The Sun. — London, England, 1842-07-20 00:00:00

~---~~ nt an wsk, fount of nd Gitit" - ectie r r obj A p. tinned hat it We s h a clay 9e k i ject %%( )untrY had be e " posing the ris to the t nission el high 6° 4 4 pl a ce int ought re that . l hemso: lo to go 'A, iereford,. Meni be ... port, or of lttratioo"' ipport hl Oiclb1" or . 6 1 r. Escoo, e hould con' ; C• 11193'5.. I and O re n. INier l l be : a divis' ° vi i; ide on t " - , l e countl' h the •esent tat'v n . l his e e rr w to d", r :r , mission ccnsider iries ° nqU fo r lat ,b; 'vet to l en t, but ", of the P r y the be sl 4 an g raro' that t th' w , and 8 —ll7 A y, three, Mr. HENLEY wished the clause to be postponed. Sir J. GRAHAM had no objection to the postpone roent of the clause, if such were the pleasure of the House. .The clause was then postponed, and the following clauses down to the 22d inclusive, were then put and ilegativ e d, • On clause 23, providing that the occasional poor be set to work, subject to the power of the Poor-law Com- Inissioners, Mr. REDHEAD YORKE suggested the omission of the words "subject to the power of tlitSPoor-law Corn , inissioners.” SRARINIANCRAVFORD objected to the clause. e. would divide us i s o n it. Th e . s .,Conlin'.',,tee then divided, and the numbers were— r s: er. the clause B4 ,:"0 - Against it Majority for the clause . —76 t4ossiskoses from 23 to 26 were agreed to. "'Clauses from 26 to 37 inclusive were struck out. ''''ss.Clause 38, after a desultory discussion, was expunged Without a divisien. Clauses 38 to M were omitted without any discussion. z Claus e St wa s agree d to . Clause 52 was (as we understood) omitted. c elause 53 was agreed to with a verbal amendment. 5.,-sClauses 54, 55, and 56, were agreed to. On clause 57 some discussion took place on the pro .,l),rietY of allowing a Magistrate, xho is also a Member lioard nt Guardians, to sit as judge in cases in which . s . ll 'artl. of Guardians were the prosecutors. .' l rs AGLIONBY wished to record his objection to the r of a Magistreze to act in the double capacity of ,7Nigs and prosecutor, and moved an amendment to e r event it sic ad which was agreed to, and the clause so ana s eve s opt ed. clause and,tls put, 60, were severally agreed to. rOre 62 u proposed a clause preventing tbe inter erencell of the Poor-law Commissioners, when the theiJorit of rate-payers were satisfied with the work a Local Act. 7 • GRAHAM said the clause proposed by the Gentleman was decidedly at variance with the ex law. The understanding was, that they should h°Tturing that Session, propos e any material alt e ratio n tua 't law. Nearly two-thirds of the population would re moved beyond the control of the Commissioners if ~71, c lause was passed. 'aPtain PECHELL supported the clause. Iter a few words from Sir C. BURRELL, i es t• T. DUNCOMBE thought that, according to the ss ","ments of the Right Hun. Baronet, they ought to keeal the Local Acts, as the Government seemed to be kb that the poor were badly treated under such Local ,11„ 5 . But this was no t t h e case i n hi s own p ar i s h, an d of St. Luk e ' s , an d St. A n d rew ' s , H o lb orn , w hi c h ash `thes possed Local Acts. It was very clear that if e G overnment had the will, they had not the power to al those Local Acts.nod • l• Committee then divided, - For the clause 42 • Akainst it 9l t n . - !a" Majority against the clause (itir Preamble of the Bill was then agreed to. The eisitt`-'wqe resumed, and the Report was ordered to be re to-morrow. *le s . ; !steal, AUSTRALIA BILL. Souse then resolved itself into Committee on this Bill. ssees, o*.nuses 1 to 3 were agr ee d to. Claus e 4 being proposed, z ` r ' HUME wished to ask the Noble Lord at what t: L i °d this clause would come into operation ? in tr ° ,rd STANLEY said the elective principle would be ~- °" liced into the colony as soon as it was able to 4 : t he fit and proper expenses. He thought the dot principle ought to be introduced. al sor r ' HUME said it would depend on what the Noble sit u ! considered fit and proper expenses. He (Mr. r s - r) understood that the estimate was 40,0001. claus e was then agreed to. ar,:lauses 5 to 7 were a l so agree d t o . 1),, c lause 8 being proposed, ;h sur -i- r• HUME said he was aware it would be quite to expect an immediate payment of the - t ot n a which had been granted to this colony, but he did ens ce why they should not keep a lien upon it to i d ure their re -payment. T Act of Parliament pro -4414 a security for any sums that might be advanced, ali o w hat he (Mr. Hu me ) wan t e d was , t h a t th e A c t tis ald be enforced. Provisions had been made for the wreftil that payment of any loans, and he wanted to know , sit ,Y that provision should not be acted up to. He tx u llirl be glad if the Chancellor of the Exchequer would yaill these circumstances. 14 4 4 CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER stated, When he accepted office, he found the colony labour pOnder a debt of 155,c00L, which it had no means of on e s l i g• He saw that it was no use to overwhelm the -s•• so s s Y with an enormous debt, and it was a mattr of azi i deration with him how he should act so as to e pre- Jr ri ve the colony and protect our own interests ; he t_oeesdered that by making a fair compromise be then mother country and the colony, they h ereafter afford a fair opportunity to the colony of tr u e.:l r ter Paying the l oans which had been advanced. a the circums tances, and believing that the colony would soon be able to bear this charge, and attain to Prosperity, he thought it would then afford means of extending our commerce in that part of the g lobe, and Zuli rep a y us, though not di rectly, the interest of the 14-1 -y we had advanced. tiot,‘Mis we concurred with hi s H on . Friend that the er the colonies could be induced to trust to them btet [ s vile4, .aild not look to this country for revenue, the „ it would b e for them and for the mother country. be s ; r, HUME could not agree in the policy which had oY sh 4 t et e,,,cl upon with regard to this colony, as explai ned lllght Hon. Gentleman opposite. The House 'rei n tisto uuderstand what had been the course pursued I ,:;'s t7 l Passing of the Act in 1834, when they had be "lieth curia, eye s the ruin of the Swan River settlement. t he Bill was proposed he asked what se n3p-eh-lay had that what had occurred there would not ; but he imagined, after the experience tat .t "Y had gained in that colony, that care would ey the to g against similar evils. It was intended s tvil --e s aPpa a t r rn c et of' Commissioners to avoid those 'lls s e, s uot it appeared that the Commissioners, and ‘lssi s ' ul onial-office of the day, had never under }., each other. He accused Lord Glenelg _ of e becigrossest incapacity, and the most blameable 11 ,1 -g : ll °e- The Hon. Member then alluded to the ap -4411-.ent of Captain Hindmarsh and Col. Gawler. Col Wii,Z k r went out in 1828, and remained till 1840 ; and titt s a did they learn from the Report ? It eer ie that a d e bt o f 296,0001. h a d been in % e t" under C o l one l G aw l er ' s gov ernorship ; yet that bin nor had obtained credit from the Noble Lord for qta - S a l % t l mana gemen t a n d discretion. When Colonel kf1 0 ,,,,`" be gan to d raw t h e bill s , w h at course was The'Noble Lord appointed the ColOnisation, consisting of Colonel Torrens, Mr. Elliot, and kent'Llliers, who had authority under the Act of Parlia ttae ec i t o borr ow 120,0001. P ar t o f th a t sum was bor h A proposal was made to borrow more, upon "e Commissioners disagreed. Two of the Board A'as, a gainst borrowing any further sum ; Colonel ea s was f or b orrowing m o ney to answer Vll O .demands whi c h w e re to be made upon them. Iv ouii e asury took three months to decide whether they s i !' give authority to borrow money or not, and when teki: le n v , elober the authority was given, nobody would ) ney ; the consequence was, that considerable diffi lia",-,4",`'ss, and, in order to remove that difficulty, the rss an -e ellor of the Exchequer, in 1840, tried to raise the ..4 by loan to enable them to meet the itsha t hat were coming home. This was found t. 4 eraeti( able, and, at last, they were obliged *lii% r ac to that House for a loan of money, IV lta - t i Was granted. The result of the whole a nd the grea t es t di s t ress existed in the colony, esde`o,ooo/. or 25,000/. had been paid in poor-rates in (4! sr t° Support those who had been ruined. In his 4t h ' "Some's) opinion, Colonel Torrens was the only eee W oo had d one hi s d u ty, an d . f or d o i n g that he had 49: re moved. Such being the case, he thought the tosP ought not to give the money in the way the Noble s ks i h i jr cPesed. Ho had no objection to the House ad i4igti the money, but it must hold the responsibility. tp sti otherwise, it would be giving a sanction . to every theZ of -On these grounds, he wished to have coIC -I tate so alter e d as t o g i ve this country a lien on the ittei ll T Y for th e money. H e b e li eve d t h at L or d Glenelg roe 'Ord John R usse ll h a d n e glected their duties with Ivt' bi ''ct to this colony, and such being the case, the k responsibility of the evils that had taken place tti k . 4 l„ : _' 9n the m . They saw the evil coming, aod took no te 1 ;r of preventing it. He thought the best way , would \ *iiideave out the clause altogether, the result which Nl.' he to leave the advance of the money on t he p re tai s i s ll g Act of Parliament, and then the Government t obtain it as they could. He would, therefore, I.° to leave out the clause. 4 q . c ' r s d STANLEY said it was no part of his duty to W bu t i l . ,q the con d uct o f th e l a t e G overn ment, but he tr os not go the length of the Hon. Member for Mon- As s :' and hold Lord Glenelg and Lord John Russell as -o t ZallY responsibl e . He believed that the House of t hat and Parliament were responsible for the evils lksse,Vad taken place, because the Acts that had that created a divided responsibility. He believed t he affairs of the colony had been carried t hieo ) " an extravagant scale, but he did not had Gawler was alone blameable for than 1144 bleuestion for the House now was, not whether ti ere %ki th , 41 Mismanagement but how they were to put the l 'cessL °ll a right - footini. He thought the grant was ' 7 l l ,'Y, amid he should therefore vote for it. t t io n . );: WOOD denied the right of the colsny to come °Lis t s :Country for so large a sum as 155,0001. If the ' t th: t 7,ceded to this demand, they might depend up,. Th e ,r3l would next year be called upon to repeati.t. s,'"ostnittee then e ar be the clause 73 A gainst it Th e Majority in favour of the clause The cl ause was then agreed to. Hou se r emaini ng c l auses were th e n a greed to, and the NilloN„,.. n uned. Report ordered to be received this day. &c. (WARWICK AND LANCASTER) Sir C, BILL. "141 Bill D OUGLAS proposed the second reading of Ir. :ru'rtti:r tiet r AGLIONBYd opposed the motion, and recom e e 0 propriety at that late hour, of postponing %v at S °lll "eratio - n of - ' the Bill till some future day. He tar t i t s .(l)lo ,, t, of opinion, that a Bill of this nature should „ „ in by th e Right Hon. Gentleman the Secre individ th e „ , flume Department officially, and not by any 0 4 -1 . 4 Member of the House. la g 4 4 , 111 . tGERTON could see no reason for not read -kr i t'll a second time at once. lle sh' u 4- PHILIPS opposed the principle of the Bill. Oft, aght they ought to have the opinion of the Law el a of they advanced the Bill oth er the Crown be fo re Sir stags,. bou sh ould b GLAS retained his opinion that the Bill e read a second time now. asp ' 4. • 1 31Surr il Alre e d . ERTON moved that the debate .be now _:5O ji x rte e Lid belt°. coa t le .the Lt 1100 st thev u "at die i r:svidera aers as to his Cl" use asi possib le. - the C° l° 4011 Of A 'State. CAPtl' in ~`` Sir C. DOUGLAS assented to the proposition, and the debate was adjourned accordingly. On the motion of Sir J. GRAHAM, the Manchester, Birmingham, and Bolton Police Bill was read a first time, and ordered to be committed this day, The Report on the Prisons Bill was btaight up and agreed to, and the Bill Was °Meted to be read a third time this day, The Customs Act Amendment Bill was read a se cond time, and ordered to be committed. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER obtained leave to bring in a Bill to transfer the Stamp Duty on Game Certificates in Ireland to the Exeige. The other Orders of the Day were then disposed of, and the Ilt.use adjourned et Two o'Clock. ANTI-CORN L&W CONFERENCE. (Continued from our Afternoon Edition of yesterday.) Mr. 11. RAwSoti moved, and the Rev. Mr. SHUTTLE wonni seconded, the adoption of the following reply : TO JOSEPH STUROE, ESQ., BIRMINGHAIIt. Sir,—l have received your letter, of the 4th inst., enclosing a resolution of the same date, agreed to by the Council of the National Complete Suffrage Union. After much consultation and a mature consideration of the whole subjea to which your letter and the resolution refer, I beg to offer to your notice the following remarks. The Anti-Corn-law League was organised for the accomplishment of one great object, the entire abolition of the Corn-law, and by its constitution and rules it is absolutely prevented from engaging in any other a g itation. To attempt this would he to annihilate the body as aLeague, and it is believed by some of the sincerest and best friends of the people that the dissolution of the League at this time would be in reality, and would be held to be a victory on the side of monopoly. You ask us to give up the great work in which we are are now engaged, and you ask it only upon the ground that our efforts must fail, and that without a fall re presentation of the wholepeople the Corn-law cannot berepealed. %ire submit to you that this is an opinion opposed to the firm conviction of very many of the best and most experienced friends of the people. No man can doubt that the labours of the League, by laying bare the injustice and oppres sion of which the Corn-law is the instrument, and thereby exposing the corruption and selfishness of the ruling class, have greatly subserved, and do now most powerfully assist in furthering the objects of those who are wishing for a thorough reform in the system of representation. Amongst the ranks of Corn-law repealers are men of every shade of poli tical *pinion, and many of the most active of its members are also zealous members of societies for the promotion of Parlia mentary Reform. Individually, they act as they think best, along with all other societies, but as members of " the League," they believe their great object and the best interests of their country are most advanced , by a steady and unwavering adherence to the fundamental principle upon which this organization was originally based. I think lam justified in saying that no other agitation for any great object has ever made a progress so rapid, when we consider the immense obstacles which have opposed themselves in its way arising from the obstinacy of the aristocracy, and from preju dices, and the want of information on the part of the people. lons, &c., • ( Signed) P. A. TAYLOR. The above reply was unanimously adopted. The CHAIRMAN then read the following letter from Coven try : My Dear Sir,—l thank you for your communication. I think you will have another Delegation from Coventry, but not fir renal only.—( Cheers.) The people here are ripe for a struggle. We have to-day presented a requisition to the Mayor, well signed, at short notice, to call a meeting to con sider the state of the country. He has done so, and we meet on Tuesday. Our measures are not resolved upon, but we cannot keep the people back ; and I think we had better give the reins in favour of democracy. Do urge upon the League the propriety and policy of leading the people. We want but leaders, and we will do anything and everything, but die masses will not restrict their efforts to Corn-law repeal. Our lan guage will be denunciation of aristocracy and class-legislation, and defiance of the present House of Commons. I shall be glad of the latest information from head-quarters, that our measures on Tuesday may be in harmony, if possible ; will you write on Monday night ? Above all, impress upon the Dele gates that if they want the people at their back they must take sip the suffrage question. Without that, their efforts are hope less, and the people will throw themselves upon more daring and reckless leaders.—l am, yours truly, J. WHITTERN. The CHAIRMAN begged to say that the Conference was not responsible for the opinions contained in the different letters that were written to them, but they thought it fair that all they received should be read, that they might have the fair reflex of public opinion.— (Cheers.) Ho would now read a letter from the Pot teries, which had been brought up by a gentleman de puted to supply the place of those who left them : Cauldon-place, July lti, 1842. . - Dear Sir,—l have the honour to enclose you a copy of cer tain resolutions, which I trust will not be unwelcome. The proceedings of the Deputies have given unbounded satisfaction in this district, and all classes feel deeply indebted to them. As you will recollect, I intimated to Sir R. Peel .at the in. terview with him, the public peace is disturbed, the operations of manufacture suspended, and the safety of society endangered. Oh, Sir, these are fearful times 1 May a merciful God touch the hearts of our rulers, so that they may grant us relief, and that speedily. I am, dear Sir, very truly your!, JOHN RIDGWAY. P. S. This will be presented by Mr. Abingdon, an intelli gent, and, I should say, superior workman, &c. At a meeting of the Hanley and Shelton Anti-Corn-law Committee, held, July 14th, Francis Wedgwood, Esq., in the Chair. It was resolved—That this meeting, after receiving the report of Mr. Ridgway and other Deputies, to the Assembly of Anti-Corn-law Deputies in London, relative to its constitu tion and proceeding s, is bound to express its satisfaction with the principle on which the Society has been established ; its conviction of the necessity of maintaining its principle inviolable ; and its confidence in its consistent and honourable conduct ; it also congratulates itself and the country, that although its ob ject, the repeal of the Corn-laws, is specific, it is of such vital importance as to deserve the hearty support of all ether so cieties; and that it, may receive the same with mutual advan tage to its object and to theirs. That this Committee is sensible of the valuable services which the Deputies connected with the Anti-Corn-law League have rendered and are rendering to the manufacturers, shop keepers, and working population of this country, by ascertain ing and publishing the unexampled distress that afflicts it at this juncture ; for the honest representations which they have made to her Majesty, and to the head of her Government, as to the necessity (.f adopting immediate measures for its relief; and for the Parliamentary efforts which they have been instru mental in bringing forward for the repeal of the Corn-law, the great hindrance to its trade, and cause of its misery. And the meeting begs the Deputies to accept its unanimous and cordial thanks for their zealous and persevering exertion, accompanied with their devout prayers for their success. That this Committee begs to encourage the Deputies to re main at their posts and to carry on their operations so long as Parliament shall continue its sittings, or as they can render the cause any service, persuaded that by so doing they enlighten the public mind by their statements, cheer the hopes and keep up the drooping spirits 'of a suffering people, advance the cause of truth and weaken the strength of their opponents ; and above all, prepare the way for the triumph of justice and hu manity in the everlasting repeal of these most unrighteous laws. That although this district is in a distracted, as well as dis tressed state, the Committee has pleasure in showing its anxiety to assist the Deputies, in the appointment of Messrs. Whalley and Abingdon, the former a respectable tradesman, the latter, an intelligent operative, who will describe the present alarming state of the district, and also, particularly explain the situation of those classes of the community to which they belong. That the thanks of the meeting be presented to Mr. Ridgway and his colleagues, Messrs. Mason and Morley, for the able manner in which they have represented this district, and for the service they have rendered the good cause at ti.is alarming period. it That a copy of these resolutions be forwarded to the Chair man of the Demties, with the wish of the meeting that it may be publicly read. (Signed) FRANCIS WEDGWOOD, Chairman. He had also another letter from a working-man of Ber mondsey, which was to the following effect : Gentlemen,—l hope you will forgive me for the liberty I have taken in writing these few lines to you, but being a working-man I sincerely thank you for your kind sympathy towards the working classes. Gentlemen, I am sorry that no gentleman has been delegated from any part of the Borough of Southwark, to represent our miserable condition in your assembly. I have been a resident for the last eighteen years in Bermondsey, which consist mostly of tanners, carriers, fell-mongers, and leather-dressers, and they are, Gen tlemen, in a most deplorable state. I think there is full one half out of work, and those that are in work have nut above half work. Gentlemen, lam by trade a journeyman currier. We are not a numerous body, but we have always supported one another when out of work, which is done by tramping the country in search of work, but trade has been so dreadful bad for the last five or six years that many of our trade have to tramp three and four thousand miles without obtaining any employment. One man of the Tame of James Mcorgan, tramped a hundred miles for sixpenc e w hich was all he had to live upon. Gentlemen, when a man is thrown out of work through distress, he parts with his few goods, and himself sod family are driven on the roads, but provisions being so very dear, tramps so very numerous, and employment so very scarce, that men in work cannot support their unfortunate shopmates in distress. Gentlemen, I am very glad that some Dissenting Ministers are kindly inquiring . into our condition. I hope they will exert their influence in our behalf, for the abolition of the cruel bread-tax. I think, Gentlemen, if ministers of religion and the religious community, were to unite and make a similar exertion for a repeal of the Corn-laws as they made for the suppression of the Slave-trade, victory would instantly crown those exertions. Gentlemen, I hope Ministers will pity our wretchedness and sympathise with our sufferings ; and I hope, Gentlemen, if I have done wrong by writing these statements you will forgive me.—Gentlemen, I remain your very humble servant, JOHN COVENTRY. 6, Grange-road, Bermondsey, July 19, 1842. I had forgot to mention we use no machinery. The CHAIRMAN said that the last letter he would read was one addressed to Sir W. Clay and Colonel Fox. the representatives of the Tower Hamlets, and the reply thereto : . . __ _ 8, Suffolk place, Hackney-road, July 12, 1842. Sir,—l am directed by a unanimous vote of the Committee of the Bethnal-green Anti-Corn-law Association, representing a large and an influential body, to request you, as Member for the Tower Hamlets, to support the motion of Mr. Villiers for the repeal of the Corn-laws. The evidence of the all but uni versal distress of the country is now before the world ; and they trust you will be convinced that any relief to be practical must be .‘ immediate;" and also, that a negation of the prayers of the people must lead directly to an earnest and hearty union of the present conflicting cla,ses of society to effect organic changes in the Constitution. 1 am, Sir, your very obedient servant, JAMES MURRAY, Secretary. The Hon. Sir W. Clay, Bart. The following was the reply of Mr. Clay to that letter: No. 17, Hertford-street, May-fair, July 13. Sir,—l am happy to have the opportunity afforded me by your letter, of mentioning to the friends of Corn-law repeal in the neighbourhood of Bethnal-green, that my not voting for Mr. Villiers' motion was accidental. I was in the country, and was not aware of its coming on, or I would have been present to support it. I presume it was unexpected by yourself also that it would come on so early as Monday, as your letter is dated the 12th, yesterday. I am, Sir, yours obediently, James Murray, Esq. W. CLAY. Mr. liAwsoN, Jnn., then read the following extract from a letter received from Nottingham on the 18th of the present month : " Our apprehension of increasing embarrassment and dis.. tress, when we went to the Conference, is more than confirmed by the prevent state of affairs here. Many who were incre dulous as to the benefit that might accrue from the repeal of the Provision-laws are becoming anxious, having no other re medy to propose, and none doubt that we are approaching a most awful state of society. We shall send up one or two more Delegates this week." There was also a statement in the same letter to the eff a't that there had been great disgust •ited in Ner tingham at the statements of Mr. Gaily Knight that trade was improving there: Cheers:) Atltettrnoii; of the Potteries, said he recollected When the torn-laws were not spoken of in the Potteries. In 1837, a gentleman uho was now an advocate of re peal, was ot , po ied , to it. Shortly after this they began to get whale more information on the subject, and Mr. Sidney Smith delivered a lecture, and threw such a flood or ti g ht, that the opposite party had been unable to extinguish it.—(Hear.) At first their meetings were op posed by the Chartists. They divided the meetings by proposing counter resolutions. But last July they had the pleasure of the cordial cceopera- Von of the Chartists, and by their assistance they had returned Mr. Ricardo to Parliament, ns the Chartists worked heartily in his cause ; and he had no doubt that if the distress continued twelve months longer that the whole population of the Potteries would be repeal men. lie recollected that some years ago it was a pleasure to go along the streets in the Potteries on a Sunday morning, to see the people going to church. They looked happy and com fortable. Now how the picture was changed ; they looked haggard and care-worn. Men he had known for years, who had habitations & f their own, were obliged to mort gage. Many young men were growing grey with sor row. He was aware that distress was greater in other districts than in the Potteries, as he be lieved that the Potteries were better off than other districts, but the distress was not seen by a super ficial observer. The people are all neighbours, and they relieved each other. He wished to impress upon the meeting that the distress in the Potteries was not brought ' about by machinery. They had the potteries wheel, but that %vas not turned by steam, but by females. The great part of the business of the Potteries was done with America. Every steam-packet brought letters to the manufacturers. The clerks got hold of the letters, and they talked about them to the people, and they found that the Americans did not order so many goods, as the duty had been increased on our manufactures, because we would not take their produce in return. Many of the potters were emigrating to Ame rica, as in other districts. Those who were opposed to the Corn-laws were in the habit of throwing papers amongst the market people giving a list of wages on the Conti nent, and saying that if the Corn-laws were repealed the English labourer would be reduced to the same level, bat they fbrgot to mention the price of provisions. He recollected being in Geneva, where he purchased a watch, and the man that made it only got eighteen francs a-week. He was astonished at this ; but when he (Mr. Abingdon) went to . market to buy his pro visions he found that a Paul, or fivepenny piece, was worth an English shilling. W hen he was in Paris he saw a quantity of plates just about to be sent to Ger many, and invoieed.at a large price. He was surprised at this, but he afterwards found that these plates were sent at a nominal duty, while as the same article of English manufacture the duty would have been prohi bitory. (Mr. Abingdon) could say, that he could manufacture the same article, and give his workpeople double wages, pay double for his coal, and yet sell. the article cheaper than they were sold in Paris. The present state of the Potteries was awful. They had two companies of the 12th taken in to nurse the Yeomanry Cavalry. These were supplied at an expense. of 98/. per day. When he came away, he saw ninety of them escorting one prisoner— a glorious'victory.—(Loud laughter.) There were 8,000 colliers out of work; these men were principally poachers and they carried short guns. If they came in contact with the military, there would be a dreadful scene of blood. He . (Mr. Abingdon) deprecated anything like physical force,, but he was afraid that if there was an out break, there ,would be a great effusion of blood. When the colliers came out, as a matter of course the potters were out, as it ,was but a small manut'actory that did not consume 100 tons of coal. The colliers were not so quiet as the potters, as the latter could read; but they till expressed their surprise that any man could be mad enough to shoot at. the Queen. She was very much respected in the Potteries.---(Cheers.) He be• lieved that many of the manufacturers were glad of the turn-out, as it relieved them from paying wages. The capital was gone, and their stocks were in America. The Americans were taking to use turned wood, instead of earthenware. _ _ Tfll SUN, LONDON', WEDNESDAY EVENING, JULY 20, 1842. bankrupt. Perhaps in the iron trade they were as largely connee'ed as any house in the country. A few days ago he called at one of the largest engine houses, and he was much surprised to find that the English superintendent had left, and a German had supplied his place. This foreigner was an ex tremely intelligent man. He said that a few years ago on the Rhine, an English workman was looked upon as gold; but they were drunken people. The manufacturers of the Rhine had instructed their own native men, who were much more steady, and they were discarding the English people. He said that the iron and steel at the Rhine were equal to the English, and they would in a few years be able to compete successfully with us. A friend of his, a manu facturer in Warrington, had gene to Rouen, and he had engines to make, which would occupy him 18 months; another friend of hi s had gone to Russia, and he said that, although 2,000 miles up the country, they were manufacturing 50 tons of iron a week, and the iron was splendid. The CHAIRMAN then read the circular addressed to the different mercantile houses in the City, calling upon them to grant the delegates an interview. The requisition had been sent to upwards of 1,600 firms in the City, and the interview was appointed for to-morrow (this day). The usual meeting would take place at this house to-morrow and would adjourn at two o'clock, to give the delegates an opportunity of at tending at the London Tavern at three, till the next day at eleven. The meeting then adjourned. Mr. SHU'rTLEIVORTH—What do you think would be the immediate result of the repeal of the Corn-laws? Mr. AntsanioN believed the immediate effect would be relief. Not so 'much from the repeal of those laws as from the confidence it would give to the manufacturers. Mr. ASPINALL, of Huddersfield, next addressed the meeting. The majority of the work in Huddersfield was woollen fancy, and for that work, for which a man in 1824 could obtain sd. a yard, he could only now get 2d. ; and flaw, owing to the fineness of the bobbin, which fre quently broke, he could only make two yards now where he used to make three. In answer to a question from the CHAIR3tAN, Mr. ASPINALL said that the competition of foreign nations rendered the employment of a coarser material in the manufacture necessary. The people in his dis trict were in the most deplorable state of wretchedness, and but for the benevolence of some of their more wealthy members thousands of them must pine away and die of hunger.—(Hear, hear.) He had attended the meetings of the Conference only for two days, and the pain ha felt at the appalling amount of suffering which he heard was mingled with pleasure at the ability and good feeling manifested by the advocates of the starving people.—(Hear, hear.) But these accounts fell far short of the reality ; and, indeed, a man must be endowed with the two attributes which belonged exclusively to God—omniscience, and omnipresence—to give a full picture of the all-pervading misery. —(Hear, hear.) lie was sure that if Sir Robert Peel could really see for himself, and judge by his own senses of the awful amount of suffering which the people were enduring, he would no longer resist the repeal of the Corn-laws. Mr. PAULTON said, it seemed to be a general impres sion that the distress was chiefly in the large towns which were the centre of the manufacturing districts. But it was not so. He' was convinced that privation and want were the habit and the rule in the agricultural dis tricts • whereas such paroxysms of suffering as were wit ncese:l in the manufacturing towns were exceptions to the rule and habit.—(Hear, hear.) In the course of the last winter he had visited the counties of Devon, Dorset, Wilts, Gloucester, Berkshire, with Kent and Essex, and he found in all of them an indescribable amount of pri vation. He did not find a man who earned more than Bs. a-week.—(Hear, hear.) Now, it was to be remembered that Kent and Essex were two of the most agricultural counties in the kingdom, and if the Corn-laws were goad for the agricultural labourers, that class ought to be in the most flourishing condition in these counties. But what was the fact ?—(Hear.) According to the report of the Poor-law Commissioners,. there were in 1840, no less than 9,700 able-bodied paupers in Kent, and in Essex 9,soo.—(Hear, hear.) Large as was that number, it was increased in 1841—that is, in one year—to 12,800 able-bodied paupers in Kent, and 12,400 in Essex. — (Hear, hear.) During the last session of Parliament Sir Thomas Dyke Acland, one of the greatest champion of the Corn-laws, the great friend and patron of the agricultural labourers—was compelled to admit, in answer to a question from Mr. Wakley, that the average rate of wages was no more than 7s. a week. Mr.. Benett, of Wiltshire. also acknowledged that in his county the rate was no more than Bs. ; and the Duke of Northumberland in the House of Lords affirmed that no agricultural labourer had a right to complain if he earned what the Noble and philanthropic Duke considered the exorbitant wages of 9s. a week.—(Hear, hear.) In Gloucestershire the wages were no more than a shilling a-day, and wet days were deducted. If a man went to work on Monday and Tuesday he received a shilling for each day. But if Wednesday was wet, he must go to the relieving officer on Thursday for that day's food. — (Hear, hear.) As to the peasantry of Devonshire, lie believed them to be the most miserable beings under the sun.—(Hear, hear.) He believed that the Red savages of North America had more means of domestic comfort than the men of Devon.—(Hear,- hear.) From Ti verton to Great Torrington, the wages did not , exceed one shilling a-day, and the privations of the labouring people were intolerable. At a lecture which he delivered in Great Torrington, a number of agricultural labourers from the surrounding districts at tended, and several men of forty years of age declared that they had never known wages to be above eight shillings a week, and many of them were receiving only tenpenee a day. The diet of the agricultural districts in every part of the country consisted almost entirely of potatoes. In North Devon the only luxury the people have is an article they call " flick," which consists of a little piece of bacon melted down and dropped upon the potatoes. In the middle of last winter he found that the people lived almost entirely without fuel. They were too poor to buy coals, or even food. They cooked their potatoes with gorse or furze dried into turf, which they blew into a flame, and when their humble meal was cooked it was allowed to subside, and the rest of the day the family remained without fuel. No wonder that disease was rife amongst the poor people. — (Hear.) In every district through which he (Mr. Paulton) travelled, he endeavoured to obtain an interview with the parish doctor. The parish doctor of Great Torrington told him that throughout North Devon a fever was prevalent in the winter, which carried off a great number of their children, and ho added that he could find no other name for it but " the starvation fever." Mr. G. Knight stated in the House of Commons a few nights ago, that this was not a question of dear or cheap bread, but of cheap or dear labour. They had now 15,000,000 acres of uncultivated land in this country capable of producing good grain, and they had also a large surplus population of agricultural labourers, who, by pressing upon the agricultural districts, reduced. the wages of the agricultural labourer to a horrible in adequacy.. They had now more land than they could cultivate, they had more labourers than they could em ploy, and yet the people had nu food. He could trace the evil to no other source than the Corn laws. The landowners said that the waste land, if cultivated, would not realise rent. They woul.l not feed the manufacturers. Why would they not then allow the manufactures to work for foreigners, and thus obtain food for themselves and their families ? He could only sec one reason, and that was indeed sordid and narrow-minded. The fact was that the landlords profited by the distress of all classes. They distressed the manufacturers, and at the same time made them pay dear fur their bread—they starved the operatives, and cheap labour for themselves was the result.—( Hear.) The Report from which he had already quoted, that of the Poor-law Commissioners, stated the number of able-bodied paupers in the wealthy county of Middlesex to have increased from 49,000 in 1840 to 73,000 in 1841, showing an increase of 24,000 able bodied paupers in one year. The total number of able-bo died full-grown paupers receiving parish relief throughout the whole of the country had increased from 297,000 in 1840 to 345,000 in 1841 ; and the total of paupers had increased from 1,199,000 in 1840 to 1,300,000 in 1841. In his route to London, he passed through Glou cestershire, and more pitiable distress than he witnessed in the south-west district of that county he believed never fell under the attention of any man. The chief trade, whieli was the woollen cloth, had gradually dimi nished. The American market, which, a few years ago, took the whole of the produce of this district, they had entirely, Jost, and the population was reduced to a state of great misery. The following extract of a letter, dated W'otton, July 13, 1842, would convey some idea of the distress, and of the sympathy which the lower classes entertain for one another :—" Our poor are sadly pushed, and I find that the poor borrow bread from one another. On Saturday last, a case came under my notice, where a poor woman with a family, having neither bread nor money to buy bread with, went to a neighbour, who was as poor as herself, to beg a little bread for her famishinF children. The neighbour had no bread to give her, but she took a sheet from her bed, a piece of flann e l f rom h e r baby, and a frock and a pair of trousers, and desired the starving woman to pledge them, and get food with the =nay. The husband of the woman who borrowed the things is now in gaol for stealing two pockets full of potatoes on a Saturday night." In every part of the country they would find the same distress, and that the poor could look for no relief but from those who were in the same condition as themselves. The facts which had come be fore him lately, the humble details of heart-rending dis tress and misery that pervaded the land convinced him (Mr: Poulton) that at no time were they nearer to a social disrupture than they were at present ; at no time were the opinions of dissatisfaction so widely spread over the length and breadth of our native land. The time was come when patience unparalleled, when confi rmed endurance, appeared to have exhausted them selves, and the last ray of hope had indeed fled. The two factions which had hitherto ruled the destinies of their country, had proved themseves alike indifferent to the sufferings, and insensible to the wrongs of the people. Many years ado sagacious men had pointed to the gathering storm which was rising up from the lower depths of society. To the middle and upper classes that storm then appeared to be distant, but it had year by year risen higher until every class seemed involved in the common doom of destruction. So long as they could with safety, the aristocracy denied the existence of the distress which was the result of their own selfish legis lation ; they now with an hypocritical sympathy, more insulting than their former bold denial, mocked the aufferings of the people, by professing admiration for the fortitude and patience with which they endured the very wretchedness which they had so recently de rided and denied. But though the Government and the Legislature had admitted the universal distress, they had taken no steps for its removal. The people only demanded the free exercise of their in dustry, they had not asked for the bread of charity, they had preferred no claims which were incompatible with the rights of other men; they had threatened no inva sfon of the property of others, all that they had asked was security for their own.—(Cheers.) No trickery of party statesmanship could conceal or falsify the fact that the people wanted bread, and all they asked was that no impediments might be thrown in the way of their pro curing it. Was it not a most melancholy reflection on the civilization of the 19th century, that the Legislature and the Government of the largest the most civilised, and certainly one of the most densely populated countries in the world should at that moment be torturing facts and coining fallacies to show cause why food should not be brought in to feed a starving people ? Why the very savages would revolt against such conduct.—(Hear, hear.) What said the senators of the land ? "No more food—increase your numbers as you may—no more food shall be brought into this country unless • the people pay the price for it which we shall fix by Act of Parliament." And now, after years of patient forbear once, and trustful expostulation, what was to be done ? Were they passively to sit down and see the consumma tion,hd they i a the last forgotten lastcto that,f their in thisiraa•fultragedy ?—(Hear, hear.) country, tyranny had invariably trembled when the nation had spoken out (Hear, hear.) Were all their old historical associations shore of their power to arouse and re-animate, in mo dern times, the spirit that nerved, and the hot impa tience that fired the patriotism of their forefathers ? Should they be less energetic, when not, the liberties merely, but the very lives of the industrious population were In peril. The aristocracy of this . country—such is that effeminate civilisation which corrupted the habits, whilst it depraved all the nobles attributes of human na ture—had lost every genuine sentiment of humanity or justice, and in the exercise of poWer which they were ' educated to abuse, knew no law but the suggestions of self interest, or the dictates of ambition. Thepresent season had developed the most awful distress, they proposed nothing for its removal. They were carrying on war with two nations, one of which was engaged in asserting its independence, and the other had done nothing to offend us except by endeavouring to suppress an odious and demoralising traffic. For what purpose are these wars carried on ? To whet the wanton appetite of the aristocracy for blood and carnage, and to provide busi ness for the scions of noble houses, who dis dained all employments but those of legalised assassi tion and wholesale plunder.—(Hear, hear.) Tens of thousands were to be butchered aoroad, and hundreds of thousands starved at home—for what ? Why, as Sir Edward Knatchbull had plainly declared, to enable the aristocracy to maintain their position.—(Hear, hear.) Taken in connexion with the present a w ful and lazati. house aspect of the whole country, the recent legislation of our rulers seemed to him one of the most hideous in sults that tyranny had ever yet stamped on the records of history.—(Hear, hear.) Was this to endure for ever ? No ; desperation was growing up in the minds of the people. They must wait the current of events ; but. wait as they would, the current would rush forward, and unless their legislators interfered to arrest its swelling . 1 progress, they might rely upon it that not the property of the middle slasses alone would be swept away, but the privilegs, - the supremacy, nay, the very existence of the aristocracy, would perish.—(Loud cheers.) Mr. PALiVEit corroborated, with respect to the county of Essex, what had been stated by Mr. Poulton. In that county the labourers during the harvest emigrated from their homes, and sought work where they could find it. Years back in that county they could get for the skin, the fat, and offal of a sheep 205., while at the present moment they could not get more than 7s. That was a reduction of 13s. a single sheep. He mentioned this to show that the prices of the labour of the Marsh men were lowered to the lowest possible. point. While land remained at the same price, the wages of labour would be reduced.—(Cheers.) 'With regard to the shopkeepers in London, he was prepared to say that their trade was exceedingly bad • they had great difficulty in getting money, and they did not do at the present moment more than half what they did some years ago. In Shadwell the trade was exceedingly bad ; they were scarcely doing any thing ; and the consumer came to their shops for the smallest possible amount of the articles they dealt in. It \vas, therefore, a great error to suppose that there was not great distress in the metropolis. Even in the watch trade, there was the most dep!orable distress. In Clerkenwell alone, there were thousands out of employ ment, and many good workmen were compelled to resort to the hawking of shrimps or fruit about the streets for a miserable subsistence.— (Hear, hear,) Mr. FINCH, of Liverpool, said he was an iron-mer-. chant, a trade in which, perhaps, more was done in 'Liverpool than even in London, and the depression was greater now than he had ever known it. They had heard of the emeute in the Potteries, at the works of Mr. Sparrow, an extensive iron manufacturer, who em ployed nearly 4,000 people. He (Mr. Finch) had met with Air. Sparrow in the course of the last week, and that gentle man assured him that he not an order on his books for an ounce of metal.—(Hear, hear.) The iron exported from Liverpool, from the Ist January to the Ist of June, 1842, from the Cus tom-house returns, was— Tons. Manufactured iron Pig iron 39,691 Shipped to the United States Mediteranean 5,424 British East Indies Canada and British America ... 3,946 South AmericaandFureiga West Indies 2,850 China France, Holland, and Germany ...... Africa Portugal 547 Spain British West Indies 39,691 being at the rate of 2,600 tons per week actually shipped at the port ; about one-third of each of these quantities is in pig-iron —the value of 39,691 tons at the average price of the last six months of the descriptions shipped —will be in round numbers 240,000/., and the loss to this country by its exportation at that value cannot be estimated at less than 20,0001. The quantity here stated merely refers to the shipments from Liver pool, and has no reference to the actual business done in this article by those engaged in the trade there, but as an approxi mation it may fairly be presumed that the actual sales effected in Liverpool in the home and export trades for delivery at Liverpool, Glasgow, Cardiff, Hull, Bristol, and other places will exceed 200,000 tons per annum. It was asserted in some of the Conservative newsFapers that at the interview which the Delegates had with Sir Robert Peel on Saturday week last, sportfoi principally c r s o i. p n a I f Ti r y o w m oof they were completely puzzled to find an answer when he asked them had not the export trade of Liver pool increased. It had increased in consequence of Liverpool manufactures, iaat y e a a n rd were e couldeff effected t s e a d y a t h teta a orl t aeigc t ea l iltBnehe2sessehrxnsi3hnpf ois o p: r osol t fb s , ot h o e /. ( s Hear, the necessities of the iron-masters and the decline of home class hear.) The shipping trade s w at f more. importance, perhaps, at Liverpool, than, perhaps, at any other portance, in the world, but it never was depressed as at present. One of the largest ships at any price. The most recent ship sa'esmen in Liverpool informs me t . hat on the 10th of this are, first-class North American, British have ton. It is now a month, yceaanras dniga Canadian et build, no b o pricean nfhdoirs registering t k si was 101. per ton ; of EnglistsshehrfioAbnruragisld, 181. per ton. It is now s saal t ral . eso l O stth s . iamt t opho6as/vs.ei s sh i ps, a s freights been so ruinously misfortune to posses low of late, the money received has not paid the ship's ex penses. A sale of eight large ships was attempted a few days ago by a Liverpool house of eminence, but they were bought in, there being no bidders. The shipping interest was never so prostrate as it as at present, and no prosret of any improveement. Out of 1 , 5 00 ship carpenters there were not more than 300 now emploved. He had an account of the ex;ienditure of 50 families in 1842 and in 1835, in Vauxhall Ward, Liverpool. In 1842, when corn was high, the income was 4995. 3d. per week, and in 1635, when corn was low, the weekly wages were 8775. 6d. ; so that the earnings in 1842 were about one-half what they were in 1835. Expended in meat in 1842, by these 50 families, as compared with 1835, about half, bread about equal, oat-neal about double, potatoes one-third more, left for the purchase of groceries, clothing, payment of rent, &c. in 1842 as compared with 1835, about one-third. Mr. MooRE wished to ask Mr. Finch if he was not connected with a machine manufactory in Blackburn, and if so, if he would state what was the condition of trade there. Mr. Fr igc it said he was interested in a machine making estab lishment in Blackburn. Five years ago there were five estab lishments connected with making looms and spinning frames, and at the present time his (Mr. Finch's) was the only estab lishment engaged in the trade. They used to employ 200 people, and paid from 1301. to 1401. of wages a week. Since that time trade had fallen off to a great extent. Last week they only paid 451. in wages. They only employed about sixty or seventy persons now. One party who was in competition with them . two years ago had gone to Belgium; another had be en made THE NEW NOVEL. T ONEHENGE; Or, the ROMANS in BRITAIN. A Romance of the Days of Nero. In 3 vols. post Bvo. IS NOW READY AT ALL THE LIBRARIES. Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street. THE NEW HISTORICAL ROMANCE, EDITED BY HORACE SMITH, Esq. Just ready, in 3 vols. post 3v0., li.AS S A N I E LL 0. Ili. AN HISTORICAL ROMANCE. Edited by HORACE SMITH, Esq., Author of " Brambletye House," ike. Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street. Now ready at all the Libraries, in 3 vols. L ADY BLESSINGTON'S NEW NOVEL, " THE-LOTTERY OF LIFE." " Characterised by good sense, humorous observation, grace of mind, and versatility of fancy. "—Athenaeum. " Lady Blessington's book has been very pleasant reading to us. It is gracefully written throughout, and with a lively power of good-hearted ridicule. Lady Blessington excels in what we may call refined caricature, in which a spirit of frolic exaggeration runs side by side with a cheerful fancy, shrewd observation, and humour both sharp and genial. These volumes will add to Lady Blessington's reputation as a lively, acute, and agreeable writer."—Examiner. Henry Colburn, publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street. NEW WORK BY THE AUTHOR OF" A NEW HOME." On Thursday, July 28th, wi.l be published, in 2 vols. fcp. Bvo. FOREST LIFE. By MARY CLAVERS, an Actual Settler, Author of " A New Home, Who'll Follow ?" London : Longman, Brown, Green, and Longman!. THOMSON'S SEASONS ILLUSTRATED. Published this day. square crown Bvo., 21s. handiomely bound in ultramarine cloth ; or 36a . boun in morocco, in the best manner by Havday, THOMSON'S SEASONS. Edited by BOLTON CORNEY, Esq. With the Life of the Author, by PATRICK MURDOCH, D.D. F. R. S. With nearly Eighty engraved Illustrations, from Designs drawn on Wool by eminent Artists. * 4 * One Hundred Copies, on prepared paper, 2/. 2s. each. London : Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. WS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE GRAND s DUKE OF BADEN, having AUTHORISED and GUARANTEED several DISTRIBUTIONS of MONEY DIVIDENDS— HEINE BROTHERS are now selling BONDS and CERTIFICATES for the said distributions. Next DISTRIBUTION on Ist September. SELECTION of the 400 Bonds, taking part in this Distribu tion, en lst August. Orders for BONDS and for CERTI FICATES, can be given till 21st instant, at the following prices ; but SELECTED BONDS are not to be had before 2d of August, as they will be selected on the Ist of August. One Bond One Selected Bond 3O 0 Twelve Certificates 5 0 Bonds 98,800, obtaining EA CH a Dividend between Ist _ _ September, 1842, and Ist September, 1856. Certificates, 98,800, 400 of which obtain one selected Bond, be longing to the Distribution of Ist Sept. 1842. Selected Bonds, 400, obtaining each a Dividend on Ist of Sep tember,lBl2 ; largest Dividend,3,333l. 6s. Bd. Smallest Dividend, Si. Bs. 4d. BONDS and SELECTED BONDS are SIGNED and STAMPED by the GOVERNMENT, and under its Guarantee. CERTIFICATES are SIGNED and STAMPED b) the BANKERS, who issue the Certificates. Direct for BONDS and CERTIFICATES, or for SE- LECTED BONDS, to HEINE BROTHERS, at LUBECK. Litbeck, Bth July, 1842. Postcript.—Orders fur less than Si. will not be attended to. THEATRE-ROYAL, ENGLISH OPERA-HOUSE. THIS EVENING, JULY 20. The Performances will commence with the DREAM AT SEA. Characters by Messrs. Oxberry, W. H. Bland, and 0. Smith; Miss Pincott, and Miss Faucit. After which, THE ILLUSTRIOUS STRANGER.—BowbeII, Mr. Harley; Azar, Mr. Bar <er ; Niza, M s. Hughes To which will be added, the New Drama of THE LONE HUT Principal Characters by Messsa 0. Smith, Diddea W. H. Bland, and Harley, Miss Murray, Miss Crisp, and Miss Faucit. To conclude with a New t allet.—Characters by Mr. Oxberry and. Miss Farebrotner. Boxes, 4.. Pit, 2s.— Gallery, Is. Doors open at Half-past Six ; commence at Seven; Half-price, a Quarter before Nine. Pnva' e Boxes to be had of Mr. Grogan, at the Private Box-oftico ; and of Messrs. Andrews, Mitchell, Sams, and Baily, at their Libraries. ROYAL SURREY THEATRE. THIS EVENING, JULY 20. Will be rvresen'ed Donizetti's Opera of THE LOVE SPELL, supported by the First Vocalists of the Day—Miss Homer, Mr, W. Harrison, Mr. Leffler Mr. J. Webster, Mrs. Serie, and Miss E. Terrey Conductor, Leifer , G. Stansbury. After which, Shakspere's Tragedy of MACBETH; with all Locke's spl• ndid Music, sung by the entire Opera Company. Places and Private 3oxes may be ad of Mr. J. Kerschner, at the Lox Office, from Eleven till Four daily. ROYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS. The Nobility, Gentry, Subscribers, and the l'ubiic, are respectfully informea that ..... ON MONDAYS, TUESDAYS, AND THURSDAY., GRAND EVENING FETES will be given, in which will be em bodied all those popular Entertainments that have given to this favou. rite place of recreation its peculiar celebrity, with additions and in. trod actions, which render them more generally attractive. The MENAGERIE has been enriched by many valuable and im portant acquisitions in the classes of both Quadrupeds and Birds. Feeding Time Five o'clock. The Colossal VIEW OF ROME has been repainted, and in some Instances remodelled, with a Mechanical Tableau d'action, repre senting the Procession of the Papal Troops, Guards, and Roman Nobles, to the Castle of St. Angelo. Thz BAND includes some of the most eminent Performers, con lucted by Mr. Godfrey, and the Programme of the PROMENADES Al kISICA LES selectedfroin the noblest works of the great Masters. The I LLU MIN ATIONof ST. PETER'S, the CROSS of FIRE, and the GIRANDOLA of ST. ANGELO, with all the gorgeous Spectacles and magnificent introductions that have called forth ac clammations of delight and admiration on each evening of their ex. hibition; terminating with the triumph of pyrotechnic splendour, the CASCADE of BRILLIANT FIRE, SIXTY FEET in height. The Gardens are open Daily from Ten till Dusk. The Evening Fetes, with the Promenades Musicales, Illumination of St. Peter's, Girandola of St. Angelo, &c., will be given on Mondays, Tuesdays, ai.d Thursdays. Admission One Shilling. All Advertisements of a Disgusting Character, or Emmoral Tendency, are excluded from the Columns of "The Sun." , 112 .u, , se i ce , sgiv ~11 -•,- . • • • tfitiv‘ • fT m 0 • Zbic LONDON: WEDNESDAY MORNING, JULY 20, 1842. t- Sir JAMES GRAHAM announced last night that her MAJESTY'S Government—her MAJESTY'S strong Go vernment—her MAJESTY'S all-powerful Government —the great master ' of QUEEN and People, when a monopoly is to be preserved, or when a tariff is to be passed, which opponents approve of, and supporters dare not oppose—Sir JAMES GRAHAM announced last night that the monster of a powerful Government meant to give up a great portion of the Poor-law Bill, for the simple reason, that it is unable to pass it this session. Sir JAMES said he wished to pass the four clauses following the first, which regulate the number and duties of Sub-Commissioners, and apply to the is suing of rules and regulations; but he does not mean to proceed with that part of the Bill which relates to GILBERT unions, and the formation of districts. One or two clauses, which go to correct the curious prac tice lately grown up, of thieves and vagrants making, as Sir JAMES said, a hostelry of the workhouse, he wishes to pass, but the rest of the Bill the Cabinet will mature at leisure during the recess, and intro duce it next session. We have no desire to see the Bill pressed through the House, for we are satisfied that a very different Poor-law from Sir J. GRAHAM'S Bill will be neces sary before nest year, should trade not revive, and should pauperism continue to spread with the same frightful strides during the next that it has taken during the last six months ; but that the strong Go vernment has given up this Bill supplies a lesson which we must not allow to be lost. The Government has tried, and tried zealously, to pass the Bill. It was advised a month ago to give it up—there were reports that it had so resolved ; but Sir JAMES GRAHAM, on being asked, stated more than once that the Government meant, if possible, to carry the Bill. The strong Government, then, has been unable to carry out its own designs. August approaches—the supplies are not yet obtained —it is not possible to keepgentlemen sweltering in the metropolis all through the summer ; they might as well be in the desart as in this dry, dusty, and hot place ; and the strong Ministry must yield to the stronger necessity which country gentlemen feel to return to their pleasant parks, and which the belles of the metropolis, whom the beaux must follow, feel to flee to other places of fashionable resort. In truth the poor convenience of these insignifi cant persons is the basis on which laws are built or put aside. When the Corn-law was on the tapis, and when the tariff was in progress, the threat of resigna tion was sufficient to coerce the votes of the grumbling L landowners ; but no threat, no power can induce At Liverpool, on Monday, there was a meeting, which the Liverpool. Times describes as one of the most respectable open air meetings ever held in that town. " The friends of free trade in Liverpool," it adds, "have done their duty, and have freed themselves from all share of responsibility, by pointing out the causes of the present distress, and by calling for the adoption of the only measures which can remove it." It gives the names of a great many respectable gentlemen who were present, such as HUGH HORNBY, Esq., who was in the Chair; J. C. EWART, Esq.; JAMES MULLE NEUX, Esq. ; W. RATHBONE, Esq. ; RICHARD RATH BONE, Esq. ; RICHARD V. YATES, Esq. ; ROBERT EL LISON HARVEY, Esq. ; Mr. Ald. EARLE, and others. These gentlemen, and all the persons present, unani mously concurred in resolutions, declaring that the present distress is unparalleled ; that all the measures of the Government are inadequate to relieve it, and they adopted a memorial to the QUEEN, setting forth the condition of the people, and praying for redress. The language used at this meeting was of the strongest and most peaceful character ; the people both " know their rights," and " dare maintain them." EDWARD BRODERIBB, Esq., to quote one example, said, The people wanted food, but they did not want it as beggars.—(Loud applause.) England was not reduced to such a state that she must beg her food, or that the sanctuaries and decencies of religion must be desecrated by the introduction of charity sermons for the support of the poor.—(Cheers.) All that was necessary to be done was to unfetter commerce, and let her arise in her giant might, and then there would be a sufficiency of employ ment and of food in the land. If the people spoke out determinely and unitedly, they might depend upon it that they would succeed ; and he therefore called upon them, if they thought that trade ought to be free, to will it, and it would be free.—(Much cheering.) That is quite true ; it only requires the people to be united in willing free trade, and trade must be free. • The knowledge necessary to form such a united will is fast growing on the people. Not a day now passes which does not impress on them,its own lesson ; and whenever the knowledge is ripe, which the aristocracy can no more prevent than they can prevent the tide rising and falling, they will have no more power to retain fetters on commerce than on the ocean itself. Trade, like its own great highway, must and will be free. The chains which the small ambition of small men now impose on it, willbe broken whenever the middle classes shall lose their reverence for the idle men of pleasure, who constitute the bulk of the aristocracy, and refuse to submit to their control the occupations which feed, enrich, and civilise mankind. THE NEW TARIFF. - The first importation of horned cattle, under the new measure, passed the Cus tom-house yesterday. It consisted of four bulls from Switzerland of the celebrated Dun breed, which is pro duced in that country, and during the summer months is pastured upon the lower acclivities of the mountains. They reached London fr,jm Rotterdam, and had teen brought down the Rhine. Their value was estimated at about 80/ per head. IscomE-TAx.—Mr. Richard Rathbone, of Liverpool, has set an excellent example to all men in his station. On being appointed a supplementary Commissioner under the new Income-tax law, he immediately wrote to decline the appointment, and declared that he world on no ac• count act in any such capacity. If others would decline like him, Sir Robert might find himself at fault ; but we regret •to see persons, who call themselves Liberals, eager for the honour of being one of the Commissioners fur carrying the inquisition into the houses of their fellow-citizens. LITERATURee_ ~ ,„ r , c -..--- ,-, ABBOTSFORD li" A YERLEY i AT . '-'' ---' --- 1, - -;\ Part VI. Caddt, London, b' . In this Part we have the conclu ing ___„„ , ..... du ipters . , ---1 ',Manner ._.:-.. . Waverley, and the commencement of Gu.,' . manner ": ? 1, , ) ing, botn illustrated in the most ckxquisite with a choice variety of apposite \embellisln. nemtt , - -..t2.4 1 7, The sketch of Fergus Mac Ivor drawnAlt-lAltale--i. i through the gates of Carlisle, on his vi•Ayitibl*Ait t 'W --- is one of the most beautiful engravings we have AM: 4l g for some time, and the design does infinite cret.lit to the artist, Sarjent. PROVINCIAL LETTERS. Painter, Landon. 1842. The most triumphant answers to the theological doctrines of the writers of the "Tracts for the Times • that we have yet happened to meet with are contained in this series of Letters, which are the production of the Rev. Stanley Faber, and appeared originally in a monthly periodical, entitled the Churchman. They are now re-published in one small duodecimo vellume.. and from the shrewdness and soundness of argument that characterises them, as well as from the uniform, perspicuity of their language, they will tend to con firm many whose religious notions may be yet un settled, and who _may be conscious of a leaning to wards the straight-laced, ex-cathedra dogmas of the Oxford tactarians. The tenth letter, on the " Origin of the Tract School, and Mr. Froude's Remains," exhibits specimens of argumentative. reasoning as close and searching as any to be found in Campbell's " Answer to Hume's Essay on Miracles," of which well-known work, indeed, the " Provincial Letters" frequently remind us. THOMSON'S SEASONS. Longman, London, 1842. Of all the editions that, have yet appeared of Thomson's Seasons, the one before us is beyoikd question the most' correct and the handsomest. Indeed we know not that we ever saw a more beautiful vo lume, whether as regards its rich and costly, yet per fectly chaste, binding ; its thick, well-wove, glossy paper ; its neat, distinct type ; or its admirable em bellishments. " The illustrations," observes the Editor, Mr. Bolton Corney, " seventy-seven in Dum ber, have been executed from designs furnished by various eminent artists, members of the Etching Club, which, though of recent date. has deservedly obtained celebrity. The designs were drawn on the wood by the artists themselves, and have been engraved with the utmost attention to similitude, so that we behold in effect the very draw ings. I anticipate, as to the designs, the entire ap probation of the public. The artists have established their relationship to the poet ; they have evinced a similar intimacy with the forms and.phases of nature, and a capability of giving each idea its apt expression. Accustomed to co-operation, they have also imparted to the series a harmony which we too frequently miss in ornamental works.' This is high, but not unme rited praise. The embellishments are remarkable for their appropriateness, as also for the exceeding judgment and spirit with which they are executed. Their variety is not less worthy of note, for there is scarcely an incident, or description, or episode, in the " Seasons" that has not received an apt illustration at the hands of the artist. We have landscape sketches, exhibiting every form of beauty, whether rude or cul tivated, sublime or sylvan ; pictures of homely, rural, domestic life ; sea-coast scenes, some of whose exqui site designs remind us of Collins : graphic sporting sketches ; and not a few of a purely fanciful cha racter. The illustrations of sun-rise, as described in " Summer," may take place beside any of the most glowing landscapes of Turner, in his best days. The faint, distant orb is just seen rising from the bosom of a vast expanse of waters, over which some of the grey diminished vapours of night yet hang ; and a solitary lover of the picturesque is represented stretched indolently on the summit of a lofty crag, watching the gradual progress of the dawn. The episode. of " Celadon and Amelia " is not less deserv ing of favourable notice. In the first sketch, the attached lovers are pourtrayed in the act of securing shelter from a thunder-storm, and in the second, Celadon is leaning heart-broken over the body of Amelia, who has been struck dead by the lightning. There is infinite tenderness and expression in this last sketch. We trust that the success of this beautiful volume—for successful it will assuredly be—may have the effect of inducing the publisher to illustrate other of our classic poets in the same style of • ex cellence. them to protract their residence in town ; and as they , will run off, the strong Government is obliged to give up a great part of its Poor-law Bill. When Sir. ROBERT had only his growling and greedy friends to deal with, he could hush them into obedi ence by a threat to hand over patronage and power to the Whigs, but the sturdy Liberals who oppose the Poor-law Bill are not to be so quieted, and the strong Government finds itself compelled to yield. This is only one proof of weakness; is not another to be found in the opposition the Government' en counters every Supply night ? It has wished to shirk the distress •of the country—it would have glossed over and concealed the public calamities, but they are too vast; they have burst out from under the covering the Premier threw over them, and Mem bers, who would otherwise have been powerless, backed by the public distress, have been able to stop the business of the all-powerful Govern ment. Mr. VILLIERS, MT.: WALLACE, Mr. BAN.- NERMAN, and others, but for the great distress, would not have dared to interrupt that busi ness ; and if they had they would not have been listened to. It is the distress, therefore, which is ac tually stoppim.; the progress of the strong Govern ment, though Sir ROBERT PEEL and his friends pretend to deny its extent. _ lf Ministers are yet to learn, this ought to teach them that there is something walking the earth, living in every hamlet, parading the streets, smoulder ing in alleys, crowded in workshops, and dispersed over fields, which is greater than they are, and the laws of which they must study instead of their own silly conceits or headstrong will, if they mean to remain at the head of society. As to guiding it to prosperity, that is as contrary to their will as it is beyond their power. They have even given up the task ; they say they can do nothing to relieve our distress ; and while the world brands them as the authors of the mischief which is now bowing our in dustrious classes to the earth, they have branded themselves with the stigma of utter impotency to effect any good. By the failure of this all-powerful Government, other politicians will learn, as well as Sir ROBERT PEEL, to look elsewhere than in the votes of Parliament, and in the perplexed statute-book, for the rules of their conduct. Although the middle classes are slow to learn the vast injury which they inflict on themselves and on the humbler classes by the respect and honour they bestow on the plunder-laws of the aristocracy, yet they are opening their eyes to the important truth, and rousing themselves to make it a living rule of conduct. At Manchester, in two days, no less than 63,925 persons signed the memorial to Mr. M. PHILIPS and Mr. M. GIBSON, calling on them to use all their exertions to stop the " taxation of the prostrate people for the purposes of the bread-taxing aristocracy." A few more similar memorials, backed by numerous signatures, from the towns, will go far to convince the aristocracy that they have trusted too much to the exhausted patience of the people, and have trampled too rudely and too cruelly on their votaries. COURT CIRCULAR. Lord Hill had an audience of the Queen yesterday at I Buckingham Palace. Their Serene Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Saxe Coburg Gotha, attended by Colonel Bouverie, ho noured the British Institution with a visit yesterday. Their Serene Highnesses afterwards took an airing in a plueton. Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent visited her Majesty yesterday afternoon. His Royal Highness Prince Albert and the Hereditary Prince of Saxe Coburg Gotha, attended by Colonel Bouverie and Baron de Brandenstei t n, rode out on horse back yesterday afternoon. The Prince and Princess of Saxe Coburg Gotha vi sited the Duchess of Kent yesterday at her residence, Clarence House, St. James's. Their Royal Highnesses the Prince of Wales and the Princess Royal, accompanied by the Dowager Lady Lyttelton, were taken an airing yesterday in a carriage and four. The Queen inspected yesterday the Bust of her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, executed by Mr. Davis, with which her Majesty was pleased to express her en tire approbation. Her Majesty and Prince Albert walked in the Royal gardens in the afternoon. A numerous Deputation to present a Memorial ex posing the injurious effect of the contraband traffic in opium upon the mercantile and manufacturing interests of Great Britain, had an interview with Sir Robert Peel yesterday, at his official residence in Downing street. The deputation consisted of Lord Sandon, M.P., Mr. W. Busfield, M.P., Mr. J. Hardy, M.P., Mr. J. Brotherton, M.P., Mr. J. Fielden, M.P., Mr. W. Fielden, M. P., General Johnson, M.P., Mr. J. Hornby, M.P., Mr. R. Cobden, M.P., Mr. G. Palmer, M.P., Mr. M. Philips, M.P., Mr. J. W. Patten, M.P., Mr. W. C. Stansfield, M.P., Mr. C. Barry Baldwin, M.P., Sir Howard Douglas, Bart., M.P., Mr. IV. Beckett, M.P., Mr. E. J. Denison, M.P., Mr. Francis Fox, Mr. Wil liam Storr Fry, and Mr. Edward Baldwin. His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge returned to his residence at Kew yesterday morning. The Earl of Powis and Mr. Clive had an interview with Lord Stanley yesterday, at the Colonial-office. Baron Brunnow, the Russian Minister, transacted business yesterday, at the Foreign-office. Mr. Hodgson Hinde, M.P., and Mr. Hodgson, MX-, accompanied by a deputation from the Thames Plate Glass Company, had an interview with th e Earl of Ripon on Monday, at the Office of the Board of Trade, on the subject of plate-glass. Mr. Irving had an interview with Lord Stanley at the Colonial-office yesterday. Admiral Sir Charles Malcolm, accompanied by his son, came passenger by the Antwerp Company's steamer Bruges, Captain Blain, which arrived yesterday morn ing at St. Katharine's Wharf, Tower, from Ostend, in barely twelve hour!• THE BISHOPRIC of JERUSALEM. BERLIN, JULY 11.—llis Majesty has been pleased to address to the Minister of Ecclesiastical Affairs the following orders in respect to the relations of the Bishop of the United Church of England and Ireland in Jerusalem, to the German congregation of the Evangelical religion in Palestine : " I send you herewith a letter from his Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury, Primate of England, which contains the definitive proposals respecting the relations of the Bishop of the United Church of England and Ireland in Jerusalem to the German congregations of the Evangelical religion in Pales tine, which are inclined to place themselves under the jurisdiction .of the latter. You will see from this letter that the Prelate secures to the con gregations of the German Protestant faith in Palestine the protection and • pastoral care of the English Bishop at Jerusalem, without any other conditionS than such as the exercise of the pro tection itself requires. The publication of these pro posals will be the best means to dispel the misunder standing of some well-meaning persons, and to ren der the misrepresentation and calumnies of the evil minded of no effect. Though there are at. present no German Protestant congregations in Palestine, but the formation is still to be looked for under the influence of favourable circumstances ; yet young divines of the German Protestant Church, whom the increasing interest in the labours of the missions for conversion of the Jews induces to go to Palestine, will certainly think it desirable to avail thetnselves of the offers contained in the letter of the Archbishop of Canterbury, to obtain a greater freedom of action and a more successful result of their labours, by ac ' cepting the protection and care of the Bishop of the United Church of England and Ireland. lam very ready to support, in a suitable manner, young divines of this kind, when they have been examined and found duly qualified, and especially proved themselves to be thoroughly grounded in the doctrines of the Protes tant faith, according to the Augsburg Gonfession, and I invite you to point out to me any such persons. (Signed) " FREDERICK WILLIAM. "To the Minister of State, Eichhorn." " ' Lambeth, June 18, 1842. " ' SIRE,—As it seems to me to be desirable that your Majesty should be thoroughly acquainted with the relations in which the German congregations in Palestine will stand with respect to the Bishop of the United Church of England and Ireland in Jerusalem, I take the liberty most respectfully to submit the fol lowing proposals, which 1 hope will be agreeaLile to your Majesty. " ' The . Bishop will consider it as his duty to take under his pastoral care and protection all the congre gations 9i...the German Protestant faith which are within , the limits of his diocese, and are inclined to place themselves under his jurisdiction, and will afford them all the support in hiswer. The German Liturgy, which has been carefully examined by me, which is taken from the Liturgies received in the churches of your Majesty's dominions, will be used in the celehiation of Divine service by the clergy men who are appointed, on the tiillowing prin ciple :—Young divines, candidatos. for the pastoral office in the German Church, who have obtained your Majesty's Royal permission to this end, will exhibit to the Bishop a certificate from sonic authority appointed by your Majesty, in which their good conduct, as well as their qualification for the pas toral office is in every respect attested. The Bishop will, of course, take care, in the case of every candi date so presented to him, to-convince himself of his qualifications for the especial duties of his office, of the purity of his faith, and of his desire to receive ordination from the hands of the Bishop. As soon as the Bishop has fully satisfied himself on these points, he will ordain the candidate on his subscribing the three Creeds, the Apostles, the Nicenee, and the Athanasian, and on his taking the oath of obedience to the Bishop and his successor, will give him permis sion to exercise the functions of his office. With respect to the confirmation of young per sons of such congregations in Palestine, the clergyman of the congregation will prepare them for that pur pose' in . the usual manner, will subject them to the requisite examination, and receive from them, in the presence of the congregation, the profession of their faith. They will then be presented to the Bishop, who will confirm them according to the form of the Liturgy of the United Church of England and Ire land.—With the most profound respect, I have the honour to remain, Sire, your Majesty's most sincere and humble servant, • (Signed) "W. CANTERBURY. " `To his Majesty Frederick William the Fourth, King of Prussia.' " —Prussian State Gazette, July 12. There was an important meeting held in Clayton- Li ver pool, en Monday, Hugh Hoinby, E sq., i n the ton street, chair, for the purpose of petitioning the Crown not to allow Parliament to separate, in the present alarming state of dis tress, until some measures have been adopted to alleviate that distress. The first resolution was moved by Mr. W. Rath bone, in a speech of some length. We hear from undoubted authority that when the truly sad and distressing intelligence of the death of the Due d'Orleans was conveyed to the Queen at Claremont, her Majesty could not refrain from weeping. Autograph letters of condolence from her Majesty and his Royal Highness Prince Albert to the afflicted Royal Family of France have already been despatched. The Hon. Charles Henry Cuit, of the Royal Horse Guards Blue, second son of Earl Brownlow, who is about to lead to the altar Miss Macdonald, niece to the Earl of Mount Edgcumbe and to the Countess Brownlow,_ inherits the greater part of the fo r t une of h i s late grandfather, Sir Abraham Ham% Bart., of Normleybury. The marriage, ive bear s it likely to take place in the first week of nest month. ._y ,