stocken—R. Taylor, coxswain (black). G. G. Ditton and C. Charles—A. Forbes, coxswain (white). 11. Snow and J. Wright— -- coxswain, (blue). This was a novel and somewhat exciting race. The boats went well away, and until they passed the com mittee's barge they were together ; white, opposite Searle's, however, shot a-head, followed by blue, red and white third. Messrs. Tidbury and W. Stocken (black), gradually drew upon white, and before getting to Craven Cottage overhauled them, obtained the lead, and maintained it, coming in first. The colour3 were not hoisted for the second place. TRADESMEN'S PAIR-OAR MATCH. This match was rowed in one heat, from Hammer smith-bridge to Putney, and was the best contested (al though by tradesmen) throught the day. The following started :—W. Sanderson and W. Walker, red ; J. Py e and W. Paytoe, whit e ; an d G. Jones and: R. Miller, blue. At the start, which took place at 20 minutes past 4, the race was very good, and continued for some time ; red, however, gradually drew a-head ; Messrs. Pye and Paytoe (white) made a determined struggle, and kept close upon their quarter until opposite Searle's, when red gradually increased the distance, coming in winners by three boats' length ; white second ; blue distanced four or five boat's length. GENTLEMEN'S (JUNIOR) FOUR-OARED MATCII. This match was started from Chiswick to Putney at 40 minutes past four. The Albion Club, white ; Volante Club, blue ; Petrel Club, red. This match was well contested, a very fine race taking place between the Albion and Volante club. Red had taken the lead, but from some cause not satisfactorily explained were thrown out of the match. The struggle continued to the bridge between blue and white, but, al though the latter made almost superhuman exertions, they could not recover their lost ground. Blue came in first, white a good second. The racing will be resumed at one o'clock this day. There is a full list of competitors. POLICE INTELLIGENCE. MANSION-HOUSE.— Matthew Deioine, a young man of respectable appearance, was brought before the Lord Mayor under the following remarkable circum stances:— A cabman--I was called at about 10 minutes past 12 on Saturday night to take a young woman who was in a state of insensibility on the pavement in Cheapside, to Camomile-street, Bishopsgate. She was, after some delay, put into the cab by the prisoner and another per son, and the prisoner got in after she was placed there. Mine is a Hansom cab, and in consequence of what was said to me by somebody in the crowd around her, I raised the trap, by which I could see what was going on inside, and I observed the prisoner acting in such a manner as induced me to ask him what he was about with the young woman. He then appeared to desist, and , when we got on some way further, I again raised the trap, and I saw him repeat the conduct to which I had ob jected, and again I called to him. He then said—" All right, Cabby." I said it was not all right, and having heard that the young woman who accompanied him was a virtuous person, I jumped down, pulled open the doors of the cab, and found the female quite uncon scious, and the prisoner in such a state as convinced me that his intentions towards her were by no means delicate or honourable. I was informed by somebody that the prisoner was her brother-in•law, and I said, "If that's the case, he is a perfect scoundrel," and I called a policeman ; and the owner of the house in Camomile street, to which I took her, who really is her brother-in law, upon hearing my account of the matter, charged him at the station-house with the assault. The Lord Mayor—ln what state WAS the prisoner when you took him into custody ? Witness—He was intoxicated. The prisoner —I was so drunk that I know nothing at all about it. I have no recollection at all about what took place. lam sure I could have done no harm to anybody. Sarah Williams said—l am 21 years of age and single, and I live with my sister and brother-in-law, a respect able tradesman. Ido not know the prisoner. I was in Cheapside on Saturday night, perhaps between 9 and 10 o'clock— (the witness had no accurate recollection of the time any more than of the occurrence which had taken place)—with a female cousin of mine, who came from Sheerness. We walked on through streets the names of which I am not acquainted with, and my cousin went into a shop to inquire about shirt-making. I was waiting for her outside, and the prisoner came up and said to me, " What are you waiting for ?" I said I was waiting for my friend. He then said, " I wish you would come and take a glass of wine with me." I said, "No, I am not in the habit of doing so." I refused him at first, but with great persuasion I consented. My friend, whom I left in the shop missed me. I don't know where I went with the prisoner, but it was to some public-house. I drank a glass of wine, port I think it was, and when I came out I fell immediately senseless. The prisoner—When I met her she was intoxicated. The Lord Mayor (to the witness)—Had you been drinking ? Witness—Not at all ; I had taken nothing but what I took with him. The Lord Mayor—Do you recollect getting into the cab? Witness—l recollect nothing more ; I did not come to my senses till about eight o'clock on Sunday morning. The Lord Mayor—Have you been visited since this occurrence by a medical man ? Witness—No ; there is no occasion whatever ; I have sustained no personal injury. The Lord Mayor—Did you take more than one glass of wino with him ? Witness—l cannot say that I had more to drink than one glass. I was at no other public-house, and I was at no other house of any kind. The Lord Mayor—Did he give you any money ? Witness—No. The Lord Mayor—And you were not at all intoxi cated Witness—No more than I am now. The Lord Mayor—Could you find out the house at which you had the glass of wine, or the shop in which you lett your friend ? Witness—l cDuld not. The brother-in-law of the prosecutrix said that, upon hearing of the conduct of the prisoner, he at once gave the brutal fellow in charge. It was, he added, most satisfactory to know that the injury which might have been intended had not at all been inflicted. A respectable person here stopped forward, and said the prisoner must have been in such a condition as no body had ever seen him placed in before, when such a charge was brought against him, and begged to be al lowed to bail him. The prisoner—l know nothing at all about it, I ca❑ swear, any more than the young woman, and I am sure I never meant her any harm. The Lord Mayor—The charge is a very serious one, and I hope you will take a lesson from your present sufferings. I shall consent to take two good securities in 501. each, and the prisoner's own surety in 1001. to meet the charge. WESTMINSTER.—ALLEGED NEGLECT AT THE An- MIRALTY.-A female named Hannah Archer, residing at No. 28, Vincent-street, Vincent-square, applied for the assistance of th e mag i s t ra t e un d er the following circum stances :—She stated that her husband was a seaman on board her Majesty's shipthe Hawke, which was attached to the fleet in the Baltic under Admiral Baynes— that she had received letters from him, authorising her to receive his half-pay—and that she had repeatedly ap plied to the Admiralty for the money, but was unable to get any. Mr. Arnold inquired how much was due to her ? Applicant—About six months, your worship. The ship left Sheerness on the 6th f June, when my hus band says that my half-pay ticket was left for me by him. Mr. Arnold—Have you heard from your husband lately ?. Applicant—Yes, your worship, on the 27th of July. An officer of the court said that the half-pay ticket ought to have been sent by the clerk of the ship to the Admiralty. Applicant—My husband states that it has been sent to the Admiralty ; and when I apply there they say they have not received it. I have been a dozen times to the Admiralty. Mr. Arnold—There must be great mismanagement somewhere. How many children have you ? Applicant—Two, sir. The one in my arms and an other young child. lam in want of necessaries. Mr. Arnold—lt is a very hard case, indeed. I ha've no power with the Admiralty that can be of the least use to you, but if you will produce me the letters you have received from your husband to satisfy me that yourstory his true, I will give you some temporary relief from the poor-box. The applicant said she would do so. subsequently she stated that she was not the only female whose husband was in the Baltic fleet who was in the situation she was. MARYLEBONE. ATTEMPTED MURDER, OF A POLICEMAN WITH A BUTCHER'S KNIFE.—ATROCIOUS CASE.—Dennis Daly, a young man of very determined appearance, was brought before Mr. Brou g hton on the e :targe of having attempted, with a large knife belong. o n „ 4, a pork butcher, to etab rolice:conatAble Leveret; 68 S, by whom he had in the first instance been taken into custody for another offence ; and it will be seen from the subjoined evidence that, but for the resolute conduct of a female, the officer's life would probably have been sacrificed. Leverett, on being sworn, said—Between 9 and 10 o'clock on Saturday night, as I was on duty in the Hampstead-road, Isaw the prisoner with his band at the pocket of a woman who was looking in at a window. She almost immediately exclaimed, " You good-for nothing blackguard, you have been robbing me." She then gave him in charge, but on ascertaining that she bad not lost anything, she refused to go to the station-house to make a complaint. I saw that her handkerchief bad been partly drawn out of her pocket. While conveying him along Henry-street, he resisted, and struck me a violent blow ; and a large mob, amounting to no fewer than 200 persons, speedily collected at the spot, and many of the mob endeavoured to effect a rescue. The prisoner struck me and we fell, and while we were buth struggling to gether upon the ground, he kicked me several times with all his might upon the legs; he also knocked do an a butcher, who, upon my calling to him in the Queen's name, came to my assistance. I got him into the butcher's shop which was close by, there to await further aid, when the mob, consisting no doubt of a great many of the prisoner's companions, tore down the window-board, upon which a large quantity of pork was placed, and threw nearly the whole of the joints into the road. Most of them were picked up and stolen by some of the lawless parties. The mob swore that they would pull the shop to pieces if I.did not let the prisoner go, upon which he (prisoner) seized from the counter a large knife, and tried therewith to extricate himself by cutting his necktie. I laid hold of the handle to prevent him from effecting his object, when he said, "You —, if I can't get my tie off, I'll stab you," when he contrived to draw the blade through my hand, thereby inflicting cuts, al though not serious ones, upon some of my fingers. The butcher's wife, Mrs. Somers, darted forward and wrested the weapon from his grasp. He then, in a great rage, laid hold of another knife, again swearing that be would stab me and be made an a tt empt to plunge it into my chest. In this sanguinary endeavour he would perhaps have succeeded, had not Mrs. Somers arrested in some measure the fearful force with which he was about to use the said formidable implement, and managing by a dex terous effort to disarm him as before. In proof of the narrow escape which I have had, it will be perceived that there is a cut in the breast part of my coat, where the knife entered. (The. cut was here shown to the ma gistrate.) Other officers came to my assistance, and the prisoner was ultimately conveyed to the station, and locked up. Mrs. Somers, and William So mers , h er h us b and, gave evidence for the most part corroborative of that of the officer. Somers said that he was repeatedly struck and kicked by some of the mob while upon the ground, and that he could ill afford the loss which he had sustained through the outrageous conduct of the multitude. Mr. Broughton said he should make a remark on the charge.sheet as to the firm and good conduct of the con stable under the trying circumstances in which he was placed. Much credit was also due to Mrs. Somers, and he thought it only right that the commissioners should be advised to make some compensation to Somers for the loss of meat. The prisoner, who said that he was merely trying to cut his neck tie, and denied having attempted to injure the constable, was committed for trial for "actempting to stab." He was then locked up. SOUTHWARK.—SINGULAR CHARGE OF ROBBERY AGAINST THE WIFE OF A TRADESMAN.—Mrs. Ann Downes, the wife of a bedst ea d- ma k er i n the Borough, was fully committed for trial for the following robbery : Mary Neale, the wife of a timber merchant in Bear lane, said that on the 31st of July she bought a bedstead at the shop of the prisoner's husband and directed it to be sent home. A short time afterwards a man, accom panied by Mrs. Downes, brought it to her house, when witness asked her to remain until her husband came home to pay for it. While she was there witness, the prisoner, and a lodger had three sixpenny -worths of gin "to wet the bedstead," during which time Mrs. Downes took a fancy to some fowls and offered to buy them. Witness believing her to be a re'pectable female, took her into the parlour and showed her some articles of fur tore she had recently purchased, and, pointing to a box standing on one of the tables as containing all her saving , , said if she lost it it would be her ruin. After remaining there for a short time the prisoner left very quickly, say ing she would return in a moment or so. Witness locked the door of the parlour, and a little afterwards her husband came in, when he said he would go and get the money from the box. She gave him the key of the door, but, much to her surprise, she found that the box was gone. No one else could have stolen the box ; therefore, when Mrs. Downes came to the h ouse aga i n , s h e gave her into custody. Witness remembered that when she left the house she had something under her thaw), but she had no idea that it was her box. The latter contained 4/. 15s. in crown pieces, several old coins (one of which was an American shilling, with a hole in it), and some jewel lery. When Mrs. Downes was searched at the police station, witness saw the American shilling and a cap taken from her, both of which had been locked up in the box, the key of which her husband always kept. It was contended by Mr. Solomon, on behalf of the accused, that the cap was given her by Mrs. Neale after they had drank the gin, and that the American coin had been in her possession some years. As for the box, she knew nothing of that, and her reason far 1.-..vin g tho kouse was to go home and fetch the money to pay for the fowls she had purchased. As soon as she came back with that she was given into custody. The whole of the depositions having been taken, at the request of Mr. Solomon the magistrate accepted bail for her attendance at the next Surrey Sessions. ~.,~,~. .., : w.~. _ROYAL THAMES NATIONAL REGATTA This annual fete commenced yesterday, at Putney, and will continue to-day and Wednesday. The great race of yesterday was the champion four-oared race, in which were 13 entries from various parts of England— the Newcastle, Manchester, and Richmond parties being most in request. The committee of management had, as usual, their barge moored off the Bishop of London's, at Fulham, which was crowded by the subscribers and their friends, a very large portion of whom wore ladies. The barge and steamers were filled with flags and streamers, a military band being in attendance, presenting a very gay and animated appearance. The Eight Bells and the Star and Garter Taverns were crowded with the mem bers and friends of the Oxford, Cambridge, and Univer sity Clubs ; and the Duke's Head, with various other clubs. The banks on either side of the river, as also Put ney and Hammersmith Bridges, were crowded with spec tators. Gay as these regattas always are, more than usual interest was excited, and a much larger concourse of persons than usual were present. The first race on the list was The Champion Four-oared Match for 1371. in Cash. First Heat. This heat consisted only of the Feathers Crow (Wands worth), green : T. Day, IZ. Bain, J. Driver, W. Twickenham ; H. Salter, coxswain. Unity Club (Lambeth), blue and white :—J. Chapman, W. Jones, R. Wharf, J. Happy; T. Maynard, coxswain. Hammersmith was not at the mark. This heat was started shortly after o'clock, and was a well-contested race. Green (the Wandsworth crew) at the start obtained the lead, but were quickly over hauled by the Lambeth crew (blue and white), when, after passing the committee's barge, and shooting the bight, opposite the late Vice-Chancellor's, the Wands worth drew a-head, and maintained their lead, coining in at Chiswick winners at some distance. The Unity Club a good second. Second Heat. This heat was started at 20 minutes past 1, and con sisted of : The Shaksperian Crew (Manchester), white :—S. Wood, J. Carroll, H. Ault, M. Taylor ; Mahoney, coxswain. Who'd have Thought It (Wandsworth), red and green: —G. Driver, A. Ralph, J. Goodson, H. Kelly ; J. Hewitt, coxswain. Elswick Crew (Newcastle), blue :—J. Bruce, A. Maddison, J. Galley, E. Winship ; J. Taylor, coxswain. This was a very fine race. The Manchester crow (Shakepeare) took the lead, followed closely by the Newcastle (Elswick) crew. The Wandsworth a very good third. The race between the Manchester and Elswick crew was maintained throughout to Hammer. smith-bridge ; when the Manchester drew a-head, took the lead, and maintained it, winning easily, at Chiswick coming in first ; the Elswick crew second. Third Heat. St. Agnes Crew (Newcastle and London), yellow : R. Coombes, G. Salter, W. Pocock, H. Clasper ; Fos ter, coxswain, Apprentices' Crew (London), red and white :—Dove, White, IVhitrearsh, Rose; Kelly, coxswain. Confidence Club (Richmond), black :—T. Mackinney, W. Mancey, A. Chitty, J. Mackinney ; G. Messum, coxswain. At the start, the Newcastle and London and Rich mond Clubs were fairly together, and shortly after they fouled, and had to be recalled by the umpires. On the start being given a second time, the St. Agnes— Coombes and Clasper's crew—took the lead, followed closely by the Richmond crew, until they passed Searle's, when Coombes and Clasper's crew took the lead, and maintained throughout. Tho Richmond Club some boats lengths behind. The Apprentices' Crew nowhere. The three second boats' crews had then to contest for a fourth heat to claim a place in the final heat. Fourth heat. The only boats, however, were the Elswick Crew (Newcastle) and Confidence (Richmond). The start took place at fifty minutes past two. The Eiswick crew took the lead, the Richmond doing all they could to maintain their pace, which was very severe, but on arriving off Searle's, feeling they were no match for their opponets, they stopped short, leaving the Elswick to walk over the course. Final Heat. The Shaklpeare, Manchester The Elswick St. Agnes The Featters rl This heat was rowed downwards. Aft er thi first o clip, the Mancheste 7 men began to lead, the Wandsworth men being second, Bt. Agnes third. After a few strokes, the Elswick men iegan to mend their position, and having dashed by the St. Agnes, challenged the Manchester, and a neck ant neck race of the most beautiful descrip tion followed tll below the Crab Tree. At C yen Cot tage the Manciesters drew themselves clear, d finally wen by two letgths, the St. Agnes being third PAIR . TOA:zonbAinc: First sI BELOW BRIDGE, FOR PRIZ OP 3$Z, anT( O iii n ji l s. y vvvi t a w h3 o itae s , t ve ar rre t yd ed ati , nn a di l ia t wt h e o hr C u iet ' g s t et S h . : l l fi g ve lat e o r b e e a n i2 t d ered i e; Leh. Heat Pa m a e t r 2 whiteo' l o'clock, ck.G and blue ; SIR JAMES BROOKS AND THE ISLAND OF BORNEO. A largo blue-hook, published on Friday, contains the reports of the two commissioners, the Hon. IL B. Devereux and Mr. C. R. Prinsep, appointed to inquire into certain matters connected, with the position of Sir James Brooke in Borneo. The statements of Sir James himself, the evidence adduced, and a variety of corres pondence and miscellaneous matter occupy a large por tion of the document. Into these it is impossible to enter ; we therefore state the result of the inquiry. The Hon. Mr. Devereux, after giving an account of the proceedings of the commission, records his judgment seriatim on the four points submitted for inquiry. The first was whether the position of Sir James Brooke at Sarawak, either as holding that pos session of the Sultan of Borneo, or as an independent popular rajah, be compatible with his duties as British Consul-General and Commissioner for Trade, and his character as a British subject. The general result arrived at by Mr. Devereux is that, without a knowledge of the terms of the document in which Sarawak was ceded by the Sultan of Borneo, it is impossible to pronounce a con fident opinion in regard to the exact nature of Sir James Brooke's tenure of that place. The question of incom patibility of position as ruler of Sarawak and British subject is set at rest by Sir J. Brooke's declared inten tion to relinquish hisposition at Sarawak in case of need, Sir James having, moreover, expressed an opinion that the office of commissioner is, from its duties, unbefitting his position at Sarawak. The second point was whether SirJ. Brooke's interest as a holder of territory and a trader in its produce be compa tible with his duties as Consul to promote and foster the trade ofother British subjects. This question loses its interest in the event of other reasons prevailing to sever the position of her Majesty's Commissioner and Consul-general from that of ruler of Sarawak, but Mr. Devereux does not consider that the two sources of revenue enumerated are in their nature incompatible with the functions named. Under the third head of inquiry, whether Sir James Brooke had sought to injure the interests of other British subjects in order to promote his own, no charges were investigated, and the only complaint—one made by the agents of the - Eastern Archipelago Company—Mr. Devereux refused to entertain, for reasons assigned. The fourth was to inquire into the relations of Sir James Brooke to the native tribes, and their bearings on the piracy question. Whether it is necessary that Sir J. Brooke should be intrusted with a discretion to determine what tribes are piratical, and to call in her Majesty's naval forces to punish them, must depend, says Mr. Devereux, on Sir J. Brooke's position (if any) in her Majesty's service. He deems it most desirable that there should be some authority empowered to call for the aid of our naval forces for the suppression of piraoy, to which Great Britain is pledged by the treaty of Borneo, as far as the north west of the island is concerned. Mr. Prinsep, after informing the Government that Sir James Brooke had admitted the incompatibility of his position as holding territory from the Sultan of Borneo with his character of British Consul and Commis. sioner for Trade, and that he had, since his last return to Sarawak, abstained from exercising the latter functions, proceeds, under the fourth head of inquiry, to report that the relation of Sir James with and towards the na tive tribes on the north-west of Borneo is such in every suspect that it is neither (in Mr. Prinsep's opinion) "ne cessary nor prudent that he should beintrusted with any discretion to determine which of these tribes are pirati cal," or be armed with any power to call for naval aid to punish or coerce them. Mr. Prinsep considers that Sir James's position is that of a mere vassal of the Sultan of Borneo, and hence in the existing relations between the Sultan and Great Britain —contracted by Sir James himself—his position is a very anomalous one. Some difference appears to exist between the two com missioners with respect to the attacks on the piratical tribes by Captains Keppel and Farquhar. Mr. Prinsep thinks that they were prompted rather by a considera tion of the injuries sustained by the settlers at Sarawak than by any injuries or complaints of such sustained by English subjects, and he deplores the great sacrifice of life entailed by Captain Farquhar's operations in con cert with "savage allies." The charge of " wrongful and causeless attack and massacre," however, has wholly failed of proof, and been negatived by evidence to the contrary. Mr. Devereux so far differs from his colleague as to disbelieve that there was excessive loss of life, or that atrocities, in the ordinary sense of the term, were committed in 1849 in the expedition against the Serebas and Sakarran Dyaks. The Cardiff Guardian states that the case of Mrs. Saunders, the poor woman who lately gave birth to four children, having come to the knowledge of the Queen. she immediately sent four sovereigns—one for each of the 'children. As we have before stated, one of the children died on Monday, but the remaining trio are progressing I _.----4,------ CHELMSFORD—Aua. 10. to o A great many samples of wheat to- b 0 year, and they met a slow sale at an ateD:vitstiA to 2s per qr. on last week's prices. All e lie Lion, and little business done in any des Wheat., white, old, per s. s., n o l e d w r . 5 5 5 8 6 8 8 8 7 3 0 0 I Peas,°at sP r P e s o r r w t i g te i: l : d . • new.-56 73 29 36 Dom , ........ 2 2 7 9 : 3 4 7 3 Bemis, ri Ti arro ok ". 0.1. 191 1 gassg— .6B 72 1 Ditto, .70 74 red, Barley Chevalier Grinding Malt Chevalier COLCHESTER— AUG. 10. ,„ 91 A small supply of wheat, the trade 01°''..d. peas Prices decline. 2s p a qd r ar l .y e ycwhaeenraedp as follow f a o n il s oawtlast_ virb week's est red, 68s to 74s ; barley, 32s to 34s ; 08 ' 8 ' - LA 0 . Ilazagan, 40s to 42s ; middle and small, '— white, 468 to 48s ; grey, 38s to 40s. Official Statement of the Quantities Of Ca?' in the port of London, from the follow"'' the 6th to the 11th Aug., both inclusle° 6 . j 47 ,sy' 1-, Colchester Harwich ' 336 Leigh Maldou '15501 --- KIRICCALDY—.A.O. 9. i f', Wheat. I Barley. i ~.°ll 11 1 Second B os Od I 38s od L : Yo t a 1 First 76s Od 37s Od I 2 g 8s Od s Third I ' 70s Od I 3l s Od I —o' COAL MARKET. Prices of Coal per ton at 0 —Auover 1 3 - 10 - he close of too: . , i i ' P' 10 110 ..4 [Liddell ......... 'or Eden AN° ..... .e i Behaot .. ....... .::,./) Haswell ........... .. , Sotto' .......... A Plummer ... .. ~(1 ) Russell'e Plummer..... . , 11 iSouth Setton...., Ai IStewartto . .... r'4 „.„) 1-Carsidoe ...... .... I Coop ............... Oeugh Rail. .. _,,• c/o 1 South Sattler South Selloe."'4l, iI Sold .......... ..- s. d. Bebside's West Hartley 19 6 Tanfield Moor l6 0 West Riding Hartley lB 6 Grey's West Hartley lB C Tanfield Moor Butes 16 3 Wylam 19 0 • " Wallsend, &c. Acorn Close 2O 6 1 Gosforth l9 31 Harton 2O 01 Heaton Whitworth lB 0 Framwellgate 20 6 Adelaide Tees 2l 6 Derwentwater Hartley 19 0 Ships at market...ss SEA BORNE MAN,' 60001 (N 8413111 es that the mails are sent fr t 5 the night—and M by the morning-41 po or , y PliP 4 f .ll ; i I ...lei ro! r 1,1 04°. 1 Por t' Dove D : a 1 d l' 0 0 Office, Every Frida,Y • • COVNTRIEt. America(byßrit.pack)N Americe. (by United Sts. packet) ..........N America (by U. States packet) Australia (via South ampton) .......... M Uitto (via Marseilles) N; Ditto (via Cape of Goad, Hope) Africa (West Coaat) . .N 1 Alexandria.... • • • • • • N Alexandria M' Bahamas ...........M Belgium ..N Brazil ..............M Buenos Ayres ........M Cape of Good Hope ..N Cape of Good Hope ..N Cape de Verds Ceylon (see India) Ceylon .... „ ...,N Channel Isles Mon Chili „ „ „ „ M 2d Fi 17th of mow' China ... 'Once a month.. • • Constantinople _ „ N , 1 8,13,18,23,&0 e t Constantinople l4th & 20th of MO. O O , • Cont. of Europe 111 & N l lTwice daily . • 00.0 ( 4 ,e00 /1 Egypt (see India) , Do France ..... M& N; Twice daily.• •"• go o 7 ffil Gibraltar ......... ,81 1 4, 7,17, 'A ••• eJO Greece'(see India) ' O. °pip ' Greytoivn 2nd & 17th of in, , Hamburgh Nj Tuesday & 141° A Solt ~0•1,;t3.4 iiavannah ..........M 2nd of the mon.' ,r Holland ............ ..... • ",;;Isoa l ' l oo,, Honduras 17th of the mom.' India (viaSonthampt.)M 4th & 20th of 11 1 °,,, n. Wi l d > d i India (via Marseilles)At 9th& of ul en „ -- 0 po7 o o o i,';r lonian Isles (see India)j7, 17, &27 of 10 , - 0011 d,a• Ireland & NiTwice daily ..... Li5b0n........., „ 9, 17, f.g 27 of ; Madeira of the monk '77, ,) Madeira .. .......... N ;23d of month •• • . 01 ,, • Malta (see India) I V Malta .......... ....N I S, 18, &28 o. r 170 ell . • Mauritius (see India) Mauritius 14th of the Triollo' Mexico at 271 a of the mont li : Naples 15th2bthotaie,t' Now Granada ...... bil9d & 17th of month New Zealand private shiP " Papal States ........N'sthlsth2sthofolo n • Peninsula 7thl7th27thottio ti. P e r u •• • • • ..... ..M 2d & 27th of no g ' Port Natal ..........N By private shiP• " Sicily ...„ N sth latll2sthotino n. Tuscany sthlsth2sthofnlo_ n • Venezuela .... 17th othionw Van Diemen's Land (see Australia) West Indies 2d& 17th of n2OlO !'ltld of the ulocal.• & 30 OW*, '4th & 20th of nlo'yi 117th of the Et 10 0" i Daily • • 9th of the 19th o . • the moo.-- • .Ix of sl oo `ll .*LitooFt`,, 9th 07 tb2 MOD° IP' rot' 50' - Y 1 nolej i tt / Verf ~....4 „, i 567,09, i volodoe so o o oo, : 'f irfo # o%o l so/ t l . ° 7 When any of these dates fall on, a So nt rhil. d t i- pl spatched on the following day w ith the °,..."" OP Southampton), and the Malta, 'both of wiii*' r i preceding day. ..........0 %. JO, 1 4 : 0 4 6 PISCATORIAL SPORT.—During. t ., he a,- 1 ,,A , ye/ of gentlemen were angling in thelr e ;.0 0 0 11 0 Mr. B. S. Oliver, of Nottingham/ ° Lodi' r ioi / f a large salmon, which took him tr i os l l6o f, land. It was a remarkably fine fis_ . ; l- 0( ' il l ,/ in length, and weighing upwar d ,or Mercury. g l ii ,, lig $:, ° [ADVERTISEMENT.] —Holloway ' s G• tp r i 1 the cure of Female Complaints. -- ,i`0 0 ,6 1 ' F tY, South Cave, informs Professor 01 - ° ,,,' - 'l l Cr iP 4 j dated Sept. 26, 1854, that Mrs. SI P- ifineri was afflicted for a long time with 0 0 0 01 10 4 0 mach (which occurred at the turn °f c i 1 0 ) b. sb e 0:9 indications of dropsy ; in fact, tub e in t. AO pi I told that dropsy was her coroPla'" 9o , .7 - i ,do mately thrown on a bed of sick (g": du menced using Holloway's Pills ; aft e w 00.1,0 1 ;01 she was completely cured, and, n t e fors_Ar health, better than ever she felt z a feen 0. / vendors of medicine, and at -r i '... 1 11 " 4 establishments, 244, Strand, Lou u° " ' • ' A t sr,/ lane, New York. ~ v d c tioj e Ali' l l i) [ADVERTthEMENT.]—DU Barry's d e l 1 , 0 10 1 "' 97 7 Food cures indigestion (dyspepsill' is - aertbeits/q, rhcea, dysentery, nervousness, bi u6:- bee" - 'O O r/ plaints, flatulency, distension, aciditY,oo, :IA of the heart, nervous headaches, de__,S in o f the 0 11 :01,y1 and ears, pains in almost every•P' l .`" conngli 7 / roux, face-ache, chronic inflammatioll, .4.,,,titi), of the stomach, pains at the pit of l o{ ' i the shoulders, e► rysipelas, eruptions o ° f the e ll P 4 carbuncles, impurities and poverty v 1 .. 11 09 1 04 cough, asthma, consumption, drei'''' a ftw op, nausea and sickness during pregenn e/ J„ 0.6 07,0 , low spirits, spasms, cramps, opiler'ioaloPoo/ debility, inquietude, sleeplessne ss, ti patO te gd , / paralysis, tremors, dislike to societY'", the ' • of memory, delusions, vertigo, blood; e i g lall t , b c , i/ melancholy, groundless fear, i ll g ' c tif ° Lt . v ,al thoughts of self-destruction, and m" - isfat e o , l,/, It is, moreover, the best food fo r Lb° 7 poi og 0 generally, as it never turns a cid n' l dietu a ri,4 4 ,' nor interferes with a good liberal a 2 0 e pey healthy relish for lunch and dinn er ' ari alS r fo # s , of digestion, and nervous 'and 10- 00 00 , "ped 4 1 most enfeebled. In whooping coug h :o u1e!:02 4 ,,r0 i chicken or wind pox it renders d feler. lire,/ by removing all inflammatory ° ad . 5 1 7.0 0) In canisters, 11b. 2s. 9d.; 21b. 40 . "ii;o0t7 10 0/1$11 The 121 b., carriage free, on receirt ' 3 " 1,0 01.- 4 1$ Du Barry di Co., 77, Regent-street,o, 1 0 A r d , Piccadilly; 60, Graxechurch-street; 79, 13 0 t; V > a r' 4, Cheapside ; 60 and 68, Cornhi 11; er ,otS o6 oo, f" i 55, Charing- cross; 54, Upper j 6 "".,100 3 , ° , 1 92 ft( Oxford-street; 89, High-street, loa4"-Atii mall; 7, Pall-mall-East; 132, Ne W ~ CiiiV.er comb-street ; 13, King William-stresrvrtiogionorr ,' street; 21, Cockspur-street; 9 5, Ir t V rS .././ Paul's Churchyard; 6 Edward-Woe ' t2==temmer • BIRTO S• • ra OF A SON. 0 0 y On the 12th inst , a 32, InverneloireettiVi wife of Richard Bs,. star, Esq., bor r ii- la 000 P P On the 19th ult., at Government P.° 00 founciland, the wife of his Excellena ling, Esq. OF A DAd116 51115. 00, tile 118°1' 11;1 On the 12th inst Christie, Esq. "at H °dlol . 810 4: °f On the 11th inst., in Saville-rOWP.,I - i $O 6 On the 13th inst. , at Henratok-bl' Rohrweger, Esq., ,iolf o i et MAII R . P ei t i' On the 7th inst., at St. Peter's' jet p ,- 4 0 1- 0 0 rbi,t 4 d fi rior 1 , 0 Thames, Charles, eldest son of 1 ) , 413 " OAT! 0 1/ t lV e l r a r o s f h a Juliuslls , Essex, jeff l r a e t y e s , of E L B q i v . rvp.oßaa s , to . : 1 0 0 o Itto , Medical Staff, Bengal , ii ,. u rli j , il :b f ict I P On the Bth inst,, a t ~g,-000r.-Y4 Dowe, incumbent of snyperslef, '," POP Mary, eldest daughter of W Efueb,e, fie of Marshfield, Glocestershire . I) I BD. u 0 1 o On the 13th inst. at Broraptou, . I° ' ,4, cli ii f James•street, Adelphi, aged 79. ~ 04 ., 0 , On the 11th inst., Robert lffaYlev, 11/ pavement, aged 84. „ 0 4 "' ,d, On the 9th inst Edward 33 ,• C ainero'l -6P- 1/1 terrace, K.OSnat : E , laEotostqhnr,isnqastig.tae.,rdea,stlw7edep3, i O n . g.o.vroso.oo,:geefk: ; al:pr od: ott On the 11th last ,at Lowestoft 1 of 0 wife of the Rev. F. • Cunningham. the wife , On the 11th inst., Mary Bow le h ClaP t°' I lr Lett Thomson, Esq., of Laura-PlOe' -''' 11' _-- -- 1/0 l' t ____ ---- -- ---- Darfa;lff to:;04r LONDON : Printed and Published by " '7l.- , 00 of No. 11 2 , Strand, Printer at 2is 1 0 strand, in the Precinct of ihe 6 0 0; :lidding; nindoy, ANSO 44 -- anti Itto Lt T ~ ~J ~~ %Ai to • ' bito • S ki Fit I ' l 4 a t, A l %O -,4 1/ let„ 4. 1:44 intt th:. 11 „Tite 4 7" • t the t 1/k tra Nai.lll. ott • it C 4, qtr (11, 4 11 4 km:c 4 ). A 44 / D134 i N P4l *lt . tAttl4 O. ell k l 4b pa 444 th 4 ;4l !IA ! !! Dr e 1 , 44 r ~,b1 41 . t. k„ t , t.,, ttit t , u,~ .k, tr h: "ea 144