The Sun. — London, England, 1849-02-26 00:00:00

IPHE LEGAL TITLE ASSURANCE COMPANY. (Provisionally Registered, January 17, 1849.) Capital, 2,000,0001., in 80,000 Shares, of 251. each. Preliminary Deposit, 2s. 6d. per Share Prospectuses and full information may be obtained at the Tempo rary Offices of the Company, 13A, Cannon-row, Westminster, on ap pal cation to G. F. HOWE, Hon. Sec., pro tern. Now ready at all the Libraries, in 3 vols., R THE NEW NOVEL. OCK IN G H A Mi Or, THE YOUNGER BROTHER. Henry Celburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street. S T. JAMES'S TH TR E. Season 1849. FRENCH PLAYS and OPERA COMIQUE. THIS EVENING, The Performances will commence at Eight o'clock precisely, with RICHARD CCEUR DE LION. To conclude with the popular Opera Comique, entitled CONCERT A LA COUR. Mr. Mitchell begs also to announce that, notwithstanding the in creased expenses of the present entertainment, the prices of admis lion are det - ermined .. . . ned as follows: Is. Od. Pit • • • • • • • • • • 3s. Od. Amphitheatre .. • • • • • • 2s. Od. Subscriptions for the season may be arranged at Mr. Mitchell's Royal Library, 33, Old Bond-street ; Mr. Sams', St. James's-street ; Mr. Andrew?, New Bond-street ; and at the Box-office of the Theatre, which is open daily from eleven till eve. THEATRE ROYAL, HAYMARKET. Mr. B. Webster, Sele Lessee and Manager, Old Brompton. The public Is respectfully Informed that this Theatre has, during the recess, undergone very extensive repairs and alterations and the whole re decorated. THIS EVENING, Will be peformed OTI4LLO. After which a CONCERT. To conclude with THE PIS DE FASCINATION. Michael Brow sky, Mr. Keeley; Katherine Kioper, Mrs. Keeley. THEATRE ROYAL, ADELPHI. Under the direction of Madame Celeste. During the Recess this Theatre has been entirely re-decorated, the Original designs by Digby Wyatt, Bali , executed by Mr. Sang. A new Stage, Curtain, Act Drop, and Chandelier. An approved sys tem of Ventilation, &c., &c. The Private Boxes enlarged, Backs Added to the Seats, and Stalls rendered mere comfortable. THIS EVENIN 4 Will be performed COCKNEYS IN CALIFORNIA. After which, the original Drama, called HARVEST HOME. Principal characters by Messrs. H. Hughes, Lambert, Wright, P. Bedford, 0. Smith, Madame Celeste, Miss Woolgar, Mrs. Frank Matthews. Miss Turner, &c. To conclude with JOHN JONES. Guy Goodluck, Mr. Lambert ; Eliza Melton, Miss E. Chaplin. ROYAL LYCII.UM THEA'CRE. under the Management of Madame Vestrla. Sole Lessee. Mr. Charles Mahe THIS EVENING Will be performed SHAVE YOU DIRECTLY. After which, a new Fairy Extravaganza, entitled THE KING OF THE PEACOCKS. Characters by Messrs. Harley, John Reeve, Selby, H. Hail, Marshall, and 11. Marshall ; Miss Kathleen Fitzwil- Kam,• Miss L. Howard, Mrs. Macnamara, Miss Marshall, Miss L. Marshall, Miss Coleman, and Madame Vestris. Te conclude with UnED UP. Dress isoxes, 55.; Upper Boxes, 4s. ; Pit, 2s ; Gallery, Is. No balf-price to any part of the house. The Sew Loa-office, No. 2, WeWngtor. street, is open to the ry day, from TGn till Six. PRINCESS'S THEATii. Mr. J. M. Maddox, Sole Lessee and ' , tanager. During the Recess this Theatre has been re-decorated and embel lished In a superb and costly manner ty Mr Ilurwitz. A new Chan delier has been fitted, and the best arran men ts have been made for the due Ventilation of the Theatre, and the connort and convenience of the audience. THIS EVENING, Will be performed a new Ballad Opera, entitled ROBIN GOOD FELLOW. Characters by Messrs. Charles Braham, Weiss, Honey, C. Fisher; Miss Poole, Miss G. Smithson, Miss Kenworthy, Mrs. Weiss, and Miss E. Stanley. To conclude with a new grand Pantomime, entitled BLUFF ZING HAL; or, Harlequin and 111 ( Charmed Arrow. Harlequin, Mr. Bologna; Pantaloon, Mr. Paul*; Clown, Mr. Flexmore ; Sprite, Mr. De Barr; Columbine, Miss Fawcett. ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE. Proprietor, Mr. W. Batty. Under the Patronage of her Majesty the Queen, his Royal Highness Prince Albert, &c. Mr. Batty respectfully announces that he has entered into an en gagement with the celebrated American Equestrian Young Hernan dez, who has just arrived in this country, and whose talent has gained fur him the title of the first rider in the world, He will make his first appearance on Monday, March sth. Tills EVENINti, The curtain will rise at a Quarter to Seven o'clock precisely to the magnificent Spectacle, by Fitzball. entitled CORA SCO ; or, the Warrior's Steed. To ha followed by an inimitable display of SCENES DT THE CIRCLE, supported by the first Equestrian talent of the day. To conclude with a romantic Melodrama. Box-office open from Eleven till Five. stage Manager, Mr. W. West. THE WEATHER.—SUN OFFICE. FEBRUARY 25. TII7.IOIOAETER, Lowest, 36; Highest, 46, Noon, 48. BAROMETER, 29.58. WIND S.W.—rain, thunder and lightning, with showers of hail, and occasional sunshine. Evening—heavy rain, which continued during the night. FEBRErARY 26. THERMOMETE2, Lowest, 36; Higher: t, 48; Noon, 44, BAROMETER, 29.68. WIND N.N.W.—The barometer has risen 25 points since eight o'clock this morning. Afternoon, fine. ti IGIJ WATER AT LONDON BKID(4E. Tuts DAY —Morning, 2 min. after 4 I Evenin, 22 min. after 4 To-Mosaow—Morning, 41 min. after 4 I Evening, 0 min. after I ~..._ . „ ',•,,. ~ ,1i ,, , ',,'. ,-,,,,,'.11::„..,,,,, " • 4101,‘ , .k.1;.1 "4101" lk ,-.LII-'''-r ,- it, '', ',..3 7 , • ,-. ' • o• v ' CINI"' - wlO4 4,, Vat - wing LONDON, MONDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 1849. The injustice and inequality of our fiscal system is palpable to every one who directs his attention to the subject. The heaviest burdens are imposed upon those least able to sustain them. The hardworking operative, whose only capital is his labour, is com pelled to devote a considerable portion of his scanty eareings towards the support of the national estab lishments and the liquidation of the national debt. If we consider the Customs tariff, we find that cheap and inferior articles imported for the use of the poorer clasies are taxed to the same extent as the best quali ties of, perhaps, ten times their intrinsic value. The just and equitable principle of ad valorem duties is excluded. It is said, indeed, that it would occasion some inconvenience and trouble to the Custom-house officers, and hold out temptations to fraud, and that, therefore, it is more expedient to have fixed and equal import duties. But is there no fraud upon the miserable sempstress, whose bohea, originally worth 4d. per pound, is taxed 2s. 24,, or about 800 per cent, on its value, while the finest gunpowder or the highest flavoured pekoe that smokes on the breakfast-table of the no bility pays only the same 2s. 2id, per pound, or about 60 per cent. on its value. The same inequality is perceptible throughout the entire system. It is no less conspicuous in the direct than in the indirect imposts. Every description of income is taxed alike, without reference to the source from whence it is derived or the manner in which it may be obtained :—The professional man, who toils to earn a decent maiLtenance for himself and f amily, whose income is of a very precarious character, dependent on his continued health, ability, and a variety of other contingencies, who must set aside a considerable portion thereof to provide for a period when he may be unable to obtain employment, and also for premiums of insurance, that some provi sion may be made for his family when the father and provider is removed by death, must pay as large a per tentage on that income as the fundholder on his dividends from Consols —the enter prising merchant, who views the danger of losing his entire capital, and who, besides providing for future days, shou ld apply a portio n o f hi s profits to guard against bad debts and losses on other transactions, must contribute as large a proportion of those profits, without any deduction or drawback being allowed, as the wealthy landowner out of the rents of his broad acres—the prudent tradesman who isittends closely to his shop, as much as the mortgagee, who receives his interest without trouble or risk. In other words, incomes not worth two years'.-purchase, which would not be considered a marketable security if a temporary loan should be required, must contribute as largely as an income 'arising from accumulated and realised pro perty, worth twenty-eight or thirty years' purchase. The disproportion is almost as conspicuous as that of the same duty being levied on the bohea of the washerwoman and the hyson of the peeress. The feeling in favour of great and comprehensive measures of fiscal and financial reform has spread throughout the entire nation. The eyes of the middle and hUmbler classes—of those who constituted the spe cial constables of the 10t14 of April last—of those who atipresent bear the pressure of taxation, are at length opened to the iniquities of the present system. They have determined that the national revenue shall henceforward be collected fairly and equitably, and that it shall be distributed economically. They will nJ longer sanction or tolerate the profligate and wasteful expenditur e or the gross jobbing which have been so ably exposed in all their naked enormity by the valuable labours of the Liverpool Financial Reform Association, and the other influential so cieties that have sprung up in so m any districts. They have been taught by the proceedings of the Atiti-Corn-lavv League bow such reforms are to be attained, such victories achieved. It is by peaceful and constitutional agitation—by sound reason and unanswerable arguments. Truth is on their side, and they must be successful if they use their power wisely and discreetly. The Honourable Member for the West Riding of If from the preliminary flourish of trumpets of the reactionary press, we may judge of the object of the motion for tapers relating to the bombardment of Messina, of which Mr. BANYES has given notice for to-morrow night that object is to set up the testi mony of General FILANGERI, Prince of Satriano, on the subject of the alleged cruelties committed during the course of that bombardment, against the testimony of Admirals PARKER and BAUDIN, and to endeavour to make it appear that the mere general denial of the accused General FILANGERI, as con , taine,d in his letter to Mr. TEMPLE and in his speech in the Neapolitan Chamber of Peers, is a sufficient answer to the specific charges which have been brought against him, but of which he has not taken the least notice either in his letter or in his speech ; albeit it is only by condescending to particular charges that a general charge, such as that brought against the Prince of SATRIANO, can be either sustained or refuted. The general charge is, that the military operations carried on against Messina in the month of September last by the Neapolitan troops, under the command iiof General FILANGERI, were conducted with a "ferocity and brutality of which history offers no example." This charge is supported by the evidence of Admiral Sir WILLIAM PARKER (who, in his dispatch to Lord NAPIER, uses the very words we have quoted) and of Admiral BAUDIN, who were present during the whole of those operations, corroborated by the evidence of those who brought forward specific charges, to not one of which spe cific charges so brought forward has General FILAN GERI ventured to give a specific denial. He has contented himself with giving a general denial to the generel charge. In his letter to Mr. TEMPI.; of the Ist Feb. 1849, he says— "I am unable to approach that part of your Excel lency's dispatch which refers to the conduct of my troops at Messina, without the deepest regret that your Excel lency should have been induced to make so unqualified an assertion relating to their conduct as you have thought it right to do, without, in the opinion of the undersigned, being in possession of satisfactory evidence on the sub ject. M. de Rayneval, in his note to Prince Cariati of the 10th September, attributes these barbarities, as your Excellency is pleased to call them, to both parties; but your Excellency has thought it becoming, through Prince Cariati, to address to myself, as charged by his Majesty with the affairs of Sicily, a distinct accusation that the soldiers I have the honour to command had not conducted hostilities according to the usual practice of civilized nations; and your Excellency has added, that bad the attack been solely directed against armed oppo nents, instead of being equally aimed at the extermina tion of the unresisting and helpless inhabitants, her Ma • jesty's naval commanders would probably have preserved their neutral position. These charges coming from your Excellency, carry with them a degree of gravity which they would not possess if proceeding from other sources, and I felicitate myself that very shortly an opportunity will be given to me, in my place as a Peer in Parliament, of distinctly showing the world, and your Excellency in particular, that the error in which your Excellency has tallen is as serious as the accusation you direct against my officers and soldiers is unfounded. I shall content myself, therefore, on this occasion, by asserting to your Excellency, that the N ea p o lit an orces under my com mand would be unworthy of the name of soldiers if such had been their conduct, and your Excellency will, doubt less, believe, that after a service of 40 years, and some experience of the duties devolving on a commander, I 4111 incapable oc permitting the atrocities which have been by some persons communicated to your Excellency wit ti so much industrious calumny." A few days afterwards General FILANGERI gave his promised explanation in the Chamber of Peers, _ _ and his denial is couched in the following termg:: " The pretended acts of unheard-of cruelty with the commission of which the Neapolitan troops have been reproached, are, alas ! contained in the catalogue of acts committed in all wars, acts cf which I myself have been witness on the fields of battle of Austerlitz and of Jena, at the sieges of Burgos and Saragossa, where I had the honour to command in the glorious ranks of the French army." lie then proceeds to describe the operations of the Neapolitan army, which ended in the capture of Messina, and alludes generally to the horrible cruelties which he alleges the inhabi- tants of Messina committed on his suldiers, which general accusation can of course be only met by a general denial. From his description of those opera- :ions it appears— " The troops had to fight the it way for two mile. through convents, country houses, and gardens, fortified against them; the walls loopholed,the windows stuffed with mattraases, the very roofs pierced for the rifle. There were barricades protected by deep fosses, and numerous artillery in every street of the city and its suburbs. Their foe was everywhere invisible but deadly, and mines exploded under their feet. They could not advance a step without dislodging from the houses, con verted into fortresses, not the peaceable inhabitants, but the enemy. At such a time the Neapolitans conld do nothing but fight. Neither leisure nor safety allowed of any wanton act. To iloiter, to disperse, to leave th ranks, was to die. In an obstinate fight which lasted near thirty hours, and in which the royal forces lost 46 officers and 1,023 men, the soldier bad too much to do to employ himself in acts of brutal and useless cruelty." As a proof of the perpetration of the alleged cruel ties by the Messinese, he says--" In penetrating into the city the Neapolitans recognised the dead bodies of their comrades horribly mutilated." Row does this tally with his previous statement ? If his troops were fired on from every Window and every roof, if every house was pierced with loopholes from which every andery an incessant shower of bullets was kept up upon the Neapolitan troops, if numerousvomig fire artillery r ea nd smoke street were constantly vomiting shot, if mines were constant l y ex p lodin g und er their feet, surely the cloud of smoke must hav2 been so the Neapolitan troops to have recognised the muti lated dead bodies of their comrades, more es p eciall y dense as to have rendered it physic all y im p ossible for when we are told, that "to loiter, to disperse , or to leave the ranks was to die." It is manifestly im• possible that both statements can be true. Leaving General FILANQERI and his supporters to reccncile these conflicting statements as best they may, let us proceed to consider the defence which he has offered. He does not venture explicitly to deny that acts of atrocious cruelty were committed, but hz. says that the cruelties committed at Messina were not greater than those committed at Austerlitz, at Jena, at Burgos, and at Saragossa. Austerlitz and Jena were pitched battles, fought in the open country between regular troops; there cannot, therefore, be any analogy :lit•tween Austerlitz or Jena and Messina ; INLBurgos and Saragossa are cases in point. At PM - - places atrocities were committed by the be ers on the helpless, and, until the Commence- Yorkshire will this evening snhmit to the House of ment of atrocities ; nnresis'iT'v Comm .‘xpoZen(.y Of taking steps L , 'lit,th 3t ttthosP Burgc, , and at S reduce the annual expenditure, with all prat from lie general concurrence of 411 11,-, hi ,t -ticable speed, to an amount not exceeding rians of the Peninsular war, and from the concurrent the sum, which within the last fourteen tstimony of all the officers, English, German, Spanish, years has been proved to be sufficient for the main- and Portuguese engaged in that war) hostilities were tenance of the security, honour, and dignity of the not conducted according to the practice of civilized nation. He has thus raised the banner of economy nations, and by adopting the precedents of Burgos and retrenchment, and has inscribed thereon " The and Saragossa, as applicable to the case of Messina, Expenditure of 1835," in accordance with the pledge General FILANGERI in fact pleads guilty to the whole contained in his well-known budget of the 18th charge. As well might a man, arraigned on a charge December last. Although we do not believe that of murder, plead the precedents of TaunTELL and reductions to that extent are immediately practicable, COURVOISIER as a justification. for the reasons we have repeatedly set forth, we It is worthy of remark, that throughout his de must acknowledge the valuable results of the agita- fence General FILANGERI has most artfully made it tion, which has already led to many important appear that it is against his soldiers, rather than reductions, and which will undoubtedly produce fur- against himself, that these charges have been made; ther fruits. But great as may be the present saving, and that the accusation against him is merely that he there can be no guarantee for its permanence, no real permitted the perpetration of atrocities ; whereas the relief to the industrious classes, until the system of real charge is that he not only permitted but ordered indirect taxation is altogether abolished, until our the perpetration of the greater number of these atro trade is indeed free and unrestricted in the most ex- cities, as will appear from a consideration of the tensive signification of the phrase. When our ports specific charges brought against him—charges are freely opened to the navies of the world, when which, if untrue, are easily disproved, but the produce of other lands may be freely to no one of which has General FILANGERI ven brought to our shores without let or hindrance, tured to give a specific denial. The first charge is, to be exchanged for our own manufactures, that after the city of Messina had surrendered to the when no duties are levied either for the purposes of Neapolitans, and after the white flag had been hoisted, protection or of revenue—then, indeed, we shall have the bombardment was wantonly continued for eight given the best security for the maintenance of uni- hours until the city was utterly destroyed. To versal peace and tranquillity, and our armaments may this specific accusation General FILANGERI does not be reduced, and that materially. venture any specific denial. Will his advocates in The Liverpool Association bas exhibited a thorough this country venture to do for General FILANGERI knowledge of this great fact. Much as economy is that which he has not ventured to do for himself? to be desired, a sound system of taxation i 3 even more We may judge of the effects of the bombardment essential. Why, however, should either object be from the following proclamation issued by General lest sight of for a moment ? May we not at the same FILANGERI'S own officer on the 12th September : time endeavour to effect an alteration in the mode " NO. 19.—PROCLAMATION OF THE SYNDIC OF MESSINA. as well as in the amount of taxation. The questions " Whereas the Syndic of this town is charged with providing lodgings for the troops, and whereas there are are intimately connected together, and may b e s i mu l onl a small number of disposable hab, most taneously agitated. The eloq uen t s p eec h es a t the them y having been burned or destroyed, the Syn itations dic requires of late monthly meeting of the Liverpool Association all citizens who are absent, and whose houses are closed, were all directed to fiscal as well as to economical to re-enter Use town, or to direct trustworthy persons to reforms. The society has e li c it e d th e s t ronges t evi open the houses, and to a id i n th e f u lfil ment o f t hi s im portant part of the King's service. dente that there is " a very great force of public " The Syndic reckons on the readiness of all good opinion in favour of direct taxation," and they will citizens to obey his appeal, and hopes that they will not not abandon the greatest and m os t i m p or t an t o f th e force him to have recour se to rigorous measures. objects for which the As soc i a ti on was f orme d, and Messina," The Syndicl2 , , " Marquis DE CASSIBILE. Sept. for the attainment of which it has laboured so zeal Is it true, aye or no, that the bombardment was ously and indefatigably. continued for eight hours after the surrender of the city ? Will the defenders of General FILANGERI join issue on this point ? To one other charge, and to one other charge only, will we allude for the present, a charge which General FILIANGERI has not ventured to deny, and the truth of which is corrobo rated by the manner in which his defenders in this country have distorted it in order to be able to give it the appearance of a denial. A writer who has de clared himself openly the advocate of the King o; NAPLES, in describing the charges brought against General FILANGERI, to which his defence is alleged to be a triumphant answer, speaks of "the lame, the sick, and the infirm taken from the hospitals and butchered." This is very much like swearing by the card; the real accusation is that " the wounded were burnt in the hospital of which they (the Neapolitans) shut the doors." This is not the charge of an anonymous writer recklessly brought forward to round a period ; it is a grave accusation delibe rately made by M. AMARI, Member of the Sicilian Parliament, in his work entitled "La Sicile et Les Bourbons," published during the present year in Paris. The words of M. Amax' are, " Les blesses furent brulis dans r Hopital dont on ferma les porter." Such a specific charge, so supported, ought, if unfounded, to have been at least specifically denied. It has not been denied, and therefore the conclusion is that no denial can be given to it. Again, we ask the de fenders of General FILANGERI to join issue—ls it, true, aye or no, that the wounded were burned in the hospitals, the doors of which were closed by the troops of FILANGERI ? Is it or is it not according to the usual practice of civilised nations to burn the wounded in the hospitals ? Upon the answers to these questions we are willing to rest the whole of the Messina controversy. On the forenoon of the 26th of February, 1848, the Provisional Government appeared before the people on the esplanade in front of the Hotel de Ville, and M. DE LASIARTINE in their name declared s' Royalty is abolished I The Republic is pro claimed !" To-day is the anniversary of that memor able occurrence. In the interval of twelve months, how rapid have been the vicissitudes of Princes ! how vast has been the progress of Democracy ! A merely cursory glance over the dominions of the Eu ropean Continent will show that the greatest poet and the greatest prose-writer of the last generation were both of them prophetic ; and that although BERON came not from CUMWS, nor CHATEAURRIAND from Aropios, their pages afford as keen a view into futu rity as ever did the leaves of the Pagan Sybil. One of these men asserted that kings' days were coming to an end. The other maintained that the regeneration of society, politically, socially, and intellectually, was no longer chimerical ; that it depended for its development neither upon the paradoxes of ROUSSEAU nor upon the fanaticism of ROBESPIERRE ; but that it had become a necessity which mankind would, of its own accord, accomplish. They were laughed at for their prophe cies —and yGt those prophecies are already beholding their fulfilment. The assertions of Byaori and of CIIATEAUBRIAND are receiving the corroboration of events even before the first half of the nineteenth century has been completed. A brief enumeration of some of the most conspicuous of those events will be sufficient to prove at once the glorious and irresistible advancement of democratic ideas and the twofold accuracy of the English bard and the French ro mancist. Since the Republic of France was proclaimed by LAMARTINI on the 26th of last February, kings and nations have experienced the force of the prin ciples which were then announced and accepted by the Parisians. A Republic has been proclaimed at 'Venice : and the glories of that Sidon of the Adriatic have seemed to revive in the exhumation of its independence. A Republic has been proclaimed at Rome : and men have already begun to anticipate the liberties which were once the prerogatives of the citizens of that great capital. A Republic has been proclaimed at Florence : and the recollections which surrounded the ancient build ings, the galleries, and libraries of the Tuscan metro polis, are again calling to mind the days when CELLINI and DA VINCI flourished under the municipal admi nistration of the Mamcfs. Hungary has risen in arms under BEM and Kos to reconquer her nationality from the hands of her German oppressors. Nor are their heroic efforts yet terminated, although opposed by the colossal army of WINDISCHGRATZ and the barbarian cohorts of JELLACHICH. Sicily has declared her determination to enjoy the rights and blessings of her insular independence : and, although up to the present time the patriotic wishes of RUGGIERO SETTIMO have to a considerable extent been thwarted, it is certain that the con stitutional privileges of the Sicilians will be rescued in the end from the grasp of the tyrannical Bourbon. The cruelties inflicted upon the unfortunate population of Messina during the late warfare—cruelties which are indisputable, notwith standing the quibbles of FILANGERI—WiII recoil upon the execrable and execrated SOVEREIGN of the Nea politans in the final emancipation of the country of ARCHIMEDES and THEOCRITUS. Bavaria has compelled an old and contemptible vo luptuary to resign the crown which he had degraded by his licentiousness; and has elevated to the throne a Prince free from his vices, and less pledged to the continuance of a system which years have rendered not only pernicious, but absolutely impracticable. Austria has, by a succession of revolutions, hurled AIETTERNICH from authority, and driven FERDINAND to abdication : and, by so doing, the inhabitants of Vienna have liberated themselves from the incubus of a faineant Emperor, whose imbecility had been rendered a curse to the multitude by the devices of an absolutist states man. Prussia has only been baulked of her renovation through the treachery of her Monarch, who, after making the circuit of political tergiversation, has re turned to his old attitude as a counter-revolutionist. Sardinia has prevented the possibility of any retro gresion on the part of the KING, who, as Prince of CARIGNAN°, revealed such an extraordinary aptitude for apostacy; and she has done this by forcing upon nePirfrince the con,&tent, an m GIOTIE :;witzrlAnii, no ion,4.c ry I^p.'rl, 1 distra,:!..ed by contonik:ns respecting the Sonderhund, has watched with sym pathizing► eagerness the progress of occurrences, on the one side among Germans, and on the other among the Italians, and would willingly have afforded that shelter to BLum which she was more fortunate in bestowing upon MAzzINI. Denmark, while fighting for that province of which she must otherwise have been despoiled, bas been vigorously, though almost imperceptibly, maturing her crude but generously-conceived constitution. Naples has revealed by the atrocities perpetrated in her streets by the soldiers and the lazzareni that the will of a nation can only be rendered subservient to that of a despot through the medium of the bloodiest catastrophes. Spain has, in like manner, testified by her recent history that arbitrary government produces not only disgrace in the capital, but insurrectionary outbreaks in the provinces. On either side of the great continent—as if to pre serve the equilibrium of Europe--as if to give to ci vilization the equipoise of barbarity—England, the most free, and Russia, the most despotic, of all the powers of the earth, have remained impassive spectators of the strife and commotions which have raged between them. Is there not, we ask, in these marvellous deeds which have been accomplished in the European do minions, ample reason for our exultation at the pro gress of democracy, since the With of last February ? Have we not sufficient subject for rejoicing in those remarkable triumphs of the popular cause ? And who shall say that, compared with the Absolutists, the Democrats have not evinced a singular union of leniency, virtue, and self-denial ? With a few la mentable exceptions—exceptions ever to be deplored by all true lovers of freedom—how pure has not the cause of Democracy emerged from the strug gle when contrasted with the relentless, malignant, and bloodstained cause of Absolutism 1 While the one has been covered with ineffaceable infamy by the cruelties of JELLACUICIS, by the massacres of WIN.. DISCHGRATZ, by the spoliations of RADETZKY, by the treachery of FREDERICK WILHELM, by the corrup tions of the QUEEN-MOTHER at Madrid, and by the superhuman butcheries of the reigning SOVEREIGN of Naples—the other has, in all but a few melancholy and miserable instances, preserved the dignity of its character untarnished by a crime. It was thus that France becams a Republic without a crime, that Venice became a Republic without a crime, that Hungary declared its independence without a crime, and that the Danes and the Spaniards have drawn their swords against the enemies of their free nationality without rendering themselves objects of execration to the rest of the civilized world. Such has been the fate of Absolutism and such the progress of Democracy since—one year ago—royalty in France was declared to be abolished by the voice of LAMARTINE. LONDON, THE SUN, MONDAY EVENING, THE FREINUB REPUBLI W We have rec e i ve d th e P ar is journals of Saturday and those of yesterday. The celebration of the anniversary of the revolution of February had passed off without the least appear ance of disturbance, although the streets were crowded during the whole of the day. From an early hour the strains of military music were heard from the different corps as they were proceeding to their respective destinations. The weather was tine, though the morning rose in clouds and mist, as if na ture had also put on her mourning for the martyrs of the revolution, but when the roar of the cannon an nounced that the funeral service was over, and that the Te Deum had commenced, the sun suddenly burst forth and the clouds rolled away—a happy omen, so thought many who assisted at the solemnity of the future destiny of the Republic. The following wa s the order of the ceremonial. At 9 o'clock the repre sentatives assembled together in the Salon de la Pre sidence of the National Assembly ; and exactly at half-past nine o'clock they, with their president, vice-presidents, and secretaries at their head, put themselves in motion, and, the greater part on foot and decorated with the tricolor sash, edged with gold fringe, which they wore from right to left, and the rosette also, the distinguishing mark of a deputy, worn at the left buttonhole, they proceeded at a slow pace to the church. They mounted the steps bareheaded, and, guided by the masters of ceremonies, took their places as prescribed in the programme. The whole of the way through which the representatives passed,—namely, the Pont de la Concorde, the Place de la Concorde, and the Rue de la Concorde, were lined with troops and National Guards alternately, and of whom a considerable number were stationed towards the Tuileries and the extremity of the Rue de Rivoli. From the Place de la Concorde to the Church of the Madeleine, to the right and left, extended a series of lofty pedestals, supporting each a tripod, from which shot forth a sombre flame. Similar pedestals were placed at each of the four angles of the Pont de Ia Concorde. The Place de Ia Concorde had special symbols of mourning. FrOrn the centres of the four compart ments into which the place is divided sprung into the air four lofty masts, from which, but less than half way up, floated, in sign of mourning, the colours of the Republic, but veiled with a mourning crape. The moment the representatives of the people had assumed their places in the church an express dispatched to the Palais Elysie informed the PRESIDENT of the Republic of the fact; and in a few moments the roll of carriage wheels and the trampling of horses' feet in the direction of the Rue St. Honors, told that the only one whose presence was wanting to complete the assemblage was fast approaching. The troops that lined the streets along the Rue Faubourg St. Honors and the Rue Royale presented arms, and the carriage of Louis NAPOLRON was seen coming along, escorted by a troop of Dragoons. The cry of Vive le PRESIDENT " then arose, and was borne along, each moment gathering new strength, until he arrived at the steps of the church. He descended from his carriage, accom panied by a single aide- de-camp, and mounted the steps bareheaded, when he was received by the Cure of the Madeleine and his clergy. The PRESI DENT was dressed in the unifor m of a general officer of the National Guard, and wore the riband and Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour. The Archbishop of PARIS officiated. The funeral service having been completed, the joyful Te Deum burst forth, chaunted by the whole choir, accompanied by the organ and the militar). At that instant all present rose, the mourning veils which had up to that moment hid from view the architectural beauties of the church were suddenly withdrawn, and instead of the scen e o f mourning, there were fl oo d s of light, of incense, and of sound. The effect was electric. The service lasted about two hours ; it began at ten o'clock, and at twelve the troops and National Guards, whose offices were required only during the service, were on their way to their respective quarters. In every street in the vicinity of the Madeleine, the National Assembly, and the Palais Elysee, troops were stationed. From the Chaus;Sa d'Antin to the Madeleine the armed force was particu larly strong; and groups were not allowed to pro ceed further than the Rue Louis le Grand, at the entrances of which barricades of soldiers were stationed. The only relaxation in this rule was where single persons stated that they resided in the space between that point and the Boulevard de la Madeleine. A battalion of the ith of the Line was also stationed in the Avenue de Marigny, close to the Palais Elysee ; and a strong force was also observed at both extremities of the Rue St. Florentin. A considerable force occupied the space between the garden of the Tuileries and the Place de Ia Concorde; and the gates of the garden facing the place, as those on the side of the Rue de Rivoli, as far as the Cha teau, were closed. The interior of the gardens was also occupied by troops and National Guards. A part of the Champs Elysees was similarly guarded, and much attention seemed to be paid to the streets in rear of the Madeleine. There were partial illuminations in the evening. The Constitutionnel says it has reason to believe that the statement of Count COLLOREDO having de- dared at Brussels that he has orders not to assist at conferences on the affairs of Italy, unless a previou s declaration be mad e b y all the diplomatists in the na me of their respective Governments, that the bases of the treaties of 1815 will be respected, is unfounded. A c . cording to the Constitutionnel, what M. COLLOREDO said was, that Austria would not consent to any changes of territory without the concurrence of th e Sovereigns who w ere part i es t o the treaties of Vienna. ICI D'ALTON SAFE was set at liberty on Friday, I e has addressed tha following letter to the journals : I was arrested o n the morn i ng of the 30th ult. on a warr a nt from tho Prefect of Police, under a charge of conspiracy tending to exc it e c i v il war, distributlnn of arms, &c. Yesterday, the 22d, I was set at liberty, in consequence of its being found that the charge was un founded. As I have already stated, the seizere and examination of all my papers could not fur nish the authorities with any document of a sukpicieus character. After twenty-four days' re,earches, tLey have not been at - de to produce a single witness, or to discover a single accomplice, The Ministry have announced in the Chamber and in its journals the exi:iteuce of a Socialist plot, which had been thwarted FEBRUARY 26, 1849 ,~ {• ~_ , (1 , •: , 2r r'• , ' • 1~ ~ ~ Z;iR iti'. , ilT;ry ,;.ri:t,l 46111 aerist.i iiree liberations; in a word—nothing. The representatives of the people will, in their turn, have a duty to perform A Committee has un,ler consideration a proposition for. an inquiry into the events of January 29. To•morrow, perhaps, the discuision will take place. Let not the National Assembly be afraid to examine whether there was a conspiracy, and who are the guilty parties. To arrive at a knowledge of the truth, it will neither require preventive arrests nor difficult investigation; it will only have to induce certain of its Members to speak, and the others to listen." The President of the High Court of Justice (M. BERENGER) has published officially in the Moniker a decree ordaining that the trial of the authors and accomplices of the attempt of May,ls, shall commence at Bourgfs, on Wadoesdity, March 7. The Bourse was closed on Saturday. The Five per Cents. declined yesterday in the Passage de I'Opera to 83f. 20c. ; they subsequently recovered, and closed at 83f. 60c." BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT TUE LONDON STOCK-EXCHANGE, FEB. 24. Boulogne and Amiens, n —Central France (Orleans and Vierzon), 1214—Dutch Rhenish, I—Luxembourg 2 ex in.—Namur and Liege, 9 1 4—Northern of France, 10 1 4 — Orleans and Bordeaux, 4 1 4—Paris and Orleans, 34—Paris and Rouen, 21 ex div.—Paris and Strasbourg, 3%—Rouen and Havre, 13 1 4 Sambre and Meuse, 5 1 4—Tours and Nantes, 2%. SPAIN. Madrid journals of the 19th have arrived. It is said that NARVAZZ himself is about to proceed to Catalonia in order to measure his strength against that of the redoubtable CABRERA, who appears to have baffled CONCIIA as completely as he had previ ously baffled PAVIA and CORDOVA. MADRID BOLSA, FEB. 19.—Five per Cents., ; Three per Cents. 22i for account. Exchange on London, 49 40. PORTUGAL. By the Peninsular and Oriental Company's steam ship Pacha, which arrived at Southampton yesterday, we have received intelligence from Lisbon to the 19th. The Government has succeeded in contracting for a loan of 180 contos (three fourths in bullion and the remainder in notes) with the Bank of Portugal. It is rumoured that SALDANHA is likely to resign, in hich case it is probable TERCEIRA will be called on to form a Ministry. The price of funds was nominal ; there were no purchasers. GIBRALTAR. Accounts from Gibraltar are to the 16th. Sir R. WILSON left Gibraltar on the 12th instant, in the Polyphemus, for Malaga, where he was most graciously received by th , ? authorities. The new Governor, Sir R. W. GARDNER, landed and was sworn into the government o❑ the 14th, 36 hours after the former left. Two steamers were about to be sent to destroy the boats of the Moorish pirates, from whom the Poly phemus rescued the brig. The EMPEROR having replied that he had no authority over them, Mr. RED MON'S claim on the Government of Morocco, which Sir C. Narmit was sent here to enforce (17,000 dol lars), the EMPEROR left it to the arbitration of two merchants of Gibraltar, Messrs. COWELL and Ross, who reduced it to 10,000 dollars. G E Al A Y AND E NORTHERN STAT ES. AUSTRIA. Accounts have been received from Vienna to the 21st inst. The - Vienn a Gazette, of the 18th, states that Mar shal WELDEN has published a bulletin declaring that a dispatch had been received from Marshal NTJGENT, stating that the garrison of Essegg had capitulated on the 14th, at nine in the morning. The fortress was immediately occupied by the Imperial troops. In it were found 614 pieces of cannon of every size, 2,000 quintals of gunpowder, considerable stores, and 34,000 florins. Marshal WELDEN has also pub• lished the 43d bulletin of the army of operations in Hungary. From this bulletin it appears that General GLASEW had driven the enemy from Altarad. After an obstinate combat, the batteries raised on the right bank of the Marot against the fortress were de stroyed, and '23 pieces of cannon taken. Altarad was then bombarded from the fortress. Marshal SCHILK had joined the brigade of General GOaTI, and taken up a position near Torna to attack the insurgents in flank. Mrshal SCILLTZIG had taken up position near Miskoloz, with a considerable body of troops. The same journal states that large masses of Rus sian troops are moving from the interior of Russia to the frontiers of Gallicia, and to Moldavia and Wal lachia. The Breslau Gazette states, in rather a positive menner, that the town of Szegedin, situated in the heart of Magyar Hungary, has surrendered to the Imperial army, which has levied a war contribution on the inhabitants of half a million of florins. The • Ban JELLACHICH had his head-quarters at Szolnok, and every preparation was being made to strike a great blow. Accounts to the 12th instant had been received at Pesth, from Debreczin. MESSAROS was still Minister of War, and KossuTH more fanatic than ever. .illesAaos has written to Prince WINDISCII.- GRITZ to say that he would defend himself to the last extremity, and would die rather than surrender. Since the proclamation of Prince WINDISCIF. GRATZ on the subject of sending supplies to KOSSUTH, 60 vehicles, containing mili tary stores, proceeding towards Debreczin, had been seized. No official accounts had been received from Transylvania. It was reported at Vienna that the capture of Cronstadt by the Szeklers had been attended with scenes of horror, such as could not have been looked for in our day. Another report speaks of the capture of General BEM, and of the de feat of his corps. The University of Pesth will, it is said, be transferred to Tyrnau, and its superior tri bunal to Presburg. JELLACHICH, who is out of favour with the Ku PEROR, is, it is said, about to abandon the Imperial cause and to rouse the Crostiws and Sclayonians, with a view to form an independent kingdom. W IN DISCUGRATZ, who is himself a Magnate of Hungary, has protested against the Ministerial scheme of cen tralization, and declines to continue in the command of the troops should the Ministry persevere in their scheme. The Minister Enucs. has been dispatched to Pesth to pa , ,ify him. It is said that the Court of Olinutz and 180 of the Magnates of Hungary have simultaneously applied to the Archduke STEPHEN to act as Mediator in the Hungarian affairs. It was rumoured in Paris yesterday that fearful troubles had broken out in Vienna, and that the German troops and the Croats were fighting against each other in the street.. The rumour did not, how. ever, wain extensive crndit. A letter from Vienna, of the lgth, states that the Austrian army in Italy had received orders to enter Tuscany and the Pontificial States. OFFICIAL ACCOUNT OF THE ENTRANCE OF THE RUSSIANS INTO TRANSYL VANIA. An extraordinary supplement of the Wiener Zei tnng, of the 21st, contains news from the seat of war in Transylvania, to the effect that after the engage ment which General PUCHNER had with the Hungarians at Hermanstadt on the 21st instant, his communications with the Banat and the city of Carls burgh were cut off, and the country around was de tasted by the Hungarian insurgents, who made a deal of booty. which they carried to their head-quarters at Klausenburg. The devastation of the country acted at once on the towns which were held by the Imperialists, and where soldiers and inhabitants alike were suffering from want of food. The inhabitants of these towns (for the most part Saxons) were moreover threatened by the guerilla warfare of the Szeklers, and they appealed to the Russian General LUDERS, who occupied the Wallachian frontier, for his protection. General PUCHNER, too, cut off as he was from all hopes of reinforcement, and surrounded by the enemy, was hardly pressed to call in the help of the Russians, to save his troops and the population which he was to protect. General PUCIINER saw the necessity of attacking the leader of the Hungarians and Szeklers, General BEM, before that chief's successes could increase the number of his troops, but he was too weak to risk the chances of a battle. Though he had no instructions on this point, General PUCHNER yielded to the urgent necessities of the hour. His determination was ripened by the news of fresh successes which the Szeklers had obtained at Kronstadt, which town they threatened. The Rus sians were consequently sent for to protect the two cities of Hermanstadt and Kronstadt. This was on the first inst. Russian troops, to the number of 6,000, entered Kronstadt that very day, and, on the 4th inst. Hermanstadt was taken possession of by a detachment of 4,000 Russians. The safety of the Saxon capitals being thus provided fur, General PUCHNER was enabled more effectually to oppose the insurgent hordes which pressed him on all sides. Being informed that General BEM intended to lead the Szeklers again against Hermanstadt and that that General's troops were marching from Stolensburg upon Salz burg, General PUCHNER directed the march or his troops upon the latter town, where they arrived early in the morning of the 4th instant, and where they found General BEM'S corps, to the number of 9,000 men, with 29 pieces of artillery, in an advantageous , position in front of the town. General PUCHNER ordered a feigned attack to be made upon the enemy, and he succeeded in inducing General BEM to quit his favourable position and to pursue the Imperial troops to the heights around Herrminstadt. A ge neral attack was then made by the Imperialists and the affair ended with the retreat of part of the , ,3 , 1 1 N t FRANKFORT. THE NEW PRUSSIAN NOTE. Subjoined is a translation in extenso of the new Prussian note, alluded to in a recent number of our journal, and addressed, under date Feb. 16, to the Prussian Plenipotentiary at Frankfort-on-the-Maine : In the circular dispatch of the 23d ult., his Majesty's Government pointed out the way iu which, according to their conviction, a concordance might be arrived at with reference to the constitution under discussion in Frank • fort—a concordance urgently required by the situation of Germany. That way is the coming, on the part of the respective governments, to an understanding as well amongst themselves as with the German National As sembly. The proposition of Prussia had the good fortune to meet with the almost undivided assent of the allied Go vernments ; and the great majority of them d ec l ared in their reciprocal intimations of opinion, as they have ar rived here, that they were ready, through their pleni potentiaries in Frankfort, to enter upon a deliberation in common. Your Excellency is already provided with instruc tions respecting the chief points of view of his Majesty's Government. After the resoluions of the German National Assembly respecting the constitution had, in a duly attested form, reached here through the communi cation made to your Excellency on the 28th ult. by the central minister, the Baron von Gagern, his Majesty's Ministers made it a point of duty to subject them to a careful examination. I am, consequently, enabled to forward to your Excellency the opinions and proposals of alterations resulting from the deliberations in ques tion, in order that you may confer regarding them with the plenipotentiaries of the other Governments, and then lay them before the Central Ministry. It is highly satisfactory for me to discover, by your Excellency's report, that those plenipotentiaries already agree, in the main points, with the deductions arrived at during the previous conferences of your Ex cellency with no inconsiderable portion of the plenipotentiaries irt Frankfurt. The Ministry have laid great stress ou those deliberations, and I am on that account the more justified in indulging in the hope that, at some future conferences, and with the maintenance of the principle enunciated, the joyful fecal of a comprehensive union and understanding will be at tained. Whilst transmitting to your Excellency, by means of special instructions, these suggestions and propositions, I have at present to treat of the points of view which, reeding the arrangement of the important affair in question, have been, and which, moreover, will continue to be, the leading ones for his Majesty's Go v( rnment. Ministers maintain, as their chief principle, that the German constitution can only arrive at a valid conclusion through the fr e concurrence of the Governments con , corned in it. Whilst fully claiming that right for them selves, they equally acknowledge it to be, as they have already declared on a former occasion, one for all the other members of the confederation without exception. Nothing more sincerely or ardently do they desire than that the new constitution of the German Confe , le ration should encompass all the German races with d strong and cordial bond, and form them into a great whole. They are thoroughly convinced that the up holding of the else cennexiou—one cemented by cen turies—between Austria and the remaining portion of Germany is, for both sides, greatly and indispensably necessary. They do not desire the unloosening of that bond, but rather that it be strenthened and confirmed. In that respect (sic in the original) they fully coincide with the sentiments expressed by the Imperial Govern ment in their dispatch (here communicated) of the 4th inst. to their plenipotentiary. Whilst they do not call into question the difficulties which the peculiar rela ions and requirements of the German provinces of the Imperial State, in connexion with those of the entire monarchy, oppose to the con solidating of those relations with regard to the future confederation, his Majesty's Government do not doubt but that a successful solution may be arrived at; and they feel that they are justified, by the contents of the note referred to, in expecting that the Imperial Govern ment will set some positive propositions to that effect before the remaining allied Governments and the Na tional Assembly. His Majesty's Ministers will make it their duty to meet, on their side, such propositions in the spirit already pointed out. It is of course upon those propositions as well as upon the declarations that may be made by other allied Governments which have not yet spoken out, that the ultimate determination of his Majesty's Government will be dependent. Meantime they consider themselves strictly bound to speak, from th e i r p o i n t o f v i ew, respecting the proposed project of constitution. The situation of Germany re quires a speedy decision. All true friends of fatherland recognise the necessity of at last terminating the present uncertain state of affairs, and of establishiug a strong centre of unity on which the weak may lean and around which the elements of support may gather. It is upon that point that hangs the prevention of the entire dise solution of the weaker states, and the destruction of the still vital elements of internal disorder (ever seeking for further progress) as well as the repose and peace of Germany. The satisfying of that requirement cannot be made dependent on uncertain events, nor postponed for an undetermined period. His Majesty's Government will allow no doubt to re main respecting the length to which Prussia is prepared to go towards satisfying that want. They have already freely declared, through his Majesty's proclamation of the 18th of March last, that they would devote their powers to their transformation of the German State Confederation into a confederate state. They have acted in that spirit ever since, and they will continue to do so. Prussia needs not, on its own account, this confederate state. Its greatness, its political consistency, enable it more than most other states in Germany to suffice for itself, and, in case of necessity, to defend itself. It seeks no aggrandisement in power or influence. IF, upon its side, it desires a confederate state, it is for the sake of Germany, not of itself. The sacrifices which it brings to Germany, the burdens which it takes upon itself, it brings and bears for the sake of the community. It is from this point of view his Majesty's Govern ment have examined the project of constitution in ques tion. They are of opinion that, in the main, it contains the principles end the conditions of' a powerful con federate state—one answering the requiremews ef the timi s. The proposed alterati ma, which thil communicate to your Excellency, arise from the conviction that it is advisable. 1. To limit wore the competency of the executive of the confederation, but without that c,m petency to guarantee to it that it shall be privveriailly upheld. 2. To secure as much as possible the existence of the particular states as independent organic mem bers and not to limit them further than is neces.ary for the attaining of the essential conditions for a confederate state. According to the conviction of his Majesty's Govern ment, a centralisation, which should go beyond a confe derate state and lead to a united orw, ought to be alto gether avoided, as being neither necessary nor corre sponding with the real wants of Germany, and also Its being dangerous and obstructing to the work of unity. On the other hand, the Kin .2's Government are also of opinion that the particular princes and states cannot be reasonably asked to give up a considerable portion of their independence, except in favour of a truly strong central executive, which, through powerful protection, obtains the sacrifices which it requires. The King's Government hope that the declarations and propositions which your Excellency will make in their name will be favourably rt c ived by the Governments, and the National Assembly meet with due consideration, and advance the work of investigation. In conformity with the prineip!e set forth at the com mencement, the King's Government reserve to them selves the right of making definite propositions respect ing sections 1,2, and 3 of the first chapter, bearing the title, " The Empire." They are convinced that no ar rangement can be made respecting what territories form the confederate state, until it be first decided what German countries will enter into it. They also hold the conviction that the relations of those portions of the confederation, whose existing connexion with non- German States requires special arrangements, can only he regulated when the particular conditions of their ad mission—a subject which must remuin one for further negotiations —are determined. They hold it to be strictly necessary that no premature decisions, of a na ture to obstruct or exclude the possibility of that union, be arrived at. With regard to the chapter treating of the formation of the supreme execut i ve of the bcconfederate state, an d I bearing the title, the " Supreme Head of the Empire," the King's Government must also refrain from making, for the present, any express declarations, the more espe cially as the decisions of the National Assembly on that point have not led to any final result. They consider that that portion of the constitution is dependent on the declarations and propositions which are to be expected from the confederate Governments which have not yet expressed their,opinions. The points of view from which the King's Government set out have been already alluded to in the circular dispatch of the 23d ult. Whilst his Majesty's Government now make these de clarations respecting the remaining chapters of the con stitution and bring forward their proposals for altera tions, they designate thereby the conditions and limits on and within which they, from their point of view, con sider the confederate state as realisable, and are pre pared to join it. They do rot deny that the still re served explanations of the remainin g Governments may introduce the n ecess i ty o f modifying the work of the con stitution in important points. So far as future negotiations may give rise to such a necessity - , his Majesty's Government have only to draw your Excellency's attervion to the circumstance, that they have given their opinions respecting the project of the constitution as a whole; and that in case important premises, on whbh the whole rests, be removed or mo dified, their final declarations tyill be altered and re served. Your Excellency will make these instructions the ground- of your expsitions %Nith rewire' to the consti tuted question; and I prop° wer you to comtnunie4tt, them to the Pre-ident of the Cen.ral Berlin, Feb. 16. (Signed) BuLow. T. , the Royal Pienip tentiary at the se-,t of Cie Cen r.!l Executive, his Excellency the Minister of State, II vrr Camphausen, Frankfort-on-the -Maine. nuwberot killed and wounded is quoted in the Austria. bulletin as follows : Hungarians killed, 700 wounded and captured, 140. Austrians—killed, 70; wounded 160. General BEM retreated with his troops to the city of Muhlenback, which he barricaded, but which he quitted after being threatened by an attack of the Imperialists, and retired to Szassvaros, from which place he was dislodged with some loss on the 7th instant, and driven upon Deros. I!, () ~ i Die Speech from the Throne, which will be deli vered at the approaching opening of the Diet is now under discussion in the Cabinet. It is conceived in a very conciliatory spirit. The late break between the popular Representatives and the Crown is treated with much moderation; but the German question is taken up very decidedly, and Austria's position to Germany disputed. The Ministers have also decided that the state of siege shall be continued. BAVARIA. MUNICH, FED. 18.—The following letter was read by Count BRAY, Minister for Foreign Affairs, in the sitting of the Chambers yesterday : " Letter from the Bavarian Ambassador (Baron DE CETTO), in London, to Viscount PALMERSTON (Private.) " London Dec. 22, 1848. "My dear Lord Palmerston,--1 called upon you this morning in Carlton gardens, but you had just left, and I was t o ld a t t h e door that you would pro bably be absent a fortnight. This is a very long time, and I therefore take the liberty of telling you in writing what I had proposed telling you by word of mouth. "In regard to the project which has lately been mooted of placing Prussia at the head of the German Union, the report has been spread and appears to have reached Mu nich, that England would not object to such an arrangement, on the supposition that the other Princes of Germany have no objection to give their consent. The consequence of such a pre-supposition are too important to permit us to give grounds, and the KING is anxious that you should be immediately in formed that as far as he himself is concerned it is wholly without foundation. His MAJESTY intends not only not to give his consent in any wise to the said project, but he will no t to l erate the establish ment of an hereditary Imperial Germany in favour of any one, and if this notion, which has been more than once mooted by the Central Committee in Frankfort, ever again make its appearance, the KING will be compelled expressly and decidedly to declare that he is opposed to it. This he is entitled to do by virtue of the guarantees of the treaty signed in Vienna by the Great Powers, and this duty is imposed upon him by the duties which as Prince he has sworn to fulfil. Events in the present day travel with such immense rapidity, I concluded I could not inform you of it one moment too soon, and this it is which has induced me to send you this letter, instead of waiting for your return. As, however, I feel that as yet I am only authorised to communicate with you verbally on this subject, I shall be greatly obliged to you if you will regard what I now write as if it had come from me by word of mouth in the conversation which I should have so had with you had you been in town. " Yours, &c., " VON CETTO." The following extract from a letter from Count BRAY, to the King's Ambassador, Baron CETTO, in London, was then also read : " MuNicx, FEB. 7.—ln reference to the homo geneous project which is propounded at Frankfort, it is in portatit that the erroneous views relating to it, and which, as it appears, have received some credit in London, should not be suffered to exist. As the offer of the Imperial Crown to Prussia is mainly treated of, the KING our master, notwithstanding the intimate bond of friendship which unites him to that power, could not do otherwise than protest against a project which aims at the exclusion of Austria from the Ger man Confederation. This obstacle is, however, not the only one. Neither could there be the slightest notion of referring to the treaties of 1815. The subject now under discussion is a peculiarly national, and domestic affair of Germany; wherefore it is not our intention to suffer any foreign powers, whichever it may be, to meddle with it, and it will therefore suffice that you designate as false tlie pre -supposition of the concurrence to the project of the erection of a unitarian and hereditary central power, of which you have spoken, and against with the majority of the National Assen.bly have since decided. '— Cologns Gazette, Feb. 24. ENMARK AN]) THE DUCHIES. A letter from Copenhagen, of the 12th, states that the Danish Government has proposed a prolongation of the armistice for three months, on the condition that the principle of neutrality established be the basis of the convention of Malmoe. RUSSIA. The Kolner Zeitung has a letter from Posen of th• 21st inst., stating from " an authentic source," that a strong detachment of Russian Guards is on its march to the Vistula, and that it has passed `Vilna. The Russian Guards are not generally employed to form a cordon, or to make part of an army of observation. The Kolner Zeitung adds, that it appears the EMPE- RoR is preparing to rouse himself from his former position of a passive spectator. HANOVER. The resignation of the Ministers has not been accepted by the KING. ITAL Y. The Genoa Gazette of the 2d publishes the protest made by the POPE at Gaeta against the decree of the Constituent Assembly, deposing him from power. The intelligence from Rome is to the 17th instant. On the 14th the Executive Committee no minated the following as Ministers :—MAZZARBLLI, to be Minister of Justice and President of the Council ; AURELIO SAPP', Minister of the Interior; GIOVITO LAZZ XRINI, of Justice ; CARLO Ruscorix, of Foreign Affairs, Gurccrom Finances; STERCINI, Public Works ; POMPLIO DI CAMPELLO, War and Marine. The Prince of CA SINO has been elected Vice- President of the Republic. The Electoral Colleges are convoked for the 11th March, to nominate members for ad the municipalities of the State. In the sitting of the Roman Constituent Assembly of the 13th inst., the Minister STBRBINI, in the name of the Minister of Finance, presented a Bill providing that all ecclesiastical property shall henceforward be long to the State, and that all alienation of the said property, w hether real or movi , able, shall he considered null and void. A projf , ct was s aed by Deputy TAN" TOI to the same effect, but directing aiso that proper provision slr,uld he lii ;1& for the support of public wors , :tp. and tiw. I he f tier Cuur h ,hail be gran ed to agricuiturists upon a ground rent. The first and third :,rtivies of the Ministerill measures were voted by urgency ; the remainder, with au counter project, were sent to the committees. • . Citoorai ) us unannieiusiy adopted the fol lowing Add ress i n reply to the Speech from the Throne : " Sire,--The Second Chamber of the States General vividly appr, ciates the importance of the duties which the fundamental law imposes upon the nation. We de sire to contribute to the accomplishment of the enlarged mission to which) the Legislature is called, for the conso lidation of that ietinatte , onion between th. Government and the nation which gives energy to power. This is hAt your Majesty- desired when by your Royal word you decided upon the reform of our institutions. This aim, in our opinion must tend to the development of the liberties and the rights by the fundamental law guaran teed to the people of the Netherknds, and the organiza :jun of the g)vernment which it prescribes. " We believe, Sire, that from the moment the Go- . verntnent shall in thi s manner b ecome a national power, all the present difficulties of the st.t.te of our finances will be surmounted. These difficulties are augmented by a deficit, and even if that deficit should be covered they will not then disappear. They r, quire especially not only that our system of expenditure, but also that our fiscal system should be established on a new basis. The nation will be all the more ready to comply if it be thoroughly con vinced that the sacrifices required of it are reasonable and just, and will be employed in a suitable manner. "To a willing mind will be joined the ability to make these sacrifices of industry if it sees its vital principle— liberty of action—respected by the Legislature and the Government, and if it finds in both a due appreciation of its interests. " The colonies and possessions of the kingdom in other parts of the globe have an equitable claim upon the solicitude of the nation. We conceive it to be our imperative duty to make ourselves thoroughly acquainted with the affairs of those countries, and zealously to sup port any measures which are necessary to the advance ment of their prosperity. The nation will never forget, Sire, that it is you who have called it to exercise the lights whence our freedom emanates; and we esteem ourselves happy to be able to assure you of its deep gra titude. The King and the people have mutually ap proached each other, and under this conviction we rally round your Majesty for the purpose of entering cou rageously, and in confident assurance of the Divine blessing, upon the new era which you have opened . to,the Netherlands.—S'taats Courant, Feb. 23. PRUSSIA. Advices have been received from Berlin to the 23d. A compact has been definitively entered into with the Prussian Government by the collective Anhalt dukedoms (Dessau, Cothen, and Bernburg), in virtue of which the military forces of these states will become an integrant part of the Prussian army. This compact is confidently stated to be merely the pre cursor of similar arrangements with other German States. llesse-Cassel is named as one of these, and the present visit of the Elector to Berlin is attributed to the negoti ,tions now in progress to this effect. With respect to the state of the siege of Berlin, there appears to be no prospect of its being imme diately raised. The magistrates have rejected the petition of the deputation of the city for the removal of the state of siege by stating that it not onlyconrinued to exercise a most beneficial influence on the various branches of trade, but was indispensable to the public satety in the present unstable condition of our social and political relations. Pas a T rf porl reve n the es 5,163 Prop : inviol: Cham The P.xeet siastie rl Inattei The and houne4 had d Tuqeal Froi proela] Th e e 1 oNT, Provis I A zzi the R, Thel th e ex . of the 1 hilst LANG II ofthei The flonoun formed the 13t Bon of tevoluti 11iniste Tuscan -- - ceived z that wl veived, It is interfere The I attained : T an. the ) expel troo p; tak e , 14 Council SETT BErw. 1 ° Capt t sPo Arrivals] dllard tlfa lle ' N n, Whin' C~II~II: A