The Sun. — London, England, 1820-09-28 00:00:00

FOR THE SUN. O THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. Mr DEAR' Scpr. 25, Isn. I have read 'over the Essay. I am not very well acquainted with the state of France imme diately preceding the Revolution. The intlis tiuct idea, however, which I have of it is diffe-, rent from•yours, and the cause to which yon at tribute that . Revolution i 4 the very.means in my mind, might haite been used to avert all the misery and, bloodshed which . -accomp" 'allied that melancholy, period 'in the., History. of France. constitution of that- country, ',believe, was •then, as.it ;: was during Napoleon's reign, despotic. 'There ',:vver(.,, two .classes .only in. society, the . Grandee ~.and, the ~Canaille.. Ti%„nod of the Grande : Monatque,was.the law of the country. , .Nothing. in.,..this world remains stationary every thitig s- progteE - StS eiarer towards perfection ' or 4lecay. .:We must admit, that the situation of ,France undersuch _a. state, of things was bad . ctiou , h an • d ,that a prudent politician would have , etKitavpured :•to betterit—that he would have :endcavpurett. judicionsly to supply that link in Spciety w liic.h was -necessary to unite the gene ralAutt.rests of the country, by forming a middle c!,,ss of rw,:iNctability. The very term which was . 'too generally used. in. France to designate - the lower class, rnarks the contempt hi it was held. No class of, persons is contemptible. 'Every class has an.appropriateduty to perform, Ind if that duty is well performed, it is respect 'able, and so far from meriting contempt, becatfse the duty is huMble, it demands, in my mind, ,the exertion of the greater kindness .and considera tion froM the higher for that very reason... So far, however, from endeavouring to supply the link that wanting, and to form a respec table-middle class, the Ministers of Louis seem to have endeavoured iniprudently . t6 check the efforts of the more wealthy of the lower classes to rise into respectability and consequence. The beniagogue hailed . the opportunity which was thus presented to him of raising himself into noto riety, and he lost no opportunity ofividening the breach which was thus made between the higher and the lower classes ; and the result was that his efforts were successful, and that his arts and the imprudence - of the MiniStry brought on a Re vOlution, which, was characterized by every thing that is revolting and disgraceful to humanity. It' my view.of the causes which led to the Revolu tion in France is correct, you are wrong in attri buting it to the exertions of the lower classes to rise into respectability, That the lower classes became licentious is true, and that they were most. licentious when the first act of violence was Committed is also true ; but that is not the pe riod which can fairly be called the beginning of the Revolution. It had begun' long before. The disease had heeniong, and it strikeS me, not se cretly, spreading. • I have not time to .go into a very long disser tation, btit it appears to me fiat the present state Of things i❑ England does not sa much resemble the state of France at that time. In one thing it does resemble it perhaps, and that is the selfish feeling .which pervades every class. • No class is willing to sacrifice one comfort, or the enjoyment of one luxury, to save the country frOm ruin, and therefore; instead of there being one general in terest,' there are a thousand, each of whiCh must, in some degree, clash ,with the, other. . . By whom" is the example. to be set, by the higher or the lower class 6 ? It strikes me, that if we saw the higher classes of society setting an example of well-regulated economy, and self-de nial, it would not want followers in the other classes. Ido not, mean to say, that there are not many nobleman and faMilies of rank whose Conduct is exemplary, and whose fortunes are spent with honour to theinselves and advantage to the Country.; but.l believe in my conscience that their numbers are fewiTand. that so far froin attributing the present discontented state of the country to the •eXtraiitgatiCe. and folly of the Middling classes, they no more merit the censure than any _other individual class; and that the higher are just as much to he blamed , as the mid dling; and, perhaps, a great deal more. It is not the middling class only; which has been living beyond its means; it is every other class, and dow it is necessary that every class should recede and return to its. former style. A general sys tem of economy, and :of enlarged and liberal notifies, can alone save the country from ruin, and the horrors of a Revolution.. It is n:it a mean vacillating systeni of temporary .expedi ents that will do. It must be a system that is decided, energetic, and equal to the emergency. The ship_ has been shattered in the storm, and it is not by stopping a few cranks for . the moment, that we can hope to save 'her from going dOwn----= she must' undergo a ;general and thorough repair, or s ip never can float again. We are continually - dinned with lamentations on the State of .the Press. It is licentious enough we all kno4. , It is shocking to reflect 011 the poison whiOCk weekly, and even daily infused into the minds of the Lower orders. 13ut, is not• the Min'ister who idly stands bewailing the mischief that is done, without endeavouring 'to administer the antidote,- just as, - or at any rate almost as culpable, as, the villain - who doles.out the poison. In my mind, he ,is so, and there fore I am . sick of the hypocritical. cant' of Lord CASTLtREAG/I.and Mr. CANNING; who are con thinally exerting their : elpqtience. to convincethe Peo,p - le that HO N E. and Woo-01es publications are mischievous. . and wicked, and the cause of . the present disturbed state of the country. - • - To sum up all, I have to say—you seem .to represent Lputs ;Is he was ; a good and amiable King', with weak . and bad Ministers. The pa , palace ambitious, licentious, and sanguinary— awl the power . of 'the _Nobles diminished _and contemptible ; England, you say, presents a similar scene. The, middling classes swelled to a disproportionate 6ize; and ' eucroaching-upon the higher---,the shop-keeper, and the farmer grown Jine.and lazy, and as vicious as his betters: The Chureh.negleoted and the ale-house the bible Mouldering on the shelf, and HONE'S and WOOLER'S the only creeds studied by the ap prentice and plough-boy, and that hence the chain of subordination has become deranged,: and the Country involved- in overwhelming difficulties. Such: , is your picture of the state Of Pance ancr A ,England. In a .feW words, I haveisaiil enoirgh to shew you . how, mine differs front yours; so that I need not repeat it. YQU. Me diCal, but if I had.tinie I could justify my feelings -upon this subject. I hope what I have said 'will not be disagreeable, because it. so widely '.differs with your sentiments: 'No one 7 kicks more under the probe of criticism than I do, and therefore I should, -if had had time, have endeavoured to handle the knife more tenderly, and - to have tied up the womided limbs of your treatise With greater skill, by •?pplying - tnore minutely my'obs'erVations to the E:say, .and thn's enabling you, if you agree with me, to correct the one, with the other, with - the greater ease. But be pleased to accept it, gOod sir, as it is, for I am fain to believe it worth the little fee of one groat which you marked in the Papers; and though it may not carry with it the appearance of much. sagacity, it willser thinly spew my liberality, as many an unhappy scribbler would have demanded at least one guinea for so long a critigne; and therefore em bracing you .with all fraternal regard, believe me still '• Your affectionate, obedient, and most humbr6 Servant, .IEOFFRY COOSEQUILL, Esq. FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE. NAPLES !INTAPLEi, SEPT. s.—The GIORNALE .CONSTI TIJIONALE of the kingdom of the TWo Sicilies gives the names.of 15 persons elected as Deputies to the Cortes. The chief of them are His Emi nence Cardinal Giuseppe Firao Alexander Be gani,:Major-General ; Chevalier Melchiorre,id vocate ;' , Alessio Pellicio, secular priest; Cheva- Her Illatteo Galde ; Ferdinand V isconte, Colonel ; and Tito Berrie, advocate.' With the expedition which set sail for'Sicity on Saturday last, Lieu tenant-General Florestano Pepe,. the brother of the General-in-Chief, embarked. General Flo restano,Pepe is nominated General-Commandant of the Neapolitan army in the dominions beyond the Faro. This General fought Long in Spain and in -the North. In the war of Spain fie gained the 'Cross of the Legion of Hon Our in the breach of Tarragona, heading a.. column of Frenchmen. He was-then in .the staff of the Marshal Duke of Albufera. He acted at the siege of Valencia with the Neapolitan troops, and was appointed to escort to Paris the Captain-General Blake, who was made a prisoner in that campaign. In the retreat from Moscow he, commanded the bri gade. of two regiments of Neapolitan cavalry, who saved the Emperor near \Vilna. In that retreat 'General Pepe, with the two Colonels, the Doke of Roccaromano and the .Prince of Campana, gave, proofs of extraordinary bravery, although:they suffered much from the intense frost. General Pepe afterwards shut himself up in Dautzic ; and, though not recovered in 'his health, served with singular activity and intelli gence with the 'French, who at that ,time bore honourable testimony to the .brave. Neapolitan troops, who showed themselves worthy of the praises of the noble and intrepid General Rapp, whO commanded them. • The, Gioriutle Conslitu tionale contains 'five Royal ordinances, issued by the Duke of Calabria, the Hereditary Prince and Vicar-General 'of the kingdOm. The principal articles of them are as follow FERDINAND 1., 14 the Grace of God, King of the Two Ski-. lies, of Jerusalem, &c. &c.—We, Francis, Duke of Calabria, Hereditary Prince and Vicar-Generali considering the ne cessity of givin g to the National Army an imposing attitude in order to make the independence of the nation respectd : • liming seen that by the ordinary conscription there cannot be obtained the noble object of raising in an instant au ex ' perienced Army : Considering that the kingdom is not deficient in brave soldiers, who, in the last war, have left behind them in foreign countries an admiration of their courage and intrepidity; and that the recall of those brave men under their standards wonld show how strong is the sentiment among an energetic people; and lastly, considering that the demand for extraor dinary services front these gallant men should be followed by a liberal provisi4n fur their familks from the nation, we have bt en pleased, by the advice of the Provisional Junta, to decree as follows: I. All thoSe are called into'active service who entered the army posterior to 1806, and who are not past folly years of age. 2. The extraordinary service which they are called to per form in the active army will nut exceed six months. , 3. Those who haVe families shall receive a carlino a day, payable t o those families in their communes. 4. The assembling of these individuals shall take place in the middle of the month of September, at the chiettowns of their provinces; and at the end of it they shall join the corps of the arms• in their districts. 5. ()Ur Ministers of War and of the Interior are charged with the execution of this decree. Naples, Sept. 3. • (signed) FRANCISCO, Vicar-General. (Counter signed) The Minister of War, CARASCOSA. FEenmivsn 1., by the Grace of God, &c. We, Francis, &c., knowing that the force of an established Government consists less in a standing army than, in the Na tional who are tlie principal support—the public strength : Considering that the National Militia of the Kingdom hare made known to the nation-all the advantages of their institu tion ; that, to,render this force imposing, it is necessary to extend it, and to enlarge its organization already adopted : We have dccreed as follows : Art. 1. The Regiments pf Militia actually existing in the provinces are upheld in their tar sent state of organization. Art. 2. Besides the Militia :actually existing there shall be raisyd, in every province, a legion couo. - osed of individuals of the. age of from 21 to 40, who are neither at present perma, newly in the .At my, nor Called temporarily into active service. Art. 3. Till a more correct, organization is adopted. the prtsrnt shall be followed, of dividing the militia into districts and provinces. Art. 4. Contains particular and local regulations. Art. 5. States the exemptions of priests—of those in civil employments, &c. Art: G. - The militia shall not, except in case of war,' be re quited to serve beyond their circle, district, or province. Art. 7. I n ca s e o f b e i ng required •to serve beyond their own b o o n d s , everyindividual sball - be paid at the rate of 25 graita a day. Aft. 8. The Uniform of the Legionaries . shalt be Breen, with a button that shall announce the province , to which they brlnog. - • There are seven other articles-of local regulation... The third decree'establislies a battalion of GOO men for the Calabrias. • Ferdinand L, by the gra . Ce of God, &c. &c. We. Francis, &c. Sre —era Ling into consideration the claims of those otti cers who, by the circumstances of the last campaign in Italy, were deprived of their employments, and wishing. to give therb an opportunity of rendering their services to us and the nation Worthy . of "attentiotr:-wisciing to enable those individuals who, as .fpreigners,. were deprived of the rank which they . held as:officers' 111 - the Neapolitan aimY; and filially, desiring to render useful to the StatifThe services of o many..nieritori on officers', _who, by venous eitcoo'f i l n ; 4l ' 'have been attached. to the staffs of the ditferont garrisons, to the thitd and fourth class;with the'dusiin of isateriotatrng their condition, we hare teitolvra to decree, and have decreed ac foilt;ws:— Art. I. All the officers who,.in She campaizit of .IRIS, or afterwards, were deprived of their employments, or who after wArds were distuiiteli- as foreigiters, are ailowed azain the power of serving, if they choose, as volunteers in the e'xpedi foot to Sicily, in the manlier whiCh shall he 'presented. ' • Art. 2. The oflicces who;now are attached to the fit-it and garrisons, and to the third and second class of the.staff of th e fourth class, and who shall offer to serve with their respective ranks in the volunteer corps or in the provincial roil ia, who will poss.. nn to Sicilyohollenjoy the pay of the second class, or of their own rank, as soon as they shall he admitted intu the service. Art. 3. If the indiVidnals mentioned above refuse to enter the service, they shall lose. all right to the consideration of the'Government, and will rem hill incapable of afterwards de manding any imelioratiOn of theii condition. Naples, August 20. - (Signed) PRANCISO. - (Counter-signed) CARASCOSA. The sth decree. deprives Prince Castelcicala, Ambassador at Paris, of all his employments, pay, and emoluments held of Government, because lie.has refused to take the oath to th e new Constitution. Another of the same date deprives Carlo Ruff°. the son o Castelcicala, of'•the post of Secretary to the Embassy at Aliv drid, for the same reason. PoirruGAL TO THE PRESIDENT,' MUNICIPAL. mEMISF.IIs, ANn REPRELLEN TATIVEs OF THIS CITY OF LISBUN, AND THE DEPUTIES or THE - GET I Lus The KlNo, our Lord. through the Governors of these his _Kingdoms of Portugal and Algarve, sends to you greet ing t We having already made known the necessity, under exist ing urgent circumstances, of the Convocation of the Cortes, in order therein to treat and discuss with the three estates of the said realms matters-highly important to the service of God, of our said Lord, and the welfare of the ,people ; -in his royal name, we have determined to convene them in this City of Lis boh for the 151 it day of November next, 1820. We therefore strictly enjoin you, on receipt of this, to elect two represents- Alv e s possessing the qualities and citcomstances required by similar acts, who shall come provided With sufficient powers always was the usage and custom), in older through theta and those of the other cities and towns, whom we also charge to assist at the said Cortes, in order to do, transact, and deter mint- on all matters relating to the said purposes; and they will moreover bring with them any statements which may ap pear to o - you most interesting to the general welfare of the na tion, and particularly of this city, and they will present, them selves to the Sccretary of Government for Foreign Affairs,, to wlytm they will deliver in their said powers. And we further trust; that as will in the 'election of the said Representa tives, as every other matter'relating to this affair, von will proceed with all the consideration it deserves. And whereas it is notorious that the people incurred great expences and experienced great hardships during the late War, and it is the will of our Lord that.they should he treated with the utmost consideration, we order that the said Representatives come s ar well a 4 those of the other provinces, under the idea a aided in the expences they may incur in the said Cortes, according to the wants of each place. Lisbon, Palace of Government, Sept. 9, 1 820. (Signatures) C;IBRALcAR. Advices . from Gibraltar, to the 9.d instant, have brought the following Proclamation, issued by General Dos, Lietitenant-Governor of that for tress. It would seem that the contagious disease which his long afflicted Spain, is still committing its dreadful ravages. PROCLAMATION. By his Excellency, Sir George Don, Knight Grand Cross of the Most Honourable Military Order of the Bath, Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Gitelphic Order, and of the Royal Order of ;Military Merit of France, General of his Majesty's Forces, and Colonel of the Stith Regiment of Foot, Lieut,- Governor and Commander-in42hief o f the Garrison and Ter ritory Of Gibraltar, &c. &c. ' Whereas,. by n Proclanuit ion issued on the 2(lth of last month by the Captain-General of the NEaritime Province of Cadiz, it appears that the Epidemic Fever has appeared the town of Xeres ; his Excellency the Lieutenant-Governor therefore directs, that the following Regulations, relative to the inter course with Spain, be observ e d ; 1.. No- Person coming trout any place to the westward of the line commencing at Conil, and passing throng!) Vejer, Me dina, Sitionia, Arcos, , Kornos, - Puerto Serrano, Moron, and Carmona, shall be admitted into the Garrison, until after a, residence, either at Algesiras or at Sara Roque, of ten days (to be certified by the Proper Authorities at either of those places respectively), and producing a Bill of Health. 2. No person residing in this neighbourhood, to the east ward of the above-mentioned line, shall be admitted into the Garrison either by land or water. unless he or she be person-` ally known to - the Oltictrs of the Quarantine Deparlenent, or to the Inspector of Strangers, and shall have come direct from his or her place of abode. 3. Persoos coming by . sea, shall not be received until after a nerformance of the quarantine established; as to.the restive tire places from wheoce they may arrive, except they conic from places actually infected. Vessels from such places will lost be admitted without passing through a foul Lazaretto. 4. Alt Residents leaving the Garrison shall be required to take a ticket from the Inspector of Strangers, specifying the day of their departure; and unless they return within 4S honrs , , they shall be subject to the regulations contained in Article 1, with respect to persons coming from the westward of the line therein defined. Should they nut have passed the said line, a document front the proper Spanish Authorities must be produced of the route they have followed, proving the same to be the'ease. ' 5 Persons coming from other parts of Spain, not in the vicinity of he infected•-district, will be detained at the Cordon until their passports have been .submit ted fur the special con sideration of the Lieut6rant-Governor. All personal baggage will .be sent to the Health Depart ment, and be subject to •t he -regulation; of quarantine. No bedding can be admitted on any pretence whatever.. 7: The eordo'n -is established on the neutral ground in thr same manner as last year ;_ and all persons are enjoined not to attempt to pass the same at any point, except that at which the inspectors of strangers are stationed,, 44 the , entries are . directed to. fire upon any one pet sisting such attempt after nut ice. GEORGE DON. General and Lieut.-Governor. •By Conint:rnd, S. IL CHAPNIAN, Sec. Read-quayters Gilinitar, Sept. i scio. EAST INDIA. COMPANY. A Quarterly General Court of Proprietors of East. India Stock was held yesterday, at the Company's House, in Leadenhall-street, for the purpose: of taking into consideration two Resole. tions of the Court of Directors ;' the : . one recom mending a Grant of 10001. per annum to Mr. Barnard, Deputy Coast Wavehouse-keeper ; the other recommending a Grant of SQO/: per annum to Mr. Mordaunt, jun., Principal Clerk in the Coast 'Warehouse-keeper's - Department. The former was agreed to, after a few. observations from Mr. HUME. On the question being put, With respect to the Grant to Mr. Mordaunt. Mr. liumt rose and opposed it, on the ground that employment might have been found in the India Ilouse for the individual to whom the Pro prietors were now called on to vote a very large provision. Thu lion. Proprietor concluded by moving an 'Amendment, which went to pledge the. Court of . Directors to find some employment in the India House for Mr. Mordaunt. Mr. LowNDEs seconded the amendment, which was strenuously supported by Mr. RIGBY, who, in the course of hii speech, charged the Court of Directors with acting in subserviency to the Boa►d of Controul. The CHAIRMAN (G. A. Robinson, Fsq.) re pelled the statement of the lion. Propfietor, and supported the motion. After a few 'observations from Mr: S'. DixoN, and Mr:STRETTELL, , the amendment was nega tived; and. the - original question carried . : • The Coiiit them adjourned ( s ine die.) I'OR THE SUN. Er 5 6 QUESTIONS AND WER ~ ANSS WOK TH 5 YOUNG POLITICIANS. n nol. Q. Why did She accept, only 3 5 . 7w' I annum,, when 50,0001. were offered to —A. Because a great Politician chose to chase popularity at the expence of '15,00 00 , / , Q. At his own expence :—A. 0129 ,11 " Huit's ! Q. Why did she leave England?- - A• Constitutional reasons—England was t°° for her: WI climate' Q. ay then go to a warmer t. A. For Constitutional reasons—The tiro of the Country were more constitution al those of England. Q. Why did she dispense with her ril l h ' e p , Court I—A. Because they dispensed withpoc Q. Why did she replace her English ants with a set of people, whom her ad ve i l now assert to have been nothing better rogues and ?—A. Non nil ricordo ! Q. Why did she select an italian'foot six feet high, with immense curled W hisker Coy ; her chamber-maid Because it is the tom of the Country. Q. Why did she always manage to private communication between her chatnb er his ?—A. Because . she was afraid of assassin atlv i and because she chose to amuse herself ii quizzing the spies'which surrounded her. Q. 'Do you advance that answer ser ilw —A. Oh yes ! I hear it advanced seriousl%nl times n-day, and I 'understand that it Mr. Baocon.tm's host argument. boa Q. But could she fear assassination 00 - L e a British man of war—the Clorinde, or athan ?—A. Non mi ricordo! PROBATor o'l MEETING TO ADDRESS THE - ' • Yesterday a Meeting of the Inhabitan , faDi ' t James's Parish, 'Westminster, was held li e Assembly Rooms, in Brewer-street, G a ', , square, to Address the QUEEN. )/ At two o'clock the Chair was taken 1 1,, 1 ' B. BEAUMONT, who at great•length statl e Object for which .the present meeting had , V convened. It had always been customary this. country to Address the Throne, eitl' e Dt' the way 'of condolence or congratulation i o ? perhaps there never were more urgent rt l.3 , r for complying with that custom than at tio-'!'l,, sent moment, when t...: proceedings were 13 , 0,' ing against her Majesty. Her life, ever:4 she arrived in this country, was one eont °, t scene of trial, persecution, and woe. M r ; r i then entered into a long detail of the bistn r li, her Majesty's life, and concluded by lli , that the feelings eviwced by every part ° i t empire would also pervade this p o pulon s o rish,and with one heart and one voice theY'. support their injured Queen, and resist a pr.,°` ,. ,. t i: ing totally unknown and unfounded in the li r ' : • e . Law. Mr. BOWIE then moved a series of Resol li !to in which the conduct of Ministers aid .the .1 . 1 . t y ney-General was strongly censured. - lie few observati on s in s u pp or t o f th e - Resoin t ` t and warmly cOntended, that it was in vain expect much justice from that 'tribunal befl which the Queen was now arraigned, frt",i , character of the Judges, and their conneNi° ll , the accusation. Independently of this, the tri l . ) 'o it should be-recollected, was a political de, , l • composed of a miserable oligarchy, who both King and Lords in equal subjection. , o ( then could it be rationally hoped that' the ti' 0; would be impartially treated when such wa i gs t constitution of the tribtina! which tried her, c ° i .' It appeared now, however, that the °Joft.V clanse was to be abandoned, and that - part , I,l l ' Bill merely adhered to which degraded her ; o l ' his conscience he solemnly declared befor e 1" , 0 0 .that were he in her Majesty's situation, he t. l i t rather at once lay his head on the bloc k ov i submit to a sentence emanating from so 111 ' 1 .' 1 1 ; oe a tribunal. The conduct of the .Bishops ' c brV corded with the precepts of the founder of st t? tianity, and presented a melancholy cont r3 is ? D opy the.. example held out by Christ and his 00 pies. H e concl u d e d by mOvie.,3-the Resobl` willich were seconded by a Mr. Young• l or Mr. HounousE came forward amidst ru ne ` o tto plause. Though his sentiments were well 'k' l lo V to his constituents, and indeed to the 1 ,; JO .kingdom, yet he felt himself honoured in v t ti e' that day. called to address them. It was 0 g tot cessary, after what they had heard, for bin' be r into any detail, because he was sure that was but one opinion among the independent the! of the country. It was true, indeed, tintt ' t thi' had the appearance of two opinions, b" t or might be traced to that Most infamouS, cor raP e ter Iluence which Government and its tool' o d cised by its paid press, . its hired spi es ' en' base . suborners •of perjury. - Yet the o trY' lightened inhabitants, not only of thi s coited pi but of almost every part of Europe, ex": s or e the cause of her Majesty, and' with I JP' looked forward to her complete triurriP lb ile trusted the country would not be misled 1400 hopes, because he was firmly persuaG-lA, •' :oioill t the nature of the corrupt system pursued 1r1.014!:i Houses, .Ministers would never hav e b or e forward such charges, bad .they..not been 5,, vet alu lt a majority, and had they not been e, c r iit f el e gardless of the consequences' which tinc t to the liberties, righis,• treasures, and eve:o, 5 blood of the country. .The Hon. Gentil es of great length; entered into a variety of t °ll e l l ac similar nature, and concluded, amidst. Ilwbit'i plause, by supporting the Resolutions; s „rob/ oe tO after some other speeches, &c. were , s s put, and agreed to; as was . also .an.Adde'de, her Majesty; The Meeting then disPers O e l The aquatic procession to present the - ° of the Watermen and Bargemen will c°"sl'.ild upwards of five hundred boats and har4:s;bo44' will proceed,uP the Thames •to Branue house on Tuesday. ' '''RA' NEX' ALI TREE. THg n . Tie 8 Per Per F.A.13 D ue 4 4 , ~:; ' V day -Pr (' z the tr ji an t , ;),