The Sun. — London, England, 1855-03-28 00:00:00

r ---• 4 .F1' 00 ) Mader the measurement of Mr. Buoitstokis. THIS EVENING. be presented THE SECRET AGENT. Principal characters ',by Mr. Backstene and Miss E. Chaplin. To be followed by THE SPANISH DANCER'S. To which will be added HIS LAST LEGS. To conclude with MARE YOUR WILLS. ROYAL PRINCESS'S TREA.TBE, OXFORD-STREET. Under the Management of Mr. Own.= RSAL►. THIS EVENING, Will be presented the original adaptation of Casimir Delavigne's historical Play, entitled LOUIS THE ELEVENTH. Principal crisracter by Mr. C. Kean. To be followed by the popular new Farce, entitled A GAME OF ROMPS. Principal characters by Messrs. Harley and Chester; Mrs. Winstaaley, Misses Heath, Murray, C. Leclercq, Daly, and Tern an. To c oncludo with AWAY WITH MELANCHOLY. THEATRE ROYAL ADELPHI, Proprietor, Mr. B. Webster.—Directress, Madame Celeste. THIS EVENING, wttlre penbrined a new and original Drama, preceded by a Pro logue, and called JANET PRIDE. After which, BETTY MARTIN. To conclude with THE FETE OF NATIONS. R')YAL OLY3IPIT. THEATRE. Lessee and Hanger, Mr. A. Wigan. TR I 3 EVENING. Will be presented the new Comedletta, called TIT FOR TAT, In Which Messrs. F. Robson, A. Wigan, and Miss Maskell will appear. Followed by the Face entitled A BLIGHTED BEING, in which Mr. F. Robson will appear. Arter which, a new Fairy Extravaganza, entitled THE YELLOW D .VARF AND THE RING OF THE GOLD MINES. Characters by Mr. F. Robson, Miss Julia lit. George, Miss E. Ormonde, Miss M4rston, Miss Bromley, and Mrs. kitzallan. ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE. Lessee and Manager, Mr. Wm. Cooke. THIS EVENING, The Gnarl Romantic Equestrian Spectacle called TIMOUR THE TARTAR. After which, the incomparable SCENES in the CIRCLE, and the astounding evolutions of the Four Performing Elephants, with Herr Endersohn's accomplished Performance on the Slick Wire. An Equestrian Spectacle of peculiar construction is in act've pre paration for Easter Monday. Box-office open from Eleven till Four. Stage Manager, Mr. W West. Acting Manger. Nr. W. IL Cooke. Equestrian Director Mr. W. Cooke, Jun. NATIONAL STANDARD. THIS EVENING. For the Benefit of Mrs .R. Homer, Will be performed, LOVE. After which, THE SECOND BRUTUS. To conclude with ASMODEUS, or, the Little Devil. ROYAL STRAND THEATRE: Under the direction of Miss Rebecca Isaacs, THIS EVENING. will be performed THE CRICKET ON THE HEARTH. Cha racters by Messrs J. Nalford, Rogerson, and Kinloch; and Miss Re becca Isaac, Miss Beaumont, and Miss Somers. After which, 'IWAS I. Characters by Messrs. Kinloch and J. Howard; Miss Isaacs, Miss Beaumont, and Mrs. Laws. To concede with TRICK FOR TRICK. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tsui DAY —MorniLg 12 min.aftei 10 I Evenim 58 min.sh. 10 w—hiornini 39 mtn.aftta 11 1 Evening 0 niin.an. 0 THE WEATHER.—Sum Orrick March. 28. THERMOMETER, IN THE GRADE. 50—highest since noon yesterday. 38—lowest this morning and during the night. 43—this day, at noon. 3AROMETER, 30'14. WIND, E.—Light breeze, with rainy weather. e t.T:bt 74, n, LONDON, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 28, 1855. The chief and by far the most important of the Four Points is now under the consideration of the Conference at Vienna. Sinister rumours hare been industriously circulated as to the nature and extent of " the humiliation of Russian power in the Black Sep," which may be insisted ou by the representatives of France and England. It is positively asserted that the cession or even the dismantling of Sebastopol will not be pressed. In other words, that material guarantees will not be required, but that the merely verbal pledges of Russia will be accepted, and security for their duo performance altogether dispensed with. Can this be possible ? Can Sebastopol be per mitted to remain a standing menace to Constan tinople ? A drawn sword impending over the head of the SULTAN, to be released on the first favourable opportunity, when, by the chapter of accidents or the insidious intrigues of Russia, the cordial alliance now existing between the Western Powers may be impaired or dissolved. Is there to be an unceasing source of uneasiness and ex pense to those who have made so many sacrifices in order to obtain a just, honourable, and pro bably permanent peace / Must a fleet be con stantly maintained in the Euxine, to act as a counterpoise to the force which Russia had so improvidently been permitted to retain ? No, it cannot, it must not be ! After the enormous out lay that has already taken place, the heavy bur dens so freely sustained by the peoples of both nations—above all, after the many valuable lives which have been lost during the contest, the mat ter is totally and completely impossible. The ' blood of our departed brethren would cry from the earth for vengeance against those who per mitted it to be shed in vain by allowing the War to be brought to so lame and impotent a con clusion. We shall not, until it is no longer possible to resist the weight of unexceptionable evidence on the point, do Lords PALMERSTON and J. RUSSELL the injustice of supposing that there is any real foundation for these assertions. The very notion is sacrilege ; and as in this country every man is supposed to be innocent un til hi s guilt has been clearly demonstrated we shall not lightly impute so serious a crime to men whom we once re spected —a crime which would involve the neces- shy of a public impeachment, and the heaviest punishment sanctioned by the British law before it could be adequately expiated. We therefore now allude to the statement partly for the purpose of declaring that it seems too monstrous to be at all credible, and also for expressing what, with some rare and insigni ficant exceptions, seems to be the unanimous opi nion of the country on the subject —an opinion which has been promulgated through the public journals of all shades of politics, and which no Ministry could venture to set at defiance. In corroboration of these rumours it is said, and we fear on better authority, that Austria would not feel herself bound to fulfil her contract with, the Western Powers by declaring war against Russia if the destruction of Sebastopol 411°111 (1 be made a sine qua noa, without which there could be no cessation of hostilities Is Germanism then , indeed, so rampant ! Is this to be the end' of the Austrian Alliance, so long waited for, which so many sacrifices were made to achieve, and which was so loudly vaunted by the "Joint-Stock Administration when it was fondly i mag ined that it bad bee n attained? We, at least, were not among these w h o $ by over credu lousness, invited deception. We felt from the beginning that no confidence could be entertained a Government that st i ll in the professions of clutched a portion of the sp.)ils of plundered Pol an d with an iron grasp—a Government alike remarkable in bygone days for duplicity and grasping cupid i ty. Where selfish considerations alone have either with a Government or au individual, i t is impossible to place the slightest reliance on any profession th a t, in all human probability, will be disregarded the moment that safety and conveni ence is in favcur of a total change of policy. We may now form sonic conception of the re• sults that would have attended the admission of a Prussian Plenipotentiary into the Conference. Then, indeed, " confusion would be worse con founded." Tho German Powers, apparently op posed to each other, but really confederates, ready to pack the cards or cog the dice on every occa sion, would play into each other's hands, and ren der the proceedings interminable, nuless, after dis gusting the c•renth and English Plenipotentiaries by vexatious preorastinatfon, they milp r ht et length induce them, from sheer weariness, to assent to injudicious conditions and unreasonable stipula t ions. That evil has happily been averted, chiefly because the conduct of Prussia, s graphically depicted by the Nester of it he British Senate, was too bad to allow of tho concessions required byntEnmucx WILLIAM and his advisers. After many fruitless efforts to obtain the co operation of Prussia, we tardily shook Off the in cubus, and placed her in the state of isolation in which she now remains, and where she must con tinue until the adoption of a more generous and high-minded policy by her Government. We must act in the same way towards Austiia if her conduit require similar treatment. Had France and England acted entirely by themselves—had it not been for the futile attempts to obtain Ger man co-operation, the War would either never have commenced, or would have long since been brought to a satisfactory termination. As it is, we must make the best of a bad bargAin ; but our representatives must be imbecile indeed if they suffer themselves to be deceived, not, merely for the second, but the twenty-second time. The first NAPOLEON had a summary mode o convincing German diplomatists and inducing them to make up their minds as to the course to be adopted. We trust that his worthy successor will be equally decided in his proceedings, and that the represen tatives of England are too well aware of the value of the French alliance to endanger it by any further attempt to conciliate those who are not ' accessible to any but decided argumen ts. It would be altogether erroneous to imagine that the recent extraordinary changes effected in the Criminal Code by means of the Act, 16 and 17 VICT., c. 99, have necessarily conduced to any comprehensive or fundaMental modifications in our system of Convict Discipline—either in regard to the principles of general managenctent, or in reference to the details of home administration. It is not so. The matter deserves to be under stood by the multitude at large ; and, to be so understood, it requires, perhaps, some few words by way of familiar explanation. According to the letter and spirit of the new enactment, all that has been thereby effmted by the Imperial Legislature, has been (immediately) the virtual, and (ultimately) the total and permanent, abolition of the secondary punishment of transpor tation. Correctly speaking, the 16th and 17th VICT., c. 99, has already put an end to the ex isteuce of penal settlements in our colonial pos sessions. Botany Bay has long been nothing more than a horrid memory of the past. Norfolk Island is henceforth to be, in its old capacity, as much a terra incognita to our judicial authori ties as even Cipango was to the mediaeval naviga tors, or the renowned Ultima Thule to the geopraphers of antiquity. The annual crop of felony reaped down in these islands by the two edged sword of justice is no longer to be con veyed away in ship loads to our antipodes, to be there threshed and winnowed under an elaborate system of penal discipline, and afterwards sown broad-east by tickets of leave far and wide over Van Diemen's Land, or throughout the length and breadth of Western Australia. Instead of shoot ing rubbish after this horrible and wholesale fashion upon the shores of our distant colonies, we are from this time forth to gather it up care fully into certain spots selected for that purpose , within the limits of the United Kingdom, there to discover what possible good can be brought about in its regard by a series of processes equiva lent to those of careful sifting and exquisitely cautious disinfection. Otherwise, l e t us say, we I have at length resolutely determined, as we ought long ago, in mere justice and humanity to have determined—not, as heretofore, to relieve our selves of a hideous burden and au almost over whelming responsibility by shifting it from our own shoulders to those of our unfortunate colonial populations. We have resolved in lieu of this, and, as it were, in expiation for our past miscon duct towards our remote fellow-countrymen, to make the best of it ourselves—ourselves to sustain the weight of theburden, and to support, if possible, the consequent and more cumbrous sense of the responsibility. As we have intimated, the CROWN - , the Lords, and the Commons of England' have done all this by the transformation of a Bill into an Enactment. That Enactment has already, we have observed, abolished the whole scheme of our penal settlements ; it has abrogated the entire of one branch in our great system of secondary punishments ; it has totally done away, that is to say, with the secondary punishment of Transpor tation. But--while this recent act of legislation has done all this, it has by no means necessitated, as a further result of the change In the law, any radical or even superficial alteration either in the principle of convict management, or in the de tails of home administration. The principle of management is now, in 1855, to all intents and purposes, identical with that defined thirteen years since, namely, in 1842, by the Earl of DERBY, then Lord STANLEY, in his capacity as Colonial Secretary. The details of administration are at this moment precisely similar to those arranged five years afterwards, and consequently eight years from the present time, that is in 1847. by Sir GEORGE GREY, then, as now, the Minister pre siding over the affairs of the Home Depart ment. Wherefore it becomes manifest that all that has been effected by this notable Act 16 and 17 Vier., c. 99, is, as we have already intimated, the putting an end to the system of convict removal from this country to Van Die men's Land and Western Australia—and the substitution of release by " order of licence" at home for the plan of release with a " ticket of leave" in our remote penal settlements. That is all—voila tout ! The result is simple and easily expressed. But if it is so, it is at the same time most momentous. It involves, of course, an ex traordinary increase of reponsibility upon those hitherto and still entrusted with the guardianship of our criminal population. It requires ou their part a corresponding increase of vigilance, saga city, promptitude, precision, and determination. It taxes all their energies, in short, to the very uttermost. It calls largely, and, moreover, sud denly, upon all their abilities, upon all the re sources of their invention, upon all the stores of their caut i ous and protracted experience. It is gratifyi ng to know that, up to the present junc ture at least, there has been no perceivable defi ciency in any one of these particulars among the 1 corps of officials di recting the movements of the I complicated machin ery of our Penal Adrninistra.- I ti,),. U n d er the adroit guidance and vigilant supervision of the Surveyor -general of Prisons, t Le w h o l e department appears to have worked as stoadily and efficiently as ever-- an d th i s, i emem bered, under the sharpe s t best, be it trial, or deal, or whatever yo u ma y p lease to call it, under The fact: i s pecu. 1 liarly honourable to the - entire Depart ment and ti' t fortuitous u a i t n o us astonishin g pressure of unexp ec t e d circumstances. ; it is especially ho nourable to Colonel JEBB as the Chief of the Department-- now more utterly broken particularly wlign so m an y other branches of the public service have u • • t 4.. .11 I rif NI_LI ON DON. WEDNESDAY ItirrYINCI.- down under equally stringent tests, trials, or ordeals of general and individual efficiency. Honour to whom honour is due—palmam. qui Intruit ferat. While our comments must, in jus tice, upon Those, be sternly condemnatory—it may, fortunately, and with equal justice, upon These, be warmly eulogistic, laudatory without stint, and commendatory without extravagance. Public Opinion is happily endowed at these great crises in the national destiny, not merely with the consular authority, but no less with the Imperial prerogative. It retains to itself the privilege, that is, of distributing deserved rewards—while at the same time meting out merited punishments. As Justice holds in one hand the sword and in the other the balance, so it—Public Opinion—has in one the Civic Crown and in the other the Shell of Ostracism. SOUTH-EASTERN RAILWAY MECHANICS' INSTITUTION, ASHFORD. Yesterday evening Mr. Charles Dickens gene rously did good service to the funds of this excel lent institution, and highly delighted a crowded audience, by reading his "Christmas Carol," in one of the railway company's large workshops at Ashford, fitted up for the purpose. With the great merits of the " Christmas Carol" the public are familiar, but the vitality given to it by Mr. Charles Dickens' extraordinary dramatic powers is indeed surprising. The audience thoroughly entered into the spirit of the tale, sad more than once gave visible evidence of its pathos; while bursts of hearty laughter testified to its rich humour and the comic powers of the author. Captain Barlow, the General Manager of the South-Eastern Railway, who was to have presided, was unable to attend, aid was replaced by the Rev. Mr. Pughe, the Company's Chaplain. LIVERPOOL ELECTION. (BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.) LIVERPOOL, WEDNESDAY, 12 o'CLocK. The nomination of candidates for the representation of Liverpool, in place of Lord Ravenswortb, late the Hon. H. T. Liddell, took place yesterday morning, opposite the Town-hall. 9 o'CLocK. Ewart .. Bonham.. 10 o'CLocK. E wart ... Bonham.. .. 1,398 ... 721 11 o'CLocK. Ewart Bonham .. 2,554 ~. 1,42 G LATEST NEWS. THE BALTIC FLEET. DEAL, WEDNESDAY MORNING. The ships of the advanced squadron have weighed and proceeded for the Baltic, consisting of the Imperieuse, Euryalus, Arrogant, Cossack, Tartar, Conflict, Desperate, Esk, and Archer. VIENNA, TUESDAY EVENING. The political horizon has again become some what gloomy. It is said that yesterday's amference, which was the first on the third point, was not satisfac tory. Although the Western Powers do not insist, on razing the fortifications of Sebastopol, they pro pose other conditions which are not agreeable to Russia. BERLIN, TUESDAY, MARCH 27. A telegraphic despatch from St. Petersburg., dated the 26th inst., states that the following despatch had been received there : Prince Gortschakoff arrived at Sebastopol on the 20th of March. On the 14th the Turkish cavalry at Eupatoria made a sortie, but were repulsed. On the 17th three battalions of Zouaves at tacked the new redoubts, and were driven back with great loss. MADRID, MARCH 26. MM. Weisveil]er and Salamanca have made proposals for the new loan of 500 millions of reals. The discussion on the bill relating to the sale of the Church property is to commence imrnedi- ately. The last news from Cuba is satisfactory. TILE VIENNA CONFERENCE. The foreign journals received last evening refer to the abandonment by France and England of the demand that Sebastopol shall be dismantled as a matter of which there can be no question. When Prince Gortschakoff withdrew his troops from Silis tria last June, after a 40 days siege, the Journal de St. Petersbourg began to speak of " the sham siege of Silistria." The French Government journalsbave begun to affirm that the Western Powers are not seeking to destroy Sebastopol. The onstitutionnel writes :—" The destruction of Sebastopol no longer figures in the number of the stipulations of the Allies relative to the Black Sea, for the reason that the siege of which this place has been the object has never been considered otherwise than a means and not as an end by the Western Powers. What they pursue in common in the Black Sea with their fleet and army is net the ruin nor the capture of a military port—it is the reduction of the forces which Russia has maintained in these parts—it is the species of domination which she exercised, and the privilege she enjoyed there, to the detriment of all Europe, and, above all, of Turkey." VIENNA, March 24.—it was yesterday affirmed on 'Change that the preliminaries of peace had been signed, but nothing of the kind has happened. Very little transpires re.ative to what takes place during the Conferences, but one or two of the "ini tiated" men, who are renowned for their uncom= promising hostility to Russia, have, within the last 24 hours, expressed their belief that a means may be found of making Russia innoxious for the future without insisting on the destruction of Se bastopol. At the Conference of yesterday, which lasted four hours and a half, Baron Prokesch is said not only to have taken the lead, but to have kept it. This morning a Cabinet messenger was to have left for England with despatches. THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL. (From a Second Edition cf the Morning Herald.) ENGLISH cAmp, HEIGHTS' OF SEBASTOPOL, MARCH 11. This evening the Medway arrived with 300 con valescents, all of whom, I am glad to say, were in excellent health, and fit for any duty. This is the largest number of convalescents we have yet re ceived, and, as I have said, all were in an admi rable state. The Trent left Balaklava, this even ing to purchase horses at Varna, and the Hope with ammunition for Eupatoria. Admiral Stewart has returned from the latter town, and resumed his old place in the fleet. General rumour reports that it is impossible to hold Eupatoria against any serious attack of the enemy. Nous verrons. MARCH 12. Sir John M`Neille and General Simpson, who are to superintend the working of the staff and commissariat departments, arrived to-day. The country may rest assured that nothing will go right while our present Quarter master and Adjutant-Generals are retained. But for the positive obstacles thrown in his way Mr. Filder would have kept the troops on ample rations. This is no haphazard remark, but one which inquiry will fully bear out. Lord Raglan and General Airey are answerable for nine-tenths of the disasters which have fallen on our troops, and General Estcourt is far from being without his share of deep responsibility and blame. Yesterday evening Omer Pacha arrived at ICa.miesh, and, accompanied by Admirals Lyons, Brunt, and Stewart, immediately proceeded to Lord Raglan's head-quarters. Shortly aftewards Generals Canrobert, Bosquet, and Sir George Brown arrived, and a loi2g council of war was held, It is generally believed that the Turkish Corn mander-in-Chief came to ask for reinforcements, and also to represent the impossibility of defending Eupatoria against a regular siege. The council lasted nearly four hours, and Omer Pacha returned to Eupatoria this m orn i ng . N e i t h er E ng li s h nor French troops can b e spare d at present for the de fencethat place. During the whole of t o -d ay th e c h urc h b e ll s i n of Sebastopol have been tolling heavily, it is pre sumed for some religious service for the departed _Ern perer. For the first time our tramway was used to-day for the conveyance of shot and shell to the general depot in course of formation about a mile and a half from head - quarters. For some time past the line bas been used for the conveyance of rations of all ; but hitherto no very heavy traffic: has been att enipted. About 6,000 shot and shell were to-day sal:it up to the heights over •Karani, and thence for warded in ou r own an d th e F renc h wag gons to the trerneh es. None of the stationary engines are yet at: work. MARCH 13. `This day the enemy nart at Balaklava made a si h attempt to cut off the wood party of 're nc who are employed in making gabions on tl heights beyond. the marine and rifle camps. ,A,.bout 1,000 French march down to this place each 13 igbd, cut the wood, make their gabions, and re t urn about the middle of the following day. Their usual route to camp is across the plain of Bala "ava, and to-day, while the whole party were q:'llietlY trudging along, each man carrying his ga ,bion, they ware surprised by the sudden appear " let) of about 500 Cossacks along the ridges of the W 'oronzow road. A musket was fired, and at the signal th e C ossac k s instantly closed up and el urged d own upon the French at a tremendous ps •ce• Straggling in disorder over the plain, and ec tcumbered with their gabions, our allies still ih owed a bold front, and tried to collect in time t oppose their assailants, who came on with loud 8l trouts ; but, as it happened, the Cossacks had go r• near, so that, in spite of themselves, the F rench we re compelled to throw down their gabions au A run towards the shelter of our lines. The th ousand g a bi ons thus suddenly cast in the path of th enemy imp e d e d their movements considerably ; ;still the consequences bu might have been serious to s h o French, but that the batteries of the Marines and : Highlanders instantly opened upon the Cossack line. The first shell fired fall right amongst them, killi a g two men and wounding a third. The other gum.; were too much elevated, but still poured such n , s ine m of shot over the heads of the Russians as made them instantly wheel threes, about, and re ;re, • , 3 ith ail speed. At the first alarm a regiment 4, I Zomemes on the heights were under arms, and a. ivauced to the relief of their comrades. Sup wteci by this force, the French gathered up all th eir gabions,_ with o ut molestation from the enemy, wh remained upon the hills. Only one Cossack ad; ced upon the French within 300 yards, and he was lc flied by a random shot which a Zouave took at hin3 _All • to-day the Russian guns over the northern height s of Inkerman have been firing heavily at the few stragglers who have ventured beyond our lines in — search of wood. - No casualties have occurred, as the enemy rarely fire at a nearer range than 3,000 yard 4. Theßussian riflemen, in part of their works, annoy the French much, and have lately cansed them some loss. Beyond this, and the usual pm-. paratiens which we are making to open fire in the way of getting up guns, shot, and shell, there is nothing to report about the progress of the siege. The last of our 13-inch mortars was brought up to head-quarters to-day, and the electric telegraph between head-quarters, Kamiesli, and Balaklava completed. The appointment of Generals Simpson and M‘Neille to exercise a supervision over the dom missariat and general staff has given deep offence to the latter. Yesterday Lord Raglan, accompanied by General Oanrobert, visited Balaklava for a short time. ..:~,; MARCH 14. 'Twice during last night the whole camp was dis turbed by a tremendous fire from the enemy's works. All the picquets and outposts were kept continually on the alert, and twice the Light and 2d Divisions were turned out under arms. The firing was caused by our allies making attempts to dislodge the rifle men, who, bidden in front of the enemy's lines, have lately inflicted considerablemischief. The first attempt was only made by a party of about 100 Masseurs, who, after skirmishing with the Russian marksmen for same time, were, in the end, over powered and driven back by vastly superior numbers. The second attempt was made by a strong body of Masseurs, supported by 200 of the covering party from the trenches. But, during this time, the enemy had received large reinforcements, and the second attack was repulsed with a loss to the French of 50 killed and wounded. The firing completely alarmed the whole camp, and within five minutes after the second attack had failed, two French regi ments, one of Zouaves and one of the line, advanced upon the contested point. Before this force the Russians, though still superior, or at least equal in numbers, instantly gave ground, and commenced a rapid retreat upon their batteries. During this retreat they suffered heavily from the musketry, of our allies. As if they apprehended an immediate storm, the whole of the Russian lines opened fire. Their batteries discharged in regular volleys, which rent the air and shook the earth, as if some terrible convulsion of nature was taking place. The shower of hot and shell. literally fell like hail, and from the state of the ground on the following mcrning, it is calculated that. 100 tons of ammunition were fired during the half-hohr the alarm lasted. More chance shots, fired in the dark, almost completely destroyed one of the English advanced works, and the whole of the remainder of the night was occu pied in repairing it. During the heat of this iron shower the French lay close in the holes and broken ground, from which they had driven the enemy. These they occupied till morning, when from the position of the Russian batteries they were com pelled to retire. In these encounters the French lost in killed and wounded nearly 200 men. The loss of the enemy, who fought under cover, was probably much less. During to-day our right attack has fired some 10 or 12 rounds, to which the enemy have not attempted to reply. This unusual quiet ness has excited much speculation, as the Russians generally give us 20 guns for one. - Ali _get, the celebrated Turkish gunner, has arrived here from Sinope, to superintend the ma nagement of some of the heavy artillery in the trenches. A new long 32-pounder has been added to the battery at the head of the harbour of Balak lava, and still stronger additional batteries it is said are contemplated to secure our depots at that place. The Emperor steam-ship starts from Balaklava this evening for Genoa, to bring up the Piedmon tese troops. MARCH 15. A heavy fire was kept up by the enemy's batteries during the whole of last night, so as to completely shelter their riflemen from any fresh attack from the French. Beyond this nothing worthy of note occurred, except that, for the first time since the siege has commenced, the batteries at Inkerman fired during the night against our lines. All their shot fell short. The weather continues fine and hot, and fever becomes more and more prevalent each day. During the middle of the day, when the sun is - warm, the stench in the camp is posi tively sickening. Some i efforts are now beginning to be made to cleanse the ground ; but, like all other reforms, they come too late. The Russians seem very busy in Sebastopol, es pecially in their advanced work in front of Mala kh off Tower, which it is supposed they are mounting with guns. Lord Raglan and General Canrobert mp.de a minute inspection of the works near Balaklava to day. Official rumours speak of the probability of a serious attack on that part of our defences. MARCH 16. Five heavy guns were brought up to the-batteries by the French to-day. Two:were long 32's, and three long 56-pounders. Fourl3-inch mortars were also get into position in one of our batteries, whiCh I need not further specify. Lord Raglan visited our right attack (Gordon's Battery), and remained in it during the whole of tho early part of the morning. While his lordship was present the battery fired repeatedly upon the enemy, and succeeded in shelling out the Russian riflemen who lay perdu in front. of the lines. Three of them were killed by a shell as they 'ran in towards their own trenches. His lordship expressed himself highly pleased at the high state of efficiency . in which both men and guns appear. Strange to say the Russians scarcely returned one gun for ten of ours. A week ago and a single shot fired from any of the English works would have been replied to with such a volley as would have levelled our works; and to-day, to the intense surprise of every one, their riflemen were driven in almost without their batteries offering any resistance. About an hour after our lines had ceased firing, the enemy fired a few shots, but all fell some 500 or 800 yards behind our batteries. The Russian works appear in splendid condition, and quite crowded with troops, who show them selves without hesitation, even in the midst of the French fire. General Canrobert visited Balaklava to-day, and inspected the whole of our line of tramway. lie also visited the deplt and sanatorium on the hills, and afterwards rode to the out-picket post, from whence a good view of the Russian position on the Tchernaya can be obtained. There seems not the least chance of our opening fire for the next ten days or a fortnight, and the results of our bombardment are still open to the widest conjectures: General Jones has done much ~to reform the system on which our batteries were placed, but in the presence of an active and deter mined enemy a mere change in the engineering de partment is not enough. Sooner or later the country will discover where the change is wanting. 11.30. Ewart Bonham Majority The contest appears to create comparatively little excitement. COURT CIRCULAR. The Queen and Prince Albert, accompanied by the Princess Royal and the Prince of Leiningen, visited the Duchess of Gloucester, at Gloucester House, on Mon day evening. The Royal suite consisted of Lady Churchill, the Earl of Listowel, Major-General Bou verie, and Captain Da Plat. Prince Albert rode on horseback yesterday morning, attended by his Equerry-in-Waiting, and visited Messrs. Robinson and Coltain's factory at Pimlico, and honoured Mr. Bacon by inspecting his cast for the statue of Men deissohn. Prince Arthur and the Princesses Helena and Louisa visited the Zoological Gardens, in the Regent's-park. The Princess Royal and the Princess Alice took equestrian exercise in the riding-school. Her Majesty had a dinner p — arty in the evening. The company included the Duchess of Kent, the Duchess of Cambridge, and the Princess Mary, the Prince of Lei ningen, the Lord Chancellor and Lady Cranworth, the Danish Minister and Baroness d'Oxholin, Baron and Baroness Usedom, Lady Fanny Howard, the Lady in Waiting to the Duchess of Cambridge, the Earl and COunte,s of Roseberry, Viscount Torrington, Lord Hey tesbury, the Right Hon. Pemberton Leigh, Colonel the Hon George Upton, and Baron Knesebeck. The Duchess of Atholl has succeeded Lady Churchill as the Lady in Waiting to the Queen. Earl Somers and the Hon. Mortimer Sackville West have relieved the Earl of Listowel and Sir F. Stovin in their duties as the Lord and Groom in Waiting to her Majesty. The Duchess of Kent, attended by Lady Fanny Howard and Sir George Couper, visited the Duchess of Gloucester, at her residence, Gloucester-house, on Mon day evening. The Duchess of Cambridge and the Princess Mary, and the Duke of Cambridge also visited the Duchess of Gloucester on Monday evening. The Lord Mayor attended the Queen's Levee on Monday, at James's Palace. • A deputation from the Steam Shipowners' Association of London bad an interview with Lord Stanley of Al dt-rley ye , terday, at the Board of Trade. The deputa tion consisted of Mr. Anderson (chairman), Mr. W. J. Hall, and Mr. Morgan (secretary). Dr. Paris had a❑ interview with Sir George Grey yesterday, at the Home-offico, to present his annual report. * A - deputation on the subject of the Central American Steam Navigatior Company, consisting of the Right Hon. T. M. Gibson, M.P., Mr. Bright, M.P., Captain L. Vernon, M.P . Mr. Jackson, M. P., Sir Gore Ouseley, Mr. Holroyd, Mr. William Morgan, and Mr. Yowls , (solicitor), iiatl an interview with Lord Stanley of Al derley, on Monday. The Queen, we understand, has been graciously pleaeed to excuse the Duchess of Sutherland, Mistress of the Robes, from all attendance at Court, until the family ninurning for the late Lord Frederick Leyeson Go iv( r shall have expired. The Duke and Duchess of Cleveland, who have bkt en entertaining a succession of visitors at his grace's spi•ea did baronial seat, Itaby Castle, are expected to arrive at Cleveland House, St. James's-square, the second week in the ensuing month, for the season. The Earl and Countess of Harrington, who have been seeing company the whole autumn and winter at Elves ton Castle, come to town shortly to Harrington House, Palace-gardens. Lord - and Lady Gough are shortly expected at Loughcooter Castle. Lady Georgiana Burghley and youthful family have left the Countess of Langford's, in Bruton-street, for Burghley House. The noble lord is doing duty as calomel commandant of the Northamptonshire Militia. The Calcutta, with the Ist Royal Lancashire Militia, arrived at Corfu on the 16th inst. By the death of Sir John Keane, and of the Rev. Dr.. Parkes, 3,000 acres of land, near Lisinore and Tallow, fall to the Duke of Devonshire. COURT-MARTIAL ON LIEUT. SANGSTER, R.M.—Oa Monday the court-martial re-assembled, and the defence of the prisoner was read by Lieut. Prynne. Several witnesses were examined, and the court adjourned to Tuesday. Mr. Paul and Mr. Hogarth had the honour yesterday ' of submitting to her Royal Highness the Princess Royal a proof of the "Field of Battle," from the Princess Royal's drawing, of which her Majesty and the Prince were pleased to express their highest approval. NEW PHILHARMONIC SOCIETY.—The second concert of this society takes place this evening at Exeter Hall, the proceeds of which are to be devoted to the use of Sr. Mary's Hospital. A surplus of some 4001. has been already secured. SIR HENRY BISHOP'S CONCERTS.—Last evening Sir Henry Bishop gave an evening vocal concert at Exeter Hal, consisting of solos, glees, quartettes, and concerted music, selected entirely from his own works. We need not say that it was entirely successful. Mr. Sims Reeves was encored in the " Pilgrim of Love," and the same honours awaited Miss Birch in "Bid me discourse," and "Lo ! here the gentle Lark." The choruses were in the most efficient train;ng, and the hall was crowded to excess. We believe another entertainment will be given on the 16th of next month. _ DEATH OFMII.NV:T • GURNET. -Mr. William B. Gurney, the short-band writer to tke House of Lords and Commons, died on Monday morning, at his residence, Denmark-hill, Camberwell, in the 78th year of his age. His death was somewhat unexpected, as the state of his health was such as to encourage the hope that he would be able, on the first Thursday in May, to lay the founda tion stone of the Jubilee Building of the Sunday School Union, of which, in 1893, be was the founder, and of which he held the office. of President up to the time of his death. GAS MONOPOLY.—A very tumerous meeting of gas consumers, south of the Thames, was held on Monday night, at the Southwark Literary Institution, Borough road, for the purpose of adopting measures to defeat the bill now before Parliament " for altering the districts within which the Phoenix, South Metropolitan, London, and Surray Consumers' Gas Companies may supply gas within the counties of lurrey and Kent." THE MAILS.—SOUTHAMPTON, March 27.—The Penin sular and Oriental Company's steam ship Madrid, Cap tan Co ik, left this afternoon with the usual mails for Vigo, Oport.), Lisbon, Cadiz, and Gibraltar. She has on board 20 passengers, 32,1371. in sjecie for Lisbon, 31,240/. ditto for Cadiz, and a full general cargo. The Euxine. Captain J. Weeks, with the heavy portion of 03 India and Mediterranean mails, is expected about the 4th pr !ximo. The Tagus, Captain Joy, with the India and Ci•ina mai:s, is hourly expected. She will depart with the outward portion of these inails on the 4th of April. Ilia Royal Mail Company's steam-ship Tyne, Captiin Lewis, is one with the West India, Mexican, and Pacific mails on the Ist proximo. The Tay, Captiin Moir, will take the outward portion of these mails on the 21. The Solent, Captain Jellicho, is the next ship to arrive, with the mails from Buenos Ayres ' Monte Video, Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, Pernam buco, St. Vincent, Teneriffe, and Madeira. She is due on the 16th of April. The Great Western, Captain BeVis, conveys the outward portion of these mails on the 9th proximo. The United States mail steam-ship N n w Ar i hi t u o s n u , a C i Captain an C , a . v r e r n e d n y c , will 1 leave g sh o u t i t a a ro iy s p t t o o morrow afternoon. THE MEDITERRANEAN, MALTA, MARCH 22. By the arrival of the Canadian, the Eagle, and Colombo, from the Levant, we have dates to the 14th from the Crimea. The siege operations have not yet commenced, yet the preparations on both sides are carried on with great energy. A ltter from an officer to his wife is before me. It says, a poor fellow has just been brought in with a leg shot off by the opening of the guns of Sebas topol at noon. Orders have been given that, at 2, all our batteries shall open fire on the enemy. Thus may we believe the siege has begun. On the other hand, another letter states that, at a council of war recently held, it has been unani mously resolved not to attack, but to invest, the enemy's fortress. The army of Liprandi will be attacked without loss of time, and so of that of the other Generals. In the meantime the destruction of Odessa has been determined, and a large fleet, both of English and French, have been named for the work. Odessa fallen, the occupation of Perekop, Anapa, &c., will ensue, and the enemy be thus cut off from the means of sending troops to the assistance of Sebastopol. The - names of the vessels to be engaged in the destruction of Odessa are, according to the correspondence of the Portajoglio Maltese, the St. Jean d'Acre, flag of Admiral Sir E. Lyons, Aga memnon, Hannibal, Princess Royal, and Royal Albert, of the line ; and the frigates Highflyer, Niger, Tribune, Terrible, Sidon, Wasp, Curacoa, Vesuvius, Sphynx, Inflexible, Valorous, Diamond, and Leopard. It is very currently reported here that no im portant operations against the enemy will take place until the Sardinians have reached the East. THE CRIMEA. A letter from Varna, in the Ost. Deutsche Post, says :—" The news from the Crimea come down to the 12th. The allies were then observing with great attention the proceeding:4 . a the Russiam in the valley of BaiJar, and were expecting au attack on Bahl:lava, particularly as they had learned that General Wa , ,ner had received reinforcements from the corps of General Liprandi. The Russian forces are said to.be distributed as follows :—At Perekop is encamped the corps of dragoons, a division of light cavalry, .and various other detachments, amounting in all to 20,000 men, under the com matid of General Pawloff I. At Simpheropol there are about 45,000 men, commanded by General Read. Near the Belbeck, General Osten-Sacken's head-quarters have been placed with 50,000 men, including the garrison of Sebastopol. On the Tchernaya is encamped- General 'Liprandii with 18,000 men; and in the valley of Baidar is General All CO 01r111:1.#4. Wagner, with 0,000 nice. Xe appearg that the filet operation which General Osten-Sacken had executed on his appointif;ent to the chief command, was to have all the heights along the coast occupied and_ _fortified from Karabelnaya to the mouth of the Tchernaya. The heiOlts on the left Lank of the Alma have also been fortifi(d, and this defensive system seems to show that not only is Bakshi- Serai the centre of thegeneral's op: rations, but that a greater importance is attached to the communi tions of Bakshi-Serai with Sebastopol and with Arabat, than to these:of that:town with Perekop. The Russians, in fact, seem determined to defend to the last extremity the basin of the Salzir, as well as the ground extending from Simpheropol to Kaffa, their intention being, to all appearance, to procure their provisions and stores rom the side of Anapa, and their reinforcements from Perekop. Should the allies think fit to enter into operations not immediately in the neighbourhood of Sebasto pol, it is not improbable that they will act against Baksh-Serai, the' centre of the Russian positions. Omer Pacha has just arrived in Kamieih Bay, to be present at a council of war." RUSSIA. We have received the St. Petersburg journals of the 18th inst. The Journal de St. Petersbou) g says : "The state of suffering of Aide-de•Camp General Prince Menschikoff has so increased of late that on the 2d inst. he was obliged to gave up the command of the troops to Aide-de-Camp-General Baron von Osten- Sacken. A report from General Osten-Sacken, dated the Bth of March, announces that the siege works of the enemy, against the fortifications of Sebastopol, advance very slowly. Their mining works are driven back by us with constant success, and turn to their own detri ment. "On the 6th of March a French battery threw about 30 rockets into the town, but they did no harm. "The artillery of our batteries, on the contrary, and that of our steamers act with great success." The Invalide Russe says : "The following report has been , received from Lieu tenant-General Baron Wrangel, who commands the de tachment at Eupatoria, It is dated February 22 (March 6):— " Lieutenant-General Korff, in command of the de tachment which encompasses Eupatoria, informs me that on the 21st Feb. (March 5) the enemy made a sortie from Eupatoria with six bquadrons of Turkish Lancers, and two squadrons of Bashi-Bazouks, and vigourously attacked the centre and left flank of our advanced posts. The Cossacks, who formed the advanced line, fell back upon the main guard of the Lancers of the regiment of Novomirgorod. Lieut.-Col. Nikoritsa, in command of the advanced posts, ordered out half of the 7th squadron of the said regiment, and sent for the Bth squadron of the Lancers of Novoarkbangel. The Turks, on approaching our Lancers, halted and opened fire. At tlois moment, Lieut. Kozulkine, in command of the 6th squadron of the regiment of Novomirgorod, who was returning from the advanced posts to his quarters, having just been relieved, on h e a r i ng th e fusllade, ordered his detachment to wheel round, and, advancing, under cover of a ravine, be fell suddenly oa th e r i g ht fl an k o f the Turkish cavalry, with the Cossacks of the sth sotnia of the regiment of the Don, No. 61, of Jiroff. Simul taneously with this attack Lieutenant-Colonel de Wein ing, seeing the Bth squadron of the regiment of Novour khangel approach, charged the enemy in front with the 7th squadron of the regiment of Novomirgorcrd, while a portion of the Cossacks, the Ist, 31, and 6th sotnias of the regiment of Jiroff, commanded by Major Sdlivanoff, charged with the left flank of the enemy's cavalry. The Turks thrown into disorder by the vigorous charge, took to flight, and we pursued them for nearly 3 werstsloy the Lancers and Cossacks. Great confusion arose in the town ; the enemy's infantry in great force began to leave it, and form outside. "Lieutenant-Colonel Nikoritsa then ordered the pur suit to stop, and the squadr.ms to return to their former positions at the advanced posts. " The enemy lost more than 40 killed during our first attack, and left many dead behind them during the flight. " We made eight prisoners, nearly all severely wounded. " On our side we had one Cossack killed and one Lancer of the Novomirgorod Regt. seriously wounded ; Lieutenant Tairoff, of the same regiment, and three Cossacks, were slightly wounded. "'The cause of this brilliant success, with so small a loss on our side, is to be attributed to the rapidity of a simultaneous attack on three sides. " Without speaking of his intrepidity and coolness. Lieutenant-Colonel Nikoritsa showed on this occasion much talent and presence of mind. Lieut. Kozalkine also contributed to the success of the affair by hastening to the scene of battle without orders on hearing the fu sillade.' " FRANCE. PARIS, TUESDAY EVENING. The Moniteur publishes the official return of the cost( ms revenue for last month, which amounted to 10,706,963 f. ; being 316,366 f. more than in the corresponding period of 1854, and 1,068,790 more than in that of 1853. The receipts for the first two months of the year have amounted to 23,208,957 f. being' au increase of 3,784,3361. over the corre sponding period of 1854, and of 4,625,235 f. over that of 1853. It has been stated that a bill has been presented to the Legislative Body authorising the inscription in the Grand Register of the Public Debt of , A and 3 per cent. rentes to the amount of 9,541,615 f. 55c. capital. The explanation of this measure, given in the expose des motifs, is to this effect : " When the loan of 500,000,000 f. for the war wa , called for, the subscriptions were so numerous that ti•se of 500 f. of rente and under alone amounted to 850,000.000 f. It was therefore determined to accept such subscriptions only, and to reduce them from 850,000,000 f. to 500,000,000 f. The subscriptions of 10r. were, according to the conditions on which the loan was announced, accepted in full, but those of 500 f. were subjected to proportional reduction. It was then found that each subscription of 500 f would he a little more than 290 f. It was, how ever, thought that it would be more convenient, both for the public and for the Government, to make each subscription the round sum of 300 f., instead of an amount of odd figures. A measure to that effect having been resolved on, the total amount of the loan was raised to 509,541,6151. 55c. The additional 9,541,615 f. ,55c. will serve tq pay the discount allowed on subscrip tions paid by anticipation, and certain unforeseen ex penses ; so that the 500,000,000 f. will be retained intact for war purposes." A short delay has taken place in the departure of the Imperial Guard for the Crimea. The fol lowing is the order in which the several battalions will leave Paris :—On the 27th, the Ist Grenadiers ; 28th, the 2d ; Ist April, Ist Voltigeurs ; 2cl, the 2d do. ; 3d, the Foot Chasseurs ; and on the 4th the Gendarmery. All these battalions will proc'eed by the most ‘ rapid means. The Turin journals announce that King Victor Emmanuel will proceed to Genoa to be present at the embarkation of the Sardinian troops for the Crimea. General Prim, Count de Reuss, has arrived in Paris. The following private telegraphic despatch has been received here : "MARSEILLES, 26TH. " The Thabor has arrived from Constantinople, which place she left on the 15th. It had been found necessary, after an examination of General Monet's wounds on his arrival, to amputate two of his fingers. " The fort in advance of the Malakhoff tower was terminated. " The intelligence from Odessa is to the Bth. A corps of Greek volunteers was forming there." According to accounts from the Crimea, brought by the Canada steam-frigate, the allies are said to have opened the fire against Sebastopol on the 14th. An enormous amount of projectiles had been prepared for that purpose. BOURSE, MAitom 27.—CLOSING rams. Cash, fr. c. End of Month. 4i per Cents. (ad)._ 94 —f. —O. 3 per Cents 69 60 • 69f. 50c. Credit Itobilier BOl 25 Roman Credit Fonder 540 Austrian Belgian Five 5........ 91 Spanish Th rees — Piedmontese y Home Debt 32 RAILWAYS-20E CASH. fr. c. • fr. c. Orleans' ..... — -- Lyons . 1055 Western 655 Rouen Cette 617 50 Strasburg Mediterranean 970 Havre b 567 50 Northern ... B6O Cherburg A letter from Vienna of the 22d, in the Silesian s ays :—" As Ali P ac h a cannot l eave Con stantinopleazete t, as soOn_ as was intended, Riza Bey will be present at ,the conferences until their conclusion. Riza Bey, who . for five years filled the post of first Secretary of the Turkish Embassy at Paris, is one of the most distinguished statesmen of Turkey. The Chevalier Timotheolinesewitch, the Envoy of Prince Alexander of Servia, who is charged to re present the interests of that country in the present negotiations, has arrived here. This diplomatist has delivered a note to Count Buol, in which the present state of affairs in Servia is fully described, together with such reforms- as would be of equal interest to the principality and to the adjoining states., In this note Prince Alexander further pro p.)ses that the above subject he taken into conside ration iy conjunction with the negotiations now in progress respecting Moldavia and Wallachia." A letter from St. Petersburg, in the Danube of Vienna, says :—" Dr. Mandt, honiceopathic phy sician to the late Emperor, leas left Russia in great haste and secretly. He is reproached with having too long concealed from the august d e ceased that his lu ng was attacked ; a l so w ith having himself prepared the medicines destined for the Emperor, instead of having had them prepared b) a drug gist. Great irritation was m anifested against hi m at St. Petersburg, and the Emperor Alexander himself advised him, it is said, to leave Russia." , 119liE iiittlC_AN MAIL. •----- PLYMOUTH, MARCH 'O. The African Royal Mail steam er Retriever, Captain James Howard Rolt, arrived this morning at six o'clock. Her dates are from Fernando Po, Feb. 11; Cameroons, Feb. 12 ; Old Calabar, Feb. 14 ; Lagos, Feb. 19.; Accra., Feb. 21; Cape Coast Castle, Feb. 22 • Liberia, Feb. 26 ; Sierra Leone, March 2 ; Bathurst, ' March 7 • Gores, March 9 ; Teneriffe, March 16 ; Madeira,' March 19. She brings the usual mail, 12 passengers, and the fol lowing cargo : es of g um ' 3,000 - ounces of gold, 320 ivory teeth, 208 casks of palm oil, 204 p ackag 235 ditto of pepper, 116 bags of cochineals of argol, and 60 casks of wine. Among her passengers are Captain W. E. Mock ham, ter, 2d West India Regiment ; and Lieuts. Connell and Steele, Ist West India •Regiment andAubyn arid Surman, 2d West India Regiment ; Sawr a-3d West India Regiment; Rev. S. N. Dew son ; C. F. Schlenker • and lady of Lieut. liysh, Gold Coast Corps. ' o t I T i l o i e f t . he . the R Fe e b tr r i u e a v r e y r , left saw aitierLamgoa thejs.eaty,s7lphi.n, _ Philomel, and the Antelope ;off Whydah, 00 gil i p pinto ; on the 26thof Met and the Britomart, on the 22d of February. well the outward bound steam-ship Ethiope. -"-" i at Sierra Leone. The Scourge , bearing flag ° Commodore Adams, at Bathurst R iver ; at Goree, the French men-of- po.is an d Helio '• d Crocodile. e The outward bound African steam-ship Can d ace left Teneriffe fc r the Coast o n the Gth of March. THE LATE EMPEROR NICHOLAS. ( From Galignani's Messenger./ *al hold all The Moniteur has under the non-offiel per article professedly on the death of the - ar ta Nicholas, which, still more than fro m the cle a rkable faculty of condensation it displays, whence it emanates, must, from the " I P --:-..tv of its appreciation of character and eire ttrae ands t rou lette command general attention. It, in ° f care er ° in one page, not alone the character ;. hers elf that Emperor, but the history . of R` s hed , to th e since her destinies first because , attan. ... e s i n ce house of Romanoff, whose annals ndeed Y ahistory. composed the sum and substance of that ._ which After some general introductory remarlt 1114 ve exer with tne utirnce,, the influences that particular dynasties a __, tha t cised. on the fate and fortunes of nations, uu of the Romanort as a case in point, are the Moniteur thus proceeds : d m oral " This race of Czars, whose historical rOle an d of the character were not developed until the begie el t i leeleed 18th century, with the reign of Peter the Ore l ' „ be very to have been fashioned by Providence °P IN; sbed i° model of the nation which was to have been, a ars , dis• and represented by it. At one hundre d - 1 ! t wow r ance Peter and Nicholas were perhaps its lee" of super plished types. Melange of eunning and foreet_radeace stition and genius, of brutality and grace, or_r g as eo• and audacity, of calculation and abandon, O asap is vite rudeness and Greek finesse, this race " hits warlike its nature, in its imposing physiognomb in in its Si' inadiested, spirit, in its feverish activity, and eve° onnoa d de. gantic proportions, something WLiCh an b n om it tA I minion. In seeing the princes been the most exactly personifiedbyi: recognised not only sovereigns born to '7 w hich beyond all made to command. The d i al ;mire ° " Peter the Great laid the first fouudetione 0 . n ite of the the mouth of the Neva, and marked also the % jos( ' D ot capital which was to be called Petersburg, teeth e roll to i s l e' bvinat only a defence to protect bis empire a gainst tr i &A ber, af Charles XII. ; his foresight extended the and already measured through time and a P t rhie Ara bi. mentos perspective which an ocean o pened en where° tion. To found a marine, construct porta, o_,„pation of on all the seas, became the most ardent preonakoahira; this sovereign. An emperor was then seen° !T aos ' s, a nd self carpenter, handling the axe and the of ; } , s ' adara an earning to build a ship. This carPe nter ° e itinle 1 0 . w er the just simply the sublime workman of the n' a coa id wit.'" t o . a country which, aspiring to dominate the ted t o the un i , J force of its innumerable hordes, cooce n a r e ta that the et a for influence, of equilibrium, of despotism, comprehended instince"l4 struggles was designed as the field of battle of " • mon and ire and of de ° ll e n d the EmP ir : nations. The Emperor Nicholas rec e " - ii the aggr a- ‘ from the hands of his predecessors with a" a &w eed. disements which his glorious ancestor ha ae in th_l What has become of this important inheritor „a pregerT, hands of the Emperor Nicholas ? Has, he e w ,", - . sarti .L . it ? Has his reign continued the work et "'" ii s heci te e predecessors ? Has he, for his part, acorn!), tor y Of aspirations of Peter the Great ? What will 13 : a d r ole in about this man who has played a part 00 01 e t oed Europe for thirty years, and upon this destinl 000 0 with all the agitations , of the age and all the co s ° as is of the new world, at eine time to calm than' last 1848, of another time to excite them , as in theme, or days of his life ? There is a saying very fl a tterieg the the Emperor Nicholas, which a writer ascribes Si a$ Count de la Ferronnays, ambassador of Charles,. ,, of St. Petersburg, at the moment when the third - a p ed Paul I. came to ascend the throne, after having sr, a formidable military insurrection. M. de la -v ° r ho nays had been strongly impressed by the attitude fo od young Emperor in this imminent crisis ;be ha d the in him that majesty of courage which dorniotttee 0. masses, disarms wrath, ennobles combat, and he, ear claimed, 'I now see Peter the Great civilise d.' fla ttery' ing of a day of enthusiasm was not absolutely 3 an hor• and there is a just conception in this pompous ni e , t it ;d by Russian ambition purified by a political mind, e:7 oho last the religious sentiment, was about to reign with ' ' ro bust This Prince, in effect, hail in him a" the „ la w qualities of his race. Nature, blood, tradition, ,duca t me tion, had made him a ruler. His gigantia ttl a r co ' n n a . haughty head, the straight and hardy lines of " i ethic' terance, his aspect severe, cold, and scrutinisirt joss. no sparkle of the soul ever lighted , up; and sheat h to b e Ability never permitted an emotion of the t omat o& discernible ; his full and sonorous voice, P . is w i l s, everr ing gesture, his gait firm and rapid es h "" - e igatft h is thing in him revealed his rank, his ea fac ile that mission. Dignity was in him so habitual a n d ign, oi icist he was everywhere the same, alwarnnlereteeopst n a ,„, ill the pomp of his court, at the head o f P,'"..„ th us, nai'l the familiarities of private life. In seeing n''" o dors 3ri .imple, and cold, receive the homage of 50)b aS ~3 0 the courtiers, or pass in the front of regiments, or e genicpass on o f routas of his capitals, it seemed as if th os w est, royalty, spent and grounded in certain races. "rilitYt.'n tbs had regained its sap, its prestige, and its il to el /ill"' thu s youth of a new people, and born of yesterdsfature tion. . • . There is assuredly in this 1 3 Asto pish e ! defined something great and strong whicp,he no ble" and seduces ; but there is wanting one of •.' g al pet r i ; attributes of man, above all when the man Is de d. ' it is goodness. The Czar has never par o co osibm r, autocracy was not only absolute ; it w aa inil lid Is lsis ee pity. It had for escort exile, Confiscation, 3 _ on yin talents. It was as impossible to touch se 1 .7 1. 0 him, and his heart was as inflexible as hie en' - ef terlf re m 10 The Moniteur, after a rapid and We e Niche ror a of of the vast designs which the En ) l 3 ? h i e ve I entertained, on the projects he ha d a c ~..e d to , A s ubau o f the states and communities he p i ' ate fina l ' ll his influence and interests by the re- t eon w hi t his policy, thus touches upon the great into e a brought the Emperor Napoleon 111 ' i r e and conflict with him : w ron OP ge If 1 " oug t „rothte He (the Emperor Nicholas) thh . ..„ „ A bl was insecurely seated, and the -r 4 n 3 r . was t de. comprehended ; he thought that F ran : or basaac he believed Europe to be depression s were - u p. He deceived himself. All his Prop Wh i c h , h „ ° s lier cessively belied by events. Tur ke l' t On L':,, a • ea posed to be powerless, rose agter big ar n ', l ;ived despair, as a barrier, and conlPen e 'l 1 , he c° n— t e oa the Danube to retire. England, wh' e o f TOP °o f to be irreconcilable with lamel li k e intima te . ,to and th e Imperial reqUite, Sue p rotee ti° hie • ass ° of. France. Austria herself deserted ,-, o wl _,,,, of ti e ...04 t'" accept our alliance. The conecience . co al a— ...red, elated itself with one mind to this una ha d prn ic a t Russia was caught in the snare sh a n iat taa tits which and found herself shut tap in the is' Virlrntioth she counted on reducing us • • ' a .atrice 0 triolet be the consequence of this then t h e Wee rice leek d t heir of Nicholas), which has laid low 1 ll and glorious head in which c h the 0 01 7,..k. forc e thirty years the traditions 0 1 ; o pse'l t eal thought, their ambition, and th oat th : wit o f of Russia, no one can yet say , like be e the be said, that in an empire IFV ° thing , vi gent Peter 1., where individuals count inbrii 3 cll i ts ecluea nfra n " greatest nobles, of a nobility Ic bee , able to t? trip urbanity, and love of arts bas n n i ! „ t he pages iv. a i iN n chise from servitude, are no more t ua.- i n3 pllleet % p eens° inents of despotism ; where there is en ~,,,,, the 0 hi tion, no activity, but that which deriresi",; dale Cyst ol in the hn au in ° um f master ; where religion itself . ence ; noa o but a means of enslaving the coolies the the empire, it is the sovereign who OPP is en d the . ors pb institutions, the default of public ruor, l "`! an be a tl e ece. meni: of character. '. . . His dean, c an be proft nia re for no one; for the hour was ordainef; ti li n g the n f i ere ece But it will render more free, in s e_ cs aasta ut de o der, security, those whom the habit of ," „ ai r Alr l o i tbe attached and still retained. The iva m a s P l a st Yea r rand enlightened by the serious lessons of th e that 3efiloue reign of his predecssor, t . 5, hi corepren o role is reserved for him. In renounFl to star r ° o s , hi policy of his parent, it depends on htl n t he wn 4 1' policy to Russia, and to maintain h t-r Plac?,,, date 1 : 0 f the making his accession to the throne ""interests of reconciliation with the general European community. " Ano ther 311.4'141. vesterd4 G E NERAL SCREW NAY ok PIGATION C° i aC e J A f te r a n• st limy meeting of this compall to i .eutor., tenrege afterllooll to settle the election of & l an the r g ral it l engt hened debate a conf arencce betw e- jta teut lis t o f t dives of the contending parties wag front t he if ibr a, was then -agreed to select four names P oir. ern t he M r. Rallies Currie and three from tha t ° lya ining• a sa tors Mr. C. Morrison and Mr. E. Warner reaher d ie board as independent members. The aa cesgs ra ' An' will now retire to make room for their , s ,,,, stc ke, __ e a The 'whole country round about )3,aa.';:eisas cle" lover, and other parts of North Rampant' of/ ter' . with snow on Monday. . o paterut s t ads/ EARLY CLOSING. —The booksellers ca o nt , pA ,s , inu e have all agreed to close at five (1 1 le d w ill ee ew r of A rli ee the a ) evening succeeding the 7th of I) P 0 ,,h ly thro * to close at that hour on Saturd a y and summer' months. d Prhe f -Pats Alien t aaminfiA ...rA~