The Sun. — London, England, 1820-10-14 00:00:00

V vibadir 11; i0(0%110 o have° her 1:43:16 55.••1 re-W • .J„, m en "Tr e • c id P u i Rste?" tile- flare 3:11 Hurtle;'. [ Rastell Is V usua l i° ;is lA` r n • c _ d ergo t on. g js" la n• ; itast el' ur ier bis Leg f anY 1 4 pit fLe, rard 1 04 ' rod ' 04 )( 1 5 ( 4 ;ht t"., 0 ag aj tvi l „cure the 1 ", mice ,00,0, orel e ' Ot 11 ° jo i! had op ;Iw o) g d the d o se a g e 6 „ 1 ;1 0 u 1 3 ft i t i, i: lig ' I Ste il. ' " 3 1; mita: l o r 6 " 42nte r i i if' if 5 1)°° p; e nds , o f , 1 5 14 9° 140 ais •Irdi ; static" be reit moved--Z am as ready as any man to say was thei'r' duty to 'secure as far as possible e '..C°H.tinuance of ,thewitnesses until the close of the proceedingL--:and, I am also ready to admit the circinnstance towhich we have re countryore sehg din Rastelli out of the namelyf the decision, was highly blame ;. but I must acquit myself from any know tge of the transaction,- . —(hear, hear !)—and raust say it was as much unknown to the Attor illeY-General and 'Solicitor-General 'as it was to :'-`„ s lf• The transaction Was this :—This Ras tri'it had been employed under 'this Milan orn- O s i"1 as :the M essenger of the . COMm sohad b een employed to bring over witnesses h. this country to be examined at your 'Lord for'Ps Bar. On the adjournment of the House di th ree weeks,- one bf the agents in this cause so think th a t t h e pur p ose of sending some per n cn" to Milan, wonld he better performed by this " ur ier ) Rastelli, than any other individual. lie ;as accordingly sent with a stipulation that he a as to return long before the House was to meet thein• ,I think it was a wrong arrangement, but abi motives of the person were good and htmour ftlll7. 1. ain convinced Rastelli was . sent in the c.on,vitoctniaon that he would return in time for 1.1.;s Attorne As soon as this fact was known to Yr-General, he instantly directed a Purpose to be sent from this country for the a ny .P° s se of . bringing Rastelli back. If there is exi sts to defeat the ends of justice, it / 4111 3 1 s o r:ot , with us.. - This was the plain state 7 d o ,„,_`tne Lase, and he disclaimed the insinu,a aa "inch had been thrown Out, that there was act of deslire to . prevent. the course of justice. The b ut I , sending Rastelli away was blameable ; ° ' re ver erroneous it might have been, it was t o c considered whether it had arisen from an had P er motive o r no t. He.believed himself it all , - , 7 °t a risen from an improper motive ; but, at car o ; e4 tsi the Government on hearing the cir to b s r i a4 ce had instantly dispatched a messenger for tf l il g Rastelli back. With these. observa - tions, would e i tr uth of which he, pledged himself, he a nd h„s e ave the subject before their Lordships,;, Vr there a, would . Confidently ask them, whether and j un any thing at all to warrant the strong vast u ar nroatory implications which had _been_ P°4 the Government by the Noble Lord A postle th , I he Tarquis IV. of LANSDOWN said, it was one of Nobi:"., s , of this pr o c ee di ng ; th a t m e n like th e Yv es 'C'arl Were necessitated to defend . them ,Whirst they were to do . , justice to the G°tierEarl by acquitting him and his. Majesty's tio o . l 'lnent of the conspiracyof the act in qnes t,Nlit theyi_ were bound , to consider the effect of_ l'e r .. - n e ` itself on the interests of the Illustrious * trup% 4l at the Bar and if, notwithstandiog the ~s gethe Government to keep the' witnesses to- .i way i t of their agen t s h a d sent one o f them away, ' it ioe;` r ,P, r nPer the Lords should visit the Illus .ol ti ; ` -- lientat the Bar with all the conseqUences p e ,, s e cri m i nality of these, agents, which the• ttp "s who employed them were obliged to stand Lo a aild disavow He entreated the House of laid t 0 confine themselves to the rules they had f t "r th"'°. It w a s understood by the . .Coungel 'orth, e- Queen, that the witnesses should ,be ‘lsks: t i l ° a ~,l ing to answer to re-examination: That !tes ta % r ule laid down, and what was h e t o un 'l.astc,ll:''• when such. an important witness as was called upon and found to be absent away by the ersons who made the ar for tevedrxnensettee vas to keep his ,frivolous p hi England ? The excuse ab • • y°lous. Was it to be be tillsatisfiethat the people of Milan. could not be 1 00 d rdthey'saw the honest face of Rastelli? i lv l llie'l l e4 ,l 4 cel in truth, could be made for an act, I. 'ou r n `,,ue Noble ,Earl, with honour and can t"' tl,,'Lllitted. to be an error. , Whatever might of error, it ought not to operate th Ti te L * ja nr.Y, of the Queen. x4IANCELLOR expressed a hope that Cv e . ft due to his character would induce .°4 7 11 ` i shiPs to 'acquit him of ary participa a(l44" e act of sending Rastelli out of the -111 , When that witness was sent away, the A t thp, nnderstoOd all he .ought to have done. sa me timeit appeared that the private . e tat er of the acrent must lead to ,a conclusion La e ,1 L i in t o a ct Was error of jadgment, rather than ; 1 41 n - 0 7 n k ti ° 11 - The Noble and Learned Lord a e "Iv who it was. He.could only say e 144 tro t Was the, result of bad judgment. If it z - i 4 l4 4. ‘te tn r a t.ii b . ad motive, it . deserved the worst dances Liie House, under all the circum tiltsl'eets:2val bOund to take care injury was not 4steili'illY.PersOn. The proposition was to call I,?rdl+l l i n °t4e bar.; that could not be 'done. His h ere • observed, that he should speak n tl, - "'r s a e h il i, -Inen ts fairly,- 7 -14 thought that con 7 allowance. ought to - be' made for 1 :?• t " evidence. If the Witness could 'Ps brought to the bar, th;!ir Lord "ght - t feel that. a future examination ° of I,at (la so Inucli advantage as an examination 4, 1,1 4 011 e . they' might give the Illustrious it," larg e ! benefit of that circumstance liberally . to th ). ; but, good God ! could they clops ‘,°teetil'a illustrious person if they closed the Q':in g l i n g ? No man could say that he was Sa e r if he recommended osed. the proceeding to N: s !%t t h a t did not, hear any Noble' Lord v. :;;;:t:d tii : (6) ::; ° : 1 1 : is of proceeding ; but if it was. ~-`) c ek , r d i 3 he should beg to know where any degcription could go ? The tr;lt'earhed Lo r d conc l u d e d, his obser k44l4l,jt C alling. on the Lords, as a judicial make. all allowance that could be • l':1 44 de r the ci rcumstances which ha d oc he ``rl I,,ced , of CARNARVON said, they were then a situation which, compelled their Vat retie to put an .end to the proceeding. * otl • "tied Of di n Y, could •• the Illustrious Person . have ? 11, 3 "1is osemahled but to put an end to the whole 43 W 8 to".ol_,oxious transaction.—(Hear, hear !) $j ho,, rr ti the case ? Her Majesty's defence 1 14 ; 1°1 1e. ti f, t ed substantial justice could not 'to o • -"` never could be restored to .the '4. (.) '' 0 14 which it stood. Not the Noble 4111 PPo 't • s' e ) but smile persbn connected -verol n ent ) had sent away a material witness, and were they not to say there is an end of the case t Had they not withstood Jong enough all publiC feeling on this proceeding—a proceeding which had disgraced the country, from its abominable ribaldry and falsehood ? It would become the House of Lords to say there is, an end of it. The Noble and Learned Lord 1 - (ad recommended the House to remedy the transaction as well as they could, but they, could never remedy the thing unless the Bill was given up. It was said there had been an extensive subornation of perjury, and when the assertion came to be proved, the witness could not be found. He had been sent away by the .agents of Government. Who was in fault ? Was her Ma jesty in fault ?—No ; some department of the Government was in fault.. If the case could be disgraced, it had been disgraced 'by those who brought forward the accusation. The Bill surely could never pass. If there was in the other Muse of Parliament any feeling in concurrence with their constituents, the Bill must be thrown out, and this secondary feature did not give it the slightest chance of success. The Noble Earl was assured it would disgrace its supporters. He should take the sense of the House upon the question, whether the proceeding ought to con tinue. The honour of the country, in his opi nion, was implicated in it. The Nobly ; Earl ,concluded by moving, " That this proceeding be adjourned to this day six months." The LORD CHANCELLOR, in explanation, said, he could not admit that substantial justice might not be done. He was decidedly of opinion the Muse could do substantial justice,_ and that the circumstance itself might turn out favourable to the Illustrious Person. Lord ELLENBOROUGH expressed an opinion that there would be great difficulty in placing her Majesty in the situation she would stand in, had she the power of an immediate examination of the witness; but the House, by large and li beral allowance, might give her an advantage which would be equivalent. The, proposal of the Noble Earl to stay the proceeding would be subversive of justice, fatal to her Majesty's cha racter, and in every respect contrary to that course it was their Lordships' duty to follow. There were two questions to. decide. First, whe ther her Majesty was guilty or not ; and, second ly, whether on the evidence heard at the Bar, they could pass the Bill ? Every reasonable mand would decide that the House could not pass the Bill, unless the evidence in support of it was so clear that it would be impossibla, for the House of Ccmmons, regarding its own honour, to decline passinc , it. The Earl OrCARNARVON explained. Earl DARNLEY suggested that. her Majesty's Counsel be called to the Bar before the House came to the question and asked whether any, and if any, what injury would be sustained by post ponement of that re-examination of the witness Rastelli ? Earl GREY said, that he never rose with greater difficulty or'under more painful feelings . than on the present' occasion to express his sentiments, and had he been the first to call their Lord ships' attention to the question before them, he should have delivered himself with all that warmth with which his Noble Friend did who had pre ceded him, For notwithstanding the explana tion of the Noble and Learned Lord, li, must say that he could not see in what way it was now possible that substantial justice could be done. What the Noble and Learned Lora had said was, that the abstraction of this witness at the present moment, when it was impossible to produce him, had inflicted an injury on her Majesty's cause, which it' was impossible for that House to repair. If the Queen was de prived of the means effectual to her defence, and those means were not effectually supplied here after by some other mode, was it not the inevit . able 'Consequence that the defence so injured, sub stantial justice could not be done? He felt that the situation of Ministers was one of great anxiety; but feeling aA he did that there was no possible remedy for what had been committed by the agents of this prosecution,, he could not do other wise than 'support the motion of his Noble Friend. In measuring the amount of the injury caused by this act, it was impossible that any man conk . " beforehand know what might take place. It was impossible that any man could say what might not be drawn from the witness at a future pe riod when certain information .was supplied to him. Under this point of, view, therefore, the Noble and Learned Lord was sure of meet ing with the ' accordance of all who heard him, when he said that an irreparable injury 'had been done to her Majesty. His Noble Friends stated that subornation of perjury had been proved ; and it appeared clear that this witness Rastelli had been employed to suborn other witnesses by proffers of money. He went to one, which one went to another, who again went to a third ; and so on, till in all probability it would be proved in the end that the testimony about the figures of' Adam and Eve had been obtained in this manner by force of money. Proceeding in, this way, the conspiracy might be detected and exposed in all its parts ; and the defence of her Majesty make, her completely triumphant over the most foul conspiracy that ever threatened the honour of an individual.. The House being in that' situation described by the Noble Lord, that substan-, tial justice could not be done, if his Noble Friend pressed his motion, it must have his full assent. The fact, of this man's being with drawn at this moment was not only ill-judged, but 'most inquitons. The Noble Lord opposite (Lord Liverpool) hoped he could not be charged with being accessary to .this flagitious act. He ;was willing to grant every - thing that could be asked to the high character of the Noble Lord. When the Noble Lord had given a pledge to that House that every thing on the part of Govern ment should be done to further the ends of sub tantial justice, and to keep the witnesses in the same situation precisely as when they left the Bar of that House, the House in consideration, of the Noble Lord's high character; gave him full. credit for sincerity, and accepted the pledge with complete security, But if, after having given that pledge all the weight of his high character, he - found himself in a situation in which those who were bound to his order and to support his character, betrayed both him' and that House, what security, he asked, could the feel in the future pledg e s o f th e N o bl e L or d cat substan tial justice should be done ? His character would not in future, avail him. Lord LIVERPOOL spoke at considerable lengt against the motion. He said, that 'it would 'ae grade the honour of that House to shrink from the investigation at that period, and that, after hearing the evidence for the accusation, and part of the evidence for the defence, nothing could be more injurious to the character and honour of the Queen than to stop the proceedings. He was willing to go the whole length, in saying, that if the act was done intentionally, it would be a most, flagitious act. Mit that it was iptentional, he could not believe. Ile concluded by saying that it would be most unwise and impolitic, and most injurious to her Majesty the Queen, to stop the proceedings at the present moment. Lord MORLEY said, that the view which he had taken, after the unfortunate necessity of en tering into this investigation, was, that the truth or falsehood of the allegations contained in the preamble of the Bill should he ascertained. For that purpose, he had considered a Legislative measure the most desirable course to pursue, and not an impeachment. He trusted the Noble Lord would not press a division upon his tpotion; as - it was now of the gleatest importance that the in vestigation should be allowed to go on. Lord ALVANLEY stated, that he never could make up his mind to believe that the sending away of Rastelli arose from an error of judgment, and more particularly, if it had been- the act of any person connected with the Milan Commission. Lord LIVERPOOL, in a low tone o 1 voice, which could not be distinctly heard, acknow ledged that Mr. Powell (one of the agents in support of the Bill) was the person who had sent Rastelli away. The Earl of CARNAAVON suggested that the House ought to hear her Majesty's Counsel on the interest her Majesty had in the examination of Rastelli. After the opinions expressed by Noble Lords, he should not persist in his mo tion, but withdraw it in deference to that opinion. The motion was withdrawn. Lord BLESSINGTON spoke of the high character of Mr. Powell, and expressed his opinion that al though the sending away of Rastelli was a very improper act, yet he was.confident that when ex amined into, it would be found to have arisen from no improper motive. Lord HOLLAND said, that he owed itio himself and to the Noble Earl over the way to state, that he did not believe him to be directly or indirectly a party to the sending away of this man. This disbelief was founded upon the character which he had preserved on all occasions and at all times. And though in that House he was generally in hostility to the measures of the Noble Earl, yet he would say, that on neither side of the House could he find a man more incapable of. such an act. But though he would acquit him of any thing like a conspiracy of ti4is nature, still he did think that on this occasion, and through. out the whole proceedings, he had undertaken more for that House than he was able to per form,. If, when the Noble Earl had pledged himself to their Lordships, the witnesses should be detained in this country, • to answer any charges which might be,,hrought against them as arising from these proceedings, if he had then stated that the management of those witnesses would be entrusted to, subordinate agents, over whom he had no contrOul, their Lordships would, he was sure, have come to a very different deci sion than the one to which they did come. The House understood what the Noble Earl said to be a pledge that they should be detained. He had no doubt of the Noble Earl's having done all ‘hat it was possible he could have done ; but he had not done what the House expected. His Noble. Friend (Lord Carnarvon) had withdrawn his motion, because it had been said that its adopticn would .have - been an injustice to the Queen. " For my part," said the Noble Lord, " I am made of sterner stuff; and I should have ,been ready now, as 1 have been at all times, to put an end to these odious proceedings. There fore I should certainly have voted for the mo tion." . • Earl GREY . then moved that Mr. Powell be called to the bar and examined. GEORGE ALLAN POWELL was "accordingly called and swoi:n.—Examined by Earl GREY. Q. .1 wish to ask Mr. Powell, whether he was employed by the Committee at Milan ? 7 ,--A. I was. Did you act as agent nn the part of that Committei? . —/ did. Were you present at the examination of the witness Ras telli ?—I was. Was it you who sent Rastelli out. of the country?—lt was I wbo recommended !tastelli should be sent to Italy. ' Where did you give that recommendation?-1 recommended it at the Foreign Office. Did you get a passport for him did not. _ . . Can you state who did ?—I On what grounds did you make this recommendation at the Foreign Office ?—ltastelli was a courier, who bad -con ducted a great number of witnesses to Dover. These wit-, nesses had been ill-tre.uted by the, people. I learned that various reports were propagated in Italy on the dangers which witnesses ran in coming to this country. 1 heard it was reported in Italy th a t th ey h a d rece i ve d grea t persona l injuries here," and the fa m ili es o f p ersons there were extreme ly anxiO the on th e su bj ec t.. I un d erstoo d R as t e lli t o b e ac quainted with th e neater past o f th e f am ili e s of c. parties, and I considered it would be an act of humanity to send s ome person who had seen the witnerses in this country, and who was, acquainted with their families, tu assure them of _their sa f e ly in this country. Taliingt his to be your motive, did you not know, that .by sending_ Rastelli out o f th e c o untry it world be i mposs ibl e fair him to gibe evidenc e ?—Rastelli was sent away on the Fri day after trre_adjournment, and I - conceited there would have been ample time for his arrival before any examination. My i ns truction to Rast e lli was , t h a t h e was toretitru her e on or before the 3d of October. I had a conviction on my mind that he would so return.. _ . ..'n ; ho did you see at the Foreign Oflice?—Either Air. Pl an t or Lord Clanailli gym, I am not sure which; I stilted that Has - WE wa's to be sent as asconrier. Did you state to , 'the person you saw at the Foreign Office, t h a t nastriti had beqn a witness ?—I do not recollect; 'Did you state what he was 1-1 believe it was known who he was. R ace you reason to believe he will return sohn ?—I believehe will be here snots, because positive orders have been sent to make bhn come here. When iver4 the ordeiiisent ?—They have'been sent two or three times. Orders were scut ma Saturday and Sundiiy. Eris any answer been received ?—I hare heard Rastelli his been several ucys culla I/ ell it, WS bed, having been bled fur a violent fever. Lord ALVANLEY.—Did you erev receive any instruction from his Majesty's Government not to allow the witness to depart I—l do remember no instruction. Am I to under s ta n d no i nst ruction . waigireit:l--My instruc tion was in the debate in this House, in which the Noble Earl said he should take all the care he could of the witnesses. A Pita.—Could the persons in Italy bare applied to Cot. Blown, or any body else At Milan,_ to learn the situation of their relations I—They- might have applied to Colonel Brown, and they did apply to Colonel Brown, but they Were not satis fied with the answers he gave them. 1 have receired tile de positions of persons there, in which they depose to hare heard of serious injuries received by their relations ; and notwitb standing the, answers they received assuring theni of the cOn tiary, they were not satisfied, Lord ALVANLEI—Have you any means to compel Rei!- telli to appear in this country.--individually I can have nn, means of comPelliog him to appear; .but .I.apprehend it is in th e power of the Government of the,country to compel him to come here if he should refitse. A - PEER.--,Have any of the other witnesses been sent out"of the country ?—Not one. The witness was ordered to withdraw. • Lord ERSKINE then repeated his motion, 'namely, " that Covisel be called to.th e B ar , an d th e C ounse l f or h er M ajesty be asiied whether it was material that the, witness Rastelli be immediately called ors.'' The LORD CHANCF.I.I.OR expressed some doubt whether the question ought to be put, and , proposed, - as it was after 4 o'clock, to take the opinion of the House upon it to-morrow. , 'Their Lordships then adjourned. UNIVERSITY' INTELLIGENCE. OXFORD, OCT. 13.—Saturday the 7th. instant, the nomination of h Vice Chancellor for the en suing year, by the Right Hon. Loid Grenville, Chancellor of, the University, was approved in full convocation; after whiCh the Rev. .F'rodsham Hodson, D. D. Principal of BrasenOse College, resigned the Vice Chancellorship, and the Rev. George William Hal 1,. D. D. Master of Pembroke College, was invested with that office with the usual forthalities, and nominated his Pro-Vice Chancellors, viz.:— The Rev. Thomas - Lee, D.D. President of Trinity College ; the Rev. Frodshant Hodson. D.D. Principal of Brasenose Col lege; the Rev. Richard 3enliyns, D.D. Master of Dalliol Col lege ; the Rev. John Collier Jones, D.D. Rector of Exeter. Tuesday ? Oct. 10, the first day of Miehaelmas Term, the following Degrees were conferred MASTERS OF ARTS. Reverend ,T,Arn Ireland, Queen's Colle ,, e. Reverend V illiam Prowse, St. Edmund Hall. Reverend James Forbes Jowett, St. John's College. BAORFLORS OF ARTS. Geo. Brettell, Esq. Exeter College, Grand Compounder. William H. Heaven,'Esq. EXeter College. Benjamin Yoang, St. Edmund Hall. John Hanhury, Christ Church. James Robertson Holcombe, Jesus College. - The sane day the Rev. Henry Shrubb; M.A. was admitted Fellow of Corpus Christi College. Yesterday Richard Sankey, of. the County of Kent, and John Menzies, of the County of Surrey, were admitted Scholars of the same College. 'Congregations will be holden, fpr thr purpose of granting Graces, and conferring Degrees, on the following days in the ensuing Term, viz.—On Tuesday the 10th, and Thursday the 26th - of October; Thursday the 16t h, and Friday the 24th of November; and.Toesday the sth, Tuesday the 15th, and Monday the - 18th of December. ECCLESIASTICAL Pookortoss.—The Rec. Henry Wilson to the Vicarage of Flixion,,St. Mary, Suffollc.—The Rev. E. Evans to the Rectory of Hirnan, Montgomeryshire. CAMpRIDGE, OCT. 13.—0 n Tuesday last, be ing the first day of term, the following Gentlemen were. appointed University Officer's for the year ensuing : PROCTORS. Aohn Croft, M.A. Fellow of Christ College. Alldeisey Dicken, M.A. Fellow of St. Peter's-College. MODERATORS. George Peacock, M.A. Fellow of Trinity College. Temple Chevallier, M.A. Fellow of Prembruke Hall. - TAXORS. Jusrpb .Ire, M.A. Fellow of Queen's Coile;ze. Richard Jeffreys, M.A. Fellow of St. John's College. SCRUTATOI23. Tle . ornas Tot ton. B.D Fellow of Catharine Hall. George Nlacfat lan, M.A. Fellow of lrioity College. The following Centlemen were yesterday ap lointed the Caput : ''l 'Vice-Chancellor. Rec. P. Dthiglas, D.D. Corpus Christi .Colle.te—Dirinity. Iter. J• W. Getdart, LL.D. Trinity Halt—Law. F. Thackeray, Esq. fel.D..Emmanuel College—Physic. W. G• Judgson, College!—yen. Non Regent. Richard Dawes, Downing College Sen. Regent. The . following Gentlemen were on Tuesday Last admitted to degrees : MASTER OF ARTS. Stephen Croft, of Trinity College. ' ' BACHELORS OF ARTS. I‘'ilflan) Evans, of Jesus College. Woudtliorpe Collett, of Catharine Hall. John N. - Davidson, of Queen's College. l'eterLegh, of Trinity Colteee• Jaint4 Henry Monderville, of Trinity College. Biuuke Greville,- of St. John's College. MEDICAL ,lOARD, NEAR BLACKFRIAR'S, ROAD. Sir FRANCIS' PANIEL," M. D. _Treasurer. Messrs. COOPER, MUNROE, and:Co. Physicians and Surgeons, of nearly forty yf ars' experience, Memberg of the Royal Colleges of London,' F,din burgh, and Dublin, whose success in practice is unparalleled iu the annals of Medicine, for . , sineu lar as it may appear, during the last seven - years, upwards of 30,000 Patients have been itiied of prevailing diseases, many of the rases, affer re spectable Surgeons, and even Hospitals; have failed. Messrs. COOPER and Co. claim the aftention of those who have been injured - and deceived by the specious promises of illiteraW pre tenders.=—Mark the consequences of the'igno *rant practitioner—Eruptions on the face, and body, ulcerated throat, swellings - inthe:neck, strictures, fistulas, nodes on the shin-bones, swelled ancles, noise in the ears; dimness of sight, pains in the head and limbs,frequently mistaken, a nd often fatally, treated, as Rheumatism; owing to the improper use of mercury. Messrs. Coopth and Co., are con.s.ulted at Charlotte House; Cluiriotte-street, opposite' the Rev. Rowland Mrs Chapel, and Hodge, near Bond-street, daily from eight in the mottling till nine at night. Advice gratis to . the' Labouring Class- every evening frond, six to nine, and on Sunday Merl/jugs until twelve o'clock. N. B. Ruptures of 24 inches in circurriference, of 30 'years' standing, are retuned and cured Avithotrr confinement; Trusses are made under their onin inspection,' on a . much improved prin ciple, differing - from all others now in eXigence. ** Letters, stating particulars, ..cisui4itking a fee, answered by return of post, wheviMkkines and the best advice will be sent to 4,1 j; farts of the liingdOin.