The Sun. — London, England, 1855-04-06 00:00:00

Irbtrb Vrittion4 SUN OFFICE, Seven o'Clock. THE LONDON GAZETTE. (THIS EVENING.) ST. JAMES'S PALACE, APRIL 5. The Queen has been pleased to appoint Norman Hilton Macdonald, Esq., to be Extra Gentleman 'Usher to her Majesty. FOREIGN-OFFICE, APRIL 5. The Queen has bean pleased to approve of M. Ernst Marwedel as Consul at Hobart Town, Van Diemen's Land, for the Bing of Hanover. REDUCTION OF THE NATIONAL DEBT. The Lords Commissioners of her Majesty's Treasury hav ing certified to the Commissioners for the Reduction of the National Debt that there was no surplus of actual revenue over the actual expenditure of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, for the year ended the sth day of January, 1855: The Commissioners for the Reduction of the National Debt hereby give notiee, that no sum will be applied by them on account of the sinkino, fund, under the provisions of the act 10 G eo . IV., cap. ° 27, between the Ist day of .April, 1855, and the 30th day of J une, 1855. A. Y. SPEARMAN, Comptroller-General. National Dabt-office, April 3, 1855. WAR-OFFICE, APRIL 6. _ _ .. Bth Regiment of Foot.--Lieutenant.General Roderick m acn eji to be Colonel, vice Lieutenant-General John Duffy, deceased, March 18. 80th Regiment of Foot.—Lieutenant-General Thomas William Robins to be Colonel, vice Lieutenant-General Sir Thomas Henry Browne, deceased, March 12. WAR-OFFICE, APRIL 6. sth Regiment of Dragoon Guards.—Lieutenant G. T. iticketts, from the 52d Foot, to‘be Paymaster, vice Mac kinnon, who retires on half-pay. 9th Light Dragoons.—Lieut. R. D. Upton, from the rat West India Regiment, to be Lieutenant, vice King, who exchanges, receiving the difference. 16th. Light Dragoons.—Staff-Surgeon of the Second Glass William Ker Park to be surgeon, vice Wood, who exchanges. Ist Regiment of Foot.—Ensign James Deacon to be Lieutenant, without purchase. 12th Foot.—Lient. W. Rice Olivey, from the 91st Foot, to be Paymaster, vice Kyffin, who retires on half pay- 17th Foot.—John James Perceval, Gent., to be Ensign, without purchase. 18th Foot.—Lieut. T. Esmonde to be Captain, by pur chase, vice Hilliard, who retires. 19th Foot.—Alexander Brook Morgan, Gent., to be Ensign, without purchase. 21st Foot—To be Ensign, by purchase—Robert Cook, Gent., in succession to Lieut. Clark, who retires, April 4. To be Ensigns, without purchase —George Wm. Furlong, Gent., April 5; Edward Thos. Bainbridge, Gent, April 6. 23d Foot—John Tilly, Gent., to be Ensign, without purchase, April 6. 34th Foot—Hopton Scott Stewart, Gent., to be Ensign, without purchase, April 6. 39th Foot—To be Lieutenants, without purchase—En sign John Daunt, from the 56th Foot ; Ensign E. Gatty, from the 49th Foot, April 6. 41st Foot—Arthur Vivian Bradshaw Blanchard, Gent., to be Ensign, without purchase, April 6. 42d Foot—To be Captains by purchase—Lieutenant H. C. Jervoise, vice Chisholm, who retires ; Lieutenant G. Fraser, vice Hon. G. H. E. Grant, who retires, April 6. 44th Foot—Ensign Philip Morten Pitt, from the King's Own Tower Hamlets Militia, to be Ensign, without pur chase, April 6. 46th Foot—George Philips, Gent., to be Ensign, with out purchase, April 6. 47th Foot—Spencer Edward Orr, Gent., to be Ensign without purchase, April 6. 50th Foot—Lieutenant Robert Blackall, to be Captain by purchase, vice Gray, who retires, Apiil 6. To be Lieu talents without purchase—Erni;n E.Leach, vice Jchnson, whose promotion on the 9th February has been cancelled, Feb. 9 ; Ensign R. C. Goff, v i ce L eac h , whose promotion on the 9th March has been cancelled, March 9. 53d Foot—Lieut.-Col. T. 8. Powell, from half-pay unat tached, to be Lieutenant-Colonel, vice Brevet Colonel W. R. Mansfield, who exchanges, April 6. 58th Foot—Ensign John Horner to be Lieutenant, with out purchase, vice Hill, promoted in the Rifle Brigade ; Ensign W. R. Russell, from the 55th Foot, to be Ensign, without purchase, vice Ridgway, appointed to the 94th Foot, April 6. 60th Fo ot — Depot-Serjeant-Major James Forbes to be Ensign, without purchase, and Adjutant, April 5; Robert Morris Hazen, Gent., to be Ensign, without purchase ; Assist.-Surgeon J o h n Matthew Biddle, from the 43d Foot, to be Assistant-Surgeon, vice Crerar, promoted on the Staff, April 6. 66th Foot—Assistant-Surgeon Charles James Daven port, from the , Staff, to be Assistant-Surgeon, vice Mande ville, promoted on the Staff, Ap r il 6. 79th Foot—William Alexander Dobie, Gent., to be En sign, without purchase, April 6. 88th Foot—Edward Charles Mallet, Gent., to be En sign, by purchase, in succession to Lieutenant Dunlevie, who retires, April 6. 89th Foot —Second Lieutenant S. H. Hobbs, from the Ceylon Rifles, to be Lieutenant, without purchase, April 6. 90th Foot—To be Ensigns without purchase—Charle s Dawson Barwell, Gent., April 5; George Robert Miller, Gent. ' April 6. 934 Foot—Albert Vidler, Gent., to be Ensign, by pur chase Tice Rollo, whose a pp o i n t men t h as been cancelled, April 6. 95th Foot—Assistant-surgeon Stanhope Hunter Fasson, M.D., from the Ordnance Medical Department, to be Sur geon, vice Smith, deceased, March 23. 97th Foot—Ensign J. I(organ, from the 4th Foot, to be Lieutenant, without purchase ; Thomas Winter Shep pard, Gent., to be Ensign, without purchase. Rifle Brigade—Geoffrey Lewis Austin, Gent., to be En sign, without purchase. Ist West India Regiment—Lieutenant John Henry King, from the 9th Light Dragoons, to be Lieutenant, vie.) Upton, who exchanges. Cape Mounted Riflemen—Christopher John Barnard, Gent., to lea Ensig n, by purchase, vi c e Ki ngs l e y, w h ose appointment has en cancelled. STAFF. Major-General Arthur Wellesley Torrens to be Deputy Quartermaster-General to the Forces. PROVISIONAL DEPOT BATTALION. TO BE PAYMASTERS. Captain H. C. Watson, from the 3d West India Regi ment. Paymaster T. M. Creagh, from the 41st Foot. TO BE QUARTERMASTER. Quartermaster William Dougherty, from the 56th Foot, vice Williamson, who retires on half-pay. HOSPITAL STAFF. TO BE STAFF-SURGEONS OF THE SECOND CLASS. -Assistant-Surgeon Thomas Connor O'Leary, from the 59th Foot, vice Jare, deceased. Assistant-Surgeon Edward William Thomas Mandeville, from the 66th Foot. Assistant-Surgeon James Crerar, from the 60th Foot. Surgeon Arthur Wood, M.D., from the 16th Light Dra goons, vice Park, who exchanges. TO BE ACTING ASSISTANT-SZRGEONS. Richard Branwell, Gent., Feb. 17. Frederic John Robinson, Gent., March 7. Goorge Leeworthy Thorne, Gent., March 16. James Maxwell, M.D. March 16. George Burnside Bryden, Gent., March 28. BREVET. The under-mentioned officers to have the local rank of Major-General, while serving with the Turkish Contingent Force : Colonel Arthur Shirley, half-pay, unattached, April 6. Colonel Michael Wm. Smith, half-pay, 15th Light Dra goons, April G. The under-mentioned officer, having completed three years Service in the rank of Lieutenant Colonel, to be promoted to be Colonel in the Army, in accordanee with the provisions of the Royal Warrant for the Ordnance Department, Nov. 3, 1854 :-- Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Win. Wingfield, Royal Ar tillery, March 18. The undermentioned officers of the East India Com pany's Service to be promoted to a step of local rank in Turkey, while employed in the Turkish Contingent Force : Major John Richard Abbott, 12th Bengal Native In fantry, t , Fe Lieutenant-Colonel, April 6. Captain John George Jubilee Johnston, Bombay RE. tired List, to be Major, April 6. Lieutenant James Vincent Valentine, 2d Regiment B enga l Cavalry, to be Captain, April 6. MEMORANDA. The name of the Quartermaster appointed to the 62d Foot, on the 2d February, is Gamble and not Gaudle, as previously stated. The surname of Lieutenant Hewett of the Ist West India Regiment, is Hewett, and not Hewitt, as previously stated. The surname of the Cornet appointed to the 4th Light Dragoons, on the 30th ult., is Weatherley, and not Wea therby, as previously stated. The Christian name of Purveyor 'Fitzgerald is David, and not Daniel, as previously stated. COMMISSIONS SIGNED BY THE QUEEN. Quartlt° 3%1 Cumberland Regiment of Militia—Lieut. Wm. binson of the Royal Cumberland Militia, to be R=leaeter ' vice Lnlnb, who retires, April 3. Wiltshire Regiment of Militia—William Elston, CO I" t° Txsusbesil"oilleasaster, March 22. ower Rittaieta llGNED BY LORD LIEU TENANTS. Lieutenant. aclan Humphreys, Esq., to be Deputy Roal North GI Leete y Eland, G ent 41 c'es_ter Regiment of Militia—John resigned Gesupuke of Lancaster's resigned, April 2. "t o Assistant Surgeon, vice Cripps, Ist Regiment of th John George Pitt a Own (Light Infa t " Own Militia— ' ter' from the 4th or Duka of Lancas be Ensign, April 4. u " Royal Lancashire .Militia, to 7th Regiment of Ro al ,-inaott,9to4tlll;..ozjotro, b A e p lt ri a l jo 4 r : ter, Esq., late Captain. Y Bsth* -- "i r e Militia —John Ches. John hardy Thursby, E April 5; Henry Hawker B l Regiment of Bengal Nati r v n e an l d n'f a t;: - at t e o Captai n 31th April 4. Hatfordshire Militia—Willi R be Captain, I sa man, Gent., to be Lieutenant, A lT i e rY Frederick C ro Royal Sherwood Foresters or - No - i 1 R h An ., mont of Militia—Anthony Hendersontrbow--7tire Captain, vice Edge, resigned ; Arthur 1. --- n sfl• ki to g h . ,; G en t., to Lieutenant, vice Watson, appointend —tonth7rBteh Regiment ; Edward Alexander Sloane, Gent be En e;gri, vice A. P. Drag, resigned ; Willi am Franci s t° Gent., to be Ensign ; Abraham Hultou King , Gent - "ill bye, ~ to Ensi g n. The Essex Rifles—Robert Swann, Gent., to be-Ensign, vice St. George, resigned, March 17. Royal London 31ilitia—Ensign Murdock William Pol lard Robertson to be Lieutenant, vice Francis George Warrick, resigned, March 30. let Royal Lanarkshire Militia—Thomas Williamson, Gent., to be Lieutenant, Feb. 10. Ist or Royal Ep,st Middlesex Regiment of Militia—En sign William Henry Bent to be Lieutenant, vice Cole, pro moted, March 29. or Royal Westminster Light Infantry Regiment of FWSPAPitAlesex Willcocks, Gent., to be Ensign, - March 9. \Olt or Royal South Middlesex Reeiment of Militia.— .Vourke, Gent., to be; Ensign; Ano-nstns Daniel sealsei i Gent., to be Ensign, M arc h 27. , :.,: .,6.4. ;i t, , 01; : v0r Royal Elthorne Light Infantry Regiment of Mid -11ilitia.—Ensign Thomas Leslie t o be Lieutenant, V rt resigned; Xorciaunt: Gent., to • - s-; AI a S ~~f be Ensign, vice Padre, resigned; Robert Hill Ross, Gent., to be Ensign, vice Miller, appointed to 50th Regiment ; Sanderson William Mathew Walker, Gent., to be Assist ant-Surgeon, vice Cane, d e ceased—March 29. [This article is substituted for that which appeared in the Gazette of 9th March last] :- 96th Regiment of North British Militia, formed by the Shires of Ross, Caithness, Sutherland, and Croma.rty.— Kenneth Macleay, Esq., to be Captain ; Francis Jeffrey Sinclair, Gent., to be Lieutenant ; George Sinclair Smith, Gent., to be Ensign; John Woodman Smith, Gent., to be Assistant -Surgeon—Feb. 22. [Th e following appointments are substituted for those which appeared in the Gazette of the 6th March last.] Durham Militia Regiment of Artillery—Second Lieu tenant Edward Featherstonhaugh to be First Lieutenant, vice Hopkins, resigned; Hugh Stafford, Gent, to be First Lieutenant, vice Wood, resigned, March 1. BANKRUPTS. John Burrowes and Alexander Mearns Reid, merchants, Leadenhall-street, to surrender, April 20 at two, and May 11 at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Stansfeld, official assignee; Lawrance, Plews, and Boyer, Old Jewry chambers. John James Parker, builder, Greenwich, April 14 and May 18, at one, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Whitmore, official c.signea, Basinghall-street; Sldgrove, Mark-lane. Robert Todd, sen., wine merchant, Westbourn-park Villas, Paddington, April 13 and May 18, at two, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Whitmore, otfi,:ial assignee, BA singhall-street ; Linklaters, Si ie-lane, Bucklersbury. John Bigham, ship-owner, Liverpool, April 19, znd May 10, at eleven, at the Liverpool District Court. Turner, Liverpool ; Lowndes, Robinson, and Bateson, Liverpool. Gabriel Webster, plumber and glazier, Dewsbury, May 1, at one, and May 22, at eleven, at the Leeds District Court. Hope, official assignee, Leeds ; Scholes and Son, Dewsbury ; Blackburn, Leeds. John Walsh, corn merchant, Liverpool, April 17 and May 8, at eleven, at the Liverpool District Court. Morgan, official assignee, Liverpool ; Yates, jun., Liverpool. Thomas Lands, otherwise White, boot and shoe vendor, Camden Town, April 20, at eleven, and May 18, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy; Cannan, official asignee, Al dermanbury ; Harrison and Lewis, New Boswell-court, Lincoln's-inn. James Piper, carver and gilder, Holborn frill, April 17, at three, and May 15, at twelve, at the Court of Bank ruptcy. Lee, official assignee, Aldermanbury ; James and Curtis, Ely-place, Holborn. John Maples, upholsterer, Nottingham, April 24, and May 8, at ten, at the Birmingham District Court. Harris, official assignee, Nottingham ; Coope, Nottingham; Har rison and Wood, Birmingham. William England and Frederick Henry England, clo thiers, Westbury, Wilts, April 17, and May 14, at eleven, at the Bristol District Court. Acraman, official assignee, Bristol ; Bevan and Girling, Bristol. SCOTCH SEQUESTRATIONS. John Dick, merchant, Glasgow, April 13, at one, within Carrick's Royal Hotel, Glasgow. Findlay and Barr, wrighti and builders, Glasgow, April 17, at one, within the Globe Hotel, Glasgow. BANK OF An Account pursuant to the Act the Week ending on Saturth ENGLAND. 'th and Bth Victoria, cap. 32, for the 31st day of March, 1855, ATMENT. ISSUE DEP. X Notes issued .. • • .... 28,510,230 Government debt .. .. 11,015,100 Other securities ...... 2,9114,000 Gold coin and bullion 14,510,230 Silver bullion .. .... • • - $28,510,230 £24,510,230 M.AIISHALL, Chief Cashier. Dated the sth day of April, 18, BANKING DE Proprietors' capital .. 14,553,000 Rest ........ 3,653,450 Public deposits (in cluding Exchequer, Commissioners of National Debt, Say ing's Banks, and Dividend Accounts) 5,381,834 Other deposits ...... 10,932,629 Seven Day and other Mils ........ . 8:6,312 :PARTMENT. Government securities (includg.Dead Weight Annuity) .:.. 11,581,067 Other securities ...... 14 091,911 Notes .. ........ 9,021,9 20 Gold and silver cola .. 695,297 435,390,225 £35,390,225 :.MARSHALL, Chief Cashier. Dated the sth day of April, 185; PRICE OF SUGAR. The average price of Brown or Muscovado Sugar com puted from the returns made in the week ending the 3d April, 1855, is 21s 7d per hundredweight exclusive of the duties of Customs paid or payable theresn on the im portation thereof into Great Britain. SOCIETY OF ARTS, April 4. Dr. T. K. CHAMBERS in the chair. The paper read was Oa the Diseases of Miners,' by Mr. Herbert Mackworth, Government Inspector of Mines. The author commenced by asserting that the serious waste of our mining population and the con sequent drain on other classes, the rate of wages, the cost of mining, the demand for minerals of all kinds, apart even from motives of humanity, ren dered the subject of mitigating or averting acci dent and disease from miners one of national im portance. It should also be remembered that the min ing population amounted to nearly 300,000. Toe diffe rent portions cf a mine are all distinguished from other workshops by the peculiarities of the temperature, pre,sure, moisture, and composition of the air, of the gases and miasmata which exist in them ; by the absence of sunlight, and by the mode of lighting, quite as much as the motions and working positions are dif&rent from those belonging to any other occupaq ms. The great sacrifice of life occasioned by the use of ropes and chains for ascending and descending the shafts, and the effect on the miners health of ascending many hun• ('red yalds of almost perpendicular ladders at the end of a day's work were commented upon, and it was shown that it was an eco lomy to make use of the " man machine," first introduced into the Hartz mine , , and sub , equently into Cornwall, at the T_Tnitel Mines, Tresavean, and Fowey Consols, by the efforts of Sir Charles Lemon and the members (,f the Gem wall Polytechnic Society. The constrained atti tude in working iu the narrow seam of coal in York shire, near Bristol, and other parts of England, and the almost horizontal position of the " hurriers" (boys who draw the coal from the working faces to the shaft) might be avoided by cutting out the roadway to a height of 40 or 42 inches, and employing small ponies for the heaviest portion of the work, of aleich there were large numbers in the north of England mines, and the expense that would be incurred iu doing this was, in the author's opinion, more imaginary than real. Injury to health was in a great degree due to defective ventilation, and, especial attention should, therefore, be paid to this point, care being taken that the air-courses are suffi ciently capacious, that the air made to traverse round the working face, and the system of splitting the air in a number of currents is adopted. Defective ventilation frequently arises from leakages in the air-passages ; this might be detected by the judicious use of the thermome ter alone. The author then adverted to the loss of Qtrength and energy produced by the increase of the temperature of mines, and quoted the opinions of eminent continental authcrities on the subject. Other causes of disease were then enumerated ; of these the principal were the deficiency of oxygen in the air in mines, the carbon generated by tile imperfect combustion of tallow or oil of bad quality, the dust thrown up by explosions, and the exhalations and mias ina'a proceeding from the putrid fermentation of animal and vegetable matter under-grozead. The effect of these causes may be estimated from the fact that the aggregate ameunt of sickness experienced by miners between the ages of 20 and 60 is 67 per cent. more than that experienced by men in general. The average age of miners living varied from 25.7 years, in the case of tin-miners, to 28.9, amongst lead-miners, whilst 42.3 years were got out of the agricultural labourer. In other other words, the lives of miners, in addi tion to excessive sickness, were shortened by an amount equivalent to more than half their working life. The author concluded by recommending that, having in view the sanitary improvement of mines, the ventilation should be sucb, in all mines, as to en sure a regular current of pure air at all times and in all parts of the mine ; that dungheaps, putrescent timber, and smilar nuisances, should be removed once a month, and that the sanitary state of the mine should be ex amined and reported upon by a medical officer at least twice a-year. FATAL Boum EXPLOSION AT RUGBY STATlON.—Yes terday morning, about four o'clock, the inhabitants of Rugby were startled by a tremendous explosion, which, it was soon discovered, had been caused by the birstirg of the boiler of one of the locomotive engines of the 1 London and North-Western Railway at the station adja cent to the town. A young man named Charles Lee was killed, and the driver of the engine, as also another man in the employ of the company, were seriner-ly i n . jured. The fragments of the boiler were scatti rtd in all directions. One portion weighing from 7to 8 cwt. was found nearly embedded in a field 400 yards from the station, and some men who saw it in the air state that it went nearly out of sight. The report of the explosion was heard six or seven miles off. The engine i- s and to have been ab .ut seven years in use, and had latterly been used for piloting. [ADVERTISEMENT.] TRH WAR IN TIIII EAST. —POWERFUL PATENT RECONNOITRING GLASSES.— Messrs. S. and B. Solo mons, opticians, 39, Albemarle-street, Piccadilly. Observe opposite the York Hotel. By her Majesty's Royal Letters Patent for valuable and extraordinary improvements in the most powerful and brilliant Telescopes, Camp, Race course, Opera, and Perspective Glasses, great es,to importanceknowthed to theistances of objects viewed through them—of These telescopespossess wi t with aa suchextr extra extra ordinary powers that som army, navy, and others. 3.i ruches, telescope can be eye piece, ' double stars; with the same . and tile will show distinctly e Jupiter's moons, Saturn's ring, seen a person's miles. They are of larger and all • t from 16 to 20 . . and an object counter ance three miles and a half distant, b e us to discover more than the vary ing from 4 to 6 inches ena with his 6 satellites, Sze.—The Royal sizes, with increasing i,.., - wen accordingly ; while their above, and the Georgian, Exhibition, MO.—Valuable, newly-invented, very small, powerful waistcoat-pocket glass,the . tent • they answer a Person can be seen and known li miles distant , size of a walnut, by which every purpose on the race-course, and at the opera .l houses, They are i v a l an( t• .. deer-stalking, yachting, t) est transparent po el• p,...._ n nable for shoo in o , Opera try Been erY. 1 ships are clearly seen at Btolo mt es. va.e.3. c0n ,.._ "".en, gentlemen, gamekeepers, and tourists. power.—liewl ' sr-constructed Spectacle Lenses of the pea, perspective glasses, with wopde . rfu , 1_ enabled to emplo from this inventi w - - pane le d an see with i l'. preserved and st o r .4 's ' t hat vision becoming impaired is The valuable adva , .tage derived lug power—and they doh yenthened, and very aged persons a r,: , to the dangerous effects of forth PO s astofthae much ht less s nu ma te g o n ec ify r: Irie(Mire the frequent changes yibrator, an extraordi nmetsrys—poNwewerfbuli7somalverl7,•n—ewThiye.iornvganieernt7ertul assistance. Deaf entirely different from all others, t c ,„ linstt uraent for deafness, kind that bas been, or probably 4 urP , ' lBB anything of the 1 Being of the same colour as the skin:t e e : l be , produced. i enables deaf persons to hear distinctly public assemblies ; the unpleasant sensation 0;14.ch i awl at a o t l ' eT eePtible • it in the ears is entirely removed; and it affords alit: „'es :4' uce that possibly could be desired. 39, Albera ar i -55 ' t* Piccadilly. Observe —opposite ta n y a k Rows e-streeta THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, APRIL 6, 1855 THE NEWSPAPER STAMP. The following memorial was presented to the Right lion. Sir Cr. Cornewall Lewis, Bart., Chancellor of the Exchequer, on the 4th of April, 1855, by a deputation of the Yorkshire newspaper proprietors, consisting of Mr. E. Baines (Leeds Mercury), Mr. Kemplay ( Leeds Intelligence).), Mr. Robert Leader, jun. (Sheffield _lnde pendent), Mr. Alfred Hargrove (York Herald), and Mr. J. U. Walker, (Halifax Guardian). TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THE CHANCELLOR OF THE ha% e passed through the Post-office was 651 millions ; and assuming that in future, if the stamp duty were repealed, and a newspaper paid a penny every time it passed through the office, he thought it a "high estimate" to expect half the present number. Now the number cf stamps issued in 1854 was 112 mil lions ; and if we adopt the same proportion as above, 93 millions would pass through the Post-office. But if by the adoption of a penny stamp on the repeal of the existing duty, the number of papers sent through the Post-office was reduced to one-half, the number would then be 461 millions, which, at one penny each, would yield 193,7501. But we have thought it reasonable to calculate that, with a halfpenny stamp, the number of newspapers pass ing through the Post-office would h e d ou bl e d . I ns t ea d of 93 millions, there would be 186 millions, which, at a halfpenny each, would yield 887,500/. , - Your memorialists are unable to calculate the net pro fit to the Government ; but it is in the highest degree probable that the halfpenny would yield a considerably larger profit than the penny. There is a single conside ration which seems to put the safety of adopting the half penny beyond a doubt—namely, that even assuming the number of newspapers passing through the post with a halfpenny stamp to be no greater that' it is at present, aid also assuming ( vith Mr. Rowland Hill) that the number at a penny would be reduced one-liajf, the pro duce of the halfpenny stamp would be as great as that of the penny starni , . On the supposition of only the same number of papers being posted as at present, of course there would be no increase whatever of the expenses of the Post-office ; and it has been seen that Mr. Hill has stated that, "suppose the newspapers wereremoved altogether," the Post-office could only reduce its expenses " very little." Therefore, it may safely be concluded that the expenses would not be reduced, to any appreciable extent, by a diminution of the newspapers one-half. It follows irresistibly that on this, the least favourable sup position which it is possible to take, the revenue would gain as much by the halfpenny as by the penny stamp. Therefore the measure which your memorialists recom mend is free from the possibility of less, whilst it holds out a reasonable prospect of considerable gain. 11. The public advantage and convenience. It is obvious that persons living in villages and country districts would save a halfpenny on each paper which they receive, in case of the adoption of the halfpenny stamp, either as compared with the present state of things, or with that which would exist under a penny stamp. The lower rate would operate as the greatest advantage to those wl - aose difficulty of receiving public intelligence is necessarily, from their local position, the greatest. Tee measure would, therefore, promote the diffusion of knowledge, and afford the country districts nearly the same intellectual ad van•ages as are enjoyed i❑ towns. Your memorialists can testify that among their own body, the newspper proprietors, most of whom have looked with alarm on the measure of the Government, the adoption of the halfpenny stamp would do very much to remove their objections. It would be regarded as an important boon, especially by those in the agricul tural counties, where we believe many proprietors would yrint their entire impressio❑ on stamped paper, so large is the proportion of copies which they send through the Pos t-office. The halfpenny stamp would allow the newspaper busi ness to be carried on with the existing arrangements, and with the least possible disturbance of those arrange ments either to publishers, news agents, or subscribers. It is a consideration not unworthy (f influencing the Government and the Legislature, that the lower rate of stamp recommended by your memorialists would give to the largest and best-conducted newspapers, published in London and the chief cities and towns of the kingdom, very nearly the same facilities of circulation as would be enjoyed by small 10c.,' papers. With a penny stamp, the latter would receive a factitious and undesirable stimulus. With a half-renny stamp, the ablest political writing and the best news would stand on nearly equal ground throughout the whole country with the must inferior publications. Combining, therefore, the interests of the revenue with the advantage and convenience of the public, your memorialists confidently submit that the halfpenny stamp would be better than the penny stamp. If they should be met with the objection that the same advantages which are allowed to newspapers must be allowed to still other printed matter, they reply, in the first place, that they think it probable the lower rate of charge would be more profitable to the revenue even when so applied. But if this should not be so, they respectfully submit that there are several strong grounds of distinction in favour of newspapers, namely :- 1. That newspapers have from their ori g in been con veyed free througn the post, which has not been the case with books and other printed matter. 2. That it is much more for the public convenience that the circulation of news should be thus facilitated than any other kind of publication. 111. That newspapers, being published weekly, semi weekly, and even daily, it is not unreasonable that the postage on them should be lighter than on publications of a casual and irregular kind. IV. That as newspapers immensely outnumber all other publications, they are the best customers to the revenue, and may demand the most favourable treatment. V. That newspapers, owing to toe great compression of their contents by means of small type (some of them including as much print as an ordinary octavo volume), and the very low price at which they are published in comparison with books, afford the maximum of 'natter at the minimum of price ; from which consideration, to gether with the regu!arity and frequency of their publi cation, they are less able to bear a high rate of postage than volumes or occasional publications. VI. That newspaper proprietors, being subject to spe cial restrictions, in the firm of securities required from them, are entitled to some distinctive advantage by way of compensation. These are manifest grounds of distinction between newspapers, or at least between p,rlolical publications, and other printed matter. Your memorialists would be g'a,d if all printed matter could enjoy the same privilege which they ask fur newspapers; but if that c , rinnt be the cae, there are we ghty ielsous in favour of granting it to them ; and your memorialists humbly suomit that they have made out an independent case in favour cf a halfpenny stamp on newspapers, showing that the adop tion of that measnre would be at once profitable to the revenue and a great public advantage. In conclusion, your memorialists beg to recommend the adoption of halfpenny stamped covers, which would entitle unstamped copies of newspapers to a single trans mission through the post. The arguments in favour of this measure are so fully involved in those aiready sub mitted on behalf of the halfpenny newspaper stamp that it is needless to occupy yuur time by stati ng th em . Your memorialists are of opinion that the halfpenny stamped covers woukl be a great convenience to the public, as well as profitable to the revenue. (Signed) EDWARD BAINES, Chairman. Leeds, April 2, 1855. INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGIN_LERS. At the last meeting of this society, Mr. George P. Bidder, vice-president, in the chair, _ The discussion was renewed on Mr. R. A. Robinson's paper, "On the application of the Screw Propeller to the larger class of Sailing Vessels," and was continued through the evening. It Was argued that a 'vessel carrying 3,000 tons, be sides machinery and coals, would require 1,000 H.P. (indicated) to obtain 85 knots per hour, and even by that means could not save more than 7i days in a voyage like that of the Red Jacket. Arguing from these premises, and demonstrating the position by a diagram, showing the courses of various ships, it was contended that the commercial advantages of employing auxiliary steam-power, on voyages to Australia, were questionable, inasmuch as the small saving of time on the voyage could not command such an increase in the rate of freight as had been named. The prevailing westerly winds and currents in the Southern Ocean might always be depeaded upon, if a proper course was taken, as laid down in Lieutenant Maury's charts, and it was not improbable that, from a continuance of the same admirable observations, as had served for the foundation of these charts, and the classification of the valuable documents said to exit in the archives of the Admiralty, such further information would be obtained as would eventually, still shorten and render more cer taos the voyage of the sailing clippers. It was admitted iiiat small auxiliary p rover would be very desirable for enabling clipper-shipu to work into and out of port, and to make some way in what were called the "Horse Latitudes;" but the expectation of great advantage being derived on the Australian voyage was contended to be fallacious. These remarks were not meant to apply to auxiliary screw-clippers intended for other routes, but rather to enforce the position of its being always necessary to consider carefully the peculiarities of the intended station, and to adapt the power and means of propulsion to them. The question of the speed of American vessels was again raised, and it was contended that the transcripts of the logs aUwled to were correct, and did fairly represent the speed at tained. It was shown that the Great Britain, having 14,000 yards of canvas in a suit of sails, exceeded in ex tent of sails any of the clipper ships, and that although it bad been predicted for her that she would be a very fast steamer, yet it was not supposed that she would attain the great speed under canvas which she had ac tually exhibited ; it having been stated that she had run 17 knots per hour, whilst dragging her screw through the water. The peculiarities of the method of building American vessels were described, and instances given of the facility of repair of well-built vessels, as compared to some of the cheap rapidly-built ships that had been turned out for the Califor❑ia trade. Reference was made to the forms introduced to the institution by Captain Henderson, in 1847, and again in 1853, with the object of obtaining the particulars of area of mid ship section, lines of displacement, power of engines, &c., which were now - asked for from the author of the paper, who had furnished all that could be obtained ; it was suggested to members to supply these, in order to render the paper complete for reference. It appeared to be shown that neither the full-powered steamers nor the large auxiliary power sailing ships, hitherto placed on the Australian ratite, had been com mercially successful, and therefore a class of minimum power auxiliary screw propelled ships, fully rigged, was advocated, with a view of sailing at all times, should the wind serve, and only to employ their steam power in calms and under favourable circumstances. When the sun was far north, the trade wind ceased and calms commenced, in 155 deg. to 16 deg. north latitude, and continued as tar as 3 deg. to 4 deg. north, or over a space of nearly 700 miles, in the usual track of ships from the North to the South Atlantic. In the contrary season, with the sun far south, the trade wind usually failed in about 6 deg. north latitude, and thence to the equator, or 2 deg. south, constant calms prevailed over 400 to 500 miles ; the ships only getting over that space by occasional squalls of short duration. Now it was in these positions that the mini mum power was required, and by its judicious use it was very possible to save ten days on the Australian voy age, and make a corresponding profit. As to the com pensation, of U. lifting the screw of the Dauntless* in a tiaare by 30 men in nine minutes, as compared with turning up that of the Caroline upon a rule-joint in the dead wood with three men in three minutes, there could not be any question as to which was the best system for a trading vessel ; and it was contended that the screw should remain always coupled to the driving shaft, to avoid the ra'Aling and noise arising from having easy allowance fur coupling. As to American vessels coming to Great Britain, it was contended that it was beneficial for both shipbuilders and merchants that the Ame- rican vessels should beat those of this country, as otherwise the desire of having immense cargoes car ried in vessels of nominal small tonnage would do away with all scientific improvements in construction. The Americans had, moreover, shown that something of cargo must be sacrificed to speed, and this country was much indebted to them for the lesson ' • as also for demoi:- strafing the necessity for havi ng th e best practical sea man for the captain, and making it his interest to get as much out of the craft as her power and speed would give. It was contended, that as far as it had been prac ticable to procure such information, the displacement and-the immersed area of ships had been given in the paper, but there was great difficulty in obtaining such da.a correctly from the builder-. The consumption of coal for the distance run was also stated, as tar as was practicable ; because this was recognised as the only true means of ascertaining the commercial value of the auxili ary power. Nominal horse power has been referred to more as a standard of the first cost than as affording any measure of the power really employed. The general assumption was, that having engines of two hundred horse power (nominal), and with the expenditure of 350 tons of coals, a sailing dipper ship, with an auxiliary screw propeller, might save ten days - on an average passage to China or to Australia, supposing the steam only to be used in calms, and under circum stances to enah:e a maximum effect to be produced by a minimum exprn liture of fuel • it being t tken as proved that a minimum powered clipper ship could not pos sibly he commercially successful if overloaded with coal- , , or consuming such a quantity of fuel as had been re quired by the auxiliary power ships hitherto in use. Full credit was given to the charts of Lieutenant Maury for pointing out the steady wind course, but it was con tended that even on that track, at certain periods, there were winds so !ight that the best ships could not make more than two knots an hour. It was maintained that the author of the paper had not received any intimation of the construction of the Royal Charter, and that the fact of the adoption, by so emi-• nent a firm as Messrs. Gibbs, Bright, and -Co. of the dimensions of the ship, and the power of the engines, so exactly similar to those advocated by the author, was the best proof of the soundness of his views. It was contended that this commercial question was of greater importance, but it would have been desirable that it should have been preceded by a paper on the forms and capabilities of screw propellers ; it was, however, sug gested that such a communication should still be made, when the whole question would be re-opened, and the experience of the relative merits of the various systems of lifting the screws, aril the results of dragging them through the water, could be fairly laid before the meeting. Doubts were expresse 1 as to the anticipated advantages of having a very small engine merely to give a slo w speed to the screw when the vessel was under sail, and calculations were given to demonstrate its inutility, based on the results obtained byMessrs. Maudslay and Field in their experiments on the feathering screw. The benefits arising from the friendly rivalry between America and Great Britain in ship-building, in engineering, and in general manufacturing and production, were frankly ad mitted, and fervent hopes were expressed for that being the only kind of rivalry the two countries would ever be engaged in ; it was the only contest in which the least successful was the greatest gainer. After the meeting there was exhibited in the library a model of asystem introduced by Mr. Clifford-, for lowering ships' boats from the davits evenly, quietly, and safely, in a gale of wind, and disengaging them without any risk of capsizing,or boingdragged under by the speed of the vessel. The chief point was the employment of a block of a novel form,having three sheaves placed over each other,through and between which the lowering ropes passed in such a manner as to have a tight grip upon them,. and yet so that, by letting all run free, the falls would run out in such a manner as to let the boat down on the water on an even keel, and quite free from the ship. The lower ing could be accomplished by a man sitting in the boat, nod, though with a full loading, the descent could be checked at any point. It was evident that by this system the disastrous effects of undue haste in rushing to the boats, in cases of danger, would be completely obviated. A simple ingenious system of a hollow ro tating boat-plug for the bottsm of the boat was also shown. It was resolved, that in order to insure a fuller attend ance ofmembers than could be obtained on Easter Tues day the meeting should be adjourned by special reso lution until Tuesday evening, April 17th, at eight p.m., when it was announced that Mr. Burleigh's paper " On the Construction of Railway Crossings and Switches" would be read. THE PENNY STAiir.— In Canada and Australia, where society and institutions approach next in similarity to our own, there is no stamp, and yet in both countries the press does not, by any means, yield in respectability to that of the mother country. On the contrary, we believe wo would look in vain amongst the journals of either colony for anything so disreputable as we have some times seen in many Irish journals of microscopic circula tion, whose proprietors are now crying out against the invasion of their vested rights, and the dangerous im morality of an unstamped press. The law as it is does not and cannot prevent the publication of unstamped news. The only effect of it is to drive the unstamped trade into the bands of persons of bad character, who will, therefore, give to their customers a bad and low article. And surely no law can be beneficial which allows a roan to purchase, perhaps, treason, blasphemy, and pruriency, at one shop for a penny, and compels him to ray at least twice the price for loyalty, religion, and chasteness next door.—Leinster Express. SINGULAR CONVERSION OF A CHURCH.—Archbishop Tenison's beautiful chapel in Regent-street, has under. gone a singular change during the last few weeks. Those who know the neighbourhood will remember that the lmilding was approached by a very large vestibule of some architectural pretensions, but the rector of St. James's (in whose parish Archbishop Tenison's chapel is rituatc) determined that it should be turned to some a-,.count, and it has now undergone a thorough meta morphosis, and been oinverte(i mto shops. N o am den:al passer-by would ever dream that the chapel founded by the pious archbishop had been driven into a back street, but still it is the fact, and more than that, the plan has met with the approval of the highest eccle siastical authority in the diocese, SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. TATTERSALL'S.---THurisnAT. Owing to the 11,,rrosV and Uxendon Steeplechases the room was very thinly attended ; a fair amount of busi ness was nevertheless transacted. NEWMARKET HANDICAP.—At the commencement 3 to 1 was taken to 50/. about Quince ; but after the strong support which Benhams received at 8 to 1, Quince re ceded to 4 to 1 ; towards the clos6, however, he was backed for some money at 100,to 30. 100 to 40 was laid against Quince and Benhame, coupled. GREAT NORTHERN HANDICAP.—VAndaI re-appeared with increased force ; 10 and 8 to 1 were taken to vari ous sums. CHESTER CUP.—The transactions on this event were on a limited scale. The chief outlay was on Mortimer ; 1000 to 40 was taken twice. THE Two THOUSAND.—mot. Hubert maintained his ground ; 65 to 40 was at first laid three or four tunes, but he returned to 6to 4, taken. The mysterious Lord of the Isles opened at 5 to 1 taken to 351., and notwith standing the powerful demonstration ma le against hire on Monday he was at last ha-Aed at 4ti 1. Polydore had some staunch friends, who made sevf.ral fre , h in vestments at 7 and 6to 1. Bonnie Mc'ra was not toeehed. THE DERBY.—The principal transactions on this event were 6 to 1 to 1001. about St. Hubert, 10 to 1 to 2001. about De Clare, 13 to 1 to 100/. about Grteculus Esu riens, and 20 to 1 to upwards of 1501. about Dirk Ilt teraick, CLOSING PRICES. NEWMARKET HANDICAP. 10 to 3 agst Quince (taken) 7to 1 agst Benhams (8 to 1 taken freely) 9 to 1 asst Crown Pigeon (offered) 10 to 1 agst Dr. O'Toole (taken) 20 to 1 agst Early Bird (taker) sto 2 agst Quince and Banhams coupled (t) COLUMN STAKES. 6to 4 agst Rambling Katie (taken) GREAT NORTHERN HANDICAP. Bto 1 agst Vandal (taken) 12 to 1 agst Jonathan Martin (taken). 20 to 1 agst Spencer (taken). CHESTER CUP. 12 to 1 agst Scythian 20 to 1 agst Muscovite (taken) 20 to 1 agst Andover (taken) 25 to 1 agst Mortimer (taken) 25 to 1 agst Bolton (taken) 30 to 1 agst Bright Phcebus (taken) 50 to 1 agst Saraband (taken). THE TWO THOUSAND. 6to 4 agst St. Hubert (taken) 4to 1 agst Lord of the Isles (taken) 6to 1 agst Polydore (taken) TUE DERBY. 6to 1 agst St. Hubert (taken and offered). 10 to 1 agrt De Clare (taken). 13 to 1 agst Gum'lus Esnriens (taken) 20 to 1 agst Wild Dayrell (taken) 20 to 1 agst Dirk Hatteraick (taken freely) HARROW AND UXENDON SPRING MEETING.-TRURSDAY. The Hunters' Stakes of 5 sovs each, with a Cup added About three !miles. Mr. C. Symonds' Ironbrace, 12st 31b (including 101 b extra) - (Enrich) 1. Mr. C. Bartley's Ganymede,list7lb. (Mr. Fredericks) 2 Mr. Baker's Spider, 114 71b (Mr. Edwards) 0 Mr. Elmore's Baronet, 11st 71b (Griffith) 0 Betting---5 to 4 agst Baronet, 3to 1 each agst Spider and Ironbrw'e. On crossing the brook the first time Ironbrace fell, and Ganymede came into collision with him on landing. Both horses were, however, speedily remounted,' and in hot pursuit. On re-crossing the brook, Baronet and Spider, who were leading, fell, and Ironbrace went on with the running, and at last won by a length. Spider and Baronet did not pass the post. Selling Race of 5 sovs each, with 25 added. About three miles. Capt. Clifton's Nom de Guerre, 9st (251) (Nightingall) 1 Mr. Swallow's Legacy, 9st (251.) ' (Mr. Edwards) 2 Mr. H. Bignell's Bowlegs, lOst (carried lOst 21b (50/4 (Williams) 3 Mr. E. Symonds' Earns, I.ost (Carried 10sts 4ib (501.) (W. Archer) 0 Mr. Robertson's Stoker, 12st (1501.) (H. Green) 0 Betting-5 to 4 agst Nom de Guerre, and 3to 1 agst Eurus. Won in a canter by a length. Eurus fell on crossing the brook the first time. The winner was bought in for 40 guineas. Free Handicap Steeplechase of 10 sovs each, 11 ft, with 100 added. About four miles. Mr. Elmore's Janus, lOst 4 b (Green) 1 Mr. Barnett's Diana, OA 81b (Meaney) 2 Mr. Thorp's Tom Gurney, lOst 61b (W. White) 3 Mr. Land's Odihatn, 9st 81b _(Boxah) 4 The following also ran :—Rosa, Lord of the Isles, Herbert, St. Hilary. 'Betting-5 to 2 &gat Tom Gurney, 3to 1 agst Rosa, 51to 1 each agst St. Hilary and Diana, 5 to 1 agst Janus, 7to 1 agst Odiham. A very good race in was won by a neck, a length separating the second from the third, and the third from the fourth ; Rosa, close up with Odiham, was fifth. On crossing the brook the first time St. Hilary anNI Herbert "cannoned" and fell, but were quickly remounted. Herbert, however, took no promi nent part in the race after this mishap. On reaching the top of the hill St. Hilary had made up the greater por tion of his lost ground, but he soon afterwards stopped, quite beaten. The Con:olation Stakes of 2 sovs each, 1 ft, with 20 added. The winner to be sold; &c. About two miles. Mr. Elmore's Huntsman, 9st 91b (301) (Gnfiith) 1 Mr. Brigg's Juggler, 114 (801) (Enoch) 2 Mr. C. Symonds' Euru., 11,t 71b (501.) ...(W Archer) 3 The rollowing also ran : —Cato, Fenman, Legacy, Dodger, Black Doctor, Bowlegs, and Harkaway. Betting-5 to 2 agst Eurus, 3to 1 agst Cato, 6to 1 agst any other. Mishaps befell Harkaway gelding, Dodger, Legacy, and Fenman. On re-crossing the brook the last time Black Doctor and Eurus were' in front, but the former refused, and the latter fell into the water. Huntsman then went on with the lead and Fon by six lengths. Bad third. BETTING ON THE COURSE. NEWMARKET HANDICAP. 10 to 1 agst Benhams (taken freely). 200 to IC.agst Early Bird (taken). GREAT NORTHERN HANDICAP. 10 to 1 agst Atherstone (taken). 100 to 6 aget Lamprocles (taken). 100 to 6 agst Spencer (taken). 100 to 6 agst J onatban Martin (taken), THE TWO THOUSAND GUINEAS. 80 to 20 agst Lord Hof the Isles (taken) CHESTER CUP. 20 to 1 aget Muscovite (taken). 20 to 1 agst Andover (ake►,). DERBY. 100 to 6 agst Dirk I:Lttera'ck (take 20 to 1) 250 to 10 agst Bonnie Morn (taken) 250 to 10 agst Oulston (taken) The meeting was satisfactorily conducted ; the attend ance was large, and the sport interesting. BATH AND SOMERSET COUNTY MEETING. MAY 15TH AND 16TH. Weights for the Sornersetshire Stakes of 25 son each, 15 ft, and 5 rnly if declared on or before April 17, with 100 added ; the second to receive 50 sovs and the third to save his stake ; certain winners extra. Two miles and a distance. Age st lb Rataplan Andover 4 810 Fandango Ethelbert The Nabob 6 8 8 Little Harry 6 8 5 Red Lion Defiance 5 8 3 The Reiser 5 8 2 Ba'rownie 5 8 0 Ty pee 5 7 13 Vandyke 4 7 12 Wild Huntsman., 4 7 12 Epaminondas Ilex 6 7 10 Dalkeith a 7 9 Indian Warrior 6 7 9 Jonathan Martin 4 7 8 Haco Ireland's Eye 5 7 8 Ruminator 4 7 7 Dr. O'Toole Weathercock 4 7 6 Aldford Bright Phoebus 6 Calamus 4 7 6 Goorkah 5 7 3 EXCHEQUER. The Memorial of the Proprietors of Yorkshire News papers, assembled at Leeds on the 2d April, 1855. Your memorialists beg respectfully to lay before you the following resolution, passed unanimously at the above meeting : " The House of Commons having recognised the princi ple of unstamped newspapers being legalised, and that the use of the news stamp shall be cowpulsory only for the purpose of free transmission, this meeting is of opinion— That in the opinion of this meeting it would be a great ad vantage to the public, and a convenience to newspaper pro prietors, as well as au actual and considerable gain to the revenue, if the proposed stamp on newspapers, to entitle them to transmission and re-t ransm i ss i on through the Pest office, were a halfpenny instead of a penny; and if there were also issued halfpenny stamped covers, to entitle un stamped copies of registered newspapers to a single trans mission through the post." Your mernoriahsts are aware that, in deciding between the penny and the halfpenny stamp, you will feel it right ;o look, in the first place, at the interests of the revenue —but in the second place, not to overlook the advantage and convenience to the public. In their judgment both of these objects would be advanced by the adoption of the halfpenny stamp. I. The revenue. It admits of no doubt that, when newspapers may be legally published without stamps, the number of papers stamped for the purpose of freeing the post, supposing the price of the stamp to be a penny, will be greatly be low the number which now pass through the post-office. Unstamped papers will then be sent in numbers by rail ways and other conveyances, and will be distributed by special messengers, or sold by letter-carriers. Whatever may be said of the reasonableness of the charge of a penny for conveying newspapers by the post, it is cer tain that no one will pay the penny if he can obtain his paper delivered for a halfpenny, still less if he can have it delivered free of charge for conveyance. Ia nearly all towns, we apprehend, the services of the Post-office will be dispensed with for the distribution of newspapers ; and also in most villages and country districts news agents will arise, and will make their profit by doing that which is at present done by the pust, and disposing of newspapers and other publications. The letter-car riers will themselves become dealers in unstamped pa ers. Tnat this will be the case is evident, on considering the large percentage which a penny bears to the price of the newspaper : on a fourpenny newspaper it is 25 per cent., on a threepenny paper 33 per cent., on a two penny paper 50 per cent., and on a penny paper 100 per cent. This large percentage falling upon a paper re ceived weekly, or even daily, will induce all to avoid it who can. And there are comparatively few who will not he able to have an unstamped paper delivered for a halfpenny, or even less, in one or other methods al ready indicated. It may b 3 assumed that the tendency of the news paper trade will be towards the publication of smaller and cheaper papers ; and as the charge of one penny on such papers will be higher in proportion than on the existing papers, extremely few of those new publications will be likely to be printed on penny stamps. Your memorialists can answer for themselves, that if the stamp should be a penny, they would at once be compelled to devise, with the aid of their agents and cus tomers, every means of sending their papers by railway parcels and in other modes ; and they believe that they would be able to send by far the' greater proportion of their papers which now pass through the post by other and cheaper methods, so as to avoid using stamped paper for them. It may be expected that the railway companies will afford every facility for the regular and cheap conveyance of newspapers, so as to compete with and undersell the Post-office ; in which object they would certainly to a great extent succeed. The future proportions of stamped and unstamped newspapers may in some degree be judged of by the class of publications, which have part of their issue stamped and the rest unstamped: It is believed that by very far the larger proportion of the impressions issued are unstamped. Of Punch, as stated by yourself in the House of Commons, only 8,000 copies are stamped, and 32,000 unstamped—being only one-fifth of the whole im pression stamped. If this is the case with a publication sold at threepence, it may be assumed that a far less proportion of any publication sold at twopence receives a stamp, if any at all. And in future it cannot be ex pected that any papers of which the price is below three pence would receive a penny stamp. Considering all the circumstances which have been re ferred to, it seems not improbable that the number of newspapers sent through the Post-office would in future be reduced at least one-half, and possibly two-thirds ; and as the expenses of the Post-office could not be re duced in anything like a corresponding proportion, the revenue may suffer more seriously than you yourself have contemplated. If, however, instead of a penny stamp for newspapers to entitle them to transmission and re-transmission through the Post-office, only a halfpenny stamp were required, your memorialists believe that an immensely larger proportion of newspapers issued would be printed on stamped paper. The difference of the halfpenny woul in many, if not in most, cases remove the inducement to prefer unstamped to stamped copies. It would prac tically equalise the cost of the stamped and unstaruped copies, except in the places of publication. The Pest office, generally speakin7, would then deliver newspapers as cheaply as they could be delivered in any other way. There might in some cases be a fractional difference (not, however, equal to the smallest coin in circulation) in favour of distribution by news-agent., or special mes sengers, but the difference would be so slight as to induce newspaper proprietors to prefer the less troublesome mode of the Post-office ; and their customers would pro bably wish to receive their newspapers, along with their letters, by the post delivery, as at present. A halfpenny stamp would be universally approved, and scarcely any would think it worth their while to inquire if a cheaper mode of delivery could be found. Not only fourpenny and threepenny papers, but probably even twopenny papers, would print a considerable part of their impression on stamped sheets. Of course, when newspapers were sold (stamp included) at least a halfpenny cheaper than at present, the circulation would be stimulated, and a larger proportion would pass through the Post-office ; still more would this be the case, if the existing papers were issued at a greater reduction of price than a half. penny, or if new publications should appear of a smaller size and lower price than the present. It may be con fidently assumed that the tendency of a halfpenny stamp would be continually towards an increased consumption, whilst the tendency of a penny stamp 'would be con tmnally towards a diminished consumption. . What would be the amount of the increase in the num ber of newspapers issued and sent through the Post-office can only be matter of coLjecture. But there are reasons for believing that the increase would be very great. Ac cording to a paper just printed by the House of Lords (No. 59), the number of stamps issued to newspapers in 1835, before the former reduction of the newspaper stamp, was 32,973,400, and the number issued in 1854 was 111,977,403, showing an increase in twenty years of 79,004,008, or 239 per cent. The reduction in the price of the existing papers likely to take place now will not be quite so great in proportion as it was twenty years ago ; but, considering the proba bility of new and smaler papers being published, at a lower price, and that every reduction of price brings newspapers within the means of a much larger class of the population, whilst the progress of education is also augmenting the number of readers, it seems not impro bable that ere long the number of copies of newspapers issued in this country will be threefold the present number. It will not, therefore, be an over-estimate to compute ,hat the number of newspapers printed on half-penny stamps to clear the post, would be at least double the number which now pass through the Post-office. If, then, the effect of a penny stamp would be to re duce the number of stamped papers at least one-half, and the effect of a halfpenny stamp would be to double them, the difference between the two rates would be fourfold in favour of the cheaper. Of course it is not meant that four times as many papers would be printed in the one case as in the other, but that four times as many would be 'tinted on stamps, to pass through the Post office. Your memorialists regret their inability, from the ab sence of any published returns of the expense thrown u to po s h n o t w h e t h P e o s a tz a fE n c t e a g h e y v, th h e i e transmission v e o f would newspapers,accrue to the revenue from the halfpenny stamp in comparison with the penny stamp. It would be superfluous to expose the fallacy of that mode of calculating which throws on newspapers a proportion of the total expenditure of the Post-office, equal to the propertion which the weight of the newspapers bear to the weight of the letters. It may be assumed that the Post -office was established, and will continue to exist, mainly as a national institu tion for the conveyance of letters. The practical ques tion, therefore, is, what is the expense of carrying newspapers, over and above the expenses which are in curred and must be incurred for the conveyance of letters? Such was the view taken of the question by Mr. Row land Hill, the present Secretary of the Post-office, in his evidence before the Commons committee on newspaper stamps in 1851. He said—" If you consider, a 3 we probobly should, that the expenses of the establishment are incurred in respect of the letters, and only calculate the additional expense which would be thrown upon us f.,r the transmission of newspapers, then I think we should find them profitable." (Question 1,852.) When asked, " Suppose the newspapers were removed alto-. gether from , you,ho much couldltle d yionuereeddy,ce (Questionyex pensesour .?, he replied, .od "Very little 1,872.) stamp yield The practical questie m n p for a t n ly G a o h ve a r if n p r e n n en ny t ins deciding between a penny stamp, of course is, what would the upon the Pcoste over the expenditure speciallye wsy office for that particular service. It is obvious that, if e a n p t s a r i s l y d e in each as the number of newspapers was reduced to one-half, the n expenditure specially entailed upon newspapers would not be reduced one-half ; and, o number was doubled, the expense entailed by them on the Post-office would not be doubled. The opinion formed by your memorialists as to then the other hand, if the d to bear a penny stamp, entir e ly agrees w ith th a t expresse— through the Po s t- o ffi c e, if require by Mr. Row land 1 reduction in the number of newspapers likely to be s ent Hill t o th e C ommons ' comm i ttee. H e s t a te ( that the number of newspaper stamps issued in 1849 was 79 millions, and the number of stamps computed to LEWES ELECTION. THURSDAY, APRIL 5.—A vacancy having been occa sioned in the representation of this borough by the ap pointment of the Hon. H. Brand as a junior lord of the Treasury, an election took placa at noon to-day at the County-hall. The hon. gentleman offered hiins:.>.lf for re-election, and his return was unopposed. Mr. A. WooD proposed Mr. Braid as an and proper person to represent the borough, which was seconded by Mr. J. VERRALL ; and as no other candidate was pro posed, the high constable, as returning officer, declared him duly elected. Mr. BRAND then came forward and briefly addressed the few persons assembled in front of the hustings. He said he concluded, as he was unopposed, that his accept ance of office under Lord Palmerston had met with their app rova l, He apprehended that those whom he was addressing, in common with all the people of England, demanded from the Government either an honourable peace or a vigorous war, and if the former could nut be obtained he would urge on the prosecution of the war by every possible means, and with the utmost vigour. No peace would be lasting which did not secure the ob jects for which they drew the sword, and they must in sist on proper securities against future disturbances be fore they sheathed it. Some persons had said that Eng land was not a military nation, bt , t he believed she pos sessed resources which would enable her to rank with the first military nations of the continent. He would not detain them by stating his political opinions, as they were well known, and had - evidently been approved of. In conclusion lie thanked them for the Jionour done him. A vote of thanks to the returning officer ended the proceedings. A RICH PAUPER.—On Monday, the constabulary took up several strolling beggars, and among them an old spinster, named Anil Kehoe, who had passed her 64th winter. On examining her prayer-book, it was found to contain the sum of 99/. and a few shillings ! Wexford Independent I ADVEItTIgEMENTI—Many thousand cures have been effected without medicine, by Du Barry's Delicious Peva lentaArabica Food, of indigestion (dyspepsia), constipation nervous, bilious, and liver compl a i n i s , paralysis, &c. Wo quote a few :—Cure No. 52,612.—Fr0m the Dowager Countess of Castlestuart.—" Rosstrevor, County of Down, Ireland, 9th December, 1854.—The Dowager Countess of Castlestuart feels induced, in the interest of suffering hu manity, to state that Du Barry's excellent Revalenta Ara bica Food has cured her, after all medicines bad failed, of indigestion, bile, great nervousness and irritability of many years' standing. Thii Food deserves the confidence of all sufferers, and may be considered a real blessing. Inquiries will be cheerfully answered." Cure No. 71.- Of dyspepsia, from the Right Hon. the Lord Stuart de Decies.- 4 ( I have derived considerable benefit from Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica Food, and consider it due to yourselves and the public to authorise the publication of these lines. —Stuart de Decies." Cure No. 32,836.—Fr0m the Venerable Archdeacon of Maas.- "Three years exces sive nervousness, with painsin my neck and left arm, and ge neral debility, which rendered my life very miserable, has been radically removed by Du Barry's health-restoring Food —Alex. Stuart, Archdeacon of Ross, Skibereen." Cure No. 4,208.—" Eight years' dyspepsia, nervousness, debility, with cramps, spasms and nausea, have been effec tually removed by Du Barry's delicious Food in a very short time.—Rev. John W. Flavell, Ridlington Rectory, Norfolk." Cure No. 51,416.--" Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, consti pation, flatulency, spasms, sickness at the stomach and vo mitings, have been removed by Du Barry's excellent Food. —Maria Jolly, Wortham, Ling, near Diss, Norfolk." Cure No. 3,9o6.—Thirteen years' cough, indigestion, and Fiene• ral debility have been removed by Du Barry's exec,. en I Food.—James Potter, Athol-street, Perth."—ln can is• ters, suitably packed for all climates, and with full instruc tions-11b., 2s. 9d.; 21b., 4s. 6d. ; 51b. lls. ; 121 b., 225.: super-refined, 11b., 6s. ; 21b., lls. ; 511;., 225. ; 101 b., 335. The 101 b. and 121 b., carriage free, on receipt of post office order. Barry du Barry and Co. 77, Regent. street, London ; Fortnum, Mason, and CO., purveyors t ) her Majesty, 182, Piccadilly; also at 68, Cornbill ; 60, Graeochureh-street; 330 and 451, Strand; 63 and 150 Oxford-street • 55, Ch,:qincz-cress 25 and 51, Upperß;kevetreet, _ Age st lb 3 6 8 5 6 . 8 Cleveland Kaffir 4 6 7 At heNtone 3 6 7 *Poodle Mr. Sykes 5 6,7 *Jacqueline The Spinner Roving Betsy 3 6 4 Seducer . Moot cock Kingstown 3 6 3 Diana 4 6 2 \Valebone St. Stephen Mishap *Rollo-tneli -4 6 0 ,Bolton Escape Noisy 3 6 0 Gurley F by Lancastrian out of De pen tion's Th w 3 6 0 Royalist 4 7 3 Saucebox Postulant lantbe a 7 0 Handy Marc Antony 4 7 0 Vulcan Marlborougbßuck a 7 0 Namur 1 Pharsalus ...... ... 4 7 0 Lamb's-wool Naomi Pantomime Lady Bird 4 6 13 Newmarket St. Andrew Newbold Bracken 4 6 10 "Mariposa Llanforda Kidnapper 4 6 8 iLancewood Humboldt ......... 4 6 8_ C, ) I.y The Libel, Tower a 6 8 out of Splitvop 3 412 Cock Pheasant Hercules .. ...... 4 6 8 Lincoln's Inn 4 pays ft Those marked * having been entered without the knowledge of their owners, will be struck out by the time prescribed unless specially ordered to remain in. .NGE.-YESTERDAY. Gibra!tar •• •• gl orn Genoa ...... •• ...... 25 .55 Milan .. ••• • • . • • Naples • • • • .... Palermo ...... •• •• .... 131 Messina .... Lisbon .. 53 1 ,6 Oporto ........ ltio .Janeiro ..... .•• • • Buenos Ayrc5.........• New York, 60 days' sight Philadelphia • • •••• • • PRICES OF SOLI :CS, PER OZ. Foreign Gala in 13, ri £0 0 0 Portugal Gold Ccin .. 0 0 0 Mexican Dollars 0 0 0 New Dollars 0 0 0 Silyer in bars • •• !•,_ 0 0 I COURSE OF EXCH. Amsterdam ............ II 18 Ditto, three months .. 11 12 Rotterdam .. .. 11 12 Antwerp 25 40 Brussels .......... .. 25 40 Harnburgh ........ 13 7% Paris •• .... 25 17% Ditto, three months .. 25 42 th Marseilles ..'........... 25 45 Bourdeaux .. • .. •• .• Fr ankfort•on Araine .... 119 13, - ,rlia • . •• •• •• .• .• .• Vienna •• •• •• • • •• •• • • • • 12 33 •• •• .... 12 40 Petersburg •• •••••• .• •• 30 Madrid ............... 49 Cadiz .........• Barcelona „ ..... • to 0! • ~, ~, COUNTRY _IIAREETS. LIVERPOOL—Arm 5. Prime American white 'wheat, 11s•6d to 125., up to 12s 6d, per 701bs for extra ; new Irish red, 9s 8d to 9s 10d per 701 b ; prime extra Ohio flour, 41s to 42s ; New Western Canal and Baltimore and Philadelphia flour, from 3 60 t o 39s per barrel; Spanish flour, 58s to 59s per 2801bs ; prid e yellow Indian corn, 43s ; mixed, 42s 6d to 42s 9d; whits, 423 to 42s 6d per qr. WAREFIEI4D—AML 5. The attendance of millers smaller tkaa usual, owing to the maiket being held off the usual day, yet we have steady demand for wheat ; and the quantity on offer n ot being large, last week's p r i ces are maintained. Barley aM dear. In beans, oats, and shelling little change. - DERBY. SMITHFIELD.--A PRIL 3. Our market was well supplied with fat beasts of the best quality, without alteration of price. 'The number of sheeP penned was large, an average demand, and high price! asked. A large number of fat and store calves as is usual on the market preceding Easter; the number of buYers„, large, and a clearance easily effected, at former quotations . ' The supply of fat pigs was good, but no t l arge . The fallowing were the quotations :—Beef, 6d to 7d; Mutton, 7d to 7.5 d ; lamb, Od t o Od ; vea l , Gd to 7d P er lb. ; pigs, 9s Gd to 9s 9,1 per score ; ro‘igh fat, 4s 91 to es, per 141 b.; hides, 34d to 4N per lb ; calf-skins; 4d t 9 ‘ l4 per lb. EDINBURGH GRAIN. -Arm 4. Wheat on the top 6d down, and the average 2s ld 111: 4 Barley ou the top 2s up, and average is id up. Oats on the top as before, and the average Os lid up. Beans on the top 641 down, and the average t s 2d up. Total Supply and Sales. Wheat 1035 qrs sold 829 qrs Barley 1145 qrs ' ....sold 915 qrs Oats 1944 qrs sold 1805 qrs Beans 351 qrs sold 242 qrs Top of Wheat ............................. 631 lb 82s 01 Barley. Oats Beans . 67i lb 49s 61 BOSTON—APML 4. At to•day's market there was a fair supply of all kinds of grain. A better feeling in the wheat trade than of late' and sales were readily effected at is, and in some cases 2st per qr. improvement. Spring corn a steady demand, at previous prices. _ - Prices : - --Wheat, red, 64s Od to 69s Od ; white, 70s Od to 72s Od extra, 75s Od. Barley, 27s Od to ;its Od. Oats, 22s to 28s. Beans, 41s Od to 44s Od. Peas, 38s Od to 41$ per qr. NEWARK-APRIL 3. We had a good attendance of farmers, with an excellent supply of grain of all kinds. Wheat and barley a reggil sale at is per qr. advance.. Wheat, s whiie 73s to 755, red 689 to 725; b ar l e y, malting 30s to 31s, grinding 28s t o 30s; oats, 24st. 30s to 345, 2 2 at• 26s to 27s ; beans, 42s to 44s ; malt, 68 s t o 70 s; peas, tv'' to 425; tares, 60s to 64s per qr. SEABORNE MAILS. (N signifies that the mails are sent trom the General Peat-offloe by the night—and hi by the morning—despatch.) Day whm mate From al. at When COUNTRIES. in General Post. P ort due . Office, London. Dispatched. Eneanc. • - Liverpool Each I"' 4anAmeeririecra thy(bt ilurinti.tpead Sts. Every Friday ... , packet) ...... ....N U_ States ••••• • •• • • Liverpool . Man!' 23 America (iy • •• •• •• •• •• Southampton a nast packet)rp atioian m ) ..... .....• Southampton May 24 Ditto (via !darseilles) Ditto (via Cape of tioed Hope) ............N ....... ... Uncertain Africa ( West Coast) ..N 23d of the month .. Plymouth .. April 6 Alexandria..........N 8,9, 24, & 30 of m. Dover ...... Alexandria........ „3,1 4th & 20th of mon. Southampton Bahamas 17th of the month Southampton Belgium ............N •• • • ••• • • • Dover ...... Daily Brazil „ „ „„ „im 9th of the month.. S , ,uthampton April 16 Buenos Ayres .. lit 9th of the month.. S., ut h amp ton Cape of Good Hope ..N Cape of Good Hope .. Various ports Unce•qa ili Cape de Vcrds ......N 9th of the month, Southampton Ceylon (see India) Ceylon .............. N Channel Isles ........N Mon.,Wed.,BtFril. Southampton Tu.Th•Fa t M .2dar 17th of moot? Southampton China .... . • ;Once a month.... M a rch 2 Constantinople 1.18,1308,23428 ot in Dover Constantinople „ „14th & 20th of mon. Southampton Omit. of Europe M& N Twice daily ...... Dover ...• Vetoed° Egypt (see India) France ........ M & N Twice dai1y...... Dover Twicedall Gibraltar ........ 1,7, 17,20, 27 of co. Southampton April 6 Greece (see India) Greytown ..........Dd,2nd & 17th of mon. Southampton April 1 flamburgh & Friday London - • , Havannah ..........M 2nd of the month Southampton April 1 Holland al Dai1y............ Dover ....... Honduras . m 17th of the month. Southampton Apra 1 India (viaSouthampt.)l4l 4th & 20th of mon. Plymouth .. • India (via Marseilles)sl 9th& 25th of month Dover ...... lonian Isles (see India) 7, 17;& 27 of mon Dover.. .. Ireland & N Twice daily Ilolj head ... Twiceclant Lisbon ..............AI 7,9, 17, & 27 of m. Southampton April 6 Madeira 9th of the month Southampton Madeira 23d of month Liverpool ... April 16 Media (see India) Malta 8, 18. &28 of mon. Dover .....• starch Mauritius (see India) Mauritius 14th of the month Mexico ....... ..... 34 2nd of the month.. gonthamptet. April I Naples .... ........N athlsth2sthormor... Dover ..., New Granada ...... 1Y 2d &17th of mouth ;Southampton New Zeiland .......... By private skip 'Various port Uncertain. Papal states ........N ithlsth2 s thofmon.lDovur Peninsula th 17 th 27 tholinon.lSou tha Nig) tot Peru ..M & 27th of mon . itCouthamptot Port Natal priiate ship...i Various ports uncertain. Sicily ..............Nlsthloth2sthoimou,Dover . Tuscany ........ Nlstitlsth2sthotiato ,!Dover „ Treneruela ..........kl l 2d 3; 1711 of Month Southampton April 1 Van Diemen's Land (so. ! • Australia) ..... , I Each 1.1.°° March 23 May 24 Daily April 16 ,Uncertilig Tu.Th.Fat March 2 ,April 6 ,Aprn ~pul T Iced" .4;11 6 16 iApril Siarch g° U n certain. West ' 1 7th o; month Southamptni April 1 • When any of these dates fall ol a Sunday, the malls will be _ is spatched on the following day, with the exception of the India Ti_ Southampton), and the Malta, b o th o f w h ich will be despatched the preceding de). WIND AND WEATHER REPORT. THURSDAY, APRIL 5. Stations. Conrseof Wind. State of Weather. Greenwich .. 5.W.......... Cloudless. Lothbury Manchester Maryport . Sheffield N.B. Fine. Stoke-on-Trent Whitehaven S. Lancaster .... ..... S.W Rain. Car,ll sle Cambridge S.E. Southampton S.E. Portsmouth Winchfield S.E. Poole Boston N.E. Fide. Great Grimsby Gainsborough ..... S.W Fine. Lowestoft S. Harwich N.E Ipswich Brighton Bristol N W' Fine. Plymouth Exeter .. . Gloucester W.N.W.... Fine. Cardiff E. ............ Cl ou d y. Swansea N.W... .... . . Fine. Ha.verford west Shrewsbury...— S.W .......... Fine. Leeds ' Leamington S. Derby W Fine. Leicester S.W... ....... Hard frost. Nottingham Hague N. Very fine. Yarmouth Holyhead Dublin Liverpool Yort. Edinburgh W Cloudy. • - Perth N.W ' Fine. Dundee Glasgow S.W. Cloudy. Aberdeen. W Fine. Berwick S.W Fine. Whitby Scarborough Darlington W.5.W...... Fine. Sunderland W.S.W Fine. Hull W. Fine. • Tonbridge Dover Strood N. Partially cloudy. BIRTHS. OF A BON. On the 4th inst., at St. Peter's Rectory, NorthamPt°l4 the Hon. Mrs. H. De Sausmarez. OF A DAUGHTER. On the 4th inst., at 111, Glocester-place, Portman-square• Mrs. F. Duff. . Al! ARRIED. On the 3d inst., at Dunmurry, Samuel Hollins, Esq., O f Manchester, to Katharine Helen, eldest daughter of V 7ol ' , M'Cauce, Esq., of Suffolk, near Belfast. On the 6th init., Edwin, third son of the late Mr. W• H. Smith, 13, Little Tower-street. to Isabella Anna, the youngest daughter of Mr. John Bunting, of Swan-street , Minories. DIAZ D. On the let inst., at Seafield, Greenock, Robt. Wallace, Esq., Into M.P. for Greenock. On the 24th ult., at 8, Penton-street, Pentonville , Henry Hilton, youngest on of the late David Hilton , news-agent, of tho city and county of Durham, and one ° f the branches of the Hiltons, Hilton Castle, Durham , aged 41. On the 17th ult., accidentally, at Balaklava, Edward De Blanc, Esq., surgeon to H. M. 9th Regt. of Foot, and the youngest son of the Into Wm. Le Blanc, Esq., aged 39. On the 29th ult., in London, Captain Edmund Wilso o Lanelles, late H.M.'s 22d Regt., aged 54. On the z9th alt., at the Vicarage, Wickenby, the BO' C. A. West. On the Ist inst., at Devonshire House, Mrs. Susannah Lines, for 35 years h ouse k eeper t o hi d G race the Duke o Devonshire, aged 75. On the 2d inst., Mrs. Jane Williamson, for 26 Yea r° housekeeper at the London General Post-office, aged 68. LONDON : Printed and Published by MIIRDO YOITNOP of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sun Office, No, 119, Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the county 61 Aliddlexex, Friday, April 6, 105,