The Sun. — London, England, 1824-03-12 00:00:00

'TIE LONDON JOURNALS. DAILY Extracts front the g;;zing Papers, March 12. [MORNING POST.] In the House of Peers, last night, Lord Hol land moved, that the' Austrian Loan Bill be re committed, with the view of altering the phraseo logy of its preamble. But after making a general attack on the policy of the Administration by which Loans were granted to Austria twenty seven and thirty years ago, on the conduct of the Emperor Francis in coming forward to return only part of what had ceased to be claimed by this country as a debt since 1799, and on the ap plication or rather the mode in which application is to be made of certain portions of the sum re paid, the Noble Lord omitted to state what al rations he wished to make in the wording of fie Bill. The Earl of Liverpool inferred from this omission that the real object of the Noble 'Baron was, to read the House a lecture on the transaction with Austria, which he had done in such a manner that all that was unfavourable to that Power was put forward, whilst every thing redounding to its credit and honour was kept in the back ground. The Noble Earl, ably sup ported by the Earl of Aberdeen, proved that those Loans had been granted to Austria for ob jects so purely British, that Mr. Fox had de clared at the time that they ought to be given as Subsidies, not as Loans. So far from looking upon them as a debt which could be claimed, the Whig Administration of 1806 had paid demands made by Austria at that period, without even proposing to use the amount, or part of the amount, of those loans as a set-off. Was not this, de facto, an abandonment of the debt, and was not much due to the honour and good feeling of the Emperor and his Prime Minister in being anxious to pay such a composition as it was in the power of their country to discharge ? After a good deal of conversation of some interest, though of little novelty, upon this subject, the motion was negatived without a division, and the Bill read a third time. [BRITISH PRESS.] Lord Althorp brought forward a very weak and ill-advised motion last night, respecting a convict of the name of Hughes, transported from Ireland some time since for administering illegal oaths, and seducing individuals to become mem bers of the Riband Lodges in Ireland. The motion of the Noble Lord went to charge Lord Wellesley's Government with a breach of faith in the deportation of this man ; as if a treaty could have been entered upon by the GoVernment of the Noble Marquis, with a body of men, or their delegates, engaged in secret associations of the most illegal tendency, and a dangerous conspiracy - against the fundamental laws and institutions of the land. It may be unfortunately necessary sometimes, in dangerous exigencies, for a Govern ment to treat with traitors, and let an individual go unscathed, for the purpose of getting to the bottom of a secret league, and thus timely pre venting the consequences that might otherwise follow without prevention. But what Govern ment could be weak and infatuated enough to listen to such propositions as those strangely ma d e bya gentleman of the Irish bar, on the part of a Convicted felon, whose Counsel it appears he was The object of the Irish Government, in the pro secution of Hughes, tho -ftiband Leader, was to I extinguish, if poisible, all dangerous secret asso ciations,among which the Riband Lodges were Cort. spicuous; and was Lord Wellesley's Government, after he had been convicted on the strongest evi dence, weakly to free this man from his sentence, that he might make a mock procession through the county of Kildare, and the neighbouring _ones, where the haunts of the Ilibboninen were established, and while he (Hughes) openly af fected to p r eac h submission to them, secretly take every measure to confirm these deluded in dividuals in their worst prejudices and engage ments ? Any such act on the part of the Irish Government would have been most weak, and deserving of the strongest ridicule and condemna tion. If any well founded charges can be brought igalnit the broad general policy or integrity of Lord Wellesley's Government since he went to Ireland, let therm be made, and they will be fairly met, and as fully refuted ; but paltry skirmishing of this sort, with a few convicts and Ribboomen in the flanks of the Noble Lord and his party, only shews the utter weakness of those who would be serious enemies, if they had the means or strength to enable them to act with any real effect.— Had the Irish Government or any of its members been so weak as to enter into a treaty with the convicted Riband Leader, and loose him in his hopeful mission to further mischief, like an un niuzzled blood-hound, then indeed Lord Al thorp's motion of censure, in different language, and with better grounds, might justly be brought forward, and call down well deserved censure hem a large majority on the heads of that Ad ministration who could be so culpably infatuated. All secret Associations, particularly in Ireland, are most dangerous and illegal ; and that of the Ribandmen, though inferior in guilt and atrocity to the Orange Societies, is yet criminal and alarm ing in a very high degree. The Ribandrnan, on being initiated into .ti!is Association, swears as follows :—" I, Thomas Hughes (the convict in " question), with the sign of the Cross do declare " and . promise, in the name and through the es " Sistauce of the Blessed Trinity, that I will en cc deavour to keep inviolate all the secrets of this "' Board, or Fraternal Society, from all but those " whom I believe to be the regular members, "and.bound in the same fraterual ties.".. This is a most . formidable oath, l If there be nothing im proper in the spirit and object of this 'combina tion,-why this solemn abjuration 'and pledge of secresy? Can the Government of Ireland sup press. the ()range Associations with one hand, acid, with the other let a Ribboti 'Council loose ?, WoUld this b,e equal and impartial justice ? Nypula it be e?ccutted tip the mockery of ; a, ge neral surrender, and the suppression of, the entire cUufgdp.ra..tiun on ..the deputed .Mission and, sum mons of ,t 4 Tlwe is no Govern- Gent of . spnl.2 or discretion but must . have laughed such s prop.eft!itiori as Lord,Althorp stated to , utter scorn. The Noble Lord's. motion had the fate we expected ; _it fell dead-born before the entire House ; it had nothing to give it support, and was negatived even without the formality of a weak division. [THE TIMES.] A Meeting of the 'vVard of Farringdon Without was held yesterday, for the purpose of considering about petitions for the repeal of the Assessed Taxes. It is, to be sure, not a little extraordinary that a Minister, when he under takes the duty of abolishing taxes, should lose sight of the order in which they are naturally imposed. The course, as we take it, in the first imposition of taxes is, to begin with luxuries, and to delay as long as possible any burden upon the necessaries of life. If, for in stance, in a new society, the question were whe ther silk robes or glass windows should bear the first visits of the tax-gatherer, no humane or reason able man would hesitate to give precedence to the silk. A lady may enjoy innumerable comforts notwithstanding the high price of satin ; but light and air are indispensable to the poor ; and to the lowest degree of poverty these gifts of Heaven are the most precious. What, then, would be the obvious method with a consid era t e Minister in removing the public imposts I Wou!d it not be to release the necessaries of life before its luxuries, thus observing the inverse order in which the exactions on both were established NEW TIMES.] The Funds yesterday again experienced a fluc tuation of about per cent.; but at the close of business left oil' at an improved price, the ac counts from Paris, which were received to Tues day evening, being of a more explicit and wig factory nature. The fall in Paris on Nonday appears to have been produced entirely from the operations within the Exchange, and unconnected with any political event arising in that capital.-- It is supposed that when the account of the sta bility of the British Funds, and the production of the Papers in Parliament, to which is ascribed the decline in the Reaps, is received, a re-action will take place, notwithstanding the high price at which they continue even at present, being about par. The price at which purchases were yesterday made was 100 f. 50 c., and Scrip 15 both exclusive of the Dividend. Consols for the Account opened at On, declined to 92-4-, and closed at 931. Some decline in price took place in India Stock in consequence of the reports from China, but as the books are at present closed for public transfer, some sacrifice must be made in obtaining a sale in a stock not frequently in demand, although bearing a high value. The last price was for the opening of the books 280 ; and we are assured by parties well versed in In dia affairs, that the present differences are not of so serious a nature as interested individuals would wish to make the public believe. European . Securities have recovered from the depression of Wednesday, and are all quoted higher. Austrian Scrip, 12 premium ; Russian Bonds, 9-11,-; Prus sian, 09 ; and the New 951. Spanish Bonds re main nominally at 20 and 17, and are likely to Continue as low, notwithstanding certain puffs preliminary. rMOR N ING HERALD.] It would be matter for calculation, for one who had plenty of leisure on his hands, and money to defray the expence, to ascertain, as near as it might be practicable,'the annual amount of the Home Returns in Trade of the United Kingdom. This was attempted by Mr. Colquhoun—we say attempted, because we consider his statement to be very imperfect, and greatly within the mark, as to amount. Writers and Parliamentary speake rs have, from tune to time, exhibited elaborate statements respecting the Foreign Trade of the country ; but excepting Mr. Colquhoun's work, we do not remember to have seen any other on the Home Commerce. If the latter were properly ascertained, ive have no doubt but, so far as annual returns of Trade went, that the Home Trade would weigh down the . Foreign 'l'rade to an inconceivable extent.. And yet whenever this subject is introduced in the Houses of Parliament, what a stress there is laid on the Foreign Commerce in comparison with the House. We are surprised that some of our rich men, who haveltime to pore over studies of taus who nature, and have plenty of money, which they every year freely part with at the wit, tering places, or in their own neighbourhoods, or on the Continent . , should not be employed in a pursuit of the nature we have suggested. They might_ effect it without any on e 's kn o wing any thing of what they were engaged in ; and if afterwards, for their own or for the information of the Parliament and the country, they chose to publish the result of their inquiries, either with or without their names, they.would possibly be as pleasantly employed, either as it might regard themselves or others, as in spending the same sum in amusements, or in Continental wan derings. Two or three years' expenditure ap, propriated to a purpoie of this description, would enable any rich gentleman, whose inclination might lead him to such a pursuit, to produce a work such as never yet was witnessed, in this or probably any other country. It would throw a new light on trade and commerce altogether, and probably enable the literati to banish from their libraries almost all the books that have hitherto appeared relating to these matters, which would be as great a relief to' the bookcases of the rich, as i t t would tie to those of the lawyers if all the useless statutes were repealed. • [MORNING CHRONICLE.' .. , The Country Gentlemen have been for some time in training for the discussion on those laws, which, according to Sir Jiihn Shelley, hare raised England to the highest, pinUacle of greatness and glory—the laws - to which, according to Mr. W. Peel, we owe the existence, amon‘7,o of the two, precious animals, the Fox and the Fox,-honter.— Jr. Stuart Wortley, who in his excursions into cotland discovered that tbe good order of the that the cities of tbat,Couptry pro ceeded from the people being unburdened with th e elective f r p o oi se , made another important, discovery, that.th. pr i„. : 40,ns were witittiut poack4eru aq paring ascertain- ed that NI arose from a different system of game laws from those ofEnglznd,and thatcountry squires could possess game under such a system, without making all around there miserable, he naturally be came anxious to embody the fruits of his researches in a Bill for the profit of his own countrymen. However, the appeal to Scotland did not produce much effect on the Squirearchy in the House.— Sir John Shelley extended his researches to Scotland in his turn, and made the discovery, that, in that country, the properk was large, and there was much waste land'--while, in Eng land, the property was subdivided and highly . cultivated ; that is, that there is more waste' land in the manufacturing district of the Clyde, or in the plains of East Lothian and Tweedside, than in CuMberland and VI estmor land, in which last counties, we will answer for it, the Game Laws engender as much bad blood as in any other district in England. Property being much subdivided iu England, it was pro-, per, Sir Johi► thought, that the large proprietors should have the exclusive right to game. Because, though there might be a hundred small unqua lified preprietots, and only one large proprietor in a neighbourhood, CC it was not just that a man who had a very small quantity of land, which might not be able to supply a single leveret to the common stock, „should be able to kill hundreds of heads of game, if he found them passing over the land ;" but it was perfectly just that the hares bred on the great man's laud should pass over the small properties, and feed with impunity on them. Mr. Peel, in an able speech, proved the absolute necessity of an alteration of the present Laws.—: Lord Milton " doubted very much whether those Gentlemen were the most serviceable to their re spect►ve neighbourhoods, whose chief occupation and plea ure consisted in shooting game." We have no doubts en the subject ; and if S r John Shelley we►e to consult the farmers in those districts where the fences are kept in the best order, he would find they have as few. If they were polled on the subject, we are certain there would be but one voice as to the fox-hunter having a much better claim to a prison than the poacher. There is, however, one consideration, which might weigh with some :—A popular writer laments the approaching extinction of the Gyp sies in this country, viewing them as a living illustration, in the midst of civilisation, of the society of the early ages. We can conceive in the same an apprehension lest the two legged animal whom Fielding has pourtrayed with such inimitable humour should finally disappear from among us, and thereby take from the pic ture a great part of its charms. The civilization of the lower orders has already made one class of Fielding's characters obsolete ; if civilizati on , and humanity should also take possession of the Squires, the fame of our great Ncvellist might be i❑ danger. FOR THE SUN. BALANCE' OF POWER. Ma. Enrrou—The Balance of Power, which once formed the very basis o f E uropean P o li t i cs, and to preserve which th e li ves o f th ousan d s o f human beings have been sacrificed, seems now to be wholly laid aside, and is probably not suited to the taste of modern politicians. Its principle was, however, ,_ eOUS to one no less just in itself, than it was ad vantag the independence of nations, in its operation. That it should not prove pa latable now, ca n n°t he a matter of astonishment, for its avowed nbioct was to prevent the too great influence of any member of the great political body. lt orig . mated in the rapid increase of power, which was acquired both by France and by Austria. These two rival nations laid the foundation of their greatness much about the same period of time. Austria began, under Fer dinand and Isabella, to acquire a political import ance, which reached its greatest height under Charles V., where it seemed to threaten the in dependence of Europe. France moved on to wards the same end, with slower steps. Yet reign of Louis XI. its fron teiveeri; so were ea extended, and this Mo narchy assumed an aspect little less formidable considerablyrly * s the than that of Austria. It was the rapid rise of those two States, which by spreading alarm amongst their less potent neighbours, induced these latter to keep a balance between France and Austria. Henry VIII. had frequent occasion to act up to this principle ; but as the whole of his con duct was a series of extravagancies, of violence, and of inconsistency, if he can 1)0 said to have held the balance of Europe, it was with a very unsteady hand. Far different was the conduct. of. Queen Eliza beth. Endowed with great firmness of mind, and served by Ministers no less able than they were 'devotedly attached to their Royal Mistress, she effectually mantained this balance, by aiding the Protestant cause in Germany, by ruining the in fluence of France in Scotland, and by assisting the Dutch in their successful efforts to throw off, the yoke of Spain. To accomplish these import ant purposes, she was frugal in her expenditure l at.home ; she conducted foreign negociations with 'great art, and at little expense ; and she increas ed the resources of the country, by the encou ragement which she gave to,mannfactures and to commerce. It was in short, under her long and, glorious reign, that England began to take a place among the preponderating powers of Europe. In this instance, the revolt of the Dutch Provinces, the religious .wars in Germany, and the truths which distracted France during three successive, reigns, proved highly instrumental to the increase of political consequence which was, at this period, acquired by England. Little can be said in favour of the head and still less of the heart of James I. Vain, pedan tic, and profuse of the public money, his inconse quent and imprudent conduct paved the way for the troubles which caused the death of his son .; and England must have again sunk into insigni ficance, had she not been raised by the powerful hand of Cromwell. At the period of the restora tion, the ,face of European affairs had undergone considerable change. The importance of Spain had greatly declined ; Germany had secured its liberties, and due bounds had been set to the power of the Emperors by the treaty of West phalii; bat France, under the able administra tion of Henry IV. and of his Minister Sully, had recovered from the wounds inflicted by the civil wars, and began now rapidly to rise. Richlieu and Mazarin having firmly established the Royal authority upon the corpses of many of the most powerful among the nobles, paved the way for the successes which followed the accession of Louis XIV. No sooner had this great, but am bitious Monarch become conscious of his own power, than he determined to increase his con sequence at the expellee of his neighbours. This first attack upon the Netherlands, spewed him to alt Europe in his true colours, and the triple alliance, was formed to oppose a barrier to the ambition of the French Monarch. At this mo ment Charles 11. had it in his power to Acquire much honour, by preserving the balance of power; but this needy and profligate Prince, sold himself to the French Court, became the pensioner of a King to whom he ought to have' been en enemy, and thus established the supe riority of France. The nation was rescued from this disgraceful state of political existence, by the revolution. William, whose whole soul seems to have heel) bent upon humbling his formidable opponent, eagerly embraced the only his alance of pow er , w as end, and tphrein;)!irphlte cssi h p i i c e h o e f o m u l l i d i tlaeabtili ng bteo balance again put into activity. It formed the basis of the policy of Aline : and the disastrous wars, which ru now began many embittered the latter years of L ou i s XIV. effec tually pr ranee. A system of the future aggra n di zemen t o f a l i i r more s e lfisl t e o policy t l dtoisnveacdtiecntl, wiiciiie i t i s o of vv broke Eur o p e . A sp i r i t of he C parts, obliged s .. ! veral potentates to direct their attention to their own private concerns, and gave t h em l ess l e isure to watch the motions of their neighbours. At length, a revolution the most extraordinary, and the most complete in its na ture, and the most amazing and stupendous in its effects, overturned the throne of the Bout.- bons, and shook Europe to its very foundations. Summoned, at first, to defend their country and their liberty against foreign invaders, nearly one fourth of the male population of France took up arms. Making up in enthusiasm, whatever might be their deficiency in point of skill, the French not only expelled their foes from the territory of the republic, but soon extended their conquests in almost every direction. In vain did Austria, and Prussia, and Russia, repeatedly attempt to item the torrent which threatened to overturn every throne, and to reduce the whole of Eu rope under the sway of France: the French armies proved every where triumphant, and Na poleon, at one period, might be justly consi dered as the Sovereign of the Continent. In the mean time, called unexpectedly to make immense efforts, England, by a series of naval triumphs unequaled in the annals of the world, had b e come sole mistress of the seas, and pos slasor of every Colony that had once belonged to her foes. If the French eagle soared proudly above any continental standard, the British flag rode no less proudly triumphant, over the vast expanse of the ocean. And England thug effec tually set limits to the domination of France. 'ln this state of affairs the balance of power had no longer any existence, nor were its principles at all compatible with views of the rival Powers. This situation of Europe was too unnatural to ' endure for any considerable length of time. Finn as the domination of France seemed to be, it was still founded only upon fear ; and success alone could render it durable. Though humbled and Weakened, Austria and Prussia;and other leSs powerful States, awaited only a favourable opportunity, to'effect their emancipation. The mad ambition of Buonaparfe brought about this change, and proved the cause of his own destruc 'floe, and of a return to something like the, politi cal s . y,stem that existed previous to the French . Revolution. France was confined within her former limits. gorse of her neighbours re ceived an accession of power, which may keep, her somewhat in awe, whilst something like a wish to equalize the trading states was manifest ed in the arrangements. concluded at Vienna and at Paris. Hai the long-admired balance of power been thus re-established ? No. It may be so in appearance, but not in reality. It is true that, many states seem to, have received an acquisition' of importance which should tend to the preserva.- 1 tiOn of this desirable equilibrium. But . an Hance; not less novel in its appellation, than in ; its avowed purpose, by closely uniting the lead-1 ing powers of . the Continent, has, in effect, esta blishing. them parammy t Sovereigns, and reduced other IM o narchs . to a comparative state of vas - w age . Europe lies been freed from the military despotism of France, only to fall under , the oasitorial,yoke of the Holy Allies : and Eng.. lend has htyished her treasures . and her best. blood, only to become an object of envy, Of . suspicion, and of hatred, to the. Kings - who' are, mostlyludeitted to.her, for their present ,ability toinpreher,' if they choose A. P. LITERARY NOTICE. A DAY in LONDON. .:xtracted from SimoND'a " Travels in Britain, by a Frenchman:" In the morning all i s ca l m — not a mo use stir ring b e f ore t en o ' c l oc k, w h en t h e s h ops b e gin to open. Milk women, with their pails, perfect') neat, suspended at the extremities of a yokes carefully shaped to fit the shoulders, and sur rounded with small tin measures of cream, ring at every door, to hasten the servants, who come/ half asleep, to receive a measure as big as an egg, being the allowance of a family—f" it is necessary to explain that milk is not here food or drink, but a tincture, an elixir e7t hibited in drops, five or six At most, in a cup of tea, morning and evening. It would be dif ficult to say what taste or what quality those drops may impart, but so it is, and nobody' thinks of questioning the propriety of th e c ustoms Not a single carriage, not a cart is passing. Th e first considerable stir is the drum and military' music of the guards, marching from their barracks to the Park About three o'clock the fashionable world give some signs of life, issuing forth to pay visits, or rather to leave cards at the; doors of friends never seen but in the crowds 11 " f. assemblies —go to shops,—see sights—or lounge in Bond-street, an ugly, inconvenient street, th e attractions of which are difficult to understand' At five or six they return home to dress for din' ner ; the streets are then lighted on either side witty two long lines of bright dots, indicative of light,' but yielding in fact very little—there are larnil, from six to ei g ht—th e no i se 01 wheels increases—it is the dinner hour. A mill' titude of carriages, with two eyes of flame star ing in the dark before each of them, shake the pavement and the houses, following and crossing each other full speed ; stopping suddenly, a foot ' man jumps down, runs to the door, and lifts the heavy knocker, gives a great knock, then s e veral small ones in quick succession,—then with al; his might, flourishing as on a drum, with an art, and an air, and a delicacy of touch, which denote the quality, the rank, and the fortune of his master. For two hours, or nearly, there is a pause a t ten, a redoublement comes on. This is the great crisis of dress, of noise, of rapidity,—an universal . hubbub ; a sort of uniform grinding and shaking like that experienced in a great mill with 50 pair of stones This crisis continue° undiminished till twelve or one o'clock, then les s acid less during the rest of the night, till, at the approach of day, a single carriage is heard nor and then at a distance. Great assemblies are called roats or parties' but the people who give them, in their invi' tations, only say that they will be at home such day, and this some weeks before hand. The house in which this takes place is frequently stripPe4,, from top to bottom—b e d s , d rawers , and all bu t ornamental furniture, are carried out of sight, to make room for a crowd of well dressed people' received at the door of the principal apartmen t by the mistress of the house, standing, whosmile s at any new-corner with a look of acquaintance' Nobody sits; there is no conversation, no cards, no music ; only elbowing, turning and winding from room to room ; then, at the end of a quarter of an hour, escaping to the hall-door to w ait for the carriage, spending more time among t. 4 , e .. footmen than you h ave d one above stairs w their master. From this rout you drive to a" other, where, after waiting your turn to arrive at the door, perhaps half an hour, the street be' ing full of carriages, you alight, begin the PO round, and end in the same manner. NEW - MECIiANIC - POWER. (From the Scotsman.) From various circumstances we h ave not hi t h erto b een nb l f to give due attention to the e x p er i ments o f Sir ItumplireyDell and Mr.' Faraday, respecting the condensation of the gise7 We thought, at first, they had merely the common interest e t new chemical facts, a nd not hi ng more. We find, however, th e they open up views of the most singular and important nature' and, in particular, that they are likely to afibrd a new mechato' cal agent of almost houndless power. The experiments are de ; tailed in the, last p ar t o f t h e Phil osop hi ca l T ransact i ans , ba we draw the materi a l s o f t hi s s h ort not i ce f rom t h e extract; given in the An na l s o f Phil osop h y. From t h ese exper i me °— „ ` it appears, that, by any united application of cold and pre e ' sure, many of th e gases , suc h as car b on i c acid nitrous oxid e ' ammonia, enc u lorine .have been reduced to liquids. NYb c "'„, in this form, and under the pressure of twenty, thirty, forty atmospheres, they have a continual tendency to ree some the aeriform state, and a very small increase of tern' perature develops a prodigious power. Sulphuretted hydr o ' gen, for instance, condenses into a liquid at three degrees,' Fahrenheit, and under a pressure of fourteen atmosphere s ' but, if we raise the temperature 47 degrees, it exerts the Er es '' sure 0f37 atmospheres. In other words, by alternately eat; ing it up to 50 degrees, and cooling it down to adeg., we. ge r l e ; rate a force equal to three atmosph eres . It i s f oun d t h a t t elasticity, thus developed, varies in different gases, and thatitl; greatest in those which are most dense. Carbonic acid, oe of the heaviest gases, ; has, in the liquid stat e , an elastic fil e equal to 20 atmospheres at 12 deg. of Fahrenheit ; but, e L ; degrees, or the temperature of freezin g w a t er , it h as a 'forc 'equal to 36 atmospheres, so th a t th e sma ll a ddi t i on o f 20 delire e, of heat generates a force equal to 16 atmospheres, or 16 Ow' as great as that of steam in low pressure engines. Here, then' is the agent which, if means can be fallen up on t o gov ern ' properly, may, probably, supersede the uste of steam, and,chaP , the face of mechanical science. It is true, that the low ternP e „ rature requited in the cases alluded to is not easily obtained r, the great scale ; but it is to be observed, that, by increasing th permanent pressure, the very same result can be obtained et; ti ;much higher temperature. Ammonia, for instance, has a f° r i,, equal to 5 atmospheres at 32 degrees, and 6.; at ZO d eg . N O 4 if we take 6i as the permanent pressure, and assume that att . , :or 90 deg. it exerts a force equal to 9i atmospheres; we hs here the means of generating a power equal to 3 atraosphers 'by alternately adding and subtracting 40 deg. of h e at, and working with temperatures Which can be easily command I " In applying the condensed gases as mechanical agents," Sir Humphrey Davy, " the apparatus must be at least as strong' .and as perfectly joined, as that used by Mr. Perkins inhis big pressure engine ; but the small differences of temperature quired to produce an elastic force equal to the pressure of alty„ annospheres, will render the risk of explosion extremely since, if fature experiments' should realize the view's here de. loped, the mere difference of temperature between sunsh, s ' so and shade, or air and water, or the effects of evaporator frv o a moist surface, will be sufficient to produce results whichtlL, hitherto been obtain only by a great expenditure of ftte, l ' st These facts, we think, open up the prospect of a,fich of discoveries, which may, perhaps, produc e a g7 l 2at revolu` in mechanics. BIRTHS. asfr At the Cape of Good Hope, on the 17th of PeeenAber 77 Lady Mary Fitzroy, of a dau'ghter. onth o e f B . t a son. hins in t., at Croo's:-hin, Greenwich, Mrs. Martyr, • MARRIED. On the 26th ult.,. at the Hply Trinity Church, NJ, 14 . f ; Falconer, of Millmoor-cottage, near Rotherham, solicitor, `Atlne, only daughter of the late Mr. Temple, of DIED. At his daughter' s house, at Leyton, Mr. William Dit te ° 7 kimber.auerehan.t, in hisl3lst year,a man respected-an, d esteP by all ivho.knew him. yesterday, at his house at Clapham, Stephen Cattleyt 4 94461. !printed and Pnbiiihed - for: 7- th - e Pxornigaroaß, itt 4 F -5111' Orrtc.z., 112, Strand, by J. B. CAILKAIII.S.