The Sun. — London, England, 1855-08-14 00:00:00

INTERNAL SUFFERINGS OF RUSSIA FROM THE WAR• BY AN EYEWITNESS. (From Black - wood's Magazine.) [The writer of the following statement left Russia, where he had resided for many years, in the course of the present summer. It will be observed that he apologises for any defects of style which appear in the narrative, on the ground of the length of time during which he has been unaccus tomed to write his own language. No such defects will, we feel satisfied, be found ; as the facts, so deeply inte resting in themselves, and so important in their bearing, are told in plain sensible terms, leaving no doubt of the writer's sincerity, and his desire to tell nothing but the rah.] Haring recently left the interior of Russia, I think it my duty to lay before the public a plain statement of the results already produced by the events that are now Passing. About the court and capitals I can give no information, as I was only in them for a few days on my way home ; but all that I advance here relative to the particular part of the country I have lived in so long, is the truth, and to be relied on. I had the honour of giving the same information to some of the highest per sonages in the kingdom soon after my arrival, and ap parently they did not think it without importance ; so I have ventured to lay it before my country, trusting that what has hitherto been dark will now appear in the light of truth ; for I have put nothing down that did not come under my own personal observation, or that I did not obtain from sources on which I could rely. I had thought of publishing a larger work upon Russia, but was deterred by reading the books already published, which showed me that I should be obliged to repeat much that has been already written by abler pens, and which may be relied upon ; I have therefore confined my self to what relates exclusively to the influence exercised upon all classes in the interior by the war. There is, doubtless, much left unsaid that might be of interest, but of which I possess no information upon which I can de pend ; and, true to my resolve of only advancing what I know to be facts, I have left out all that is any way doubtful. lam quite unused to writing for the public, and have employed my native language so little of late years, that I trust the garb in which I have clothed my truths will be excused if it be a little foreign in appear ance ; for the heart of the writer beats with a truly Bri tish enthusiasm, and breathlessly awaits the moment when his country will have triumphed over all her enemies. T: what is really for their use, and what for that of their master. The war is a rich opportunity for the employes to make money, because they make all their demands upon the peasants without producing any writ ten authority from a superior officer, merely stating, in their written or verbal orders, that certain articles are required on such a date, and of course they are ready without any demur or inquiry, as it may happen that the Government actually, in this particular instance, re quires what is demanded ; then the man who sought ocular demonstration is considered refractory, and sent to Siberia to improve his manners, and to serve as an example to others, who, after this, will be ready to give ' all that is required of them without inquiry. Another exaction to which all the agricultural popula tion is subject, is the furnishing means to transport all the munitions of war through the country. At the be ginning they were paid for this service in a kind of Go vernment check, called contremark, which was received again at the treasury in payment of the poll-tax ; but since August, 1854, this has been changed, and this ser vice is paid in money—i.e., not paid at all, for the em ployes pocket the money, which it is never prudent to ask. The contremark was of no use to the employes, consequently the service was always accurately paid, but now the peasants get nothing but kicks and cuffs for their trouble. THE LANDED PROPRIETORS. The persons who are the greatest sufferers by the pre sent war are the landed proprietors. If the war continue they will, for the greater part, be brought to ruin. This will be seen by the following facts, which came under my observation upon an estate where I have resided for some years, and which I can give as an average speci men of the whole country. (It must be remembered that I only speak of the south of Russia—of the north I know comparatively nothing.) The estate in question consists of about 40,000 acres of land, with about 1,300 serfs. Its principal productions are linseed, corn, and wool, which are all sold for exportation by way of the ports of the Azoff and Black Seas. These two seas hav ing been closed for some time, all the raw produce re mains rotting on the hands of the producer, with the single exception of wool, which finds a ready market i❑ Germany, being transported overland through Austria ; still the price diminished sensibly last year, on account of the increased cost of transport. I will now proceed to state the details of the losses experienced last year upon this one property. The average income amounts to about 6,0001., out of which 1,5001. has to be paid as in terest of the mortgage—for this, like most other estates, is mortgaged to the Government. Last year there were about 1500 quarters of linseed, which, sold on the spot, would fetch upon an average 16s. per quarter. Of this not a bushel has been sold ; so, on this article alone, there is a loss of 1,2001. The wheat grown was about the same quantity. The average price of wheat is 12s. per quarter, and now only a limited quantity can be sold at 83. ; but, supposing the whole to be sold at that price, the loss will still amount to 3001. This, however, is not the case, and the loss is not less than 5001. upon wheat. Last year the price of wool was, upon an average, 15 per cent, below the usual price ; in some instances there was a loss of 20 and 25 per cent. ; the quantity sold usually fetched about 1,4001.—50 there was another loss of more than 2001. Upon this same estate there are kept about 18,000 sheep, of which there are generally sold every year 2,000 for their tallow and skins, at an average price of 7s. a -head ; now, on account of the difficulties of ex porting tallow, the price is only 55., another 2001. out of the pocket of the proprietor. It will be seen by the foregoing statement, that the income of the possessor of this one estate is diminished more than one-third, by restrictions laid upon trade by the closing of the ports of the Azoff and Black Seas ; and as this may be taken as a good criterion of the whole southern part of Russia, the loss is consequently something enormous. A few of the proprietors, it is true, sold their produce, at almost nominal prices, to merchants who speculated upon the results of the Conferences at Vienna, and bought up largely and transported the corn to the different ports of the south, to be ready to take advan tage of the first opening of the trade, had the Con ferences led to the much-desired peace. The immenee quantities of corn destroyed during the late expedition to the Azoff did not, as was stated, belong to the Russian government, but was the 'property of private speculators, among whom I know one who bought largely in wheat in the month of ➢arch, transporting it to Berdiansk, and I have no doubt he is a very large sufferer by the late events. Ido not assert, however, that no portion of the corn belonged to the Imperial government, but certainly not more than a fifth of the whole quantity destroyed was intended for the use of the troops, although it might have all been siezrd for that purpose later in the war, under the name of rolr,n tary contributions. THE CONSCRIPTION. I have attempted to show the losses that the present war occasions the landowner, by the trammels it imposes on trade ; we will now take into consideration the enor mous taxes he is subjected to, in order that the govern ment may be provided with means of carrying on the war, or ruining him, which is synonymous. The most severely felt tax at all times is the conscription. This in time of peace does not take place oftener than once a-year, and the number of recrui t s requ i re d i s generally seven from every 1,000 serfs ; but since the war broke out there have been two conscriptions in the year 1854, and already one in 1855, each of 12 in the 1,000, being, for 18 months, 36 able-bodied labourers out of every 1,000 males, old and young together. Ido not know what the proportionate number of able-bodied men there is in 1,000 males, but the effective strength must he con siderably diminished when such a large number is taken away. This is riot all. When the recruits are sent to the town to be examined and passed by the proper au thorities, there must be for every 12 men at least 18 more, in case the others should be rejected ; these are sometimes kept away from their work two or three weeks, without any indemnity whatever. By this state ment it will be seen that, during the last 18 months, the possessor of the estate I have quoted above has given to the government 47 conscripts, being the proportion of 36 in the 1,000 for 1,300, and lost the labour of about 70 men for the space of 14 days ; which latter loss, at 6d. a-day, will be 241. 10s., without counting the entire loss of 47 men for ever. But every proprietor is obliged to pay a sum of money (about 81.) to provide tie recruit with an outfit and arm him ; this will give again a sum of 376/. for the year and half. The southern governments, in consideration of their vicinity to the seat of war, are exempted from the militia of thirty hi the thousand, which is being raised in the northern go vernments. If they have not the militia, they aro sub jected to exactions under the name of voluntary contri butions. In the sprin g of 1854 the estate was obliged to send 40 oxen as rations for the troops then iu the Danubian provinces; at the same time there were re quired five waggons, with a pair of horses and a driver to each, which are to be returned at the end of the war. These were for the transport of baggage and troops upon an emergency ; and i t was upon there that the armies who fought the battle of Inkerman were transported last autumn. In the autumn of the same year (1854) there were required half a pood (181 b.) of biscuit from every male serf for the army, which, for 1,300, would amount to 650 poods ; b ut the p derro offered 1,000 poods, which had to b e made and - spatched in about three weeks. While the preparation of the biscuit was going on, there came another order for 10 waggons, with a driver and a pair of horse s to each, to be ready and delivered up to the authorities in 10 days, as the case was urgent. This was just befor e news of the descent in the Crimea reached us. All these exactions were made just at the time when the harvest was going on—the end of August—so that the hands were of the greatest consequence to get all the corn housed before the autumnal rains broke up the roads and rendered the transport impossible. The num ber of oxen required to transport the biscuit was twenty pairs, which were absent nearly four months, as they had to carry it a long distance after the roads were broken up, and when the mud was knee deep. A little later in the same year was required a number of oxen again for rations. Ido not remember the exact number required ; but having sent so many away with biscuits, and the murrain being very bad among the cattle at this time, instead of sending them, the proprietor forwarded to the proper authorities 901. n money. In the April of the present year, double the quantity of biscuit of that contributed last year was required ; and„. as I tra ve ll e d through the country in the month of May, I saw thousands of tons piled outside the towns, ready for transportation to the army, which of course has to be done by the proprietors and peasants of the Crown. I met upon the road long strings of waggons going to load with this biscuit, and stopped and talked with the drivers, who were for the chief part peasants belonging to the Crown. They lamented bitterly their hard fate, being obliged to leave their homes just as the haymaking was about to commence ; and as they had to perform a journey of some 1,500 versts, going :wad returning, it would be late in th e autumn ' before they reached their homes again, and co nsequently too late to make any preparations for winter. Many of them said to me : "Batushka ! we suppose that we are intended to starve this winter ; last winter we suffered enough while the troops were passing, but now we shall not be able to provide anything for ourselves, for there are only the babas (old women) at home, and what can they d o r The peasants of the Crown are subjected to m any of the same exactions as the proprietors—l think to all of them, except only the waggors, and about theta I era not sure. I know that they had to provide the biscuit just as their superiors bad, and the oxen, too, for rations. 1 t is, howe ver , extremely difficult to ascertain the amount of contributions exacted from these poor, miscalled free serfs ; for the emp/oyCs by whom they are man aged exact so much from them for own use, paying that it is required for the service of th e Government, that it is impos:Able to distinguish THE PEASANTRY. The sufferings of the inhabitants of those villages situated on the lines of march taken by the armies ' that traversed the country from north to south, during the winter of 1853-1854, were so intense that even the soldiers themselves pitied them ; and it takes something to touch the heart of a Russian soldier. The troops, in order to obtain sustenance, were obliged to disperse them selves over a large tract of country, marching in a parallel direction, and falling on the poor peasantry, whose stock of winter provisions was only prepared for the wants of their families ; like locusts, eating up everything, and re ducing the inhabitants to the greatest distress ; while the male population, who generally earn something consi derable with their horses during the winter, in trans porting merchandise from one fair to another, was en gaged on the main road in the transport of artillery and tumbrils, which, by the wise arrangements of the _Rus sian Government, had to be dragged over a country co vered to the depth of six or eight feet with snow, upon wheels ; so that tumbrils, which could have been drawn easily by four or six horses if placed upon sledges, re quired twelve or fifteen to move them with their large wheels imbeded in the snow. Baring a journey I was obliged to make in February, 1854, I met more than 500 tumbrils transported in this laborious manner. It made my heart bleed to see the treatment both horses and peasants received at the hands of the soldiery who were frequently obliged to use double, and even treble, the number Of horses required on the level ground. Roads had to be cut in some places through the snow, to admit of the passage of the heavy artillery. The peasants are seldom kept at this work for more than a fortnight to gether ; but they are frequently a hundred miles from their homes, so that after an absence of a month they return only to find their home swept clean by the hungry warriors whose fighting materials they have transported with so much difficulty. That many died of the artifi cial famine caused by these preparations for glorious war, I have no doubt. The Russian soldier, too, is mush imbued with a strong propensity for thieving, and there is nothing he will not steal if the opportunity of so doing should present itself. Finding all the houses where they were billetted without the master, of course many of the little articles of furniture were missing after the visit. These things were generally taken to the next halting-place and sold for brandy, only, perhaps, to be stolen again by the next party. It frequently happened that soldiers and recruits met in the same villages, and the number billetted in one house was so great that the master and his family were obliged to sleep out in the sheds with cattle, or upon the snow, for sluyba (as the peasants call the soldier) must have his lodging. Nor were the sufferings of the troops themselves less acute, marching as they did at such an inclement season of the year. They strive, how ever, to enliven their dreary marches by songs and jests, for in every company there is always a certain number of singers, who march in front, led by a man with a tambourine or an old violin, who dances, sings military songs, of which the other singers take up the chorus, or •else he cracks jokes at any one's expense. It is a curious sight to meet a party of soldiers in the midst of a snowy desert, where nothing is to be seen but snow below and snow above ; for the very air is impregnated with it. These armed men are wending their way to destroy, or be destroyed, as the case may be. WORKING TRADESMEN. Among those who feel the pressure of the war in the towns, are the working tradesmen, such as tailors and bootmakers. In all regiments there are a certain num ber of men who work for their comrades in time of peace, making for them their clothing, boots, &c. ; but as now all are called upon to bear arms, they have to quit the needle and awl for the rifle and bayonet. The duty of providing the troops with their grey greatcoats falls upon the tailors, who are suffering enough from the depressed state of all trades. They are supplied with so much cloth or leather, as the case may be, and are required to return a certain number of articles ready for use ; but the materials have already passed through the hands of the officials, who make their profit out of the affair by keeping back for their own use a good per-centage of the materials, exacting at the same time the re quired number of articles. The poor tradesman has to make good the defalcations of this grasping rapacity, out of his own pocket, besides the loss of the labour he is compelled to perform. Before I left the town where I was last May, I could not get a pair of boots made, as all the bootmakers were working upon this Government work, to the detriment of their owi interests and that of their customers. For this work they get a mere nominal price, the greater part goes into the pockets of the same men who robbed them of their cloth ; but they can obtain no redress for this, and look upon it as a necessary evil. THE MERCHANTS. The merchants are not subjected to such heavy losses as might be supposed, considering the perfect annihila tion of all external commerce. It is true they are obliged to subscribe largely to the voluntary contributions for the expenses of the war ; but as nearly all business is carried on with ready money, they merely withdraw their capital, and wait patiently the course of events. It is among this class that the greatest number of patriots is to be found ; for, as they understand no other lan guage but their own, and are strongly attached to their country, not knowing any other, they get all their information of what passes, from the highly-coloured misrepresentations that are published for then by the Russian government. They were enchanted with patri otic verses, that were to be found in all the Russian papers, describing the prowess and victories (future ?) of the holy Muscovite armies. Lord Palmerston is repre sented to them as a monster, and the author of the war. In one of these poetical effusions his lordship is carica tured as a great warrior, who fights his battles on a map with his forefinger. Since the battles of Alma and Inkerrnan these productions have become less frequent. There is one that appeared in the spring of 1854, that I Insist mention. It is an allegory, composed by an actor, I believe ; and relates that a Russian molodetz (young roan) was goin g quietly on hi s wa y, w h en h e found his passage stopped by three men—a turbaned Turk, a bearded Frenchman, and a red-haired English merchant. With a few swings of his powerful arm he made the Turk and Frenchman bite the dust, while the English. man was glad to escape the same fate by surrendering the contents of his pockets to this fine fellow. These may serve as specimens of what is allowed to poison the minds of those who can read ; while those who cannot are excited by yet grosser fictions. Since the beginning of the present year there has been a great scarcity of silver and gold coin in the southern provinces of the empire, though gold was very plenti ful last autumn. This scarcity may be accounted for by the merchants withdrawing their capital from trade. As few of them have any confidence in the paper circulation, they availed themselves of the gold, then very plentiful, which all Disappeared in this way in a very few weeks. A friend of mine, who was in Simpheropol in February, wishing to change a 100-ruble nute into notes of one, three, and five roubles each, was obliged to pay 10 per cent. for the exchange ; and he assured me that, if any small article were purchased, the value of which did not amount to a rouble, the merchant would rather lose the sale than give coin in exchange, though he was perhaps making a profit of 100 per cent. This state of things is gradually travelling northwards. In Ekaterinoslav it was the same in April ; and in Kharkoff, in May, there was a great difficulty in procuring coin, especially gold and the smaller silver money. Kharkoff is a large commercial town, and the capital of the Ukraine. The issue of notes has recently b een very great. All this tends to prove that every sinew is now strained to bursting to carry on the war. TIIE RUSSIAN SOLDIER. Many persons hav e expresse d surpr i se at the smallness of the r e t urns of Theßussian system an engagement ; killed on the part of the Russians after practice is 3 this but, to any one who understands the will not appear strange at all. be in the field, and receive to Bend in returns of only a small proper- RATHER RARE.—There was caught by one of the ash. tion of the • killed, while the remainder are supposed to ing boats last i g s sm entire week in itsa s li t n o t a w th h . i_ch i , o w it h n e o n ,G o i p o e a n t e Jo, Journal. rated and rations, to the benefit rabbit's I of the colonel , . Asa pay lated this in England, great personage, to whom I re- [Alma: i — No T G irs WAR IN TITS EAST.—POWERFUL dead men's rations ?'' N m or a i r s k t e i ( l l, " the colonels eat the PATENT RECON.. B N N OI T TI t Messrs. S. and B. Solo tion, for the greater part of the ere any danger of detec- mons, opticians, 39, Albemarle-s t reet, By her Observe same thing before, and are pracrganerals have done the opposite the York Hotel: " Majesty's Royal at all times, while the subalternalaV s omet hi ng similar Letters Patent for valuable and extraordinary y improvements cam-Re come colonels themselves. I knowoape some day to be- in the most powerful and brilliant Telescopes, course, Opera, and Perspective Glasses, to know the Camp, s commanding a regiment, who, from t n he inatanc o e f of a man of objects viewed through them—of great importance to the went taking the field in the summeroftime his re gi" army, navy, and others. These last year up to telescopes possess such extra the end of last November, was i n the habit of . A . ordinary powers that som 3 , • inches, with an extra eye - two or three thousand roubles every week to his sending piece, will show distinctly e J ith lit e er'smoons, Saturn's ring, while he is known to possess no private fortune.s A f air i nhy, and the double stars; same a u t d c le a s r a p l o can bo money was of course squeezed ore of the soldiers' this seen a person's countenance three mile rations and au object from 16 to 20 miles. They are of largerf distant,. and forage, for it is a cavalry giment. The life of a sizes •th • ; whilei , heir and al. Russian soldier is so miserable that I think half of the lug f i r wi increasing powers accordingly o m a nad theto 6 inches enable us to discover more tha v n a t r i y m . would prefer to be killed to dragging on such a wretched above existence. They are torn from their homes by the arbi- Exhibition,eorgian, with his 6 satellites, Scc.__Th ie Royal 1851 '—Valuable, newly-invented, very small, trary hand of despotism, and made to form part of a n powerful waistcoatocket p and glass,the size of a walnut, by which immense machine called a regiment, which again forms eavpeerson can be seenknown 11 miles distant ; they answer 1 7 PurPoso on the race-course, part of another called a division; but they have not the country scen, -course, and at the opera house remotest idea why they are made to execute certain They are inval, , and ships are clearly seen at Bto 10 miles. ' ' movements. The English officers who were taken psi- I sportsmen, gentlemen elteefor shooting, deer-stalkin ,, , yachtin,to Boners at different times admired the severe discipline of race-course, camp, a n i : a garnekeepers, and tourists. qera, Perspective glasses, with wonderful the Russian army, little thinking that it. was purchased Le wer . — Newly-eonst ruct P e e d • power. that Lenses of the great at the expense of every moral feeling ; for the soldier is 1 from transparentthis andmvention is, that valuable visien advantage deriveC. brutalised at the treatment he receives, every officer preservedvery becoming impaired is strengthened i , and having the right to buffet and cuff him as he may enabled to employ sight at the r most a ged i persons nut think proper. An old cavalry officer once told me, that pation—ean seo wth th t e he r s a much less e magnify_ cause 2. - if a horse died there was a rigid inquiry into the ing power—and they do n e ot ie l 2Se • q 8 of the frequent c to anse of his death ; and if the least thing appeared to the dangerous effects of furtheeiMre f changes-. ness—New Discovery.—The OrganpiocwVirh-nli assistance. Deaf- Was sh i ow that it had been neglected, the subaltern who I nary powerful, small, new, en instru'amtclerhalit extraordi r_ . n command of the squadron was placed under ar- fur deafness, "t J . but if ,on the other hand, a man died, on his ! entirely different from all others, to surpass anythin g of th death being kind that has been or probably ever Can be, e fellow ! „ r reported to the colonel he would say, "Poor Being of the same colour as the skin, is not produced. perceptibl e ; it I hope he is in heaven ! " This may be ac counted for ea •persons to hear distinctly at ch • 1 enables deaf inch and at nual easily enough. sum to provide The colonel receives an an- ' public assemblies; sensation of singing noises every loss ft horses for his regiment, so that in the cars is entirely removed it affords Ia 1 the assist a ectFi directly . cost him n _,,,, , . his pocket ; whereas the men ance that possibly could be desired. 39, Albern i ar e-street, v""ng l Ti le ti ,„ • are allowed meat by the Piccadilly. Observe—opposite the York hotel. E SUN, - LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 14 1855. Government three days a-week, except during the fasts, and brandy on Sunday and great holidays. The officers generally propose to the men to accept, instead of meat, the money, and to provide themselves. To this, of course, the poor fellows agree, as a proposal from an officer is tantamount to an order ; but they never see more than one-fourth of the money, which is disposed of as follows :—The colonel takes one-fourth, the majors commanding battalions another, and the captains of companies a third, while the other goes to the soldiers themselves ! This may account for the finding only black bread in the knapsacks of the killed and wounded. I have given these examples in order to show the system under which these men fight so desperately, and which prevails throughout the whole empire, —one vast system of fraud, peculation, and pillage. IMPROVEMENT IN SMALL ARMS. (From the New York, Journal of Coilimerce.) In the spring of 1852 our attention was called to the Prussian and French improvements in small arms— both of which had been tested in actual service, and found to possess an extraordinary advantage in range and precision of fire over the old ordinary musket— by the proposed adoption of the Minis rifle into the British service. We then stated that the British Go vernment had contracted with Birmingham manufac turers for 23,000 of these rifles ; and that the result of experiments made by a commission at Woolwich, under instructions of the Duke of Wellington, bad satisfied the most sceptical of the military authorities there of the necessity of superseding the old musket entirely with the new and more efficient arm. In view of the well-authenticated performance of these wea pons in the Schleswig-Holstein campaign and in Algeria we expressed surprise that nothing . was known of them in the United States, and that the improvement should have been ignored by the then last report of the Secre tary of War, in which there was no allusion to its exis tence. It is true there was no great interval between the invention of the new arms and the application of them to the equipment of troops in Germany and France. The apprehension or the exigencies of actual war stimulated the action of those who felt impelled to avail themselves of all the instrumentalities for advantage in the field that modern science and invention could supply. In this country a different state of things prevailed. We had but recently " conquered a peace" with the old weapons, which had therefore been tested by success. Use had made them familiar and victory dear. Nor were we in danger of encountering an enemy in any other field so well equipped as ourselves. The objects for which the Mexican war was waged having been fully attained, no hostile collision seemed to impend, except with the turbulent Indians on the frontier. It might have been plausibly urged that a wiser consider. ation would prompt provision against even possible emergencies, and that the employment in the I n dia n campaigns f means which the enemy could neither re sist nor obtain the command of would shorten conflict and insure speedy submission. But military men, obe dient to a traditionary discipline and inured to a life of strict routine, look with distrust upon innovation. We conversed on the subject with officers old in the ser vice, who refused to be convinced of the practical supe riority of the new weapon, with all the testimony that could be adduced to its efficiency. The document ema nating from the War Department in the ensuing winter furnished no evidence that the invention had ever been brought to its official cognisance. But a year later, from Col. Huger's report of the operations of the army at Harper's Ferry up to June the 30th, 1853, it appeared that during the year then expired a few experi ments had been made there to test the value of the al leged improvements, which, however, failed to illustrate the superiority claimed for them. A result so at vari ance with the representations received from abroad was calculated rather to excite distrust of the thoroughness of the experiments than of the value of the new weapon; for its superiority was recognised to be so fully established that its introduction, to the exclusion of the superseded arm, was in progress all over Europe as rapidly as it could be supplied with the means of manufacturing at command. The tenour of Col. Huger's report tended to confirm this distrust of the character of the experiments. It appeared that the rifles used were our service rifles, and others which had been manufactured experimentally, and did not conform to the pattern of those adopted by the inventors to be used with the AlinhS and other bul lets. With this disadvantage nothing positive could of course be ascertained in respect to the capability of those missiles. Add to this the want of skill incident to the employment of unpractised hands, and it is easy to account for the discrepancy in the results here and in Europe. That discrepancy was very great. At the short range of 200 yards with the Mini; ball, Colonel Huger says the average of mean absolute variation from the centre of the target was 11 inches ; while the ex periments previously re p or t e d by the London Tinto prove that the Minis rifle could be made to deliver " a far more accurate and deadly fire at 800 yards than the old Ordnance musket at 750." Colonel Huger concludes his report with a promise that the experiments should be resumed at longer ranges and the result duly announced. The last annual report of the Secretary of War states th'at these renewed experiments were not completed, and had up to then been confined to our service rifle ; but even with that, he adds, " they confirm the great superiority claimed for this invention abroad.' The Secretary thinks it almost certain that smooth-bored arms will be superseded as a military weapon, and recommends a suspension of the manufacture of small arms of our present patterns , thus following a recommen d at i on which the Jour na l of Comarerce made early in 1852, and establishing the soundness of the views we then ex pressed. This was our language : "Meantime the great national armories at Springfield and Harper's Ferry are busily at work increasing the large stock of small arms on hand, producing yearly weapons of a better quality at a diminished price, but with no improvement of pattern except in the adoption of the percussion lock, which is applied now not only to arms newly manufactured, but to all the old flint lock guns in store. " * * We submit that, in view of the probable superiority of the new French and Prussian guns a thorough examination ought to be undertaken, with a view to test the merits of these, before any con siderable further outlay is made in manufacturing after the old pattern." Notwithstanding the results of the new discoveries thus made public, the Government continued for the en suing period of two years and a half to manufacture the old-fashioned weapons; and according to the Secretary's report we had, at the commencement of the present year, a stock on hand in the arsenals of the United States of more than .500,000 muskets and rifles, besides about 300,000 in possession of the States, the aggregate cost of which was nearly $10,000,000. We are glad, however, to learn that the manufacture of this descrip tion of arms is at length suspended, and that our expen ditures for small arms are for the present to be confined to the making of such as are required for fully testing the merits of new inventions, including, no doubt, those which have been stimulated by the exigencies of the war now in progress, and which are claimed by their projec tors to possess some advantages over the Minie rifle, the weapon most in vogue. Still further improvements may be expected to result from the very elaborate series of experiments now in progress at Rusholme, E ng l an d, by direction of th e British Government, under the im mediate supervision of Mr. J. Whitworth, of Manchester, and Mr. Westly Richards, an eminent London gunsmith. These experiments are directed to ascertain not only the best form and pattern of military rifles, but also the most efficient means of manufacturing them. It appears that the perfection to which Colonel Colt has brought the manufacture of revolving pistols and rifles at his estab lishment in London, chiefly by self-acting machines, at tended by women and boys, has satisfied the British Government of the advantage of availing of mecha nical inventions to perform the required processes in the manufacture over the plan, so perseveringly persisted in by theßirmingham gunsmiths, of having them wrought by the hands of the skilled and expensive workmen trained in their factories ; and that the Government have contracted to extend the national armory at Enfield, so that it may be made to produce 100,000 Minie rifles per annum. While experiments conducted in our own armories, at a moderate extent, serve to employ the machinery we already possess, to sug gest new inventions, and to sharpen and keep fresh the practised skill of the workmen there engaged, we have also in anticipation the benefit of the larger and more costly operations tending to the same end in fo reign countries; and, while permitted to avail of the experience of others, it is a matter ofjustcongratulation that we are enabled to prosecute deliberately and un molested the preparations requisite for our defence and security, remote from the prospect of such sanguinary fields as those in which the great Powers of Europe are even now unhappily forced to test the efficacy of war like implements. SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. TATERSALL'S-MONDAY. A. thin attendance and very little betting. After in telligence reached the room that Rotherham and Imo gene had run a dead head for the Wolverhampton Stakes to-day, the former was backed for some money at 5 and 6 to 4 to win the deciding heat. This was the only brisk movement which was made in the course of the after- noon. Most of the following quotations were only to small sums. BERKSHIRE STAKES. 6to 4 agst Vanderdecken (taken). GREAT EISOR HANDICAP. Bto 1 agst Homily (9 to 1 also laid) 9 to 1 agst Vandal (taken) 9to 1 agst Little Harry (10 to 1 taken) 10 to 1 agst Midsummer (12 to 1 also laid) 13 to 1 agst Honeysuckle (taken) 14 to 1 agst Dame Judith (taken) 15 to 1 agst Shoreham (taken) 15 to 1 agst The Grand Inquisitor (taken) ST. LEGER. to 4 agst Oulston (offered) sto 1 agst Lord of the Isles (taken) DEBBY. 20 to 1 agst Fazzoletto (taken) 20 to 1 aget Dramatist (taken) 20 to 1 agst Yellow Jack (taken) 40 to 1 agst Forbidden Fruit (taken) 40 to 1 agst Verdant Green (taken) WOLVERHAMPTON RACES.—MONDAY. Produce Stakes of 10 sovs each, with 20 added, for 3-yr olds ; colts, Bst 61b; fillies, Bst 31b. Certain penal ties and allowances. Once round. (6 subs.) Mr. Morris's Cossey, by Melbourne, Bst 31b (13asham) 1 Capt. Wilson's Tom Burke, by Faugh-a-Ballagh, Bst 61b (Aldcroft) 2 Mr. J. Meeson's Forward, Bst 31b ... (G. Whitehouse) 3 Betting-6 to son Cossey, sto 4 agst Tom Burke, 10 to 1 agst Forward (offered). Won by a short head. Very bad third. The Trial Stakes (Handicap) of 5 sovs each, with 50 added. A winner of any handicap after the weights were declared, 51b extra. One mile. (16 subs.) Mr. G. Duggleby's Yeutick, by Tory Boy, 3 yrs, 6st 51k, (Fordham) 1 Mr. Warrington's Kiteflyer, 5 yrs, Bst 61b (W. White) 2 Mr. Mather's Eva, 4 yrs, 7st 131 b (Aldcroft) 3 The following also ran :—Corin, Cardsharper, and Sine-qua-non. Betting— sto 2 each agst Corin and Eva, 4 to 1 agst Yeutick, 5 to 1 each agst Cardsharper and Kiteflyer. Won by a length. Same distance between the second and third. Bad fourth. Kiteflyer ran very " unkindly." The Woverhampton Stakes of 20 sovs each, h ft, and only 5 if decla.. ,d, with the Tradesmen's Purse of 100 sovs added. Certain penalties. The second to save his stake. Twice round and a distance. (29 subs, 15 of whom pay 5 sovs each.) The highest weight accept ing being Bst 51b, it was raised to Bst 71b, and the others remaining in in proportion. Mr. Johnstone's Rotherham, 3 yrs, Est llb (in cluding 71b extra), (carried 6st 21b) (Bates) ±w o Mr. Treen's Imogene, 3 yrs, Set 21b (J. Walters) ± Mr. W. Palmer's Lurley, 4 yrs, Est 111 b (Quinton) 3 Mr. T. Parr's Challow Boy, 3 yrs, sst 21b (Fordham) 4 Betting—Even on Rotherham, 2 to 1 agst Imogene, sto 1 agst Lurley. A good race in with Rotherham and Imogene ended in a dead heat. Lurley was three lengths behind them, and about three-quarters of a length in advance of Challow Boy. Rotherham after wards walked over, and Mr. Johnstone and Mr. Treen divided the stakes. Committee Stakes of 5 sovs each, with 40 added, for 2- yr-olds ; colts, Bst 71b ; fillies, Bst 41b. Tho winner to be sold for 100 sovs. Allowances if entered to be sold for less. Straight half-mile. (13 subs.) Mr. T. Dawson's Prince's Mixture, by Malcolm (301.), 6st 41b (Bates) 1 Mr. T. Stevens's f by the Flying Dutchman—Mogu listan (301.), Est 41b (Prior) 2 Mr. Jones's Hippona, sister to Mrs. Rigby ( 301 .), 6st 41b — (Bearpark) 3 The following also ran :—Chere Petite, Wolfsberg, Outcry, Eustace Fitz• John, Pyrrhine, Shocking Events, and Param. Betting-5 to 2 agst Enstace Fitz. John, 4to 1 agst Hippona, 5 to 1 agst Param, 7to 1 each agst Outcry and Prince's Mixture. Won by a neck ; some distance between the second and third ; bad fourth ; Outcry was fifth, Eustace Fitz-John sixth, and Pyrrhine seventh. The Ladies' Purse of 50 sovs, for three-yr-olds and up wards. About a mile and a quarter. Mr. T. Butler's Man-of-War, 3 yrs, 7st 31b...(Bates) 1 Mr. T. Parr's Fanny Grey, 3 yrs, 7st (E. Forster) 2 Mr. Hill's Minnette, 3 yrs, 7st (Payter) 3 The following also ran :—Petticoat, Spintext, br h by Lanercost, dam 0 Don't, Dicebox, and Boadicea. Letting—Man-of-War, Spintext, and Petticoat were backed against the fiield. Won by a neck. A length between the second and third, and the same between third and fourth ; Spintext was fifth. Fanny Grey lost upwards of a hundred yards' start ; York " considera tions" were hinted at. W. Sharpe weighed for Hopton, but the horse broke away, threw his rider, and did not go to the post. BETTING ON THE COURSE. EBOR HANDICAP. Bto 1 agst Little Harry (10 to 1 taken freely 9to 1 agst Vandal (taken) 12 to 1 agst Hospodar (taken) 12 to 1 agst Grand Inquisitor (taken) 14 to 1 agst Midsummer (taken) throughout was of a very mediocre character. White and blue took the lead, and maintained it, coming in first ; red and white a middling second. Second Heat, 30 minutes past 2. Rose and T. Alcock (blue) ; T. Cannon and H.White (white), This was a spirited race. Blue took the lead at the start, but made no immediate advantage. White fol lowed up closely, keeping stem on past the committee's barge. Blue contrived to get away, kept the lead, and came in first ; white a good second. Third Heat. J. Holder and W. Short (red and blue) ; J. Roe and S. Jameson (black). . . Black took the lead at the start, and maintained it to the bight, when red and white made a grand spurt and shot a-head, took the lead, and maintained it, coming in first. Black a good second. Final Heat. Cannon and H. White, 1 ; J. Rose and S. Jamieson, 2. Won by a length and a half, after a fine race, in which four other pairs were engaged. GENTLEMEN (SENIOR) SCULLERS' MATCH. A. A. Casamajor, 1; H. C. P. Bayford, 0 ; C. W. Lewis, 0. It was almost a repetition of the Gentleman Cham pionship of the Thames last Friday, Mr. Casamajor main winning, although Mr. Bayford was much c l oser all the way. Von by two lengths. GIG RACE, PAIR OAR, WITH COXSWAINS, FOR GENTLEMEN -IN ONE HEAT. Messrs. T. Turner and W. Whitehouse—H. Dobree, coxswain (red and black). C. Tidbury and W. Stocken—R. Taylor, coxswain (black). G. G. Ditton and C. Charles—A. Forbes, coxswain (white). H. Snow and J. Wright— coxswain, (blue). This was a novel and somewhat exciting race. The boats went well away, and until they passed the com mittee's barge they were together ; white, opposite Searle's, however, shot a-head, followed by blue, red and white third. Messrs. Tidbury and W. Stocken (black), gradually drew upon white, and before getting to Craven Cottage overhauled them, obtained the lead, and maintained it, coming in first. The colour3 were not hoisted for the second place. TRADESMEN'S PAIR-OAR MATCH. This match was rowed in ono heat, from Hammer smith-bridge to Putney, and was the best contested (al though by tradesmen) throught the day. The following started :—W. Sanderson and W. Walker, red ; J. Pye and W. Paytoe, white ; and G. Jones and R. Miller, blue. At the start, which took place at 20 minutes past 4, the race was very good, and continued for some time ; red, however, gradually drew a-head ; Messrs. Pye and Paytoe (white) made a determined struggle, and kept close upon their quarter until opposite Searle's, when red gradually increased the distance, coming in winners by three boats' length ; white second ; blue distanced four or five boat's length. GENTLEMEN'S (JUNIOR) FOUR-OARED MATCH. This match was started from Chiswick to Putney at 40 minutes past four. The Albion Club, white ; Volante Club, blue ; Petrel Club, red. This match was well contested, a very fine race takin g place between the Albi on an d V o l an t e c l u b . R e d h a d taken the lead, but from some cause not satisfactorily explained were thrown out of the match. The struggle continued to the bridge between blue and white, but, al though the latter made almost superhuman exertions, they could not recover their lost ground. Blue came in first, white a good second. The racing will be resumed at one o'clock this day. There is a full list of competitors. POLICE INTELLIGENCE. MANSION-HOUSE. Matthew Derome, a young man of respectable appearance, was brought before the Lord Mayor under the following remarkable circum stances:— A cabman—l was called at about 10 minutes past 12 on Saturday night to take a young woman who was in a state of insensibility on the pavement in Cheapside, to Camomile-street, Bishops , ato. She was, after some delay, put into the cab by the prisoner and another per son, and the prisoner got in after she was placed there. Mine is a Hansom cab, and in consequence of what was said to me by somebody in the crowd around her, I raised the trap, by which I could see what was going on inside, and I observed the prisoner acting in such a manner as induced me to ask him what he was about with the young woman. He then appeared to desist, and when we got on some way further,. I again raised the trap, and I saw him repeat the conduct to which I had ob jected, and again I called to him. He then said—" All right, Cabby." I said it was not all right, and having heard that the young woman who accompanied him was a virtuous person, I jumped down, pulled open the doors of the cab, and found the female quite uncon scious, and the prisoner in such a state as convinced me that his intentions towards her were by no means delicate or honourable. I was informed by somebody that the prisoner was her brother-in-law, and I said, " If that's the case, he is a perfect scoundrel," and I called a policeman; and the owner of the house in Camomile. street, to which I took her, who really is her brother-in law, upon hearing my account of the matter, charged him at the station-house with the assault. The Lord Mayor—ln what state was the prisoner when you took him into custody ? Witness—He was intoxicated. The prisoner—l was so drunk that I know nothing at all about it. I have no recollection at all about what took place. lam sure I could have done no harm to anybody. Sarah Williams said—l am 21 years of age and single, and I live with my sister and brother-in-law, a respect able tradesman. Ido not know the prisoner. I was in Cheapside on Saturday night, perhaps between 9 and 10 o'clock— (the witness had no accurate recollection of the time any more than of the occurrence which had taken place)—with a female cousin of mine, who came from Sheerness. We walked on through streets the names of which I am not acquainted with, and my cousin went into a shop to inquire about shirt-making. I was waiting for her outside, and the prisoner came up and said to me, " What are you waiting for ?" I said I was waiting for my friend. He then said, "I wish you would come and take a glass of wine with me." I said, " No, I am not in the habit of doing so." I refused him at first, but with great persuasion I consented. My friend, whom I left in the shop missed me. I don't know where I went with the prisoner, but it was to some public-house. I drank a glass of wine, port I think it was, and when I came out I fell immediately senseless. The prisoner—When I met her she was intoxicated. The Lord Mayor (to the witness)—Had you been drinking ? Witness—Not at all; I had taken nothing but what I took with him. The Lord Mayor—Do you recollect getting into the cab ? Witness—l recollect nothing more ; I did not come to my senses till about eight o'clock on Sunday morning. The Lord Mayor—Have you been visited since this occurrence by a medical man ? Witness—No ; there is no occasion whatever ; I have sustained no personal injury. The Lord 11:layor—Did you take more than one glass of wine with him ? Witness—l cannot say that I had more to drink than one glass. I was at no other public-house, and I was at no other house of any kind. The Lord Mayor—Did he give you any money ? Witnes3—No. The Lord Mayor—And you were not at all intoxi cated Witness—No more than I am now. The Lord Mayor—Could you find out the house at which you had the glass of wine, or the shop in which you left your friend ? Witness—l could not. The brother-in-law of the prosecutrix said that, upon hearing of the conduct of the prisoner, he at once gave the brutal fellow in charge. It was, he added, most satisfactory to know that the injury which might'have been intended had not at all been inflicted. A respectable person here stepped forward, and said the prisoner must have been in such a condition as no body had ever seen him placed in before, when such a charge was brought against him, and begged to be al lowed to bail him. Tho prisoner—l know nothing at all about it, I can swear, any more than tho young woman, and I am sure I never meant her any harm. The Lord Mayor—The charge is a very serious one, and I hope you will take a lesson from your present sufferings. I shall consent to take two good securities in 50/. each, and the prisoner's own surety in 1001. to meet the charge. jWESTMINSTER.—ALLEGED NEGLECT AT THE AD MIRALTY.—A female named Hannah Archer, residing at No. 28, Vincent-street, Vincent-square, applied for the assistance of the magistrate under the following circum stances :—She stated that her husband was a seaman on board her Majesty's ship the Hawke, which was attached to the fleet in the Baltie under Admiral Baynes— that she had received letters from him, authorising her to receive his half-pay—and that she had repeatedly ap plied to the Admiralty for the money, but was unable to get any. Mr. Arnold inquired how much was due to her ? Applicant—About six months, y ou r worship. The ship left Sheerness on the 6th f June, when my hus band says that my half-pay ticket was left for me .w him. Mr. Arnold—Have you hoard from your liiis,!)and lately ? Applicant—Yes, your worship, on the 27th of July. An officer of the court said that the half-pay ticket ought to have been sent by the clerk of the ship to the Admiralty. Applicant —My husband states that it has been sent to the Admiralty ; and when I apply there they say they have not received it. I have been a dozen times to the Admiralty. Mr. Arnold—There must be great m ismanagement somewhere. How many children have you! Applicant—Two, sir. The one in my arms and an other young child. lam in want of necessaries. Mr. Arnold—lt is a very hard case, indeed. I have no power with the Admiralty that can be of the least use to you, but if you will produce me the le tters y ou have received from your husband to satisfy me that yourstory his true, I will give you some temporary relief from the poor-box, The applicant said she would do so. Subsequently she stated that she was not the only female whose husband was in the Baltic fleet who was in the situation she was. MARYLEBONE. ATTEMPTED M tiRDER or A POLICEMAN WITH A 'BUTCHER'S KNIFE.—ATROCIOUS CASE.--Dennis Daly, a young man of very determined appearaoce, was brought before Mr. Broughton on the charg e 0' having attempted, with a large knife belong. fiv l / 4 t o a c ixk butcher, to stab rolice-conotable Leveret% G 8 S, by whom he had in the first instance been taken into custody for another offence ; and it will be seen from the subjoined evidence that, but for the resolute conduct of a female, the officer's life would probably have been sacrificed. Leverett, on being sworn, said—Between 9 and 10 i o'clock on Saturday night, as I was on duty in the Hampstead-road, I saw the prisoner with his hand at the pocket of a woman who was looking in at a window. She almost immediately exclaimed, "You good-for-nothing blackguard, you have been robbing me." She then gave him in charge, but on ascertaining that she had not lost anything, she refused to go to the station-house to make a complaint. I saw that her handkerchief had been partly drawn out of her pocket. While conveying him along Henry-street, he resisted, and struck me a violent blow ; and a large mob, amounting to no fewer than 200 persons, speedily collected at the spot, and many of the mob endeavoured to effect a rescue. The prisoner struck me and we fell, and while we were both struggling to gether upon the ground, he kicked me several times with all his might upon the legs; he also knocked down a butcher, who, upon my calling to him in the Queen's name, came to my assistance. 1 got him into the butcher's shop which was close by, there to await further aid, when the mob, consisting no doubt of a great many of the prisoner's companions, tore down the window-board, upon which a large quantity of pork was placed, and threw nearly the whole of the joints into the road. Most of them were picked up and stolen by some of the lawless parties. The mob swore that they would pull the shop to pieces if I did not let the prisoner go, upon which he (prisoner) seized fi om the counter a large knife, and tried therewith to extricate himself by cutting his necktie. I laid hold of the handle to prevent him from effecting his object, when ho said, "You ,if I can't get my tie off, I'll stab you," when he contrived to draw the blade through my hand, thereby inflicting cuts, al though not serious ones, upon some of my fingers. The butcher's wife, Mrs. Somers, darted forward and wrested the weapon from his grasp. He then, in a great rage, laid hold of another knife, again swearing that lie would stab me, and he made an attempt io plunge it into my chest. In this sanguinary endeavour ho would perhaps have succeeded, had not Mrs. Somers arrested in some measure the fearful force with which he was about to use the said formidable implement, and managing by a dex terous effort to disarm him as before. In proof of the narrow escape which I have had, it will he perceived that there is a cut in the breast part of my coat, where the knife entered. (The cut was here shown to the ma gistrate.) Other officers came to my assistance, and the prisoner was ultimately conveyed to the station, and locked up. Mrs. Somers, and William Somers, her h us b an d, gave evidence for the most part corroborative of that of the officer. Somers said that he was repeatedly struck and kicked by some of the mob while upon the ground, and that he could ill afford the loss which he had sustained through the outrageous conduct of the multitude. Mr. Broughton said he should make a remark on the charge sheet as to the firm and good conduct of the con stable under the trying circumstances in which he was placed. Much credit was also due to Mrs. Somers, and he thought it only right that the cominissioners should be advised to make some compensation to Somers for the loss of meat. The prisoner, who said that ho was merely trying to cut his neck tie, and denied having attempted to injure the constable, was committed for trial for "attempting to stab," He was then locked up. SOUTHWARK.—SINGULAR CHARGE OF ROBBERY AGAINST THE WIFE OF A TRADESHAN.—MrS. Ann, Downes, the wife of a bedstead-maker in the Borough, was fully committed for trial for the following robbery : Mary Neale, the wife of a timber merchant in Bear lane, said that on the 31st of July she bought a bedstead at the shop of the prisoner's husband and directed it to be sent home. A short time afterwards a man, accom panied by Mrs. Downes, brought it to her house, when witness asked her to remain until her husband came home to pay for it. While she was there witness, the prisoner, and a lodger had three sixpenny -worths of gin "to wet the bedstead," during which time Mrs.. Dowries took a fancy to some fowls and offered to buy them. Witness believing her to be a respectable female, took her into the parlour and showed her some articles of fur. ture she had recently purchased, and, pointing to a box standing on one of the tables as containing all her savings, said if she lost it it would be her ruin. After remaining there for a short time the prisoner left very quickly, say. ing she would return in a moment or so. Witness locked the door of the parlour, and a little afterwards her husband came in, when he said he would go and get the money from the box. She gave him the key of the door, but, much to her surprise, she found - that the box was gone. No one else could have stolen the box ; therefore, when Mrs. Downes came to the house again, she gave her into custody. Witness remembered that when she left the house she had something under her shawl, but she had no idea that it was her box. The latter contained 4/. 15s. in crown pieces, several old coins (one of which was an American shilling, with a hole in it), and some jewel lery. When Mrs. Dowries was searched at the police station, witness saw the American shilling and a cap taken from her, both of which had been locked up in the box, the key of which her husband always kept. It was contended by Mr. Solomon, on behalf of the accused, that the cap was given her by Mrs. Neale after they had drank the gin, and that the American coin had been in her possession some years. As for the box, she knew nothing of that, and her reason for leaving the house was to go home and fetch the money to pay for the fowls she had purchased. As soon as she came back with that she was given into custody. The whole of the depositions having been taken, at the request of Mr. Solomon the magistrate accepted bail for her attendance at the next Surrey Sessions. SIR JAMES BROOM; AND THE ISLAND OF BORNEO. A large blue-book, published on Friday, contains the reports of the two commissioners, the Hon. H. B. Devereux and Mr. C. R. Prinsep, appointed to inquire into certain matters connected with the position of Sir James Brooke iu Borneo. The statements of Sir James himself, the evidence adduced, and a variety of corres pondence and miscellaneous matter occupy a large por tion of the document. Into these it is impossible to enter ; we therefore state the result of the inquiry. The lion. Mr. Devereux, after giving an account of the proceedings of the commission, records his judgment seriatim, on the four points submitted for inquiry. The first was whether the position of Sir James Brooke at Sarawak, either as holding that pos session of the Sultan of Borneo, or as an independent popular rajah, be compatible with his duties as British Consul-General and Commissioner for Trade, and his character as a British subject. The general result arrived at by Mr. Devereux is that, without a knowledge of the terms of the document in which Sarawak was ceded by the Sultan of Borneo, it is impossible to pronounce a con ' fident opinion in regard to the exact nature of Sir James Brooke's tenure of that place. The question of incom patibility of position as ruler of Sarawak and British subject is set at rest by Sir J. Brooke's declared inten tion to relinquish his position at Sarawak in case of need, Sir James having, moreover, expressed an opinion that the office of commissioner is, from its duties, unbefitting his position at Sarawak. The second point was whether SirJ.Brooke's interest as a holder of territory and a trader in its produce be compa tible with his duties as Consul to promote and foster the trade ofother British subjects. This question loses its interest in the event of other reasons prevailing to sever the position of her Majesty's Commissioner and Consul-General from that of ruler of Sarawak, but Mr. Devereux does not consider that the two sources of revenue enumerated aro in their nature incompatible with the functions named. Under the third head of inquiry, whether Sir. James Brooke had sought to injure the interests of other British subjects in order to promote his own, no charges were investigated, and the only complaint—one made by the agents of the Eastern Archipelago Company—Mr. Devereux refused to entertain, for reasons assigned. The fourth was to inquire into the relations of Sir James Brooke to the native tribes, and their bearings on the piracy question. Whether it is necessary that Sir J. Brooke should be intrusted with a discretion to determine what tribes are piratical, and to call in her Majesty's naval forces to punish them, must depend, says Mr. Devereux, on Sir J. Brooke's position (if any) in her Majesty's service. He deems it most desirable that there should be some authority empowered to call for the aid of our naval forces for the suppression of piracy, to which Great Britain is pledged by the treaty of Borneo, as far as the north west of the island is concerned. Mr. Prinsep, after informing the Government that Sir James Brooke had admitted the incompatibility of his position as holding territory from the Sultan of Borneo with his character of British Consul and Commis sioner for Trade, and that he had, since his last return to Sarawak, abstained from exercising the latter functions, proceeds, under the fourth head of inquiry, to report that the relation of Sir James with and towards the na tive tribes on the north-west of Borneo is such in every respect that it is neither (in Mr. Prinsep's opinion) " ne cessary nor prudent that he should beintrusted with any discretion to determine which of these tribes are pirati cal," or be armed with any power to call for naval aid to punish or coerce them. Mr. Prinsep considers that Sir James's position is that of a mere vassal of the Sultan of Borneo, and hence in the existing relations between the Sultan and Great Britain —contracted by 5,:r James himself—his position is a very anomalous one. s or , , e difference appears to exist between the two corn missionb.rs with respect to the attacks on the piratical tribes by Captains Keppel and Farquhar. Mr. Prinsep thinks that 07 were prompted rather by a considera tion of the injurWS sustained by the settlers at Sarawak than by any injurico or complaints of such sustained by English subjects, and he deplores the great sacrifice of life entailed by Captain Farquhar's operations in con cert with "savage allies." The charge of "wrongful and causeless attack and massacre," however, has wholly failed of proof, and been negatived by evidence to the contrary. Mr. Devereux so far differs from his eolleagse as to disbelieve that there was excessive lass of life, or that atrocities, in the ordinary sense of the term, were committed in 1849 in the expedition against the Serebas and Sakarran Dyaks. The Cardiff Guardian states that the case of Mrs. Saunders, the poor woman who lately gave birth to four children, having come to the knowledge of the Queen, she immediately sent four sovereigns—one for each of the children. As we have before stated, one of the children died on Monday, but the remaining trio are progressing " satisfactorily." ROYAL THAMES NATIONAL REGATTA This annual fete commenced yesterday, at Putney, and will continue to-day and Wednesday. The great race of yesterday was the champion four-oared race, in which were 13 entries from various parts of England— the Newcastle, Manchester, and Richmond parties being most in request. The committee of management had, as usual, their barge moored off the Bishop of London's, at Fulham, which was:crowded by the subscribers and their friends, a very large portion of whom were ladies. The barge and steamers were filled with flags and streamers, a military band being in attendance, presenting a very gay and animated appearance. The Eight Bells and the Star and Garter Taverns were crowded with the mem bers and friends of the Oxford, Cambridge, and Univer sity Clubs ; and the Duke's Head, with various other clubs. The banks on either side of the river, as also Put ney and Hammersmith Bridges, were crowded with spec tators. Gay as these regattas always are, more than usual interest was excited, and a much larger concourse of persons than usual were present. The first race on the list was The Champion Four-oared Match for 1371. in Cash. First Heat. This heat consisted only of the Feathers Crew (Wands. worth), green : T. Day, R. Bain, J. Driver, W. Twickenham ; H. Salter, coxswain. Unity Club (Lambeth), blue and white :—J. Chapman, W. Jones, R. Wharf, J. Happy; T. Maynard, coxswain. Hammersmith was not at the mark. This heat was started shortly after 1 o'clock, and was a well•contested race. Green (the Wandsworth crew) at the start obtained the lead, but were quickly over hauled by the _Lambeth crew (blue and white), when, after passing the committee's barge, and shooting the bight, opposite the late Vice-Chancellor's, the Wands worth drew a-head, and maintained their lead, coining in at Chiswick winners at some distance. The Unity Club a good second. Second Heat. This heat was started at 20 minutes past 1, and con sisted of : The Shaksperian Crew (Manchester), white :—S. Wood, J. Carroll, H. Ault, M. Taylor ; Mahoney, coxswain. Who'd have Thought It (Wandsworth), red and green —G. Driver, A. Ralph, J. Goodson, H. Kelly ; J. Hewitt, coxswain. Elswick Crew (Newcastle), blue :—J. Bruce, A. Maddison, J. Galley, E. Winship ; J. Taylor, coxswain. This was a very fine race. The Manchester crew (Shakspeare) took the lead, followed closely by the Newcastle (Elswick) crew. The Wandsworth a very good third. The race between the Manchester and Elswick crew was maintained throughout to Hammer smith-bridge ; when the Manchester drew a-head, took the lead, and maintained it, winning easily, at Chiswick corning in first ; the Elswick crew second. Third Heat. St. Agnes Crew (Newcastle and London), yellow : R. Coombes, G. Salter, W. Pocock, H. Clasper ; Fos- ter, coxswain. Apprentices' Crew (London), red and white :—Dove, White, Whitmarsh, Rose ; Kelly, coxswain, Confidence Club (Richmond), black :—T. Mackinney, W. Mancey, A. Chitty, J. Mackinney ; G. Messum, coxswain. At the start, the Newcastle and London and Rich mond Clubs were fairly together, and shortly after they fouled, and had to be recalled by the umpires. On the start beieg given a second time, the St. Agnes— Coombes and Clasper's crew—took the lead, followed closely by the Richmond crew, until they passed Searle's, when Coombes and Clasper's crew took the lead, and maintained it throughout. The Richmond Club some boats lengths behind. The Apprentices' Crew nowhere. The three second boats' crews had then to contest for a fourth heat to claim a place in the final heat. Fourth heat. The only boats, however, were the Elswick Crew (Newcastle) and Confidence (Richinond). The start took place at fifty minutes past two. The Eiswick crew took the lead, the Richmond doing all they could to maintain their pace, which was very severe, but on arriving off Searle's, feeling they were no match for their opponets, they stopped short, leaving the Elswick to walk over the course. Final Heat. The Shakspeare, Manchester The Elswick St. Agnes The Feathers This heat was rowed downwards. After the first clip, the Manchester men began to lead, the Wandsworth men being second, St. Agnes third. After a few strokes, the Elswick men began to mend their position, and having dashed by th e St. A gnes , c h a ll enge d the Manchester, and a neck and neck race of the most beautiful descrip tion followed till below the Crab Tree. At Craven Cot tage the Manchesters drew themselves clear, and finally won by two lengths, the St. Agnes being third. PAIR OAR RACE FOR BELOW BRIDGE, FOR PRIZES 'al' 381 . CASH. Only two started, although five were entered in each. White,r e and un n white. teres t ing maw], and th• rowing First Heat at 2 o'clock. G. T. Robins and I. P a l mer , white an d bl ue ; G.Beau an Twas a very d d Of INTHY 41AISBT6 CHELMSFOR ] A great many samples of w year, and they met a slow salt to 2s per qr. on last week's pr. tion, and little business done Wheat., white, old, per s. s. qr. 54 80 new 58 80 red, old 56 73 now 56 73 Barley 29 36 Chevalier 29 37 Grinding 27 33 ➢Talt 68 72 Chevalier 70 74 D—Atia. 10. heat to -day for t t o l firoa a t an abatet ae Po ces. to:i i All e lse with old i n any clescriptia 0 , per 4r ..'''' , Oats Peas Partridge...li ' Wh ite ........ Dun ,..... ,.. Beans, Tick figror o Ditto, n . ....,...,......... 10. ril COLCHESTER— AO• t it i!.O de A clin sm e. all ß su ar p l p ey ly a o n f d 17ehaenast,atthiaesttorsedeek,:TrIcas, ro peas 2s per qr. cheaper. i bit,rto l Prices to-daywere as follow .—W he3 "' 'C V I°. ' 14° red, 68s to 74s ; barley, 32s t0.34s ; 041 , -, - , s , to i 9 i Mazagan, 40s to 42s ; middle and sinsA "' white, 46s to 48s ; grey, 38s to 40s. " M A . , 0 Official Statement of the Quantities of °- in the port of London, from the followi'lg clusiv 3, Aug., the Gth to the 11th both in 1 , Ii i ) .; 1- g 4 I --1----1 Colchester I 311 —_ i 4041 i -- ,1 Harwich 33,3 Leigh lelaldon ;1550? --- KIRKCALDY--AUG' 9 ' 1 9 ; . Oats. ,' 0 i First Wheat. I Barley. i..Oa 0 i 80s Od I 38s 0,1 1 5 4 oil Io' Second Third 7os Od als Od 280 ---e 41 35312,-- A n USD 0 00 $ COAL MARKET. --,--6 e a t b Prices of Coal per ton at the close s. d. AY) vi r o llse Bebside's West Hartley 19 6 Tanfield Moor l6 0 b ev ersoo'''" * „ , .. , ', West Riding Hartley _lB 6 Richl e , ll ' Grey's West Hartley 6 Eden D. 3— '''' Tanfield Moor Butes 16 3 Belm ont Wylam 19 0 Elasscell .": ' Elettoo ''' ~."' riuni or h S Rusell's tet' Wallsond, &c. Acorn Close Gosforth Heston l9 3' l Sent- art , o"' .- 7 20 o;Ste v; . ~"' / 0 Heaton ~.,„ ~,, Whitworth Framwellgate lB o.Casor3l,:r„,"; 20 6 10 ' 3 ' 20 ii rtleP a° '/ Adelaide Tees 2l 6 South gaiioo,,,, Derwentwater Hartley 19 OlSouth g e ' .. .„ P . Ships at market...ss 1 801 d SEABORNE 041fiS' t o - (N ig•titfles that the mails are sen_ 4 t fr e lst o) / by the night—and M by the morning _, Day wacri In a in General FO4'p . Offi ce , Loadf:..., COITNTRIEg, !Every Frida' America(byßrit.pack)N Americe. (by United Sta.' packet) ..........N America (by U. States packet) ... . Australia (via South ampton) ..........M Ditto (via Marseilles) N, Ditto (via Cape of Geed Hope) ............ N I Africa (West Coast) ..N1 Alexandria.. - - ....N I Alexandria.. - - - -31 Bahamas ...........M Belgium ............NI Brazil ...... ~, „ ~..MI Buenos Ayres ........M Capo of Good Hope ..N Cape of Good Hope ..N Cape de Verde N Ceylon (see India) Ceylon.. - .... , N .. 1 14.1. 01,0 , 2 nr ,e n c t .2 11 0 1; 0 ; 001 1 po no o , o Channel Isles - .... N MOTI.,Wed. ,. „ o th IP' Chili..- M 2d Pr•l7th of T ll- ' ,' Constantinople N China ... . Constantinople ........14th & 20th ofai ' , , t i? , flz i f s t , Cont. of Europe M & NiTwice daily •• " -• 10 0 Egypt (see India) 1 .. . pf i t's ili llf France ........ M & .NiTwice da117..,• , ; (0 , • 4 0 Gibraltar ..... M14,7, 17, 2 0,9 ' 0 ,51 6 ,0 1, Greece (see India) 1 efl•l° '' Greytown M 2nd & 17th of to 00 11 :i ll . Elamburgh N,Tuesday & iti: fo u ,e l f , , '" b Havannah AI i2nd of the ino po ~ i P i ' oo ° Holland ... -- - -31 DailY• ••• ' • ~(11.; ,40 o' Honduras M 17th of the lao- 00 .1 1, 1 00 . ..0 India (viaSouthampt.)M 4th & 20th of w 0 01f,° 0 0. 1 ..." India (via Marseilles)M 9th& 25th of 01 ;', 01 3 1 o° A ylir , lonian Isles (see India) 7, 17, &27 of , %AO' !Ireland ........M & NlTwice daily . i' 0 1, 40 0.0 Lisbon M 7,9, 17 , & 2 2„,411,0',, Madeira M 9th of the a'''' 'l,' • ~e Madeira N 23d of month ' ... 1 '4" 8, is, &28of 0 .. I Yalta (see India) oo• V° / I Malta ............ ~2i Mauritius (see India) ofiti ) ,'''' Mauritius N 14th of the In 0 ., Mexico M 2nd of the iro n a. Naples...„ /c s th i mi abthow- a , je e", New Granada AI ;cid & 17thof la° f_ .4 00 . 6/ Now Zealand „lby private shiP ;,, Du' Papal States ~ .... Nlsthlsth2stholai°o. SOO Peninsula M 7thl7th27the n .., o ° .. ,67400 1 ,, I Peru B 2, 1 ,t, 27th of +•••- Y ii o o ,o t i 0.90 Port Natal N By private sla n ' o % . ll°,4', Sicily •• •• • • N sthlsth2stho fin- 0, , I Tuscany N stl,lsth2sthofolotp .. . Venezuela ... 31 F 2d6 17th of 11/ I Van Diemen's Lan d (see t i Australia) .......... o th ' 0 lf" West Indies M 2d& 17th 0 1 ts n 0:i 01 SOO 4 O When any of these dates fall on a -„, aa ,pll spatched on the following day, with tu.,''bielkr • Southampton). and the Malta, both o f " ,f 4, preceding day. ___.----7 of 00014/1 -.. __-_----- ' r ' tb° I 'oo 1 PISCATORIAL SPORT. -During ep..,11. of gentlemen were ang ling in the 'oucerof:dl Mr. B. S. Oliver, of Nottingbolnt ory,,t"/ a large salmon, which took bin' tl ir e leF il it y fts , of land. It was a remarkably fin e _ 4 4o. - . 04 , in length, and weighing news P SI) I' iO ll Mercury. ..,.0 O. A i [ADVERTISEMENTI-HollOw., if r. i, 0 1 P' intliN h i the cure of Female Complaints . llol7 , o )fils . 1)1 , South Cave, informs Professor -,,,r ra SibnitiO' dated Sept. 26, 1854, that ..... - „'h000), it 0 i was afflicted for a long tine ' 4 ' of ' it r mach (which occurred at the to boa sll l I' , ° e t. 6 4° 0 indications of dropsy ;in fact, igo A Il i told that dropsy was her coreP esgioja - e ke ;1 mately thrown on a bed of 0 ' o iler 0 „jor I meneed using Holloway's Pill s j aoe c i .. Il r i she was completely cured, a n , i t boT e# oo,Bo,' health, better than ever she f ell yre' 0 6 vendors of medicine, and ~,at r - establishments, 244, Strand, Iv lane, New York. [ADVERTISEMENT.]-Du BarrY'o Food cures indigestion (dyspeP sia, rheea, dysentery, nervousness , plaints, flatulency, distension, a Ol of the heart, nervous headaches , and ears, pains in almost ever" reux, face-ache, chronic inflaniro; of the stomach, pains at the P 3 °, the shoulders, erysipelas, erupt' carbuncles, impurities and P° yer Aire) cough, asthma, consumption, „ nausea and sickness during pregl: low spirits, spasms, cramps, " I st ), debility, inquietude, sleepless lee.,_ paralysis, tremors, dislike to 50c1 7 1 of memory, delusions, vertigo, h l°„ melancholy, groundless fear, thoughts of self-destruction, a°' It is, moreover, the best fov , " generally, as it never turns acic..,., nor interferes with a goo d libeP _..„, healthy relish for lunch and aim t i" , of digestion, and nervous a_ ll ~g 1 most enfeebled. In whooping co or wind pox it ren" -- , by romoving all inflammato r i g : In canisters, 11b. 2s, 9d.; 21b: The 121 b., carriage free, 'on roc eiP e b o t, Du Barry & 77, itegelt s , vn t • Piccadilly; 60, Co., raeechurch - s," i f 4, Che,apside ; 60 and 68, C or ' 55, Charing-cross; 54, upper , Oxford-street ; 89, High - st ree ttav 1 ,10/ mall; 7, Pall-mall-East; 132, : tre et la doo o r comb-street ; 13, King Will ianin- f arr7os street; 21, Cockspur-street; 95,006 Paul's Churchyard; 6 Edward -4 ••........ —••• "poc ........ • ,23d of the Mon 90 18, 9, 24, & 30 o_foini.:.soati.:4l, ,4th 20th of m..01t0f,,, 17th of them °" pOT i ol! I Daily .. .. •• • • 50 , 7 1 ;01 ,1 19th of the mon .nti 9th the Month" •1,701oe':, 9th of tba tnoOth 1 414 id kaa e ' carat / Ir e ! , k kabl th e M: 151 di; eth r4re; td t kki ePi n , 4., 11 ' lar 4 e e ' next q Ni` l efroa , a kii4The ,;, it 4 ,, t , it, , wi t i l , dt k k: 4l bvt a I 4 4 '''; ‘r . ''' 44 ev ' '• 79 N . 4t eet, 1 0 ; -------- P t ° 44°1 tOt y lli gtlc,, ' „ r' th 4l4 Itl '1,14 e Rai i ,r, EW 1 f tt c.kt , ,o tb %t I }'l 'e 1 'iZ 4t, o t t 7'll Ir tit 1 , 4 t , 11 .ti k" 14 th e tt il„lk i l i cl 1 1 :: 114 , 1 ? Z efl ot 'I' ll tal ei /1, kia'. ll,, tio7; 4 r . ~ , 4 ,,, ,L. ro .. / 'i' k l i tl u : hi tb v S,y, /. • 'tip. - 0 o., ht fjr k r, :bp ki, 411etio,4Q: • to 'L b ot: 1 4" co 4; , 010 4 1 1 Dro . rVat 1 t, 1 1 1 , ) 1 44'N0ti °44 41 tk o , int tri,' k r ' l / 4 14 1 '14 4r„,, , ,, Otat'forlt BIRT .SO ' oy SOO' o , o ocl On the 12th inst , at 32, 100211.1004, wife of Richard Baxter,. Esq., eo "'TWO! On the 19th ult , at Governm, foundland, the wife of his Excebe ling, Esq. Ott the 12th inst.,OaFt lAlo7lAdellsfovi:: the Christie On the Es q . OP 11th inst ,in Saville -OW,. -,/ On the 13th inst . , at Denntarls•hilb rweger, Esq . ~ T 1). M A 1 011' 140./10011151,1 Dt3olora:rvonsef:tahnes,7Ft.,hssien: a t St• Peter% is 1,0 Thames, Charles, 'eldest son of P D '''' - 1 41 "'f t 0 Me • 31 r d y : f On of ma r t s h i j ini e fic l B ou . i eGnnsie:ton.lc,:aeftaasitic'e: h;ripsirehlor.fisr;Pel):::: 1 11: 0 1 ; v 4 4 1 : i E 1 01° ,01 0 ao'll:silet:utffsdajßueffreYo Esq., . b ghter'of w. jati:Vie: -I' 01,, 4 t*r ea, „ t ' a t) LC; rr o.; - , p ov A At 0, of o.d° isleiir 110 00 , .0f , .1 ; .deli C ' o o o2 %o ~Wy 61141 'r' 61 3idi t i' ego f 1 1) 11 'l,Pl)e , deaf° f D tik C) Z part tID, 4 t 5 tOP - 0Y,4, I o f til e d tb: hiol ls o f , e rtl owllij e co' gq 41444 : 1 -kr:' aropci' fta ua, A tit,„',o7 4 fr iiert':vo- o rro v(4 io 00f , ")0 3 ',1e Ik',ll°' tCe jetY, o Ac the od toel .0 13 e , 1 47 1 41 , 0 ' in' a d to iofsY, 1 for the bt 1 " 0 0): ;11},,D i id tr, diet! ai gt e „l„,s , , ,, le 0 ,0 11 , / N:Nb iiler',6oo' 0 ~P i ' ll- 0 16 0 'zii / 0 / 4. 0 mto4; q h 41 )1 ,ugh'. , toe '` 1 !! , 13 1 , an r$ feV e h 11 Pk 4 " . 'N„ 6cl" S. i$ wk 4 S. 6 r e i n 1:0 0f 0 De o too4l rce t '%30,.„ 4 0 011 63 ; t 4: )7 4, 01 . q l 4:?' et ; 9 , t; , ill; 4 sir ee o e , 'Cit0 i ,,, u ;(1 4 % 14 11 1 . 0 . 0 Pvcit)",4l t§ 4 ll D,B, h 1 itroe t _l.l( l° . ° A, k $l4 , • D I •v ) '"'" John ' , r , N -- wks On the 13th inst., at 13rogilit°,13' of /' . \ "'n •,, pg. „IL k s',,,N&',ki of James-street, Adelphi, ""-fv d 7 1evP ; ' ''l On the 11th inst., Robert° ~ °Y 94'' i, N tt k , 1 ,-,_ paYement, aged 84. Caruer°ll' t.O l + j4 k 1, terrace, Eaton eE9atthoni.nssqtu.,arEed:vagaercdi 1130.".,..cr055, to r logoit:. \ 1N,,,,, ..,t. On the 10th inst., at Weepub rfe, 01 4 , . firao se 1 K. Shaw, Esq., aged 5L to ft VI C o f "4. On the 11th inst., at over _ o , i fe •••• wife of the Rev. F. Cunniugh°T;v, the toil' t , On the 11th inst., Mary 130nisice, Clor . e , ~ 9 t lett Thomson, Esq., of Laura I _______ 4 0 1 , 4 N 9 LONDON : Printed and Publieb:at li b i l e 5 10 i9 " 1,4 4' ,, gr :, 1 1t,!ael of No. 112, Strand, Printer,. q ii voi , i'':, l th ''' strand, in the Precinct o f 0 0 70, oo k . t : % a l) A gust 0 0 ' Aliddleou latsclAY, R. 1 34. - iiNci 'tt ' ' 4 .4 th 1 01 '"'S "' V any '. tee Sg