The Sun. — London, England, 1855-10-15 00:00:00

THE FOREIGN REFUGEES. M. LOUIS BLANC'S ANSWER TO KOSSTJTH, LEDRII-ROLLIN, AND MAZZINI. We received the following paper last night : In a pamphlet, recently published, Kossuth, Learn- Rollin, and Mazzini have started a question of paramount importance, especially when one eonsiders what the state of Europe is to-day, and what it will probably be to-morrow. It is, perhaps, to be regretted that, before launching amongst the public an appeal, addressed to the Republicans only, Kossuth, Ledru-Rollin, and Mazzini, did not think proper to consult with those who were so long their com panions in arms, and are their fellow-exiles now. Actions and not words ; it is all very well to say that ; but one might find somewhat strange that prurient han kering after speechless action, which bursts into clamorous manifestoes :to ring the alarm-bell is not the best way of giving the signal for silence. On the other hand, to make our enemies aware of things, into the confidence of which they were not entitled tv be admitted, was venturing on a step rather hasty and rash. While, all over Europe, seized with trepidation, Kingsand Governments stand on the look-out, doubtful was the ne cessity of proclaiming in the face of the world, " You, Republicans, be organised—have a recognised centre of ac tion—get a military chest, get a liar , !" and so forth. No better opportunity cou ld b e afforded to our enemies to bring over to their side the dastardly worshippers of might and success, by showing, on our own declarations, that we have no organisation—that we are exhausting our energy iu unconnected and wandering efforts—that welack money, and are reduced to go in quest of a flag. However, let not our enemies strike out into frivolous pride, nor let our friends be disheartened. Thanks to God, and despite the above-mentioned pamphlet, the Republi can party is not labouring under such a distress as might be imagined, although it is perfectly true that a closer un derstanding and a series of well adopted measures are de sirable to make our exertions more powerful and decisive. Be that as it may, there is no preventing or remedying the inconvenience of the course taken by Kossuth; Ledru- Rollin, and Mazzini. It is too late now ; and since they thought fit to choose the public as the confident of their views, to shrink from the necessity of discussing those views before the public has become quite impossible. Such being the case, I have a right, and feel it lay duty, in the present crisis, freely to speak my mind. 1 will say, first, on what grounds my opinion agrees with Kossuth, Ledru-Rollin, and Mazzini's. In common with them I hold : That a closer union in the Republican party would ren der, of course, its power a hundredfold stronger. That organisation is the straight way to victory. That any impulse from a rscognised centre of action would be irresistible, if devoutly received by those whose hearts throb with a true love of the people. That we ought to act. That we are an army. But can the unity of the Republican party be realised otherwise than by an oneness of principles? Is the intended organisation to be merely material ? Are men whose faith is rooted in the inmost recesses of their hearts, are sincere souls and free thinkers passively to submit to a watchword, the selection of which they were not called upon to determine ? Will a centre of action answer the purpose, if the vari ous shades of opinion amongst us be not &plly repre sented so as to combine ? ' Is there any ch ance o f act i on in common, net-lying from the particular v i ews o f a few men ready to confine the unity of the Republican party in the circle of their per sonal sympathies, and to come forward and to say—" You must have a recognised centre of action : well, here we are ?" It is true that the Republicans ought to act like an army ; but is not that an intellectual 'one ? Is it not destined to fight, with more than military weapons, the battle of freedom and justice? Does not that army differ essentially from those hosts whose little thoughtful devoted ness aims at drenching the earth with blood, itches to set fortresses on fire, and triumphs in the midst of smoulder. ng ashes? These are the grounds upon which I am afraid my opi nion does not quite agree with that of Kiossuth, Ledru- Rollin, and Mazzini. After all, the idea of bringing the whole Republican party to work in concord is neither new nor peculiar to them. In March, 1854, an attempt was made to carry out this very idea; but upon bases entirely different from those now proposed, and, according to my judgment, by far preferable. At that period a great European crisis being betokened by many an imposing sign, the Republicans had to keep themselves in readiness. We knew that, while possessed of an outward strength, the empire was not of a lasting character ; that France, although momentarily enslaved, had no way abandoned the results of a century of valiant struggles and glorious intellectual conquests ; that the fact of her real adhesion to the empire could bo inferred neither from her silence, since she is scarcely allowed to whisper, nor from her immobility, since disarmed Paris lies sur rounded with bayonets ; freedom being nowhere, and a lynx-eyed p )lice being everywhere. Besides, we had not forgotten that France, after undergoing the most terrible trials, was always found indestructible—always emerging with renewed youth and fresh vigonr from beneath accu mulated ruins; that Napoleon IS himself, when striving to crush the genius of Liberty for ever, proved unequal to the task ; and that, on the eve of that Revolution of 1830, which overthrew the throne of the elder Bourbons, Berja rein Constant was so far deceived by the apparent death of public spirit, as to say: —"Lee Eourbons nines en out encore pour trente ans dans centre." " The elder Bourbons have yet thirty years' lease of the Government." Our Repub lican faith was, therefore, not a whit stae,gered, and a feeling prevailed amongst us that the men representing the various shades of opinion in the Republican party ought to hold a private meeting, there to determine quietly and cordially the principles we profess in com mon, reserving the rest, and to consult together about the chief measures to adopt at the very outbreak of the revolu tion, so that we might be ready to meet, in concert the most urgent contiivencies, and to prevent any conflict of a nature to throw our country into confusion. Although this statement relates to the fact of some di versities of opinions amongst us, I do not hesitate to bring it under notice; first, because those diversities are credit able to our party, having their source in the candour of convictions that pant for the fullest possible triumph of justice; and, secondly, because it would be useless to make a mystery of those differences, since they have been indis creetly enough proclaimed to the world in the attacks made by Mazzini upon the Socialists. The plan just mentioned, on which I felt happy to find, then, Le,dru liollin's views in accordance with my own, was and remains most practical. It was calculated to give every shade of opinion its legitimate share in the respond.- bility of the struggle ; it made the fact of acting in com mon derive from a fraternal and successful attempt at thinking entirely in common; it substituted the accordance of views for a mere alliance of men ; it led to place in a proper and clear light the objects to be attained, and could not bare failed to impart the greatest importance to any substantial manifesto written with a view to show to ore side the soundness of their hoped, and to the other the folly of their fears. Action, in this case, would have been like the gesture that follows the thought, and not like the thun derbolt that shoots from the clouds. These considerations were at the titre developed by myself in a letter which I quote in the French edition of this pamphlet. Instead of that, what does Kossuth, Ledru-Rollin, anti Mazzini's pamphlet propose ? " It is urgent that the party should have a recognised centre of action, a chest, a watchword common to all "The centre of action lies in us (c'est, noes), or in any one else, provided they inspire confidence to the party—in a few pure men who may understand and represent the great European nationalities, who love each other, and love the cause of all, who are ready to stand in the first rank in the day of battle, anti in the last in the day of victory. ...... . "The watchword is—Liberty for all ! Association of all "The definite object, the common object, is the Repub lican form of G overnment, established by the people and for the people " The means is not the actual liberty of individuals, nor discussion ; it is the association, the work in concord, the order ace discipline), the self-denial o w f o s r acr What strikes us in this outline is, first, its obscurity c ity and its contradictory character. If the watchword l is ur Lib for all, why are we told that the means is not the actual erty liberty of individuals nor discussion ? Who will be called upon to limit the portion of liberty which individuals re allowed to enjoy, so that the watchword, Liberty for all. ' could never be either a vain sound or a deception ? What next is the meaning of the word discipline, an expression borrowed from the language held by the Caesars? and how is it that such a Virtue, highly appreciated in the imperial camps, should be pat on a level with association, which cannot exist but between equals, and on a le ~ ' - ith the self-denial of sacrifice, which springs freely ant,. spontane ously from every generous heart? Discipline implies chiefs having a right to command and soldiers bound in duty to obey. Here, do the chiefs pretend to select themselves? Whereupon, nothing would be left to the soldiers but to obey, to obey without discussion, since discussion appears to be forbidden! These are points which must be cleared up. "The centre of action lies in us (c'est nous), or in any one else, provided they lova each other, and aro ready to stand in the first rank in the day of battle, and is the last in the day of victory." Whoever the latter condition, that admits of no difficulty. serve a e was not actuated by so noble a feeling would de excluded, not only from any centre of action, hut even from th e know whether X!lnirlimn stion is to party. The que . . it possible to consult withjedru-Rollin, and Mazzini think shades of opinion different:ll'f epublicana belonging to certain ri,-,,ena their own. Without that, no true centre of action can perchance, that in th em a ll theesalished. D o they mean, doctrines and all the aspi eations of the Republican party are, so to sp ea k, person ifi e d ? Vas, three years have scarcelfelP'sed sinc e M azz i n i ma d © upon the Socialists, th e i r ideas, the nature of thei r ten dencies, and the result of their influencean over the pe o pl e , the most violent a tt ac k ever ma d e ;d ma anent, what has he done to show that tfreatnrd,hthaetialiisl opinions aro altered ? God forbid we shon ° l7 calumniatedTheras is on this occasion by any bitter remembrance,l ho prompted on the faith of the Secialiate, horribly have been, a calm.equanimity that no vile feeling re venge can overcast or obscure. Mazeini has been of to them ; they will not descend to be unjust to them. ;4 y of Republic an Rome, all his life to the independence Rome, and by serving that sacred cause with indomitablen perseverance through so many obstacles, pangs, and perils, he has conquered a title which neither his prejudices nor his errors can obliterate. He may, therefore, as far as the 'independence of Italy is concerned, entirely rely upon our hearty support. Mt, as regards France, he is not entitled to represent those against whom he, declares ; and, as long as be stands an adversary to the Socialists, who fore/ the immense majority of the Republican party in France, he must renounce the honour ;of being their en eign-bearer. By accepting him in this capacity, they would b rea k in upon the respect due to their creed and to themselves. Nov, what is the common and definite object to be tn th i e4l at. according to Kossuth, Ledru-Rollin, and Maz . The Renulalic,a. n form of government —organised by the people and b oo , organised b for the people. Very well ; but it hal was sai d , organised for the people, Y t ',' l l l le t PooPle, and, it which, from revolutionth of December, did a " Itnublican form of government of February to the coup d'etat gild all manner of t 3, 11t serve to mask oppression, and to Re publican form of government, We were under the when the national wnoirtent, born of universal suffrage, by M. Marie, a republican, 'hone, so foolishly established national workshops which brutally dissolved—those n the most i mpu d en t of calum nies ascribed t o the very man nazis intended, and which made beggars net whom they were the hungry work men in quest of employment. 11 were also under the Republican form of government, poured en the blood of the forth in torrents; people, in the month of Juno, was when the leaders of thereaction, after havniantn.aenty times, in the sitting of the 4th of May, shouted to the Republic ! came gradually so far as to rob of universal suf frage the vile multitude, la File multitude. H e ~ a publican, that •Gerioral Cavaigp 4 . ,c, :74 . ordered t o trarnes: portations en mane, and allowed Paris to be a prey to all the horrors of a savage resentment. Louis Bonaparte was a republican, who, having perjury in his heart, though not yet on his lips, sent French soldiers to Rome, there to crush the Roman Republic, was president of the Republic. You must remember it, you, Mazzini, in whose arms Italy fell bleeding ! you, Ledru-Rollin, who are now an exile, for having raised a most courageous protest against so abominable an outrage ! No, no ; the Republican form of government is not the object (le but) : the object is to re store to the dignity of human nature those whom the ex cess of poverty degrades, and to enlighten those whose in telligence, from want of education. is but a dim vacillating lamp in the midst of darkness; the object is to make him that works enjoy all the fruits of his work ; the object is to enfranchise the people, by endeavouring gradually to abolish this double slavery—ignorance and misery. A very difficult task, indeed, whose accomplishment requires long study, deep meditation, and something more than discip line ! As to the Republican form of government, it is a mean most which ought t to which t we s, st valuable oven strive to conquer, at the certainly,cos a o n f d w life, h very imprudent to mistake for the aim, as the consequence might be to make us take the shadow for the substance, and run through a he a p of ruins to fatal delusions. This is the reason why I am not averse to discussing. As much as any I dislike empty phrases, high-sounding trifles, and all that sophistry which ended in the destruc tion of the Lower Empire ; but I do believe that in many cases speeches give light ; that the republicans ought to be able to gaze at the sun as eagles do, and that the love of darkness must be left to owls and tyrants. I am well aware, and I wilt gladly sa y, i n j us ti ce t o Kossuth, Ledru - Rollin,h and Mazzini, that they have no intention of proscribing discussion, after the victory is won. But they seem inclined to believe that, till then, discussion is to be removed. lamof a contrary opinion, and feel convinced that intelligent men can hardly act in common with power and success unless they have pre viously come to a perfect understanding as regards the many objects of their common struggle. "The sable of Mahomet struck in silence," true; but Malmmet was con sidered by his followers as a prophet, as a semi-god •he was obliged to account for his schemes and his thoughts to none but himself. Where is the man bold enough to say to the republicans, "I am Mahomet; follow me ?" No discussion, discipline. Nothing is to be done except to be silent and to strike. THE PEACE COALITION. ( Prom the Illustrated London News.) Coalitions, as the public was so often informed during the Administration of Lord Aberdeen, are not popular in this country. Thera is a prejudice against them— even when the objects of those who form them are neither discreditable in themselves nor likely to be attended with national danger and disgrace. But if so, what is the amount of unpopularity that is likely to attach to a coali tion of which the object is to stop the nation in its career of victory—to allow the enemy of European peace to escape without the full measure of punishment which will keep him quiet for the future ; and to dissever the strongest and noblest alliance ever formed between two great nations t A coalition such as this might be better designated by the name of a conspiracy ; not the less a conspiracy because its members talk loudly and openly, and are neither ashamed of being unpatriotic, nor of pre ferring pelf to honour, and their own inglorious ease to the safety and independence of Europe. With such a coalition this country is threatened. Its founder and original members were Mr. Cobden and Mr. Bright— both warlike men ; the one who boasted that Russia could be "crumpled up" like a piece of paper, and the other a runner of perpetual tilts against everybody who presumes to differ from his opinion, and who wages a perpetual feed of the tongue against the press, which, when it dares to dis agree with his consummate wisdom, he cordially de tests, and against the majority of his countrymen, whose opinions he despises. These two were successively joined, to a greater or lesser extent, by Mr. Gladstone, Sir Jas. Graham, Lord John Russell, and others—all warlike men in their way, and guilty, if guilt there be, of the original declaration and slow prosecution of the war against Russia. This embryo of a party, or coalition, has lately begun to develop itself more largely. The monster has assumed limbs and tongue, and there are indications—convincing enough t. some, though not to us—that it is about to be provided with a head in the shape of a person no less eminent and gifted than the leader of the Conservative party in the Souse of Com mons. Moreover, where is the use of going back to Mehemet? Louis Napoleon was there ! But if hereafter, in order to combat him successfully, we know nothing bettor than to plagiarise his summary proceedings, I fear that all the chances would continue to remain with him—with him, the uncontrolled possessor of the Treasury of France, the centre of a formidable organisation long prepared, and the moat taciturn chief of an army, which strikes ranch and speaks little. Ah ! do not let us deceive ourselves thus on the origin and nature of our power. That which consti tutes the force of the old world is not alone that which constitutes the force of the new world. Our power lies in the utterly insufferable nature of those pangs of death in which all the condemned of the earth are tossed ; where fore we must place before their eyes the ideas that contain life. Our power lies in the sympathies of all noble intel lects; wherefore we must hold the thing which is proper to those intellects. Our power is in the justice of our cause ; wherefore we mast inscribe upon our flag the clearest possible declarations of principle. The times are difficult, lallow, because despotism watches on almost every frontier, endeavouring to arrest thought in its passage; but Kossuth, Ledru-Rollin, and illazzini would never have published their manifesto if they knew not that there is no custom-house which is not the sport of the in defatigable contraband of the human mind. In our day, moreover, the people must know clearly the worth of the move men t to which they are solicited. For Italy, for Hungary, the question is simple. It is far less so for France. The people will not easily take the sword, if we insist upon leaving a bandage over its eyes. It has already too otten turned upon its bad of pain, as ithout find ing repose—it has already poured forth too much blood, only to arrive at a change of masters. But what besides ? The people, which is hungry, behold the bourgeoisie, which is afraid. The calumnies spread against us have peopled the imagination of the middle classes with a thousand black phantoms ! What appals them is the unforeseen, the unknown ! Thus it happens that certain people accept the Empire, even while they detest. Now, is it to be be lieved that the apprehensions which oppose us can be re moved by spreading on the morrow of the revolution un certainties a thousand times more alarming than the most hardy affirmations? And have we nothing to offer to the terrified spirits to restore their calm, except the image of "a sabre that strikes in silence ?" That is not all ; the work of the morrow is dictated to us by our very differences. For, all the prealabte under standing on that point being set aside, what would happen if the situation were found in possession of Inca who represent only a fraction of the party ? Could not this fraction, in all good faith, if you will, and quite honestly, but with a violence proportionate to its convic tions, make use of force against the other rival fractions ? We should have, you will say, for the protection of all, the sovereignty of the people. Illusion ! When a revolutionary crisis breaks out, is the national will able to declare itself at the moment ? Has not every revolution a provisional state to go through `I Does not the direction of events depend upon men who, in moments of oupreme transition, are in vested with the command of forces ? Is it ndt natural to think that, in the case of a great crisis in France, the cir cumstances would be of a nature to require, on the spot, the action of a vigorous power? And what would happen, I ask, again, if those who wish the least, were judged too dan• gerous by those who wished the most, or vice versa .? Road history—how many blcody misunderstanding would not the Montagnards and the Girondins have escaped if, on the eve of a tremendous battle, they had the opportu nity of better penetrating and comprehending each other's meaning? Unhappily, once involved in the smoke of com bat, deadened with its tumult, intoxicated by its violence, they thought they saw everywhere the sceptre of treason ; not content to carry the seal points at issue, theyshowered imaginary accusations upon one another; they mutually suspected each other of desiring the destruction of that Re public which they all loved with an equal love, and thus they dug beneath their own feet a vast abyss into which they all fell, one by one, until the Revolution was in its turn swallowed up. The melancholy prediction of Verg niaud was realised ; Saturn had devoured his ehildren ! Turn over a few more leaves of the book ; you will road there how, after February, 1848, General Cenaignac, a Ile publican, was lad to employ his dictatorship in the decli nation of the Republican party, and how a part of the army fired upon the advadbed guard. It would be in vain to deny it, and this is one of the apprehensions which we must dissipate ; a danger does lie there, and it must be taken into consideration, not, ili deed, to make it a motive for drawing back, or hesitating, but in order to take measures for avoiding it, and to con clude thence, that if wo must act, we must also exercise foresight. The difficulty is not such as could not be easily surmounted by men of good will and of generous senti ments. Are there not, beyond the mere Republican form of Government, several important points, ',upon which all the Republicans might be soon brought to agree? How ninny imagine they diff er a b ou t thi ngs, who only differ about words ! How often differences, apparently ' ereet, are found, upon cl oser exam i na ti on, to rest on slight mis understandings ! But then closer examination must not be avoided', nor absorption be mistaken for unity. Ono last word. The manifesto of Kossuth, Ledru-Rollin, and Mazzini contains the following passage,—" Shame on him amongst us who, by separating from the common work shall desert the army which the cry of its suffering brethren is driving to battle, to isolate simself iu the barren pride of an exclusive programme ! He may be a sectarian, but he is not the man of the Universal Church." No exclusive programme, certainly, but the active, devoted, and coura geous concurrence of each to the cause of all is what I, for my part, desire as ardently as Kossuth, Ledru-Rollin, and I Mazzini. But I cann o t cr y anat h ema against a worship, however solitary, of the truth. When the isolatiou of a philosopher, a friend of the people, is but the delicate re• serve of a rigid conscience which disdains popularity, dis likes concessions, and only trusts, for the deliverance of the oppressed, to the latent force of things aided by study, we may tax such a philosopher with error, and blame him for over much prid e; b u tif h e i s disinterested in his belief, if he suffers for what he believes to be absolute truth, his error certainly has in it nothing criminal, his pride nothing shameful. While we believe that the conceit and wrong-headed. ness of many men who once bore honoured names in the Senate of their country, but who heve utterly lost them selves on the question of the war, are quite sufficient to form a political combination for patching up a prema ture, dishonourable, and illusory peace—we must hesi tate iu believing that Mr. Disraeli has become of their party. Until his own mouth, or his own pen, tracing his own signature to the confession, shall proclaim to the world that he considers it at this moment to be the duty of England and France to offer peace to the Czar on the terms tendered in April last, we shall refuse to credit the assertion that a man so distinguished has made shipwreck of a reputation so gallantly won, and of a political position conquered with such brilliant exertion, and held against all corners as chivalrously as a cham pionship in the feudal ages. It is nevertheless singular, when every other public man of note who has lately found, or made, an opportunity of addressing his fellow countrymen, has spoken to them earnestly on the all-en grossing topic of the war, that Mr. Disraeli, in the only public display he has made since the prorogation of Parliament, studiously avoided the subject. While his hearers hung entranced upon his words—when they ex pected every moment that he would have done with manure and prize ploughmen, and, swinging round in the full majesty of a great oratorical three-decker, would have launched a broadside against the enemies of his country—he remained mute. Not a syllable on the one high topic escaped his lips. From him there fell no word either of praise or blame. He did not, like brave and bellicose John Bright, wash his hands of the guilt or the glory of his countrymen. He did not, like Lord Pal merston—with whom he once agreed that the only true, safe, and dignified policy was to carry on the war with the utmost possible vigour—speak out eloquently and fervidly on the late triumphs of the allied arms, or in dicate in stirring language, whose echoes yet reverbe rate through Europe, the work that yet remains to be done for the restraint and punishment of the guilty ambition of the Muscovite. He did not like Sir Bulwer Lytton, who is, like himself, both statesman and man of genius, utter, with hearty sincerity and eloquent truth fulness, the patriotic sentiments that inspire the minds of all classes of the people, and do his best at this cri tical period of his country's history to show that no sacrifices in a noble and a just cause are too heavy for that nation to make which desires to retain its place in the vanguard of civilisation. He kept, on the contrary, a remarkable, and, as it seems to us, an unworthy silence. At the same time, there appeared in a weekly journal—of which he is believed to be the founder, which is known to have been—or to be—his organ, and to which he is more than suspected to be a frequent con tributor—an article distinctly advocating a policy of con cession to the Emperor of Russia. It is time, there fore, that Mr. Disraeli should declare himself openly if he do not wish to be misunderstood. There is no neces sity that he should disavow the articles in the weekly newspaper with which people persist in associating his name ; for statesmen are not compelled to confess whether they do or do not write leading articles ; but there is a necessity, if he wishes to stand well with his country, and with the great Conservative party of which he has been the brilliant and by no means unsuc cessful leader in the House of Commons, that he should deliver his decisive verdict on the"war question. If he do not he will remain under suspicion. His power of wiefulness will be impaired, and damage will be inflicted on the credit of the great and patriotic party with which he has so long acted. It is clear, however, whether Mr. Disraeli do or do not speak out as becomes his position, that if he have resolved to join Mr. Bright and Mr. Gladstone, he will not take the Conservative party along with him. Sir Bul wer Ly tton is as much entitled to speak for that party as Mr. Disraeli; and he, we know by his late manly oration, has a heart that throbs in unison with the great heart of England, and will not withhold his support even from political opponents, if they honestly and vigorously carry on the work to which they are pledged to their own country—to their allies—and to the world. Vice Disraeli, abdicated or superseded, Sir Balwer Lytton would become the leader of the Conservative party in the Lower House ; and Mr. Disraeli would become— what Lord John Itus:mll is—a statesman irretrievably damaged ;or what Mr. Gladstone is—a man to be ad mired for his brilliancy in debate, but never more to be trusted or followed. The organs of Conservative opinion in the country, however much they may have differed from the statesmen now in office upon other questions —or however bitterly they may have commented upon the management or mismanagement of affairs in the Crimea—have been true to the principle of war. They have never swerved—never been dilatory— never been lukewarm ; but, like true patriots and honest Englishmen, have seen that the war question rose high above all party squabbles and party interests, and concerned, not factions or their leaders merely, but the honour, the dignity, and the very existence of the nation. They will not follow Mr. Disraeli if he attempts to lead them towards a coalition with Mr. Bright, the incarnation of all the conceit and cowardice of ultra. commercialism; or with Mr. Gladstone, the straw-belan ciug and straw-splittingstatesman whom nature i n t en d e d either for a Chancery barrister, or for the Superior of a College of Jesuits, and whose mind offers a strange and disagreeable compound of the peculiar talents and quali fications of both. The Conservative party is sound upon the question, as indeed are all the great parties, by whatever names they may call themselves. The out siders and stragglers, the men of whims and crotchets, the impracticable, who owe and give no allegiance, aided by a few men whose inordinate. vanity led them to aspire too high, and who have, consequently, been disappointed, may prate of peace where peace is impos sible. Being rejected of all, they may endeavour to form a combination among themselves that shall give them strength and importance ; but their effort will not succeed. Mr. Disraeli would, doubtless, be a great ac quisition ; and they, accordingly, suspecting either his weakness or his ambition, flatter him to the top of his bent, and lime the twig with the honey of soft speech es , and with glorious predictions of th e t axes h e would have repealed, and of the other great things which he would havedone, had he continued Chancellor of the Exchequer. But will they catch the fine bird ? That remains to be seen. In the mean time we will not do Mr. Disrael the injustice to believe it. I must add that, in the Etiansi mites, ego non, there has almost always been something heroic. When Galileo was contending against all Catholics that the earth turns round the sun, he was not the man or the - Universal Church of the Popes. This was his glora, not his shame. Moreover, there are words that do not sound well in the mouth of a Republican. Those who are heard continually inveighing against sectarians ought to remember that it was just by such a name that the apostles of progress in the past wero always hunted down. The Vaudois and the Albigenses, for insisting upon a higher practice of the morality of the Gosp e l, were ca ll ed sectarians. Wickliffe, who was so daring as t o t erm the Pope Antichrist, was called sectarian. John Huss, who assailed the vices of the clergy, indulgences, the sacrament un d er one species; a theological form of inequality, was burnt as a sectarian. Luther was reputed a sectarian, till, having become the warmest friend of princes and their accomplice, he per secuted in his turn Carlostadt and Munzer as sectarians. They went also by the name of sectarians, the few intrepid men who, under the reign of Louis Philippe, aspired to the Republic. Oh, believe me; let. us leave to the past its sombre vocabulary and the worn-nut form of its anathe mas -To fulminate exerr:nmunication, for the sake of the Universal Church, has decidedly grown out of fashion, and the Vatican itself knows not, at present, whit to do with its thunderings. To sum upwll: Organisation,, bnt no imperial counter. f e iting, even in a warlike way, ;Union, but in the sphere of principles, first. War against the present, but no veil thrown over the morrow. Action, bat subservient to the thought.—l wm, sir, yours, &c., Lows BLANC. ! ' We are informed that a project of law for extend' g the hairier; of Paris to the line of fortifications is acitrlti . Tux WAR, IN TEE EkST.—POWICRFLII ally before the Council of State. , Piccadilly, Observe PA I T 4 EN ) T VIU' R T E iB CO M IZI;IIN I -- a G1.A.83?.5. Messrs. S. and B. s ole . mons, opticians, 39, Albemarle-street, opposite the York Betel. By ker Majesty's Royel Letters Patent for valuable and extraordinary improvements in the most powerful and brilliant Telescopes, Camp,• Race course, Opera, and PerspectiveGLasses, to know the distances o f objects viewed through them —of great importance to the 4 0 1 ,TY , navY, and others. These telescopes possess such extra. ordinary powers 'that some 3i almndeellfihl-inches, Ivith an extra op. show distinctly Jupiter's moons, Saturn's ring, seen a persona countenance stars ; with the same teicieope can be sizes with in . countenance three miles and ai half distant . , and an object from 16 to 20 miles. They are glamor and al. above, and the by,' es, 4 t: .1 6 4 Exhibition, 185 sing powers accordingly ; while their vary inches enable us to discover more than, the a person can be seen Georgian, with his 6 satellites, &b. --The c. —The Royal powerful waistcoat-poeli Valuable, nev a-. y invented, very small, and sh' e kn glass,the size of a walnut, by which ooting, every oti nt r y p ua e o n s e e r y o 7 the and They are invaluable for 2 race-course, 1 ! miles distant; they answer s are clearly seen at 8 to 10 miles. and at the opera house , , sportsmen, gentlemen, game rkseeepers' deer -stalking, yachting, to camp, and perspective power.—ziewly-construeted. Spectclgl324Beand that valuablevision n advantage, derive(' s, tourists. Opera, race-course, with wonderful est transparent powe r . The e Lenses ,of the great from this invention ii, preserved and strengthened, andbecoming impaired is enabled to employ their sight at verythe agent ?nrss f . at/ amuchi minutean e x m '- t r al e : re di " pation—can see with those lenses of ing power—and the ydo not require the fiequlecsnst to the dangerous effects of further powerful assistance.cliann479 oft ness—New Discovery.—The Organic Vibrator, b c" -. nary powerful, small, newly-invented instrument for deafness,. entirely different from all' others, to surpass anything kind that has been; or probably ever can be, produenlW Being of the same colour as the skin, is not perceptible ';': it enables deaf persons to 'hear distinctly at Church and at public assemblies; the unpleasant sensation of singing noises in the ears is entirely removed; and it affords! all the assist- , ante that possibly could_ be desired. .3J, Albemarle -street, 'Piccadilly. Obisrva--opposito the York hotel. ~ THE SUN; LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 15, 1856. demand for discount. And there appears to be little doubt that partly to pay for the imports of silver from France ond partly, perhaps chiefly, in connect on with purchases of gold by the Bank of France, this drain has been created. But then the question is, in what way has this gold been paid for I It is obvious that if the state of the balance of trade was not such as to lead to an export of bullion, some means must have been resotted to in order to pay for the gold in this market. It appears now to be pretty plain that this has been accomplished by buying up the bills upon England held in Paris, and other large cities on the Continent, and remifting them to this coun try where they have been discounted, and the proceeds applied to the payment of the gold in question, and thus the sudden increase of bills under discount with the Bank is amply accounted for. But then the question will be asked, and it is an im. portant one, how have these bills been created ? It has been rumoured that they have been drawn for the pur pose, and have no connection with any regular trade *consactions. If such were the case they might be re newed from time to time, if they could still be discounted and the final adjustment of the accounts consideralrly postponed. But there seems no good ground for those rumours. The truth we believe to be as follows :—At all times there is a very large amount of English bills held by continental bankers and merchants, in pro• gress of being due. Those bills are used for the pur pose of supplying the ordinary demands of trade when remittances require to be made, and thus they reach England before they are at maturity. It appears, however, that with a view to the trans actions already alluded to these bills have been collected and remitted to England before the ordinary time. But then the question is, how will the vacuum thus created in the continental markets be filled up ? The demand for paper upon London, for the ordinary purposes of trade, and which the bills referred to would, under usual circumstances, have supplied, will still continue ; and in the absence of the common supply this demand will no doubt raise the exchanges, and compel an export of gold to this country in the absence of bills. A desire, how ever, on the part of the continental banks to retain their gold will probably induce them to raise their rates of dis count and to limit their accommodation, and this may be productive, lees or more, of a panic. From these consi derations we believe an early reaction to some extent to be certain ; and for some weeks to come we may hope for more ease in the money market. 'We must not, however, overlook the permanent causes in connecticn with the war expenditure, the tendency of which must continue to lead to unfavourable exchanges, ' a drain of bullion, a reduction in the price of securities, and a high rate of interest. THE COLONIES' AND STEAM COMIU- CAPTAIN DUFF, 23d ROYAL TVRISII FUSILIERS. An officer of the Light Division writes from the Crimea, under date of Sept. 26 :—Captain James Duff, of the 23d Regiment, who was taken prisoner on the sth of November, 1854, the day of the battle of Inkeraia,n, arrived here a few days ago, having been exchanged at Odessa. His own version of his adventures and treat ment in some of the journals. He was taken prisoner while on picket in the White House ravine, leading to Careening Bay. He attributes the fault of his capture to a party of men of the division on his right, who fell back without passing on the alarm. Duff and his picket were fighting in front, and had nearly expended their ammunition, when to their surprise they suddenly found some of the enemy on their flank. The men perceived that they were being surrounded, and attempted to fall back. As they did so, one man who kept close to Duff was knocked over by his side. He then tried to make for a path leading up the hill, and had proceeded a few 3ards when he met some Russians in front, directly opposing his further progress. They had got round them. Eight or nine men then closed upon Duff, and, as he still struggled to escape, one man gave him a tap on the head with the butt of his musket, which slightly stunned him. The Russians then carried him off in triumph ; they would not let him walk. He soon recovered from the blow on his head, and while going along was fully aroused by a volley of Mini 4 rifle balls which came whistling among his escort. Two or three of them were wounded, and the remainder then allowed him to walk with them to the rear. Some of the men spat upon him, and he thought they would have shot or bayoneted him had it not been for the protection of the soldier who par ticularly regarded him as his own especial property. It appears that every Russian soldier who captures an officer and can produce him alive, gets the order of St. George. In case of the officer being dead the private would not be believe 1 were he to state that he had made a pri soner of him while alive. Unless, therefore, under extreme excitement the Russian soldier will do what he can to keep his prisoner safe, that is, provided he can hope to remove him to a place of security ; if the prisoner be badly wounded, and there is a chance of his not being able from any cause to reach the place where the soldier could establish his claim, there is no doubt he will re ceive little mercy at his hands. But it is rather a satin• factory thing to know, in case of accident, that, if taken, it will be an object of interest with the captor to try and pre; , ent his prize to his superiors in a state of living en tity and pereonal completeness NICATION. - Captain Duff remained on the field during the whole of the battle of Inkerman, and saw the fight from the Russian position. Ile appears to have been greatly sur prised at the number of guns which the enemy had con trived Co get into position on the heights during the night. . . . (From the Australian and New Zealand Gazette.) In a recent number we referred to the subject of steam communication with the colonies, and the position in which the subject is placed by the war. The absorbing effect of the contest has been to draw off the attention of our home officials from the question, as well as to monopolise means ; and hence the parsimony which cut off the Australian branch of the Peninsular and Oriental navigation. The indifferent success of various projects helped to tire the public mind at home, and so to exone rate the officials from exertion. We see by the Sydney papers that the Australians have in part anticipated this difficulty, and it formed the subject of remarks by Sir W. Denison to the legislature of New Smyth Wales : " The stoppage of the regular monthly steam commu nicationwitle England has been productive of much incon venience. I have, in consequence, addressed letters to the governors of the other Australian colonies, and of New Zealand, for the purpose of ascertaining whether, by the joint action of all these colonies, arrangements might nut be made, which, by relieving the Home Go vernment from a portion of the cost of maintaining the monthly steamers, would insure a speedy re-establish ment of the system, upon the advantages of which it is unnecessary for me to dilate. In bringing the subject under the consideration of her Majesty's Government, I felt myself justified in assuming that the legislature of New South Wales would not hesitate to sanction any outlay which might be considered to represent its fair proportion of the expense which might be thrown upon these colonies ; and I trust, therefore, that you will give your ready assent to a bill which will be laid before you, empowering the Government to expend annually such a sum as may be considered necessary for the attainment of a regular steam communication with England. The whole of the papers and correspondence on this subject will be laid before you, and from these it will be seen that it is by no means improbable that a communication once a fortnight may be secured at a cost little exceed ing that which was considered to be but a fair equiva lent for a monthly packet." Since these remarks were made it is stated by the press in Sydney that a scheme is actually before the Go vernor of Now South Wales for a steam-packet commu nication between Panama and Tahiti, with branch steam lines between Tahiti an d Sydney and Melbourne. Tahiti is to be the great entrepot for the steam service in the Pacific, and the terminus of the steamers from Australia and Panama. The steamers will coal and the passengers be transhipped there. A. different class of steamers is to run between Panama and Tahiti from those running between the latter place and Australia. The harbour of Tahiti is a beautiful basin, perfectly protected by reefs, and docks could be formed for a small outlay. Labour is abundant and cheap there. When the steamer Golden Age touched at Tahiti to coal, 1,500 tons of coal were placed on board in G 5 hours, and the expense of putting it on board was only 4s. 23. a ton. It is calm - dated that the voyage between Australia and Tahiti could be made in 13 days, and between Tahiti and Panama in 18 days. New York would by this scheme be brought within 45 days of Australia, and England within 50 days. ' This looks like business ; and we observe that Gover nor Denison does not omit colonies that ought to be included in the scheme. The doubt suggested to us is, whether the tone of his remarks is not calculated to in crease the inherent tendency of representative bodies to grant means too small for the purpose. This is always to be apprehended, and it would be disastrous in the present case on many accounts . A sh or t a ll owance a t first often occasions increased outlay in the end, and coupled with disappointment at not realising expecta tion ; but a second failure t o esta b l i sh a really effective steam co mmunication with Australia might have the most prejudicial effect in retarding practical results for years. Moreover, if the colonies are stingy, the Colo nial-office will let Parliament be so ; and while the home authorities would feel bound to come forward handsomely, if the colonies took the initiative and set them the example, they would readily retreat into an initiative stinginess ; and so for every pound withheld by Australia, Australia would lose a pound from England. During the first part of Captain Duff's imprison ment he was treated badly enough. His uniform was taken from him, and he was supplied with clothes of a very coarse description. He was marched through the country with a gang of convicts—felons of the worst description—who were being removed for transportation to the penal settlements of Siberia. With these men, and with two soldiers of the guard, one on each side of him, he slept at night and had his meals, and they were taught to regard him, and called him, Vieir " cainarade.” As they passed through some villages the bigoted pea sants pelted them with stones. There was no opportu nity offered for ablution, and the state of dirt and neglect into which they fell became most repulsive. The condi tion of the prisoners, however, could hardly be expected to attract attention, for it would seem the officer who commanded the guard over the prisoners of war ar'd the convicts, though unfettered by restrictions, exhibited as little anxiety about the surface of his own person as he did about those of the men he was guarding. When the insect visitors who honoured him with their presence became too numerous and too importunate his servant was desired to remove a portion of them, and the occa sions for this interference were rather frequent. Once during the long march this officer was seen to have ap plied soap and water to his person, but only once during the route of 700 miles to Moscow. At last Moscow was reached, and here not only the scene was changed, but the condition of the British prisoners. A house was given up to them, and they re ceived frequent civilities and attention from the better classes of society in this city. They were invited to f6tes and parties, and in certain circles, more especially among the ladies, were made especial of jests of corn passion, and became the lions of the day. No difficulty was experienced in getting bills on certain London houses cashed, and a premium was given on the ex change. They found also at, Moscow a clergyman of the Church of England. At Odessa they experienced the same kind of civility as at Moscow, but the social par ties and entertainments were wanting. The news of the battle of the Tchernaya and its termination had reached this latter place before Captain Duff left, and the at tempt against the allied position was admitted on all sides to have been defeated. The failure produced general and marked depression of spirits. Strange to'• say, the Raissians pretend not to regard Alma and In kerm;n as defeats ; they say that their general ordered the troops to retire from motives of policy, but were not driven back. The battle of the Tchernaya, according to them, was our first real victory. ASSAULT BY LORD ERNESP VANE•ON MT. NASH, OF THE WINDSOR THEATRE. The fallowing statement has appeared in the Windsor Zxpress:— " MR. ALBERT NASH'S STATEUENT. "I am the lessee of the theatre in this town. Lord Ernest Vane, an officer of the 2,1 Life Guards, stationed in this place, had been in the habit for two or three nights previous to the evening in question, with other officers, of coming behind the scenes, and had behaved himself in a respectable manner, but I cannot say it was so on Friday, the 21st ult. .10 the early part of the evening his lordship had amused himself by blacking the eyes of one person, kicking another, and so forth. My first salute from him was his stick broken across my back. The curtain was go ing up ; I was wanted ; the house pretty full, and, as I did not wish the audience to be disturbed, I put up with it and went on. When the piece was over and I was dressing for the last, I was informed that hislordship had forced his way into the ladies' dressing-room, and would not leave, though repeatedly requested by the ladies, who had to commence redressing, so to do. I sent my stage-manager to remon strate with him, but to no effect. I then went myself when he told me to go to a place not mentioned to ears polite. lat length was obliged to send for a policeman. When the officer came he quietly walked out. I had finished dressing and was preparing to go on with the last piece ; he met me at the hack of the stage, and said he wanted to speak to me, took hold of me by the collar, and before I was aware of it, dragged mo to the top of some steep stairs leading beneath the stage. He then said—' You dared to send a policeman to me; now I will break your infernal neck ; I'll kill you !' He held me in a position that I must fall backwards. I endeavoured to escape from him, and said, For God's sake do not kill me in cold blood !' But ho would not let me shrink, and hurled me from the top with all his force. Fortunately a young man, hearing the noise, came to the bottom of the stairs as I fell, and broke my fall, or death would have been certain. He then was cowardly enough to come and dash his fist in my face us I lay on the ground ; but even tually his brother officers and other persons interfered and got him away from me. I may mention that the soldiers, of whom there ware many in front, had been informed that their officers were being insulted, and were forcing their way on the stage. I am sorry to say that ono of his brother officers to whom I appealed gave me no assistance, but told . me to get him out of the ladies' room myself. Fear ing a collision between the soldiers and civilians, I did not give him into custody. "On the following day a military gentleman waited on me to compromise matters. I told him I would bring the young ruffian to justice, and no one can prove that either myself or any person on my behalf listened for one moment to an offer of settlement. Having felt the bitterness of death, I did not think that money should compensate it. The local magistrates who were to adjudicate the case strongly advised me to make up matters, with a delicate consideration for the interests of the theatre which I never before found from them. I had three or four attendances before I could procure the summons, and, though I pressed for it on Saturday, I did not get it till Tuesday. It would do quite as well if his lordship had notice to attend. At last, on Thursday, the 27th ult., the case came on. Hav ing heard my own evidence and that of others—mostly unwilling witnesses (one having been summoned), it being generally known that goltken ointment had been adminis tered in more than one instance—the magistrates, after stating that they considered it a most unjustifiable assault, convicted the noble defendant in the extreme penalty of 51., saying that they would not send it to another tribunal. Now, sir, I ask you, is not this a mere mockery justice? What is 51. to a man in his position? Not so much as fivepence to a poor man ; and I fearlessly assort —and the above incontrovertible facts will prove it—that a more deliberate attempt to kill a fellow-creature has not been made for some time Could I but have seen him punished as a poor man would have been (I feel strongly, being a young man), all the money in th e world should not have purchased that punishment from me. I have not acted from mercenary . motives ; therefore I a pp ea l t o you, through whom that justice is given which cou r t s o f l aw sometimes deny.— I remain, sir, yours obediently, " ALBERT NASH. Lessee of the Windsor Theatre. " Windsor, Oct. 6." s[Arivnansrunsrd — The following is ono out of many thou sand extraordinary cures without medicine effected by Du Barry's delicious Health Restoring Revalenta, Arabica Food of Indigestion (Dyspepsia), Flatulency, Constipation, Nervous, Bilious, and Liver Complaints, Cough, Asthma, Consumption, and Debility:—Stapleford-park, near Melton Mowbray, Lei cestershire, Juno 19th, 1 848.-1 have been suffering from indigestion for the last five years. I had a breaking out in my neck, and sore throat at the commencement, which I have suffered from at times ever shin, and a continual pain at the pit of my stomach, and oftentimes sickness and head ache, with a bad appetite, and languor of body and mind. I could not take sufficient food to keep up my strength, and I often felt great weakness in my legs. I have been continually taking medicine, but found it only weakens the stomach more. I have taken the Revalenta Food for the last ton days, and beg to tender . to you my most grateful thanks for your kind advice. The benefit I have derived in so short a time is very far beyond my expectation. The pain at the pit of the sto mach quite left me after taking your food three days, and the effects on the bowels have also been very favourable. I feel much less pain in my head, back, and legs. I sleep much better, and feel refreshed from it. My appetite is much bet ter. I heartily thank you for your kind attention, and shall take every opportunity of recommending this excellent food ' to any one that maybe sufferinefrom the same complaint, &c. —M. Stickland, game and deer keeper at Earl of fs arborough's. In canisters, 11b. 2s. 9d.; 21b. 4s. 6d.- .51b. lls. ; 121 b. 22e. The 121 b., carriage free, on receipt of Post-office order. Barry Du Barry & Co., 77, Regent-str ee t, London ; also at 182, Piccadilly; 60, Crac cc h urc h -street ; 330, and 451, Strand; 4, Cheapside ; 60 an d 68 , C ornhill ; 49, Bishopsgate-street; 53, Charing-eross; 54, Upper Baker-street; 63 and 150, Oxford-street ; 89, Hi g h -street, Camden- t own ; 18 , P all- mall; 7, Pall-mall-East ; 1%2, New Bond-street ; 24, Mot. comb-street ; 13, King William-street, City ; 30, Conduit. street; 21, Cockspur-street ; 95, Farringdon-street ; 67, St, Churchyard; 6, Edward-street, PorOlian•Eqtate, BOOK POST TO THE BRITISH FORCES AT TIM SEAT OF WAR. General Post-office, October, 1855. On and from the 15th inst., the privileges of the book post (sulject to the following regulations) will be ex ten led to the British forces serving in Turkey, Greece, the Black Sea, the Baltic, the White Sea, to the Foreign Legion stationed at Heligoland, and also to seamen serving in the transport service in Turkey and the Black Sea ; on the uuder4tanding, however, that the convey ance of such books, &c., will be restricted to vessels of war and transports, or, in the case of books, &c., to the forces in the East, to direct packets, or to packets via Malta. 1. POSTAGE RATES For a packet not exceeding 4 oz Fora packet exceeding 4 oz., and not exceeding 8 oz. 2d. Ditto 8 oz. ditto 16 oz. 4d. . ld. Ditto 11 b. ditto 1i lb. 6d. and so on, 2d. being charged for every additional half pound, or any less weighty. 2. The postage must be prepaid in full by means of postage stamps affixed outside the packet o r its cover. 3. Every packet must be sent either without a cover, or in a cover open at the ends or sides. 4. If the postage paid on the packet amount to as much as 4d., it may contain any number of separate books or other publications, votes and proceedings of parliament, prints or maps, and any quantity of paper, parchment, or vellum (to the exclusion, however, of letters, whether sealed or open) ; and the books, or other publications, prints, maps, &c., may be either printed, written, or plain, or any mixture of the three. Further, all binding, mounting, or covering of a book, pubication, &c., or of a portion thereof, will be allowed, whether such binding, &c., be loose or attached ; as also rollers, in the case of prints or maps, markers (whether of papers or otherwise) in the case of books, and, in short, whatever is necessary for the safe trans mission of literary or artistic matter, or usually apper tains thereto. 5. But if the postage paid be less than 4d., the packet must consist exclusively of printed matter, without re striction, however, either as to whether they are bound or unbound. 6. A book packet, whatever may be the postage paid thereon, must not contain any letter, c l ose d or open, or any enclosure sealed or otherwise closed against inspec tion, nor must there be any letter, or any communication of the nature of a letter, written or printed, in any such packet, or on its cover. 7. No book packet can be received if it exceed two feet in length, width, or depth. 8. Any packet, which shall not be open at the ends or sides, or shall have any letter, or any communication of the nature of a letter written or printed on it, or upon its cover, will not be forwarded. 9. If a packet be found to contain any letter, whether closed or open, or any enclosure sealed or otherwise closed against inspection, or any other unauthorised en closure, the letter or enclosure will be taken out and treated as an unpaid letter; and the remainder of the packet, if duly prepaid with stamps, will then be for warded to its address. 10. These regulations will not interfere with the privi leges allowed to newspapers posted in accordance with the regulations applicable thereto. 11. To prevent obstacles to the regular transmission of letters, any officer of the Post-office may, when neces sary, detain a book packet for a period not exceeding 24 hours beyond the time when it would otherwise be for warded. 12. The head postmaster, who first receives a book packet must, whenever he has ground for suspecting an infringement of any of the above conditions, and occa sionally even whe❑ there is no ground for suspicion, open and examino the packet ; and every book packet which shall not be open at the ends or sides, or shall exceed two feet in length, width, or depth, or shall have any letter or any communication of the nature of a letter written or printed in it or on. its cover, or shall be either unpaid or insufficiently paid, must be sent up with as little delay as possible, to the Dead Letter-office in London, Edinburgh, or Dublin, as the case may be. THE BANK .RETURNS AND THE MONEY MARKBT. (From the Economist.) The Bank returns which we publish to-day are not lee unfavourable as regards the bullion hold by the Bank than those which have appeared for some weeks past. They show a reduction of bullion by no less than 659,000/. But so far a s regards securities there is no further increase ; so that it would appear that the demand upon the Bank has been no more than the amount of the bills falling due. So far, indeed, as regards public secu rities, their amount is less by 711,8831., which indicates that the Bank has continued to be au extensive seller. The decrease of bullion is in a great degree to be at tributed to a demand fur coin by the country banks, with a view to strengthen their reserves in the event of a demand ; and, although moat of the gold imported has been purchased for exportation, there is reason to believe that but little has left the Bank to be sent abroad ; indeed one small parcel of gold imported was taken to the Bank, though the price is 11d. the oz. lees than must be given for it again for ex portation, which would indicate that for the moment the foreign, demand is satisfied. In concluding our observa tions last week upon the prospects of the money market we said :—So far as regards the immediate prospects of the money market, it may fairly be expected that the payment of the dividends will lead to a considerable re lief." These payments commenced on Thursday, and already there has been a sensible effect produced, and Consols have risen more than 1 per cent. from the lowest point. There are, however, other considerations which are likely to exert even a more powerful influence upon the money market for some weeks to come than the pay ment o f th which e divi he has attached Without attempting etcoreetledarrauinp the mystery of bullion to France, there seems to be now no doubt as to the chief mode by which the object has been attained. The state of trade and of the foreign ex changes has not been such export chf of erma b n u y llio : w l eks ß b ut ac i k t to account for the continuous as gold was exported, the if we examine the Bank accounts, that very plain, • the Bank • increased. c e n t the amount of bills under nearlys amountdiscountncethi n e otl last (private same a k t eporscCeic proportion ties) has increased from increasel4,9ra ,000/ . a to pp r l o 9 a , c7hoiln,gootool.fi l vein e t l i S o n a s t u s r t d e a r y l i , n . h o w T i h n i g s increas e has been regular and steady week by week. e an e d on a n u e d e d t e e n d wßiutth tradeis icpossible t to discover account for rtranonrdyincaaruys LETTERS FROM THE CRIMEA. (FROM AN OFFICER.) CAMP ABOVE SEBASTOPOL, SEPT. 28. I have been several times t o th e R e d an t o i nspect the work. It is a perfect study, a work of giants, and so wonderfully intricate that it is al mos t b ew ild er i ng to at tempt to trace its several parts and their objects and connections. the Malakhoff, either as a work to ap proach or to hold when entered, is nothing to it. Every inch of the ground leading up to the Redan, And the t n e he g ke musketrywhi without eo ui st ditch also, is swept by flanking fire; inside it consists of been battery adopted,b hi n ambnadi might t he e at 7 gh , owr on n h u ap reduplicated; overwhelming a e an l m dw i fire covering each line. Every species of defence has n so extensive, there are so many ins and outs, works with in works, covered. ways and c.asemated communications, that fighting either side being a complete victor. Then the bill in the rear of all these works is completely swept by the Gar den Batteries on the other side of the harbour. As the Russians said, no direct assault of th e wor k could possibly succeed if the garrison within preserved the most ordinary coolness and pluck. The Little Redan, though a less important work,. , was constructed somew h at after the same fashion. Not so the Malakhoff, where there is scarcely any flanking fire, and where there is only one line of retrenchment, though a formidab'e one. Once within the work, the assaulting columns and the defend ers would fight very nearly on the same f oo ti ng. N othing but, a model, strictly and scientifically prop or ti one d , will ever give a just idea of these wonderful w or k s , w hi ch have been growing and increasing week by week for so many months ; but such an undertaking would involve endless labour. The photographists, especially Mr. Ro bertson, of Constantinople, are very busy, and will, no doubt, produce lac-stir:4les of some of the individual parts ; the complicated whole, however, with all its in tricate and mutual relations, is beyond their reach. Nothing but constant, studious inspection can give a due estimate of the reality. By the bye, talking of photographists, rather an amus ing incident has occurred at the . Redan. A d a y or two some curious French visitors, inspecting one of the un derground " dunks " with which the Redan abounds, found a box containing some implements which they re cognised as belonging to a photographic app aratus. They also fou n d some chemicals connected with the science of photography. The name of a celebrated firm of ;opticians in Regent street, London, was marked on some portions of the apparatus. It soon became spread abroad that the Russians, among other devices, had been employing photography against us ; and th e cir cumstance of the Russian savant having sent to London far his implements, which were fated to fall again into English hands, as quoted as a curious coincide nce . The most valuable part of the machine, the lens, had not been left b e hi n d a nd the parts which remained, therefore, were broken up and carried off by different persons from motives of curiosity. Some of the chemi cals were of actual value, and were alio taken away. The next day an officer in naval uniform was observed searching diligently a t the bunk from which the box with the photographic apparatus had been abstracted. P ro - He his had present visit sently his eye fell upon a broken portion of the sta i d for the came r a, an d th e n the distressing truth flashed across his mind. The solved.riddloefwdaasyshere io up from his ship a couple visit to the Redan, and had taken some photographs, but left with the intention of returning to take others, Not wishing to encumber himself with the convey ance back of all his apparatus, he bad concealed the bulky part of it in the under-ground bunk alluded to, and estimating too lightly the inquisitive and acqui sitive character of his neighbours he hoped to find his property waiting in the same place for him on his next visit. So was concluded the " shave respect ing, the Russian photographs of the Redan, though, as some who made the first discovery may not have heard of the second, the story of this, among the other scien tific pursuits of the defenders of the Redan, way yet be chronicled as an established fact. have several bells now i n cam p suolwa,m,tbcu.il;dtainagtearipueirschfrtoommsyehhaustt,optool. protect against topol) has tolled midnight. brought upTfhreombeslleb(awse. Naval aald Military Intelligence. The Orinoco steam-transport, No. 218, arrived at Spit head yeste'rday morning from the East, with invalids from the hospitals, and wounded from the final assault on Sebastopol of the Bth ult. She left Balaklava on the 22d of September, arrived at Constantinople on the 24th, and left on the 29th, and left Malta on the 4th inst. On the 11th inst., in lat. 41.22, long. 9.30, she passed the screw-steamer Corinthian, steering south ; on the Bth, in lat. 36.33, Jong. 2.28, passed the American ship Zephyr. She has brought home Col. Wood, Col. Hey land of the 7th Royal Fusi:iers, wounded in the ankle a t the assault on the Redan, on tie Bth ult.; Capt. Turner, Royal Artillery ; Capt. Beresford, of the 88th C onnaug h t Rangers, woundd in the side ; Capt. Mauleverer, of the 1 88th, and Capt. Bertram of the 41st, both wounded in the foot ; Captain Ward, of the LBth Royal Irish ; Lieut. Rattray, of the 9th, wounded in the breast; Lieutenant Sir C. Pigot, of the 90th, wounded in the arm ; Lieut. Deverell, of the 90th, wounded in the leg ; Lieut. Lambert, of the 88th, wonnsied in the neck ; Lieut. Hopton, of the 88th, woundeeh in the back (all at the assault on the Redan on the Sth ult.) ; Second class Staff-Surgeon Rutherford, Assistant-Surgeon Or ford, Acting-Assistant-Surgeon .IVPlCutchin, invalided from fever; five intermediate passengers, Quartermaster- Serjeant Saut, 68th Regiment; Corporal Grundy, Royal Artillery ; Serjeaut Rock, Turkish Contingent ; 178 in valided soldiers, mostly wounded, from Balaklava and Scutari ; three women, three children, one servant of Lieut.-Colonel de Batte, and one of Capt. Pechell, all in medical charge of Dr. Coveruton, Surgeon of the Ori noco, under whom all are doing well. Four deaths oc curred on the passage. The Marlborough, 131, screw three-decker, fitting her machinery in the steam-basin at Portsmouth, re ceived her screw on S a t ur d ay even i ng, and makes such progress in fitting her engines that she will soon be ready to get up steam. The Vixen steam transport, Master Commander Pym, R.N., arrived at Portsmouth yesterday from Woolwich, with some portions of the machinery for this ship. The Hastings, CO, screw blockship, Captain E. G. Fanshawe, arrived at Spithead on Friday night from the Baltic, and has gone into Portsmouth :Harbour to refit. The Pembroke, 60, screw blockship, Captain Sey mour, left Portsmouth harbour for Spithead, after re pairing a few defects, on Saturday. The Russell, 60, screw blockship, Captain Francis Scott, was taken out of dock at Portsmouth on Friday evening. Lieutenant W. Clark, late of the Star, has been ap pointed to the Waterloo for disposal ; Lieut. W. Vicary, late of the Buzzard, to the Victory ; and Lieutenant G. E. Barnes, late of the Hastings, to the Impregnable. The freight ship Neptune sailed on Saturday morning from Woolwich Arsenal with 200 barrels of tar, a num ber of watercarts and saddles ; and a cargo of military appurtenances and stores for the East. The Havannab, 19, Captain Thomas Harvey, was in spected in Plymou h wound by Port-Admiral Sir Wil liam Parker, on Tuesday, and on Saturday morning sailed for the Pacific with mails for Rio and Valparaiso, taking with her those which were on board the Siren. The Siren, 16, Commander Otway, which put back damaged on Friday, was towed on Saturday by the Zephyr steamer from the Sound into Eamoaze, where she will receive new mainmast. The Cuckoo gun-boat, Lieutenant Commander Augus tus G. E. Murray, arrived at Sheerness from the Baltic at 1 p.m. on Friday. She put into Hull in consequence of meeting with heavy gales from the south-west and being in want of coals. She left at Elsinore on the Ist inst., the day of her departure, the Basilisk, 6, paddle wheel steam-sloop, Commander Robert Jenner. During a gale .of wind, when the Cuckoo was in the Gulf of Bothnia, she lost all her anchors and cables a tew days previous to her leaving for England. She succeeded in procuring a stream anchor and chain cable from the Pembroke, 60, screw steam-ship, Captain George H. Seymour. Commander Murray reports that the win ter season had set in very severely, and quite three weeks sooner than it did last season. The Cuckoo has taken and destroyed twenty-seven sail of mer chant vessels and transports of the enemy, each vessel averaging 200 tons. These vessels were destroyed in consequence of there not being a sufficient number of seamen or officers to put on board to send them to Eng land. The Hailer, 17, screw steam-sloop, Commander A. Storey, has taken and destroyed a still greater num ber of the enemy's vessels of a similar class. The ma chinery and hull of the Cuckoo are reported to be in a very defective state from continual service for the last seven months, she having run over more than 30,000 nautical miles. She is to be taken into dry dock No. 5 for survey and repairs. She was the first vessel fitted as a gur-boat on the breaking out of the present war with Russia. Orders have arrived at Sheerness to prepare to receive the Sanspareil, 70, screw steam-ship, Captain Woodford J. Williams. She is to take her guns on board (which were landed to make room for sea service mortars, which have :rine° been landed at Portsmouth)* to com plete provisions, stores, ammunition, &c., and is to be ready for imine , liata foreign service. The West Indies is reported to be her destination. WINTER CIRCUIT OF THE JUDGE& In addition to the usual winter assize for the counties of York and Lancaster, the Lord Chancellor has inti mated that a special commission will be issued for a general assize and gaol delivery in the several counties throughout the respective circuits where the return of the number of prisoners for trial renders such a course advisable. The assizes will be confined simply to a gaol delivery, no nisi prius business being taken, and will be held in the early part of the month of Decem ber, and the commission issued as soon as the returns are made, when the circuit upon which each of the judges will proceed will be agreed to. It will Le recol lected that at the close of the last session Lord Brougham brought in a bill in the House of Lords for the establishing of a general winter circuit throughout England and Wales, slaking three circuits instead of two during the year. Lord Campbell opposed the bill, on the ground that the judges had quite enough to do, n an ob d le th a a n t d i L N a v rre was rdi lord shouldotcalledfur, and suggested that the The d Lord Ch ance ll or having admittedgoand do tbe the work. ocoessity, and promised that commissions should issue for a general gaol deli very, Lord Brougham the measure, consented to withdraw The Ost Deutsche Post professes to have learned from " a private but excellent source, that a power ful di v i s i on o f th e Alli e d fleets is either going into or is already in the Gulf or Liman of the Dnieper." "The little maritime town of Oczakoff is, in this expedition, to be what Deitch was in that of the So, of Azoff." STATE OP TRADE MANCHESTER, Sept. 12.—The intelligence from Lon don yesterday that the Bank of England had not fur ther advanced their rates of discount afforded some re lief ; but the market is still very dull ; and whilst buyers evince an unwillingness to come under engage ment, sellers are beginning, in some cases, to feel the want of money, and rather pressing for sales. Long cloths, T cloths, and domestics, though less de pressed than shirtinge, are lower in price, with much irregularity. Printing cloths have withstood the influ ences affecting the market better than any other fabrics; but have not escaped without some depreciations in value. Yarns, generally, are dull of sale ; but warps and cops have been more pressed on the market than other kinds of twist, and have, consequently, suffered most in price. LEEDS, Oct. 12 .—ConRidering the unsettled state of the money market, and other disturbing causes, which are at present exercising considerable influence on com mercial affairs, there is quite as much business doing in the woollen cloth trade as can reasonably be expected. During the current week there hks only been a mode rate attendance of buyers in the town, and the business done has been of a quiet character, and principally in goods suitable for the winter trade. HALIFAX, Oct. 12.—The wool market has ruled slacker this week, and prices incline in favour of the buyers. tARNSLEY.—We are glad to have to state that the fancy trade for the foreign market still continues to in 4 prove. More hands are set on every day by the houses engaged in the manufacture of these fabrics. Country Markets. HADDINGTON COR MARKET-0c T. 12. WHEAT. BARLEY OATS. BEAN., First 94s Od 453 Od 403' 6d 55s 03 Second BBs 7d 42s 4d i 36s 7d 521 5d Third 8 43 Od 3 4 s Od I 60s Od 48: 03 New wheat—First, 97s I Second, 83s 6d I Third, 68s Od Total quantity of wheat in market, 570 qrs., 486 told PP Pt barley „ 475 qrs., 475 sold oats 1, ,; 404 qrs., 399 sold beans - Si, qrs., 50 sold „J P, AVERAGES PER IMPERIAL QUARTER. Wheat, 4/. 3 9 0-12ths ) Barley, ...21. 2 4 9-12ths Oats, ... 11. 16 7 11-12ths ) Beans, 2/. 12 5 0-12 tbs PP PP DALKEITH GRAIN AIARKET—OcT. 11. Qrs. Best. Current. Inferior. 270 Wheat 96s Od. 822 Oats '3Bs 8d oos Od 722 Barley 4ss (:d oos Od 1] s Od 23 Peas & beans 55s Od oos Od. ABERDEEN—Ocr. 12. Potato oats 31s Od to 32s Od Common oats 298 Od to 30s Od }4olbs per bushel Bere 36s Od to 38s ea 1 531bs Barley 36 s Od to 38 s Od Wheat, red (spring)O6s Od to 70s Od , white 75s Od to 82s Od 621bs ~ OaLeal 23s 041 to 21s Gd per boll. Flour 58s Od to 59s Od per sack. RETAIL PRICES. Flour —s Od to 3s 2d Barley flour,l4lb. Os to 2sod Oatmeal,l4lb 2s 4d to 2s scl „ dust, Os to Os 10d Beremeal is 9d to is 10d , per lb lid t o kd Peasemeal... 2s 7d to 2s 8d Sid ' s, Os to Os 84 4-lb. 10af...9d. 2-lb. 10af...41d. Cheese, per imperial stone, 3s to 3s 6d. PROVISION MARKET. Beef, per lb 6d to Od Butter, p lb. Os 12d to is id Mutton, per lb .6(1 I to 8d Eggs, p doz. Os 8d to Is Od Veal, per lb 6d to 8d Hens, p pair 3a Od to Ss 6d Pork, per lb 5d to 6d Chickens,do. 2s Od to 2e. 6d Salmon, per lb Os to Os Ducks, do., 2s Od to 2s 61 Grouse, per brace Os to Os Ducklings,do 2s Od t., 2c 6d Tallow, p stone, ssod to 5s 6d Turkeys, each4s Od to N Od Potatoes, pr peck, 6d to 7d Geese, do., 3s 6d to Is Butter for exportation (present cure) per cwt..oB Od to 95s Eggs, wholesale price, per dozen .... DUBLIN—OcT. 13. White wheat, 41s Od to 45s Od ; red ditto, 39s to 43s 0 1 ; barley, 17s Od to 21s 6d ; oats, 17s Od to 19s 6d ; rapeseed, 40s Od to 44s 6(1 per brl ; oatmeal, 15s Od to 17s Od ; bakers' flour, 24s 0(1to 27s Od per cwt ; luuiau corn, 40s Od to 438 per 4801bs. SEABORNE MAILS. (N signifies that the mails are sent from the General Post-oflies ay the night—and M by the morning—aespateh.) Day when ma to u,. yron, ,vat Wfibil COUNTRIES. in General Post- Port. due n Office, London.* Di spAdig , E ngland itmerica(byßrit.pach)N Every Friday • Liverpool . , Each America. tby United Sts. packet) .. ....N ••• • •• • • Liverpool Oct. 17 ... America (by U. S catos packet) ....... ...N • • ..... • • Southampt on Australia (via South ampton) ..........M .• • • Southampton Aug. 14 Ditto (via Marseilles) N ..... •• • •• • Dover Ditto (via Cape of Good'sp) .. .. • nce 6 rtahl Africa (West Coast) ..Nl23d of the month.. Plymouth • .. .. 'O t. c A1exandria...........N 8,9, 24, & 30 of m. Dover —AI 4th & 20th of mon . Southampton . Bahamas ... m;17t11 of the month Southampton f Belgium .......... • ..N! allY• •••••• • • • • • Dover ...... Many Brazil ............ .-M9th of the month.. Southampton Nov. 15 Buenos Ayres 9th the month., ISouthampton Nov. 15 Cape of Good Hope .....N Various portsitincertaln Cape of Good Hope N Cape de Verds «N 9th of the Month Southampton INov. 15 Ceylon (see India) Cey10n........ Channel 151e5.... ,• ..N,Mon.,Wed.,&Frld. Southampton Tu.Th.Sat. & 17th of month Southiunptor China .... Constantinople .... ..N 1 8,13,18,23,&28 of n, Dover ...... Constantinople 4th & 20th of mon. 133uthampton Cont. of Europe Mbh N Twice daily .... Dover ...... Ttviocdally Egypt (see India) France ........ M & NlTwice daily.... • • Dover TwicodailY Gibraltar 7,17, 20, 27 of tn. Southampton Oct. 15 Greece (soo India) Broytown m ! 2rid & 17th of mon. S out h amp t on llamburgh ...........N Tuesday & Fridsy ;London ilavannah M 2nd of the month southarapton Oct. 16 M Daily ••.•• • .. D0ver....... lionduras ~...... m,l7th of the month. Southampton 16thofmon India (viaSouthampt.) !4th & 20th of 17 on. Plymouth .. Oct. 20 India (via Marseilles) M 9th& 25th of month Dover ...... lonian Isles (see Ind] a) 7, 17, & 27 of mon D0ver...... Ireland & N Twice daily ...... Holj head ~.ITwleedally Lisbon .• • • Madeira ...• ,3.1 9th of the month Southampton Nov. 15 Madeira .N 23d of month ..•. Liverpool Malta (see India) Malta 8,18, &28 of mon. Dover » Oct. 20 Mauritius (see India) Mauritius ..........N 14th of the month Mexico 2nd of the month.. ,Soathautpten.Noy. 16 Naples .•••.e••• go • al,solsth2,sthofmortDover •• •• New Granada 121 & 17th of month Southampton New Zea1and........... 'By private si .. Various port Uncertabt Papal States ..N •thlsth2sthorinon. Dover Peninsula Tthl7th27thorinon. Southampton Para ...........M.... <d & 27th of mon. Southampton Port Natal ...........N private ship... Various ports Uncertiam Rielly ..N ithllth2sthormon. Dever ...... Tuscany •• •• •• •• •••••.N ,thlsth2sthofinou. Dover •• •• •. Venezuela Id& 17th of monu Southampton 1 &16 moll Van Diemen's', ml .(see Australia) •• .• •• .• Welt tnaio it 17th °I mont) - Southampton! ' & 16 me When any of these dates fall on a Sunday, the mails will be spatched on the folio wing day, with the exception of the India ( Southampton), and e Malta, both of which will be despatched th preceding day. THE Moous.----60n the Rumedale moors, in this county, Mr. T. E. 0. Ho:rne shot,. on the afternoon of Saturday, the 22d ultimo, 14 brace of grouse ; on the 25th, 24 brace grouse and 3 hares; on the 26th, 26 brace grouse; on the 27th, staled and shot a fine eiled hind ; and on the 28th, shot 22 brace grouse and 7 bares, making a total of 91 brace in 34 days. The birds are now very strong and wild:. —John o'Oroat Journal. [AnvEnnsERENT.]-11olloway's Pills invigorate the System and pr oyirite Health. —Mrs. Reynolds, of Bur tin, had been a great ~ u ff.-rer for many years from a complication of nervous diseases, so that her constitu tion had becom e very much impaired, which affected both her mental And physical powers ; her strength also was completely prostrated ; change of air, change of scene, and every available remedy was resorted to with out any beneficia I effect whatever, as she appeared to be sinking fast. H..olloway's pills were commenced at this critical period, s.nd by this unrivalled medicine Mrs. Reynolds speedily derived temporary relief, and ulti mately a permail lt .n h t e c a ur h e . was o e i ff d eo b t y ed all a y n e d n s d b o e rse , oi nr m iek ad ve . : to enjoy excelle a cine, and at Professor Holloway's establishments, 244, Strand, London,. .and 80, Maiden-lane, New York. BIRTH S. OF A SON. On the 9th in sty., at Ham Court, Worcestershire, the wife of Major Johnson, sth Fusiliers. On the hth in et . the wife o f M r . F. W . D enny, of Elm grove, Peckham, k3'urrey. OP A DAUGHTER. On the ilth in al at Queen's place, Sonthsea, the widow of Captain M. M. : Hammond, Rifle Brigade—prematurely. On the 11th inict at Oran, Yorkshire, the wife of the Ron. J. C. Dunda a. On the 11th in si at Southsea, the wife of C ap t a i n J , Monta gu H ayes, 73 '„.N. MARRIED. On the 10th in.sl:l., by the Rev. Dr. Adler, John D. Ro senthal, solicitor, of 34, Harcourt-street, Dublin, to Minna, sixth daughter o 1 B. Solemons, Esq., of Albemarle -street, Piccadilly. On the 9th has t., at Lerwick, Sh etland, A rt h ur John Wood, of 4, New - sq uare, Lincoln s-inn, barrister-it -law, to Elizabeth Nifil) et, youngest daughter of the late ?Ir. D. Nicolson, of Ler w la. DIED. On the 11th Logi at Penge, Mr. Charles Martyr, jun., of Laurence Porn tney-lane, city, aged 34. On the 12th iunl:,., at Islington, Mary, relict of the late Richard Ellis, re( 1 ., aged 75. On the 11th i ni it., at Spondon, Derbyshire, Elizabeth, widow of Thom at I Nixon, Esq., late of Nuttall Temple, Nottinghamshir e, aged 84. On the sth in. It Samuel Barker, Esq., formerly . of Mat tersea and Barn b: 7 Moor, Notts, aged 71. On board the ti •ansport ship Robert Lowe, in consequence of five wounds r a 3eived during the assault on the Redan on the Bth ult., Ch s rles Henry Beck, Lieutenant 23d Royal Welsh Fusiliers, second son of S . Adams Beck, Esq., Cheam, S urrey. ' On the 10th. inst., at Argyle -place. Regent-street, Richard, eldest 9 in of Mr. John C. S. Atkins. On the 6th in e at Bexhill, Sussex, Hannah, relict of the late John I) 1 outh, Esq. LONDON : Prin tad and Published by KURD° YOU of No. 112, F trend, Printer, at The Sun Office, No, 112, Strand, in tl e Precinct of the Savoy, to th o cogul yof itiddleagx, 1 Woday, Oottber 15,1855. 13 Sole SAD Used the g Mend . stand Be pa - pared street "J. a Neu coin Fuel Boil( at al Was; hand Shop S' BA mitt I and : 'At. CII beiCT. Oci pally pecte, :Nue] audi of tt in m All Roul riddi of tb ern Priv Boa• circl Box of b form at It