The Sun. — London, England, 1855-08-11 00:00:00

• : G REAT WESTERN RAILWAY.- CHEAP EXCURSION to GLOUCESTE 0, CHELTENIIAM, .u.sS, HEREFORD, an d CHEPSTOW.—O n SUNDAY, A ugus t , -th, ro•), an Excursion Tr , in will leave Paddington at 7 a.m., returning L'.l.'2. In Chepstow at 7, Hereford, at 6.30, Ross, at 7, Cheltenham, at , :and Gloucester at 7.40, the same evening. ' Fares there and ',71,_-: Gloucester and Cheltenham, 10s: and Gs. ; Ross, 10s. 6d. and ,. 1:24.• Chepstow and Hereford, I Is. and 7s. Passengers having L'erle wlll only be conveyed at the ordinary fares. Tickets may aq Previously at the Paddington Station. I A CI I \ T DON and NORTH-WESTERN TOrt, RAILWAY. 5...,t3 TO THE LAKES OF WESTMORELAND AND CUM BERLAIID, OR NORTII WALES. ~.:rAes e Tiouta are now w XTENSIONT OF Tense. issued, available for THREE WEEKS; the or large Parties can bye pecial application, made before .e Tteltets are taken, have them , endorsed for a longer period. Fares to Rhyl, Bangor, Fares to Carnarvon, or Holyhead. Windermere and back. Ist Class. 2d Class. / 4 .,_ . I st Class. 2,1 Class. £3 10 o£2 10 0 o z " fo u r c' ci a . ••• .. ..... £3 10 £2 10 02 5 0 illim i .•• • • • 3 0 2 0 .. .. • • 3 3 0 nghani ...... 2 l'erboro agh .. 0 110 '`Lverhamnton .. • 115 1 7 •• 2 0 0 112 0 . .... 2 10 . 2 0 : : MAR order. General Manager's Officeßy , Euston Station, 25th June, K 1855.HUISIL "----.......___ • GREAT INDIAN PENINSULA RAILWAY e4l of2i. COMP ANY. Per share o n the .. rxperimental" Shares, now U. paid, c o l of 2 Making 31. share cled u. 1 1. Per share on the "Estension" al Bhares p , now 21 paid up, IVA o ption ~,,t• Making 41. per share called up. Payment to the full amount of 5/. per share Xceri n ., respectively. i , 4 oith e 11, ''' IS HEREBY GIVEN, That, in pursuance of a Resoltt• .iz ~,,_ o 'ird of Di rec t ors, the proprietors in this Company, hold- Share 74Perintent al" Extension' . Shares upen which 1/. per )44 3 , 21 . Per share respectively Is already called, are required to i n , 3141-timer Instalment of 21. per share upon each such share (mak (23' ottr:lisre and 4/. p er share respectively), OR or before the 25th . 41 co: imber, 1855, a t the flank of Messrs. Heywood, Kennard., mr bern,, ~Lolnbard-etreet London; and if such Call be not paid on allar en 'it said 25th Se . ptember the proprietors of the aforesaid Via. n s j,' ll not be entitled to interest upon any porti..n of their t ir rtar, ' l , 'will, nevertheless, be charreable with interest upon the Itevetn,ll,Zbittle to rate of 5 per ' cent. per annum, .and the shares will 'on A „ • 0 forfeiture, under " The Companies' C lauses Cor 501 - ,,,,,, ‘..et, 1845. l attlZtt'"ce is Hereby Further Given, That the proprietors of the /a 'lPeri . 7te "Eh , lbentaP' and " Extension" Shares can, at . their option, " 1 , 4 or bet . , tall amount of 5/. per share, on both descriptions of shares, ' , tsp.,. ; ° , r s the said 25th day of September, 1855, at the Bank of Arrult_erworo, Eennards, and Co. '441'4,471:1ents will be made, immediately after this payment, for *l 4ll fuitherthe severa l existing 51. shares into shares of 201. value, of notice will be given. °fIce,:,3I,,'RNELIUS 13ICH)LsON, Superintending Director. Pe "De Company, 3, New Broad-street, London, tr ,„"`" - -Thp• -,,, August Bth, 18.55. ,°-, th.,„ - -, egi , ter will be Closed, pursuant to the above i cal r l e s, Aire. ~,_' 4th to the inst., Transfers can, t ie .._ be etr e „ ; 3lst August end no --.....„........._____—eq after the 17th inst., until the calls are paid. - 11110, AN ' NA E I STABLISHED 1837. LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY. 1, Prin ces - s t ree t, B an k, London. 'DOwA r 'DOwA rA r., -- e. by Special Act of Parliament, 4 Viet., cap. 9. - era' ALEXANDER, Blackheath Park, Cnstxxia4. I t ,„ ea !;fairp:illg Rates of Premium for Qecuring Loans or Debts. q ‘lra lt ; s'L „Tillrns, only, required during first seven years. e d Payable at Sixty or at death if occurring previous' • ,RITANNIA MUTUAL LIFE ASSOCIATION. ,l'isont.„ l:ll4 ,,, Powered by her Majesty's Royal Letters Patent. rr esi„,„' l (led annually. i t Ztic re leolti?uted for every . three months' difference of age. Dtvi t Policies—the unpaid half premiums liquidated out or Aalf Whole Premium for Re mainder of Life. • i i°4r lrst lUl'l4l ; . Y ears, ztars. Annual premium, Half Quar- Yearly teiZy Pre- Pre mium. mium. IP lO 1 k d.l 4 S. d. Irn 40, , . 91 2 3 6i tO 1 ' 9 2 218 4! IQ . 2 , 2 6 4 5 N. ' 6 8 6 13 4 -.....„..,_ Years. Months 30 I 0 X s. d. £ s. d. l 2 7 3 1 4 21 2 7 6! 1 4 41 2 7 10 1 4 6 2 8 2' 1 4 8 E s. d. O 12 3 O 12 4 O 12 . 0 12 r E. R. FOS'TER, Resident Director. ANDREW FRANCIS, Secretary. PING and GUARANTEE BUSINESS tiPO II.III NED —The SOLVENCY GUARANTEE CO al • r Zittered p rov i s i ona lly), i n un i on with and t o su p erse d e th e t acts et Mimi Guarantee Company ; registered and incorporated 7 • 8 ; Parliament, 7 and S Vic., cap. 110, and 10 and 11 Vic., 14,Dosit in r the Guarantee of Debts, Rents, Bills, ote , , Bonds, iiisk" e9 ePon Embarrassed Estates, Contracts, and other Mone• y lvll e , c ' h and also for Banking in Combination with Debt Guarart t'eati3' facili tated Y vommorcial and monetary transactions in general will 1 on ,, a-38, King William-street, London-bridge. Manchester -23, Brown-street. 0r4 4 ,1 1 44j:,, ve ri , 001-35, ld Hall-street. c. t,ch 50,0 00/., with power to increase to I ,000,000/., in shares deposit, 10s. per share, or the full amount may be paid ato farth er calls are contemplated, but the holders of shares of th, , T o g will be privileged as fonows : p i ,: To 0 3 ' lle at any time the whole or any part of such !ha-es. s . if _prio e r 4 to lle th 'e a discount of Si. TAr cent. on the amount so paid bj t o .e Ist October. 1855. - ; 1 110 receive interest at Si. per cent. per annum on the amount 0 11 4 h anticipate solely in the profits of the r iscount Department, 14nt . o T ~:"e entire amount is reserved to shareholders. nr" ar tleipate partls'in the profits of the Guarantee Depart \?sh 'eh one-third part is reserved to shareholders. „' e hrdder w*,ll be Baffle beyond the amount of his shares - " v traet al lses to that effect bein; inserted in every guarantee and isk ll e , er . .t be signed until after the first A . nnual Meeting. 84i -° n e aa, l3 ,sny is not to be regarded as a new institution, but simply it4 - t l e3 zt ,l, 4 inn and reconstruction. on the propri . etary system, of the I,4,"ationntual Guarantee Company, which, since its complete re e 4 i,3r1 , 4 , 'n 1852, has, even wtth the limited powers aff rded by the it is.'ts,..„ 4 , t eal constitution, and in the tace of many and vast diffi 'ttroti'4Yed po.ition and attained an amount of‘ business which 1 0 A thelently asserted have never been equalled by any institution Ti ed e same time. This success it is believed be greatly he Al d ons , dulated by a further development of its powers. ti 9r ," as now extended offers to shareholders a safe and (espe- Zk a 9 , re % ,"`,..2aris of the discount branch) lucrative investment, he b,7lniii to them one-third of the profits arising from the gua t,, te s ,, 4l n e ! , of the Company. The remaining two-thirds of th'ise be "ivided among the assured members, who, addition kif,,4l;,. ‘ iZes conferred by their guarantees,. will derive leglti oeht irst valuable assistance through the Discount, Reference, GI ! l e titp, l ,,""very Departments. te of the Company which by the Deed of Constitution greatly extended, comprises , chiefly— apw:rhe DEBT GUARANTEE DEPARTMENT. thik h o ,; l eation of the principle of assurance . to this parpose is ar" accurately corn iled tibles, by which it is demonstrated a ng the immense number of m , rchants, hankers, manufac hin ~e 4 t raders of Great Britain, there is in each occupation, ye 4, 1 : 41 periods, a determinate average amount of insolvency. e t r o , r etions of this department comprise 2 ' 4, ler fc 3 Annual Return Guarantees, embracing the total sales of /'lo 4t . a fixed term. ( It p Nes ins Risk Guarantees, insuring only a specified part of an `, hr;,4Peeiai '` Risk Guarantees, covering separate risks, at premiums Iheording to the nature of each case to,,he ob. e R ANKING and DV , COUNT DEP kRTMENT. Wre d ii iects of this department are, by discounting trade bills t oc ri Y narantees issued by the Company, to afford to the ashare -414t. ac o sa j t i4Tilt, and to the assured the advantages of dis on with a guarantee on their gross annual 414 s Yst r in Q tsp, c adopted will. when fully developed, differ in no mate - t 1, f rom the usual business of the Joint Stock Banks. Co' rh t ll o Peratioas of this department comprise chiFfly -111'411,,"3,01ttit of trade bills covered by guarantees issued by this 4 tNtii.2 ., Cross annual returns. A preference will be given to tl to '1'11,7, Of shareholders. ;,krtroplaeount of claims admitted under any of the guarantee Th,'"`e, hut not due. he, 4 e receiving of moneys on debentures or deposit receipts. a4.` 4l nting of bills is strictly limited to approved trade bills , T is tnore than four months to run and covered by policies '' th e " Debt Guarantee Department." It is obvious that N c k a tlir, it-3,41,,,'M10ned restriction must give to the paper under discount `B. more perfect than ordinarily pertains to such invest er 4 111 1%1 therefore who seek for a permanent or temporary invest s e /tith" e 'r surplus capital at the highest rate of interest comna- YgAtis 41. 1 . f etY, will find in this branch of the Company's operations le 'entlY not less safe and remunerative than any afforded iced -stock and prvate banks. 0 fi ,.: 11 , ar ta " eonstitut i on provides for an annual division of the . , the following equitable scheme : tar t Drofi ts --1 :0 the shareholders as a bonus, i in addit . ion to the Tl/:clit. arising from the uso of their capital n the discount de- Oti e „ h o-tili m th e al. t c h s- - -To the assured, to he divided according to the rules; 4rnal o i e annliod annually i reduction of future premiums, and half to be applied iii the formation of a reserved fund. ck„ . ehls r - o " ns for shares prospectuses, agencies, made at htici n 2lees of the Company No 38 King William-street, Lon -45c, Ci ty. - - • • n tri ,To the D irectors Form of Application for shares. tk11e,,," of the Solvency Guarantee Company. ' 4 r ~.,"1 t h , ; ---I request that you will allot me shares of £5 to Pa le ss Sa o ve Company • and in consideration of such allotment be a Yth nni nher ' • 1 t Ckt e ' 211 T, You may apnron-iatehereby um er ake ba lf Ntti " per share thereon, and to execute the ,ct th in ernent when required ' day a , 185 . " ' Signature Residence •• .. Profession or Trade • Place of Business • y comwOLVENCY MUTUAL GUARANTEE altEB,4Bt. „„NY, London 38crilliam-street, London-bridge ; t• otl 4., Rrown-stre ' et Liverpool, 35, Old Hall-street. ' ror the guarantee of debts, rents. bills, bonds, compo t4o, dl to es'ates, and cater monetary risks. tt,r3,of Vuaranteed aga'nst loss by had debts, assisted in the re ehl;teily r,tUbtful debts, informed as to the solvency of buyer , and latm er °e4 of trouble, expenge, and loss of time in prosecuting* .spe,,_,Dsankrupteies, insolvencies, and private rrangements. c i i,..:_fortns of proposal, and information. on appl `"LES STUART CANSDELL, Managing Director. :,,, SOLVENCY MUTUAL GUARANTEE 111, I/kr r. ONPANY. 1,. -i 'rn t. - NOT ICE.—INTEREST at the rate of V. per cent. per 1— ' 4 1133” . 4".' P AYA.I3LE, at the chief offices as beow, on dehen "ed by this Cornnany in the year 1553. 44 ,_ Cl/ ~ ' '-ing 44',ES STUART CANSDELL, Managing Director. 4 am-street, London-bridge. . VESEND S T A. „ I . 4 l " rl t)th e „ „ ACETS. Pit,k ra ckets call at the K Greenhlthe and Purfleet Phys. atm all at the Piers as underlined (weather permitting I tOSI TERRACE PIER, GRAVESEND. !_'' W-----' 1) SUIt NAYA til 4., _e. 4 40 4 tr ~ Z a .z if) ? ~.- Is ~ E T , 1.4 -3 % Time - g '3 E ', -1 ~- "••••,.... z .i, L'. ,z ;;.' -, 7:!. 4 . ~ ;•,4 A' F, .8 , .1.. 5..., -••••••• —...... -- . __--.-- -- —.— --- --- 1 12% --.— - S .k '—. ___ 1214 1 . , ...., ___ __, 3 14 _. ...... 5 % ,...... 2_ i --...,.. —— 6 () , 4 ----- „, ---,-- 1 , , ,,, - .t)ltt - ----- '-- - 7— -- -: • --7-- ---- 9n' ea i Cg 4' 4 Priel 1,T40n.,_ an hour WEIARF nE3 Trai n , h _ _ !et Static)] :WXLL, 'enchurch. ival o Ltion. 11' 4 • ITS. SUNDAYS. 5 r I V, Fen- ; , church S t.; t a . s. Street 7, r. 4 e 10 II — —6% - Feats. Fore Cabin. Saloon 111. Tlla and t.on ' , ion orWoolwich • • • • •. •' • lad. .. Is. ckwall Sd. .. Os. 104 )rad0n.... .. Sd. Os. 104 6d. .. Os. Bd, ‘ l % T, , .. ii r 7 l (Ira vese FARES. ' Fore Ce di Ja. 1.,_:7,04,,,i ,nd .(1 t.oii ion— ——— ' • 101. le. V. , iinCi a, e , i'ld. Illackwall or Woolwich Bd. Os. 'O4 t .„, nth anl ~, 0 nd0n...... . ~........ Ad. Os. 10 d. 1431 en gra,:lackwall or IN;oo.lwleh• •. • • 6d. Os. Bd. tllllo'''.. l 'fie K :n`l aro rn tormocliate Piers... `/4-clutile P lu ite 4' 6 l , B ,_: '-O or lie e ivi i4r on l th ig . 4 jor l6 s; ,i,tia7:ooeht:addrc:fothr.4.ol,:aCscailllea,ccitcrl ~; g~ -. L .:, No. 19,615.] PUBLICATIONS. • • 13, CREAT MARLBOROUGH•STREET. A NEIN NOVEL, by Mrs. TROLLOPE, entitled, "GERTRUDE; or, Family Pride,l; in 3 vols., is in ;he press, and will be shortly published, Mee, s, Hurst and Illackett, successors to Mr. Colburn. OrderA recreiWd at all the Libraries. Just puhlished, price 55., by post, free, ss. 6d., STRICTURE of the URETHRA : its Rational Treatment and Prompt Cure. By F. B. COURTENAY, Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. " We believe Mr. Courtenay's experience in the treatment of stric ture during the last twenty years has equalled, if, indeed, it hal not surpassed, that of any of his contemporaries. It is, therefore, no matter of surnrise that he should enjoy the reputation of being s most dexterous and skilful manipulator with urethral instruments ; and when it is remembered that the lamented Liston used to assert that the introduction of instruments through a stricture which had previously been Impermeable to them, was the most difficult in the whole range of surgical operations, it must be no slight source of gratification on Mr. .2ourtenay's part, to have achieved the reputation he has In this res ,ect ; and for our part, with the knowledge we have of his experience, we know of no man to whose care we would with greater confidence entrust the treatment of a severe case of stricture of the urethra."—Medical Circular. London: H. Bailliere, 219, Regent-street. 1 1 0 COMMERCIAL TRAVELLERS and Othe , s.—The TRAVELLERS' and \LARNE ,T\TSIIR VINCE CO vIPANY grant Policies of Insurance against EVERY DESCRIP TION of ACCIDENT, whether occurring whilst travelling'or other ise. CAPITAL, 250,0001. • TRUSTEES.' The Right Honourable Earl FitzMilian'', E.G. Matthew Marshall, Esq: (Bank of England). - William Smee, Esq. (Bank of England). Sii Charles Fox. EXIIAPLE OF RATES. Annual Pr—niurn. gum at Death. Weekly Allowaice. £2 0 0 .£l. 5 0 i £l,OOO i £5 0 0 £5OO j £3 0 0 Forms of Proposal, Prospectuses, &c., may be obtained at the Chief Offices, 42 and 43, Poultry, London, between 10 and 4 o'clock. FRANCIS COBHAM, Registrar. NORTH LANCASHIRE.-ELIGIBLE INVESTMENTS. MIOWBRICK ESTATE, near to Kirkham. Highly desirable first class Lands, comprising 396 acres and upwards, 382 acres whereof are in a ring fence, ca led Pastors Barn Farm. with excellent farm buildings and cottages, situate near to Kirkham, in the northern part of the county of Lancaster, eight mPes from Preston, and about two miles from the Kirkham Station n the Preston, Fleetwood, and Wyre Railway ; and also several Plots of Land. and Crown and other Rents, Tithe Rent Charges in Nether Wyresdale, and the Manor or reputed Manor of Much Urs wick, near Uiverston, in the iron mineral district of North Lanca shire. The above very eligible properties will be offered for sale, by auction, at the Slack Horse Hotel, Kirkh , m, on TUESDAY, the twenty-first day of August, at Three o'clock in the afternoon. in eleven lots. They c mprise a very desirable farm called Pasture Barn Farm, containing 382 acres and upwards, in a ring fence. Als the well-accnstomed Inn, and several Plots of Freehold Land, situate in the townshieg of Medlar-cum-Wesham and Warton, in the parish of Kirkham, in the county of I ancaster. Also, a desira le Freehold Residence at Poulton-on-the-Fylde, suitable far a small genteel family. Also, the Manor of Much Urswick, or 'Vestbie Lands, near Ulverston, in th • Min'ral District of Furness, in North Lancashire, together with certain Carriage Moneys or Rents, amounting to 2/ 2s 7 1 4 d. ; as also, a Crown Rent of 18s., issuing out of Mowbrick Hall Farm, within Medlar-cum-Wesharo, aforesaid. And likewise a Rent of 21. 13s. 4d. issuing and payable out of the Manor of Heaton, in the county of Lancaster. And also, th, commuted Rent Charges in lieu of tithes, within the township of Nether Wyresdale, in the Parish of Garslang, in North Lancashire, amounting, in the aggre ffate to 48/. lbs. The above very valuable freehold properties, presenting eligible means of investment, will be offered for sale at the time and place above mentioned, unless previously disposed of by private treaty, of which due notice will be given. Particulars of the properties and lots, with plays, may he had on and after the twenty-first July, at the office of Messrs. William and Henry Parkinson 'harp, 2, Verul.m-buildings, Grey's-inn; and of John Rharp, Esq., solicitor, Lancaster ; of John Buck Lloyd. Esq., solicitor, Liverpool ; of Messrs Pilkingtnn and Walker, solicitors, Preston ; of Win. Butler, Esq., Dalton, in Furness ; at the principal betels in Lancaster, Preston, and Ulverston ; and at the place of ale. WM. BURNETT'S DISINFECTING FLUID. for destroying all Offensive Smells and purifying .lek Rooms, &c. Its cost is less than One Farthing per Gallon when diluted for use. sold by ail Chemists, and at IS, Cannon--treet, City. Gallons, ss. Quarts, 2s. Pints. Is. Half-pints, lid. TOZEAU'S COPAHINE, or SACCRARATED "? C ‘PSULF.I9i, approved of by the trench College of Physicians, uccessfully administered in the Paris and London Hospitals, and tcknowledged by them to be the best remedy for a certain disorder. (see Lancet" of Nov. 6,1852.) A copy will be forwarded on appli ,ation —Price per 100, 4s. 6d.: 50, 2s. 9d. To he had of the inventor, GABRIEL ,TOZEAIT, French chemist, 49, Haymarket, London, and ill the principal chemists. KT E he KERT T CII O JACKET, first invent o ed. is the m E ost gTentle manly garment for the season. For elegance and comfort it has no The KERTCII CACKET is the neatest article of Dress for home wear or for business, for the sea coast, or for pleasure excursions, The KIiiRTCH JACKET is cut with peculiar skill. and made with 'hat Neatness and Art which E. MosEs and SON only display. It is their design exclu'ively. It is approve i by every on who has in - sitected it, and its utility will make it the most popular garment tor the present and the approaching season. The KERTCH JACKET an only be obtained at E. Moms and SON'S. . _ London E.tah'ishment , —Minortes and Alag.tc. West-erd 'Branch—New Oxford-street and Hart-street. Count , v Branches—Sheffield and Bradford,_Yorkshlre. Colonial Branch ( , 'hnlesale) —Melbourne, Victoria. THE NEW SHOOTING COAT. The new SHOOTING COAT possesses novel features, and, Ike every other invention in Dress which has been produced by E. , 10SES and Sox, fully proves their perfectt, attainment in the Clothing Business, which they have sl long pursue I with inimitable success. The Materials of the new SHOOTING COAT are novel ; its Cut is thoroughly Artistic ; its Style is thArs exclusively ; imitation can not approach its excellences ; its appearance is elegant ; and in =porting exercises it will e found the easiest and most useful Gar ment which has been produced. Sportsmen may select all their Dress at E. MOSES and SON'S, with the advantage of Superior Quality and Cheapness. London Establishment—Minoties and Alagate. We:t. end Branch—New Oxford-street and Hart-street.. Country Bra fiches—Sheffield and Bradford, Yorkshire. Colonial (Wholesale Branch)—Melbourne, Victoria. IN THE HIGH COURT OF CHANCERY. TRIESEMAR.—On the 29th of May, 1855, an injunction was granted by the High Court of Chancery, and .n the 11 th June following was made perpetual, against Joseph Franklin and others, to restrain them, under a penalty of one thou -and pounds, front imitating this Medicine, which is protected by 'loyal Letters Patent of England, and secured by the Seals or the Ecole d , rharmacie de Paris, and the Imperial College of Medicine, Vienna. TRIESEIVAR, No. 1, 14 4. remedy for Relaxation. Spermatorrhcea. and Exhaustion of to. 'item, whether arising from excesses, accident, or climate. To those persons who are prevented entering the married state by 'se consequences of early errors it is invaluable. i'RIESEMAR, No. 2, rfectually, in the short space of three days, completely and entirely .t.dicates all traces of those Disorders which Capivi and Cubebs ive so long been thought an antidote for, to the ruin of the health a vast portion of the population. TRIESEMAR, No. 3, is he great Cont'nental Remedy for that class of Disorders, which u ortunately the English physician treats with Mercury, to the in e ' , aide destruction of the patient's constitution, and which all thr s ~s eparilla in the world cannot remove. rRIEREM AR, No. 1,2, and 3, are alike devoid of taste or smell. wad of all nauseating qualities. They may lie on the toilet , ithottt their use beinT suspected. • Sold In tin cases at I Is. each, free by post, 25. extra, divided int.. 3parate doses, as administered by Valpeau, Laßemand, Roux, &c.—To he had Wholesale and Retail in London of John 4on, 6g, lornhill; Hannay and Co., 53, Oxrord-st , eet t and ganger, 150, Ox trd-street ;R. 11. Ingham, druggist, 46, arket-street, Manchester ; I. Bradbury, bookseller, Deansgate, P,olton ; J. Prle , tly, chemist, 52, ord-street, Liverpool; Powell, bookseller, 15, Westmoreland-street, , üblin ; Winnall, bookseller, High-street, Birmingham. , TIE SECRET INFER AITIES OF YOUTII AN!) MATURITY. ust published, price 25., illustrated with cases; free by post for 2G stamps, NER V OTT S DEBILITY; Its Causes, Symptoms, and Cure.—An Essay on Spec natorrhcea, with Practical Observations on a safer and more ,CCCS3:III mode of treatment of the diseases of the Generative estem, obtained by the use of the Microscope in detecting and stinguisbine, by urinary examination, the real cause and effect of eery variety of complaint, whether arising from solitary habits, accesses, accident, or climate, followed by practical remarks, founded twenty years' experience in the treatment of Impuissance, ;ervons Debility, Local Weakness, Spermatorrhcsa, Fee. To which ire added, Commentaries on the Phylioloey of Marriage, with pre. etutionary hints on the evils emanating from empirical practice, sod on the dangerous remedies advocated by various writees on nese important disorders. By KA MUET, T A'MP.RT. 37, BEDFORD-SQUARE, LONDON, )octor of Medicine, Matriculated Member of the University of Edin burgh, Honorary Member of the Londoe ITOSpita' Medical Society: rAcentiat, of Apothecaries' Hall, London. *c., Ste. The es , ential object of this treatise is to point out the fearful con s quences resulting from certain habits, irregularities, and excesses, ehich have produced more misery in Youth, degradation in Man nod, and premature decay at all stages of Life, than, perhaps, ae:s Alter class, of disease known to modern pathologists. Its perusal is t;cularly recommended to per7ons entertaining secret doubts of eir physical condition, and who are conscious of haying hazarded health, happiness, and privileges to which every human being is 'titled: Tt is absolutely necessary that all men should know, that there arc • rinciples of personal management which cannot bo violated without elurring grievous penalties, and when wisdom and regret succeed e heyday of inconsiderate self-indulgence, how these penalties • „y be mitigated, how the sting of their bitterness may be removed, id how the evil and its consequences may be avoided, and above all, at there is scercely any degree of physical Infirmity or functional 'ernngement to which the timely aid of science cannot apply a cure. The Author has for a serie of years been engaged in an extensive 'recta, in the treatment of these delicate complaints, which have !fortunately been too generally confided to the care of ignorant emnirics., who inflict great injury on those who are induced to place faith in their pretensions. NERVOUS DEBILITY may he had, price 2s, of Messrs. Piper, 3rothers, and Co., 23, Paternostererow ; Hannay, 63, Oxford-street ; dome, 19, Leicester. square; Mann, 39, Cornhill ; or free by post for 26 stamps to any address from the Author's residence, 37, Bed ford-square. At home for•consultation daily from eleven till two, and from six till eight. VACANCIES, APPOINTMENTS, AND PROMOTIONS IN THE Cram SERVICE.— Ordnance Department.—Mr. J. L. Thomas, clerk of the works, has been appointed assistant surveyor. The following promotions have taken place in the Ordnance Department of the Tower of London Mr. B. Eaton, storekeeper from Devonport, to be store keeper, vice Stacey, who retires ; Mr. J. Baker, second senior clerk, to be first-class clerk, vice King ; Mr. E. C. King, first-class junior clerk, to be second-class senior clerk, vice Baker ; Mr. G. S. Beswick, second-class junior clerk, to be first-class junior clerk, vice King ; Mr. H. J. Parry, second-class junior clerk, to be first class junior clerk ; Mr. E. G. Lane, assistant clerk, to be second-class junior clerk, vice Parry. Customs. — The following officers have been raised in pay at Grims by :—Chief clerk. Mr. Walker, an additional 50/. ; first landingwaiter, Mrs. Rennison, 301. , second landng waiter, Mr. Wright, 20/. The appointment of landing- - waiter at Hull is vacant by the death of Mr. William Board. Appointments—Mr. F. Achrill has been ap pointed a clerk at Grimsby ; Mr. A. Watt has been ap pointed a clerk in the examiner's-office in London ; Mr. J. Bradford has been appointed a clerk in the Long room in London ; Mr. G. E. B. N. Bass has been ap pointed searcher in London ; Mr. F. Bullmore has been appointed a clerk in the Long-room in Lond6n. Pro motions.—Mr. Henry Maclean has been promoted from second to first-class clerk in the secretary's department ; Mr. E. Goodwyn has been promoted from the third to the second•class clerk in the secretary's department.— _ . Civil sorvic4 Ocratte. I* H.' ESTABLISHMENT OF PEOPLE'S LIBRA RIES IN THE RURAL DISTRICTS. • SPEECH OF LORD STANLEY, M.P. HATFIELD (HERTS), WEDNESDAY. A public meeting was held in the Riding-school at Hat field-house this evening, at which Lord Stanley, M.P., who is at present the guest of the Marquis of Salisbury, delivered a lecture in support of the establishment of a people's library for the village of Hatfield and the surround ing districts. The attendance was numerous, and included all the. principal gentry of the neighbourhood, amongst whom the feeling is universally favourable to the object for which the meeting was convened. The Marquis of SALISBURY presided, and in opening the proceedings said—Ladies and Gentlemen, the object for which you are assembled is to promote an attempt which is now being made in this county to improve upon the system of popular education, and my noble friend near me, Lord Stanley, has been kind enough to tender his services towards the attainment of this great and important object. The question of education is one that, for a considerable period, has commanded the growing attention of the country, and I believe that at the present moment there are a sufficient number of schools established to give the rudiments of education ie most districts. Much good has consequently been the result, inasmuch as [the elements of a truly religious education have been imparted to many who would otherwise have been left entirely destitute of them, and education without religion would be worse than no education at all. (Hear, hear.) But a link has been wanting in the chain. After the children have quitted school, they have had no oppor tunity afforded them of improving upon the knowledge they acquired there, and with the cessation of their attend ance at school has ceased the demand for education. All who bear me are aware that of late years there has been A great improvement in the ability and intelligence displayed by the children who have passed through our schools ; but it must be equally obvious, that after entering upon the active duties of life, they have little opportunity, especially in the rural districts, of cultivating their minds, and that they then gradually relapse into that state of ignorance the existence of which is a matter so much to be deplored. To the subject of popular education the minds of the most able of our statesmen and philanthropists have long been directed, and many attempts have been made to ensure its being carried out to the fullest extent. From various causes, however, all these attempts have failed, and no means have yet been adopted for continuing the educa tion of the population between the period of their leaving school and their growth to manhood. Now, one mode which has suggested itself to my noble friend, as a means of furnishing that continued education to all who are in clined to improve themselves, is the establishment of free libraries ; and at my request he has kindly consented to appear before you on the present occasion for the purpose of promoting such an institution in this neighbourhood He has made the attempt with very great success in several districts. He has assisted in establishing a large library at Oldham, another at Preston, and a third at King's Lynn, the town which has the honour of having him as its repre sentative in Parliament. I can only say that I thank him for his presence here, and that I hope you will give your warm and hearty support to the effort to form an institu tion of the sort in this county. This is the first instance in which such an effort has been made in so purely a rural district ; and in commencing at Hatfield I hope the move ment may spread throughout the whole country, and that the example which you set to-night will be followed by other districts ; and that my noble friend's exertions in the cause will not fail to meet their due reward. I will not de tain you further than to introduce to you my noble friend Lord Stanley. (Cheers.) Lord STANLEY then came forward, and said — Ladies and Gentleman,—You have heard the too flatter ing remarks of our chairman, Lord Salisbury, on my ap pearance here, and as there is nothing more disagreeable to any one of ordinary delicacy than even the semblance of interfering in matters which do not concern one, I think it only courteous to you, and due to myself, before entering on the general object which we have met in this room to talk over, to state in half-a-dozen words why and how I come to stand here to-night in the position of an adviser in a county and part of England with which I have no local connection. Lord Salisbury, always mindful of the duties which property owes to society, and rightly thinking that though Government may help in the work of education, yet that work must in the main be carried out by private efforts, had for some time past entertained the design of endeavouring to supply the educational re quirements of this neighbourhood on a scale and by an agency more extended and effective than had hitherto been employed. I mean by the establishment of a free, or nearly free, popular library. Now, such institutions are comparatively new to the rural districts of England. Iu Lancashire, however, and throughout the manufacturing districts, whore the population is at once dense, enter prising, and wealthy, they have grown up and flou rished to a great degree within the last few years. I have hail some little experience of such undertakings there; and Lord Salisbury, therefore, did me the honour, when this scheme was first mooted. of asking for such informa tion and counsel as I could offer upon some practical points. I gave it to the best of my power ; and I was then requested to repeat in public, and to a larger audience, that which I bad previously stated in private to a few persons. Hence this meeting, at which you will be pleased to remember that I appear, not as being myself .an actor in the work on which you are engaged, but merely as a witness to speak of that which I have seen elsewhere, and merely by desire of Lord Salisbury. and of those who are associated with him in this undertaking. Now, having said so much, let us see, first what has been done in England up to the present time in the way of providing instruction for grown persons ; next, what are the practical advantages to the public of such institutions; thirdly, what are the difficulties to be dealt with, and the probabilities of success in this particu lar case. It is, I fear, only too easy to show that,in regard of public libraries, England is far more backward than many countries whose state of civilisation is lower. I take the leading nations of Europe. Of libraries of the larger class, containing above 10,000 volumes each, and open with more or less freedom to the public France has 107, with 4,000,000 volumes. Austria ... 48 Prussia 44 England ... 33 Of which 500,000 is in the single collection Of the Museum. If I had included smaller collections of from 1,000 to 10,000 volumes, the result would have been much more unfavour able ; but of these it is almost impossible to obtain ac curate returns. A fairer test is the following, as it shows the amount of accommodation actually afforded to the Public in each country : In Saxony, which stands at the head of the list, there are for every 100 inhabitants Denmark 412 Bavaria 339 Tuscany (not the most enlightened state in Europe) 261 Prussia Austria 167 France Belgium England and United Kingdom Or, in regard of this particular kind of educational provi sion, we have just one-eighth the accommodation of Saxony, one-sixth that of Bavaria, one-third that of Austria, and two-fifths that of France. In the United States the popu lation is scattered, distances are great, hooks are cheap, most persons can afford to purchase on their own account, yet already there are more than 100 libraries of 5,000 volumes and upwards, and scarcely a village without some thing of the kind on a smaller scale. Some steps, how ever, have been taken in England of late years. In 1819 a committee of the House of Commons was appointed, which led to the passing of an act, authorising a local rate for the maintenance of free libraries in corporate towns. That act has been extended in the present session of Par liament, and so far as the Legislature is concerned every populous parish might now provide itself out of public funds with a free library. But that power is not, in the present state of opinion among ratepayers, practically available ; and for many years to come, in small and rural communities at least, the promoters of such designs will have to appeal to voluntary exertions only. Now. what have those exertions done up to the present time? Except as connected with mechanics' institutes, or institutions of a similar kind under different names, there are very few public libraries open to all classes. Of mechanics' insti tutes there aro in existence been 800 and 900—I say in existence, but the existence of many is little more than nominal. Some do their work well and prosper ; some more or less assume a party charac ter, as is always likely to happen where lectures are delivered ; but the majority live from hand to mouth, have no considerable stock of books, nor accumulated capi tal ; are, therefore, obliged to lay themselves out for popu larity, and in so doing, though their existence is on the whole better than nothing, they do not adequately fulfil their functions of public instruction. That is, in few words, the state of adult education in Great Britain. It is not a satisfactory one, and it promises to you, and to all who are minded to help in the work of reforming it, occu pation for some considerable period. That work will not be complete, the educational requirements of the nation will not be fully satisfied, until the literature of our lan guage, the written thoughts and recorded acts of every great man who influences opinion at the present day, shall have been brought within easy access—easy both as regards local proximity and pecuniary cost—of every man and of every woman who can read and write. At this point I may be asked, and it is an inquiry which I do not seek to evade by vague generalities or declamation, " Is there any real necessity for, any practical 'utility in, such an educational provision as you propose, and what are in definite terms the benefits which you expect from it?" In answering that inquiry 1 am not going into a general panegyric of educa tion against ignorance; that would be pedantry fit only for a school exercise, and unworthy of a meeting assembled for a practical object. Only this single remark I will make and then pass on. I think we put education on a low and unworthy ground when we treat it, which many do, as a means of acquiring fortune or advancement in life. We must all feel, if we reflect upon it (I am sure I do) that a man's station in the world, the social position which he occupies, forms a very small part of his real and true existence. Society makes one man a peer, another a trades man, a third a labourer; but Cod made us all men ; and what we mean, or ought to mean, by education, is the de velopment of those common human faculties which we possess, and which, possessing them, we aro bound to cul tivate iu ourselves, and to help others to do the same. So far, I apprehend, we should all agree. The real difficulty which many sensible persons feel, the most plausible ex ception which is taken to such plans as we are now discus sing, turns, not on a doubt whether mental cultivation is worth having, but on a doubt whether it can be attained I am trying to deal fairly, a nd to give full mainly, or in a grea t de g ree, b y t he reading of books. Bear witness that weight to any arguments that may be used in defence of views contrary to my own. That is the real controversy at issue. " How far are books, or the study of books, valuable in forming character ?" That they aro not indis pensable, we all allow. Great characters have been formed without them. The men who have been greatest in action and thought have trained themselves with little external aid ; and, on the other hand, we know men whose book knowledge has been to them rather a hindrance than a help, who seem to have lived upon the thoughts of-others until they had become incapable of thinking on their own account. But admitting such exceptions, and allowing also that mere study without action cannot develop a com plete human character, there are circumstances in our na tional life and habits that render literary culture peculiarly valuable to us. There is no fear of pedantry becoming na tigilgitied i glogiand, the Nth*, bent of our Mind!) is the 2 e V ' fr TT rvl . rar pv, - . _ _ ; • • , " • ! n+: [PRICE 4D. STAMPED SD• complishnient ; but, as surely'as dawn succeeds to dark ness, and day to night, so surely is man entering on a new era, and rising to a higher civilisation than the world has yet witnessed. That is not the language of exaggeration or of enthusiasm—it is the conclusion at which the profoundest reasoners, the coldest calculators, have long since arrived. Mark the effect of mechanism in super seding brute labour. In industrial matters the leading feature of the age is the substitution of inanimate for human labour. That is a change of which we have hardly seen the beginning, far less the end; and though its first results may be, and is, to unsettle and to disturb, and for the moment rather to augment than to lessen hu man suffering, yet that first effect can in its nature only be temporary ;,the ultimate end must be a degree, not only of comfort, but. of leisure , to the working man, such as our present social arrangements do not allow, and the want of which is'the greit bar to diffused intellectual progress. But ' I am looking toe far into the future; I return to what is immediately round us, and I say to you all, as I feel it myself, that it is your duty and mine, as good citizens, to omit no act, private or public, that may tend, as assuredly this will, to cement and consolidate the union of classes—lt - is -- your -duty -and _rninA, as interested in the future fortunes of this great, empire, to see that- England shall not lack, by any default of ours, the incalculable strength that an educated people confers on a state. It is your duty and mine—as God-fearing men, as lovers of mankind, as having learnt that lesson of universal brother hood which for 1800 years has been recognised on earth as highest truth —to see that as we ourselves value more than property, more than influence or power, more than the opinion of those round us, that intellectual culture and those great ideas which have formed all our habits, and moulded our characters to - what they are—so that boot, almost the greatest which this world can give, and without which this world were little worth having, shall be spread abroad as widely, and granted a.; freely, as those other blessings of air and light which are denied to no living creature on this globe. (The noble lord resumed his seat amidst loud and protracted cheering.) The Hon. and Rev. W. TALBOT, rector of Hatfield, then proposed a vote of thanks to Lord Stanley for his able and eloquent discourse. The motion was put and carried by acclamation. Lord STANLEY briefly aeknowledged.the compliment. The meeting then separated. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. ( From the Times of this day. ) It would be most' unfair to deny that it is a. great hardship to the Heine Of Lords, and a damaga to those national inter: ests over which its influence is pre-eminently conservative, that it should be called on to discuss the details of an impor tant innovation in the last struggling hours of the session. With whom the fault rests it avails not to say, but if the House of Lords, with its accumulated store of legal talent, with ex, ex-ex, and ex-ex-ex Lord Chancellors, perpetual Chief Justices, and other high legal and mercantile authori ties, will not initiate measures of its own, it must be content with the laconic veto to which its powers threaten to decline. When Government is unable to force more than, a small frac tion of its well-considered and much-wanted bills through the Commons, it is not the fault of that Government if the Lords have occasionally little more than to say " Yea," or " Nay," to a measure. The only equivalent in these cases is that close attention and that full consideration which every Peer may give, if he pleases, to the reported debates of the Commons. Nevertheless, whatever the cause, whatever the mitigation, the fact is one to be lamented. We would much rather have seen such men as Lord St. Leonards, Lord Camp bell, Lord Redesdale, and Lord Grey bestowing a week on such a measure as the Limited Liability Bill than compelled to have out their say in a night; but there appears to be no help for it, and it is either this or nothing. Our regret is in creased by the justice and truth, or rather the foundation in justice and truth, which we must admit in some of the objec tions to the measure and its details. If there were time for the Lords to take the measure in hand,.te turn it over, to see it on all sides, possibly their objections would assume a more practical form, and we might get some good out of them. As it is, some of their lordships appear to have importuned for delay—derisively, with insult and menace, not caring to conceal that, were the bill once in their hands up-stairs, it would never see the light again ; or, at least, only reappear so altered that its parents would be unable to recognise it, and so incapable of doing harm that it would be equally incapable of doing any good. Such a tone may serve to relieve the severity of debate, and to soften the rancour of controversy, but it is not likely to increase the public respect for the Upper House, nor does it give much encouragement to the Lower House to send up its bills in better time. Of course when- this was the temper cf the Opposition, there was no alternative but to muster the supporters of Government, and force the bill through the House with the least possible delay. But, having admitted that there was a foundation of jus tice and truth in the objections urged on Thursdai night, we must beg to explain that it was so for the best possible reason —viz., that there was hardly an objection which , did not equally apply to all forms of conducting mercantile business whatever. The complaint that wherever partnerships en command* are allowed—that is, everywhere except in this country—there is a peculiar code of laws found necessary to repress the peculiar abuses of the practice, is a - matter of course ; for there is no form of mercantile enterprise, from the railway, company itith fts 70D wiles of limo, its thirty millions of capital, its thirty thousand shareholders, and its noble chairman, down to the little huckster who opens a corner shop and sells a " dip" at a time till he gets money enough to take out a license for the sale of tobacco or beer, that does not require a whole code to check its inevitable abuses. There does not not exist any way of conducting business, either by one or a myriad, towards which, after all, the creditor has not to use his wits, and not less his moral instincts. Character is the only sound security, and where this is wanting, or rather where there is no satisfactory proof of its existence, every house that you trust with your money, whether one man, or twenty, or ten thousand, or ah unknown quantity, is unsafe. It might have been supposed that the noble lords who talked so sagaciously and so ominously of the frauds likely to be perpetrated by partnerships with limited liability, and of the corrective laws that Parliament would in a year or two be called on to supply, had never heard of a railway company declaring 5 or 7 per cent. when it had made no profits at all ;—had never heard of a solemn, old, pious, and respectable bank failing without a moment's warning, and disclosing half a century of fraud— had never heard of the great attorney of the county, with the estates of ten peers and the savings of 500 small people in his hands, bursting like a bubble and found as empty of cash— had never seen a Gazette or a list of insolvent debtors—had neier had a butler or cook, who lent the savings of his life to some well-spoken shopkeeper and never saw a sixpence of his money again—had never heard of a Building Society or a Benefit Club on self-destruct ive principles. Of ...course, _ _ there will be fraud everywhere. Dishonest men, and that still larger and more dangerous class of weak, indolent, and stupid men will always, in one form or another, contract obligations beyond their means, and muddle the accounts they are en trusted with. There always will be men of these classes, so decent, so plausible, and with such au excellent opinion of themselves, and so well able to impress that opinion upon others as to inveigle the unwary into unlimited confidence. With the universality of these evils, showing itself, like at- mospheric pressure or the morbid tendencies of the human frame, everywhere, always, and under ail circumstances, there really was something ludicrous in these venerable noblemen croaking sinister predictions of failure, abuse, remedial laws, late repentances, and srious additions to the business of the courts. Grant everything, what does it all come to ? Just nothing at all, except a homily on the commercial existence of evil, which we don't want a resurrection of dowager Chan cellors to persuade us of. These high legal authorities appear to have fallen into the very groat fallacy, though a natural one in this case, of view ing the question from the criminal side. Even that side of the question, indeed, has its lesson, as we have just drawn it out,—that, as there always must be abuse of mer cantile confidence, the certainty of it is no more an argument against one form of commercial enterprise than another. But their lordships appear to have for gotten that, if fraud is be counteracted, that is no rea son why honesty and industry should not be set free, and, if simplicity will always be imposed upon, that is no reason why vigilance should not be left to the use of its own eyes. We have a right, and we conceive it our duty, to start from the case of the honest, the sensible, and the industrious, and to assist them in using their money to the best advan tage. We are told, indeed, that they ought to leave their money in the Savings-banks, or to invest in the Funds, or to buy Railway Shares ; but, with all due respect for the excel lent security offered by the first of these, and the good interest promised by the last, we still incline to the opinion that a commercial business, conducted by persons whom we have reason to trust, is a very legitimate and proper investment for the savings of little people ; while, on the other hand, this form of mercantile combination is likely to open trade, to give fresh opportunities to clever tradesmen and ingenious mechanics, and to explode adulterations and other fraudulent manufactures. As to the warning that companies will be formed for the express purpose of imposing upon us all, of receiving stolen goods, or of carrying on some disreputable business under a plausible form, are not these things done already ? Is not every article of food, or medicine, or manu facture, adulterated till it can hardly be got genuine any where ? Are there not conspiracies of all kinds against the health, the property, the morals, and the very lives of the public ? We are at a loss to see how any trade can be worse conducted than it is very commonly now. Indeed, their Lordships, in their eagerness to make out a case against the bill, fished up objections of the most contrary and self-coun teracting tendency. One was, that there was no want of capital now for any profitable trade or any respectable trades man ; another, that the bill would enable the capitalist and the superior tradesman to crush the smaller ones ; ono ob jection was that servants and other people of that class would be fleeced of their money ; another that they would combine to get the custom of their masters ; one that private enter prise would be certain to prevail ; another that it would be extinguished. There is some truth in all these ob j ections, but they may happily be set against one another. that it is With regard to the amendments, we must s!l th „ u ppia. unfair and unwise to proceed so confidently . sition that these partnerships will be wising sr other forms of other or to im pose more checks than are found desirable I s unnecessary to enterprise. Of the amendments rejected speak, so a word or two on those whsttie.hsct ins. capital without were adopted. Sup posing half a dozen people wish to to b committing their whole fortuneso the Sum be driven to a merely tbousipess really carr i e d I 9 Supposing that, owing on by only one of them, why ar ostensible scheme of 25 shareholders. to the beneficial character aenod consequent success of the bill, ° com pete largely with the private numerous as to realise the fears of partnerships becoim be some objectors, an( dealer, efro,r form s it proposed p r ivate thatenterprise wr p t h h rai e ts e ß i? o s aA d tlol whose 0 . Trade shallos t is the a audit ys auditing the accounts of nothing more than a then is there not to to be? Why, too , bank, be a public audit of railway company, every everw every J assurance coin , other association in pa ny, and every the ki ng d om ? A s t o the clause providing for the unlimited liabilit y • of directors in the case of dishonest dividends, and of the winding-up of a partnership in a certain stage of course it may be admitted that pecuniary exhaustion, of the direction of a business uns nobody ought to undertake ss be knows what he is about and is content to be more than ordinarily responsible,— though, no doubt, m any win • ,—but as to the particular point at which a business should whether it will e ver be be wound up, we should doubt hit under the Operation of this bill, any more than it is in existing practice. As the measure, : however, is a first step, and in some degree an experiment, its particular previsions do not signify very much ; for in one respect, doubtless, the fears expressed on Thursday evening will be amply —P-Y realised, ajicl pot zany :e6eiollE a if ow, will O.IJI - " 4 1F 0,2„ . • , k l 1111.4 ,5 0". : •, Fir /- . . „ „, 7 -4 , jtiro > ROIL i n 4: :„ 237:1 1 1 1 7 - - Zo l* C r b ' ''& " LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, AUGUST 11, 1855. other way. There is a love of action, a devotion to busi ness, an impatience of abstract pursuits, a dislike to occu pations which do not bring come immediate visible return, which is perhaps excessive, and certainly strong enough to counteract any tendency towards mere bookishness. That we all recognise and feel. But there is something more. Life, in the present day, is busier than ever before. Take ell classes through, you find more work, less leisure: That state of things is not our fault; individuals are not to blame for it, law cannot alter it. Custom and competition press us all on alike. With a very few exceptions we are all absorbed in our special pursuit. The lawyer who wants to lead his circuit, the politician who wants to lead the House of Commons, must be a lawyer or a politician exclu sively. With the merchant, with the tradesman, with the artizan, it is the same. Most men—at least, most success ful men—live for their work alone, and have few interests or ideas unconnected with it. The result of that state of things is—to put it in one sentence, that general develop ment is sacrificed to particular aptitude. The man is trained—l speak of all classes equally—not to be a com plete man, but to be a tool in the most perfect state of effi ciency for the performance of a particular kind of work. That is an error ; and the best remedy for it—one no doubt imperfect, but still preferable to any other that we can tind—is to counteract this partial and imperfect teaching by a large acquaintance with human life and thought in ill its varieties—a kind of knowledge which, as regards the mass of men, can be given only through books. There is yet another reason wh y I thi n k book-teaching more va luable in this country than in any other. We in England are in the habit of boasting of our freedom of speech ; and no doubt, so far as legal and political restraints are con cerned, that freedom exists; but any one who has com pared the social habits of this nation with those of any other, I care not in what class, must have observed that whether from temperament or mere custom, here is a reserve, r. eenetraint, a reluctance, even among friends, to exchange thoughts freely on ques tions of real and deep interest, which causes us to learn Less from one another than we might. I believe that ideas are less freely circulated by word of mouth in England than ,n any other free and equally civilised community. If that be so, the want or the deficiency of that teaching (for such it is) which really thoughtful human speech supplies, furnishes another argument for the diffusion of literature as that channel through which knowledge is most practi cally and usefully accessible. There is one single observa tion further which I would make before I leave this part of the subject. The want of educational facilities for grown poisons, the popular delusion, for it is one, that education ends in boyhood, affects injuriously our system of school-teaching. It leads to one of two results, both bad, and which is worse Ido not pretend to decide. In one case a boy thinks, or his parents think for him, that he will have nothing to do with books when he grows up, and why should he trouble himself about them now? In that case he learns nothing. Otherwise, and perhaps that is quite as common a result, the parent's idea is—" Whatever instruc tion my son is to get, he must get before he leaves school ; therefore be ought now to learn a little of everything." And so, without regard to mental or physical laws, an attempt is made to force nature—to crowd into half a dozen years what should be the business of a life — the child is crammed and stuffed with knowledge- the man is starved. So far we have regarded only the educa tional side of the subject ; but it has also a social aspect. It will not be affirmed that in this country there is any want of liberality or of public spirit. Such would be an unfounded imputation. But it is certain that from what ever cause, partly from reserved and domestic habits— , partly from that devotion to business which absorbs most of us, and creates an indifference to other matters—partly also from the great and rapid increase of population in these islands within the last half century, so rapid that the appliances of civilisation have not kept pace with our mate rnal development—be the cause what it may, there is a want in England of pursuits and pleasures which are common to all, of institutions open to all, of places which all may frequent for recreation or amusement. That is a serious so cial evil. Every park or garden which you throw open, every museum or picture gallery to which you admit the public, is a clear gain to society, not only in the pleasure which it 1 , creates, and the consequent feeling of content which it causes, but also in the recognition which such an act in volves of a common citizenship, and in the pledge which - it seems to give on the part of the wealthy to the poorer sort, that the wealth which these see round them is used , 7 not selfishly, but th a t they also sh are i n th e conven i en ces and advantages which it can purchase. And so with these libraries. Apart from their educational value—apart from the pleasure which they will confer, they will hold out to every one who, though poor, aspires to rise, and, though untaught, desires to learn—and there is not in England a r village but contains some such—they will hold out, I say, to every such person a practical and conclusive proof that those who have been more fortunate in the accidents of life, and who stand on a higher intellectual level, are not withheld by selfish indifference, or by a still more un worthy jealousy, from aiding, so far as they can, his ad vance, and saving him from that most painful of all suffer- I ings—the sense of undeveloped faculties, and the conscious ness of unrecognised talent. I now come to the third and concluding part of this question, and assuming that which t- you propose is desirable, let me see whether, under all cir s. cumstances of the case, it appears practically possible, and cl if so, by what means it should be accomplished. Is it in our power to place virtually within reach of all, rich or poor, ' 3 '; within the limits of this town and it s i mme di a t e neighbour hood, the principal literary resources of their own language? I think it is. Est before wining to that conclusion we must of examine fairly to see what obstacles lie in the way. And when of I speak of obstacles believe me that I have no wish to over miook or deny their existence. lam not arguing for a cause, not contending for victory. lam trying to consider, and ne asking you to consider with me, the means which may be s ; of actually at hand for the attainment of a practical object. And for that investigation the first requisite is accurately be to number and measure the difficulties which we have to a , face. I class them under three heads. There is, first, the rd difficulty of obtaining funds with which to establish the an institution proposed. Next, the difficulty of obtaining ke .er for it, when established, a suffici e nt p o p u l a r support among th the class by whom it is to be used. Thirdly, the difficulty of so selecting the works to be used as to answer the edu cational end in view, yet give just cause of offence to no one. On the first, question of funds, I shall be very brief. It is a matter on which you a r e the best judges, and the decision of which rests with you. I will only state what, m. so far as my experience has gone, is the cost of founding a 100 free library, on such a scale as to make it worth the pains Ir- and labour bestowed on its establishment. When at ac- tempting such an undertaking in a locality which is µ , s not populous, it is necessary at once to ascertain what is the the smallest scale and what the minimum amount on which it can be done. Whatever you can add to that is so much clear gain; but that minimum ought, in the first instance, El 7 to be ascertained. And the rule which I would lay down 112 is this—that you ought to be able to include most of the 130 leading authors who have written on any important sub -261 ject in the English language. No doubt there is great 200 vagueness in these words ; and the number of volumes 167 which you must assume as necessary, and in the inability 129 to obtain which you will not proceed, is arbitrary also. I 9", assume it at 1,500 volumes. Now, when I mention that 53 number , many persons ask—and, indeed, with some minds wi it is the chief obstacle to works of this description—" How ny is it possible, in so narrow a compass, to convey even the , most imperfect idea of what the great men of all ages have sod pu- done and written 1" They think that if any attempt is made to place literature before the people, it should be on sap, a great scale, and that being impossible, that the thing is ant, 000 not worth doing. Now, in that view there is something me exaggerated, if not actually unsound. The great writers - ow- of the world, and the great events of the world, are really 1819 L very few. We all know that the mass of what is called ted rate' literature, ur i e n , p g o i u la r h e t d ity f , or a t n h d by tha t t he qu p a re n s t s i , am ty is is co o n s t t in iza l lly yes. imuiclrleioansinogf. books ; B t r h it e is N h of containsrai Paris s nearly half a Par million. But when youatl‘ifoucnosaemluthe matter veryaloneye analyse you will find, that of all that vast mass of books which iblic come to the has been heaped together since the world began, a very ;ally small proportion are available for those purposes with l which alone you have to do-- pur poses of general instrus. m w r i a l l tion and study. Let us look into this for a moment. what There is one large class of works whose interest is merely :cept local ; there is another which relates exclusively to the ofns 'excluded. a few exceptions, are Again, there has at 'all practice of particular professions. Both these classes , with r few nsti- times been, and never more than now , a mass of writings say manufactured for the market—put together to meet some little want or fancy of the moment ; books which are destined, and and which even their writers know to be de s t i ned , to a arse- merely ephemeral existence • those you strike out , of are L course. Lastly, there is yet another class, far more numer euth, ous than all of these put together, including I suppose ewe r - - one half of all that has over been written — l mean books popu- which have been useful, which have done good service in n the their time, some of which at the moment when they ap peared may even have advanced human knowledge , but Ifulfil few which being now superseded by more recent ideas, and It is by a more complete and exact science, have retained no to all interest or value except to antiquaries. Exclude all theae occu- —exclude all that is merely l ocal, merely professional , II not that is ephemeral and worthless , o r antiquated and obso lete, and you will have r educed the total amount , I do s r a t i i a o u n not say of literature, but of that literature which lives in - and influences men's min ds at the present day within every For what is it, after a ll that you , shall very narrow compass- _ ds of the e e nations—the personal recor most eminent men eve d s want men to know The annals of the most important 'lnmay that have appeared on the earth—the arguments used in eva d e those great controversies which have divided human real I thought in all ages—the elem e ntary principles, at least, on sti iy onal which scientific and artistic la bours are based, and those me the studies of life and character w hich poetry and fiction sup g that ply. lam not speaking at random, but from some former educe- consideration and inquiry into this matter, when I state, my for that for purposes of general reading, excluding authorship , sled f or professional objects, or antiquarian research, a collection eke and of 5,000 or 6,000 volumes will contain all that is essential. w and That is here beyond your reach ; but even one-third or SS a one-fourth part of that is a public benefit not to be de - C ;. S, We apised. Now, hero I must beg you to pardon a few words that a of rather minute detail, because it is just in minutiee that rich he a plan is apt to brea k down. I have ass um ed the number d true of books which you will re quire at 1 , 5 00. Of these you trades- may reckon the average cost as 4 s. per volume, five to ;and the pound, making an exp en diture of 300 1 . There will be the (le- some slight cost in fitting up a room, and it is well to a c h we have in hand a reserve equal to at least one year's subscrip to col tion ; and I would therefore suggest that you should CZ', take 4001., or at the very lo west 3 50 1 ., as the sum which le.!fiicult if you fail to obtain within a definite period (say six ble ex months) it will not be worth while to proceed. If there disco: really is not interest eno u gh felt in the design to provide so ation small an amount, i t is fa r better to look that state of ttainc things in the face, to po s tpone the undertaking as hopeless for the time, and by so d oing to leave the ground clear for ft s. Be. those who may be more fortunate hereafter, than to set up i" fence a th' ing w ich will have been a failure from the first, which nobody will b e fon d of , which nobody will take an C r i o 3 v o e oi interest in, which on that account is likely to die out for. A inc want of support, and will be merely a hindrance and an fore impediment in the way of more successful operations at some atest future time. How ever, o f that contingency there can be th li little risk, if a rumo ur be t r ue which has reached me, that n wl already, with no ca nvass a nd but little publicity, the pro ace I meters have secured half the amount required. Next we of have to deal with a not les s material question — " What de aeir gree of popular supp ort have you a right to expect ?" Here, alto of course, I must sp eak wi thout the confidence of absolute p a certainty, because (and this it is which gives its chief value . ou to the experiment on which you aro engaged)—because in ecu a community wholly or chiefly agricultural the trial has mix s carcely yet been made. But taking, as before, an ids limit, I think the income on which you ought to be able to count should not be less than one tenth of the capital subscribed-401. Infixing a rate of pay ment you have to steer between two opposite extremes. On the one hand, the subscriber ought to feel that he is not re ceiving a gift, but contributing, in part at least, to main tain the institution by which he benefits; on the other hand, wages are low the labouring class, and even many above that class, have little to spare, and your object is, as far as possible, to exclude no one. In towns we have usually fixed the rate at ls. quarterly, or 4s. yearly. It is quite a local question, on which I offer no opinion—whether even lower terms will suit you better, or whether under any cir cumstances, and, if so, under what, admissions should be free ? At 4s. you will require 200 subscribers ; at 2s. 400. The only principle which one can lay down in suck a matter is, that the income should cover all current expenses, and that an far as possible it should be made up, not by wealthy persons out of charity, but by those who really use the library. A good deal depends on the extent of area which you embrace. You have not here a concentrated population, and you have within a moderate distance at least two towns, St. Alban's and Hertford, in which I am Mistaken if the example which you are setting will not be followed very shortly. You can reckon, therefore, for this particular enterprise only on such an area as will contain some 10,000 or 12 , 0110 persons; that is, from 1-16th to 1-14th the entire population of the county. Making large allowances for all who will not or cannothelp —for those who cannot read, for those who have at home all the books they require, for those who are too busy or too for those who are too rich to want a public library or too peer to pay for one, for the very young or the very old, it is not unreasonable to assume that 1 in 50 of the re sident population will even from the first become sub scribers—that is, something like 200 in the one ease, 250 in the other. lain speaking of what you may expect at first, before people's minds have become familiarised with what you are doing; later you may count on a large increase, and I am purposely, out of a caution which is perhaps ex treme, adopting a lower estimate than experience else where would justify. I will not waste time in citing at any length the example of what has been done elsewhere, but just mention the position of three institutions with which I have been myself connected. Two of them were set up in Lancashire towns, of no large size, containing a population chiefly of artisans and small tradesmen, with but few resident gentry ; in one case party spirit ran high at the time ; in both cases a large proportion of the labouring class were Isiah, unable to read or write, and from whom no help could be expected. , We had this further disadvantage, that within a few miles cheap and popular libraries already existed, from which it was possible, though not convenient, for those who wished it to supply themselves. In each instance the size of the undertaking was much the same as it is here ; the rate of subscription fixed was 4s. At the end of 18 months, neither undertaking has had a longer trial, the results were as fol low one case, the subscribers were to the population as 1 in 30; in the other, where a larger area was taken in, as 1 in 35. Again, in Lynn, Norfolk, with a population of 20,000, in the centre of a purely agricultural district,where no attempt of this kind had ever been made before, we have, after 8 months opening, 800 subscribers, or 1 in 25. Now, I think I have allowed enough for the difference be tween an urban and a rural population in regard to these matters, when I set down as an estimate, a sufficient and satisfactory estimate, just one-half the proportion which exists in this last instance, and two-thirds that which ex ists in the other two. I have given you the data on which I rest, and I think they justify me in affirming, as I do with confidence, that so far as it is possible to predict the future from the past, and so far as you can judge of one part of the country by that which has taken place in another, you have in regard of popular support for your undertaking, not a chance only, but what amounts to a certainty of success. One word only as to the third difficulty which I have named—that which relates to the selection of books. You have begun here on the principle, the only one that ever can or will work, of acknowledging no distinction of political party or religious sect. That is a sound principle, but the application of it is apt to involve a practical in convenience. If you were to declare, by way of guarding against the risk of quarrels, that you would absolutely exclude every work that bears on religion or on the science of government, you would shut out thereby the most im portant branches of human thought, and greatly impair the utility of your work. Nay, even if you lay down that rule you cannot enforce it in spirit, though to the letter you may; for the recorded annals of every nation—that is, all historical works in existence—are, in fact, illustra tions of political science, and it is from being such that they derive their sole value. So again with individuals- -a man's public life, and still more his religion, are integral parts of himself ; they. mould his character and influence his career; and thus into biography, as well as history, the political and raligious element must to a certain extent enter. But you cannot shut out history and biography ; that would be absurd ; and it follows, therefore, that a library meant to instruct as well as to amuse must contain many works bearing in some degree on those great controverted topics— the relations of the individual to the state as a citizen, and his relations as a man to a Higher Power. The only rule one can lay down on paper is to have nothing to do with merely controversial writings on the political or polemical disputes of our own time, and generally to exclude that which may be expected to give offence to reasonable and moderate persons. But, after all, your only security in this matter lies in the good sense of individual managers, and in their sincere wish that the work may succeed. Every man who co-operates with others in any department of human busineis, frOm the making of a Cabinet downwards, must sacrifice something of his own wishes ; and though in some parts of England institutions such as you propose aro nu merous, yet the instances are most rare, I cannot now re collect one, where an attempt of the kied has failed in con sequence of the inability of the managers to agree as to what they should include or strike out. I think, then, that from the three obstacles to which I alluded just now —want of funds, want of popular support, and risk of disunion—you have no cause to apprehend failure or even delay. No doubt there are many matters re- Elting to the working of such institutions—their con stitution, management, and the mechanism required to carry them out—which need and will receive careful con sideration. But, though not to be overlooked, these topics are minute, and it is needless to mention them here. But, perhaps, before I sit down I may ask you for a moment to look beyond the details of this local and comparatively limited enterprise, and to regard it—l cannot help doing so—as only the first stone of a building destined hereafter to assume much larger proportions—as the experimental trial on a small scale of that which is to be carried out on one more comprehensive. What is the object for which you are working--for which we all work, each in our re spective localities? Why this—that to every man within this country of England the literature of the nation shall be made accessible, with the least amount of cost or trouble, at his own home, Thai , is the end you have in view, or rather that is in all its completeness the machinery by which you seek to attain an end more lofty and more re mote. Now, take this county of Hertford. What is there to prevent within a few years from this time such educa tional provision being made for the entire county as you desire and as I describe? Consider your position. You have great social and material advantages—a compact area; a population not now scattered, and rapidly increasing ; vicinity to the greatest city of the world ; all those means of easy and rapid communication which we owe to modern science ; above all, you have a wealthy and resident gentry, enlightened themselves, and accustomed to co-operate for objects of social utility. You have some thing better and worthier still—for of a province, as of an empire, the great names are the choicest possession—a soil illustrated by noble memories and adorned by living genius. A name more illustrious still. I know not whore the plea of intellectual progress should arouse readier response or draw forth a warmer sympathy than in that county which was once the abode of Bacon. Education is the social pro blem of our day, and where the wise settlement of a vexed controversy is called for, I think there are few among modern public men who will challenge comparison with the fame of Burleigh. There is one whom we could have wished to see here to-day ; but though not with us the cause of popular literature has been championed by the lifelong advocacy and the rare eloquence of your own Sir E. Lytton. Well, to come to details, what is it that you require to supply a complete educational provision for this county ? Your population falls short of 170,000 ; and we have seen, by the analogy of what is hero proposed, that from 12 to 15 such libraries would leave no district unsupplied. With that number there need be no Hertfordshire man who could not obtain those facilities of reading which at present exist only in towns. There exists a machinery in Lancashire (I have left the details of its working in the hands of some persons here) by which books are sent round in boxes from village to village, and almost from house to house, so that there shall not be even the necessity of walking a few miles to fetch them. Some mechanism of that kind is ne cessary, if you are really to circulate literature among the poorer class. From 12 to 15 libraries like that which is to be set up here—their collective cost not exceeding 6,oool.—with boxes circulating in the intermediate ham lets, will furnish all that is required. In the towns you will have the assistance of a rate, which may even now be levied, for the purchase and support of free libraries. But I am reckoning merely on private voluntary , exer tions, and I state my sincere belief that 5,000 1 . or 6,000/. invested , in such undertakings as these—not all neces sarily forming part of one scheme, but each separate, and each promoted by those whom it most immediately and locally concerns—would go further in the stimulus and encouragement which it would give to education among the people than twice that sum spent on schools and schoolmasters. I have said before, but once again I repeat it, what you want is not so much to supply schools as to create a demand for schools ; that done, they will supply themselves. I have laid before you a large project —large, not so much in the actual amount of expenditure which it involves, as in the labour, the discussion, the op position of various kinds to which its execution must give rise. No doubt I shall be told there are obstacles in the way. No doubt it is so, and well it should be. There will be difficulties enough to discourage the timid, to disgust the impatient and hasty, and to give all of you that work to do—work for your neighbours, work for England, work for the interests of mankind, which is one of the best privileges and highest purposes of all our lives. It is well, I say, that such obstacles exist. What is easily done is seldom worth doing ; and in this matter of educa tion we are apt to be particularly impatient of delay, because in measuring the amount of results which we ex pect we think only of our present activity and forget our past supineness. Recollect how recent the whole move ment is. Recollect that its origin dates back only some thirty years, and that during a part even of that time it met with at least as mach opposition as support. Look at these things, and pronounce whether it is more reasonable to complain that one generation has not yet succeeded in repairing the errors of all its predecessors, or to con gratulate ourselves (though more remains to do) that so much has already been accomplished. We are apt in this matter to be somewhat childish. There are critics of educational operations who complain as un reasonably as some critics of military operations have done lately. Ignorance—brute, dull, dogged ignoraileee —has an immense power of passive resistance. "W'we have neglected it for centuries—we have let it alma ° itself have allowed it to go on arid gain strength, and for tify then, before our eyes to an almost impregnable vfe.z: mons, or tumble down at the first shot fir r e e u , seless. That to despair, and cry out that our label , hrnmably, respectfully, is folly. What I would say t' you,;le expect little; work because this Sebastopol does not surrendePr°adt t w n e e : fi r r e st r s e u a re d ; but earnestly, is this—"Do nearer or more remote than we it s e p re ro su b l a t b m le a the world will witness its ftal ac. no eye now opened 012 with perseverance ; wait"iln);atie:neicnek!': pass without the uses salty of some amendment Or othOr Ahe uniform fate, their Lordships will be pleasenortioeuitber, of the best as well as the worst bills that ever passed throne, their house. I , ft tAle.sii;6*(l3l,4 - • .. (Prom the Morni;ly He:c.sid Of this os Mr. Gladstone is so good as to Te.mind nit that we4ve'goi! n : into a war which is costing. as— •England and 'France-L.' 100,000,000/, p er annum, and is sacrhqcing about 1,000 li v es per diem. Do u btless these are treinem. l Ous . facts'; facts cal.' avoidcula asking tedte maekveerirevmeryomoennet,sg How earn° , winto thise of predi th a , d.' But it as not possible to camentl .By whose fault is it that, in et. me two or throe years after the gr a nd f es ti va l o f peace—the Great Exhibition of 1 8 51:-- England should have plungedh e lt o:o greatest wars of modem times ; a war, too, 11 which to go forward, is to fcrco back th e whole power of the' Russian em pire; while to retreat, is to confess Thissia to ,be Europe's master 7" _ Who plunged us into this w ar ? Fi rs t of all, wS must re peat the statement which we have often made, anal which has never been contradicted, that the criminal weak.ness of some of 'the leading members of Lord , 'Aberdeen's Govern. ment led the late Emperor Nicholas li/commit that aggrea-' 'ion which commenced the war. • . • Before took any step in the ' natter the Emperor Nicholas not only conversed himself withtho'British ambas' soder 'at his own Court, but he instructed: his representative , in London to_do what was of fur more importance, to sound'. the leading members of the English Government ; and when Baron Bil e innow did so sound the Cabinet of St. James's, she answer lie 'received Was a careless, laughing reply; amounting to this, You may deal with Turkey as you like, w e th a n give you no- trouble." • Nicholas thus was led into the scrape, and hence his re. sentment shoWn towards' the British ambassador at St. -.Re tersburg. Had the reply of the English Cabinet in 1853 bean prompt; firm, and decided, Menschikoff would not have been sent to Constantinople, and not a Russian soldier would.haver crossed the Frith. SuCh Was ",the first act of folly on the part of Lord Aber deen'S Government. The second was a still more fatal one. Feeling Compelled by the public voice to come to blows with Russia, there Were a dozen wayS of dealing with that great power, and of all these we managed to choose the very worst. We might have at once closed •up the Black Sea and the Baltic and thus have kept Russia in confinement till she asked for terms of peace. This would ha - re cost us aboatfive millions per annum, whereas we have already spent. fifty mil lions, and gained no more than this five millions would bai r n given us. Or we might have landed a French and English force suffi cient to protect Constantinople, and then we might have assisted the areassians to weaken the Russian dominions in that quarter. _ _ _ Or t'snaight have burnt or taken Odessa - and Kertch, and. thus haVe starved Sebastopol. Instead of any of these plans, we prefeired to set down be fore Sebastopol. Let Lord Palmerston's nearest friend in the press, the Morning Post, describe the peculiar absurdities of this step : _ _ " It has been well remarked that the "innumerable sorties; of the garrison of Sebastopol are explicable only by the fact that the fortress has remained uninvested from the beginning.. Restricted to no particular amount of reinforcements, unfet tered in drawing them along its line of communications, and placing them successively upon its ramparts—with a blank cheque-book, in short, upon the whole Scythian race—the town has been as prodigal in the expenditure of blood as in that of ammunition. It was never forced to live upon its own means—never confined to its own resources." Thus, having got into a quarrel by. our own _misconduct in not warning Russia distinctly and in time, we next chose the worst possible way of carrying on the war-'-the way in which the enterprise would be most costly and most hazardous. Now, let us ask, who are the men who are most to be blamed for all this 7 _ . „. Lord Palmerston, who has his own share of the guilt to bear, was merely Home Secretary. The foremost men in the matter wore— Lord Aberdeen, • Lord John Russell, The Duke of Newcastle, Sir James Graham, Mr. Gladstone, Mr. Sidney Herbert. - These were the men who first blundered into a quarrel with Russia, and then, having got into such a quarrel, managed ae to conduct the war as to make it almost equally difficult to carry it on with honour, or to get out of it without disgrace_ Who does not know that it is a first principle of general ship to take care that you shall be able to effect a good re treat ? Now, England and France have set - down 150,000 men before Sebastopol, and where we beg to ask, is their re treat? It may be said that retreat is the last thing we are thinking of. Aye, but what if a stay before Sebastopol were impossible What if cholera were rife, and one-half of the army were sick? Would any one tell us what, in such a case, would become of the whole expedition ? Well, this is the position in which Lord Aberdeen, Lard J. Russell, Mr. Gladstone, and Sir J. Graham have placed us. And what are these " distinguished statesmen " now doing ? One and all, they have run away Absconding from the Cabinet, on one pretence or another, they now blame us for being at war; and insist upon it that we, ought to make peace ! _ _ Upon what terms I Why, the two most distinguished men of the whole clique—Lord J. Russell and Mr. Gladstone—tell us that we arc dreadfully criminal in not at once grasping at the Austrian proposal, and withdrawing from the war, on condition that Russia will kindly permit us to keep in the Black Sea, of English, French, and 'Turkish ships, an equal force to the Russian fleet at Sebastopol t Why, what prevents us—what has ever prevented us, from saying to Russia, " We shall keep in the Black Sea, not only an equal fleet to yours, but a superior one. And we will not only do this ; bnt if you are angry, and choose to quarrel, we will keep every ship you have cooped up in Cronstadt and Sebastopol till you are in a better humour." We can say this to Russia whenever we please. All the world knows that we have this power. If, then, after sitting down before Sebastopol, and remaining there for nearly a year, we withdrew because-Rasaia had •consented to allow 7111 to keep six ships in the Black Sea, the whole world would see that all we really wanted was a pretext for decamping 'frmn the Critical But what do Lord John Russell and Mr. Gladstone mean us to understand ? Will they put it deliberately on recent that they plunged into war with Russia, sent 150,000 men into the Crimea, and spent of English and French money one hundred millions, in order to force Russia to permit ns to keep six ships in the Black Sea ? Is this to be part of the English history of the nineteenth century? If so, assuredly it will be a page which has never had its like before, and which, we trust, will never have its like again (From the Times of this day.) The question of Sabbath observance is one commending it self so naturally to a right-thinking people that neither sur prise nor regret ought to be occasioned by the controversies which this subject has provoked. In the case of the Sale of Beer Act the chief point at issue was probably the diminution of intemperance ; but even here a great deal turned inciden tally upon the way in which tho Sabbath should bo observed, Of course, the strict theory on such a point is that Sunday should be a day of rest to all—that is to say, that the work of labour should everywhere cease, and that this interval of repose should be devoted to the worship of that Being from whom all blessings proceed. Neither would there be much ground for not applying this theory to practice under such conditions of daily life as admitted of a sufficient admixture of recreation in relief of toil. In this country, however, and especially in this metropolis, it happens that the seventh day supplies the only period during the whole week at which a large portion of the working population can obtain that amount of fresh air, change, or relaxation which nature re quires. On this point we quote with great satisfaction the words of Mr. Long, the magistrate of Marylebone, before the Select Committee on the Sale of Beer Act. "An artisan," said he— " Working six days within the confined atmosphere of London is called on as a matter of duty, even throwing out of consideration the pleasure he may derive from it, to seek some relaxation of that kind in the country, and how ho can do it better than by walking up to such a place as Hampstead I do not know. It occurred to me that, no doubt, the Legis lature desire to encourage persons in performing their religi ous duties by attending divine worship. Under the Police Act persons are not allowed to sell liquor before 1 o'clock. That covers the period of morning service ; but then let us look at what is the condition of the religious part of society as to the residue of the day. There are afternoon services, and there are evening services ; but I suppose they do not expect that every man is to go to church three times a day ; the very man who seeks for refreshment in the afternoon of the day may have attended service in the morning, and may mean to attend it again in the evening, and may spend the rest of his time in rational recreation, in wandering about and enjoying the beauties of nature • and, if he does that with a grateful feelin g t o th e A u th o r Of Nature, my opinion is that lie is spending his Sunday very wisely and very properly." - In this view we think there will be many disposed to coin cide, and our readers will recollect, perhaps, a certain inci dent which we mentioned o. few days ago. All places of healthful resort are not within walking distance, like Hampstead, but it was found that the Sunday excursionists from London when carried by trains to a particular town, made use of their holy day by going to church there in such numbers that additional sittings were very soon required, and the clergymen actually made application to the railway company for assistance in providing the extra accommodation which their own excur sion trains rendered necessary. In the evidence, mofeover, to which we have made allusion above it is alleged very decidedly that the opportunities r them change which railways now afford at a coat placing and di within the reach of the many have proved generally . rcelaestalyes,inastnraumiennptarlominotii•naa of f a t r h the betterw ork mgexisted. We have already no such means of locomotion existed. ob servance of the Sabbath than prevailed in times when upon the the eh a w n h ' c o t l c e r , Sir Richard Mayne to this quoted the testimony o e , o the effect, and we now add f that thatof the Honourable or m io en ura w b h le o observation , aiv then twhoe " r sshatehpwh:arst part of oswfkht the ` n c they of ' B , s a c:r P s y P o : c f s e n n t making ianngd them ho s d o ant Againct I canl t i n e w N o o i r .k to in n g , cl ' a ' s F se r s o , m do yo y u .n i l - i their wives and children forth cer , xebil'ers's yf e mne w the facilities of locomotion their n aff it o y rd r such an going forth is , the was asbteend'g—i:enltoou the people in a very favourable point of v h i s e v , : r . 4 , I do," was the reply," and I think we ought to rats, every use e th o e f r t e h fo, to h enarewe can." We not only that a certain amount of open-air recreation, or change of scene, is dile to the requirements of the working classes on Sunday, yment of th ese very privileges does actually a Subst an ti a ll y better observance of the sobputte n t roperated t hat ii nt t s h es e lefe e . ° Y ng et it is plain th a t S un d ay cannot be made a day of partial relaxationi if it is to b e ma d e a day of universal overworkedr est; . f for than, r lax a t n , nth e sense attached to the word by an implies such an amount of active enjoyment asourpiaerstuisas,mnesthe work of o th er men i n m inistering to It. If for instance, are to breathe the fresh air of the country or the suburbs, they must be provided, when the scene of resort is beyond mere walking distance, with means of conveyance, and conveyances plying on a Sunday assume that a certain number of men must be kept at work on a Sun. day. To take a more special example—if a museum or other place of innocent recreation is opened on a Sunday for the admission of the public, it is clear that the attendants of the establishment would be kept at work ; and yet such a thing would, in the opinion of many enlightened and philanthropic men, be eminently beneficial to the community. It is at this stage of the controversy that Dr. Cumming and his friends step in, and argue with considerable force that the real fault of our system lies not so much in a too rigorous observance of the Sabbath as in a too rigorous employment of the other days in the week. They say that if legislation is required it is rather for week days than Sundays, for that if six days out of the seven are so utterly absorbed in the service of Mammon it becomes almost impracticable to secure the se venth for the service of God. Life cannot be wholly divided between labour and prayer. Some portion, at any rate, is squired for rest, for recreation, and for the use of those en joyments which Providence has placed within reach. lot these conditions be attended to in the distribution of the six _ days, and we may then insist with greater reason on the due appropriation of the seventh. No ono would deny the f orce of this argument, nhich is supported by the rerosr ksof Mr. whether Wakley before the committee, when he was ed d to both moral excursion trains did not, in his opinion, tend o f it w h a t. and phyeical improvement. "1 hero no doubt `Z~~ ~~ :...~. b.