The Sun. — London, England, 1855-10-02 00:00:00

ST. GEORGE ASSURANCE COMPANY• Offices, 118, PALL-MALL, London. CHAMMAN - --Viscount RANELAGH, Park-place, St. James's. DEPUTY-Cnaiamats—HENßY POWNALL, Esq , Ladbrook-square, SECRETAILT—W.C. URQUHART, Esq. POLICIES ABSOLUTELY INDISPUTABLE. Annuities and Endowments for families, children, and others, on the most favourable terms. Premiums payab'e yearly, half-yearly, or quarterly. No charge for medical fees or stamps. Loans granted for long or short periols, paya`..le by monthly, quarterly, or half-yearly Instalments. Defective Titles, Reversions, &c., assured and guaranteed. PROVIDENT CLERKS' MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE SSOCIATION. Established 1840. This association embraces every description of mutual life assur ance among all classes of society. Immediate, gefarred, and contingent anntf tics and endowments granted on the most liberal terms. • BONUSES• may be received in cash, applied to reduction of future premiums, or added to the policy, at the option of the insurer. • a Amount already assared.... .......... £900,0c , 0 • Present -annual income . • 23,000 • For Prospectuses and all other information, apply to the local agents of the Association, London. or at the Chief Office, 15, Moorgate-street, By order of the Boort WILLIAM THO VAS LINFORP, Secretary. Import ant WILLIAM are offered to Clerks assuring. with this Association in connection with the PROVIDENT CLERKS' BENE VOLENT • THE LIVERPOOL and LONDON FIRE AND .LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. Capital, Two 'Millions. Established in 1836. Empowered by Special Acts of PJrlament. offices: 37, Castle-street, Liverpool; 20 and'2l, Poultry, London; and 61, King-street, Manchester. ' TRUSTEES. Sir Thomas Bernard Birch, Hart. - Adam Hodgson. Eq. Samuel Henry Thompson, Esq. DIRECTORS TN LIVERPOOL. CHAIRMAN--TTIONIAS BROCKLEBANK, Esq. DEPUTY-CHAIRMEN-Joseph C. Ewart, Esq., M.P., and Francis Haywood, Esq. Secretary—Swinton Eoult. Esq. DIRECTORS IN LONDON. Chairman—MATTHEW FOESTI4, Esq. ' Deputy-Chairman—George Frederick Toting, Esq, Resident Secretary—Benjamin Henderson, Esq. DIRECTORS IN MANCHESTER. Chairman—SAMUEL A.SITTONT, Esq. Resident Secretary—R. A. Kennedy, Esq. • . CONSTITUTION - . TUE LI ABILITY Or THE PROPRIETORS IS UNLIMITED; ALL DIRECTORS MUST Br SHAREHOLDERS IN TILE COMPANY. FIRE DEPARTMENT. _ _ _ 1R53. . 1P54. 4113,612 Premiums received • • £146 096. Insurances may be effected in this department on terms as low as those of molt other Companies. - Fapniug Sitock,Trsured at - 3s. percent., free fromlito conditions of average, Find allowing a Steam Thr.3shln:.; Machina. LIFE DEPA:RTATEXT. 1853. 1851. £6,913 Premiums on XCNT Bas!n - Es £10,267. Annuities Immediate and Deferred. Bonuses guaranteed when the Policy is issued. No Stamp Duty charged on Life Poncies.. Prospectuses and farther information may be obtained at the Offices of the Company, or from eny of the agents. Persons whose Fire Policies with this Company expire on the'29th instant are respectfully reminded that r;ceipts for the renewal of the same will be found at the Head Offices in Liverpool, London, and Maachoster, and in the hands of the Agents. SWINTON BOULT, Secretary to the Company. September, 1855. GUARDIAN FIRE AND Ll FE ASSURANCE C3MPANY, No. 11, Lombartl-stree‘,. London. DIJACTOBS. FRANCIS HART DYKE, Esq., Chairman. ITENRY HUISE BERENS, Esq., Deputy-Chairman. John Dixon. F.sq. Stewart 'Ma rjorlhanks. Esq. Sir W. M. T. Farquhar, Bari John ‘E art! a. Esq., M.P. Sir Walter R. Farquhar, Brt Rowland Mitchell, Esq. 'l'. Hank ey, jun., F.sq., M.P. James Morris, Esq. John Harvey. Esq. Henry Norris n, E , q. John G. Hubl.artl, Esq. Henry R. Reynolds, Esq. George Johnstone, Esq. John Thornton, Esq. John Laboueltere, Esq. James Tulloeh. Esq. John Loch, Esq. Henry Vigne, Esq. iamiTops. , A. IV. Robarts, Esq. 1 Henry Sykes Thornton, Esq. Lewis Lloyd, jun„ F.sq. ! .Tohn Henry Smith, Esq. • George Keys, F. , 0., Secretary. Samuel Brown, Fsq., Actuary. LIFE DEP kiiTllf ENT.-.-Unter the provisions of an Act of Par rament, this Company now offers to future insurers Four-fifths of the Profits,,with Quinqnennial Division, or a Low Rate of Premium Without participation of Profits. The next division of Profits will he declared in 'Time, 1.5.60. when i 1 Participating Policies which shell have subsisted at least one year Ed Christmas, 1859, will be allowed to share in the Profits: At the five divisions of Profits made by this Company, the total re virsionary Bonuses added to the Policies have exceeded 913,000 . At Christmas list the Assurames in force amounted to upwards of 4 040,0007. ; th e I ncome f rom t h e L i fe Branch i n 1854 was more . 20 0,009 L ; and the Life Asewance Fund (independent of the Guarantee Capital) exceeded 1,700,0007. FOREIGN RISKS,—The Extra Premiums required for the East and West Indies, the British Colonies, and the northern parts of the United States of America, have been materially reduced. INVALID LlVES.—Persons who are not in such sound liealth,ns - . Would enable them to insure their Lives at the Tabular-Premiums, May have their Lives insured at Extra Premiums. • LOANS granted on Life Policies to the extent of their values, pro vided such PoliCies shall have been effected a sufficient time to have attained in each case a value not under 507. ASSIGNMENTS OF POLICIES.—Written Notices of, received 11,( IrestiStered. fees paid by the Company, and, no charge will be mate for Policy stamps. Notice is Hereby Given, That Fire Policies which expire at Michaelmas must he ren-wed within fiteen days at this Office, or With Ur. Sams, No. 1 St James's-street, corner of rall.mall, or with the Company's Agents throughout the Kingdom, otherwise they become void. L?ssas caused by Explesion of Gas are admitted by this Company CONTRACT FOR PIG IRON. •_ _ . Department of the Storekeeper General of the Navy, Somerset-place, Ist October, 1855. TRE Commissioners for Executing th e Offi ce - of Lord High Admi ra l of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, do Hereby Give Noiice, that on TUESDAY. the 16th fotstant, at Two o'clock, they will he ready to treat with such persona ;Ismay be willing to Contract for supplying her Majesty's several ' L 'ockYards with • • - SOFT MELTING PIG . Dl . ltr:bution of the Iron and a Form of the tender may be seen at the said office. No tender will be receive,: after two o'clock on the day` of treaty, nor will any be noticed, unless the party attends, or an agent for him duly authorised in writing. Every tender must he addressed to the Secretary of the Admiralty, ,and-bear in the left-hand corner the words "Tender for Pig Iron," and most also be delivered at S"merset-place, accompanied by a Jotter signed by two responsible persons, engaging to become bound W ith the person tendering in the snm of 8001. for the due performance -of the contract. SM WM. BURNETT'S DISINFECTING num, for destroying all Offensive Smells and purifying Sick &c. Its cost is less th an O ne F ar thi ng per G a ll on w h en dil utod for use. Sold by all Chemists, and at 18, Cannon-'treet, City. Gallons, ss. Quarts, 2s. Pints, Is. Half-pints, 6d. APPETITE AND DIGESTION IMPROVED. LEA. and PERRINS' WORCESTERSHIRE • SAUCE imparts the most exquisite relish to Steaks, Chops, and all Enact Meat Gravies, Fish, Game, Soup. Curries, and Salad, ' l na by its tonic and invigorating properties enables the stomach to Perfectly digest the food. The daily use of this aromatic and delicious Sauce is the best safe !Ward to health. Sold 1):7 the proprietors, Lea and Perrins, 19, Fenchurch-street, London, and 68, Broad-street, Worcester; also by Messrs. Barclay Song, Messrs. Crosse and Blackwell, and other oilmen and mer chants, 'London ; and generally by the principal dealers in sauce. N-13. —To guard against imitations, see that the names of "LEA ltd PEOIRINS" aro upon the label and patent cap of the bottle. rrETE NORTH SIDE of SEBASTOPOL to be TAKEN.—The plans of operation not being made public, but ageneral inwession existing that successful measures will soon be sadopte(l, it is the north and winters - side of the Russian fortifications "which ',via next fall before the Allies, and furnish another instance of military skill and perseverance. The attack on the south has etteceed•ed, and the surrender of the forts has revealed valuaqe mili• latry provisions. By the force of comparison every one will perceive I ke an elegy between these Circumstances. and the business of E. -MOSES and SON. The success of their summer campaign has been fully a ttested, and has revealed the vast commercial forces they .e.omrn and. The light, the waterproof, the attractive, and the ge, "calm sly garments, which have been so approved, have risen above all criaticism, and left every one vocal in.praise of the generalship of 1 110, ;es and Sox. The Autumn and Winter season approaches; the 0 91 mnente of personal comfort must again be eombatted ; the 4 cseure es are ample and the arrangements complete. The . Kertch Jacket and the Emperor's Cape, in which the materi als are seasonable, the designs popular, the effect highly satisfactory, conifer t secured in every way by these garments, and by thousands of ease r elegant and novel inventions. The north completely con quered with superlative Dress, Hosiery, Boots and Shoes, &c., &c., at extr aordinarily economical prices. E ver Y article of Attire required by Sportsmen is furnished by E. Moses a tad SON. Their Sporting Dress is the most comfortable and c asY. Kovel in materials and design, it imparts a graceful appear ance an el maintains universal approbation. Hats and Caps for Sportsmen of the most novel and serviceable order. _ The' largest stock of Boots for sporting excursions, of very supe rior tterials and workmanship, at very reasonable prices. _ H os! ery for Sportsmen, the newest articles in the greatest variety. rrlees always very economical. , M OM tnnen in the country can' o bt a i n th e i r d ress complete, In an 'Minna able tit, by application for E. Moses sad Sox's system of self- Inea sui e,meot, sent post free to all parts of t he kingdom. Wary 7 at/17.—E. MOSES and SON regret having' to gaard the pn bite gainst imposition. hevine learned th a t th e rmtracleiman-like of Being connected with their Establishment," or " It's the 'dalX ea concern," ions been resorted to in many instances, and far obvious reasons. Taoy beg to state that they have IsT artNEsres WITII ANY oTIIII3. HOME IN 011 otTIC OF LONDON, Lone except their own Establishments, ft. 3 under ion City Establishment, 154, 155. 156, and 157, Minories, 83, G 4.15, C ad 86, Aldgate, opposite the Church. all communicating. Lon( '(i:1 West-end Branch, 506, 507, 508, New Oxford-street, 1,2, an I a, corner of Hart-street, all communicating. -. 1 "a3 n led (Yorkshire) Branch, 19 and 20, Bridge-street. • Muni , 113 Branch, 36, Fargnto, ColOte al Branch, Melbourne, Australia, Merc:l tent Tailose,Blethiers Drapers, Hatters, Hosiers, Boot and Bho , a Manteactur,:ri, General Warehcusemen, and Outfitters for Ladi NI and Gentlemen. Should . any article purchased at their Establishment not give an tornetiri thtfacO 'Biwa, will be oschanged if d es i red, or.the money willbe Ye- SPEC,I AL NOTICE.—The Est a bli shments will be CLOSED on THURSI )AY and FRIDAY next, Oct. 4th an d sth, re.opeaing on Satarda3 r evening, the 6th inst., at 7 o'clock. G R AVESEND BTA It PACKETS. tic) )her Packets call at the Greonhlthe and Purilest Pi, rs. 'rho F le% ot3 call at the Piers as underlined (weather permatil g). FROM TERRACE PIER, GRAVESEND. ivicsit I)Ays. SqI(PAYM Terms , e Pier Time i . , g 8 a Onr . — le "uses from Fenchureh-street Station to all parts of London vae:/ aarter of an hour. BRIMS %VICE WriARF, BLACKWALL, on tho arrival of the fo 10, ving Trains from the Fonchurch-street Station. WERII DAY a. RV:WATS. ------ , ---- : ---- - - - 2 ---- 1 --- , .. a. . chNon- -7.' ..,. , z ..,F. 7ii Fen- ti . T ig 1 nrct : - , 4 1. ,'' ..`..? .76 L iii church 3 ' •z '',., e, 4 Street r. 41 a u .. .> c ,, Street, 11 P 4 ' 0 44 I .Ft k ' P '' Ai "---- • 10 - --.--- 12 ——— 10 ——— ' - 11 1 _ I b s i I I ......4.—.L......_____________ Ferns. Fero Cabtn. Saloon. . 'to or trim Gra ?mend and London".. ..... 11. •. Is. 2d. ~ araveten I, :lad ELlzkwall or Wooltilth 8,1. .. O E. “ 5, .. 1 . ~ Erith an 1 Lond..)n. ..... .. •• •• • • ••ah c d • •. Os. lOd ~ Erith an I Clackyvait or Woolwich ..., „ c. •. Os. 6d. between Gray liana and Intermediate Piers.. 6d. .. Os. Bd. septereber 230.1, 1855. ikt o .l 6 5 PUBLICATIONS. On Oct( ber la, No. XXXII., price 3s. Gd., rpri, km JOURNAL of PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE. Edit ;..(1 by FonnEs WiNsLow, M.D., D.C.L. State of the Insane in Ireland. —• ocial Statist!cs of Insanity.— On Morbid, Physical, and Re.lizious Phenotnow...—lnsanity and De moniacal Pos: , :essiOn.—On the Study of ental P hilwophy.-I‘l of - Killiarn 'Puke. Physiolt , gy of the Drain, — Ctimittdßesponsibility of the Insane.—Humane Treatment of tare InstrT.—Pathology of Insanity.—American -Asylums for the Imtr.ne.—Cerebral Pathology. Private Asylums in Ireland.— Religious Consolaton to the Insane On the Treatment.o, Insanity,—Orr the Treatment of .Idlptcy. In fluence of Ether and Chloroform oh the Mind. —;Deaftt esi and Dumb ness in Connection with the Insane. Loutlon: John Churchill, T: ear Burlington.street, The Third alition.--Ziast published, price 55., by post, free, 54. 6d. ON TRUE F.A.LsE SPERMA.TORRIIA with the 17.; .``'N of distinguishing the Imaginary front tla . latl Ruffercrs under this disome, and 11,rri:cting - of wide-spread E . rrore in relation to their Treatulent ant! Cure. From the7,lorlna3, of Dr. PICK FORD. With an Introl act!, by the Editor, col asinine a complete exposure of rue syntem of terrorism said extortion pursued by the advertising quarks of the metropolis towards those whO are credulous enough to - seelt their aid. ",Ur. Ficeforsi +s knOwn to English readers by his frequent practi zat contributions to German medical literature. This is .the, drat unto; he informs RS, that he has acifarcesoil himself .to the nnai-inedi ifal reader. We trust brio may not be the lust, if he shall , lorect any other equally which It may be in his ~ewer to cor reCt."--London Melted Oszettc. " The tribe ef Quiet Syrnriathisers,' and 'Medical Friimds,' are mercilessly exposed; and if this book xssld find its ws•: , into the bands of those who suffcr from the eon,- ••.‘laint of which it trentr, we are satisfied that ninny hundreds srouli' tie saved much necd . iess mitering of body and mind, and what is of 7 tst4 importance, Lhonirh if is that which the quacks most prize— s-it/eh money ......This_volamo 'is well. qualifteitto Inn an end to_thi an:mit - teal my:4,m tresting Eriermatorilima, and to plans the treat neat open a mere raiional and Physiological basis. it is, therefore, nicety to do tench good." ' London: IL Battlers. 219, Rogout.;nroet., QUB-IRRIGATION with LIQUID MANURE. 'V Mr. WILKINA•wiII take up EitONEttt Viellit A D ING g rATION en WEDN - E , D-A Y. r, Oti4 °Week. urh Tickets by the South-Eastern Rem)* front London-brid;e. VANAGEMENT OF BOATS IN A SURF AND BROKEN WATER. (From the Journal of the Arationnl Lifeboat Institution.) Tim management of a boat in the dangerous circum stances of a heavy sea and broken water is altogether so piactieal a thing that it may bethought no rules or instruc tioLs can be given which would be of much use .to those called on to put them in execution. Arid undoubtedly experience alone can give that confidence and presence of :mind which, in addition to skilfulness, are often in dispel:: able to safety in such c:rcumstances. • Never theless, as all our coast boatmen are not equally skil ful, and as the majority of other sailors have no expo; riet.co in the managing of boats in a heavy surf, we propose to offer some recommendations, not the result of our own experience alone, but of that collected from various parts of our coasts. In offering our opinion on so important a matter as the proper management of a boat in a surf, on ,which life or death will often depend, we desire to do so with all deference to those who have already experience,for a guide, who having a knowledge .of the .particular haracter of the sea and surf in, their own loc,alities, and of their own boats, have learned that particular management which has appeared most suitabe to them. They will be able to compare our suggestions with their experience, and will then be guided by .their own judgment in a matter wherein their own safety is concerned ; but they are not the persotis for whose use our recommendations are more esireially offered. . . . _ 'Whenit i c considered how various is the character of broken virat3.-.r,• according as it is on a beach, in a tide way, in the bar of a river, or the edge of a shoal, how it will vary according to the steepness or flatness of the -hare, the depth of the water, the relative directions of the current or tide and the wind ; and again of the wind wid the shore, 4c.; and whoa also the variety in the build awl size of . boats in dlaront localities is re rugMberec.l, the conclusion will rigbti be come to, that no 6 - 77,‘ rule will lie - afifilicable to meet all cAt , eg. - That the same .r•a!e -.4 ill not applyalike to the north conntrycoble, the Yeeneuth or • Deal gallcy, the Portland laurctte, tine ship's long-boat, and-the powerful and unsulimerOble That it will not apply alike to the irregular sea on the edge of a shoal, as on the Herd Saud off the • Tyne, to the long and steady rollers advancing majesti cally in parallel lines on the open beach on exposed parts of the coast, or to the short and dangerous sea occa sioned by the of tides, called a race, as that off Port land. There will be special local peculiarities to be con sulted at• every locality which will call for some devia tion in detail from any general rule, yet on the other hand. there are undoubtedly some leading principles Which are more or less applicable to all, mid which should therefore bs ever borne in mind. . - With a view to ascertain as far as practicable the re sults of local experience, and as to how far any general rule might apply, the committee of the National Life boat Institution some time since caused a series of ques tions on the "management of boats in a surf and broken water" to be printed, and, through the assistance of the officers of coast-guard, circulated round the coast. To these questions replies were received from 128 different places on the coasts of the United Kingdom, and they contain a large amount of valuable information. In our observations on the subject we propose to state the substance of the information thus obtained on the different points of management, and to add our own comments upon them. We will premise that our remarks chiefly refer to open boats only, which are managed either by oars alone, or indifferently with sails and ears. Our subject will then chiefly be arranged in two divi: sions, viz., the proper management on goiugoff from the shoie against a heavy sea, and that on running before a surf or heavy broken sea for the land. We bad at first proposed to give a complete analysis of the coast returns aboie alluded to, but we found that the replies from 128 places to 28 distinct questions would not only have made our remarks of too complicated and lengthened a character, but that to have arranged and compared the whole f these 3,584 replies, one with another, individually, would have occupied more time than we bad at command to devote to it ; our remarks are therefore necesssarily of a more general character, drawn from the comparison we have ourselves made be tween the several returns from the different localities. Whilst or. some question", in the local information above referred to, a curious contrast of opinion on the same points may sometimes be 'observed, even at places contiguous to each other, yet on one point, viz., as to the relative amount of danger on going off against a head sea, and on running before it, the opinion is almost unanimous, that the greater danger exists when running before or away from a sea ; also, that this greater danger arises from the liability of boats to broach to or turn round broadside to the sea, irhen in the majority of cases, if the sea be heavy, they are upset. Another point on which nearly all agree is, that open boats under sail before entering the broken . water, on running for the land, should take in their sails and go through under oars. On the question of management, on going off against a broken sea, and on returning before one, we will give the question verbatim as it was pirculated on the coast. It was as follows : In rowing to windward, whether in an open boat or a life-boat, would you give a boat all pos sible speed against a heavy broken sea on its approach ; and when running before one, would you do the same away from it ; or, in either Case, would you check the boat's way until it bad passed ? The repliei to this question were thtis divided : On going off IS were in favour of giving all speed ; Sl in favour of checking speed. On running before a sea, 27 in favour of giving all speed ; 71 in favour of checking speed. Other replies were indirect, or suggested other expe dients to which we shall presently allude. It will bo observed that the opinions are on these points more conflicting than might have been antici pated ; as, however, there can be but one right way to manage boats placed in similar circumstances, it follows that either the boatmen at some parts of the coasts are unacquainted with the proper management, or that there are local circumstances which makes it vary at different places; probably both of these causes must be referred to in order to account for the disparity above dis played. On the first point, that of going off through broken water, the replies are of four kinds :-1. Give all speed possible. 2. Check speed. 3. Keep steerage-way on the boat (which may be considered equivalent to giving all speed possible against a head broken sea). 4. Avoid the sea by watching for a smooth. On the second point, that of running for the shore be fore a heavy broken sea, the replies are :-1. Check speed as much as possible. 2. Give all speed possible. 3. Bring all weights aft and keep the boat well down by the stern. 4. Tow astern a pig of ballast or other weight, or a hollow conical canvas hag called a "drogue." 5. Watch opportunity, and avbid the sea. 6. Keep steerage-way on the boat. 7. If under sail, run in under small head sail only. 8. In sail, and take the boat in under oars. 9. Steer with an oar on each quarter. 10. Turn the bow round to the sea, and back in stern foremost. On the first point, the majority of places where the seamen are noted for skill and experience are in favour of giving a boat all the speed possible on going off again at a broken sea. On the Cnorth-eastern coast of England, in Northumberland, Durham, and Yorkshire, and again on the coasts of Norfolk and Suffolk, it appears to be the almost universal custom to do so. As, again, on the second point, it is their custom to check a boat's way when running, and even, at some places, to row back against each heavy sea until it has passed, then to fol low it in, repeating the operation on each heavy sea overtaking the boat. A singular exception to the above'rule is Deal, where the boatmen are notoriously courageous and experienced, and where their custom appears, by the replies received, to be exactly the reverse of the above, giving all speed on running before a sea, and checking speed on going off against it. It appears, however, in reply to another question, that several boats have been lost at Deal by broaching -to and upsetting when running before a sea. On the first point, going off against a sea, the custom may be resolved into t wo kinds—to giveall speed through a broken sea, and to check speed on the immediate ap proach of a heavy wave. As above stated, the giving steerage-way is equivalent to all speed, as against a gale and head-sea no boat can do more than keep steerage. way on her, whilst the majority of boats could not be rowed ahead with sufficient speed to answer their helms consequence of which fact life-boats generally are steered by oars at the stern or quarter instead of with a rudder. Again, the' rule to avoid a sea if possible is only applicable to places where, from the steepness of the shore, the sea does not break until close to it, when boats, by the right opportunity being watched for, may often avoid the worst of the sea ; where, however, the shore is flat, and the sea breaks at a quarter of a mile or more from the beach, a boat must of necessity en counter a succes=ion of seas before she is clear of the broken water on going off, and after she has entered it on running for the land. The danger on going off is of two kinds. let, thnrisk of being overwhelmed by the sea breaking over the bow of the boat and filling her. 2dly, of being driven back by the sea and turned end over end, or driven down stern foremost, or turned round broadside to the sea and capsized by the same or the following wave before she can be got head to the sea again. The first danger will be more or less imminent in proportion to the size of the boat and the height of her bow as oompared with the magnitude of the waves. If the boat be small, with a low bow, it would be folly to row her right into the crest of a heavy roller at the moment of its curling over, as it would then fall into and fill the boat. The prefer able management would be, if possible, so to place her as that each sea should break a little ahead of her—yet this would often be very difficult to effect, The second danger will be the more imminent the less way there is on the boat, and the fuller and bluffer her bow ; it would probably also be greater in a light than in a heavy boat, the cause being that the boat not having sufficient speed or inertia to carry her up the ascent of the approaching wave, and over its crest, she is carried back by it, and may then, if a short boat, be turned instantly end over end—if a long one, be driven down stern foremost, or turned broadside to the sea, and capsized by the same or the next wave. On this point our opinion as to the management is, that in a small boat, if possible, the seas I should b e avo id e d un til a ft er breaking ' but if they can ? not be so , th at the utmost aped which care can effect should be given to the boat ; whilst in larger boat 3, and in life-boats, whjw,h are not in the same danger of swamp ing..-the ti.tmost'soeed should invariably- be given ; in deed- we feel. persuaded that. the. eafety of a, boat will often.depend,: in a ,r?ally heavy ser„ on preserving' her headway, and that the wide cr bluff boat, which cannot retain its headway, is, .forthat reason, often more unsafe than a narrower or sharper bo a t. That 'a boat or any other vessel will actuially float lighter, and would therefore be less easily submerged by great increase of speed, has been proved:by eaveriinent, yet without losing the advantage of the inertia derived from the actual weight of' the vessel. We may, illustrate this'oircumstance by the well-known effects exthibited by throwing a stone with considerable velocity ,obliquely to the surface of water, Which hoys denominate "duck and drake," or by a shot fired horizontally from a gun ; in either case a heavy body, which would - imme,liately sink if dropped perpendicularly, into the water, not only refuses to be submerged, but actually leaps repeatedly above the surface altogether, until its velocity is suffi cdently diminished, when it sinks. So if a boat could be propelled..with sufficient velocity, it would skim the. surface only, and would refuse to sink. On the second point, runnin - bi;;e a brokeni sea, an equal variety of management is observable, as, practised on the coast, yet all alike intended to meet the l ooe great risk of "Oro:wiling-to," which nearly all agree in consi derin -!: to be the gr ea t es t d anger t o w hi c h a b oa t can b e expol3el, and to be that which calls for the most skill and managetxtent to obviate it. AsTirefere obierved, the greater number of skilful boat men en the coast are in the habit of checking a boat's way through the water, or of backing her against a heavy sea on iteapproach. Their practice is to stop the boat's way by backing their oars until the crest of the wave has struck the boat's stern and passed her midship part, then to give way again, running in on the back of that wave. as Tar as • they may be able to, then watehiug for_ the appreoach of the next, and repea,logthe same op e re. 40 2 1. .14114 they arrive ,st. the beach Bing nnreftl42g, steering with oere at theTecierter or 'stein, to keep toe boat, an far as possible, en.] on to the direction in which the sea la running. It must Ice here observed that this managed tent is so far varied according to the character of the heat, that in cobles, and other square-stereed boats which have their bows better termed for meeting a sea than tl esir sterns are, their position is reversed before enterin g the broken water, and they are taken in stern fore no et and bow outwards, but the same principle being acted .DU of rowin g hack to meet each heavy wave, in stead c4f running frog it. In a sailing-boat this prin ciple c:ais only be so far acted on as to diminish the boat's speed through the water by taking her in under a very reduced amount of sail, which is commonly done, and by towing weights or instruments made for the purpose. Tine :silvocates of this system of management have cer tainly r eason on their side, in addition to experience ; fir as a ll acknowledge that there is greater danger in run ning be fore a broken sea than in going off against it, it is obvio us that the more the latter operation can be assi milated to the former the safer it must be also, which is thereto: re effected by an alternate progressive and retro gressiv e movement, the latter being effected at the parti cular e moments when the progressive motion would be danger•.Dus. , The true theory on which this practice is founded ice will endeavour presently to explain. Proctleding, then, to the opposite practice, of giving a boat s peed, in fact running away from the sea, which constitutes the other important distinction in practice. The principle then acted on is to escape from the danger as fast • es possible, and other expedients are then resorted to to p revent the risk of broaching-to. The most com mon of these is to trim the boat by the stern, by bring ing all.onnveable weights aft (this supposes ber stern to be out w aids ; if she were being taken in stern foremoSt, she won Id then be trimmed by the head). The force of the sea o r wind on either quarter has then less power to beat it o Ef, and cause the boat to broach to, than it would have if tl is stern were light. Another expedient is to tow a pig: of ballast, or a basket, or other instrument, which by' its weight or hold on the water has the effect of a drag; on the rear end of the boat, and prevents its being be at; to leeward by the sea, thus keeping ber end on to it. On the coast of Norfolk the following ingenious plan is , sommonly practised. The boatmen there employ an instr /uncut for the above purposecalltel a " drogue ;" it is a cc olical shaped canvas bag, of the form of a common candle e xtinguisher, about two feet diameter at the base or moot le of the bag, and six feet long, having a small opening tat the other end, or apex of the cone. When running before a heavy sea in broken water the drogue is throw n over from the 'stern, and towed by a stout rope wit ;h the large end foremost, when it instantly Bells, and fror n the resistance it opposes to the water holds the stern b. tck, and prevents the boat's broaching to : as soon as the danger is past, the large tow rope is let go, and the drogue then towed with the smaller end foremost by a small line attached to that end ; it then immediately collapses, • is emptied of water, and offers but :little resistance. The stew ring with an oar on each quarter is another expedient e iuployed to prevent broaching-to, as, when running a I ,oat will not answer her helm on being over. taken by a sea. The moo: onitindation to watch for an opportunity and avoid a sea, equally in ruining as on going off, could only be pra etised at those localities where the beach is steep. In reply to the question as to whether any particular kinds of boats are more liable than others to broach-to, the answers given are so conflicting and contradictory as to afford no information on the point. In reply to another question, as to the cause of a boat's broaching t o, the almost invariable answer is, " because the stern is thrown out of the water, and the rudder therefore ceases to act." From our own observation we have forme d the opinion that ibis is not the case, al though it is quite true that at the moment of broaching. to a boat wi. tl not answer her helm. The phew )menon of broaching -to, we believe, may be correctly acs counted for as follows :—On a boat encoun tering a he 4 .vy broken sea or roller end on, if she be sta tionary or is being propelled in a contrary direction to the wave, a he will receive its blow, and it will quickly pass by hes e her own inertia preventing her being car ried away h y it. If, however, she is being propelled in the same direction as the waves, and running rapidly through the: water with her stern toward them, on a wave ovortak'aig her, its first effect is to throw her stern up nd to depress her b ow , but, so far from her rudder bi ling out of the water, both it and her stern are buried in the crest of the wave ; in consequence, how ever, of h er previous motion being in the a me direction as that m E the wave, she now offers so slight resistance to it the it, instead of its passing, her, she is hurried along with , . it at a rapid rate over the ground, her stern highs up still immersed in the crest of the sea, and her 'i3E.W low down at its base ; as the wave approaches; shoaler water, its inshore surface approaches more and a nore nearly to a perpendicular, and the tendency of the boat to run down this steep in clination, ado led to the momentum she has already from her previous motion, causes her to run her bow under water, when her buoyancy at the end being destroyed, her stern, se ill light, is pressed onward by the summit of the wave, and the undercurrent from the last receding wave at the same time acting on her bow, she is in stantly, if a short boat, turned " end over end," or if, a long one, cap sized qnarterwise. If she have so high a bow that it d oes not become altogether immersed, or as in a life-bee at, the end of the boat is occupied by a water-tight ai r case, to the height of the gunwale, so as to prevent the ) admission of the water over the bow, the effect then is that the boat is instantaneously turned round broads ide to the sea, when again, unless she he a life-boat of a superior description, she is almost certain to be upset. In the circumstances thus described, the sole cause of a boat's running herself under water cr broaching to, is that of running from a. sea instead of awaiting it, End suffering it t o p ass by ; and the cause of the rudder being melees to keep the boat end on to the wave is not that it is thrown out of the water (although at other times it doubtless is so), for it is ac tually buried in it, as is also the stern of the boat up to her gunwale, but it is because it is stationary in it, the crest of the weave having acquired an actually progressive motion equal to that of the boat. If on the other hand the wave pass es the boat, as its crest advances from the stern to the fi irepart, the rudder and stern are thrown out of the w ater ; steering oars are therefore a most valuable anxiliary aid when running before a sea ; but we would recommend the use of a rudder as well. We have been rather prolix in our account of the phe nomenon of. broaching-to, because it is a very interesting one, which it is important should be understood is order to arrive at the proper management and to obviate its disastrous effects, which have been more fatal to the lives and p roperty of boatmen on oar coasts than those proceedleva from any other cause whatever. After the danger of broaching-to has Passed, there re mains the isseer'clanger of broaching ; and yet some skill is here also required to prevent a boat capsizing or swamping in. the surf. The general custom appears to be that where the beach is more or lees steep, she a; steered into it in an oblique direction, the bow being turned partia fly round towards that direction from which the sea is running, which then catches the boat under her counter, and lifts her brea 'side on to the beach. If, however, the shore be very flat, she is steered per pendicularly to the beach. We have now only to offer our own opinion and re commendations on the subject, for the use of those who have not already experience and skill for their guides, and for the consideration of those who have. Amongst the former, we would especially address ourselves to the crews of merchant vessels who, having to desert their ships from any cause, and take to their boats, may at tempt to land on the open coast, since no winter passes by without some of their number losing their lives in such attempts. Ist. On going off from the shore against a heavy broken sea, whether from the beach or au open coast, or over the bar of a river, and whether the beach be steep or flat, it may be presumed that, whatever be th e urgency of the case, no boat which is not of sufficient size and power, in proportion to the nature of the sea, to offer some chance of safety and success, will be taken off. In any such boat, however, our opinion is, that unless from the steepness of the beach and nature of the sea sic can, by skilful manfteetneet, be made to avoid it by watching a favourable opportunity, the ea:est plan is to give her all the speed which can be obtained by rowing. For the larger descriptions of boat taken off under Pail no rule can be given ; the Aniouzit of oil and management must depend entirely on' the .charaetor. of the boat, oa her rig, size of her eails, 'Ftrekth oftier gear, on her-stability; and the kisoivlei7ge 'which her crew have of her capabilities, &,,c. In a life-boat,' on going • off to the :uefiißtance of :a wrecked vessel, if the distance from the land is not too great, the whole service should be performed urider oars only ; and no lutists, or sails, or their gear,'shonld bo taken in the boat, as they necessarily much erieuintser the rowers, and occupythe space which may be needed for the stowage of rescued persons. If- on account of distance from the land it will b 4 indiepensable sail the boat to this site of the Wreck, it grill still be advisablejl (as being safer) to take the boat, if possible, through the broken water underi"oniv, and not to make sail on her until getting beyond it ; experience must, however, on such a point be the chief guide. 2d. Ott the management of ' a boat„-whea running through broken water for the. land, our unqualified opi nion is, that the greatest danger consists in following the natural iinpurse,to escape from the advancing seas as - rapidly ae possible; no bbat it :1 be propelled se fast but that the waves will overtake. her, 'When the reetl4is before depicted must take plaee„ Our recommendations then are :-Ist. Before :entering broken water, if a sail be set, take it in, unship the mast,.and lash botb, with any other spare gear, to the thwarts of the boat, to pre vent it falling over on the lee side, if the beat should, he struck by a sea and, thrown on her beam ends. Next, if the boat be a equire-sterned-one, turn her rennd with her head to the sea; then row or bank her in, carefully. keeping her, both with the aid of the rudder and bars, end on to the sea. Watch . each sea: as it advances, and check the ,boat's progress, by rowing or backing the oars, `the brow of the wave has passed the centre of the bent, then go it on the back, or rear side of it, to the land, if it can be done, .but keeping a constant look "ut behind for the cotsieg up of the next .weve, when the came operatien has..tiahe xepeated. Even .with these precatitione undeuhtedlv the sea may be so overWhelin iii"ro4lo44.,4p,..infeiiAr.,..ethat.,:they may f: it to save: er, hut Cieer, ceneelie`thestrtO'Wher oi'il•re means of secu rity. On arrival at the-beach she should then. if it be fiat, be taken end on quite to the shore ; if it be steep she should be sheered obliquely to it, turning her to wards that'side from which the sea is running, if it is not doing so at right angles to the.beach. As regards the crown of merchant vessels_ Ireezin,g their ships and attempting to land in their own boats, we recommend that they should not take to a boat as long as there might be any chanCe of safety in their ships, especially in the night time • that if not fitted up as a life-boat they should secure, if there should be time to do so, some small empty ca , ks, tightly corked, under the thwarts, and in the head and stern-sheets of the boat ; that if the vessel should be provided with any life buoys or life 7 belts, the former should be taken in the boat; and the latter be worn by themselves ; that they should provide her with any long small line that might be available for effecting a communication either with the shore or with another vessel, if any should be at hand. Other obvious things, such as a bucket, baler, or hand-pump, - spare thoWel-pinS, rudder and tiller, &c., we need scarcely name. That on leaving their vessel they should, if practicable, make for the nearest har bour or other sheltered place in preference to attempting a landing on the open coast, even if the weather should.be fine, or the wind off the land, as there often is a . surf on the beach in such situations that would be dangerous to ordinary ships' boats even in calm and fine weather ; lastly, that if there' should be a surf along the shore, they should, before entering it, endeavour to attract the attention., of persons on the shore, who might come to their aid inianding, or signify to them, if near enough to do so, the right mosient when, and the safest place where, to beach their boat. We cannot conclude this humble effort to render a service to the boatmen and other seamen whe may be exposed to risk on our own coasts, or elsewhere, without addressing a few words to shipowners in .case it should come to their notice. We think that they would be rendering an important service, nay, 'would be only. fulfilling an important duty, by endeavouring to.afford their servants, the crews of their vessels, every reasonable protection to their lives in case of shipwreck, or the necessity for taking to their boats. It would not put any owner to a very great ex pense to fit up one boat in his vessel as a life-boat, or so far as a life-beat that she should not founder with her crew in iffilled by a sea. It would put him to no great trouble or expense, when supplying her with a new boat, to ascertain whether it might not be constructed of a form better calculated to afford security on any emer gency to his crew. It would not put him to a very great expense to furnish a life•buoy to his vessel, and as many gond life-belts as the number of his crew. These trifling things supplied to all vessels, as they ought to be, would be the means of saving many a poor fellow's life ; the supplying them would not only be a duty to humanity, but an act of policy, as we may surely pre sume that it would also afford a balm to the conscience, and a solacing reflection to the old age of the shipowner who had, whether required by law or not, supplied them balm and a reflection which could never for a mo ment be realised by him who, on looking back over his past career, could number his lost crews by dozens, yet bad never made any serious efforts to afford them that security which, as a man and as a Christian master, be ought to have done. THE IMPROVE LENTS AT SOMERSET HOUSE.—The ex tensive additions which have been made to the western wing, a portion of which has laVerly been appropriated to the income tax and other offices, renders many alte rations necessary in various parts of the old building. Since the removal of the hoarding in Wellington -street South, before the new wing, the really beautiful avenue leading into the quadrar:gle is seen to advantage, as well as the splendid carving of stone work, consisting of most chaste and appropriate decorations. In order to make the whole complete the principal entrance from the Strand has been closed for some time for the purpose of having the roadway laid with the Seyssel Company's asphalto in the same way as adopted at the gateways of the Horse Guards, Gray's-inn, and Fornivars-inn. Dwarf granite posts have also been placed at the side of the carriage way of the principal entrance to protect the base of the archway from injury. In order to obviate the inconvenience which might otherwise arise to busi ness from closing the principal entrance, the various ve hicles are, by order of the authorities, permitted to pass through the King's College gateway to the quadrangle. The back part of the range of houses between Waterloo bridge and the new avenue in Wellington-street are be ing rapidly demolished by a large number of workmen, for the purpose of constructing a front to accord with the recent erections. ANECDOTE OF THE FRENCH EMPEROR.—AbOUL this time last year a man named Louberts, ex-chef of a princi pal restaurant in the Palais Royal, discovered a means of preserving meat, so as to give it fresh at the end of any number of years. I believe him to have beenthe first. Since then three orfour have found out somethinganalogo us, and are putting it largely in practice. This man left his place, and applied to some capitalists to help him in forming a company for the working of his discovery. Their proposals were so selfish, and offered him (the discoverer) so little advantage, that he gave the whole thing up, having only obtained, through some private protection, to be al lowed to furnish some preserved articles for the Baltic fleet. As a last chance, however, he wrote to the Em peror, recounting the whole. No answer came, and, at the end of four or five months, he left Paris.for his na tive village, in Berry, despairing of ever succeeding with his plan. In April last came, one morning, a telegraphic despatch. calling this man to the Tuileries as fast as pos sible. He went, and was next morning in Napoleon's cabinet. "I have inquired into the whole," said the Emperor; "your meats sent to the Baltic succeeded com pletely; but that is a partial essay. The really important thing would be to bear upon the prices of meat at home. You ought to go to South America, and from thence send home ship loads of meat, whole beasts preserved. We should then see what your method is worth." " I quite agree to that, but I have not a penny t o d o it with," was the reply. The Emperor took some notes out of a drawer. " There," said he, "are 50,000 f. (2,0001.); go. and if your plan succeeds Iwill take care of your future fortunes." The man sailed for America; he is now at BuenosAyres, and a person of my acquaintance has read a letter from him dated thence, and expressing the best possible hopes of his enterprise.—Manchester Guardian. INTERESTING EXPERIMENTS.—SOMC very interesting experiments took place yesterday on and near the Seine with different diving apparatus, life-boats, fire-engines, grappling-irons for saving lives from shipwrecks, &c. The following is an account of the proceedings :—" At noon precisely, Prince Napoleon arrived at the place appointed for the experiments, accompanied by a num ber of the members of the International Jury, officers of the navy and artillery, and several of the high function aries from the departments of War and Marine. The ex , periments commenced with the life-boats. A boat invented by M. Berthon, which cannot be upset, another in wire woven canvas, and a third in caoutchouc were tried with perfect success. The lastenamed boat was inflated, launched and manned by three lusty rowera in five minutes. Five diving apparatus had been inscribed for exhi bition, but only four, two French and two English, were tried. All these apparatus are constructed in nearly the same manner, being composed of a waterproof dress, terminated at the upper part by a cuirass in metal, to which, when on the body of the diver, is screwed a helmet of the same metal, having affixed to it the tube for giving air, the supply of which is kept up by means of an air-pump, and a cock for letting off the breath of the diver. One of the principal improvements made in the apparatus tried yesterday, was that the diver can of Lis own free will come to the surface by rernoving part of the weight which keeps him under water. The four divers descended at the same time. One of them remained under water 40 minutes consecutively, and the others a somewhat shorter period of time, picking up during the immersion several pieces of metal which had been thrown down. The aara tus for throwing the grappling irons were placed at pp th e e ntrance of the Champs de-Mars. The first apparatus, that of M. Tremblay, and which is very similar to that used for throw ing Congreve rockets, impelled the grapple to a distance of 300 yards ; the apparatus of M. Del vigue, consisting of a projectile fired from a small mor tar, carried the grapple about the same distance, but with a smaller line. The time taken to throw the grapple was only 12 seconds. A number of fire-engines were also tried and worked very satisfactorily, 11,57IN,ERALOGY.-KING'S • COLLEGF, lV London —Prof esior TENNANT, will commence a COLTISE of LECTURES 'on IMENEE i.t OGY. witll'a view to f:cili taie the s'udy of Geology, and of the arrilicitjon of:Mlneral i,t.la st4nce in - the A rts. The Lectures w;11 be I lus rwed Ur an c:Vensve collection of specimens, and will tegin on if ,Y, ct her :),11, it Ntne o'clock a.m, hey will be Continued on each succeeding Wed-. nesdny and Friday, at the same hour • E. W. JELF, D.D , Principal. OYAL OTLEMORNE. PiJ Adm!ssTon. 1 he present week wilt be intuked by MILITARY FETES Which the Putlie are solicited to sun;ort, as they are intended to compliment the Past, the Present, and the Future Defenders of our Country. In vi§ntions having bee, given to the Chelsea Pensioners, the whole of ihe Soldiers in London, th, Sailor Boys front Greenwich. and the Soldier Bevy of the Duke of 'York's School, to join in celebrating the late Victories which are an well depleted at Cremorne, anti which premises to be a Metropoltan Reanion worthy of the great events it is intended to cclebrAt:?. RGYLL ROOMS.—LAURENT'S CASINO 7.4 NOW orEs for the winter season. The following lrtssie will he nerfonnei by his celebrated Band during he w,,,k March aux Flambeaux. \Venue —The Lily if the Valley (D'Albert), Zephir Lufte (Oung'l), Fenella (Tinney), Ethel NeWcoine.(Laurent), La Sultane (iiosisio). Quadrilles—Le Rol du Pastel (Lamotte), Les flugenots (Laurent), Palermo ( ben), Bride of Lammermoor (Tinney), 11 Trovatore (Tutton). Polkas—Des Bulands (Lamotte), Ttalle (flavIolb), The Lillian (D'Al hen), Des Concous (Bon , quet), The Zoneyes (f.aareitt). Galops— The Tmi,crird (Ineras (Laurent), The Bede (Sfreather). Schottische —La Go!rlande de Fleurs (Bo;onet), La Vargoviana (Laurent). Prin cipal Cornet a Piston, M. Boulcoura.—Doors open at S. Admission One Shilling. EADING SAUCE, for Fish, Game, Gravies, . Bashes, Stakes, &c.—JOHN and CITAItr,ES COCKS, the Sole Proprietors Mannfacturers of the celebrated READING SAUCE, bea to CAUTTON the Public st,ain3t the daily frauds prac- Heel by many persons; who are o'lerina their spurious imitations as the genuine Reading Sauce. This sauce is patronised and recom mended by moat !ninnies in the kingdom, and for general use it stands unrivalled. It is sold by all respectable Fish Sauce Venders. Be particular in caking for "Cocks' Eealln 4; Sauce," which is pre. pared ONLY by John and Charles Cocks, at their 3fanufactory,Duke street, Reading. All others aro counterfeits. Observe the mune, .t$J. and 0. Cocas, Reading," on the seal and label of each bottle : without this none are genuine. /I R. HOWARD, Surgeon-Dentist, 52, Fleet street, has introluced an' entirely new description of ARTI 1-11,IAL TEETH, fixed Without springs, wires, or ligatures. They so ;erfeetly resemble the natural teeth as not to be distinguished from he original br the closest observer; they will never change colour or decay, and will be found very superior to any teeth ever before used. This method does not require the extraction of routs, or any painful i ,, eration, and will support and preserve t‘hdit that are loose, and is 4fierenteed to re , - tore articulation and' mastivii•m. Decayed teeth rendered sound and useful in mastication.,-52,Meet-street. • At , :eme from ten till five. PATENT SELF-ADJUSTING TE SE S. SALMON, ODY, and CO. most respectfully inform the Public, that their. PATENT SELF-ADJUSTING TRUSSES chord more ease and security for the rc!i f of .HERNIA. than any other instrument for the purpose. They will answer for right or left aide, requiring no under-strap or any gal'ing Bandage. Persons in the country are requested to send the circumference of the body one inch helow'the hips. °sum:l.—As 5 any mereenary.druggists are vending an inferior article, purchasers are requested to ebierve, that SALMON, CDT, and (70., 292, Strand, LondoP, is marked upon the Leather Case. Sold by one or more Drunists in every City and Principal Town in the United Kingdom.' IN THE HIGH COURT OF CHANCERY. TRLESEMAR.—On the 29th of May, 1855, an injunction was granted by the High Court of Chancery, and on the 11th June following was made perpetual, against Joseph Franklin and others, to restrain them, tinder a penalty of one thou ,and pounds, from imitating this Medicine, which is protected by Royal Letters Patent 01 England, and secured by the Seals of the Ecoie de diarmacie de Paris, and the Imperial College of Medicine, Vienna. TRIESEMAR, No. 1, remncty for Relaxation. SpermatOrrhera. r.nd Exhaustion or thi: y. - Atetn, whether arising from excesses, accident, or climate. To those persons who are prevented entering the married state by the conzequences of early •>rrors it is invaluable. iRIESEMAR, No. 2, Ifiectually, in the short space of three days, completely and entire]; stadicates all traces of thosa Disorders nhich Capivi and Cubehs lave so long been thought an antidote for, to the rain of the health )' a vast portion of the population. ' TRIESEMAR, No. 3, is the great Continental Remedy for that class of Dizorders, whteb , tn r ortnnately the English physician treats with Mercury, to the in• evitable destruction of the patient's constitution, and which all the sarsaparilla in the world cannot remove. TRIESEMdit,No. 1,2, and 3, are alike devoid of taste or smell, and of all nanseatlng qualitiu. They may lie on the toilet ta;2l. without Hier use beint; suspected. Sold in tin cases at lie. each, free by post, 2s. extra, divided into separate doses, as administered by Valpesu, Lailemand, Roux. Ue.,Br.c.—To be had Wholesale and Retail In London of John stnn, 68, Cornhill; Hannay and Co:, 63, Orford-strcvt; and Ranger, 1'.6, Ox ford-street ;R. H. Incham, drugcist, 46, arket-street, Manchester ; H. Bradbury, bookseller. Deansgate, Boiton ; 7. Priestly, chemist, 4, - 9, Lord-street, Liverpool ; Powell, bookseller, 15, Westmoreland-street, ltabiin; Winnali, bookseller, High-street, Birmingham. THE SECRET INFIRMITIES OF TOUT!! AND !EATURITY, Ind published, price 2.5., illustrated with cases; free by post fo; 26 stamps, NERVOUS DEBILITY; Its Causes, Symptoms. and Core.—An Essay on Spar natorrlicca, with Practical Observations on a safer and more , nacesstul mode of : treatment of the diseases of the Generative lystem, obtsined by the use of the Microscope in detecting and listimzulthing, by urinary examination, the real cause and effect of ery variety of complaint, whether arising from solitary habits, - seesscs, accident, or climatc, followed by practical rern,rirs, fpunded in twenty years' experience in the treatment of Impuissance, *emus Debility, Local rveaime l s, riperrnetorrhoia, &c. To 'which - ,re added, Commentaries on the Physiology of Marriage, with pre mutionary hints on the evils emanating from empirical yrr.etice, ind on the dangerous remedies advocated by various writers on these important disorders. By MAMITEL XA'MEET, 57, BEDFORD-SQUARE, LONDON, octor of Med.-bac. Matrierdated Member of the. University of Edin urgh, Honorary Member of the London Hospital Medical. Society, r.,icenti ate of Apethocarlea' Hall, London, Le., &c. The essential object of this treatise is to point out the fearful con sr:quences resulting from certain habits, Irregularities, and excesses, villa Lave produced Mere misery in Youth, deTradation in Man ed,and premature decay at all stages of Vie., than, perhaps, any .;thor class of disease known to modern pathologists. Its perusal is sartivularly recommended to persons entertaining secret doubts of their physical condition, and who are conscious of having hazarded the health, happiness, and privileges to which every Denman being is entitled: It is absolutely necessary that all men sbouid Imo's', that there are lanciples of personal management which cannot be violatcd svt:hont ,neurring grlpvous penalties, emit when wisdom and regret succeed t:•o heyday of inconsiderate self-indulgence, how these penalties nay be mitigated, her: the eting of their bitterness may be removed, Ind how tke evil and its consequences maybe avoided, and above all, I! at there IE scarcely any degree of physical infirmity or functional larangement to which the timely aid of sclencetaanot apply a cure. the Author has for a series of years been engaged in an extensive ractice .tho treatment 01 those delicate complaints, which have I , fortunate!y been too generally confided to the care of ignorant etwirics, who , ndict great injury on those who are induced to place . faith in their pretensions. NERVOUS DEBILITY. may be had, price 29, of Messrs. Sher wood and Co., 23, Paternostor-rosr; Hannay, 63, Oxford-street; Thrse, 19, Leicester-square.; Neon, 39, Cornifill; 'or free by post for an , itanapS to any address from the Author's're4ldanee, 37, Bed ford :liar° • . At home for consultation daily from eleven till two, and from six till eight. .BANK OP ENGL4ND. OCTOBER 1, 1855.• The Governor and Company of the Bank of England hereby give notice, that they have established a branch of the banking department of the Bank of. England at Uxbridge-house, Burlington•gardeas, and which is row open far business. Banking business in its ordinary branches is transacted. Private and commercial accounts n i ls k ent—purchases and sales of stock effected—post ! b ra i 'suecl—money transmitted to / any of the counts depsited by n o c !'eg of th e bank—and plate and securities may be parties keeping accounts. P LIOYAL LlTlCcri„Tri serien __.- rigS7ITIITION.—Last evening the first of a b 5,1 dramatic readings was given at this institution play was Mr. Sherid an Mr. Adol p hus Francis. The tragedy " Virginius.” g r nowlea's popular and classic tions for a successful ~ reai i Francis has many qualifica and flexible voice, and no ire': He has a very pleasing matic impersonation and indivin d aid e rable power of dra out with admirable effect the severe dignity but real in tensity of feeling of the Inman father ;. and the tender but composed purity of t he Roman ' rough plebeian sturdiness of the centnrirognins:i while the ccius Den tatus, and the supercilions patrician hauteur of the de cemvir Appius Claudius, were both developed withade quate dramatic effect. It is the best praise we can mas terly to the reading to say, that it was best in the more scenes of the peet—in the\ well-known portrait scene, and in that fine delineation of the madness of Vir ginias which closes the tragedy. Where the main, fea tures were so good, we are not inclined to criticise minute faults. ::•!r. Franeig has., uo ,!teit, scit:ne faults to conquer and come &Lets to awend, but he has, we think, the powers requhite to attain a very prominent ) position in the branch of dramatic art to which he has 1 eevoted himself. ---- 11 --, , -,, 11 c ,---, , ,c'' \'~:'v:':'s.,~. _ Itt r4s. • _ - Le; . { 4 A... 1 LONDOlki'4l . , TU SDAI . Y "\ -7-7 PNI TNT , '" C T BEit 2 18,5 5.; '.... 9 • ---.---- 7 ---------- ..-t-7 .. -f-- " -oZ .°° ::-- C) - ic.-- - ,%171---e-ee- , , ( ............. /-' p . ti A... , , ..:.. _ .. . . 4 1 • - - • .. _ ...* ......-- . . . ...„,......„............... , ~-,' i_ . , .... •-• . . _ l A.. i i , . ;. !, ( 1 . . ' I .. ..: t , ' ' I . '`,..t.4 , :* . , ... ~ . - . ~ i ! ,..Ai l l / . Ne? '...t, ~i .-,' 0. ( './It A :' - ' i - all -----.., 1 • 4 44 ~,, '';;;;• , •', 2 ' . Cik. \ A .. . . - ,-. , , -... ''4 ,/, J., '''' o'4. 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Wirat can I pen to interest your readers, seeing that for these -..ten days I have been in bed But canvass walls ha\ . ra ears; and a reliable- rumour has reached thine that no i whonsiderable force is under orders to take the Add., in : i fe (1 . 2..yi:, The Highlanders form par:. of the fires', an d talie My ,word for it you will speedily hear of glorious ix ewF. •The . otlier' morning, when the Russians bolted fr. na the Redan, Robert Maeready,of Edinburgh, the big '.diummer" of the 42d, chased three Russian bandsme. cs,, captured and drank their rahi, and also brought off their biggest drum as a prize, which is at this mom eidt the regimental drum of the Royal 42d, and played by I himself. - In tilt; r iar of theßedan a train of powder was found leading t. ► a tower, before the• door of which, and across the train, sat a little doll.; accustomed, perhaps, to greet its inaste r at • that spot when returning from .duty. " Save tt iet dog r cried a 'GhardSman, and the train was kicked . at i'de by atdozen f,:et, and the animal taken up and broul Tit to the .camp. The Rt isianEi had piltd arms and were. at dinner whoa the Frew sit,- about 12 o'clock on Saturday week, made an uuexp ?cited rush;upon the 4ala'ihoff, and they actu ally got i a with a loss of ten wounded from the first Russian , v4l .Hey. t ; ( Fr 0.02, the Correspondent of the Morning Post.) CAMP BEFORE SEBASTOPOL, SEPT. 15. The her ,c'-quarters 92d Highlanders disembarked this morning AA Balaklava, and marched to Samara, to join the High , land Di, , yion. Nothing could be finer than tte appea 'ranee of tics men, and one could only regret that they had not before formed a portion of the Crimean army. Ls the hand played through the town the scene • was mosti enlivening, and some remarks made by other • sak;r4 . rtrry 'amu.ing—such CS, "1 say, -BM; they're come jmir. as we're thinking of going away ;" however, if report . a . p , Jaka truly, th ere i s some wor k at h and for them. .9. large force of French and. Sardinians have marched is the direction of Mackenzie's Farm, and it is said the Etighland DiVision is to join it: Large fatigue pal Lies aro busily em_ployed repairing the - Woronzoff-road between the camps 'and Sebastopol, which looks as if we were ni it going to give up pre.umt occupation. THE NAVAL BRIGADE. Now i that the " blood-stained ruins" of South Sebas topol have fallen into the hands of the allies there is no longer ally oceupatiun for " Poor Jack," and we hear that she .rengains of this gallant party, the life and soul of the siege in its early days, is to be broken up, and sent to th eir respective ships—Queen, London, Albion, Rodney, Leander, Diamond, Wasp, Niger, &c. The noble and unyielding sprit which animated and supported this, gallant band, from October, 1854, to September, 1855, amid all the horrors of a Crimean winter, when encamped on the heights under canvas, while hundreds and thousands of the sister service were swe pt away by the affects of climate, famine, and dis ease, is something re.markable, and is now matter of history. They were ever ready to fight, forage, or frolic, and we sincerely hope, in the winding-up of affairs, that 'with .whatever department it may rest, whe ther that of the Minister of War or the Board of Admi ralty, the services and merits of this heroic band, from the highest to the lowest grade, may be met with sensi ble acknowledgments. We are sure the House of Com mons will not grudge th 3 means to reward those who Dave gone out of their way to fight their country's battles. We do not want to see the sight over again, and we are old ono ugh to remember it, that at the peace of 1815 our I streets were filled with disabled seamen, singing— " Oh, protect the hardy tar, Be mindful of his merit, And when again your plunged in war He'll show his daring spirit." We would venture to suggest to those in authority to grant to all officers and petty officers of the brigade, eli gible and qualified, a step in rank. Make such of the seamen as are fit petty officers, to the remainder give time and gra,,'.uity—and to all and each of every grade a medal or a bar to the Crinitean Medal, with the inscrip tion "Naval lasrigade," "Sebastopol." In the distribotion of honours we conclude the com manding officer, Captain the Hon. Harry Keppel (than whom her Majesty may have a better, but certainly not a more devoted or dashing officer), will receive a decora tion similar to that of his predecessor, Sir Stephen Lushington, and such of the captains as are not already so will be rewarded with the third clasp of the Bath. Lastly, we should hope that the widows and orphans of the poor fellows who have fallen may meet with's fair share of attention with such naval and other charities, to which, in common with others, they may have a legal claim. COLONEL Wa VDHAM AND THE REDAN. It is known only to a few of the friends of this gal lant officer who have survived the Crimean campaign, flank m ovemen t o f th e army that when the celebrate was made on Balaklava Colonel Windham on that oc casion was the bearer of the t;espatch to the naval corn inander•in-chief (Admiral Dulajas) requesting the co operation of the fleet, and that ha Atterwar( 7 B proceeded with the order from Admiral Dundaa to Sir Edmund Lyons, directing him to take the Agamemnon round to Balaklava, and was on board at the time when the gal lant young nay.l officer made his appearance with a mes sage to the same effect, and for which ftc received his promotion. Colonel Windham was the man on that oc casion, as he was at the Redan, and as he has now won for himself an imperishable fame, it is but fair the pub lic should know this fact, as he .raay proudly look for ward to the day when the deeds of the past may meet with the deserved rewards which a grateful country knows so well how to bestow upon those of her sons who have in the hour of trial stood in " the imminent nod deadly breach." Constantinople papers of the 20th contain long letters from the Crimea, with details of the capture of Sebastopol. Some of these are interesting. " We thank. God," says one of the writers, " For having allowed us to fail in our attempt ag. - Linst the Centre Bastion. .fiad we taken it 20,000 men would have established themselves there, pending the capitulation of the town or the retreat of the Russians. Well, according to every probability, not one of them would have escaped, and to the inevitable loss suffered in the battle would have been added the still far greater grief of beholding our heroic soldiers buried in the craters of innumerable mines. . . . . The Russians were taken by surprise by our attack. Some of the officers have told us that they nu longer ex pected us on that day ; they thought the assault would be given 09,r1y in the morning. The enemy's troops had just dined when ours assailed them. A sad dessert ! I saw on the morrow in the Malakhoff, bowls, wooden spoons, and pieces of bread strewn by the side of these unfortunates, who had not even finished their last meal. Each loaf was cut into little square pieces the size of dice. I send you one as a specimen." Another letter gives the following sketch of the attack on the Redan : "At the moment that the French swarmed into the Malakhoff the English planted their first ladders on the reverse of the ditch ; but at that same moment a mine exploded on the right, and the alarm it caused was such that General Windham's column remained for an instant as if paralysed. This brave officer jumped alone into the Redan, and remained there (s' y promcna ), eabre in hand, calling to his troops ; he was followed by his staff, then by his soldiers, and a furious melee ensued. On the other line of attack the regiments had passed the coon terscarps and the chevaux-de-frise, the ladders were placed, and Major Welsford, of the 27th, first mounted to the assault. But he had not raised his head above the parapet when a Russian officer discharged a gun, which threw the brave Major headless into the ditch. A sergeant who followed hard upon the heels of Major Welsford ieaped upon the parapet and put his sword (bayonet ?) to the breast of the Russian officer, who ex claimed in good English, 'lyield myself prisoner.' He was seized and led away. The 30th and 41st Regiments mount ed to the assault almost at the same moment, in spite of an infernal fire ; but the struggle was out of all pro portion ; five explosions successively took place under the very feet of the occupants, who were swept away by volcanoes contrived in the ground ; in the ditch the other regiments awaited a favourable moment. Then from top to bottom of the Redan a terrible combat en sued, and lasted until the moment when,, unable to hold out any longer, the assailants were obliged to retreat upon their places dames." We extract the following from the late st Gener a l Orders : . ----- • by H ea d-quarters, Sebastopol, Sept. 1. ° ... In coniequenco of the difficulty experienced e Pay master,, when it is found impracticable to procure the proper returns, in charging against the soldiers proceed ing from Scutari to Balaklavathe stoppages for rations whilst on board s hi p , the Secretaryat War approves of th e arrangement th at ea ch soldier sh :all be charged with s hip rations from the period of being settled with on embarkation at Scutari to the qualification—that, in date of rejoining the regi ment in the Crimea, with this cases where the dates o f e f r mL, , arking and disembarking ar e doubtful, the stoppage m eucement or to r o one day, either au t the eco termination of the voyag e, re mitted to the s o ldi er. may be Colonel Shewell, C.II Sth Hussars, will assume com mand of th e Hussar Brigade, in succession to Brigadier- General P ar lb y, who has gone on leave of absence on medical certificate. September 17. The service for which the naval brigade was attached to this army having been completed by the fall of Sebas topol the force has been ordered to rejoin the fleet. The Commander of the Forces heartily thanks the officers, petty officers, and seamen for the very efficient services they have rendered in the batteries, and on all occasions when their aid against the enemy was required ; and he has . to notice the patience and couraze with which, side 14 side with the soldiers of this army, they have endured the dangers and hardships of nearly a year's duty in the trenches. General Simpson cordially acknowledges the obligations he is under to Rear-dldwiral Sir Steplaeu !v ; Z -- a , ,i _I , . '24".P.'•!TN ' \ 7.4-iihin:,to», N.C.8., who so ably cornmalvicd_ S: . ' iv ' , '...4.- 1 o' , Sai. • 1;•.,.-10 Trini' its Icrinatou until hi= r,, , m(7,1 by p to a higher rink; and to Captain the Hen. H. ,IC: , ....-: . , -l i f t.N who succeeded him, and mtained the ctxiia - lffe f ' .) 1..,,,, .,"...,4tf atil the cor.c:usion of this ever-memorable siege. \:- - :.' 1 4., 7.:!,,"P. , ,:E4 - ... Captain Crealock, 90th iZeftiment, is appointed to-thINI i '37, raff of tlai•A ;.rrny, and will act as Deptity-Assista.lt Ad- 1 1 atnet-Genera:, or Deputy Assistant Quattermaster-Ge• oral, as 1418 servicea may be reluired, until her Majes fs pleasure is known. He will be attached to head vuarterd. Leave of abrencd is grar,tsd at recommendation of niedical hoards tl Lieut.-Colonellftxwell, C 1.8., 88th. li!egiment. The following graphic letter, says the Cork Eca 'tiller, is from a private of the 88th, a nativ'o of 'orb, and the son of one of the oldest and bravest 1 the Peninsular officers now living : "Camp before Sebastopol, Sept. 9, 1855. "My dearest Father,—Through the mercy of Ged I aro been me of the few that retu r n e d safe after the readrul cal nage of yesterday. We marched down yes relay at about seven o'clock in the morning • the French 'ere to s t orm the Malakhcff and the light ' division the ',Klan. I think it was about eleven o'clock when the rench attacked in beautiful style. They advanced in emsands, the tricolour waving before them—almost ithout a shot the Russians fled, and the flag of France oated proudly over the battlements of the Malakhoff. fur fellows then advanced, the 97th, I think ; and two tilers, the 19th and ours, were the supports. Wo saw Our fellows advance beautifully up to the Redan, and we ilmost thought we would have nothing to do, but while vte Saw them still struggling we got the order to advance. We doubled up through the trenches until we got to the aiivancsKl one, right opposite the Redan. We leaped tlt , e parapet there, and we had a clear ruq of abo u t two I cdred yards from that to ehere the fellows were climb ilg up the aides of the Redan. If I were to live f or a ousand ye;srs .1 shall never forget that run with grape fixed ' yonets. We were decimated with and canister fore we wire half way across. I den':, know how I ,caped. Then when we got up there was a deep ditch dug all round the Redan. We crept down the ladders at one side and up at the olers, and here's where the grand leistake was made. The first regiment that got up, instead of jensp;ng over the gabions and running in through the embrasures, stepped outside, so that when we got up the :.elders we w, re all rube(' together, 710 one to lead us . When I looked rourd there were only two or three of rey own corps near me. When the Russians fled from t i re Malakhoff they ran into the Bolan, and th ere t h ey pt up a meet frigatful fire upon us. I never expected come, down off .the parvet Wire ~,iipi ~ e ep :were I f link round nee like the leaves larX - ntrimnl'it ei iicl thOugh . they eould'nt advance, they wouldn't retire, so that the 1 tarn age was drew:fa). One officer of the Rifles rushed up the parapet in through an embrasure. There were about six of us followed him. We bad scarcely ad vanced into the mouth of it when the Rifle officer was shot. He tried to get back, but he fell dead down the parapet ; three more of them were knocked down also. I cannot say whether they were killed or not. I got a liox of a stone myself, and fell down stunned in the ems brasuro. I was pulled out by two of our own grata diets. I came to shortly, got a rifle that was lying be side me, and e nnmenced to fire away. I think by this time we had been nearly two or three hours exposed is this a readful manner, when the Russians came in thou sands, and rolled immense stones upon us through the embrasures. A battery in rear opened on us ; they terew hand grenades at us, and the slaughter was ter rific. A panic seized the men ; the word was given to retire, and many, very many, were killed by jumping down into the ditch on the top of their own bayonets. It may look like boasting, but I am sure you will give me credit for not telling you a lie in a case like this. After the rests became general, one officer of the 77'h and I stood almost alone on the ground which we hid held so lone and paid for so dearly. He was crying nut, 4 Shame, • shame l' and I had my forage cap waving on the top of my bayonet, but we might as well hhve tried to stop the falls of Niagara. He turned round end asked me my name. I told him He said he would recommend me to my colonel. Po ,- T follow, he had scarcely spoken when a shower of rifle-bullets fled past us, and he fell down into the ditch., "Tis near in 7.7 time to hook it,' cried I to myself, awl once again I crossed that field unhurt, though men were falling all round in sections. The Highlanders were sent v; re'ieve us during the night. The Russians evacuated: the Redar, and there were continual explosions during the night, but we are now in full possession of the south side of Sebastopol. Whether they will show as good a fight on the north side I cannot say. No matter what the papers say, the men did their duty. They cannot do impossibilities, sending hundreds instead of thousands to attack a place like the Redan. I can fancy the state you most all be in. and how eagerly you looked over the long. long list of killed and wounded. I hope my name didn't get down in a mistake. It was melancholy to see our regiment on parade this morning—nearly all killed or wounded. Give my love to mamma and all friends. Under the heading of "First impressions on reading the intelligence of the abandonment of the south side of Sebastopol," the 11 orthern Bee con tains an interesting article, which, though not wear ing an official character, deserves attention. The author first gives a resume of the progress of the siege, and then goes on to develops the causes which led to the fall of the place. The following is the concluding passage : Oronstadt has been demonstrated to be impregnable, Sweaborg withstood successfully a long and severe bom bardment, and Sebastopol held eut a whole year. Noither of the two countries can say—" I have con quered Russia and taken her fortress," for with their united forces clmbined they were but just able to take it. Besides, the enemy had many advantages on their side ; for whilst Russia was attacked at her most dis tant frontier, and every pound of bread, every bullet, each piece of meat and drop of brandy had to be sent by land hundreds, and in manyinsta nces th ousan d s, of mile; through uninhabited steppes and difficult mountain gorges, the enemy were enabled to land any given quan. tity of stores on any particular point by means of their nu merous fleets. In the enemy's camp the intelligence of all Europe was concentrated, whilst in Russia it has existed scarcely fifty years. Notwithstanding all these disadvantages Russia bravely withstood the attack, and her heroes have covered themselves with glory. We have abandoned only a heap of ruins, for Sebastopal no longer exists. The -whole affair is reduced to this, that the enemy have gained possession of about 50 square wersts of land where some naval establishments and part of our fle - ets were stationed. But with the south side of Sebasto pol the enemy have not conquered Russia. This country has withstood more dangerous shocks, and seen more dangerous times. We have seen Russia overrun by French, Mongolians, Swedes, cad hordes of other na tionalities, and yet we have succeeded in repelling every invader. The fall of Sebastopol is certainly a national calamity ; but it is sent by God as a judgment, to punish us for forgetting the Divine precepts in our endeavours to attempt the introduction of what the enemy call civi lisation. From the above it is evident how deeply the loss of Sebastopol must be felt in Russia ; notwithstand ing the attempt to represent it as a circumstance of no importance, and which can have no possible in fluence on. the progress of the war. RAILWAYS IN TURKEY. The following aro the "fundamental conditions laid down by the Government of his Imperial Majesty the Sultan for the establishment of rail ways in the Ottoman empire" " 1. The Imperial Government decrees the establish ment of a line of railway from Constantinople to Bel grade. "2. To this end the Imperial Government has re solved to address itself directly to the experience and capital of Europe. " 3. The construction and working of this line s h a ll be conceded to the company that shall make the most advantageous offers and present the best guarantees. "4. A period of six months, dating from the Ist of October, 1855, is fixed, until the expiratio n o f w hi ch all ' offers shall be received , either directly at the Foreign. office at Constantinople, or in Europe through the em bassies and legations of the Sublime Porte. .5 . During this period of six months all possible facilities shall be afforded to companies desiring to tender for this line, in order that they may procure the necessary information and make the studies they may desire. 6. Upon the first Monday in the month of April, 1856, shall bak e place tho opening of the tenders that shall have been sent in, and the concession to that com pany which shall have made thynost advantageous offers and presented the best guarantees. This shall take place at Constantinople, at the Sublime Porte, before the High Council of the anzimat, and in presence of ,the authorized agents of the companies tendering. 7. The concession shall be in virtue of a decision with motives assigned (docitiois motives) of the High Council of the Tanzimat, which shall be published and afterwards confirmed by an Imperial decree. " 8. The company is to be constituted and can exist only under the name and title of Imperial Ottoman Company.' "9. The shareholders may be subjects of the Sublime Porte or foreigners, without distinction. " 10. The construction as well as the direction of the working of this line shall always be under the high su perintendence (sun:ll/awe) of the Sublime Porte. " 11. The comr.any shall always be subject to the generai laws of the empire. " 12. The wood required for the construction of the railway, stations, &c., shall be supplied exclusively by the forests of the Crown, on conditions mutually agre e to between the Imperial Government and the company obtaining the concession. " 13. The Imperial Government will concede the land upon which the line of ra ilwa y is to be made, and the ri g ht of property t he land shall alw ays remain in the Imperial Government. " 14. The coat mines that may be found in the vici nity of the course of this line shall be granted to the company obtaining t he concession, upon terms to be Imperial Government and th e cnogrnrepeadnuyp.on between the . jss The companies making tenders are to furnish a security (cautionmenzent) in the manner usual in similar cases in other European countries." Those conditions have just been transmitted to the various Turkish Embassies and Legations throughout Europe. PRINOLI MENSCHIKOFF A MONK.—The Petrie oftztf g that a private letter received by a Russian fam il Y' : Paris announc e s that P r i nce M ensc hikoff has bee _ orn co , a monk. H e h as enro ll e d hi ms elf, it is Raid , i n a Au naitery near Moscow.