The Sun. — London, England, 1855-08-11 00:00:00

MI " g , '~~~~. • , ~, ~~ ORE AT WESTERN RAILWAY.— ~.._ CHEAP E XCURSION to GLOUCESTER ,CHELTENH , 3I, ;,":!•,8, HEREFORD, and CHEPSTOW SUNDAY, August 2 i tli, 77.2,5ta Excursion Train will leave Paddington at 7 a.m., return ng rse, Lan'79tv at 7, Hpreford, at 6.30, Ross, at 7, m' an bselt:—_oGloucester Chio, the same evening. Fare . .. there 6 an Chel s tenha 63, kil ucester andtenham, les. and 61. ; ' 1 iti„:` Ch ePstow and Hereford, Us, and 7s. Passengers hav in bell:: l only be conveyed at the erdinary fares' Tickets pa Pr " l autlY t the P • Addington, Station. v..........:L _--- ) _____________ L°l‘n)°--X ancl ITORTH-WESTER i TOtiti RAILWAY. TO THE LAJAS OF WESTMORELAND AND CHM, tl- , AND, OR NORTH WALES. EXTENSION OF TIME. Thege Tick Inn y r , „ ' As are now issued, available for THREE WEEK S re 14 T i l' i le't in. lar4e Parties can, by special application, made berg , eta are taken, have them , endorsed for a longer period. Pares to Rhyl, B angor, Fares to Carnarvon, or Holyhead. Windermere and back ' ..lerad on Ist Class, 2d Class. Ist Class. 2d Class t v'zio l :d '' '• • • ..... £3 10 £2 10 .... , . £3 10 o£2 10 -inn ' '''''''' •• ' 3 ° 2 0 .....„. 33 0 2 5' 0 p, Ol, ntham ...... 201 10 , 250 1 16 Pete n ain Dtoil •••115 ' 1 7 ... 20 01 12 6 I.itial.• ••..210 . 2 0 :. 212621 •• •• J %m he By order. Manager's Ofllce, Easton Station, 25th Jane MARK , 185 UTISH. 5. ___ GREAT liNTDIAN pt./gimp-LA RAILWAY' C— '421 COMP ANY. • Per share on the "Fxperimental" Shares, now 11. paid, Call er 2/ _ Maltinhet rer share ca v iled up.' • Per share on "Extension" Shares, now 21 paid up, Wit h Making 41. per share called uP. ~,_ option °f PaYlnent.to. the fall amount ofsl. per Share, vile respectively.' t i„L' 4 "uth IS o lik at-EBY GIVEN, That, in pursue ea °I" A Res°lll - t _e -risrd of Directors, the proprietors in this Compan hold glare ah',,lierirnental" or " Extension" Shares upon which It. per )4 Y a turtle' 1 . Per share respectively Is already called, are required to I AR a / r instaime t e o r f 21 . per shar e ezo o n y _e , ach such share (mak fitty 4 1) " , lhare and gi n . k m co 4ternber, 18 55 Tat thes) ost or before the 25th lnl7of Messrs. peYwood, KennardA, Zaberor"t i,l44lbard-street, London; and if such Call be net paid on fey, ta ,„,ue mid 2th September, the oprietors of the aforesaid LtN%l ' l ; , , l L t i not be entitled to interest upon any portion of their sn, .„ will, nevertheless , be chargeable with interest upon the "alto ' " , the rate of 5 per: cent. per annum, and the shares will fiat ' liabl e to f . .04 ref , „ nefeiture, under " The Companies'Clauses Conseil -1,,,x145 1 ,, ,_ . 1411 E: Le ' 3 Hereby Ettrtber Given That the.proprietors of . the ky to theDerritnental" and " Extension " Shares can. at their option, 3, t n ° l ' ber e t 'II amount of 51. per •share, on both descriptions of shares, stsr ii ' the said 25th day of September, 1855, at the Bank of c.3,.ral•gr„3'w°4-A, .Rennards, and' Co. otiri,-,nts will be made; immediately after this payment, for *l l i ,..? the several existing 1. shares Into shares of 201, value, of (310,x7hr notice will be i 4 n. ° laces ~),ftli,.oriliNTELtus NIC v H e OLF,ON, Superintending Director. " 'amPany 3New Broad-street, London, p, s . . . • August Bth, 18'55. ire 1h i t ' elt, ig th Legigter will b Closed, pursuant to the above calls, bra wid,. 4 — __T the 3st Au g e es t t.' and no Transfers can, thyre -'1" after't l he 17th in t st n .:un ' til the calls are paid. I T NSTABLISITED 1837. 4. -1-1-1-A LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY. 1, Princes -street, Bank, London. b 7 Special Act or Parlfarnent, 4 Viet., cap. 9.. • nutAkheath PAric, CHAINItAIt. he r ,' "stier , - Ilkj` 4 lN 'retti aLes of Premium for gearing Loans or Debts. oillY required during first seven. years. PaYable ' at Sixty or at death if occurring previously. 111tr i , NIA. MUTUAL LIFE ASSOCIATIO N. y e nta di -41 P 0 'Pered by her Majesty's Royal Letters Patent. 4 1141:Q3 .ed annually. 11,1f-etedi,C9PODUted for every three months' difference of age. prollPolicies—the unpaid half premiums liquidated out or ( th '\tiE.s.sy.) (Mutrusi..) --..,—, 'l.it:lilt C'Preln , m o urn ole Half 'guar- Ylr%l . . - • 3 0„ rtiaind for R e . • Age. •" Annual Yearly terZy l'Zi s ' premium Pre- Pre ...._ • of Life ' ! mium. minor. .-,......: I. d --•----..„ ; 1 4' , S. d. Years . Months 4 s. d 4 X a. d. £ a. d. ' - 4 3 6 30 . 0 2 7 3. 1 4 20 12 3 2 22 18 4 3 1 2 7 144,0 12 4 3\5'5 fy 6 2'7 10' 1 4 6, 012 13 4' . , 9 1 2 8 2' 1 4 8: 0-12 r Z 1 , 71 4 5 I . 9 1 9 2 2 3 . E. R. FOSTER, Resident Director. ANDREW FRANCIS; Secretary. tik.,\T x kv,, 11 \IG and GUARANT - Z BUSINESS kl; r tqTrrl I lit Nist e •—. - --The SOLVENCY GUARANTEF. CO ,f. tio tt ktit red provisionally). in union with and to supersede the ;"11,7i.tts ether Guarantee Company ;• registered and incorporated ti:41100. tharli ament, 7 and 8 Vic.. cap. 110, and 10 and 11 Vie., Guarantee. of Debts, Rents, Bills, °tee, Bonds, 41 , 13. 1% k n d'," Eroharfassed Estates, Contracts, and other Mone. tr,,.,•4 3 vi.,_..a150 for Banking in Combination with Debt Guaran -‘O5, alltnercial and monetary transactions id geneial will Lazio tat Lation Ll t aach este Q r ° L .K 23 l 7 William-street, Londen-bridge. • Rrown-street. _ 1i"tt1,257001---35, Old Hall-street. - • • • P. b ; 40 /., with ower to increa to 1,000,0001., In shares h p ; N ro, Ns it , 1 0s. per share, or the se fall amount may be paid are It ails cont em pl a ted, but the holders or bares of the . 1 , , Day be privileged as fo l lows: D ',.,ht ,arty time the whole or any part of each shares. Jd I,,;lT)rt, t he je a discount of 5L per cent. on the amount so paid let October, 1855. n , 4 1, 4 ' ' r e interest at Si. per cent. per annum on the amount 4 41 11 4 leipat t, th e e solely in the profits of the Tilecount Department, ',D4i.tirlitire amount is reserved to shareholders. rfis ~)fol V lshi 4 Pate partly in the profits of the Guarantee Depart .arth4,olle-third part is reserved to shareholders. • - ""Ity. qtp, done will be liable beyond the amount of his shares, 'Vat. - "e 3 to that effect being inserted in every guarantee and 0 11 1 4'e r he s . d th 11 ,,,5 1 be signed aantll after the first Annual Meeting. 'O4„ 'ateq l :`? l 3• is not to be regarded as a new institution, but simply :404 and reconstruction. on the proprietary system, of the Zll• y i°4 in Guarantee COmpany, which, aince ago omplete re. ;1 4 rants °a has, even with the limited powers rded by the en nstitution, and in the lace of many and vast dn. 'thi• h r l ft ,leoli et a Po , itiln and attained an amount of business which - attqat asserted hare never been equalled by any . institution ti l• be 4 ad tne time. This success it is believed will be greatly aug y , fi „-ans,lidated by a furth of er development its powers. how extended offers to shareholders a safe and (espe -I:4ltclarririal's of the dis c o u nt branch) lucrative investment, be out 11%4 , tto them one-third of the profits arising from the gua tri 4, t'" of the Comany. The remaining two-thirds of these di Vid p 4, t 4, gd among the assured members,. who, addition 114,711 1 , 5 -6 4 as conferred by their guarantees. will derive legiti 4ttLit tt e , n ' valuable assistance through the Discount, Reference, b.alitin"r3' Departments. ° Ifea t T l i the Company, whtet by • the Deed of Constitution o ht ext Ended, comprises chiefly— t?ibbAlat,DEßT GUARANTEE DEPARTMENT. aef „' fl a of the principle of assurance to this parpose is thfatelY -comziled tables, by which it is demonstrated ,• ; 4 e l tr a ,imlillense number of m.rehnnta, bankers, manufac- V 10044, rti of Great Britain, there Is in each occupation, '‘ il -P "'atir, erl „ ° cis, a'determinate average amount of insolvency. Ott. ) 6 - ' 4 of t his' department comprise I' f• o r a ',,nusi Return Guarantees , embracing the total sales of ‘a "led term. a g 'Ri s k Pt: ID • Guarantees, insnringonly a specified part of an '„,'ltco't Guarantees, covering separate risks, at premiums Te s 6 0 iIZ,JS to the nature of each case t rtekts KING and DICCOUNT DEPARTMENT. at 1,11„, fag this 'department are, by discounting trade bills 141, , t issued by tileCoMpany, to afford to the share -wilt-AV:vat and to the assured the advantages of a " dig , ti ai • 1 1 anion with a guarantee on their gross annual , e 8 Ste rri • 4 etN a d ' ~,, will. when fully developed, in to the ol 7 usqal business of the Joint Stock differ Banks. no.mate- di k „eratiot t s of this department cnmprise chiefly— 'lad of t ra d e bills cavered by guarantees issued by this rl4 f r aas annual . returns. A preference will be given to cliko:..harehoWers. • Te4tS, but not of claims admitted under any of the guarantee not dile. latttll44''''6llattiong of moneys on debentures or deposit receipts.' tkad h; 4 ' p inre g Of bills. Is.strictly limited to approved trade bills ecit„ n than four months to run and cov . erecl. by, policies a t . n 'tati . ,„ a bt Guarantee Depar , ment. ° It is obvious that more restriction must give to the paper under discount k lt°l ll.. —l)er rect than ordinarily pertains to such invest til•ll thereto who seek for perm 44 anent or temporary invest -1141; safel; r Pl'al capital atthehigheat ' roe 'Of intermit cornea .k",.earbti ; 1 ' will find. in this branch of the Company's operations k'ne n I ntltar ant leas safe and remUnerattvethan any afforded and private banks. , 4 ..a t .4 1 1ter thf ?.nstitatton'provides for an annual division of the ' Oll O'P/tug equitable ~,'"n -scheme : Mrs the shareholders . as a bonus, in addition to. the tt4 . '",o4 b, `* l from the use of their capital in the discount de s A , r tt a l" be a„2'the - assured, to be divided according to the rules; ied wall in reduction of future premiums. and rk % elth, t all, n3 ,7f to be applied in the formation of a reserved fund. brl d ' f r.s ., har'es, prospectuses, agencies. made at '.e Company, No: 38, King William-street, Lon • F- rOrni, of Application for Shares. 14 s""tn Wen of the Solvency Guarantee Company. • :1 0 : "quest that you'wM allot nie - shares of £5 t " ' 4 mit e °olPan • and in consideration of such allotment YOU m ay Y a roorlate to me, I hereby undertake 1 / 4 t74 3 ,2t'l rn ejj, ° ,,, t' per PP share thereon, and to execute the ' 414 - ', 4t when required. day of ,185 Signature O • •• • Residence .. •... ..... • • Profession or Trade Place ofßusiness ll c t Nh t . v - WPA (I x ; Noy MUTUAL GUARANTEE kti f - ENC,r; London, 38, King William-street, London-bridge ; ""nl-st Li 00l 35 Old liall-street.'. • 1 1 for „ reet , verp „ tov,4lotiba, the guarantee of debts, rents. bills, bonds, compo guar.,,aB„" mates, and other monetary risks. 'lst;'; ' i.molab.r,'”•eedaga'nst loss by bad debts, assisted in the re gebts, informed sanda the solvency of buyer 4. and of trouble, expense, loss of time in prosecuting insolvencies, private -rrangements. I.4i t yorrns of proposal, and information, on apptcation. 'ta STIYART CANSDELL, Managing Director. - I 14. 4 , -- -----________________ ' Zi,, '4 lx • ..e •OLVIENCY MITTUATI GUARANTEE k'‘'l•"ba Ik tli r nOM PANY. %l u ll ti w 9 j -C E. — INTEREST at the rate of 51. per cent. per —tttit'h,.'AYAßLE, at the chf fficts as below, on deben m,kiqii4th,ls'Conr.any in the year n 1853, Will i ''S STUART CA.NSDELL, Managing Director. f•N tan-street, London-bridge. \X It A , t t , NT() oth '''VESEND ST & L I P erP PACKETS. k u 4tltets call at the Grenhithe and Purtieet Piers. 14 b -- tali Ito 3t the Piers &,, underlined (weather perratttinr 4'"4l° - ", ' , E — PIER, GRAVESEND. mi_l SONDAT3 Time e v 4ett)4,o4a,t cr, 4 1 4 rte t 4 or : 11 ti tn ti et , I ' 4l Ilk Tl•lat.; Lurch street Station to all parts 01 BLUKWALL, on the arrival o 'on] the Fenehnroh-street Station. OP `~ t8 • t , e4, tre et ske a Feli x, church 6. Street ...••••• 9 10 1 2 1 — I 3 5 —6% SUNDAYS. Cir 'l4 4 , 113 avena Pea Ls— — Fore Cabin. i ' r nd , 831,1 ( LAM m* 5 lo "r ith " la tkwall • • ••••• .. la. 2,1 and u rk1 0 , 1 ..... or Woolwich Bd. .. Os. sod thn2AT ‘.; r a;'eg e s '''wan or N r . • • ••** " Sd• • • °s• I°d• gtcl Pi nd ano 001wich...... Bd. th e T.,erroedire Pier 6d. .. OE Bd. 4 ' l /.14 t. nnth 1c — I 465: Or ond ,5 .; to be had of the oetcra 1 1 T ema Fier, Graves :al, ht,"l P 7 .4 z I‘J I -- 4 . ••. 7 • --. 3 i; +1 N o . 19;615.] PUBLICATIONS. 13, GREAT MARLBOROtIGII-BTR , Wa T. NEW NOVEL; by Mrs. TROLLOPE, CM: entitled, "GERTRUDE; or, Family Pride," in 3 vols., is in the press, and will be shortly published, by Messrs. Hurst and Mullett, successors to ,Mr. Colbum. Orders received at all the Libraries. . Just published, price hs., by post, free, 58. 6d. , STRICTURE of the URETHRA : its Rational . Treatment and Prompt Cure. By F. B. COURTENAY, • Member of,the Royal College of Surgeons of England. "We believe Mr. Courtenay's experience in the treatment otstric ture during the last twenty years has equalled, if, indeed, it hat not surpassed, that of any of his contemporaries. It is, therefore, no matter of surprise -that he should enjoy the reputation of being e - most dexterous and skilful Manipulator with urethral instruments ; and when It is remembered that the lamented Liston used to assert that the introduction of instruments through a stricture which had` previously been impermeable to them, was the most difficult in the whole range of surgical operations, it must be uo slight souice of gratification on Mr. Courtenay's part. to have achieved the reputation he has in thlo res)ect ; and for our part, with the knowledge we have of his expelAnce, we know pf no man to whose care we would,with greater confidence entrust the treatment of a severe case of stricture of the uiethra."—Medical Circular. London: H. %Mien, 219, Regent-street. .• . 110 COMMERCIAL TRAVELLERS and Others.—The TRAVELLERS' and MARINE INSURANCE. COMP - ANY graiit Policies of Insurance against EVERY DESCRIP TION of ACCIDENT, whether occurring whilst travelling or other wise. • CAPITAL, 250,0001. - • • TRUSTEES. • The Right,Ronourable Earl Fitzwilliam, K.G. lltaithtcv Marshall,•Esq. (Bank of 'England). William, Smee, Esq. (Bank of England). )! 1 7; . .. Charles Fox. EXAMPLE OF RATES. Annual Premium. I Sum at Death. I Weekly Allowance. £2 0 0 Xl,OOO £5 0 0 £1 5 0 j £5OO 1 £3 0 0 Forms. of ,Pro,posd, Prospectuses, &c., May ba obtained at the Chief °tees, 42 and 43, Poultry, London, between 10 and 4 o'clock. FRANCIS COBRAS!, Registrar. NORTE LAWCASIIIRE.—ELIGIBLE INVESTIUBITTS. ATOWIIRIOIC • ESTAT4-11BaT (41 Kirkham. v nighb• dosirable class" tunas, comprising 396 acres and upwards, 382 acres whereof are in a ring fence, ca led Pasture, Barn Farm. with excellent farm buildings and cottages, situate near: to Kirkham, in the northern part of tha,courity of Landaster,.eight mPes from Preston. and about two miles from the Kirkham Station , 11 the Preston, Fleetwood, and Wyre Railway ; Mid also several Plots of Land, and Crown and other Rents, Tithe Rent Charges in Nether.Wyres4ale, and the Manor or reputed Manor of lquctrUrs -wtek;,nearijiyerston, in the iron mineral district Of North Lanca shire. The above very eligible properties will be-offered for sale, by, auction, at the Black Horse Hotel, ,Kirkhsm, on TUESDAY, the twenty-first day of August, at Three o'clock in the afternoon. in eleven lots. They c unwise a very desirsbie farm called Pasture; Barn Farht, containing 382 acres and upwards, in a ring fence. Also, the well-accustomed Inn, and several Plots of Freehold Land, situate' in the townships of ltedlar-cum , Wesham and Warton, in the irrish, Kirkham, in the cotinty of ancaster. Also, a' desire , le Freehold Residence at Poulton-on-the-Fylde, suitable fur a small: genteel family. Also, the Manor of Mach Urswick, or Westbte Lands, near Ulverston, in th Mineral District of Furness, in North Lancashire, together with certain Carriage Moneys or Rents, amounting to 2/ 2s 7 1 4 cl. ; as also, a Crown Rent of l ls. , issuing out of Mowbrick Hall Farm, within Medlar-cum-Wesham, aforesaid. And likewise a Rent of 21. 13s. 4d. issuing and p,yable out of the Manor of Heaton, inthe counts of Lancaster. And also, the commuted Rent Charges in lieu of tither, within the township of Nether Wyresdale, in the parish of Garslang, in North Lancashire, amounting; in ,the aggre fate to 481. 15s. The above very valuable freehold properties, presenting eligible means of investment, will be offered for sale at the time and place above mentioned, tinThss previously disposed of by private treaty, of which due notice will be given. Particulars of the, properties and lots, with plans, may be had on and after the twenty-first July, at the office of Messrs. William and Henry Parkinson Sharp, 2, Vernlam-buildings, Gray's-inn; and of John Sharp, Esq., solicitor, Lancaster; of John Buck Lloyd. Esq., solicitor, Liverpool ; of Messrs. Pilkington and Walker, solicitors, Preston ; of Wm. Butler, Esq., Dalton, in Furness ' • at the principal hotels in Lancaster, Freston, and Ulverston; and at the place of ale. • , • IIR WM. BURNETT'S DISINFECTING _3 FLUID, for destroying alt Offensive Smells and purifying 81ck Rooms, &c. Its cost is less than One Farthing per Gallon when diluted for use. Sold by eII Chemists, and at IS, Cannon-street, City. Gallons, ss. • Quarts, 2s. Pints, Is. Half-pints, 6d. yOZEAU'S COPAFIINE, or SACCHARATED P C APRIL EFt, approved of by the French College of Phisicfans, uecessfully administered in the Paris and London Hospitals, and acknowledged by them to be the best remedy for a certain disorder. (See •`Lancet" of Nov. 6, 1852.) A copy will be forwarded on appll - per 100. 4s. 6d. 50, 2s. 9d. To be had of the inventor, G . ABRIELJOZIZAU, French chemist, 49, Haymarket, London, and .11 the principal chemists, KERTCH JACKET. The KERTCH JACKET, just invented, is the most gentle manly garment for the season. For elegance and comfort it has no equal. _ The KERTCH 'JACKET is the neatest article of Dress for home wear or for business, for the sea coast, or for pleasure excursions. The KERTCH JACKET is cut with peculiar skill, and made with that Neatness and Art which E. MOSES and Sox only display. It is their design excluOvely. It is approve I by every on , who has in - spected ti, sad its utility will make it the most popular garment for the present and the apprOaching season. The KERTCH JACKET can only be obtained at E. Mosrs and Sox's. London E•tablishment—Minories and Aldgate. _ _ . _ . . . West-end Ilranch—New Oxford-street and Country Branches—Sheffield and Bradford, Yoticshiro, Colonial Branch ( Wholesale) —Melbourne, Victoria. THE NEW SHOOTING COAT. The new SHOOTING COAT possesses novel features, and, 'lke every other invention la Dress which has been produced by E. VosEs and Solt. fully proves their perfect attainment in the Clothing Business, which they have ss long pnrsuei with inimitable success. The Materials of the new SHOOTING COAT arc novel ; its Cut `s , tlioreughty •Arttstte`; ' Its Style is theirs exelnAirely ; ean lot approach its' excellences; its appearance is elegsnt - and in 'porting exercises it will to found the easiest and most useful Gar ment which has been produced. Sportsmen may select all their Dress at E. Moses and Sou's, with the advantage of Superior Quality and Cheapness. London Establishment—Minories and Isidgate. Wed.-end Branch—New Oxford-street and Hart-street. Country Branches—Sheffield and Bradford, Yorkshire. Colonial (Wholesale Branch)—Melbourne, Victoria. IN THE HIGH COITRT-OF CHANCERY. TRrESEMAR.—On the 29th of May, 1855, an injunction was granted by the High Court of Chancery, and wi the 11th June following was made perpetual, against Joseph Franklin and others, to restrain them, ander a penalty of one thou ,and pounds, front imitatinz this Medicine, which is protected by , ioyal Letters Patent of England, and secured by the Seals of the Ecole dt eharmacie de Paris, and the Imperial College of Medicine, Vienna. TR I'ESEM AR, No.-1, 14 a rembdy fhr Relaxation. Spermatrirrhcea..and Exhanstion of tip v.tern, whether arising ftom excesses, accident, or climate. To those persons who are prevented intertnz the married state by , e - consequencesof early errors it is TRIESNMAR, No. 2, Tfectually, to the short space of three days, completely and entirely adicates all traces of those Disorders which Capivi and Cubebs we so long been thought an antidote for, to the ruin of the health A vast' portion of the population, TRI ESE VIAR, No. 3, is 'he great Continental Remedy for that ciass of Disorders, which u Fortunately the English physician treats with Mercury, to the in e destruction of the patient's constitution, and Which all the s vsaparilla in the world cannot remove. fRIESEMAR, No. 1,2, 3, are atilte devoid of taste or smell, La of all nauseating qualities. They may lie on the, toilet taste -ithout their use being suspected. Sold in tin cases at I is. each, free by post, 2s. extra,. divided into oparate doses, as administered by Valpeau, Lallemand, Roux, cc., kc.—To be had Wholesale and Retail In London of Johnston, 68, 'ornhill ; Hannay and Co., 63, Oxford-street: and Rangm. I co, Ox -,rd-street ; R. H. Ingham, druggist, 4G, M arket-street, Manchester ; 1, Bradbury, bookseller, Deansgate, Bolton; J. Priestly, chemist, 52, .ord-street, Liverpool; PoWitn, bookseller, 15, Westmoreland-street, >ublin; Winne% bookseP High-street, Birmingham. ME SECRET INFIRMITIES Ow YOUTH. A.NI) MATURITY. 'uitt publilted, price 25., illltettittod with cases; free by post for 26 Stamps, N. ERVOVS DEBILITY; Its Cute*, symptoms, and Cure.—An Essay on Sper natorrhosa, With Practical Observations on a safer and more ,ecesstul mode of treatment of the diseases of the Generative , ystem; 'obtained by the* the of the Microscope in detecting and Skinguishing, by urinary examination, the real cause and effect of 'very variety Of complaint, whether arising from solitary habits, , xeeres, accident, or climate, followed by practical remarks, founded :a twenty years' experience in the treatment of Impuissance. , Tervous Debility, Local Weakness, Spermatorrhcea, Ste. To which ;re added, Commentaries on the Physiology of Marriage. with pre titionary hhits on the evils emanating from empirical practice, and on the dangerous remedies advocated by various writers on hese important disorders. By SAMUEL LA'AfF,RT, M.D. 37, BEDFORD-SQUARE, LONDON, Doctor of Medicine, Matriculated Member of the University of Ediu burgh, Honorary Member of the London Hospital Medical Society, 'LicentiatJ of Apothecaries' Hall, London, &c„ Ito. The esgentitil object-of this treatise is to point out the fearfacon .qaences'restilting from certain habits, irregularities, and excesses, +illicit have produced more misery in Youth, degradation in Man ood, and premature decay at all stages of Life, than, perhaps, any Alter class of disease known to modern pathologists. Its perusal is cticularly recommended to persons entertaining secret doubts of 'sir physical condition, and who are conscious of having hazarded e health, happiness, and privileges to which every human being is in titled; it is absolutely necessary that all men should know, that there are ,rineipies of personal management which cannot be violated without .ncurring grievous penalties, and when wisdom and regret succeed is heyday of inconsiderate self-indulgence, how these penalties 'Jay be mitigated, how the sting of their bitterness may be removed, mod how Ike evil and.its consequences may be avoided, and above all, 'at there's scarcely any degree of physical infirmity or functional ierangement to which the timely aid of science cannot apply a cure. "he Author has for a series of years been engaged In an extensive ractice in the treatment 01 these delicate complaints, which have eitortunately been too generally confided to the care of ignorant erneirics, who inflict great injury on those who are induced to place faith in their pretensions.' NERVOUS DEBILITY may be had; price 2s, of Metall. Piper, Brothers, And 23,Paternoster-row; Hannay, 63, Oxford-street ; l'orne,l9, Leicester-square; Mann, 39, Cornhill; or free by post for 26 stamps to any sddrics from the Author's residence;. 37, Bed ford-sluice. At home for, consultation daily froM eleven till two, and from six till eight. VACANCIES, APPOINTMENTS, AND PROMOTIONS IN THE CIVIL SERVICE.-- Ordnance Department.—Mr. J. L. Thomas, clerk of the works, has been appointed assistant surveyor. The following promotions have taken place in the Ordnance Department of the Tower of London : Mr. R. Eaton, storekeeper from Devonport, to be store keeper, vice Stacey, who retires ; Mr. J. Baker, second senior;clerk, to be first-class clerk, vice King ; Mr. E. C. King, first-class junior clerk, to be second-class senior clerk, vice Baker ; Mr. G. S. Berwick, second-class junior clerk, to be first-class junior clerk, vice King ; Mr. H. J. Parry, second-class junior clerk, to be firat class junior clerk ; Mr. E. G. Lane, assistant clerk, to be second-class junior clerk, vice Parry. Customs. — The following officers have been raised in pay at Grims by :—Chief clerk, Mr. Walker, an additional 501. ; first landingwaiter, Mrs. Rennison, 301. , second landing waiter, Mr. Wright, 201. The appointment of landing waiter at Hull is vacant by the death of Mr. William Board. Appointments—Mr. F. Aohrill has been ap pointed a clerk at Grimsby ; Mr. A. Watt has been ap pointed a clerk in the examiner's-office in London ; Mr. J. Bradford has been appointed a clerk in the Long room in London ; Mr. G. E. B. N. Bass has been ap pointed searcher in London ; Mr. F. Bullmore bas been appointed a clerk in the Long-room in London. Pro motions.—Mr. Henry Maclean has been promoted from second to first-class clerk in the secretary's department ; Mr. E. Goodwyn has been promoted from the third t o the second - class clerk in. the oecretary's department.— Oivi4 Sonic(' acacetc! London If the +Ol ~ . . . , I .., , , ... wt. v. A .A. t.T.A.YOa . -,', . , ..„ • .- • • _ .. _ . , ' ~...:._,t, _...... • .... , ''.l . k :41 -: ~..,..• . . ,),, .. „ .0. .:-...4:1,44 .4i. L oc i , i7l. .... fl. ".. 11 , .. ...MI , o , : fPW.P . fik 7) / • aut -i r -• I.!ff,i, 1 ) 14 1 :*•7 ' ;i: I A ' , , . ' - N, lil , 'S• • - 4 Z" - , • .r . ' — ps . : Notib, limp X , Oir: 7 :tl . * . .4 , -,. , fs , ~..... it 1 . ; , t . „,.. t ...,, • ~,,, •••01*,. , -, • , • 5 ,, 4!. ,,, . ~.. -.‘' 1 , '-'7 .; „ , ~,.''''''''' :„: i.......,„ - ps . ....' fi ~!04,.agcy} J. a l k • . . —. y 1 / 4 - 'C i. * lopri ‘ . ' '' l a ( " 44 ,__ 71'44.- 'S '.7 • . . ''... . '''''''l 4)lLR ) ''' 4' i t ' '''- '4ll . ' (- ..4.1 " • ....',., , !4!...t , ...,, n o : 4 , , ••••: ,;,,,,,'! / '<,41. r.. > j I 1 , k, . 1 'n .....- gyfir Ags ' . ,'''' •• . __. • , i / t • ~,, ~,,,, ~,- ..A.:-, ~..... ..,_.:, . 6 ,-,i a 'll;•fiPiii ‘,A. 413 ' ~,, .'' l , t ,ig k, •: - •- ' ' ~"----- 3515 - - - 1 1 nxE ; irk 4.„ , , . •-,,. ,. . 4, 1A- „,) \ - . 1 / 4 11 , ' . -,- ‘: < • E e4: . f A\ _ - 4 z., - •4N_, _,_.,. ' ' ' ~-.... : '•:rt,Zi'...F.4,' , , . , ~‘ 41 , 11‘.0 •' . ' ROIT. ~..:. ' r '''' ...VIA \"--,--Z"..---••• 1 - 1)i,,10. .:0 . t t'. ..:':...:. f).: S; 1, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, AUGUST 11, 1855. ESTAI3LISHMENT OF. PEOPLE'S. LIBRA RIES IN THE RURAL DISTRICTS. SPEECH OF 'LORD STANLEY, M.P. HATFIELD (Hui's) • WEDNESDAY. A public meeting was held in the Riding-school ACHat "field-house this evening, at which Lord - Stanley, M.P., who is at present the guest of the Marquis of SalisbnrY, delivered. ,a lecture in support of the establishment, of a people's library for the village of Ritfield and the surround ing districts. The attendance was numerous, and included all the principal 'gentry of the neighbourhood, amongst; whom the feeling is universally favonrable to the object for which the meeting was convened. The Marquis.of Samsßunvpresided, "and in opening the proceedings said—Ladies and Gentlemen, the object for which you are assembled is to promote an attempt which is now being made in this county to • improve upon the system of popular edibation, and my noble friend near me, Lord Stanley, has been kind enough to tender his services towards the attainment of this great and important object. The question of education is one that, for a considerable period, has commanded the growing attention Of the country, and I believe that at the present moment there are a sufficient number of • schools established to give the rudiments of edecation in most districts. •Much good has consequently been the result, inasmuch as !the elements of a truly religious education have been imparted to many who would otherwise have been left entirely destitute of them, and education without religion would be worse than no education at all. (Hear, hear.) But a link has been wanting in the chain. After the children have quitted school, they have had no oppor tunity afforded them of improving upon the knowledge they acquired there, and with the cessation of their attend ance at school-has ceased the demand for education. All who hear me are aware that of late years there has been a' great improvement in the ability and intelligence displayed by the children who have passed through our -wheels ; but it must be equally obvious, that after entering upon the active duties of life, they have little importunity, especially in the rural districts, of cultivating their minds, and that they then gradually relapse into that istate of ignorance the existence of which is a matter so much to be deplored. To the subject of popular - education ,the minds] of the most able of our statesmen and philanthropists hav'e ' long been directed, and many attempts have been made to ensure its being Carried out to the fullest extent. From various causes, however, all these attempts have failed, and no meana -have yet been adopted for continuing the educa tion of the population between the period of their leaving school .ind their growth to manhood. Now, one mode which has Suggested itself to my noble friend, as a means of furnishing that continued education to all who are in clined to improve themselves, is the establishment of free libraries ; and at my request he has kindly consented to appear before you on the present occasion. for the purpose of pronitoting such an institution in this neighbourhood He has made the attempt with very great success in several districts. He has assisted in establishing a large library at Oldham, another at Preston, and a third at King's Lynn, the town which has the honour,of having.him as its repre sentative in Parliament.' I can only say that I thank him for his presence here, and that I hope you will give your warm and hearty support to the effort to form an institu tion of the sort in this county. This is the first instance in which such an effort has been made in so purely a rural district ; and in commencing at Hatfield I hope the move ment may spread throughout the whole country, and 'that the example which you set to-night will be followed by other 'districts ; and that my noble friend's exertions in the cause vill not fail to meet their due reward. I will not de tain you further than to introduce to you my noble friend Lord Stanley. (Cheers.) Lord STANLEY then came forward, and said Ladies and Gentleman,—You have heard the too flatter ing remarks ,of our chairman, Lord Salisbury, on'my ap pearance here, and as there is nothing more disagreeable to any one of ordinary delicacy than even the semblance of interfering in matters which do not concern one, I think it only courteous to you, and due to myself, before entering on the general object which we have met in this room to talk over, to state in half-a-dozen words why and how I come to stand here, to-night in the position of an adviser in a county and part of England with which I have no local connection. Lord Salisbury, always mindful of the duties which property owes to society, and rightly thinking that though Government may help in the work of education, yet that work must in the main be carried out by private efforts, had for some time past entertained the design of endeavouring to supply" the educational re quirements of this neighbourhood on a scale and by an agency more extended and effective than had hitherto been employed. I mean by the establishment of a free, or nearly free, popular library. Now, such institutions are comparatively new to the rural districts of England. - In Lancashire, however, and throughout the , manufacturing districts, where the population is at once dense, enter prising, and wealthy, they have grown up' and flou rished to a great degree within the last few years. I have had some little experience of such undertakings there; and Lord Salisbury, therefore, did me the honour, when this scheme was first mooted, of asking for such informa tion and counsel as I could offer upon some practical points. I gave it to the best of my power ; and I was then requested t 8 repeat in public, and to a larger audience, that which I had previously stated in private to a few persons. Hence this meeting, at which you will be pleased to remember that I appear, not as being myself an actor in the work on which you are engaged, but merely as a witness to speak of that which I have seen elsewhere, and merely by desire of Lord Salisbury. and of those who are associated with him in this undertaking. Now, having said so much, let us see, first what has been done in England up to the present time in the way of providing instruction for grown persons ; next, what are the practical advantages to the public of such institutions ; thirdly, what are the difficulties to be dealt with. and the prebabilitiee of success in this particu lar case. It is, I fear, only tbo easy to show that, in reg.“l - public libraries, England is far more backward than many countries whose state of civilisation is lower. I take the leading nations of Europe. Of libraries of the larger class, containing above 10,000 volumes each, and open with more or less freedom to the public : France has 107, with 4,000,000 volumes. Austria ... 48 Prussia ... 44 England ... 33 Of which 500,000 is in the single collection Of the Museum. If I had included emaller,collections of from I,oooto 10,000 volumes, the result would have been much more unfavour able; but of these it is almost impossible to obtain ac curate returns. A fairer test is the following, as it shows the amount of accommodation actually afforded to the public in each country : In Saxony, which stands at the head of the list, there are for every 100 inhabitants Denmark • - • 412 Bavaria 339 Tuscany (not the most enlightened state in Europe) 261 Prussia Austria 167 France 129 Belgium England and 'United Kingdom Or, in regard of this particular kind.of educational prOvi sion,wehave jasto'ne-eighth the accommodation. of Saxony, one-sixth that of Bavaria, one-third that of Austria, and two-fifths that of France. In the United States the popu lation is scattered, distances are great, books are cheap, most persons can afford to purchase on their own account, yet already there are more than 100 libraries of 5,040 volumes and upwards, and scarcely a village without come thing of the kind on a smaller scale. Some steps, how ever, have been taken in England of late years. In 1849 a committee of the House of Commons was appointed, which led to the passing of an act, authorising a local rate for the maintenance of free libraries in corporate towns. That act has been extended in the present session of Par liament, and so far as the Legislature is concerned every populous parish, might now provide itself out of public funds with a free library. But that power is not, in .the present state of opinion among ratepayers, practically available ; • and for many years to come, in small and rural communities at least, the promoters of such designs will have to appeal to voluntary exertions only. Now, what have those exertions done up to the present time? Except as connected with mechanics' institutes, or institutions of a similar kind under different names, there are very few public libraries open to all classes. Of mechanics' insti-' tutes there are in existence been 800 and 900—I say in existence, but the existence of many is little more than nominal. ' Some do their work well and prosper ; some more or less assume a party charac ter, as is always likely to happen where lectures are delivered ; but the majority live from hand to mouth, have no considerable stock of books, nor accumulated capi tal ; are, therefore, obliged to lay themselves out for popu larity, and in so doing, though their existence is on the whole better than nothing, they do not adequately fulfil their functions of public instruction. That is, in few words, the state of adult education in Great Britain. It is not a satisfactory one, and it promises to you, and to all who are minded to help in the work of reforming it, occu pation for some considerable period. That work will not be complete, the educational requirements of the nation will not be fully satisfied, until the literature of our lan guage, the written thoughts and recorded acts of every great man who influences opinion at the present day, shall have been brought within easy access—easy both as regards local proximity and pecuniary cost—of every man and of every woman who can read and write. At this point I may be asked, and it is an inquiry which I do not seek to evade by vague generalities or declamation, " Is there any real nec essity for, any practi ca l ! u tility i n , suc h a n educational provision as you propose, and what are in definite terms the benefits which you expect from it ? 0 ' In' aniweringlhat inquiry I am not going into a general panegyric of educa tion against ignorance; that would be pedantry fit only for a school exercise, and unworthy of a meeting assembled for a practical object. Only this single remark I will make and then pass on. I think we put education on a low and unworthy ground when we treat it, which many do, as a Means of acquiring fortune or advancement in life. We must all feel, if we reflect upon it (I am sure I do) that a man's station in the world, the social position which he occupies, forms a very small part of his real and true existence. Society makes one man a peer, another a trades man,rd a labourer; but God made us allmen .; and mean, or ought to mean, by education, is the de velopmentwhat we ah ti of those common human faculties which we possess, and which , pos s essing them, we are bound to cul tivate in ourselves, and to help others to do the same. So far, I apprehend, we should all agree. The real difficulty which many sensible persons feel, the moat plausible ex ception which is taken to such plans as we are now discus sing, turns, not on a doubt whether mental cultivation is worth having, but on a doubt whether intg of books. canbea Bear ttained m wi a t i n n e ly se or th a in t a l g a rea m t tr d y e i g n r g to ee, by the reading fairly, and to give full weight to any arguments that may be' used in defence of views contrary to my own. That is the real controversy at issue. " How far are books, or the study of books, valuable in forming character?' That they are not indis pensable, we all allow. Great characters have been formed without them. The men who have been greatest in action and thought have trained themselves with little external aid ; and, on the other hand, we know men whose book knowledge has been to them rather a hindrance than 'a help, who seem to have lived upon the thoughts of others until they had become incapable of thinking on their own account. But admitting such exceptions, and allowing also that mere study without action cannot develop a com plete human character, there are circumstances in our na tional life and habits that render literary culture peculiarly valuable to us. There is no fear of pedantry becoming na a u n pa ge d i n p l ead, The whole bunt of our mind» the other way. . There is a love of action, a devotion to busi ness, an impatience of abstract pui suits, a dislike to occu pations which do-not bring some immediate visible return, which is perhaps excessive, and certainly strong enough .to counteract any tendency * towards mere bookishness. ,That we All recognise and feel. But there-is something more. Life, in the present , day, is busier than ever: before.. Take affehissiei through, you fi n d more wor k; l es s leisire. That state of-things is not our fault ; individuals are not to blame for It, law cannot alter it. Custom and competition press IA all on alike. With 'a very few reldeptions we are all absorbed, in our special pursuit. The lawyer who wants to -lead'his circuit, the politician who wants to lead the House of Commons, must be a lawyer or a. politician exclu sively. With the merchant, with the tradesman, with‘the srtizan, it is the same. Most men—at least, most success ful men—live for their work alone, and have few interests or ideas unconnected with it. The result of that state of things is,-to put it in one sentence, that general develop ment is sacrificed- to particular aptitude. The man is -trained—l speak of all classes equally—not to be a com plete man, but to be a tool in the mostperfect state of effi ciencY for the performance of a particular kind of .work. That is in error ; and the best remedy for it—one no doubt imperfect, but still preferable to any other. that We .can find--into counteract this partial and imperfect teaching by a large acquaintance with human lice, and thought in all its varieties—a kind of knowledge which, as regards the mass of men, can be given only through books. There is yet ayther reason why I think book; teaching more vaL Jumble in this country than in any other. We in England are in the habit of boasting of our freedom of speech ; - and 'no doubt, so far as legal -and political restraints are con •cerned, that freedom exists; but any' one who has com pared the social habits of this natirm • with those of any other, I care not in what class, rent have - observed that whether from temperament or mere custom, there is a reserve, a constraint,' a', reluctance,. even among friends, to exchange thoughts freely on ques tions of real and deep intereit, whibh causes us to learn less' from one anothir than we might. ].believe that ideas are less freely circulated by word of mouth in England than in, any other free and equally civilised community. If that be so, the watt or the deficiency , of that teaching (for snob it is) which really thoughtful human speech supplies, furnishez another argument for the diffusion of literature .as that channel through which knowlsdr,n3 - is most practi cally and usefully Accessible. -There is ono single observa tion further which I would make before I leave this part of the subject. The want of educational faoilities for `graivn persons: the popular delusion, for it is one, that odueation ends in boyhood, affects injuriously our system of school-teaching. It leads to one of two results, both bad, and which is worse Ido not pretend to decide. In one case whey thinks, or his parents think for him, that he will have nothing to do with books when he groivs.up, and why should he trouble himself about them now? In that case he learns nothing. Otherwise, and perhaps that is qiiite as common a result, the parent's idea is—"WhatOver instruc tion my son is to get, he must get before he leaves school; therefore he ought now to learn a little of everything." And so, 'without regard to mental or physical. laws, an attempt is made to force nature—to crow.d into half a dozen years what should be the business. of a the child is crammed and stuffed with knowledge— the, man is stared. So far we have regarded o nly the educa tional side of the subject; but it has also. a social aspect. It will not be affirmed that in this country there is any want of liberality or of public spirit. Such would be an unfounded imputation. But it is certain that from :what ever cause, partly from reserved and domestic 'habits— partly from that devotion to business whiCh absorbs most of us, and creates an indifference to other matters—partly also from the great and rapid inorease of population in these islands'within the last half century, so rapid that the Appliances of civilisation have not kept pace with our mate rial development—be the cause what it may, there lia want in England of pursuits and pleasures which are common to all, of institutions open - to all, of places which all may frequent for recreation or amusement. That is aiericius so cial evil. Every park or garden which you throw open, every museum or picture gallery to which you admit . the public, is a clear gain to society, not only in the pleasure which it creates, and the consequent feeling of content' which it causes, but also in the recognition which such an act in volves of a cortunon citizenship, and in the pledge which it seems to givoon the part of the wealthy to the poorer sort, that the wealth which these see.round them is used not selfishly, but that they also share in the conveniences and advantages which it can purchase. And sO;With these libraries. Apart from their educational value—apart from the pleasure which they will confer, they will hold out to every one who, though poor, aspires to rise, and, though untaught, desires( to learn—and there is not in England a village but contains some such—they will hold out, I say, to every such person a practical and conclusive proof that those who have been more fortunate in the accidents of life, and who stand on a higher intellectual level, are nut withheld by selfish indifference, or by a still more un worthy jealousy, from aiding, so far as they can, his ad van6e, and saving him from that most painful of all suffer ings —the sense of 'undeveloped faculties, and the conscious ness of unrecognised talent. I now come to the third and concluding pair - t of this question, and assuming that which you propose is desirable, let me see whether, under all cir cumstances of the case, it appears practically possible, and if so, by what means it should be accomplished. Is it in our power to place virtually within reach of all, rich or poor, within the limits of this town and its immediate neighbour hood, the principal literary resources of their own language? I think it is. But before coming to that conclusiou we must examine fairly to see what obs t acles lie in the way. And when I speak of obstacles believe me that I have no wishtolover look or deny their existence. lam not arguing for a Cause, not contending for victory. Yam trying to consider, and asking you to consider with me, the means which may be actually at hand for the attainment of a practical object. And for that investigation the first requisite is accurately to number and measure the difficulties which We have to face. I class them 'ender three heads. There is, first, the difficulty of obtaining funds with which - to establish the institution proposed. Next, the difficulty of obtaining for it, when established, a sufficient popular support among the class by whom it, is to be used. Thirdly, the difficulty of so selecting the works to be used as to answer the edu cational end in view, yet give just cause of offbnce 'to no one. On the first, question of funds, I shall bc very brief. It is a matter on which you are the best judges, and the decision of which retts:With you. I will only state what, so far as my experience has gone, is the cost of founding a free library, on suoli it scale as to make it worth the pains and labour bestowed on its establishment. When at tempting such an undertaking in a locality which is not populous, it is necessary at once to Ascertain what is the smallest scale and what the minimum amount on which it can be done. Whatever you can add to that is so much clear gain; but that minimum ought, in the first instance, to be ascertained. And the rule which I would lay down is this—that you ought to be able to include'most of the' leading authors who have written on any important sub ject in the English language. No doubt there is great vagueness in these words ; and the number of volumes which you must assume as necessary, and in the inability to obtain which you will not proceed, is arbitrary also. I assume it at 1,500 volumes. Now, when I mention that number, many persons ask—and, indeed, with some minds it is the chief obstacle to works of this -description—" How is it possible, in so narrow a compass, to convey even the most imperfect idea of what the great men of ages have done and written They think that if any attempt is made tnplace literature before the people, it should be on 'a great scale, and that being impossible, that the thing is not worth doing. Now, in that view there , is something exaggerated, if'not actually unsound. The great writers of the world, and the great events of the world, are really very few. We all know that the mass of what is called literature, poured forth by the press, is almost incal culable in •quantity, and that quantity is continually increasing. The British Museum aline •contains half a million ,of books ; the National Libray of Paris 'nearly a million. But when you , come to analyse the matter you will find, that of all that vast mass of books which has been heaped together since the World began, a very small proportion are available for dose purposes with which alone you have to do—purposes of general instrue tion and study. Let us look into this for a moment. There is one large class of works whose interest is merely local ; there is another which relates exclusively to the practice of particular professions. Both-these classes, with a few exceptions, are excluded. Aida, there has at all times heen,and never , snore than no , a mass of writings manufactured for the market—put together to meet some want or fancy of the moment ; hooks which are destined, and which even their writers know to be destined, to a merely ephemeral existence : those you strike out, of course. Lastly, there is yet another clsss, far more numer-' ous than all of these put together, including I suppose one half Of all that has ever been wr itten—l mean books which have been useful, which have done good service in their time, some of which at the moment when they ap peared may even have advanced himan knoWledge, but which being now superseded by more recent ideas, and by a more complete and exact science, have retained no interest or value except to antiquaries. Exclude all these —exclude all that is merely local, merely professional, that is ephemeral and wor thless or antiquated and obso lete, and you will have redu ced the total amount, I do not say 'of literature, but of that literature which lives in and influences men's , Minds at • the present day within a very narrow compass. For :what is it, after all, that you want men to know ? The'annals of the most important nations—the personal records of the most eminent men that have appeared on the earth — the arguments used in those great controver s i e s which have divided human thought in all ages—the elementary principles,- at least, on which scientific and artistic labours are based, and those studies of life and character which poetry and fiction sup ply. I am not speaking at random, but from some former consideration and inquiry into this matter, when I state, that for purposes of general reading, excluding authorship, professional objects, or antiquarian research, - a collection of 5,000 or 6,000 volumes will contain all that is essential. That is here beyond your reach ; but even one-third or one-fourth' part of that is a public benefit not to be de spised. Now, here. I must beg you to pardon a few 'words of rather minute detail, because it is just in minutiae that a plan is apt to 'break down. I have assumed the number of books which you will require at 1,500. Of these you, may reckon the average cast as 4s. per volume, five to the pound, making an expenditure of 3001. 'There will be some slight cost in fitting up a room, and it is well to have in, hand a reserve equal to at least one year's subscrip tion ' • and I would therefore suggest that you should take4ool., or at the very lowest 350/., as the sum which if you fail to obtain — within a definite period (say six' months) it will not be worth while to proceed. If there really is not interest enough felt in the design to provide so small an amount, it is far better to look that state of things in the face, to postpone the undertaking as hopeless ,for the time, and by'so doing to leave the ground clear for those who may be more fortunate hereafter, than to set up a thing which will have been a which n o b o dy will take an a o c f c ' onnt is likely to die out for failure from the first, tfh w ona il ta l be merely a hindrance and an interestw which an to n foi , which o u d p y p w i r t so li nn e d impediment in the way of more successful operations at some future time. However, of that contingency there can be little risk, if a rumour be true which has reached me, that already, with no canvass and but little publicity, the pro moters have secured half the amount required. Next we have to deal with a net less material question—" What de gree of popular support have you a right to expect ?" 'Here, of coarse, I must speak without the confidence of absolute certainty, because (and this it is which gives its chief value to the experiment on which you are engaged)—because in a community wholly or chiefly agricultural the trial has scarcely yet been made. But taking, as b e f ore , an arbitrary 1=9,1 think theiFonio on which you ought to be able to count should n ot be less than one tenth of th e; capi merit you h ave t o s t eer b e t ween two opposite extremes. On the 'o7o 3 V an d, th e su b scr ib e r O ug ht to feel that he itentit re ceiYing a gift, but contributing, in part at least , to Main tal sukeribec l-40 /. I nfixin g a rate of pay tain" the institution by which he benefits;" on the Other hand; wages are low , the laboairieg class, and even many aboye that class, have little to spare, pd your object is, as far as pensible, to ex c l u d e no oneli 'ln towns we have usually fixed the rate at la. quarterly, or 4s. rarly. It is quite a local question, on which I offer no opinion—whether even , lower terms avill:euit you better, or whether under any cir cumstances, and, if so , under , what, admissions should be free ? At . 4s. you will requir e '2OO subscribers'; at 28. 400. The only principle which one can lay down in such a matter is, that the income should cover all current expenses, and that arifar as possible it, should be made up, not by wealthy persons out of charity, but by those who really use the library. A good deal depends on the extent of area which you embrace. - You have not here a concentrated population, and you have within a, moderate distance at least. two towns, St. Alban's and . Hertford, in which I am mistaken if the example which yet; are setting willmot be followed very shortly. You can reckon, therefore, for this particnlar . enterprise only on • seal an. area 'as will contain some 10,000 or 12,000 .persons; that is, from 1.16 th to 1.14 th the 'entire 'population 'of 'the county. Making large allowances for all who will notorcatinothelp -*---for 'those who cannot read, for those who have at home. all the books they require, for those who 'are too buoy or too idle, for those. who are too rich to want a public library or too poot to pay for one, fOr the very young or the very old, it is not unreasonable to assume that lin 50 of the re sident population will even feom the first become sub scribers—that is, something like 200 in the one case, 250 in the other. lam speaking of what you may; expect at; first, before people's minds have become familiarised with what you are doing; later you may count on a large increase, and I am purposely, out of a caution which is perhaps ex treme, adopting a lower estimate than experience else where Would justify. I will not waste time in citing at any length the example of what has been done elsewhere, but just mention the position of three institutions with which I have been myself connected. Two of them were set Up in Lancashire towns, of no large size, containing a population chiefly of artisans and small tradesmen, with but few resident gentry ; in one case party spirit ran high at the time ; in both cases a large proportion of the labouring class were Irish, unable to read or write, and from whom no help could be expected. , We had this further disadvantage, that within a few miles cheap and popular libraries already existed, from which it was possible, though not convenient, for those who wished it to supply themselves. In each instance the size of the undertaking was much the same as it is here ; the rate of subscription fixed was 4s. At the end of 18 months, neither undertakinglias had a longer trial, the results were as fol low :—ln one case, the subscribers were to the population as 1 in 30; in the other, where a larger area was takenin, as 1 in 35. Again, in Lynn, Norfolk; with a population' of 20,000, in the centre of a purely agricultural district,where no attempt of this kind had ever been made before, we have, after 8 months opening, 800 subscribers, or 1 in 25. Now, I think I have allowed enough' for the difference be tween an urban and a rural population in regard to these matters, when I set down as an estimate, a sufficient and satisfactoryestimate, just one-half the -proportion which exists in this last instance, and two-thirds that which•ex .ists in the other two. I have given you the data on which ',rest, and I think they justify me in. affirming, as I do with confidence, that so far as it is possible to predict the future from the past, and so far as you can judge of one part of • the country by that which has taken place in another, you have" in regard of popular support for your undertaking, not a chance only, but what amounts to a certainty of success. One word only as to the third difficulty which I have named—that which relates to the selection of books. You have begun here on the principle, the only one that ever can or will work, of acknowledging no distinction of political party or , religions sect. That is a sound principle, but the application of it is apt to involve a practical in convenience. If you were to declare, by way of guarding against the risk of quarrels, that you would absolutely exclude every work that bears on religion or on the'science of government, you would shut out thereby the most im portant branches 'of human thought, and greatly impair the utility of your work. Nay, even if you lay 'down that rule you cannet'enforce it in spirit, though to the letter you may ; for the recorded annals of every nation—that is, all historical works in existence—are, in fact, illustra tions of political science, and it is from being such that they !derive their sole value. So again with individuals--a man's public life, and still more his religion, are integral parts of himself ; they mould his character and influence his career; and thus into biography, as well as history, the political and roligious element must to a certain extent enter. But you cannot shut out history and biography ; that would be absurd ; and it follows, therefore, that a library meant"to instruct as well as to amuse must contain many works bearing in some degree on those great controverted topics— the relations of the individual to the state as a citizen, and his relations as a man to a Higher Power. The only rule .one can lay down on paper is to have nothing 'to do 'with merely controversial writings on the political or polemical disputes of our .own time, and generally to exclude that which may be expected to give offence to reasonable and moderate persons. But, after all, your only security in this ,matter lies in the good sense of individual managers, and in their sincere wish that the work may succeed. Every man ;who co-operates with others in any department of human lsuiiiness, from the making of a Cabinet downwards, must sacrifice something of his own wishes ; and though in some parte of England institutions such as you propose are nu merous, yet the instances are .most rare, I cannot now re collect one, 'Where an attempt of the kind has failed in con sequence of the inability of 'the managers to agree is to what they should include, or strike out. I think, then, that from the e Once 'obstacles- to which I alluded just now—want of funds, want of popular support, and risk of disrinion—you have no cause to apprehend failure or even delay. No doubt there. are many matters re lating to the working of such institutions—their con rtitution, management," and the mechanism required to parry them out—which' need and will receive careful cen eideeation. But, though not to be overlooked, these topics ire'minute, and it is needless to mention them here: But, r' erhaps, before I sit down I may ask you for a moment to ook beyond the details of this local and comparatively mited enterprise, and to regard it—l cannot help doing so -a s only the first stone of a building destined hereafter to assume much larger proportions—as the experimental trial on a small scale of that which is to be carried out on One more comprehensiie. What is the object for which you are working—for which we .all work, each in our re 4pective localities? Why this—that to every man within this country of England the literature of the nation shall be made accessible, with;the least amount of cost or trouble, at his'own home, That is the. end, you have in view, or Tether that is in all its completeness the machinery by ivhich, yon seek to attain an end more lofty and more re mote. Now, take this county of Hertford. What is there to prevent within a few years from this time such educa tional provision being made for the entire county as you desire and as I describe ? Consider your position. Yon Dave great social and material advantages—a compact area; e population not now scattered, and rapidly increasing ; vicinity to the greatest city of the world • all those means Of easy and rapid communication which we owe to Modern science ; above all, you have a wealthy and iesident gentry, enlightened themselves, and accustomed, to co-operate for objects of social utility. You have seme thing better and worthier still—for of a province, as of an dmpire, the great names are the choicest . possession—a soil illustrated by noble memories and adorned by living genius. A name more illustrious still. I know not where the plea df intellectual progress should arouse readier response or draw forth 'a warmer sympathy than in'that county which was once the abode of Bacon. Education is the social pro blem of our day, and where the wise settlement of a vexed "controversy is.ealled for, I think there are few among Modern public men who will challenge pomparison with lie fame of Burleigh. There is one whom we could have ished to see here to-day ; but though not with us the cause of popular literature has been championed by the lifelong advocacy and the rare eloquence of your own Sir E. Lytton. sTell, to come to details, what is it that you require to _. p ply a complete educational provision for this county ? our population falls short of 170,000 ; and we have seen, by the analogy of what is here proposed, that from 12 to 15 such libraries would leave no district unsupplied. With that number there need be no Hertfordshire man who could not obtain those facilities of reading which at present exist oily in towns. There exists a machinery in Lancashire (I have left the details of its working in the hands of some persons here) by which books are, sent round in boxes from vill4ge to village; and almost from house to house, so that there shall not be even the necessity of walking a few nliles to 'fetch theni.. Some mechanism of that kind is ne cessary, if you are really to circulate literatufe among the pborer class. From 12 to 15 libraries like that which is tol) be set 'up here—their collectivb cost not exceeding 6,oool.—with boxes, circulating in the intermediate ham lets, will furnish all that is required. In the towns you will have theassistance of a rate, which may even now be lelvied, for the purchase and support of free libraries. 'Alt I ani retkonifik Merely' on private voluntary exer t' ns, and I state ray sincere belief that 5,000/. - or 6,0 001 . s c . a d each promoted by those whomt most immediately i i v i e ly ste f d ornii in n s g uc p h ar r o d f ert o a n ki e ngs as scheme the b se— ut n . t h al s l ep n ara ece te s : a d locally concerns—would go further in the stimulus aid encouragement which it would give to education among the people than twice that sum spent on schools aid 'schoolmasters. I have said before, bat once again I repeat it, ,what you want is not so much to supply schools , asi, to create 'a demand for schools • that done, they will supply themselves. I have laid bef ore you a large project —Urge, not so much in the actual amount of expenditure which it involves, as in the labour, the discussion, the op position of various kinds to which its execution must give ie. e. No doubt I shall be. told there are obstacles in the w an Nei' doubt it'is so, and 'itellitlilionld be.' There will b . difficulties vuough, to elisoourege the timid, to disgust the impatient end hasty,,and to give all of you that work to' do—'work for your neighbours, 'work for England, work for the interests. of ,mankied, which is one of the best privileges and highest purposes of all our lives. It is well, I ' sat that Tenth' obstacles 'exist: What is easily done is seldom worth doing"; anti in this matter of educe,- ticin we and tkPt . to - be •partioularly impatient of delay, b4auser in measuring the amount of results which we ex peet we think only of our present activity and forget our past supineness, Recollect how recent the whole move mentis. Recollect - that its origin dates back only some thirty years and that during a part even of that time it met with aeleast as much opposition as support. Look at these things, and pronounce whether it is more reasonable to complain that one generation has not yet succeeded in ; repairing the errors of all its predecessors, or to con gr4tulate ourselves (though more remains to do) that so much' has already been accomplished. We are apt in this matter to be somewhat childish. There are critics of educational operations who complain as un reasonably as some critics of military operations have dote lately. Ignorance—brute, dull, dogged ignorance —has fin immense power of passive resistance. We have neglected it for centuries—we have let it alone—w,e, have allowed it to go on and gain strength, and fortify itself befere,our eyes to ell almost impregiieble power ; and th u o m n, beciuse this Sebastopol, doeo.not surrender at the fir e st re.a ; mobs, or tumble down at the first shot fired, we are seespectfully, is folly. What I would say to you, humbly , 1 t little; work to despair, and cry out that our labours are u I but earnestly, is this—" Do much ;,, Jr e m: result may be with perseverance ; wait in patience. it is probable that nearer or more remote than we tli4 an k n ' ; witnel3ll its it'll P•C• That no eye now opened on the world /6 -a; -TT) rE-71 - 74T:Tri tI eIt,AL-.40,11 [PRICE 4D. STAMPED SD• complishment ; but, as surely as dawn succeeds to dark ness, and day to night, so surely is man entering on a new era, and rising to a higher civilisation than the world has yet witnessed. That is not the-language of exaggeration or of enthusiasm—it is the conclusion at -which the profoundest reasoners, the coldest calculators, have long since arrived. Mark the effect of mechanism in super seding brute labour. In industrial matters the leading feature of the age is the substitution of inanimate for human labour. That is a change of which we have hardly seen the beginning, far less the end; and though its first results may be, and is, to unsettle and to disturb, and for the moment rather to augment than to lessen hu man suffering, yet that first effect can in, its nature only be temporary; the ultimate end must be a degree, not only of comfort, but of leisure to the working man, such as our present social arrangements do not allow, and the want of which is the great bar to diffased intellectual progress. But I am looking toe far into the future ; I return to what is immediately round us, and I say to you all, as I feel it myself, that it is your duty and mine, as , goad citizens, to omit no act, private or public, that may tend, as assuredly this - will; to cement and consolidate the union of classes. It is your duty and mine, as interested in the future fortunes of this great empire, to see that England shall not lack, by any default of ours, the incalculable strength that an educated people confers on a state. It is your duty and mine—as God-fearing men, as lovers of mankind, as having learnt that lesson of universal brother. hood which for 1800 years has been recognised on earth as ,highest truth —to see that as we ourselves value more than property, more than influence or power, more than the opinion of those round us, that intellectual culture and those great ideas which have formed all our habits, and moulded 'our characters to what they are—so that boon, almost the greatest which this world can give, and without .which this world were little worth having, shall be spread abroad as, widely,, and granted as freely, as those other blessings of air and light which are denied to no living creature on this globe. (The noble lord resumed his seat amidst loud and protracted cheering.) The Hon. and Rev. W. TALBOT, rector of Hatfield, then proposed a vote of thanks to Lord Stanley for his able and eloquent discourse. The motion was put and carried by acclamation. Lord STANLBT briefly acknowledged the compliment. , The meeting then separated. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. (From the Times of this day. ) It would be most unfair to deny that it is a great hardship to the House of Lords, and a damage to those national inter ests over which its influence is pre-eminently conservative, that it should be called on to discuss the details of an impor- taut innovation in the last struggling hours of the session. With whom the fault rests it avails not to say, but if the house of Lords, with its accumulated store of legal talent, with ex, ex-ex, and ex-ex-ex Lord Chancellors, perpetual Chief Justices, and other high legal and mercantile authori ties, will not initiate measures of its own, it must be content with the laconic veto to which its powers threaten to decline. When Government is unable to force more than a small frac tion of its well-considered and much-wanted bills through the Commons, it is not the fault of that Government if the Lords have occasionally little more than to say " Yea," or " Nay," to a measure. The only equivalent in these cases is that close attention and that full consideration which every Peer may give, if he pleases, to the reported debates of the Commons. Nevertheless, whatever the cause, whatever the mitigation, the fact is one to be lamented. We would much rather have seen such men as Lord St. Leouards, Lord Camp bell, Lord Redesdale, and Lord Grey bestowing a week on such a measure as the Limited Liability Bill than compelled to have out their say in a night; but there appears to be no help for it, and it is either this or nothing. Our regret is in creased by the justice and truth, or rather the foundation in justice and truth, which we must admit in some of the objec tions to the measure and its details. If there were time for the Lords to take the measure in hand, to turn it over, to see it on all sides, possibly their objections would assume a more practical form, and we might get some good out of them. As it is, some of their lordships appear to have importuned for delay—derisively, with insult and menace, not caring to conceal that, were the bill once in their hands up-stairs, it would never see the light again ; or, at least, only reappear so altered that its parents would be unable to recognise it, and so incapable of doing harm that it would be equally incapable of doing any good. Such a tone may serve to relieve the severity of debate, and to soften the rancour of controversy, but it is not likely to increase the public respect for the Upper House, nor does it give much encouragement to the Lower House to send up its bills in better time. Of course when this was the temper of the Opposition, there was uo alternative but to muster the supporters of Government, and force the bill through the House with the least possible delay. But, having admitted that there was a foundation of jus tice and truth in the objections urged on Thursday night, we must beg to explain that it was so for the best possible reason —viz., that there was hardly an objection which did not equally apply to all forms of conducting mercantile business whatever. The complaint that wherever partnerships en commandite are allowed—that is, everywhere except in this country—there is a peculiar code of laws found necessary to repress the peculiar abuses of the practice, is a matter of course ; for there is no form of mercantile enterprise, from the railway company with its 700 miles of line, its thirty, millions of capital, its thirty thousand shareholders, and its noble chairman, down to the little huckster who opens a corner shop and sells a " dip" at a time till he gets money enough to take out a license for the sale of tobacco or beer, that does not require a whole code to check its inevitable abuses, There does not not exist any way of conducting business, either by one or a myriad, towards which, after all, the creditor has not to use his wits, and not less his moral instincts. Character is the only sound security, and where this is wanting, or rather where there is no satisfactory proof of its existence, every house that you trust with your money, whether one man, or twenty, or ten thousand, or an unknown quantity, is unsafe. It might have been supposed that the noble lords who talked so sagaciously and so ominously of the frauds likely to be perpetrated by partnerships with limited liability, and of the corrective laws that Parliament would in a year or two be called on to supply, had never heard of a railway company declaring 5 or 7 per cent. when it had made no profits at all ;—had never heard of a solemn, old, pious, and respectable bank failing without a moment's warning, and disclosing half a century of fraud— had never heard of the groat attorney of the county, with the estates of ten peers and the savings of 500 small people in his hands, bursting like a bubble and found as empty of cash — had never seen a Gazette or a list of insolvent debtors—had never had a butler or cook, who lent the savings of his life to some well-spoken shopkeeper and never saw a sixpence of his money again —had never heard of a Building Society or a Benefit Club on self-deetruetive principles. Of course, there will be fraud everywhere. Dishonest men, and that still larger and more dangerous class of weak, indolent, and stupid men will always, in one form or another, contract obligations beyond their means, and muddle the accounts they are en trusted with. There always will be men of these classes, so decent, so plausible, and with such an excellent opinion of themselves, and so well able to impress that opinion upon others as to inveigle the unwary into unlimited confidence. With the universality of these evils, showing itself, like at mospheric pressure or the morbid tendencies of the human frame, everywhere, always, and under all circumstances, there really was something ludicrous in these venerable noblemen croaking sinister predictions of failure, abuse, remedial laws, late repentances, and serious additions to the business of the courts. Grant everything, what does it all come to ? Just nailing at all, except a homily on the commercial existence of evil, which we don't want a resurrection of dowager Chan cellors to persuade us of. These high legal authorities appear to have fallen into the very groat fallacy, though a natural one in this case, of view iug the question from the criminal side. Even that side of the question, indeed, has its lesson, as we have just drawn it out,—that, • as there always must be abuse of mer cantile confidence, the certainty of it is no more an argument against one form of commercial enterprise than another. But their lordships appear to have for gotten that, if fraud is be counteracted, that is no rea son why honesty and industry should not be set free, and, if simplicity will always be imposed upon, that is no reason why vigilance should not be left to the use of its own eyes. We have a right, and we conceive it our duty, to start from the case of the honest, the sensible, and the industrious, and to assist them in using their money to the best advan tage. We are told, indeed, that they ought to leave their money in the Savings-banks, or to invest in the Funds, or to buy Railway Shares ; but, with all due respect for the excel lent security offered by the first of these, and the good interest promised by the last, we still incline to the opinion that a commercial business, conducted by persons whom we have reason to trust, is a very legitimate and proper investment for the savings of little people ; while, on the other hand, this form of mercantile combination is likely to open trade, to give fresh opportunities to clever tradesmen and ingenious mechanics, and to explode adulterations and other fraudulent manufactures. As to ,the warning that companies will be formed for the express purpose of imposing upon us all, of receiving stolen goods, or of carrying on some disreputable business under a plausible form, are not these things done already ? Is not every article of food, or medicine, or manu facture, adulterated till it can hardly be got genuine any where ? Are there not conspiracies of all kinds against the health, the property, the morals, and the very lives of the public ? We arc at a loss to see how any trade can be worse conducted than it is very commonly now. Indeed, their Lordships, in their eagerness to make out a case against the bill, fished up objections of the most contrary and self-coun teracting tendency. Ono was, that there was no want of capital now for any profitable trade or any respectable trades man ; another, that the bill would enable the capitalist and the superior tradesman to crush the smaller ones ; ono ob jection was that servants and other people of that class would be fleeced of their money ; another that they would combine to got the custom of their masters ; one that private enter prise would be certain to prevail ; another that it "milli be extinguished. There is some truth in all these objections, but they may happily be set against one another. With regard to the amendments, we must say that it _is . unfair and unwise to proceed so confidently en thersnopriuo. sition that these partnerships will be mismanaged, r o,__ t s of pose more checks than are found desirable in o vi th i e eco. lo sar i"" y to enterprise. Of the amendments rejected it is_ o ,„„ te d. Sup speak, so a word or two on those which were .be c . a u p je a l without posing half a dozen people wish to subscribe on by only one of them, why are they t committing their whole fortunes to a b o us b i:ess Supposing that, owing ostensible scheme of 25 shareholders. More than Y to the beneficial character and c i o m n I cl us as to realise the fears rent su d c ri c y c e s ru s ea o tlo f l ya tl c i m e ane b ilie i e l ldy l , oard of Trade shall be alwa s largely with the private comp n j3 e t te thesepartnerships meobjectors, t so At whose cost is the a new form of private te auditing dealer i s t itheproposeds that a t r r h er what o is really nothing audit to be ? every bank, every a lc audit of e very railway company, every in the assurance cora- Why, too, altheen is there not to be a public that nobody kingdom ? for the unlimited liability of As to the 'clause providing b tordiaril f dishonest dividends, and of the • • the case owinding-up of a partnership i n a certain stage of e • Pecuniary exhaustion, of pany, and every other a c ourse it may be admitted ought to undertake the direction of a business unless he knoutsu and is content to be more than what res p h o e n i s s ib a l b e !_ut whether it will ever be hit under the as t o: though, no doubt, many will -- at which a business shouldetrahetipo be 2 wound ll up, we should doubt any more than it is in existin particular practice. As the measure, however, is a first step, and in g its particular previsions do some degree an experiment, respect, doubtless, the not signify very much ; for in one fears expressed on Thursday evening Till be amply realised , awl not many swim, U one, will ._ pass without the - necessity of some amendment or othtkr ~- the uniform fate, their Lordships will be pleased toremembekt„ - -4 of the best as well as the worst bills that ever passed tlarotth OPtheir house. • - (Front the A I orn,•ny Heriii,l4 of this d,ciy.) is sacrificing about 1,000 lives 4 -Mr. Gladstone is so good .as to remind us that we have got lint it is not. possible to i n o t o o ,o i ao, w o a o l o . l, w p h e i r ch an i n s um co , s a t n iT As—England and France - 1 , 0 „,„_.,the Great Exhibition Per diem ' ; Doubtless these are , tre,vaendons ?acts ; facts cal in which to go enlited `t9 - make every one - itaill Il y vv ear iti s - a . .f s te lei r i* th e e ve.i7 .gran in d cament I' - By' whose fault is it that, i n some two or three ,greatest' wars of-modern times' a war, t"''' , of 1851—England should have plungeLl into one of the o:setnivai,:s6;fllOW e„%pie we i nto this predi. I forward ; is to fcrco back the whole power of 'the Russian ens, pire; while to retreat, is to confess Russia to be Europe's master ?" . Who plunged us into this war ? First of all, Ve must re peat the statement which we have often made, and which I has never been contradieted, that 'the' criminal n'eakness of some of the leading members of Lord Aberdeen's' Govern -1 ment led the late Emperor Nichob.s., teve nne it that; aggres sion which commenced the war. r- 7 ,„, Before he took any step in the : vinatter the Eanperor Nicholas not only conversed himself with the British ambas- Ca laug bin hi et ng of reply, St. . James's,sanounting the sador at his own Court, but he instructed his - l ' epres e i rtative in London to do what was of far more itop or t see; _ ts sout s_ the leading members of the English Government; and when' a ß n a s z e n r ß h i e -u r n e n ce ow ive d d id w s a o s s a ou c t el t e h s e s, to this, " You may deal with Turkey as you like, we s h a ll give you no trouble." Nicholas thus was led into the scrape, and hence his re sentment shown towards the British ambassador at St.. r e _ tersburg. Had the reply of the English Cabinet in 1853 b,t,en. prompt, firm, and decided, Menschikoff would not have boar). sent to Constantinople, and not a Russian soldier would hear* crossed the Prnth. , Such was the first act of folly on the part of Lord Ahier-- deen's Government. The second was a still more fatal - eke. Feeling compelled by the public voice to coins to 'blows with Russia, there were a dozen ways of dealing with that great power, and of a ll the se we manage d t o choose the very worst. We might hare nt once closed up the Black Sea. and. the Baltic, and thus have kept Russia in confinement till she asked for terms of Peace. This woad have coat US ilabolltfive millions per annum, whereas we have already spent fifty mil lions, and - gained:no more than this five millions would. have given Us, - ^ Or we might have landed a French and English farce suffi cient to protect Constantinople, and they we IWO& bays assisted the. Circassiane to weaken the Russian dominiass is that ,quarter. • • Or we might have burnt or taken Odessa and Rerbelt, and thus have starved Sebastopol. Instead of any of these plans, we preferred to set down be • - fore Sebastopol. Let Lord Pal merston's nearest friend in the press, the Morning Post, describe the peculiar absurdities of this step : " It has been well remarked that the' Innumerable sorties of the garrison of Sebastopol are explicable only by the fact that the fortress has remained uninvested from the beginning.. Restricted to no particular amount of reinforcements, unfet tered in drawing them along its line of communications, and. placing them successively upon its ramparts—with a blank cheque-book, in short, upon the whole Scythian race—the town has been as prodigal in the expenditure of blood as in that of ammunition. It was never forced to live upon its own means—never confined to its own resources." Thus, having got into a• quarrel by our own misconduct in not warning Russia distinctly and in time, wo nest chose the worst possible way of carrying on the war—the way in which the enterprise would be most costly and most hazardous. Now, let us ask, who are the men who are most to be blamed for all this ? Lord Palmerston, who has his own share of the guilt to bear, was merely Home Secretary, The foremost men in the matter were= Lord Aberdeen, Lord John Russell, The Duke of Newcastle, Sir James Graham, Mr. Gladstone, Mr. Sidney Herbert. These were the men who first blundered into a quarrel with Russia, and then, having got into such a quarrel, managed so to conduct the war as to make it almost equally difficult to carry it on with honour, or to get out of it without disgrace_ Who does not know that it is a first principle of general ship to take care that you shall be able to effect a good re treat ? Now, England and France have set down 150,000 men before Sebastopol, and where, we beg to ask, is their re treat ? It may be said that retreat is the last thing we are thinking of. Aye, but what if a stay before Sebastopol were impossible ? What if cholera were rife, and one-half of the army were sick ? Would any one tell us what, in such a case,, would become of the whole expedition'? Well, this is the position in which Lord Aberdeen, Lord J. Russell, Mr. Gladstone, and Sir J. Graham have placed us. And what are these " distinguished statesmen" now doing ? One and all, they have run away ! Abscoiding from the Cabinet, on one pretence or another, they now blame us for being at war; and insist upon it that we ought to make peace ! Upon what terms? Why, the two most distinguished men of the whole clique—Lord J. Russell and Mr. Gladstone—tell us that we are dreadfully criminal in not at once grasping at the Austrian proposal, and withdrawing from the war, on condition that Russia will kindly permit us to keep in the Black Sea, of English, French, and Turkish ships, an equal force to the Russian fleet at Sebastopol! Why, what prevents us—what has ever prevented us, from saying to Russia, " We shall keep in the Black Sea, not only an equal fleet to yours, but a superior one. And we will not only do this ; but if you are angry, and choose to quarrel, we will keep every ship you have cooped up in Cronstadt and Sebastopol till you are in a better humour." We can say this to Russia whenever we please. All the world knows that we have this power. If, then, after sitting down before Sebastopol, and remaining there for nearly a year, we withdrew because Russia had consented to allow us to keep six ships in the Black Sea, the whole world would see that all we really wanted was a pretext for decamping from the Crimea ! But what do Lord John Russell and Mr. Gladstone mean us to understand ? Will they put it deliberately on record that they plunged into war with Russia, sent 150,001 men into the Crimea, and spent of English and French money one hundred millions, in order to force Russia to permit us to keep six ships in the Black Sea ? Is this to be part of the English history of the nineteenth century ? If so, assuredly it will be a page which has never had its like before, and which, we trust, will never have its like again ! (From tics Times of this day.) The question of Sabbath observance is one commending it se'f so naturally to a right-thinking people that neither sur prise nor regret ought to be occasioned by the controversies which this subject has provoked. In the case of the Sale of Beer Act the chief point at issue was probably the diminution of intemperance ; but even here a great deal turned inciden tally upon the way in which the Sabbath should be observed. Of course, the strict theory on such a point is that Sunday should be a day of rest to all—that is to say, that the work: of labour should everywhere cease, and that this interval of repose should be devoted to the worship of that Being from whom all blessings proceed. Neither would there be much ground fur not applying this theory to practice under such conditions of daily life as admitted of a sufficient admixture of recreation in relief of toil. In this country, however, and especially in this metropolis, it happens that the seventh dap supplies the only period during the whole week at which a large portion of the working population can obtain that amount of fresh air, change, or relaxation which nature re quires. On this point we quote with great satisfaction the words of Mr. Long, the magistrate of Marylebone, before the Select Committee on the Sale of Beer Act. "An artisan," said he— " Working six days within the confined atmosphere of London is called on as a matter of duty, even throwing out of consideration the pleasure he may derive from it, to sock some relaxation of that kind in the country, and how he can do it better than by walking up to such a. place as Hampstead I do net know. It occurred to me that, no doubt, the Legis lature desire to encourage persons in performing their religi ous duties by attending divine worship. Under the Police Act persons are not allowed to sell liquor before 1 o'clock. That covers the period of morning service ; but then let us look at what is the condition of the religious part of society as to the residue of the day. There are afternoon services, and there are evening services ; but I suppose they do not expect that every man is to go to church three times a day; the very man who seeks for refreshment in the afternoon of the day may have attended service in the morning, and may mean to attend it again in the evening, and may spend the rest of his time in rational recreation, in wandering about and enjoying the beauties of nature • and, if he does that with a grateful f e eli ng t o t h e Author Of Nature, my opinion is that he is spending his Sunday very wisely and very properly." In this view we think there will be many disposed to coin cide, and our readers will recollect, perhaps, a certain inci dent which we mentioned a few days ago. All places of healthful resort are not within walking distance, like Hampstead, but it was found that the Sunday excursionists from London when carried by trains to a particular town, made use of their holy day by going to church there in such numbers that additional sittings were very soon required, and the clergymen actually made application to the railway company for assistance hi providing the extra accommodation which their own excur sion trains rendered necessary. In the evidence, moreover, to which we have made allusion above it is alleged very decidedly that the opportunities of change which railways now afford at a cost placingllthem and within the reach of the many have proved ere di rectly instrumental in raising the charactegrcoeftheY working classes, and in promoting, upon the whole, a far better ob servance of the Sabbath than prevailed i n times when no such means of locomotion ex isted. rd WM e _ayne to t have alreadyie quoted the testimony of Sir Rich effect, and we now add that of the Honourable Mr. Norton. "From your observation," he was asked, "of tho working classes, do you suppose th a t those men who t a k e their wives and children forth on the Sabbath, when they can afford such an excursion, aro th e c st r a rs ti t d p l ar h t el o d f theh commu nity?"t at their so AIISIVer --4 The very host' b es t . means of making them so." Again he view the . facilities . of locomotion which w go a i s n a g s f k o ed rtl , i — is,,thyeeu given to the people in a very favourable point of was the reply," and I think we ought to have been gi view 1" " do, f them we can." ma k e every use ) to the conclusion, not only that We ar e fed, therefore, a a mount of open•air recreation, or ch ange of scene, is c ertain duo to the req uirements of th e working classes on Sunday,, but that the enjoyment of these very p r i v il eges does actually operate in securing a substantially bettor observance of the S un day itself. Yet it is plain that Sunday cannot be made a d t ay of partial relaxation if it is to be made a day of universal rest ; for relaxatioinme pints su hese h nse attached to the word by an overworked man, lie an amount of active enjoyment as presumes th e work of other e men in ministering to it. If our artisans, fo r • instance are to breathe the fresh air of the country or th e suburbs, they must be p r ovided, when the scene of res or t i s beyome mere walking distance, with means of conveyance, and that a cert.am conveyances plying on a Sunday assume number of men must be kept at work on a Sun day. To take a more special example—if a museum or other place of innocent recreation is opened on a Sunday for the admission of the public, it is clear that the attendants of the establishment would be kept at work ; and yet such a thing Would, in the opinion of many enlightened and philanthropic men, be eminently beneficial to the community. It is at this stage of the controversy that Dr. Cumming and his friends step in, and argue with considerable force that the real fault of our system lies not so much in a too rigorous observance of the Sabbath as in a too rigorous employment of the other days in the week. They say that if legislation is required it is rather for week days than Sundays, for that if six days out of the seven aro so utterly absorbed in the service of Mammon it becomes almost impracticable to secure the se venth for the service of God. Life cannot be wholly divided between labour and prayer. Some portion, at any rate, is required for rest, for recreation, and for the use of those en joyments which Providence has placed within reach. Let these conditions be attended to in the distribution of the six days, and wo may then insist with greater reason on the duo appropriation of the seventh. No one would deny the force of this argument, hich is supported by the remarks of *rr n!__. Wakley before the committee, when he was asked wemot excursion trains did not, in his opinion, tend to both_ r . a , and pbytical improvement. " I hay* no doubt f t It _ wag! Cid ," e 0,0, te oft a 1 •~ cP i cti l ot' 1 I I !;, of