The Sun. — London, England, 1855-08-28 00:00:00

4 0NE y n A RKET C°3IIIERCIALAND INT ELLIOEN OE. CITY, Two o'CLocK. The Cot, tl ow Atoll Market at Liverpool yesterday krr a l y fir mly, and last Friday's quotations were b lie6 a aintained. Th e sa l es amoun t e d to 7,000 111 1. ' l26° of Which were t a k en o n speculation or y '%ed, wit - P e rt). The Railway Share Market a ttel h less spirit, and in some instances prices T he Ter. l e ,: ira. 6 l: , ort of the tallow trade, as furnished by Pita of and Charles, alludes both to the ie rh the market in Russia and in France :- 4 1 14 ). from St. Petersburg are to the 6th Ported 36 5-16 to 7-16. There is no new business kka of tail these l e t ters, b ut i n the wee k a b out 3 , 500 1 14 Li e "w bad been taken on the spot and for deli- L ZOFtt„, "Pool, 110 to 112 r. The quotations for all ;',llO _ere 110 i to 111 ; market quiet ; carriage, 112 ; 1 4 91 4el i ji The quantity of tallow despatched was 1 1 ,,, 111 't 12 ;,r° ,l l St Petersburg, 2,800 from the interior, NUOr 7 from St. Petersburglast year, and 12 to 4 1) r°4l VI • • Or g e interior. The present price of St. Pe ,Nta.dt equivalent to 33/. per ton free on board at '41 4 , 1 , the carriage from St. Petersburg to London ) I he' c i t . hr°l3 gh Prussia,' is estimated at 201. per ton. ttilar g ,: ir nabd for tallow on the spot last week was the ti especially for exportation.' It is understood in cre rel lell Government contemplate the imposition l iSt g , 4B . e of 10 ,, . on the iiiipert duty on tallow in ThiyB.`lon of the Chambers, in October or Novem beith 1 % no doubt, inducing a larger demand for 11..4ta the present necessities of the trade require ; i - o tt P e t i, tirn e our 'information still leads us to the le q „° 4 t the French manufacturers must consume ,toe i7 n titY of foreign tallow this year." t otici e , Lte r , the overland mail are expected L lk)11 11 e °II Thursday, and there will be Mel itt - ' , ate tth a „ 8 of June 19, or nearly three weeks j 14 4 4 t hose already to hand. it tlt oo ° eV Market is much easier, and it is un- to 4 d th at the greater portion of the Turkish j afro "Lt is already remitted. The bullion ar tf t t r i l l America are expected to increase, and e amount received thence and from k il k o f b Y e sterday will probably be sent into the kev,, ' - ‘ngland, as the bankers are "full of tit t the discount houses find themselves ;t l e 43k ° do bills on decidedly lower terms than ter, . 41 a Week or ten days since. Speculation ter, and this increases the supply, as a T he 11Pe114ed here for of the Turkmil ish i dry suppli oan, it is now said, will es. question of the Bank of England Charter tz . 44 r eefed much atte ition of late, but it is ktt i! the time for calling the attention of our .A i ; to the su bj ec t, b ecause a renewa l w ill ao, to be effected. The following remarks ank ere Circular precisely indicate the o p o • i k e it 4 post of that great corporation, about, k Ivest gly w lad. branch, to compete still more th ith the unprivileged establishments fo e , 2 7th clause in the Act of 1844, the time 1 1, 4 Ra k t . ,, i ne trial of this bill was extended to the let ' a B , which has expired. As it is always wise k Ito ta i mportant i , measures at the proper time, it t tlll e t C l ` the attention of those who are interested 1 4 Pt a tk r t !°u (and who is not ?) to the necessity of itithetbutidanveirrofus action. f There wil t l, fidofubtflness, thei tkiiliteratbieof(l° ParlL eu e s n e t s , a or nd to pos r t 'g pon g e all tj t 4 4 , 41 of it until the adherents to the pre• 4 (114 4 Y are fully prepared to secure all that :Ifo tbs k 'sert ec i Now is the time, then, for action. If it t ' h i ive that war constitutes a grave obstacle to a re ia n „ r g e it as one of the most potent of reasons; Nt . t , llo su s ubject that is so minutely connected °f th e of our army as the monetary arrange ouer State. „ While we are called upon to supply Year ° o Gnvern went with 90,000,000/. sterling tit ) tt PY subj ect t ,t° snpply miliions to foreign States, k t i Into th e n ,,'s more important than a rigid in illi,b't4(l? s h - :'ue whence these amounts are to be !CYsouree,-,,v4e as yet only shown an increase in the ;(1 4 9t ei ght - ) .revenue to meet thisenormousdemand ‘11,1 4 4 e tn , '"i°nB ; the great problem, then, for The 'tlis . "e Ain.? -°'" who directs public affairs is, how to alto infinite sources of wealth we have at our i ti n no money value, and to keep the springs of c oUstant motion, for this can only be done ' e ' v g the basis of our monetary credit . ; by per ~pt of branch of trade with an invigorating va tti acti on ; b y giving_ a distributing instead of a (IS atop Power to the money operations of the h e g ab ,_ of England has the supreme authority of 4 1ij k, h tlai - ed it s promises' to pay, though only in -11 4,4 V credit, are, in all the ordinary transactions t I4N °I e equal. to gold and silver by virtue of an stil t% „Ai pt e ,. went. The only competitive . power to es ,re those of the Private and Joint Stock 'iii t kol ik l s tence prior to 1844, that act having care %inor:sl winge Joint Stock Banks, or Private !IPII, to their own notes. This fact being il ki 4 ev, h fait' to presume that the ultimate object tas hof t i ° l l3 assed that act into place the entire note cu.- , t,'"ole ~,e , c°lintry in the hands of theßank of Bugland. a. ee r y tip ON tic d o ubt the correctness of these views, we il 4 Oo tit ', l, e the tenour of the act. During the past 11 of the issues of private and joint 'E`gva,: have been withdrawn from circulation 4 1 1'14 11 3 ‘lsoauRe9 ; for a po . rtion of these the Bank 1/4S. still apt • Pays a composition of one per cent. per ° 1 1 856 this obligation on the part of the . ,otitktNAill edease entirely, and it will enjoy its authority h 46, Y anY demands from the private an joint t i tp ' It becomes, therefore, a matter of the teattl4rttarice to this country to know what use ‘ ," 1 0 4 1 te,1 4 , of this power by the Bank of Wgland, 1' 5 4; a d i '',l l e its notes as a legal tender, without tt '4 4l, i 4- 01% 14 Under no obligation' to replace any j,,,Nll%e te S that may be henceforli withdrawn t lo rt ' Q u• The inquiry is one of such pre eint h,th4tili ti i -tl ee to a great 'commercial country like k , '+l4 . 4ir iaci l- every trading and commercial borough tNt t: ) , r11 Ought to call upon its representatives in b o ,„: Prepar e f or a f u ll a nd satisfactory inquiry I L' l t 4 - 5 4.1 1° .gs of the subject. Hitherto, the Act has Nkllir e sr to ti any such attempt, but now the time 'A t : it; I ," consider it the duty of commercial J 11 14 4 t-8 Rouse to put the question clearly before Nt i ,t4 l,. . ki t i N7 Eirna but still a very dull market for tb . N ci tric 1,7 t ht of I ", and this results mainly from the 174 1 45 1i0 fr j'e dealers and capita'ists, as well as of t c lr e i l l hf er (41 1 tow n . Consols have been 91k b'hoitih,sre i a „lad time. The Exchequer Bills of ' 4 ° B . to 16s. premium, New Threes of a nd Reduced 9l to 92. The An e 18k wyki tst for ei - are 161 to 15-l 6 ths. ol o ig i l bonds have been more dealt in. , 4 s tock has been up to 94, but is now 134 " e !" 1 1) has been in greater request , a 3 l 2i b t Vl 3 per cents. are marked 3c 4 and 1 e t*rred 18g. Portuguese 5 per cents. fed 24 4 been quoted 48i. Mexican have O lth l ttic l a ad Peruvian 82, being firm. Equador at ( , !4 , r enadal9. Venezuela have been more rt ie S to 32. Dutch 21.- per Cents. have '; k 4 ng are the nominal prices of foreign 10% , b ll , 9 i ' rl ada Deferred Bonds, 64 to 71 ; 'llre,; - `i to 211 ; Peruvian, Si to 82 ; 0,1 3 er Per Cents., 58 to 59 ; Portuguese 1 1 1 f h 7t1tR Cents., 43 to 45 ; Russian Five ili s f t i lOO t o 102 ; ditto Four-and-a-to to 1 9: 1118 ., 89 to 91 ; Spanish New Deferred, Natie ditto Three per Cents., 37k to 38 ; Ottf,,kV,: at es , 41 to 41 ; ditto Passive, 41 to 41. a b li a "aY Share Market has been looking up t lt ha ki :e h t: more doing. An improvement ii k t' may be noted in Great Western, lt t ."%t.,"' l ld Yorkshire, Midland, and one or 1, 1 11 4'4 4 e - 4! the principal lines. The Foreign 411 e,4 i !t . l inan Mine are heavy, Oriental Bank 4 lat r e eral Screw Steam scarely so dear, and al ian Land cheaper. p ri . NDs THIS DAY.—CLOSING PRICES. 1 4 ,t k kick f Pram, th, e 09;:eia4 Lute I rt. Business done t:* 4 t p t , (l ets Annuities 92 1 1 28 kL 4 ()' Annuities9l6 t t to a' ll Annuities ` t)tA 'znire sth Jan., 18go -16 Hto/11_4, Expire sth Jan., 1860 3l '4°' - " r s , Expire sth April, 1883 16 15-16 K A Z ........... t. -1 1c. z o -11 e: . 6th . September 916 1 I 26. ................ ...... -13 16 1 7 I 16 t,N,e I 12 ....... ..... ...... 0, N M o 0p e 8. , 1858 ,. `,_3 per Cent 1001 i Zono; “: 11 1EIGN FUNDS Tins DAY. ................. ••5 f • Per (2, 3 _ . Per Cent.l9 p it !ii 4e r: th e A ut. .. tt b t :), e :nnt 2ll ditto 'he Per Cent.... ...... r g ore 82 k4ttt °, , th,cis, 5 Per Cent. Con. 1811 .- 1 Ao' '8 4 .8 tlec uutit " th' 3 Der Cunt t 3, lean 11 , 4: ac count 11 Ac e 's. 5 oe lit Per Cent. ........ 86 h itt t 214 1 „, uit_ .. ..... . befe_r C ent 37i o7iv e "'eel. 3 per Cent. bi t N t sreiti'•••• • hit f or i f , 1 . 4 ,(15, :Lee rt- of Coup. wit fun, 41 0 14 5 ) 4 _ Ce nt ei , ,c eottnt to ? K)11,.) 'D• 4 Per n A Cent. „the s,t4 Per eclat. . . ' '''eetint h, }lo d„' on th e • - ti t 2A „ - -hove in Lon — a.! 2 4 ,Per Cent. ex. 25 fr "%li ge 3 Per Cent. Ex. 25 fr '4 Per Cunt. i 2 tai:. 6 513 tli t B ois for .. ........ THREE 0' CLOVE. .ft • 4 $ vu.. . e e 0 1114"." 9ll A 911 THE Still, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 28. 1855, THE FETE AT VERSAILLES. , The Mon.itear of yesterday gives the following account of the Ate at Versailles " On Saturday night the palace of Louis XIV. recovered, as if by magic, the splendour and life which animated it in its best days. In our epoch we are called upon to behold marvels which would have appeared impassible in she greatest ages and under the most glorious reigns. In a short time, when the éclat of the fetes and the noise of the cheering shall have ceased, and when time has been given to reflect upon the bearing and signifi cation of all that has taken place in this full and brilliant week, the journey and visit of her Ma jesty Queen Victoria to the capital of France will be looked upon as one of those events which appear as a dream until realised. All who witnessed that enthusiastic reception, those manifestations of sin cere cordiality and deep sympathy between Sovereign and Sovereign and nation and nation, will retain a lasting remembrance which they will love to tell in their old age and which marks an epoch in the existence of individuals as well as in the history of nations. _ . " Versailles had donned its festive apparel to welcome the august guests of the Emperor. The grand court-yard of - the Chateau was as light as day ; the imposing and severe profile of this grand and beautiful architecture stood out in lines of fire, and the marble statues which adorn the double grand staircase appeared astonished at all this bustle and movement. " Their Majesties entered by the marble stairs, while the invited guests entered by the Princes' staircase. Waiting and reposing rooms, boudoirs hung with blue damask and filled with beautiful flowers, had been prepared for the Queen of Eng land and Prince Albert in the apartments once occupied by Marie Antoinette. The Emperor and Empress withdrew for a few moments into their private apartments. Their Majesties then crossed the State apartments of Louis XIV., which were magnificently lit up, and the immense fireplaces of which were turned into gardens of flowers or plots of verdure. " The gallery of the mirrors offered a most dazzling coup At the four angles four orches tras have been erected, consisting of 200 artistes, directed by Strauss and Dufresne. Flowers and shrubs concealed the stands of the musicians, and the harmony seemed to proceed from invisible in struments through a bower of dahlias, roses, and other flowers. Garlands hung suspended from the ceiling, and, interlaced with each other, formed the most charming decoration. Thousands of lustres and torches reflected in the mirrors threw streams of light upon the rich garments of the guests, co vered with gold and ornamented with diamonds. " On approaching the windows a more admirable sight presented itself to view. The great sheet of water was enclosed by a series of porches, in the Renaissance style, standing out from the back grcund of the park in coloured wire, and joined together by an emerald trellis-work. In the centre a portal two-thirds larger than the rest, built like a triumphal arch, was surmounted with a double shield, with the arms of France and England. At the two corners to the right and left were two other porticoes, with the initials of their Majesties. Under these brilliant arches the water sprang up in jets and fell back in cascades. The two basins formed one vast sheet of light, upon which golden dolphins, mounted by Cupids, disported, carrying circular torches and Venetian Lghts. " At 10 o'clock the doors of the State apartments were thrown openland their Majesties, followed by the whole Court, entered the Gallery of Mirrors. " The Queen of England leant upon the arm of the Emperor, the Empress upon that of Prince Albert ; the Princess Mathilde upon the arm of the Prince of Bavaria ; the Princess Royal upon the arm of Prince Napoleon. the Crimea." They have truly almost worn out the day ; and this accords with the impression which we had been led to indolge by various signs of stress and ex haustion in the enemy. If this prognostic of the future he cheering, there is in the same brief document an allusion to the past which must move the heart of every reader who can recognise the bold, simple, and generous features of a heroic nature when he sees them It is an extraordinary sentence, if pondered with a recollection of the usual practice of crowned heads—and, above all, in positions similar to that in which Napoleon the Third was placed.at the emer gency to which he adverts. " You know, General, how much it has grieved me to be kept away from that army which has added new lustre to our eagles." The effect which such an address, containing the an nouncements of such hopes, and that soul-stirring allu sion to a past and scarcely-prevented design—the effect, we say, which this letter will produce, when read at parade to each company of the French army before Se bastopol, may be conceived without any commentary on our part. _ " Their Majesties very soon proceeded to the balcony reserved for them, in the apartments of Louis XV., to witness the fireworks on the sheet of water called the Eau des Suisses, the signal for which was given by Count Bacciocchi, First Cham berlain and Superintendent of the Court Displays. 200 guns were fired while the rockets and lights were fizzing through the air, or burst in showers of stars of different colours; and when the cloud of smoke cleared off, and ie towers and battle ments of Windsor Castle appeared on the horizon, a loud burst of applause proceeded from the spec tators. At this moment two orchestras, placed in the orangery, struck up God save the Queen.' " A platform, covered with Gobelins tapestry, had been erected in front of the southern façade ; the guests reached it by vast external staircases at either end, and it allowed them to behold at their ease the immense perspective spread before them. "At half-past ten the Emperor opened the ball with the Queen of England. At eleven the Court proceeded to supper in the theatre. Their Majesties' table was laid in the State box, which commands a view of all the others, li , hich were filled with ladies. Orchestra and pit were turned into a festive hall. On all sides-flowers, light and brilliant toilettes—every where an air of satisfaction, joy, and delight im possible to describe. It was like a glance at fairy ! land. We cannot leave the subject without referring to another peculiarity in the Emperor's note—we mean the genuineness, appositeness, and energy of the style. Nothing in it is factitious—nothing conventional. Neither of these blemishes, indeed, was ever to be found in his uncle's manifestoes, and various other productions, which, according to Lord Brougham, are the model of a new, original, and impetuous kind of eloquence. But they were too flamboyant, too ostentatious, in the manner and the diction ; otherwise, they had been unim provable. They missed perfection, just by the want of that Cresarlike and majestic simplicity which are visible in all the public addresses of his successor. Read this letter of Napoleon the Third's —or, better still, read the manifesto after the re-establishment of the Empire—and then read one of Mr. Gladstone's speaches, or an Ameri can Pre-ident's message. But who reads a President's message all through ? Not so in the case of the brief and vivid productions of the French Sovereign.—Morning Post. " Their Majesties left Versailles amid the warm est emonstrations of enthusiasm. After their de parture the ball was kept up till morning, and during the whole of the nigh t the road was thronged with brilliant equipages conveying back the guests to Paris." THE WAR, ERE CABTNET, AND THE COUNTRY. (From the Dispatch.) At Exeter-hall (region of congenial cant !) a fierce lec ture of recommendation of peace bas been delivered. Mr. George Thompson, as "judicious bottle-holder," sat be bind, to pull the wires, the pacific pugnacity of Quaker ism being rather at a discount. A resolution was moved condemnatory of the war ; an amendment was hoisted on its bask, advocating a vigorous prosecution of the cam paign—the amendment was hitched off and the peace motion carried. The audience was large. The chairman of Mr. Laing's election committee procured from his con stituents a declaration that they condemned his cowardly counsels—on the member presenting himself to his con stituents, they' passed a resolution approving of his Par liamentary conduct, " while reserving their own views on the subject of the war." Now, it is high time electors and audiences of paid peace prosers should be assured this sneaking and grotesque stultification will not do. The war is the one object of real import to the condition and destinies of the nation. In one year we have spent about a hundred millions on its prosecution. Our honour, the lives of hundreds of thousands of our citizens, an enor- mous amount of treasure, and a fearful load of moral re sponsibility, are involved in the issue. " War," observed Mr. Laing himself, " was an enormous evil, and it be hoved every man to know whether the , objects to be gained were sufficient to justify the enormous outlay and effusion of blood. When we are making those sacrifices we ought to have a clear idea of what we are really fighting for, and see how far these objects have been attained." The speech of the member was a truculent diatribe against the war policy—it was applauded by the constituents to the, echo ; and the ceremony (peculiarly Caledonian), of "claw me, claw thee," was wound up with a bold and manful resolution that the community of Kirkwall had their own opinions of the war—that they de clined to say whether• they approved of .:.Ir. Laing's or not —but that, excepting on the only topic of any importance or significancy whatever, about which they held no opi nions, they approved entirely of their member. Why this is like Milner Gibson's joke about the Aberdeen Cabinet, when he observed that except on the subject of politics, they were a united Ministry. We do not want "Exeter Hallery " to agree with us—we do not even particularly desire that we should agree with the hyperborean sagacity of the solan geese of Laing-dom—albeit Wick appears to be burning down to the socket, and going out with a strong stink of Russian tallow ; but what the country, the press, the Ministry, have a right to demand of all constituencies' is, that they shall make up their minds on the one engrossing, exclusive question of the day— that they shall leave their members in no doubt as to their convictions—that they shall not, deliberately and with their eyes 'open, send a man to Parliament, to vote against, intrigue against, turn out a War Ministry, if they themselves are in favour of the war— that it they are in favour of peace, they will not mislead Ministers into the idea that their member does not represent their opinions—and that, above all, they will not commit the execrable folly of thinking it a matter of perfect indifference that, on a point involv ing the very life of the nation, it is of no consequence whether their representative agrees with or differs from them. Nay, we go further, and add, that it is unjust to Austria and cruel to Russia to do so. While they are led to hope that public opinion in England wavers on the subject of the war—that our representative institutions may enable corrupt members to cheat the nation out of its character and opinions—that faction may overrule public opinion to the effect of swindling us into a Peace Ministry, Hapsburgh will continue to bamboozle our treacherous plenipotentiaries, and Romanoff to assail our armies and our fleets. If, on the other hand, the people hold no strong conviction on the subject—if this be not a people's and a nation's quarrel—if in short, they would sooner submit to a paltry truce than part with a jobbing member who prefers railway contracts and Austrian con• cessions to the honour and interests of the country, then let them honestly say so, and make Gladstone Prime Minister. But let no favour of personal friendship, and no consideration of general services, stand betwixt their members and their duty to truth and to the country. The Aroniteur publishes the following :—• " The number of letters addressed to her Majesty the Queen of England during her sojourn at St. Cloud was so great that it. has been impossible to reply, immediately to them all ; but they will be answered hereafter." NAPOLEON'S LETTER TO GENERAL Be just, and fear not. We nought can rue, If England to herself be true. On vital questions members are but delegates—on those of war, foreign nations only know the convictions of the country through tho votes of its members. If these are opposed to those, at whatever sacrifice of feeling or respect, the course of the electors is clear : Cassio, I love thee, But never more be officer of mine. It is no excuse for a representative differing from his con stituents, that the difference is conscientious and earnest. The deeper the source of antipathy the more energetic will be the course of practical antagonism. It is surely not for Mr. Laing, who has wheeled right round after a visit to Vienna and the acceptance of an Austrian concession, to depreciate Lord Palmerston's consistency, or to declare his confidence in Lord John Russell just for his posses sion of those qualities which he has notoriously set at nought ; having, indeed, changed oftener, inure diame trically, more unaccountably. and more recently than any public man except Mr. Laing him-elf. It is, per haps, a work of supererogation to examine the elements 4,1 the Kirkwall speeches. When Mr. Scarth assures us that he and those precious transatlantic Republicans who talk so loudly of being the emancipators of king oppressed peoples, while they are at this moment the close confede rates of Russia, are of opinion that we would "Lave got as much by negotiation as in the end we might get by war, it is enough to answer that no mere negotiation could se cure the ci rcumseri ption of Russian power, the humiliatinn of the aggressive arrogance of the Czar—the demonstra tion, essential to the peace of Europe, that England and France are his masters—the proof to the Russians that the constables, the police, the bearers of the sword of the magi strate in Europe, are too strongforswindlers, pickpockets, Austrian receivers, and Russian burglars. When Mr. Laing, with easy and impudent effrontery, asserts that, efter a single year of warfare, Russia did accept the Four Points in principle, and that the five Plenipoten tiaries agreed to a resolution for the limitation of the Russian power in the Black Sea, he at once furnishes a triumphant justification of the war which he condemns, and advances a proposition which is notoriously false. The German Powers, from the beginning, negotiated only on this principle—" Heads, Russia wins ; tails, the Allies lose." Russia, from the beginning until now, re fused either to reduce her army, dismantle Sebastopol, or diminish its navy, by a single ton or gun. Germany declined to make that refusal a casus belli, while she called on us to make peace with Russia, notwithstand ing her rejection of the conditions presented to her by the plenipotentiaries. Because we will not degrade our quarrel to the pettifogging quirks of a special pleader — because we disdain to recognise the paltriness of a soul which labels and numbers the cause of Europe, of the human race, divides it into eighths like the stock of a share-broker, and talks of " three and a half points" being satisfactorily settled"—because, having been forced into war after measureless provocation and scarcely dignified forbearance, we will not, after an enormous expense in men and money, give up the contest, without any redress or equivalent, whenever a faithless and arrogant enemy, finding we are too many for him, chooses to mock us with the f 4 rm of redress, without any substance of retribution or security—a scandalous traitor to his trust, to the people and to his country, presumes, wish match less effrontery, to arraign this Christian nation with the indulgence of the worst passions, and of incurring the awful responsibility of war for the gratification of the combativeness of our animal nature. So may the thief say when the the hangman peels his back to thrash idle ness and petty larceny out of him ; or the blond-shot eyed parricide when, from the awful bench of public safety, the judge orders him off to the dungeon to be transferred to the gallows. In sorrow, far more than in anger, do we pursue the huge State criminal of Russia to the righteous doom of offenders against the human race—in sorrow that wretched worm of the dust, " drest in a little brief authority," should, by the weakness, ignorance and barbarity of subjects, have the power to " play such fantastic tricks before high Heaven" as to put back the progress of Europe, and make countless thousands mourn. But—it is written —his doomed is sealed—the finger of Providence may be manifestly seen pointing at the crouching victim of its awful but infallible sentence. Let our countrymen mark the relative condition of the belligerents. The people of France offer to lend to their Emperor far more than he needs or will accept to carry on the war. Their har vest is of unexampled abundance. We want five millions for the Turks—thirty millions are offered, and Consols are about 91. Our own crops are of more than average excellence, and the pi ices of food fall. The United States have already: gathered in a larger harvest than they ever before secured. The cereal produce of Russia has miserably failed. Her commerce is annihilated. Levy after levy of her choicest population has drained her serf-estates, and her troops have miserably perished of disease, defeat, disaster, forced marches, and pes tilential encampments. She has been ignominously thrashed in every encounter—nothing has occurred dur ing the whole war but failure, havoc and rout, until her soldiers and even her officers have to be made mad with fiery rye whisky before they can "screw their courage to the sticking place " of a fresh encounter. Yet renewed attacks are an obvious necessity of her desperate condi tion, because she daily makes her assaults at a greater disadvantage, and very plainly, solely because, unless she achieves immediate relief, she sees nothing before her but submission. It is but yesterday that 3,000 attacked a small force in our trenches and ran away in ten mi nutes without disabling so much as a sergeant's guard. The garrison of Sebastopol is already reduced to half rations, and it is whispered to us by persons who should know, that it is not at all unlikely the enemy will actually be starved out within a fortnight. The French are already within 200 hundred feet of the Malakhoff Tower, the key of the enemy's position. An enormous destruction of warlike stores, essential to the conduct of the war in the Crimea, has been effected in the Sea of Azoff and along the coast of the Euxine. The experimen tal bombardment of Sebastopol has recommenced under very encouraging circumstances, the vertical firing effect ing very serious destruction. Although the bombardment of Sweaborg has done little injury to the fortifications, its effect upon the enemy is really similar to the injury which would have been inflicted on us had the whole of the contents of the dockyards at Plymouth ann the mu niments in the Tower been consigned to the flames. The victory of the Sardinians and French on the Tcheruaya is described by General Simpson to be equal to an Alma and Inkerman combined. The odds against the allies were three to ono ; not fewer than 10,000 Russians under Liprandi and their commander-in-chief have been placed hors dc combat in one way or another ; 60,000 seasoned troops have retreated, after three hours' fiat ing with less than 20,000, none of the latter British above all, Italians have borne the brunt of the fight, proved themselves equal to the be st troo p s in the world, proclaimed to Italy its strength, the old Roman pithan o d i spirit that still lurk beneat h the supernacumbeia t mass PL LISS, THIS DAYS NEWS LAW INT EL LIGENCE.—(T HIS DAY.) COURT OF BANKRUPTCY. (Before Mr. Commissioner Holroyd ' IN RE HENRY BARER. This was a meeting for certificate. The bankrupt was a licensed victualler, carrying on business at the Crown and Sceptre, Cumbe►land-market. The balarce sheet, which was prepared by Mr. Glover, Pancras-lane, commenced Dec., 1853, and ended May, 1855, and showed debtor to creditor, 1,1091. lls. ld. ; do. secured, 1,358/. ; capital, 1201. 17s. ; profits at 25 per cent., 333/, 4s. 10d. ; credit stock, 1951. 10a. ; pro p•3rty in the hands of Messrs. Whitbread and Co., who hold the lease of his premises, valued at 1,5001. ; losses, 3991. No opposition was offered, and his Honour awarded an immediate certificate of the second class. POLICE INTELLIGENCE.-(TRIS DAY.) MANSION-HOUSE. Three young females, named Sullivan, Hide, and Hart, and a lad named Murray, were brought before the Lord Mayor, charged with shoplifting, The pri soners were seen by one of the City detectives to enter the shop of Mr. Morris, tailor, Ludgate-hill, and from their manner suspecting they were out for the purpose of plunder he watched them. They came out of Mr. Morris's shop and visited several others. They after wards turned down Bucklersbury and got into Thames street, when be saw the lad Murray take off his cap and put on one he had from one of the females. He fol lowed them to Tower-hill, where he procured the assist ance of police-constable 579, and went up to them. He asked them how many caps they had, and they gave him three. The prisoners were then taken to the sta tion-house, where the females were searched by the female searcher. On Sullivan she found a portmonnaie with 4 duplicates ; on Hart a silk pocket handkerchief, and under Hide's clothes a cloth coat. The caps were idertified as the property of Mr. Cunningham, hatter, 57, Cheapside, and Messrs. White and Son, 63, Cheap side, and the coat, that of Messrs. 'Wallace and Co., tailors, 288, Holborn-hill. _ _ _ Foye, detective, raid the male prisoner had given a wrong name, and he believed there was a charge still against him. The L , n'd Mayor complimented Green, the detective officer who apprehended them, for his vigilance in watch ing the prisoners. They were remanded for a week. GUILDHALL. AN ARTIST IN TROUBLE. —John, Th,ontpson, who de scribed himself as an, artist, was plaxei at the bar on remand before Sir Robert Carden, charged with stea'- ing a book from the stall of Mr. Dunn, bookseller, 120, Fleet-st reet. At the former examination the prisoner sated he was an artist belonging to Newcastle-on Tyne, where he was welt known, and that he was induced to commit the offence with which he was charged from distress. He bad been in London about a month. When he arrived in London be had but 10s. left, and he bad supported himself the best way he could by dispo.zing of his pro perty. He bad occupied an unfurnished attic', fcr which he paid 2s. a week, sleeping on the bare beards. Gayler, the detective officer, who apprehended the prisoner, said he fom.d the books on the prisoner, both of which were supposed to have been stolen. He had written to the sergeant of police at Newcastle, and re ceived an answer that the prisoner wai unkr own there. The prisoner said he bad a sister living there, and that he refused to give her address, not wishing to dis grace his fancily. Sir Robert Carden committed the prisoner for 21 days. BO W-STREET. Emily Legg wag this morning placed at the bar in accordance with a remand, charged witlrsavagely assault ing a child named Leah Livingstone, aged 8 years. From the evidence, it appeared that the prisoner was in the service of Mrs. Livingstone, in the capacity of nursemaid, and that the assault was committed in the following manner--The child was playing in the nursery with the other children, and the prisoner was sitting at the time in the same place. The child, Leah, in a playful mood, placed the chamber utensil in the prisoner's lap, upon which shm jumped up in a violent manner, and, using a very violent expression, swore she would blind her. The unfortunate child repeated the act, and the prisoner snatched up a fork and drove it into the child's eye. The prisoner was brought up this morning in order to see if the child was in attendance to give evidence. The mother stated that the child hail completely lost the sight of one eye, and was now an in-patient of the Ophthalmic Hospital, the surieon of which admirable institution stated that the child could not, without risking entire deprivation of sight, attend to-day. Mr. Henry stated that it would be absolutely neces sary for the child to attend, in order that the prisoner might be adequately punished for the savage outrage. He should therefore order her to be again remanded for a week. SOUTHWARK. BRUTAL ASSAULT ON A FEMALE.--Henry Robson, an id-looking fellow, employed, it appeared, at a rag-shop in Gravel-lane, was brought before Mr. Coombe charged with most violently assaulting Mar;a. Maria Wallis, whose appearance plainly showed the ill-treatment she had received, deposed that she had lived with the prisoner as his wife for upwards of nine months, but in consequence of his continued ill-treat ment of her, several times blackening her eyes, and otherwise injuring her, she was obliged to leave him about nine weeks since, and had never met with him till last night, about !en o'clock, when he came up to her in Charlotte-street, Blackfriar's-road, and said—• " Oh, here you are, you b—h ! I'll be d—d if I don't give it you now." Upon which he knocked her down and kicked her most violently upon the abdomen. A policeman then came up and took the prisoner into custody. Police-constable 78 L stated that hearing a disturb ance in Charlotte-street last night he proceeded to the spot ; the prosecutrix was down upon the ground, and he saw the prisoner kick the woman most violently on the abdomen. The Emperor Napoleon's letter to General Pelissier deserves, for several reasons, the attention of everybody who is interested in the great events of our times. The occasien which elicited it, the circumstances un der which it was written, the events at which it glances, the wise and kindly measure which it announces, arid the brilliant hopes which it invites the Allied Powers and Nations to entertain, all render it a truly striking document—the purple patch (purpureus pannus) on the grey monotony of the passing interva'. Let us give to these several poi its in their turn a mo ment's consideration. The occasion which drew forth this letter (or at least furnished the more immediate motive for writing it at that particular moment) was the battle and victory of the Tchernaya, gained, as we ob served i.efore, on the eve cf the day when the Sovereign of France eas about to entertain, on his own soil, and amidst his own palaces, the British Queen with a mag nificence not heretofore witnessed in the modern or Christian world, and far surpassing all the glories of an ancient Roman •triumph. Concerning this point, we need say no more than merely caution the intelli ' gent reader not to underrate a splendid feat of arms on account of its apparent facility. Those stub born victories which most commonly move our admire , tion—because they seem extorted, as it were, from fate, larid torn out of the very hands of adverse circumstances —reflect immense hotiour upon the valour of the mass of the conquerors ; hut, alas ! what do they say, in most cases, for the prudence of the successful Generals ? An easy victory is, perhaps, less splendid for the soldiery of an army, but it ought to make us think more highly of its leader. The soldiers win less glory, but then they were less tried ; and whose glory is that ? Why, the line of the Tchernaya is the longest, most straggling, most easily forced, and least easilydefended, of the various lines maintained by the Allies in the Crimea ; yet it is very g erd and salubrious for the troops that they should thus retain "elbow-room." General Pe'issier arid General La Marmora had only about 40,000 men to guard this line. The victory was, in our opinion, most glorious —as much a victory of mind, prudence, and of long-continued unrelaxing vigilance as of steadiness and intrepidity. ' Such was the occasion which immediately moved the Emperor of the French to write with his own hand to his brave and skilful General. The letter was written arid sent a midst the festivities, or rather felicitations (for they were grave though so cordial), of our gracious Queen's visit to his Imperial Majesty. The circumstances, then, under which the letter was despatched were nearly as memorable as the occurrence which occasioned it. During the course of the splendid kindnesses of this un precedented reception, the great host is not "absent " for one moment, in manner or seeming—nay, not absent in the characteristic earnestness of his cordiality. Yet he thinks much of the absent, and his mind reverts to SIR B. HALL'S LOCAL MANAGEMENT Act —Last the past, and turn , , meditative and expectant, to stand evening an adjourned p u bli c meeti n g o f the ratepayers- face to face with the future hopes of his country, of Eng of St. Pancras was held at the Vestry-hall, Camden- land, and of Europe. And here is a short and very mo town, for the purpose of considering the propriety of dest letter, most simple and grand in its style, which appointing a committee to co-operate with a committee says touch of both, and which will reverberate through appointed by the vestry to draw up a plan for a fair sub east and west. The Emperor is tranquil respecting the division of the parish into wards, to lay before the asses- fate of his army, as an army ; but he thinks of the indi sor to he appointed by the Secretary of State for that victual soldier—that soldier who now, for a long time, a purpose, under the provieions of Sir B. Hall's Act for time doubled by events, has confronted and overthrown the Better Local Management of the Metropolis. Mr. a continuous file. of successive antagonists, under un- Churchwarden Ferrer presided. Mr. Garvey moved a heard-of-hardships, "des fatigues inouies." And, as resolution to the effect, "That a committee of 24 hide- all that soldier's comrades in France burn to have their pendent ratepayers b e appointed f rom th e body of the share in his glory, the Emperor is busy, he says, in send meeting, to co-operate with the assessor in a fair subdi- ing ship after ship and regiment a fter re g im ent , gradually vision of wards," which, having been seconded, Mr. to replace the great army , illustrious for so man y Goodwin move d as an amendment, "That a list of 15 achievements, by another equally efficient, so as to g i ve na mes (which he nominated) be adopted by the meet- the first its well-earned furlough, and bring it again to i ng. " gr. Ross seconded the amendment. A long and home and to country, to rest and to honour. The reader stormy discussion ensued, and the amendment norninat- sees what this shows both of the Emperor's wakeful ing the 15 names was ultimately carried, and the meet- sympathy for his noble soldiery, and of the colossal mill ing separated. - tary power and resources of France. But, as is usual in The has vest has been an average one for most kinds i the policy of the present Sovereign of that country, there of grain all o ver the nor th o f Italy, and the Indian corn is more than mere sentiment here ; and we may take an promises great abundance ; but the vines,, especially i n opportunity of indicating what the p ractical effect of the Venetian provin ces, are a g an sorely afflicted w ith this good, k i nd l y, an d , e t th e same time, deeply-consi the disease, and, as there is no silk made in those dis- dered measure is likely to be. tricts, which affords a compensating crop in Lombardy, Another and still more stirring c onsideration remains . the people are likely to suffer much p rivation in the The Emperor " hopes that Seba sto p ol will soon fall be ern ad, arid oil are already neath the blows of the Allies. But s hould that event b e be app p n - n ' u a s e u h a il l ' l g Y high prices aricessviine' n all the markets of that coun i hibited. postpo ne d, h e ha s learned, from sources which he be try, even though the exportation of corn is strictly pro- ' lievea to b e sure , that the Russian army will not be able i to sustain themselves through the approaching winter in Mr. Coombe, to the prisoner—You appear to mo to be a most cowardly rascal and a great brute, and I will make an example of you. You are committed to the House of Correction at Wandsworth for three months. The prisoner withdrew grumbling at the decision of the magistrate. ANOTHER ASSAULT ON A FEMALE. —AI fred Forger, a rather respectable-looking man, who de-crihed himself as a plate worker, was charged with violently assaulting his landlady, Mary Ann Smith, this morning about one o'clock. Mary Ann Smith, whose face presented a most terrific appearance from the bruises she had received on it, stated that she resided at 28, Surrey-row, Blackfriars. The prisoner was a lodger at her house, and upon his coming home this morning about one o'clock and some words occurring between them he beat her most vio lently, and disfigured her face in the manner the magis trate might see. The prisoner said that the prosecutrix was a most violent woman, and as great a proficient with her fists as any man going. (Laughter.) On his coming home this morning about one o'clock she began to quarrel with him and threw a large pie-dish at him, which cut him severely. Upon this he struck her, for which he was sorry, but he was so exasperated by her conduct that he hardly knew what he did. Mr. Coombe fined the prisoner 40s. or one month's imprisonment. Naval and Military Intelligence. The following appointments were made yesterday at the Adminity Charles Walker, paymaster, to the Cressy ; William Dewar, pay master, to the Tribune ; J. C. Meagher, as sistant-paymaster-in-charge, to the Bloodhound ; T. K. Dennis, assistant-paymaster, to the Neptune ; Chas. K. Harvey, acting clerk, to the Alarm ; E. S. M. Power, acting clerk, to the Alecto ; 11. Mandeville, midship man, to the Beagle. The Vixen, Commander Barnard, is reported at Woolwich, from South America, having been on that station three years and eight months. She is last from Plymouth, whence she arrived on Sunday evening, and will be immediately docked and paid off. The 50 gun sailing frigate Raleigh was removed out of the fitting basin at Portsmouth yesterday, and taken to harbour moorings in ordinary ' • and the Sutlej, sailing 50 gun frigate, will be removed to the ordinary to-day. The schooner Sir Thomas Mansell, which arrived at Plymouth on Sunday from Corunna, reports that the Meteor, floating battery, with the Rhadatnanthus in company, sailed thence on the 21st for the Crimea. A detachment of 40 non-commissioned officers and privates,of the Sappers and Miners are under orders to proceed to the Crimea. They are to embark in differ ent vessels about to ship the soldiers huts, so as to un dertake their safe and speedy delivery on arrival there. The Ist battalions of the Coldstream Guards and Scots Fusiliers return to London to-day from the camp at Aldershott, and two battalions of the Grenadier Guards will proceed thither to fill the vacancy caused by their departure. We regret to announce the death of Col. F. R. Blake, C. 8., of the 33d (the Duke of Wellington's) Regiment. He died on Thursday last, at Rottingdean, Sussex, where he had gone for the benefit of his health. The gal!aot colonel continued to serve in the camp before Seba-topol until his shattered health, combined with a severe attack of fever, compelled him to return home. The Government have authorised Sir Joseph Paxton to organise another body of 1,000 men, to augment the Army Works Corps now in the Crimea. The additional 1,000 will be composed of mechanics and artisans, and a certain number of navvies, with superintendents and foremen, and will be accompanied by their own surgeons, and by a chaplain and scripture-reader. The principal duties of the corps will consist in erecting huts, con structing and repairing roads, and providing in other ways for the health, of the troops at the seat of war. About 500 men belonging to the provisional battalion at Chatham will embark at Gravesend on the 29th and 31st inst , on board two ships for conveyance to Bombay and Madras. In the vessel Earl of Balcarres the follow. ing men and officers of different corps will embark, viz. : —64th Foot, Ensign Haldam and 42 men ' • 74th, Ensign Thomson and 53 men ; 78th Highlanders , Ensign Kirby with 88 men ; 83d, Major Edward Steele, Lieut. H. S. Cooper, and 42 men ; Lieut. H. S. Cochrsine and En sign James Creigh, and 118 men, 86th (Royal County Down). The undermentioned corps, with the number of men and officers, are to embark on board the ship Trafalgar—Ensigns Close, Gorton, and Elmes, with 8 men, 43d Foot ; and Capt. W. K.M‘Lend, 74th High landers, with 120 men, and Ensign Macliman, 84th Regiment (York and Lanea , ter) for Madras. . At 2 p m. on Monday afternoon a large number of in valid soldiers arrived at Chatham by special train from Portsmouth, consisting of the Ist Dragoon Guards, 4th (Royal Irish) Dragoons, sth Dragoon Guards, 13th Light Dragoons, 10th Hussars, 12th Lancers, Ist Foot, 3d Buffs, 4th, 7th, 9th, 14th, 1 7th, 18th, th, 20th, 21st, 23,1, 28th, 30th, 31st, 33d, 34th, 38th, 39th, 41st, 44th, 46th, 47th, 48th, 49th, 51st, 55th, 57th, 63d, 68th, 71st, 77th, 79th, 88th, 89th, 90th, 93d, 95th, 97th, Ist and 2d Blttalion Rifle Brigade, and 14th Regiments, with 1 sergeant and 7 privates of the Ambulance Corps, and James Armstrong, Land Transport Corps, and John Taggot, of the Commissary, invalided ; making a total number of 195 invalids. 89 were from Portsmouth, and came in the Clyde steamer, and 106 were from the hos pital at Chichester, and from the hospital at Scutari. The officers who came home with the men are Captain M. Legge, let Royals, who has a wound in his cheek ; Lieut. G. Waddilove, 47th, with Assistant-Surgeon Sid rey Alder, 62d Regiment. About 20 of the invalids were supported by crutches, and to assist those poor fellows who were unable to walk from the railway carriages to the vans to take them to the hospital. were a party of the medical staff corps who have recently returned from the Crimea, and Assistant-Surgeon Robert B. Heatley, from the General Hospital, Fort Pitt, and Lieutenant and Adjutant James Pope, Invalid Depot. Owing to excollent arrangements the invalids were soon on their way to quarters at the Invalid Depot, and 82 were conveyed to the Supplemental Hospital, Brornpton, for surgical operations. They left Scutari on the let of August. On the passage died Private John Murphy, 30th Foot, and a clergyman of the name of Freeman. INCONSISTENT POLITICIANS. There are some men who take an active part in the politics of the world who seem never to have the slightest idea, of what they desire. Thus there are a set of men who profess to have an .earnest•desire to see the oppressed nationalities of Eur Ope rise out of their state of oppression and be received into the great combination of European states ;—to see the Polish kingdom once more forming one of the barrier fortresses of Europe ; to see Hungary freed from the usurping despot who tramples on her liberties ; to see Italy casting off the priestly nightmare and the foreign gaoler that crushes all her energies and turns her beauty into desolation. And yet the very men who make these large professions —the men who when Russia was thought to be about to assist Austria against the Hungarians talked of crumpling her up like a sheet of paper—now hold a different tone and consider Russia no longer as the aggressor, but the oppressed. Those men who spoke so loudly of resuscitating the nationalities of Europe now would hold back from the slightest movement in those nationalities because some crotchet of their own cannot be carried out. Even Mr. Urquhart, who believes Lord Palmerston to have sold us to Russia, and who professes to be able almost to tell the very sum he received for his treachery, even be would rather see Russia successful in the contest than that DTA Palmerston should be at the bead of affairs when Russia is thoroughly defeated and humbled. The meeting held in London a short time since, for the purpose of advising the raising of a Polish legion, is an exemplification of this inconsistency between the de sires of men and their knowledge of how to obtain their desires. The old and staunch friends of the Polish na tion feel that a time is come when they may rationally hope to move the governments of Europe, or at least the great powers of England and France, to give them some assistance in their struggle for indeperdence against the despotism which has crushed out their nation from her position in Europe. As a first step they offer to raise a Polish legion who shall help to fight the battles of England and of France against the general oppressor. They seek by the expression of a public opinion in the metropolis of England to strengthen the hands of the Government as against the despotic states of Europe— more particularly as against Austria, that " ally to a certain extent," whose sympathies are with Russia, and whose actions are with her sympathies, while her words are with the Western Powers. It is wished by the friends of Poland that a s t r ong voice should go forth from England, which neither constitutional governments nor despots should be able to ignore.' Bat immediately up rise some of those men who have the liberties of O land continually on their lips, and they say—no—no Polish legion—no resuscitation of Polish nationality— nothing but down with Palmerston. And the Chartists and pugnacious peace party, by their clamour and vio• lence, destroy the meeting, and this opportunity is lost of speaking with au authoritative voice to the Govern ments of Europe. Among the m ost noisy at this most obstreperous meeting were some few Poles, who unfor tunately seem to care less for their country than for their own peculiar opinions, who, if they cannot have a demo• cratic and social republic in Poland, seem to prefer that it should remain under the domination of Russia and Prussia and Austria, through whose Governments they have themselves been driven into exile, and their coun trymen decimated and oppressed. We pity these mis guided men ; we have nothing but contempt for the Englishmen who assisted to mislead them,—Br es t Briton and Cornwall Advertiser. EMIGRATION FROM THE NORTH OF SCOTLAND.—The exodus of agricultural labourers from the North of Scot land to the Canadas still continues. The second fleet of American traders will carry out . above 600 em i gran t s from Aberdeen and neighbouring ports, making the total number from. the North Scotland and the o.k. nes Islands about 3,000 persons. Agricultural labour has advanced in value, and good hands are now getting scarce. lazy and cowed love of creators comfort and fat ease, and demonstrated to Austria that the day on which she shall provoke France and Eog!and to send the fiery cross among distressed nationalities, the Italians will cope on equal terms with the Most disciplined coliert4 of legitimacy. Alarmed at the success of La Marniora, it is rumoured that Austria is about to leave the Principali ties, and that Omar Pacha, with the flower of the Tutk i-h army, and flanked by a French and English contin gent, will be made room for, there to carry the invasLin into the Russian frontier by the significant permission of Germany, so as to force the war to.a conclusion. Bere is our present stand—these are our future prosfietii— who that has the spirit of a free man would talk of patching up a peace ? Who that has the soul of an Eng lishman would condescend to negotiation, or degrade the exalted attitude of his country to the sordid chicane of paper protocolling and logornachy of obfuscated plenipo tentiaries ? AUSTRIA AND NAPLES. ( Front the Daily News of this day.) An Austrian fleet has cast anchor in the Bay of Naples. Two Austrian ships of war—one a steamer— are riding off Castellamare : and four—two of them steamers—are in the harbour of Naples. This is the sequel of the remonstrance addressed by the Austrian Government to the King of Naples, on the error of his ways, to which we called attention on the Ilth instant. The present state of Italy has rendered Austria fidgetty and apprehensive. Hence it comes that she is increas ing her military force in Lombardy and the Venetian territories, to prevent any rising there, and to be in readiness to suppress risings in any other Italian State. And hence it comes that a fleet is sent to tie up the hands of her crazy protege, the King of Naples, who seems beent upon provoking insurrections in his terri tories. The friendly contalers of the madman who is now giving free scope to his fantastic humours in the kingdom of the Two Sicilies, have not arrived a mo ment too soon. From insulting and maltreating private individuals—natives and foreigners—his creatures have proceeded to provoke collisions with Governments ; and their first insult of this kind has been directed against the senior attache of the British embassy at Naples. It will require all the "soft sawder" of Lord John Russell's friends at Vienna to prevail upon King Boraba to make besuch an amends honorable as it will consistent with the dignity of the British Government to accept. It is not without cause that the Austrian Government views with anxiety the present aspect of affairs in Italy. Such politicians as are not in the habit of allowing the 'newest novelty to efface all remembrance of preceding events will recollect what was the state of public opinion in Italy when Pio Nono ascended the Papal throne. The practical reformers who, at the instigation of Balbo, Gioberti, and D'Azeglio, had emancipated them selves from the secret associations were busily at work, seeking to effect such ameliorations, social and political, as were attainable under the existing Governments. The simultaneous adoption of a more liberal policy by the Governments of Piedmont, Rome, and Tuscany, imparted a national character to the isolated efforts of the practical reformers in these states, and indeed throughout Italy. The instinct of the people taught their' truly that so long as foreign influence predomi nated in Italy nothing could be accomplished, and hence the idea of an Italian League, or Confederation. Insurrections in Lombardy and the Neapolitan domi nions accelerated the march of events. Italy found itself involved in a war with the foreigner before any confederation of its principal states could be formed, ' and whilst hostilities were actually in progress be- , tween Sicily and Naples. The only Italian Govern ment that stood true to the cause of Italy was that of Piedmont, which was betrayed and deserted by the other Princes of the Penin , ula, and thwarted and hampered by the bulk of the extreme lib erals. Austria triumphed, and the cause of Italian unity and independence was for the time stricken down. But this reverse has had, at least, the good effect of materially simplifying the politics of the Peninsula. They who dreamed of a Federal Italy were divided be tween the claims of the Pope and of the King of Sar dinia to be President of the Confederation. The course pursued by Pio Nono—in accordance with the views of the Sacred College of Cardinals—has put the former out of the question. The Roman Government, when it placed itself under the protection of the ultramontane powers, and declared that the independence and good government of Italy was as dust in the balance when weighed against the perpetuation of priestly misrule, taught every Italian that the continuance of the secular power of the Popes was incompatible with the liberty and good government of his country. Again, the false hood and chicanery by which the Governments of Rome Tuscany, Naples, and the minor principalities sacrificed the cause of Italy rather than run the risk of seeing Piedmont aggrandised, showed—what had already been proved by the history of the Germanic Confederation—that free institutions and national independence are unatt lin able under a confederation of princes. A federal republic under certain social conditions is possible, as we see in Ame rica, because all officials, state and federal, are elected by and responsible to, the people. But in a confederation of monarchie4, either the central Government must be nominated by the princes, and become their mere instru ment, or it must be nominated by the people, and be continually thwarted and paralysed by the powers re served to themselves by the sovereigns. Lastly, the miserable failure of the extreme Liberals in Italy, after Piedmont had been driven from the field, has proved to all the reasonable and honest adherents of republican opinions, that mere abstract principles, however plan and popular enthusiasm, however pure and de voted, are unavailing against the standing armies of the foreigner, unless there be somewhere the framework of a disciplined Italian army, into which the new levies of volunteers and extempore soldiers may be incorporated. These important lessons have been taken to heart by the flower of the Italian people—the educated middle and upper claqies—and will not be forgotten when the time comes again for asserting Italian unity and independence. And that time will assuredly come. With the single exception of Piedmont, the most intolerable misrule pervades every Italian state; and the Italians know that but for Austria this misrule would be impossible. In Lombardy and the Venetian territories Austria tyrannises directly ; in the Two Sicilies she upholds the tottering throne of the Bourbons ; in the States of the Church the near proximity of her armies and her insidious counsels encourage the combined arrogance and effeminacy of the dominant priesthood ; and in Tuscany and the minor dukedoms the nominal sovereigns are the mere prefects of Austria. It is im possible to foresee what form the first renewal of the struggle for liberty and good government in Italy will assume, when it will come, or whether it will extend over the whole of the Peninsula or be confined to a part of it. But oppressors and oppressed, and foreigners looking on at a distance, are all equally impressed with the conviction that come it mu , t, and that ere long. Hence the sleepless jealousies of Austria. She feels that the blow is impending, but knows not when or whence it may reach her. Like other malefactors she startles at the rustling of every leaf. Now, it is the nomination • of Garibaldi to the command of a Sardinian vessel ; now it is the raising of an Italian Legion for the service of England in Sardinia ; now it is some word dropped in the English Parliament by a mini.ter or by a private member. Her prying curiosity is unable to detect the r Immediate sources of danger; but her incessant suspi , cions goad her to acts of oppression, which will of them . selves bring about that armed insurrection against her s alien authority in Italy, of which she stands in constant s dread. SWEABORO AND SIR CHARLES NAPIE.R, (From the Examiner.). It is perfectly clear that the destruction of Sweaborg was effected by means of mortars. The range of these powerful instruments of destruction being upwards of 3,000 yards— considerably greater than that of the guns in the Sweaborg batteries--the assailants carried on their principal operations in as oomplete safety as if they had been practising against the butts at Woolwich. The crews of the boats had indeed their ears deafened, and in some instances their voices and chests injured, by the tremendous concussion to which they were exposed from the constant discharges of their mortars in such close proximity ; but the Russians had as good a chance of bringing down a sea-gull as one of their enemies by a 32-pounder, and the probability of hitting by a shell so small an object as a mortar-boat, at the range of nearly two miles, is almost too remote for calculation. It is clear, then, that without mortars it was not pos sible for Sir Charles Napier to effect what by their aid alone Admiral Dundas has been able to accomplish. And it is a significant fact, to which we have more than once directed attention, that there was not a single mortar on board the Baltic fleet last year. The charge against Sir Charles Napier is therefore re duced to this, that he ought to have taken care not to be unprovided with a proper supply of this kind of artil lery. But, on the other hand, may it not be assuming a little too much to take for granted that Sir Charles, when he took the command, knew perfectly well what sort of a sea, aed what sort of a coast, and what sort of harbours and forts those of the Baltic were ? We are far from certain that he knew anything of this. He had not, we believe, (nor much to the discredit of our Admi ralty) had any of his captains, ever before made a cruise in the Baltic ; and the northern coasts of that sea are so unlike all others, that without personal inspection their peculiarities can with difficulty be understood. Was it not, also, at least as much the business of Sir James Graham and the Admiralty as of Sir Charles Napierito know what sort of sea the Baltic is, and what sort of ports and harbours it contains ? For the quality, as well as the magnitude of the fleet which it entrusts to the command of an admiral, there can be no doubt that the:Admiralty is primarily responsible are aile and we know that means of obtaining informationic always open to a Government which an individual can not possibly command. Assuming this case that both were ignorant, there cannot be a question where the h Lord Aberdeen's v ie ua pnce on foot Government e r e n s responsibility men t ca llupon should fall. the En gl i a h c D n i n d aa n suls scattered along o the coasts the Baltic f d o r vi r c e e p - c o o r n ts touching the n nm state n o a f t t e h t e h R e s u te s h s a i a t Was the Admiralty aware rep n S f o f w rot sr e Sweden tr e : n sSs aierls Chaswa a n y s .dkNeefeae p s i e r?? looksboats, and of her upon northern m he7r ca As i the o s otas large only They fleet vesselset of gu available n for the defence " b G o vernment, it is certain, t tpdohmsasvieresaslbe been facili ties 111 - t for obtaining every necessary information of th in kind, and it was plainly their duty to put such into re- ' tified by other causes than those he is most eagoeiurngghhitillo neither n u ie ct e t al : n f forward Ngev perfectly n et ; d l ya w n rc o e eo r h nn m e o eo lt a i l y n c h e l h y i h s ai ; l s ns t b p y r u ie l o t m e n t o os h f v e ao l lf e c t o t uenntwryrit ' be despatch e d i n t o t h e hienasvnyffiblame forof having ervice it was sen t t o i a t frngren then to be not shifted fro m Si r James Graham's to t t n o Balticic discharge Sir Charles Napier's shoulders. As to making requisi tions for mortars after he h a d arr i ved in the Balticthi he appears to have done ; but it was then of late to obtain a sufficient suppiy for the purposea of that year's campaign. The true state of the case will probably turn out to be that the fleet u . nd - er Sir Charles was originally despatched to the Baltic less with any really forinidwble purpose than merely by way of demonstration. It does not seem likely that any serious intention was then entertained of'attacking either - Cronstadt or Sweaborg. It was in deed Lord Aberdeen's avowed policy to avoid striking any blow that might diminish or humble the pride of sort of defensive warfare—not simply defen sive in the ordinary acceptation. of the word, but defen sive in the sense of the measures Advocated by Mr. Milner Gibson—was to be waged in the Baltic and the Black Sea. A fleet was equipped for the Baltic sufficient to prevent the Russians from doing any mischief, but not possess ing the power to inflict serious injury-on their principal fortresses'; and an army was landed at Gallipoli for the protection of Constantinople from :a coup de main, but in that position running the least possible risk of ever coming into collision with the enemy. Naturally enough, therefore, when forced by circumstances to as sume the offensive, the fleet under Sir Charles Napier, like the army under Lord Raglan, found itself unpro vided with the means indispensably necessary for prose cuting a vigorous campaign. GENERAL BOARD OF HEALTH. NOTIFICATION AS TO THE NUISANCES RE MOVAL ACT, 1855. (1849, Victoria, c. 121.) The General Board of Health, being required to fur- nish information for the removal of nuisances and pre ventible causes of disease, desires to call attention to the provisions of the Nuisances Removal Act, 1855, which hag superseded the previous acts on the same subject in England : 1. Any premises in such a state as to be a nuisance or injurious to health may be ordered by two justices in petty sessions, or by a stipendiary magistrate, to be made s , fe and habitable, to be paved, cleansed, whitewashed, disinfected, or purified, and sufficient privy accommoda tion, means of drainage, and ventilation to be provided ; and while any house or building is rendered by a nuisance unfit for human habitation, in the opinion of the justices, the using of it for that purpose may be prohibited. 2. Any pool, ditch, gutter, watercourse, privy, urinal, cesspool, drain, or ashpit, so foul as to be a nui sance or injurious to health, may be ordered to be drained, emptied, cleansed, filled up, amended, or re moved, and a substitute provided. 3. Any animal so kept as to be a nuisance or injurious to health may be ordered to be kept;in a cleanly and wholesome state, and, if that be impciisible, the animal may be removed. 4. Any accumulation or deposit which is a nuisance or injurious to health may be ordered to be carried away. Notice of a nuisance may be given by any person ag grieved thereby, or by any of the following persons : The sanitary inspector or any paid officer under the local authority, two or-more inhabitant householders of the parish or place to which the notice relates, the re lieving officer of the union or parish, any constable or any officer of the constabulary or police force of the dis trict or place, and, in case the premises be a common lodgi❑g-house, any person appointed for the inspection of common lodging houses. The notice is to be given to one of the local authorities in the following list, and, if more than one of them have jurisdiction in the place where the nuisance arises, the authority first mentioned is the one to which the notice must be addressed : 1. Where the Public Health Act is in force, the local Board of Health. 2. In corporate towns (except the city of London, Oxford, and Cambridge), the Town Council. 3. In the city of London, the Commissioners of Sewers ; and in Oxford and Cambridge, the Improvement Commissioners. 4. Where local improvement acts are in force, the commissioners or trustees for the execution of such acts 5. The Highway Board, if there be one. 6. The Nuisance Removal Committee, which ought to be chosen by the vestry under the act of 1855, where none of the abovementioned authorities exist. 7. The Board of Inspectors for Lighting and Watch ing, under 3 and 4 Wm. IV., c. 90, acting with the sur veyors of highways. 8. Where none of the above-mentioned are to be found the guardians and overseers of the poor and the surveyors of the highways in and for the place. In the metropolis the vestries and district boards to le elected under the Metropolis Local Management Act will, on and after January 1, 1856, be the authority to whom notice and complaints must be addressed. The local authorities are bound to appoint or join with other local authorities in appointing a sanitary inspector, and they have power of entry into the premises on which the alleged nuisance is situated for them selves or their officers, and, on being satisfied that the complaint is well founded, are bound to bring it before a justice, on whose summons the person causing the nuisance, or, if he cannot be found or as certained, the owner or occupier of the premises where it exists, will be summoned before two justices, by whom the complaint will be inquired into, and an order made. Even if the particular nuisance complained of have been removed before proceedings are taken the local autho rities, if they have reasons for believing that it is likely to recur, may summon the offender, and the justices may in such a ease make an order not for abatement but for prohibition, or they may combine an order for abatement with an order for prohibition, and direct the works necessary to prevent a recurrence of the cause of complaint. The order of the justice may extend to structural works, but in that case the act gives an ap peal, as it does against any order of prohibition. The duty and cost of removing the nuisancearethrown in the first plane on the person causingit, and, if he cannot be found, on the owner or occupier in the next place, according as the nuisance is one caused by act or default of one or the other. It is obvious that there are nuisances which no atten tion on an occupier's part can prevent, if an owner have not provided certain appliances ; and, on the other hand, nuisances for the prevention of which the utmost care or forethought of an owner is unavailing, if the occupier be careless or perverse. When neither the person causing the nuisance, the owner, nor the occupier can be got at, the duty of re moving the nuisance devolves on the local authority, and the cost must be defrayed out of the funds adminis tered by them. Any person not obeying an order for abatement of a nuisance is liable to a penalty of not more than 104. per day during his default and any person knowingly and wilfully acting contrary to the order of prohibition is liable to a penalty of not more than 20s. per day during such contrary action ; and the local authority may themselves remove or abate the nuisance, and charge the cost to the person on whom the order has been made. Meat, vegetables, flour, &c., exposed for sale, or in their way to, or in the course of being slaughtered, dressed, or prepared for sale or use, or landed from any ship, may he ev,arnined by the sanitary inspector, and, if they appear to him unfit for human food, may be seized and brought before a justice, who may make order therein. The local authorities may direct complaint to be made before justices of nuisances arising from noxious trades or manufactures, and of any house which ,is so over crowded by inhabitants, consisting of more than one family, as to be dangerous or prejudicial to their health. The local authority may lay down and keep in repair ' a sewer or other structure along the course of any ditch, gutter, drain, or watercourse used, or partly used, for the conveyance of sewage, and may assess parties using the ditch as a means of sewerage to the expense, either in one sum, or by instalments, or an annual payment. All persons allowing gas washing to flow into any place for water are rendered liable to heavy penalties. The local authority may direct any proceedings at law or in equity in cases coming within the powers of this act. The General Board would strongly urge on the clergy, employers of labour, and others whose avocations bring them into contact with the classes of the population most exposed to suffer from the nuisances to which this actrso fern, the duty of informing themselves of and diffusing information as to the provisions of the act, and of doing all they can to promote the election of committees for iso execution, especially in rural parishes. By order of the board, T. TAYLOR, Secret"rY' August. EADVERTIRIMENT.i—HoIIoway's Ointment and rg rPhillsil. for Bad Legs.—Copy of a letter from Mr. lips, of Livers-lane, Haverfordwest : • knows Holloway. Sir,—l consider it my duty to n and pals, —tiT G o eo Professor the benefit I derived from using your ointnicli t in the leg, after suffering very severely from for which I was under the treatmenat woun d f ou s n everal medical men for nine months without deriving any benefit what which certainly your reme d ies,for $ weak only, in ever ; at last I resorted to did wonders, for, after using directions, the m y . leg is completely accordance with your cured."—Sold by all medicine vedurs, and . _ at Professor Strand, London ; and Holloway's Establishm e n ts, . 244, 80, Maiden-lane, New Yo W k as Ix 7un _ An p [ADvEßMllugier i l Z •-- °TIM& amis.—Masers S. and PATENT BECONNorntora 1 - t • Piccadill y . B. Bo l° - Alhemar e s reet, Observe moos, opticians 39 Yo'rk Hotel. - By her opposite th e INeety's Royal Letters Patent for val uable an d extraordinary imp rovements in the most powerful and brilliant Telescopes, Caw, Race course, Opera , and Perspective Glasses, to know the distances of objects viewed through them —of great importance to the army, navy, and others. These telescopes possess such extra ordinary powers that some 3?, inche s, with an extra eya• piece, w ill show distin c tl y an d the double stars ; with Jupit er 's the same telescope can be seen a person's countenance three • miles and a half distant a nd an object from 16 t o 20 . sizes, with increasin g . They are of larger and a miles n • while their vary ing rom 4 to 6 inches enable u s t o di scov er mo re Pwwe re accord ingly the than above and the Geo rgian, with his 6 satellites, &c. — The ßoYsi I.—Valuable, newt inve nted, very small , p owerf ul waistcoat-pocket glass,the size of a walnut, by which a person can be seen and known 1 i miles distant ; they answer every purpose on the race-course, and at the opera housea, country scenery, and ships are clearly soon at Bto 10 miles. They are invaluable for shooting, deer-stalking, yachting, to sportsmen, gentlemen gamekeepers, and tourists. Opera. race-course, camp, and perspective glasses, with wonderful power. —Newly-constructed Spectacle Lenses of the great. est transparent power. The valuable advantage derived from this invention is, that vision becoming impaired it. preserved and strengthened, and very aged persons are enabled to employ their sight at the most minute occto pation—can see with these lenses of a much less magnify* ing power—and they do not require the frequent changes to the dangerous effects of further powerful assistance. Deaf ness—New Discovery.—The Organic Vibrator, an extraordi nary powerful, small, newly-invented instrument for deafness. entirely different from all others, to surpass anything of the kind that has been, or probably ever can be, produced. Being of the same colour as the skin, is not perceptible ; 1$ enables deaf persons to hear distinctly at churoh and et public assemblies ; the unpleasant sensation of singing sow in the ears is entirely removed ; and it affords all the sees% ance that possibly could be desired. 39, Albemsrle4 I Piccadilly. Observe—opposite the York liotaL ~~ ~.. '..~: