The Sun. — London, England, 1855-01-23 00:00:00

1 7 0 z 17.7\7."7"--,BE Allied f h Ise object °fit i on s of the .1,- learned 0,, othing will nt will be.wr 311.1 r T; ) long• 4u thil l t last Conseil [E GREAl'l4'' LIVERF9 ° , screwsto— the 31 1: 1 8 0 ast for " I ,lfor wn last nig oin 31elboura‘ October. °,E b en,ers, ,',Oll )O ounces traZ tv „h prO i hs ter portioite, a powers Inlack? Le of the ~ h of Octf j) L' ece '' 0 , tlie 2d of I t Britain olio of tallolf)i) Tchandistuieg.d ed (by te pid rrival at t 'llO Ballara t cligli j eu l a rs or 1 taken P bet kets l o mar 4 a 6B o '. ri 11 leave odi r LiirerPO ir ° , >f to-3%00001 [1 be at °/l e t , ps for th e vernweor COO " that so r' 3° . c o i mo bilised > b o consist. n at Fr sak9 e tti l (belh I.rmj 525,031 w" ............. .......... aden,, - 1 3 1 ........... al lie os° ' rinibur g''1; 01 • k O r vie ,Aeo the kniOng ............ arps hoot•L' s „. , ..... .. are-- re L."' ¢ F ri , / ),d to, t o ~- 0. r , ps t 01 . Pr ° v- S o h o ? 0 ° IL 1(4 , id it ) I'aufg, tDe 00 Rai 1 THE LINE, The following has just been issued : "hieaoranduna of Instructions for Officers sent to the , yolunßea-Quarters of Reg r-nts of Militia to receive teers for the Lin°' F`l. The officer will b 3 allowed the usual travelling ex lonialeve'dfrs7 ahi-dsar"filn tient on be preferred oethe prescribed form, and he will also be ant and returning thereto, the claim this 4 3' or t f 3 period 9 IS !barges i n 4b . lit y. • lhese allowances will be sp ' ecific e . • h • ' away from his rep lenB. '"e Pay-list of the regiment to which he be -4:0„,. li, e is to take with him a supply of attestations, and, 4 , u ne rot be able to obtain a sufficient number at his 2:,?3aitnent elsewhere, he will apply to the Secretary at ". r, specifying the number he requires. 4. , 1 3 . Fie is to issue to the volunteers their line pay at is. , 4 7 from the date of attestation with beer money, and, .."ell finally accepted each volunt ' eer is entitled to V. out the man bounty of 71. allowed, but this 1/. is to be issued to nis being sent to his regiment, iment, unless specifically 0 , ,'!aaa with discretion 25. ' 6(1. at first, and the remainder e arlier, . T required tents he volunteers are to he sent to their respective reg i i_- ..._ • tiet i 3 O . .. U M 0 r routes, escorted by a steady sergeant of are... , 13, arranges tth line in the garrison, or of the militia, as ir. y In a , WllO will be entitled to 2s. 6d. conducting i s °,,, fir each volunteer, to be paid to him when the man ?,iivere Over to his regiment. 4k. Thetotite ecessary funds to meet the expenses on the ~, are to be advanced by Ilrii°l4_,Tlt band iu all practicable cases the men are to be for the officer to the conducting : 4 ato their destination. ti le The Meer is to forward to the regiment to which 6121160 eare sent a cl ear and specific statement of the sums bia .(t or advanced by him, showing the detail for_ each ( i v ! , kna as all charges for these volunteers, from the „„„uur attestation for the lino, are to bo made in the acf the c i 4 ( : ) f the iiaymaster of the regiment, or paymaster of kie, PaymasterePot of the regiment to which they have volunteered, of 644' ,_a is to reimburse to the officer the 4 t rpr ra, nee. thethe Z !wide required temporarily by the officer to f meet t "'Teral disbursements are to be obtained by him roil Wi4o-I),kiter of hi own . regiment by draught or other '44lll4, t , no chargesis to be e t ade in such aymaster's ne ttle oi4 e e2 nioney to expenditure by being only an advance P. be repaid by the rs„,':when he shall be reimbursed his ,o,ll,late:arTaarn:essenf t ro by m h t i h r o o. respective regiments to which Niti le allowance of 10s. to the militia sergeants _of m t a h n e 4 6 ete from which the men volunteer, for each teen; 4PProve, is to be remitted by the paymaster of the colar4t receiving the volunteers, direct to the officer 14411(ling the regiment of militia. " B. FIANVES." I-AreItAASP OF BILLEL' MONEY. WAR -OFFICE, Jan. 13. , 1 4 1 :ZI am directed to acquaint you that her Majesty's ' O 4 l r ie nt have decided Upon augmenting the allowance biliete""deePers and others in England and Wales form_ t en e toloatlltnerillaeTtid.; 718 t clau se 4" them, from id. a-day, the rate fixed by h Thi c of the Mutiny Act, to 14d. a-day. a for eee . in — the l am same , eir, c. T o I'd f o i t e r n er sa t et s ne e t r . a v ia a nY n n t k b e e e per accounted's al lo w B. HAWES. t'l Field Regiments and Depots, Inspect 's' vnacers, S.:O &c., &c., in England. RE PPARDS FOR DISTINGUISHED SZRVIC ES. i i 1, cop - FOR TH E INFORMATION OF REGIMENTS A ND il. DEPOTS, (U. elte4dOler Majesty having been graciously . pleased o t se o Of ,r previous royal warrants for the special purp trace4let4ing rewards for distino-uished and meritorious 44d gallant conduct in . the field, I am directed to hillecitlt herewith a copy of a warrant which ha . s t bFen . 1/16dite7r that Purpose, and to request that you wil co i m m . telt,i. Yl:flake it known to the regiment under your totori?it,iliZvgiflaattnatitvrotiboemselectemdafyor the annuity of 201. is to consider to be most de- Ikea of such reward, you which, when granted, is t at 46 ;vint, eat hie own disposal, though ho may be s ill , x tl itid 4° f 5 her directed to observe that, in selecting in lebriotetst:z.:l4:°l4%filltatitut gratuities to be awarded for distinguished educt in the field, you are not to be t t rl z e i , oe election by any consideration as to g ZI:kllill y hilly Oneral good conduct of the individual (and k_ f,44,„ violate operations), being alone the qualitica 11°, Sir, yo'Ltisolura to this reward.—l have the honour to ''''' bedient servant, t To 0 fa, " B. Haws. Veieldc,3„l hIL la a ' barnan a din o g r ß d eg { im gl en n , &c., under ar Ci r°17.21.1413.4.1VD MUNITIONS. f:1 7e La. /0 . nt eottlulell favoured by the Admiralty with the f 7116 %lin,. .foa l It -" te ADMIRALTY, munitions e e r „ a e i t i en n l le r a la 11 : 11:;1 00 44 : 3 1; 4 117S : : th at considerable gr ap h ic oudnnes a dis r :Lea h rty a ac y boh e nl esh jt7acA-s—k9Nnbe. consignments e2gn p 2n l m a rl c eeB e nc asetf:s; receiv ed lettell ' atiiretBA °I the l edl i t of ra w nean to those of Ode u s a s r and the kite . —WI e d d rri o ir n el ' es it ai tie r s 1 ill ti g gli a s u h a u n ff d eu F t r u e a n l ch bi s o q uka d d r e on uf s ItPilet IttietiPanii4,43Bjan Port's in the Black Sea, a m nd t t h o e n i o a t t i u fy f aoluttlarp ik,...--reerneut of this blockade tr:-:etit"fe'r•c"'oe b•eiuSteps have be t e h n at ta d k a e t n e, t a o f t r a p o t r i o u v u i e d d e for an it thikailleiPal portsg' wh r i i c o ll a t t.% to be blockaded, shed "to true authority for the purpose in the names of the -, overUluents." son. Mr. R. HART, one of the deputation, after expressing the great satisfaction he felt at once more seeing the gallant General among them, asked permission to call his attention to the present condition of our army in the East. He was not desirous of drawing forth any ex pression of opinion which Sir De Lacy Evans, as an offi cer, might feel desirous of withholding, but the fact could not ba disguised that, notwithstanding the great generosity of the people of these kingdoms, the army at present in the Crimea was in a most wretched condition. Be need only refer to accounts which daily appeared in the public papers. Much anxiety existed in the public mind on this subject, and he trusted ho was not out of order in alluding to it in the presence of a gallant officer who would, no doubt, at the proper time, take care that the truth was elucidated. Sir DE LACY EVANS observed that he bad of late read many statements on the condition of the troops. It was not his province on that occasion to enter into this ques tion, but he had no objection to say one thing, and that was that when he left head-quarters the army was not in the condition described in some reports. More he could not say. He would again remind them that at the com mencement of a war many mistakes generally took place, and after 40 years' peace such mistakes ought not to oc casion much surprise. He would take this opportunity of saying that he fully appreciated the kind sympathy now so generously evinced by all classes for the army ; and be bad no doubt the conduct pursued by the people would be the forerunner of great results. The deputation then retired. Sir De Lacy, though much improved since his urrhal at the Pavilion, is still in ♦ery imperfect health. The sword presented to Sir De Lacy bears the follow ing inscription : _ _ "Presented to Lieutenant-General Sir De Lacy Evans, K.C.8., M.P., by the inhabitants of the united borough of Hythe, Folkestone, Sandgate, and adjacent parishes, in commemoration of the courage, devotion, and genero sity exhibited by him in the memorable action of the Alma, the heights of the Tchernaya, and Inkerman." Colonel James Robertson Craufurd, of the Grenadier Guards, is appointed to succeed the late General Du Plat as Military Commissioner for Great Britain to the head-quarters of the Austrian army, and will have the brevet rank of Major-General while so employed. TFIE MERCANTILE MARINE ACT.—Mr. John Coar, late mate of the South Esk, having been convicted before the magistrates at Liverpool, and sentenced to imprison ment for desertion, the Board of Trade have cancelled his certificate.—Shipping Gazette. DAVITS 'r. PRATT.—The Arbitrator in this case, Mr. Whately, Q.C., sat again yesterday. Sergeant 'Wilkins commenced a violent address on behalf of the defendant, and had not concluded it when the proceedings were adjourned. THE CHARGE AGAINST LIVERPOOL 'BROKE/W.—LIVER POOL, Jan. 22.—At the police court, before Mr. Mans field and Mr. J. C. Ewart, Messrs. Forth and Archer, brokers, were charged with pledging 10 barrels of tar, belonging to Messrs. Laurie, Clark, and Co., to Messrs. Firth and Sons, bankers, Northwich. After a brief in quiry it was elicited that a misapprehension had arisen out of a mistake made by Mr. Joseph. James Dodd, clerk to Messrs. Watson and M‘Donalrl, who ha-1 unwittingly led Mr. Firth to believe his firm had ten barrels of tar morn in the warehouse of witness's employers than was actually the case. On this fact baying been evolved in the course of the evidence, the case was immediately dismissed. DovER, Jan. 22.—The Belgian Government Commir sion appointed to inspect and report on the English rail way system, consisting of the following gentlemen : Baron de Mau, Le General Nerenberger, Membro du Conseil des Chemins de Fer ; Le General Delaunay, H. Spitaels, S6nat , :ur ; F. de Brouwer de Hogendorl), Meruhre de la Charnbre des Representants ; M. m asn i , and M. Belpaire, arrived at Hake's Lord Warden Hotel from Calais yesterday, and left this morning by the South-Eastern Railway for Ashford. They were ac companied by Mr. Cook, secretary to the General Manager of the South-Eastern, who would conduct the mover the company's establishments at that place, The first public recognition of this gallant officer's I A Ilionth in, the Camp before Sebastopol. By a services since his return to England from the Crimea Non-Combatant. Longman. took place yesterday at Folkestone, when a congratu- j This highly-interesting work is the narrative of lett:l.y address, accompanied by a sword valued at 150 the adventures of a traveller, who, being desirous guineas, was presented to him by a deputation from the to inform himself of the real state of things at the inhabitants of the united Parliamentary boroughs of seat of war, and having a month of leisure, be- Hythe, Folkestone, and Sandgate. The presentation took himself to the environs of Sebastopol, where took the Pa plviac e lion Hotel at one o'cl'The deputation was he ock, in one of the largaded by Mr.e saloons ohe acquired all th e , i n f orma ti on h e so p l easant l y . . f gives us. The work of a spectat or o f th ese stir m Brockman, M.P. f or th e di s t r i c t, an d i nc l u d e d a b ou t 60 gentleen, among whom w e re th e M a yor of Hyth e , th e ring scenes, and the description of camp lif e by Mayor of F o lk es t one , C olone l S an dil an d s , Mr. Lacon one who has really tried it, will at once ex c it e th e , controller of Customs at Folkestone, the churchwardens reader's attention. It is written in a lively and of the several parishes, and the aldermen and councillors graphic style, in the form of letters to a friend, of Hythe and Folkestone, &c. The deputation, having who appears to have somewhat ridiculed the au been introduced, were received with marked courtesy by thor's adventurous expedition. The following is a the gallant General. description of a Sunday church service in the open Mr. BROCKMAN, addressing Sir De Lacy Evans, said, ai r —I have been requested, in the name of the inhabitants We - were scarcely placed in position, before the loud of the united district of Hythe, Folkestone, and Sand- rush of round-shot from the fort was hear], again and gate, to present a congratulatory address to you upon again, in our cars, causing sundry dislocations of the your return to your native country, after a career in a square—the men gri nn i ng an d swa yi ng a b ou t a t eac h foreign land which, although bri e f, h a s b een b r illi an t and whirr in a kind ofjocular disorder. Nothing was left for patriotic. We have been a n xio us no t t o l o s e a moment it but to mov e off. So we took up our ground a few in doing honour to a gallant and distinguished officer, hundred yards lower down ; and here—though a fleecy and we confess ourselves gratified to find that the "Men little cloudlet, which announced its birth in a thunder of Kent' are first in the field, as they certainly yield to I clap, showed that a s h e ll b a d b urs t above not very noa e ein their admi r atio n o f y our bravery and patriotism. far off to our rear—the service was conducted to a close. I haVe for years been your intimate friend, end it is a Everybody, of course, stands upon these occasions subject of high gratification to me that, in every cons- throughout the coremory. To obviate fatigue, there pany of Englishmen, your name is received with expres. fore, the Litany and Communion are omitted. The sions of honour and exultation. We venture to ask you chaplain preached extemporaneously, and with so ex to honour us by accepting this sword, in testimony of I cellent a voice, that, though the wind was blowing his our admiration of the manner in which you have used surplice about, it did not drown his tones. I was amused its kindred weapons for more than half a century. After by his British sang field. Half his congregation might apologising for his want of eloquence in performing the p p erish round the walls cf Sebastopol before next church task he bed und e rt a ke n , M r - B roc k man rea d th e a d- dress as f o llows : parade—a theme which the threateni ng m i ss il es explod " TO GENERAL SIR DE LACY EVANS, K.C.8., 31. P ., &C . ins about him would h a ve s erve d sufficiently well to en "Sir,—We, the inhabitants of Hyth e , F o lk es t one , S an d- force—but he utterly disdained such obvi ous rhetoric. gate, Perhaps, indeed, it is considered unde s i ra bl e t o ma k e borough, take the opportunity your sojourn among us allusions of the kind ; and certainly they are too patent affords, to express our satisfaction that your health is suffi- to need much insisting on. At any rate, the reverend ciently restored to allow of your receiving our congratula- gentleman neither noticed the pyrotechnics in his sound tions on this occasion. practical sermon, nor in his own person ; b u t s t oo d w ith "We welcome you back with heartf e lt pl easure f rom h is back to the fort, and preached on some everyday the seat of war—a war maintained for the cause of justice teat, and never changed his voice, or turned his head, in and the independence of nations, accompanied, alas ! as it compliment to shot or shell." has been, by disease and privations, but borne with con- In his view of a battle, the writer was somewhat stancy and p a ti ence . It i s w ith pr id e ( m i ng l e d w i t h d eep grief for th e no bl e h ear t s th a t h ave th ro bb e d th e i r l ast i n disappointed : the gallant actions of the Alma, the heights of Tchernaya, "How any one, who has not somebody in the secrets and Inkerman) that wo have traced the passages of danger of the generals by his side to explain the movements, and death through which has shone conspicuously your can understand an affair of the kind is to me a mystery. energetic mind, self-abandonment in sickness to a tt en d the If a man is in the me le e h e on l y sees t h at. I f, on the call of duty, an d generous se lf-d en i a l i n th e h our o f v i c t ory. "We gratefully thank the Almighty Dispenser of All other hand, he is at a sufficient distance to take in the Good for yo ur sa f e re t urn t o E ng l an d, t o L a dy E vans , y our whole field, h e sees an array o f d ar k sparkling family, and friends, and trust that many years of peace and masses—now moving, now stationary— covere d w ith happiness (c rowne d as they must be by glorious recollec- smoke, or emerging from it. Finally, he sees a certain tions of difficulties and perils overcome during your portion of the whole marching away, perhaps in very long and brilliant career, and the consciousness of having good order. We will suppose at such a juncture that, deserved the gratitude of your country and the respect of by good luck, he really does know that the fight is de posterity) may still be in store for you, and may enable cided, and which party it is that is retreating, and that that country still further to be indebted to you for the he rejoices or laments appr o p r i a t e l y. N evert h eless, as councils which experience, so hardly obtained, must enable regards all the sudden eme rgenc i es, th e d ar i ng move "Honour us, you to furnish in the continued prosecuti o n o f h e r battl es . meats, and sagacious plans—all, i n f ac t , t h at g i ve t h e our esteem. t represents not the measure of your de- Sir, by accepting this outward token of battle its historical interest--our sp ec t a t or compre h en d s sorts nor our appr ec i a ti on o f y our wor th, no more of them, believe me, than y ou compr eh en d o f " Folkestone, Jan. 22." the znanceuvres of a review." The address baying been handed to Sir De Lacy After the battle of Inkerman, of which a full de- Evans, scription is given, the author remained, making a The gallant GENERAL said he could assure the gentle- sketch of the ground in circumstances of some men forming the deputation, and the inhabitants of the danger : district generally, that he felt most highly gratified at " the compliment which had been paid t o him. He be- My sketch of the ground was now c om pl e t e d , t h e lieved that all men felt pleasure i n v i s iti ng th e i r homes victory won, and I got up and prepa r ed f or my l ong after an absence in foreign countries, p ar ticul ar ly i n cri- trudge, so as to be in time for dinner o n b oar d th e --; tical times ; and it c e rtainly could n o t f a il t o a ff or d hi m but I had not walked many paces, wh en one o f our regi additional satisfaction to receive such a cordial welcome meats was brought forward past me, to fi re a t th e re on the very spot where he had landed. Mr. Brockm an treating foe. Stretchers were being carr i e d b e hi n d had spoken of his own want of eloquence. N ow , h e them. in carrying the wounded, I confess it gave me a ; and though I had seen these impl emen t s o ft en thought a soldier like himself had a better excuse to put used forth on that h e ad. O ne thing, however, h e cou ld sa y shock to see them borne close behind these so ldi ers — Mr. Brockm an p ossesse d—hi g h indepe n d ence . H e h a d now walking well and erect, their faces full i n my view sat beside him in the House of Commons for many years, —in anticipation l An anticipation soon realised. Di and he had more opportunities of kno w i ng hi s mer it s rectly they appeared there, the place where I h a d b een than even his constituents possessed. F or th e mar k o f lying seemed alive with round shot, throwing up the attention which had been shown to him he was grea tly dust in all directions ; while the stretcher bearers w e r e obliged, and its r e m em b rance wou ld b e b orne i n m i n d running here and there—l knew too we ll f or w h a t rea during his after life. He was self-complacent enough to know that the compliment was not intended for himself alone, but that it was also an exemplification of feeling for the gallant army with which he had the honour of serving. He had observed that great complaints were daily made of the manage ment of the war, and it was asserted that the war had made but slow progress. Now, he begged to differ with many on that point. He did not consider, under the circumstances, that the progress of the war had been slow, and he was sure the result would show the cor rectness of his opinion. No such war as that in which they were now engaged could possibly be finished in so short a time as some were unreasonable enough to ex pect ; particularly where such a country as England, with its small military strength, was not the aggressor. England was not a military power, and the aggressor in the present war was a very important military power, possessed of vast resources—one which always main tained a very large army, and was always prepared for war—if not, indeed, for aggressicn. Hence, at the sud den outbreak of the present hostilities, England had not been prepared with a large standing army. It was im possible we could always have a perfect war establish ment on a military scale. We had happily enjoyed 40 years of peace, and opinions would not admit of the con tinued maintenance of a large standing army. lie would recall to their minds the many wars in whisk this coun try had been engaged, and it would be found that the British forces seldom attained decisive success until at least a third campaign had set in. -He might instance the war which immediately followed the breaking out of the French Revolution. England was great and powerful as a commercial nation ; and he had no doubt that the present contest would be brought to a termina tion as decisive in its results as it would be glorious to British arms. The army sent to the Crimea, though young, had vindicated the honour of its country. There was no other army to send. It was young, but it had done its duty. Many mistakes in details had certainly occurred, but they had been the result of inexperience. No want of judgment, in his mind, had been evinced by any officer of that staff in which he had the honour of holding an humble post. Some battles had been fought in which our army had gathered glory, in alliance with the armies of France—an alliance be would pronounce the most devoted and loyal, and which the spirit of this country fully appreciated, Be again begged to return them his best thanks ; and at the present moment he almost wished he was not a soldier, as he might then have been a better orator. Having re turned home, however, he was glad to find that his bumble exertions had been considered deserving of ac knowledgn out, and again he thanked them from the bottom of his heart. "It did also occur to me (why will thoughts cross one at the wrong times ?) that, perhaps, it was lucky for a certain person that these poor fellows did not come up before—that had that happened, he might have pre sented himself at a particular nook of the Temple with a wooden leg ; but with no honours, no pension, to show for it—only sharp shafts of ridicule and—' Que, diable, allait-il faire dans Bette galare?' Ab, Ah ! you have lost that triumph." The author strongly combats the arguments against a red uniform, citing the fact that at the battle of Inkerman great inconvenience was felt from the English fighting in their grey great coats. No doubt, he observes, it is an inconvenience for troops to be seen plainly by an enemy, but it is a greater one not to be seen plainly by their own comrades. Great indignation at the conduct of the Russians appears to exist in the army : " You will have heard of the atrocities committed by the enemy on the wounded. As I returned from the field I met two or three hundred prisoners being taken into Balaklava, upon whom, as they passed, a ll ki n d s o f abuse were being l av i s h e d b y our men. I saw one of these Russians, in particular, signalise a private who was smoking to give him a light ; but it was refused, with the most hearty maledictions. Now, as vin dictive feeling towards the conquered is the very last sentiment that enter.] the breast of an English soldier, these aro symptoms of the extent to which the barbari ties in question are beginning.to inflame tho minds of our army. Let the irritation go on a little longer, and `quarter' will be unknown." A comparison is made between some of our arrange ments and those of our Allies. One great advan tage they possess appears to be the water-flask, which is a light tin vessel, with a funnel fur drink ing, whereas the canteen " with which the Englishman is afflicted" is wood, half-a-dozen times as heavy and without a funnel, although it costs twice the sum. There is, says the author, but one thing to be said for it—it dates from the days of Marlborough ! The French also have one cook for twelve, instead of every man being cumbered with cooking utensils. They bake their own bread, and General Canrobert recently distributed one clay's supply to every British soldier. Those who wish for a brief and vivid picture of the events and incidents of a camp life will find this little volume the most interesting that has yet appeared. The Life of Nicholas 1., Emperor of Russia, with a short account of Russia and the Russians. By T. Mayne. Longman: Some portions of this work have already appeared before the public, but it is now enlarged, and from different sources of information interesting accounts have been taken of the subject under notice. It is eminently calculated to augment the stock we at present possess of knowledge and details concern ing Russia. A great deal is written on the internal and domestic arrangements of the country ; the people appear barbarous and cruel ; the more inti mately they are studied, the more savage and un softened are their manners, the more harsh their customs, and the more uncivilised their lives. The military power of Russia is descanted upon; it is observed that fear is the ruling passion in the army, "the Russian soldier knows that if the enemy is before him the stick is behind him, in short, the fear of the stick replaces the sentiment of honour." The social state of the people may be judged of from the fact of the Czar's having un limited power to send off, without notice, the first minister or highest prince to Siberian exile, or to reduce them to the meanest position without any opportunity of defending themselves, or any hope of appeal from the arbitrary measure. The punish ments which are inflicted are of the most barbarous and inhuman description ; no ono who has perused the account of them will fail to be struck with horror and amazement. After such details and descriptions it must be a subject of rejoicing that the Government which sanctions and promulgates these observances will, in all probability, be checked in its evil course, and as it is here ob served, "we aro thankful that the talons of the Russian eagle, under which such barbarities may be practised, are about to be clipt." Institutes of Metaphysic. The Theory of Knowing and Being. By James F. Ferrier, A.B. Black wood. Whatever may be the author's success in these institutes, it is impossible to deny him credit for vigorous logic and independent thought. He is one of those who are not disposed to take anything M philosophy for granted, however high the autho rity under which it is advanced. Having stated at the outset of his introductory chapter that when using the word " Philosophy" by itself he means it to be accepted as synonymous with Metaphysics or speculative science, he lays down the proposition that a system of philosophy is bound by two main requisitions—it ought to be true, and it ought to• be reasomcd—and proceeds to show that the latter is the most stringent ; and that while a system em bracing both requisitions is the most valuable, that which is reasoned is more valuable than that which is true without being reasoned. Noticing the general complaint, that while we have plenty of dissertations on philosophy, we have no philosophy itself, he admits its truth, and endeavours to explain the cause, and to discover how the evil may be re medied. No inquirer, he asserts, has ever yet got to the beginning, and this is to be accounted for by the fact that things which are first in the order of nature are last in the order of knowledge ; and first principles being unknown, there can bo no advance, no system of philosophy. Having adverted to other retarding causes, including the tendency of late years to limit the strictly necessary truths of reason—i.c., truths iu laws—the opposite of which aro inconceivable, contradictory, nonsensical, im possible, the criterion of which is the law of identity or contradiction—he next applies himself to the question, " How is this unsatisfactory state of things to be remedied ?" His anwer is, only by a diligent attempt to digest a body of philosophical Experience of th e Re p po ie r k t of z. el T u tv es e t n . ty-o ß n y e A Ye l l a a r a s ' Menzies. Black wood. The above bequest was designed for elevating the character and position of the parochial schools and schoolmasters in the counties of Aberdeen, Banff, and Moray, and the present report, the third issued, got up at the request of the trustees by their clerk, has been put in circulation partly with a view to the benefit and nnprovement of the teachers and others, but mainly to describe the object of the trustees in the management and dis tribution of the funds, and the cause of that suc cess which, we are happy to find, has attended their administration. This would appear to b e a due recognition of the requirements of the scholars, and the possession of a mode of supplying them a creditable knowledge, in short, of the general sub ject and science of teaching. The following will meet with general concurrence : "A high moral tone is essential to the design of the school as a seminary of moral training. The k e y- no t e of the morality o f th e sc h o ol is the moral tone of the teacher. If that indicates a 'moral feeling not sensitive —not nicely scrutinising anything that does not assume the garb of undisguised vice—not shrinking from moral defilement in a classical form—even winking, it may be, at a conventional trenching upon the outworks of purity in language, which, although formally correct, is yet tainted with impurity in its origin and its suggestions— then will the seeds of corruption germinate quickly, and spring into rank and luxuriant growth. On the other hand, it is a beautiful spectacle, not to the view of the world surveying the surface, tint to those whose inte rests and opportunities induce and enable them to ex aminemshle,,k,,ih: , :p ahs n ., :q i f d ;:f reii : Onoh school, , t e o t impurity. moral tone ,= not in shrinks hortation and reproof merely, but declaring itself - in his" - whole bearing and conduct—especially in unconscious indications that vice and falsehood are evidently regarded as things not to be suspected. The pupil is thus taught not so much by injunction, as by infinitely more power ful influence, which strengthens his principle by a tacit appeal to his conscience, and brings into active energy the feeling on his part, that what is expected of him is the practice of that truth and purity to which his heart does reverence." The Roving Englishman in Turkey. Routledge. The " Roving Englishman" has already made the acquaintance of a large number of readers, partly through the medium of household Words, and partly from the collected form in which his sketches subsequently appeared. The present volume is reprinted in part from the serial men tioned, but a great portion of it is original. It gives a very lively and amusing description of the sights and scenes of an Oriental neighbourhood. The account he givesof an auction, which is taking place in a crazy shed outsido the town , presents a vivid pictu re o f th e l a i sser alter manner in which the Orientals conduct their affairs. After having disposed of some trifling article, the auctioneer ' desires repose, and sending for a na,rgilly, ho joins in the general discourse. Tile whole company, says the author, presenting a picture sufficiently striking and characteristic ; they have entirely forgotten why they assembled together, and arc idling their time in that slothfulness which is surely the root of all evil, and from which springs as cer tainly nine-tenths of their national disasters. Ho contemplates them for some time, and notices my sterious boys pulling about the things which are a bankrupt's property : " For the rest, I begin to understand also that the auctioneer is not likely to resume his labours for the pre sent ; the talk will go on till dinner-time ; then the talkers will disperse. To-morrow it is the Greek feast of the Forty Martyrs; on the following day it is the festival of Saint Somebody ; the next day it is the Turkish Sabbath (our Friday) ; the next it is Satur day, the Jewish Sabbath ; then comes Sunday ; no body likes to do anything, particularly on Mon day, while Tuesday and Wednesday are both saints' days ; on Thursday everybody will stay at home sobering, and then again follow the three Sun days ! -By this time I know very well that everybody will have forgotten all about the sale, just as much as if it had been an affair of the last century ; should they remember it, I am not quite clear that the matter will be mended. The bankrupt's goods aro in a ruined shed ; they will not be locked up, they will be nailed up. To morrow morning, or the morning afterwards, the shed will be found open ; something will be said about a robbery ; this will supply a great deal of energetic talk, and afford an excellent opportunity of abusing the Turkish authorities." Knowledge is Power. By Charles Knight. John Murray. A valuable work ; one which young men enter ing on life especially should purchase and read with attention. Here will be found a comprehensive but not too minute view of th e p ro d uct i ve forces of• modern society, and the results of labour, capital, and skill, and this present e d i n a very attractive manner. The notion which deters many from the study of political economy, viz., th a t it i s neces sarily dry and uninteresting, is s h own t o b e a cr eature of the imagination and not a reality. The book is really interesting. Charles Fox even, who said he could not underst an d Adam Smith, would have found no difficulty with its contents. It is founded ou two little works written by the author more than twenty years ago, and extensively bliscir culated. One of these, " Th e R esu l ts of Ma chinery,"was for the puhed i n connex i on w i th the Society Diffusion of Useful Knowledge at a period of great national alarm, when the agri cultural labourers of the southern districts were led to acts of violence by a bli n d rage ar i s i ng f rom a mistaken dread of injury to their interests from the use of a novel power. " Now," the author remarks, " that spirit is h app il y passed away ; a spirit of knowledge has arisen, and we are told, by an unquestionable authority, that labourers them selves begin to regard th e t e di ous wor k o f the flail as too irksome. The same class that in IS3O broke the threshing machines." Of course, in remodelling this part of the present vo lume,nsof. o c a f t p h i as he did then, the evils of hostility to machinery. Mr. Knight to urge now, it was necessary for employed. himself more satisfae litoreilhyasintahnetriectiopraetlng its more complete union with skilled labour, as the triumph of the productive forces of modern society. In the other work upon which the present volume is founded, "Capital and production of wealth— i s .here carried forward, and general subject—the distribution of wealth are. not overlooked, as the the general and labour in the mistakes about production have yielded in a great degree to improved education ; so Mr. Knight, not unwarrantably, feels confident. these which the generalLabour, ' 'th r e el a argu ment tlo be long to distribution also will yield to the progress of information. Knowledge . is .power, and, on the right appreciation of the principles which govern society there can be no doubt will d epend much of the security and happiness of our own and the coming time. This fact gives the vo l ume before us a value, and its lucid and popular style renders its circulation among the young desirable. It is em bellished with a great number of new woodcuts, illustrative of mechanical inventions. The author has a very lowopinion of the Greeks, of whom ho gives a number of sketches. Their duplicity, falsehood, and cunning appear almost hopeless. Nothing can be done with them with out the influence of fear ; they are not amenable to kindness, for they do not believe in it. Of course, never tolling the truth themselves, they never trust others ; and this state of things is very awkward and disagreeable to those not accustomed to such crooked ways. Our traveller is of opinion that much good might be done by reforming our embassies. Australia and its Gold _Fields. 1 3y Edward H missioner of Crown Hargraves. Ingram and Co. o b v is ernme n t the sum t Forhe Government an account of the recent gold discove ri es , La T n h d i s s in subect on which the author is eminently q ual i f ied to j work Ne w i s s b o y u t t h h e w. late e Wales, Command gives speak, having been himself the first to d raw attention t o th e vas t important dis coveryof 10,0001. He takes a brie f review o f t h e disco very of gold from the earliest ages, commencing with the classic authors, g i v in g an acco un t o f th e Spanish conquests in America, and the quantities of gold extorted by Pizarro from the unfortunate Inca of Peru. The narrative of the discovery of gold in California is as follows c-- " Captain Suttor had received from the Mexican Go vernment a very large grant of land, I think 60,000 acres, on condition of his settling there, and introducing agriculture, and endeavouring to civilise the Indians in his immediate vicinity. Ile chose for his site the spot where now stands the city of Sacramento. There he built the fort, and, from the first, succeeded very well. His hind ran back from the river to the spurs of the Sierra Nevada, where there was abundance of timber. " In 1848 many Americans came overland to spy out the country and settle in it, which induced Captain Suttor to erect a saw-mill, for the purpose of supplying the newly-arrived emigrants with timber, and probably of sending some to Monterey also. For this purpose he required an engineer, and hearing of one Marshall, a person from New South Wales, at St. Diego, Captain Suttor sent, for him, and gave him the needful inetrec tions. When the works were 80 far advanced as to 'low the mill being set going; it 7 1 _a (l i B Qover44 . that the " Let our attaclds be chosen from men who have al ready distinguished themselves, and perhaps need a little repose ; from our rising barristers of acknowledged abi lity, who might study foreign laws from so advantageous a position, and who, by comparing them with our own, might often introduce most important ameliorations on their return. Let us now and then send an eminent physician, longing fora year's travel, to inquire into the treatment of diseases abroad. Let us send sometimes an engineer, an artist, a skilful soldier who has drawn all eyes upon him in our Indian wars, whose opinion night be of untold value in time of war, and who might pick up a thousand improvements for our army which escape the flying visits of royal dukes ; or an author, who is a national honour to us, and whose genius fills the world. "Let us be represented abroad as we really are, and in our best colours—not as a nation of mountebanks and fiddlers. Let us have really respectable embassies, which may help to advance the progress of science and civilisation all over the world; which may carry the healthy genius of our land from one hemisphere to another, and bring us back numberless benefits in re turn. We might thus lay the salaries of our servants out at precious interest. _ "What stores of useful information—not only to the Government, bit to the public—might bo gleaned by really able and useful men attached to our diplomatic establishments ; by draughtsmen ' surv e yo rs , engineers, physicians, soldiers, lawyers, a n d scholars. "Our embassies might be much more Numerous than they are. At Paris, Vienna, Constantinople, Berlin, Naples, Madrid, we could hardly have tuo many clear headed hard-working men ; while such n farce as our missions at Hanover, Stuttgardt, Dresden, &c., ought to be done away with at once ; their places to be supplied by chargc's d'ufaires with 1,0001. a year, not too proud to attend to their business. His description of life, and the value of general articles in Constantinople presents som novelties : "The fact is, that, to a who has not really sonic thin; to do, who is not doing it all (!ay long, so as to be absolutely indifferent about all ether things, Constan tinople is most intolerable, and most other Turkish towns are worse. There are no theatres or public amusements, nothing but the weariest Italian opera ever dreamed of by a hypochondriac ; it is dark, and cold, and dirty, and filled with noisy young Perotes, who arc all in love with the Prima Donna (nsually 4S), and show it with an intemperate indiscretion almost worthy of a British ambassador. There are no exhibitions, no field sports ; there is nothing at all, in fact, but anti quity-hunters in difficulties, and a few noisy parties of young men ; with all this I suppose Constantinople is at this moment the most expensive place in all Europe to Jive in, 11012.0 Wt . t 149 43.94 t ramrod of the 99ubilzooracy 9f Ruth Hall. A Tale of the Present Day. By Fanny Fern. This is a very interesting story. Its authoress is already well known to the reading public by the publication of several little sketches and short nar ratives ; but this is the first long composition on which she has ventured. It is successful in what it undertakes to achieve—the details of a gifted being struggling with hard and bitter circum stances. Forsaken by her own family, and mo lested by her husband's relatives, a widow without a friend in the world, her young children cryinrr for bread, and her former acquaintances ignorin t ; her existence, Ruth Hall had a dreary time of it indeed, and truly exemplified in her career, " They learn in suffering what they teach in song." It would have been sad enough to know that while her writings wore arousing interest and exciting sympathy through the length and breadth of the land, she was almost starving, and her children on the brink of death from sustaining sufferings and privations unsuited to their tender years ; yet the severest trial, the wormwood mingled with the gall, was to feel and think that her relations were in luxury, and left her to perish. At last, how ever, she was triumphant, and man y w h o h a d ad ' mired her for some time contrived to make some more advantageous plans for her benefit. It is satisfactory to meet with the difficulties into which the cruel grandmother and crafty brother are plunged at the end, when Ruth is discovered to be the successful writer, and their sot in society, before whom they have tried to appear grand and circumspect, overwhelm them with awkward ques tions as to why they had let their relative remain in such distress and obscurity. Their unkindness was forgotten by Ruth, who gave them up, a 3 sho had been given up by them. She left the world, which had been so hard to her, and which now offered her the chaplet of fame, to mourn at the grave of the husband of her youth. It was a respite to her to have leisure to weep. " Hushed, holy, and unprefancd was this Sabbath of the dead." According to accounts from Odessa, stated to be de rived from official sources and documents, the total number of men put hors de combat, from the 28th of September (exclusive consequently of the defeat of the Alma) to the 27th of December, does not exceed 26,763, including prisoners taken, and deaths from disease or other causes not resulting from wounds. The following are the details : Killed, or died of wounds 7,301 \\rounded 13,826 Pri,on,rs Died of cUs.:,ase, accident, &sc. Total 0 6,763 No ate, supposing this ('etail to bo correct—which many reasons conduce to believe is not the case—two items more arc to be added, which will considerably swell the tots', and bring it infinitely nearer ill& calculations made in previous numbers of our journal, First comes the lost at the Alma, which in Prince Menselukoll's report was given at 1,762 killed, and 2,7°0 wounded and contused ; or a total of 4,482. But not a doubt exists that this return, which also omitted prisoners taken, was far beneath the true loss, and that upwards of 6,000 men were absent from roll- i call on the day following the defeat. Secondly, t is evident that the above details relate to the losses of the troops, and do not include those of the navy and marines, which the Russian Naval Magazine gives at 3,863, up to the 29th of Nov. But as the sailors and marines have been mainly exposed to fire in the fortress batteries, and have taken a prominent and honourable share in sorties since the last-mentioned date, it may be fairly affirmed that their loss, including deaths by disease, down to the 27th of December, has fallen little short of 4,500 men. The detail, then,.would stand thus : Yet sho had much to be grateful for, and as sho looked at the grave she remembered that, if she were summoned away herself, other friends would protect her children than their cruel and natural guardians. "As the carriage rolled from under the old stone gateway a little bird startled from out its leafy nest, trilled forth a song as sweet and clear as the lark's at heaven's own blessed gate. Accept the omen, dear Ruth, said Mr. Walter, life has much of harmony yet in store fur you." Who's Who in, 1855. Seventh Year. Baily Losses at tho Alma, of all kinds 6,000 Ditto, from Sept. 28 to Dcc. 27 26,763 Ditto of navy, from Oct. 17 to Dec. 27 4,500 Brothers. 37,263 The strongest possible grounds exist meantime for calculating the tail losses, under the divers heads given in the first detail, of more than 40,000 men, of whom at least three-fourths—that is, 30,000 men—have not re joined, or cannot rejoi n . Indeed, if we look at the official paper returns of the strength of battalions when marching from Bessarabia, or even when preparing for action in the Crimea, and compare them with the number declared to have been brought into action when defeat has ensued, it is incontestable that there exists a difference is minus of from 30 to 40 per cent. Thus the battalions of the 6th corps (16th and 17th divisions), and others at the Alma, 1,000 strong on paper, were officially declared. not to have exceeded 700 ; and the battalio ns o f the 4th and 6th corps, likewise 1,000 on paper, not to have mustered more than 600 when going into action at In kf-rinan. We therefore repeat that if the Russians them selvea admit their losses in men put hors &combat by sword and sickness to amount to 35,108, it may safely beaffirmed that our calculation of 40,000 is rather under than above the lowest amount. Taking, however, the Russian returns as a basis for calculation, and dividing the amount by the number of days (from the 24th of Sep. tQiuher to the 27th of December inclusive), the result will give a diurnal loss of 369. In a former calculation we gave the daily wear and tear at 400 since the opening of the campaign and siege. R uss i an statements them selves go prove the appr ox i ma t e correctness of our s. It m ay b e added that the Russians admit a csea l livc es ie s sia of 580 officers, including 140 naval. This is a very useful publication, there being in formation of the most varied kind. An almanack is given, a list of the Members of both Houses with their political bias, the number of registered elec tors, &c. ; also those of the Privy Council in Eng land and Ireland. The Directors of the Bank of England, the Police Commissioners and Magis trates, the Judges, &c., are notified, and innume rable items of intelligence are conveyed to those who seek details on the public institutions, offices, and appointments. A valuable work of reference is thus presented, and those who pertise. it atten tively will estimate the vast amount of labour and. research that must have been expended in its compilation. This is the seventh year i of its exist ence, which circumstance proves that t has given satisfaction hitherto by its skilful arrangem en t and multifarious subjects. GENERAL BENEVOLENT ASSOCIATION.—The seventh annual meeting of this Association took place last even. ing at the Lonon Tavern, to receive the report of the committee, to elect officers for the ensuing year, and on general business. This society has been established for the purpose of affording timely relief to persons in die. tress (without regard to distinction of religious creed) in order to encourage them to have recourse to their own exertions, as means of escaping the miseries of abject indigence, and of restoring themselves to a respectable social position. TAE LATE GENERAL SIR ANDREW P. BARNARD, G.C.B. and G.C.H.—Yesterday was appointed for the funeral of the Licut.-Governor of Chelsea Hospital. The funeral took place shortly after 10 o'clock, Gen. Vis count Ifardinge, the Commander-in-Chief, and the other mourners and friends of the deceased, assembling at the college about that hour. The whole of the pensioners formed a line from the Lieut.-Governor's residence to the Chapel, through which the funeral procersion moved. The body of the deceased grnr'ral was preceded by the custo mary attendants and followed by the chief mourners,— Charles 3 or- General Yorke, s, Maj Smith, Colonel Hamilton, the Hon. Ge or g e O Calla.p.n, an d M r. , Brigadier-Gen e ral Cranf or d, M r . :Stewart Bruce, Mr. Cockerel!, end Sir Hervey Bruce. Next follow e d General Viscount Ilardinge, Lieuten a n t -Gener al 11ro• therton, Lord ' r o A r e k a e l , e L Ea ie tl i t it -C e ; :a n rt c i l it i 3ml Lyon. The other rumirneri in the procession were 1G pensioners of the Rifles who had four, , ht under the ga !ant deceased, and shared the dangers and honours of many a s anguinary conflict. TUE LAM' LORD FREDERICK FITZCLARENCE.—Soutb ampon, Monday.--! reLnains of the late Governor of Bombay, which arrived at this port this day by the Pen insular and Oriental Company's steam-ship Indus, were received at the dock quay by Lord Atdol bus p 1 itzelarence, the Earl of Falkland, the Hon. Mr. Boyle, and a deputa tion of respect from Portsmouth consisting of Dr, Rolph and Mess rs . Emmanuel, H o lli ngs worth, and Simpson. The body of the gallant general on its landing was re moved to a warehouse in the docks, where it awaits its transmission to Etal-house, the late lord's seat in North. umberland, preparatory to interment in the family y.teult I.IA that ueigtibourhooi. Wearyfoot Common. By Leitch Ritchie. Bogue. This is an interesting and well-written story, relating the struggles and adventures of an unaided youth to obtain an independence in London. He i s discovered in the mist on Woaryfoot Common, and adopted by Captain Semple, a kind-hearted and simple-minded man, who affects great rough ness and severity of deportment. Tim course of events, though not depriving Robert Oaklands of his patron, prevent him from assisting him in his establishment in life, and Robert betakes himself to London to discover if, on the Wearyfoot Com mon of world, he can find any path that will lead him to competence and distinction. His adventures are various, the most remarkable being his acquaint ance with Sir Vivian Falcontoiror, awl his daughter Claudia, a very uncommon young lady. At length he succeeds in his endeavours, and obtains his well merited reward. The moral of the story is excel lent ; it shows the success of perseverance and high principle. The characters arc very diversified and well drawn. Robert is a very attractive hero from his straightforward and resolute disposition, aLd his nobleness of mind and superiority to the acci dents of birth and fortune. Sara, the nieco of his protector, is also a very charming heroine ; and ate old captain himself, with his apparent fierceness and real kindness and gentleness of heart, s ecures the reader's interest. His sister is almost too stiff and sententious to be natural. Claudia Falcon tower is the character of the book—that is to say, she is the most peculiar and original portrait ; but gie does A9t awaken the iutemt, though §lie 14. ~UN ISI IMENT IN THE NAVY. 4Sts7erY gratifyin g to observe in the return of punish -(S Pe navy of 199 ships of war, from January to tg o ' 4 , lately published by order of the House of ,411111:', that in the following ships, amounting to 84 " t iotl uot a single lash was inflicted during that No. of Taltu t Guns. 1,5 41 1 1 / 4 41k4. ** .... ........ 60 i•tilteto .. '•••• • • • • .... , Apoll o ...... . ...... 3 l: ni3oest i .. .... ... ....... 0; art131111(10 • ••• •• • •• • ..... . e4leuttl •• • '"' ••• -• • • arad o , C sA r % l i on • • • • • • • • • ............ C 14 1:41) ? ••• • . ............. . 36 votilet 4 ..... ••. • • • ....... 6 Cot itla '••••• • • • • • ......... 3 resteilp e ••• • . ............ . 14 ••••• • • • . ......... 6 ....... . ..... Da t i;" 4 "6 ••. .... 80 ..... ..... 8 e r •••• . .. . ...... • D!bra "••• • • ." ............ ,;34•••••• ........... ................. lo o r re ....... ............ ~... el r l 4ll.d able ••• • • ...... lie •• " •• " • ...... 4 ••• • • ... ~ crai 11 ,_ ............... 1104yer.... ................ 21 111: 4 4 ?••• •• • ................... 17 Itlipterl°llB • • ............ 26 ;44st r::ble ............ 104 clef •••••• ..... 2 4,,4jlCat) le ........ .141_ I gkto r ... 3 tatii4ol4 ..a..tt ..................... 91 ightting• •• • • ............ 26 • ............ 3 ....... •• • ...... e4 td . ... 12 er " • • Name of • No. o Ship Chit s Majestic . Mariner Medea 6 Myrmidon Naiad Pandora Penelope l6 Pheenix Plut ). Poietiers • .......... -...... .... ••• 84 Porcupine Powerful B4 President 5O Prometheus 5 Princess Royal . 9l Resistance Resolute 2 Rbadamanthus Rosamond 6 Royal William . 120 St. Vincent 102 Sampson Saracen Serpent l2 Sharpshooter 8 Shearwater Sphinx 6 Simootn. 8 Spitfire Talbot Tartarus 4 Tenzer .... ...... 84 Torch Tortoise Tyne B4 Vengeance 4 Victoria and Albert Volcano 3 Vulcan Water witch 8 Wellesley 72 ) Wolverine . h . , 11 Y t` ~ tlNr'Va4sieLtrrivali of the Peninsular and fromOrientalCoNsm,e es-'` .811iP Indus at Southampton yesterday, i inclusive. - , sll - G ibraltar to the 16th en, ~_ (1 1 , 6 o sc ,:rit e t:I stea m - transports had the 3d instant, kir . ' eo: athe Crimea :—On att in iv s e t d an at , ammunition . Gibraltar, the lltb,irry 4 , 4 3's from Falrnouth, with Foyle, with wooden with ,loti.tta,dy .L.,Jr.FB ; 6th, days from Woolwich,thirteen ,i,„.."11 ari;`:'allnton, s ix., Black Prince, . 44'14' N IT , ' L o ngo uniti , on • a besieging train itlie,lethinn, with part of ton from Southamp Len ,_ tie s, hot . .1 :Union, nine days 4.„,e . ' t n G • t Northern, 14 days from fit , o, , lea h Prince of and 13t , ma y'tetZt s ii , set e ` 4. 4 (l e a rn ritt stores Lon ; on, London, with Lady "ilw" Alice tt:414:14d aavviYess far ta ßalaklava. The avvies, 44 4 n ' dine da London, with 50 n s and Car go or ' rom .4 en,„.:nes, crane • Gib tort raft of ' railway sleepei., g' left G .h4t tools for the L'alakla,va , railwa ys erial yacht 4T•eiee°,! the 10th instant. The French Imp ..ng tort eorte rn rlBe, which accompanied the with li trans- French lists tl, --tan Gib Southampton, laden wi coals. After kteeeijil‘ hito Gibralt the 10th inst. for Sea. leg . ar on . t for 'the Black , h ," Ai 4,°n,PPly, she sailed direct St. Jean d Acre rut int J,„'s'Y B so ew line -of-battle ship • • 19th inst., t v L itl l 4° :,sibralierr for coals on the night of the -, a num b r (444x:4Generals Rokeby and Burnard, an d Td of •, ' board, Whops belongin to different regiments, on Crimea. T he et taar desti g ed to join the army in the tlr on , 41- atatraiißpo t nth, s arrived at Gibral • 0 of 1'44:4141g Of therl6 th s w P i e t r h u. Bo navvies and a carg ~T11,5Y-,,4l4ehinery for the Crimea, in s tea 4.• re no , S tinelle left ). .Go emu:lent steam-sloop ell h, On t,,llol3thf°l' the Ea; th morning of the 1 t "br t" 4 stro °rl e • tor about 48 h(urs at ti kita r lag easterly wind blew. „ many s hi ps de em for , and prevented the sailing or and the van -0114 tr a , the Crirnen. It abated, however, Iter il2Trts left during . the night. . wasGib at r44a, la i e stfs lite , f •-• t Retribution 1 with 14)() Ii r t fl ; " the Inr ' s - I l lga a bou„d for En land With q 6- .nvalided troopsue:: board. The steamero, wines hn•°:ft'rement stores, and a large quantity I Fund t , ) the i•;_rits, as eontribut• ns from ' the Patriotic in the o!!' and wounde :Scutari and for the soldiers 'lrnea, arrived t Gibraltar on the 15th inst. Qa current thilin enl'ivre GILBERT. A rumour has been n_ p4..(f,tile week that John Gilbert, inn' who was l'ctm c e n t-As il°P feh,4o42l,quartei: sessions upon . several indictments brought i,elf,"e tleh:lY receiving stolen od, is to be rumour 1. 4 ted ~ neli upon a charg e of murder. . fellow con t, 1 ) , "Pon a communtearion made by hie iSsti e s ,` l ' v z 'Y, to the 'over o 4 of the gaol and the visiting . ,f4ntie,,i.,"rnPuting to Gilbertilr than one charge of in "avt,:e. At presen pnlotr. more tion rests entirely upon 1)1 44 a , ;111,11spported statlenml e n 4, but we learn th!.t is t t l o ie . kepett7;ll unclergo investigation by the police. —Br 1 GIBRALTAR. `~. ~......"' GENERAL SIR DE LACY EVANS, K.C.R THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVEN LITERATURE. institutes which shall be both true and reasoned, and he does not regard success as impossible. Having exhibited thus far the general views of the writer, we may Row state that in the scheme or institute submitted in this volume to the public these views are endeavoured to be car ried into effect, and while far from disclaiming its pretensions to being both true and reasoned, the author rests its claims to consideration rather on its being a system of demonstration than a system of truth. He then proceeds to state that his sys tem will be found of a very polemical character, the reason of which is a philosophy only exists to correct the inailvertencies of man's ordinary think ing. This system, antagonistic to natural think ing, is also, he alleges, antagonistic to psycholo gical doctrine, which he broadly affirms does all in her power to ratify rather than correct the inad- Tertencies of ordinary thought. What philosophy has to do is negatively to correct these inadver tencies and to refute psychology, and positively to establish truth in their place. This being the work of the philosopher, how does the author of the " Institute set about it ? He lays down ne cessary truths and laws in distinct propositions, facing each iu a counter proposition the contra dictory inadvertency of ordinary opinion, and plays them off against each other in order to elicit and establish truths. The propositions and their demonstrations constitute the text or staple of the book, and are th e " I nst i tute of M etap h ys i cs. " Each proposition is followed by a series of obser vations and explanations, in many of which we are shown the points where the lesser controversies of philosophy deviate from the main stem. The " Institute" is divided into three main sections : —the epistomology, or theory of knowing ; the agniocology, or theory of ignorance ; and the ontology, .or theory of being. On the matter of these sections we have, neither time nor space to comment. We can only submit the following statement and notice of the doctrine of "innate ideas." " Rightly understood the doctrine of innate ideas is merely another form of expression for the initial principle of these Institutes. From an accurate observation of the fact in regard to knowledge, we learn that every cognition, or per ception, or idea, consists, and must consist, of two heterogeneous parts, elements, or factors, one of which is contributed from within, belongs to the mind itself, and hence is said to be innate; the other of which is contributed from without, and hence may be said to be extranate, if such a word may be coined, or of foreign extraction. . . above all others to be attended The circumstance, to n comingth e t n o , a right comprehension of the theory is, that the word innate is never to be understood in reference to ideas, but only is reference to a part of every idea, and that neither is the word foreign, or acquired, or extraneous, ever to be understood iu reference to ideas, but only in reference to a part of every idea. There are thus no innate ideas and no extranate ideas, but every idea of cognition has an element which is innate and an element which is not so ; every cognition, in short, is both inn a t e an d extranate— an d priori a n d an consideration, of course, fixes extranate— is so s s y tth n e re t is h oe e r s i i s p elementsac r o t n . s ti This d e cno bynsi considered apart from each other) as necessarily unknowable and contra dictory." Mr. Ferrier, who, by the way, is severe on Reid, is Professor of Moral Philosophy and Political Economy, St. Andrews. race was not sufficiently deep ; whereupon Marshall ordered the Indians to dig it deeper. Whilst this was in course of doing, the water being very clear, Marshall's attention was attracted here and there to several bright specks, which he could plainly see at the bottom of the water. These he at first took up, carelessly, between his thumb and finger, and threw away again, thinking no thing of the matter. Next morning, however, he saw a great many more specks, some much larger than the others; and imagining thatit might be gold, he collected some dozen of scales, which he forthwith took to the fort, where he found the captain at tea. Anxious to know the captain's opinion, he at once produced what he had found ;—and gold it proved to be. Now, amongst the newly-arrived emigrants, there happened to be an old Georgia gold-miner, who, when he heard of the discovery, hastened off with others to the spot, made a cradle, and set to work. Many others did the same. Thus commenced gold digging in California. The Georgia miner taught the people in the first instance how to obtain the gold by washing, but for which, in all probability, notwithstanding what had been found of it, the story of its discovery might have passed away and become a mere idle tale, like that of the shepherd who found gold near Wellington, in New South Wales, 13 years ego; for neither Captain Sutter nor 'Mr. Marshall knew how to obtain it except by picking it up with their fingers." The author having come to the conclusion, from various reasons, that gold mines existed iu Aus tralia, set out from Sydney, and travelled to Guy ong, in whose neighbourhood he was to make the first experiment. The particulars of his expedition and its success are thus related : "After resting one day at Guyong, on the 12th of February I started thence, accompanied by young Lis ter. Our course was down the Lewes Pond Creek, a tributary to the Summer Hill Creek, which again is a tributary of the Macquarie River. After travelling a distance of about 15 miles, I found myself in the coun try that I was so anxiously longing to behold again. My recollection of it had not deceived me. The re semblance of its formation to that of California could not be doubted or mistaken. I felt myself surrounded by gold ; and with tremulous anxiety panted for the moment of trial, when my magician's wand should transform this trackless wilderness into a region of countless wealth. " Still one difficulty seemed to present itself. There had been an unusual drought during the summer, which was now drawing to a close, anti the creek, where we then were, was completely dried up. My guide, how ever, in answer to my inquiries, told me that we should find water lower down ; so, following its course, we soon fell in with some rocks which contained a sufficient supply. ire new turned out our horses ; and seated ourselves on the turf, as it was necessary to satisfy the cravings of hunger before I ventured on thy grand experiment. Had that failed, but little appetite for food would have been left me. "My guide went for water to drink, end, after making a hasty repast, I told him that we were now in the gold fields, and that the gold was under his feet as he went to fetch the water for our dinner. He stared with incre dulous amazement, and, on my telling him that I would now find some gold, watched my movements with the most intense interest. My own excitement, probably, was far more intense than his. I took tho pick and scratched the gravel off a schistose dyke, which ran across the creek at right angles with its side ; and, with a trowel, I dug a panful of earth, which I washed in the water-hole. The first trial produced a little piece of gold. Here it is !' I exclaimed ; and I then washed five panfuls in succession, obtaining gold from all but one. "No further proof was necessary. To describe my feelings at that eventful moment would be impossible. What I said on the instant—though, I must admit, not warranted as the language of calm rnflection— has been since much laughed at. And though my readers may renew the laugh, I shall not to hesitate to repeat it, be cause, as it was the natural and impulsive expression of my overwrought feelings at the moment, so is it the -only account I can now give of what those feelings were. " I exclaimed to my is a memorable day in the history of New South Wales. I shall be a baronet, you will be knighted, and my old horse will be stuffed, put into a glass-case, and sent to the British Museum.' "At that instant I felt myself to be a great man. I was as mad, perhaps, at the moment, as Don Quixote was his life through ; and, assuredly, my companion was as simple as Sancho Panza—for the good youth after wards told me, he expected I should obtain for him the honour I had promised. " On our return that night to the inn at Guyong, I wrote a memorandum of the discovery, which I after wards gave to the Colonial Secretary, as a memorial of the great event." A brief history of the discovery of Australia itself is given, and an account of its various discoverers. The description of the different methods of work- ing for gold is curious. The writer also gives his opinion on the land question, and an interesting account of the rise and progress of the colony. NG, JANUARY 23, 1855. Britain, none but the closest connections of the very finest old Whig families, who have the very warmest berths under Government, at all make head against the ex_penso of it. Coals are more than eighty shillings per ton ; corn has been recently imported from Eng land ; houses cost more than in Belgravia or May Fair : the price of clothes is fabulous. " The commonest necessaries of life have risen to a price which is the dismay of every one. My dinner, a slice of fish and a chop, with a pint of beer, costs me ss. a day, without the waiter; my breakfast, a couple of eggs and two small rolls, cost me exactly 1/. 12s. a week ; tea, butter, and sugar, are extra. Common French wine costs nine or ten shillings a bottle (at hotels) ; the Broussa wine costs about 3s. 6d. ; but it is not good the second day after it has been opened. The wages of servants are in the same proportion. I have half a servant, which costs me about 3/. a month, and the gentleman who has the other half of him pays more. Grooms' wages are about five pounds a month : horse-keep dearer than in England : furniture bad, in elegant, and expensive. Nearly everything, however, being imported, and most of the tradesmen only coming here for a few years, to snake money enough to set up Europe, there is little need to continue the catalogue. I paid eight shillings the other day for a pair of gloves, and forty-two francs for a ruling-whip that would have cost about five shillings in London or in Riris. One hotel-keeper tild me that he had made twenty thousand p,mnds within the past year : another :aid this was not true ; but they must be almost coining money, for they have it all their own way; and at any of the good hotels it is quite a favour to get a place at the dinner-table though the cost is considerably more than at the hotels in Paris, and would kill a German Gastwirdt on the Rhine with sheer envy." This very entertaining volume of sketches suc ceeds in portraying vividly Oriental life and man ners, and in conveying a clear idea of the customs of the people. Respecting Greece, and the Greeks too, much information may be obtained ; and the readers will probably coincide in the hope that " the Englishman " may rove yet further, and give us tho result of his wanderings in a similar volume. Tit for Tat. By a Lady from New Orleans U.S. Clarke and Beaton. This work !s intended as a ma t c h f or "U nc l e Tom's Cabin,' in which intention, we may be al lowed to say without prejudice, it very signally fails. If the good old rule be true, that the party who first loses their temper in an argument be in the wrong, then certainly Mrs. Julia T--- has a very bad case. It is intended to revenge the " insult " offered to the proprietors of the Southern States by Mrs. Stowe, and the object is thus ele gantly set forth :—" However abundantly the Eng lish aristocracy may choose to moisten their French cam brics over the tinsel pages of an American romance, the facts contained in the following pages will prove how much more ready the Britishers are to shed tears over our faults than to attempt the more Christian correction of their own." This Christian correction Mrs. T--- has kindly under taken for us, and very strongly sets forth how much worse it is for cr i me an d ill- usage to go on in opposition to the laws, than "in accordance with the laws of our land." The great point of the book is the chimney-sweeping, and it is somewhat curious to notice how often the authoress alludes to the "slavery," cruelty, and injustice of such. cases. No doubt grave faults exist in the execu tion and evasion of this and similar laws, but we maintain that to have a law against them is some thing, and that we are more likely to amend such evils by courting inquiry, and having Parliamen tary committees on the subject, than if we shut our eyes to facts, declared everything we had ever said, thought, or done on the subject the best that could be said, thought, or done, and lectured our neighbours. How proving us in the wrong, proves the slaveholders in the right, it requires perhaps American logic to explain. But why should this attack bo made on us ? It was an American, not au English lady, that produced Uncle Tom. Had not the fair authoress better lecture her own coun trymen and women first ? It is to the credit of the Americans that so many of them see plainly the right ; and, as an eminent writer has observed, it is impossible to change on such a subject. No conscientious person ever became converted by the advocates of slavery. They may uphold it because they have grown up with it, and have never rea soned on the subject ; but if an enlightened Euro pean were suddenly to stand forth as its advocate, what should we think ? No doubt the present writer considers herself triumphantly revenged for the blow her cause received ; but the day of enlightenment is coming, though slowly, when we may hope to see her and such as her confess their mistake. Till then let us not emulate their acri mony, but pity their error, while we despise their arguments. cites the attention ; and though one may easily believe in the powers of fascination ascribed to her, her lonely and unloved position is not to be won dered at. We could have wished that Robert had owed his final good fortune to other means than those of Claudia and her father. It would have been more consistent with the moral of the story„ as well as more probable ; for Government appoint ments are not so readily bestowed on the unkaown and untitled. If Robert had more directly achieved his own fortune it would have better carried out the idea of the triumphant results of indomitable perseverance. The story originally appeared in the pages of Rouse/told Words, and we are sure all who read it there will be glad to see it again in its pre• sent form. The Second Edition of the New Practice of the _High Court of Chancery. By Henry Jarman. This work will prove a valuable addition to the library of the lawyer. The author has ably arranged his work, which presents at a view the Various pro ceedings in a suit now requisite to be taken under the new system. The present edition contains much important practical information, and includes the statute conferring indemnity on executors in the admin istra,tien of assets with the several trus tees, and Charitable Trust Acts, and the decisions there -under. Mr. Jarman has also judiciously. added a mas t er l y treat i se upon miscellaneous sub jects of practice, comprising the proceedings relat ing to bills of di scovery, foreclosure, interpleader, specific performance, issues at law, and special cases, besides a copious index and a variety of other useful matter, eminently ca l cu l ate d to ass i st the practitioner or student in the discharge of his duty. The work throughout has been executed with great care and ability, and we commend it to the notice of our professional readers. Literary Papers. _By the late Professor Edward Forbes, F.R.S. Lovell Reeve. A melancholy interest attaches to this selection of papers from the Literary Gazette, owing to the premature decease of the gifted and highly-distin guished author. The selection, however, does not need any extraneous aid, having originality of thought, humour, and kindliness of tone, with other obvious merits, to recommend them. They consist chiefly of reviews of works on natural his tory, of books of travel, and of narratives of ex• ploratory expeditions. Familiar Fables. By Miss Corner. Dean and Co. Miss Corner is well known to all juvenile readers, both from the numerous histories she has written for their benefit in a lively and interesting manner, and also from the treasured fairy tales she has arranged for them in a new dress. The present work is "in easy language, suited to the juvenile mind," and in large type, with the advantage of being illustrated by Alfred Crowquill and J. North cote. Some are in prose and some in verse, all with one moral, some with two or three. Fables, it is well known, are always favourites with chil dren, and the present collection is not likely to prove an exception. The joist.—The January number of this inte resting magazine is characterised, like the rest of its predecessors, not only by zeal, but also by original thought, research, and acute observation in the development and defence of Cerebral Physiology. and Mesmerism as a true science, from the accept ance of which great advantages to the human race must infallibly ensue. Among the more attractive papers—we mean to the general reader —are, " Phrenological appreciation of the character of Alexandre Dumas," by M. A. Castle, M.D., of Montmorency, near Paris, and two or three medical cases communicated by Dr. Elliotson. One of these is of interest to a large and emphatically dependent section of the commu nity. It is the " Cure of a Ganglion of the Knee, or of a case of Housemaid's Knee, with Mesmer ism." This disease has justly been regarded as for midable by those liable to it, many losing their situations, and always occasioning prolonged in convenience, danger, and suffering. In May the application to Dr. lliotson was made, and in No vember no remnant of disease was discernible, though the case was an aggravated one, and mes merism could not be employed for a month after it was ordered. When it is remembered how vio lent and how unsuccessful the treatment of the dis ease formerly was, the great value of Dr. Elliotson's treatment will be recognised. RUSSIAN LOSS IN THE CRIMEA.