The Sun. — London, England, 1842-09-08 00:00:00

0 added. 2 1 1 1 2 2 3 sir heats by ? now) 1 and .5 ft e second 124 subs; 3) 0 1 lb 0 2 d :—Mr. ,hmond's I•iever', 6 Duke of ain Har ter's The 1. length. h, 10 ft, e. pple) 1 ~) 1 1 .. 2 3 's Sno - kinson's , 11 to 1 to 1 agst 0 1 agst ), 25 to 1 )eople at the six have ap- dded, for .pple) 1 Gib_ 3 st 61b 4 , by two ;e rou: d lieu) 1 Tur miie9► ring) 1 81b... 2 ;lb 3 with 50 ... 3 1 1 ~. 2 dr : filly. to 2 laid o 1 ag3t gat Fir e to 1 a bt to 1 agst )AT. o 1 agst ireaway, able colt, dodger (t 3eahorse, it Harry. ) ; 5 to 4 ?r (t). Al, fresh .—Arrd. d. Helon, Batavia. i 3chryder, for St. Tamaica ; tiguti . Sid. Ida Jamaica. derate.--- 3ombay ; Lima. ntign¢. 4. Arra. rk. -Ski. lA' n, Drew, ss Ade- List ; AP 1 Glen' -; INII St• aped tilt - 4 . h at the rum , P ot — will con- !sterdep birds are • ;icipated. the so wild they can work Or vertiser material ns of the ry about vn both I prices cially at port--a ll ♦without✓ n of QW m nearly ally idle tnding is Tdialr. env days , r of this. with the ig mail ; time on ster and perform Tto been ordinary .hick the revented ?nt hay(' g to the Pierre ons, a nd ortunate ► beings . Nhen he is advice ted With ions SUMS Of lity. He and fol ish and 'elnUe in tat have toy and be con' ;Tralee) Astowel , district• .ds Mr. :atbews, custora France , variablf 1 sale or of see 2onfided [lig it to vcr the' ,re ex le cols' e . si • V Light to oration, y en joy indeed ;ra.nsac re they r alike •hen he hands , and re he sale , farther honesty that ten unusuai. 1-..artresr rei.dY SCOT 1, A.N D'S GR..EE I G (IN THE MANNER. OF COWLEY.) Scotia ad Angliam, suam sororem. Down from its glittering nail QUeen and bright sister, I my harp have taken, And all its golden , chordedistrings - awaken, To hail thy coming, and thy passage through Our land of lochs and mountains hid in blue— Homes of thy warrior -clansmen, brave and true. yet neither chaunt nor song, I know, Amply grand or fully sweet, Thy serene approach to greet, Or rich embroidered verse to fitly throw, As carpet for thy feet. Nevertheles3 the song, Shall, opening, pour along, And tell thy graces, which, if fit extolled, 'Mid the rich music -stream, Would shine about and beam Like gold and rubies in a river rolled. Soon as the Hesper star, Leapt to his matin car, And with his diamond-glancing eyes Lightened up the Eastern skies, Then silken winds and every tuneful gale, Swelled the full snow-white sail; While Neptune's golden horses drew Her bounding vessel thro' the blue ; Till pressed her queenly foot the strand, Of Scotland's rock-enthroned land. Lovely the white young Moons, On high Ben Lomond's summits shine, When the transparent clouds With gold and interlucent gems, Weave glistening bands and diadems Round their sweet brows divine ; But to her people's eyes, No moon was ever seen, On the high hills or in the skies, Or at its full, or at its rise, So fair as their own Queen. Fair as our light-crowned fountains, Our purple-shaded lakes, and spiry mountains : Bright as a thousand other things— As jaspers of our silver Lowland springs— Or morning exhalations, seen jln splendid dimness veiling every scene ! Beauteous thy blue uprising, morn in heaven, With sunbeams wreathed around thy hair serene, But lovelier never dawned upon Lochleven, Than dawns our Queen. Brief was the song of homage sang, But loud and loyally it rang, From cotter-huts, and mines, and looms, • From golden-ceiling'd halls and rooms, • Throughout the Scottish land : While lordly revel held the night, And street and city swelled with light ; And thousands clad in tartan pride Roll'd their full joy on every side ; Amid the pomp and bonfire's blaze, All Scotland poured abroad to gaze : The Eagles heard them in their nest— Then spread their plumes, and fired their crest And screamed in anthem grand ; While as the people's mighty shout, Prom tower, and town, and wall rang out, The hills and caverns sounded back A glorious-echoing coronach. Alone to grace the festal time One voice was needed—one sublime ! Of him who ne'er may be forgot— Deep -reverenced bard—immortal Scott! Dead King of Melody—though long Thy harp bath hushed, and flown thy song— Tho' long thy shade from earth bath faded— Long the damp yew thy grave-house shaded— Yet daily glorious —more intense— Thy memory kindles to the sense, And gains a new omnipotence ! Ah ! only Scotland well can guess What verse of lofty gloriousness Had strung thy harp, and nerv'd thy hand, To hail thy Queen to Scottish land. TRIAL of the CLIFTON RIOTERS. SALFORD SESSIONS-MONDAY. This morning the Chairman (Mr. Foster) took his seat at nine o'clock for the purpose of trying the above-named case. He was supported on his right and left by several county Magistrates, amongst whom were Mr. G. W. Wood, M.P., Mr. W. F. Halton, and the Rev. Mr. Mills, of Oldham. Several of the prisoners were out on bail. Those in the gaol were placed at the bar, and the rest answered to their names as follows :—George Bes *wick, John Bramall, John Holland, William Wil son, Hugh Farren, William Roberts, Thomas Chad derton, Thomas Newton, John Lane, William Town send, Joseph Brierley, Thomas Edge, James Taylor, S. Stores, James Entwistle, Thomas Chadwick, John Lightbourne, Benjamin Hawksworth, John Stafford, Richard Rogers, Joseph Dunkerley, David Nightin gale, John Cooper, Thomas Orme, John Tipton, Joseph Salmon, John Simpson, Thomas Hanley, John Jenks, George Hankers, John Fielding, Peter Singleton, John Wood, Thomas Sut cliffe, Thomas Charleston, William Hoffton, George Hay, Ralph Taylor, John Hargreaves, John Marsh a ll, Th o mas Wood, J ose ph B owr i ng, 4 . Holt, Joseph Taylor, John Wolfenden, Samuel Scholefield, William Burgess, George Rose, John Hanley, T. Evans, and William Brooks. The indict ment charged them with a riot at Clifton, in the with having of Eccles, on Saturday, the 20th of August, riotously and tumultuously assembled together to the number of 300 and upwards, and that whilst so assembled they turned out the colliers at Mr. Knowles's, and at other coal-pits. They were also charged in another count, simply with a riot. All the prisoners pleaded not guilty, and did not avail themselves of their right to traverse. Mr. Brandt and Mr. Hulton appeared for the pro steution. Eleven of the prisoners were defended by Xi% Green, twelve of them by Mr. Whigham, and the rest were undefended. Mr. Brandt having stated the case for the prosecu tion, n,called a great number of witnesses, b u t w ith exception of the first three or four, their evidence 'as merely to the effect of identifying the parties who were present at the riot. It appeared that on the morning mentioned a large meeting, composed chiefly of colliers, many of them from a distance, was held on Kersall Moor, about three miles from ' Manchester. From this meeting the parties went in a body to several of the collieries near the road leading from Manchester to Bolton, where they turned out the hands. The plan of operation was this :—When at 4 short distance from the works the general body halted, and six or seven went to the place and en tered int o conversa ti on w ith th ose w h o h appened to on the s p o t. Th e y th en d eman d e d i n a menac i ng °ll a why th e y were at work, and i mme di a t e l y th e Whole mob made its appearance in such f o rmid a bl e d l nnbers as to cause considerable alarm, and imme iately the hands left work. Intimation of their pro ceedings having been given to the authorities, a large body of county police in several omnibuses followed th em , as did a l so a t roo p o f th e I s t R o y a l d ragoons, several Magistrates, and General Warre With his staff. The military and police came up with the mob when the were leaving the colliery °f Mr. Knowles, at Clifton Moss where they had i turned out all the hands, pulled out the plug of the engine boiler and cut down the banks of • the reservoir, which would have the effect of ; Sto pping the works effectually f or some ti me . No !•3ooner did they perceive the advanced guard of the It Vals, which consisted of about half a dozen of the ‘`'° lll Pany, than the mob, which then were about 300 In number, and armed with sticks and bludgeons, scampered off in all directions. They were pursued 'by the police and dragoons, and nearly sixty of them captured, about half a dozen of whom were taken out of a tunnel not more than a yard in diameter, where t hey had concealed themselves. Most of them it turned out were en ti re s t rangers to that neighbour hood, being residents of Oldham or its immediate N. ' e inity, a distance of at least twelve miles from the 110 f. The bludgeons taken from several of the pri soners were prod uce d i n C our t , an d were o f a very f ormidable_ d escr ipti on , an d a cane was foun d upon ohn Bramall with a large round iron head to it. Many of the defendants were apprehended in the im mediate neighbourhood of the place were the mob first dispersed on seeing the military ; others were ursued across the fields, and taken eithor by the mi itary or police, and several were apprehended about an hour and a-half, or two hours, after the riot. The case for the prosecution having closed. Mr. Green proceeded to address the jury for the defence. Mr. Whigham also addressed the jury on behalf of ills clients at considerable length. The Learned CHAIRMAN summed up the case with great minuteness. The jury retired, and were out of Court half an flour, when they returned, and pronounced a verdict of Guilty 'against John Braman, John Fielding, John Holland, John Lane, Thomas Orme, and Ralph Tt tylor, and acquitted all the rest. Mr. Hulton said, before the Chairman passed gths. ash. sentenoe, he to observe, that - there were other cases to he triA of a similar nature to that. The CHAIRMAN 11:ding consulted with his brother Magistrates, said they would not sentence those con victed then, but they would consider what punish ment to inflict. The Jury had made a distinction between some of the cases. Undoubtedly there were a few against whom the evidence was slight, but in other cases he did not see the distinction the Jury had made. However, he did not find fault with the deci sion of the Jury; but it was necessary to inform those who were acquitted, lest they should leave the Court with a wrong impression, that parties who were present at any assembly collected for an un lawful purpose (and they could not be so ignorant as not to know that the turning out hands from their work was illegal) were liable to be punished for breaking the law. The case then terminated, at eight o'clock. SADLER'S WELLS THEATRE. This theatre is now under the management of Mr. Greenwood, who has added to the strength of the pre viously very efficient company, by the engagement of Mr. Lyon, Mr. Henry Marston, and Miss Caroline Rankley. Miss Rankley is a young lady of great talent, who, having had considerable provincial prac tice, has now for the first time made her appearance before a London audience. Her personal attractions are by no means inconsiderable, besides which she is an excellent actress, and bids fair to take a high rank as the heroine of domestic dramas. The manage ment of the stage is committed to the super ' intendence of Mr. Henry Marston, and as might have been expected from the refined taste of that gentleman, the entertainments are of a higher order than those to which a Sadler's Wells audience have in general been accustomed. A new drama, from the pen of the author of The Minerali, entitled Faust, was produced on Tuesday with the most unequivocal success. The author, in treating the legend of Faust, has taken Kit Marlowe for his model rather than Goethe, and in so doing he has exercised a sound judgment, for a more undramatic piece than Goethe's Faust can scarcely be conceived; while in the Faustus of Marlowe every situation is a telling one, and every incident is dramatic. Taking the old legend as the ground work of his plot, our author of last night has given us one of the most ingeniously constructed tales of diablerie ever represented on the stage. This ingeniously con structed plot is admirably developed, and the play itself is exceedingly well written, the language is always well chosen and appropriate, and we meet not unfrequently with occasional bursts of really fine poetry. It is evident that the author has been no careless student of our earlier dramatists, and his oroduction has a smack of the genuine flavour about it. Lyon as Faust, and H. Marston as Mephisto pheles, were every thing the author could wish ; the sepulchre; tones of Marston told admirably in the cha racter of the fiend. Miss C. Rankley, as Marguerite, made the moot of a secondary character ; she had little to do, but in doing that little she exhibited great taste and judgment. The piece has been got up with great care, and the scenery—for which this theatre has always been fained—was magnificent. Lyon and Marston were both called for at the conclusion of the piece, which was announced for repetition every evening, amidst the loudest applause. The drama of the Dumb Savoyard and his Monkey followed, in which the performance of Wieland (who is starring it here for a week) as the Monkey, drew down roars , of laughter from all parts of the house, which was I Crowded in every part. MERCHANT GUILD OT PRESTON. FRESTON, MONDAY EVENING.—The festivities of " the wind" have commenced this day under cir cumstances as auspicious as those of any previous occasion. By general consent all business appeared to be susgonciecf, except so far as this was connected with the testivities of the week. The Royal stand ard was hoistei at the top of the principal parish church, and banners and flags floated in all directions. Thousands of persons wended their way in all direc tions, and several of the lines of railroad connected with the town put on extra trains, and will continue 30 during the week. At previous guilds the occasion has always been of much municipal interest, but the passing of the Municipal Reform Bill, depriving the corpoi-ation of many of its old customs and rights, re organis 9d the body. The burgessess now living have their former privileges continued and confirmed, on being regularly renewed in the guild books, but no new freeman can now be created or admitted, so that in the course of a few years, when the present body is removed by death, the legal necessity for celebrat ing this jubilee will no longer exist. These circum stances have all co.itributed to render the present meeting one of considerable interest, and during the week the town will be crowded with the elite of the surrounding counties. Although the Premier, who is one of the patrons, will not honour the town on this occasion, his eldest son, Mr. Robert Peel, will be pre sent, having already ordered a dress for the fancy ball, at w;iich, as well as the other entertainments of the week, viost of the other noble patrons will attend. The form al opening of " the guild" took place at two o'clock at the Town-hall. From thence the pro cession, preceded by the band of the 60th Rifles from Manchester, foll owed by halberdiers, the Mayor, Re corder, and Vicar, and about 200 gentlemen, proceeded to the Corn Exchange, Lane-street, which had been elegantly fitted up .for the entertainments of the week. The area of this latter place has been covered over, the fittings-up and decorations being in the Tudor style of arcliitecture, above which are an elegant suite of rooms for the purpose of refreshment, connected with which is ,the guild fancy fair." The effect of the meeting in this room was very imposing. The band of the 60th Rifles, who were stationed in a tem porary orchestra, having performed the national an them, and the char having been taken by the Mayor, the Recorder addressed the meeting, which consisted of nearly a thousand persons. He said that within almost a few years the town of Preston had arisen from a comparatively small village to distinction as an im portant town, and that chiefly through the talents and energy of aat family of which the Mayor was a re presentative. Not only had it so been indebted to his family, but he had recently by his courage and per severance pri served the peace and safety of the town under the most distressing circumstances. The pre sence of such an individual presiding at the guild he considered most auspicious. The Town-clerk, who on this occas ion officiated for the third time, next read the variou3 charters relating to the corporation,. after which the Mayor, Recorder, and the several Al dermen who wet ' present, gave him the customary fee of ls. each. A atilt oration suitable for the occasion was delivered in a very effective manner by Master T. Humber, a pupil' of the Preston Grammar School, who was presented b y the Mayor with a silver medal. The whole of the pup . .ls of the 'Grammar School after wards promenaded the :room, and were regaled with a sumptuous entertainmet, , t in the hall. The procession afterwards returned in a ,similar manner to the Town Hall. The town has been al )unda.ntly supplied with means of recreation for the poorer Chadwick's Or chard, the chief arena of the late distressing circum stances in which the town has been placed, is crowded with exhibitions, many of which are of a higher order of intellectuality than on similar occasions in Lon don or its vicinity. Dfring the tuorning there were several amusements in v: trious parts of the town, con sisting of cricket-matt hes, wrestling, and a boat match. There is, unfo. rtunately, a large influx of swell-mob men in the t awn, but their efforts will be neutralised by the efforts of the county and metropo litan police, who are in sufficient numbers to detect offence or prevent outrage •. THE CLUBS .—The e Queen and Court being absent, Pall-mall and St. James's-t trees, are utterly deserted, and most of - the Club-houses redolent of the paint and scrubbing-bru sh. The Senior United Service Club has undergone a c omplete purl fication, both in the interior and exterior; and the few inembers whom business re quires to be ix: the metropolis are located at the club house at the corner of Bennet-street (late Bond's). The Travellers' Club-house is undergoing a complete repair, and it will he some time ere their members congregate at the accvistomed spot. The salon of the Oxford and s t h p l e e a m d er d b t a n; d a i u r e g a . c c T o m h e m o e d a a r t e p Cambridge. Club is under the hands of the decorator, but carpets d are e e o u t p he a r t N t ir h ill e g ß o e f f t o h r a m t Club, and the workmen are giving the finishing touches to that beairiful specimen of the architectural taste of Barry. This Carlton Club is having its annual purifi cation; and the Junior Conservative Club have removed to 59, Pall-; mall, while the temporary repairs of their house are mt tde; it is not expected that the Club will be able for some s time to get possession of the Old Thatched House and t urrounding premises for their new club. The Colonic I Club Lave ;removed to the house recently occupied by the Parthet on Club, who have migrated to larger at id more conveni eat premises in Regent-street. On Tue sday evening, an English lady walking on the jetty u afortunately fell over into the harbour, where, had it mit been for a boat that was passing at the moment sh e would have been certainly drowned, there having been tt least eight feet water in the spot where she fell. On che boat arriving. it being then dark, a man seized her bonnet which was floating on the water, she herself havi ug suak ; he, however, by exertion, was fortunate enough to , seize her by the hair of the head, when he brought ht 'r to the surface and landed her in safety at the steps i leer the mannon, close to which she had fallen. On being taken home it was found the right leg was broken in two ptaces below the knee, and the left wrist severely • sprainett. We are happy to say she is now doing well, How the . accident happened she can give no idea. 3he was turn i ng round at the moment ; whether she trod, upon any thing slippery, or became suddenly giddy, :she has ,no remembrance. — Boulogne Gazette. THE G REEN PARS.--J 7he improvements on the site of the late Ra.ngees Lodge arc i n a state of great for wardness, and in a few weel cs the ground will be thrown open to the public. The workmen are now eployed in forming a new walk lea ding from the g Hamiltonate ompposite Lodge to the E ar l of ec ts ientry's garden, where it place, through the giounds o f the late Range r's branches off to the old road.. THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY IVIOItNING, SEPTEMBER s, 1842. QUEEN'S Vl°qT TO scoTLANn. EDINBURGH, MONDAY. The Provost and Magistrates of Leith having, learned on Friday night that it was her Majesty's in tention to pass through their town on the following day on her return to Dalkeith, from Dalmeny Park, lost not a moment in snaking such arrangements .as the shortness of the time would admit of for receiving the Queen and her Royal Consort in a manner worthy of the high and happy occasion. A meeting: of the heads of the different public bodies was ac cordingly held on Friday night, for the purpose of fixing on the proper place for receiving her Majesty, and determining as to the other necessary arrange ments, when it was resolved that a triumphal arch should he erected in Great Junction-street, in front of Bell's-school, for the reception of her Majesty by the authorities. _ At one o'clock on Saturday the various public bodies, agreeably to previous arrangement, assembled on the Links, opposite the High-school, and pro ceeded thence to Great Junction-street (the carters on horseback leading the way) where they severally took up the positions assigned to them. The ground was kept by the high constables, assisted by a body of special constables, who had been sworn in for the occasion, the Leith police, and a strong body of police from Edinburgh, under the command of Captain Stuart. About three o'clock the 53d Regiment, under the command of Major Hill, accompanied by Lord Robert Tier, Adjutant-General of the Forces, came upon the ground and lined the road from the bridge at Leith-mills to the foot of Leith-walk. About half-past three her Majesty's body guard of Royal Archers, under the command of Lord Elcho and the Earl Dalhousie, preceded by their band, marched down from Edinburgh, and took up their position at the bridge at the northern extremity of Junction-street, to await her Majesty's arrival. The scene was now very animating, the whole line of the road as far as the eye could reach, from the foot of Leith-walk to the Queensferry-road, being one dense crowd. The triumphal arch, reaching the whole way across the fine approach to the foot of Leith- walk, was gaily bedecked with evergreens and flowers of various hues. Over the centre archway was placed a handsomely formed crown begilt with gold. Immediately beneath, and somewhat apart from each other, were the letters " V." and "A. composed of dahlias and French and American marygolds. Underneath this again was painted, on a white ground, in conspicuous charac ters, the words—" Welcome our beloved Queen," with festoons of evergreens below; and from the centre of the archway was, suspended a very pretty crown, made up of dahlias and evergreens. The tout en semble was at once grand and picturesque. A man had been placed on the spire of North Leith Church, with instructions to cause the bells to he rung as soon as the Royal cortege appeared in sight. At 20 minutes from five o'clock the first joyful peal was heard, and every head was now turned to the direc tion from which her Majesty was approaching, and in a few minutes afterwards the first gun of the Royal salute from Leith Fort, which it was previously ar • ranged should be fired on her Majesty's reaching the toll-bar on the Queensferry - -road near the Fort, announced that the Queen was now entering the burgh of the ancient port of Leith, which had not un frequently before been honoured by the presence of its Sovereigns. The procession advanced at a slow pace, amid the most deafening cheers, headed by a party of the Enniskillen Dragoons, and the Royal carriage guarded by a party of the Archers. As the Royal carriage approached the triumphal arch, the hands struck up the Royal anthem, and when they reached that point the Provost and Magistrates (who were attired in full Court costume and their robes of office) descended from the platform which had been erected for their accommodation and that of the mem bers of the Council, and Provost Reoch, approaching . the Royal carriage, which immediately drew up, ad dressed her Majesty as follows : " Most Gracious Sovereign,—Permit me, as the Chief Magistrate of this, your ancient port of Leith, to express the joy and heartfelt pleasure which per vade all classes of your Majesty's subjects in this town, on this your Majesty's first visit to your ancient kingdom of Scotland. Accept of our thanks for your Majesty's condescension in honouring our town with your presence, and recqive our most sincere assurance of continued loyalty and devoted attachment." Her Majesty received the Provost's address in the most courteou§ and condescending manner, and after a few words of congratulation by the Provost to Prince Albert on his welcome visit to this our native land, the Royal cortege proceeded onwards to Dal keith Palace, the Provost and Magistrates getting into an open carriage, which took up a position in the Royal cavalcade immediately behind her Majesty's g h s that ethe theeraina e a continued p t t o t h fall a p r r r a t g ty e i carriage, accompanied by the High C ons t a bl es . Not ill s tt a h r s t t l a y n a d t i n t open, and looked, if possible, even more gay and de lighted than in the early part of the day. The Royal party and their attendants passed the foot of Leith walk at ten minutes before five, amidst the • oyous shouts of the immense crowd congregated there to get a sight of their Queen. At this time his Grace the Duke of Buccleuch was observed riding alongside of the carriage of Provost Reoch, in friendly conversa tion with him. The Provost and Magistrates con tinued to follow in their carriage along the route to the limits of their jurisdiction, a little beyond which the Royal carriage was closed in consequence of a heavy fall of rain, and the cortege then set off at a smart pace for the Ducal Palace of Dalkeith. The whole scene closed to the high gratification of the vast assemblage of her subjects, and we trust not without some feeling of satisfaction to her Majesty, whose condescension was not more remarkable in any part of the day's proceedings than in her keeping the Royal carriage open during the whole line of the pro cession, from the Queensferry-road to Seafield toll bar, purely to gratify her subjects, although the rain fell pretty smartly during the whole time. ilr6f‘ped t)LordWilloug' ,v's seNt.Drummond Castle., whece it is expected she tit remain until the follow- : ing Tuesday. Ithmediately on' her arrival the guns from the fort opposite . the Castle will fire a Royal salute. During the Royal visit, a series of the most magnificent fetes will take place. Upon her Majesty quitting Drummond Castle, she will proceed to Stirling; but it is not known whether the Royal party will inspect the. Castle : if not, they will pass directly - to Edinburgh. The departure of her Majesty f r om Edinburgh is positively fixed to take place on Thursday, the 16th inst. The Royal George yacht, and the rest of the Royal squadron, are ordered to be in readiness on that day. . THE DRAWING-ROOM AT DALKEITH PALACE ON MONDAY. (From the Edinburgh. Advertiser.) From an early hour in the forenoon, the road to Dalkeith, leading to the Sheriff-hall entrance to the . domain of his Grace the D u k e o f Buccleuch, was crowded with carriages. Before twelve o'clock, up wards of a hundred had taken their stations in the avenue. It was calculated that 380 carriages stopped at the principal entrance; and the whole number that passed ailkeith Palace may be fairly stated at 400, and they extended fully to the length of three miles. The morning portended rain ; and about eleven o'clock a heavy Scotch mist descended; but it was fortunately of short duration. As the hour fixed for the' commencement of the Reception approached, the bustle on the road increased ; but we are happy to state that, so far as we have heard, no accident was occasioned by the impatience which was felt to obtain an early place in the train. No confusion whatever occurred at the entrance or elsewhere. The avenue was kept by a party of the Enniskillen Dragoons ; and on the lawn before the Palace, where several tents had been erected, a guard of honour was stationed, and also the band of the 53d Regiment, which from time to time continued to play a variety of lively and popular tunes. Among the earliest arrivals were those of the deputati on f rom the Comm i ss i on o f the last General Assembly, an d f rom t h e U n i vers iti es . The Magistrates of Aberdeen arrived at an early heur in two carriages, each drawn by four greys, with scarlet liveries, halberds, and s t reamers. The Reception was held in th e great ga ll er y o f th e Palace, which had been handso me l y fitted up. In the course of the morning, awnings were erected before the principal entrance to the Palace; and altogether the preparations appeared to he of the best description. The various deputations were first admitted to the Royal presence. The Magistrates of Edinburgh having been introduced, met with a most gracious reception. The deputation representing the Church, con sisted of more than thirty members of the late Gene ral Assembly. The deputations from the Universities of Edin burgh, Glasgow,' St. Andrew's, and Aberdeen, were next introduced. The Reception was attended by--. DUCHESS of Roxburghe. MARCHIONESS of Abercorn. COUNTESSES—Rosebery, Haddington, Morton, Dal housie, Eglinton, Cawdor, and Hopet oun . LADIES—John Scott, Frederick Fitzelarence, Blan tyre, Belhaven, Janet B uchanan, Charlotte Murray Macgregor, Alicia Erskine, Jane Charteris, Ellen Douglas, Louisa Primrose, Anne Primrose, Louisa Forbes, Napier, Ruthven, Henderson, Durham, Charlotte Fletcher, Anne Mackenzie, Buchan Hep burn, Hall, Catherine Douglas, Clerk, Georgina Bal four, and Mary Dundas, Caroline Charteris, by the Duchess of Buccleuch, Harriet Suttie, by the Duchess of Buccleuch; Caroline Burgess, by the Duchess of Buccleuch. HoNoußAnLEs—Anne Pandas, Jane Dundas, Mrs. Callendar of Craig-forth, George Hope, Mrs. Prim rose, Catherine Stuart, and Georgina Stuart, Mrs. Adolphus Cathcart, by the Duchess of Buccleuch. MISTRESSES.—CampbeII of Islay, Alison (Possi for A d fi T ss i E le: . i l House,) Murray of Crlngletie, Richard Fox, Kincaid Hope Johnstone, Camp- Lennox, Alex. Wedderburn, William Law, Ruther- E m ma Law, Charlotte Law, Denniston, and E. Dennis t s o hna, The i hurray, a followin g e F e r Macgregor, oi l , bell, Isabella Clerk, Watson of Saughton, Murray, Cunningham iz c c l r a a r i e z n e e n e d „ a nd Miss Clerk. (Here follow three columns of names which our readers will thank us for omitting.—En. Sun.) Thesiger, are the Addresses of the Church of Scotland presented at the Reception to the Queen and Prince Albert, with the answ ers : TO THE QUEEN'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY. phiceradci c a e l s sion of the Church of the General As sembly,f May it please your Afa. E e i s ci t e c' s We, the Ministers and Scotland, met in the Commission ofo o f cre t n h i e tors held the privilege congratula tions o approaching the Throne with of the eagerly avail ourselves our of a visit o on the highly interesting Occasion. kingdom, ent over our august Sovereign to the ancient . to the owerof which a long line of her Royal t a dvanced in hsceptre, of and Brunswick,‘Nilich, ha ever s since rapidly h e peaceful arts of civilisa tion, in commercial enterprise, in t . , . independent, and orderly ind patriotic people industry, and in the loyal, :-- effects which we attribute primarily character of an intelligent and by P Divine truth, impressed on the heart the faithful preaching of the Word, accompanied bythe . education, inesti mable advantage of a sound and practical based on the Holy Scriptures. It has been hitherto, and we trust will ever be, the aim of those who have the spiritual o versi g ht of the people of this land t o inculcate, along with the para mount obligations, privilecr es , and hopes o f the Gospel, the indisensable duty of aflegiance t° the sovereign power of the State, and cheerful s ' abjection to the othor authorities. ordained of God for the punishment of evil doers, and the praise of them that do well ; and, fortified by the experience of former times, our firm conviction is, that there can be no adequate security for the stability of the throne, the permanent tranquillity of the empire and the perp etuit y of t he best national institutions, except that which is derived from the purifying influence of our most holy faith, extended to all the pursuits of human life, so as to cherish the practice of that righteousness which ex alteth a nation. It has been highly satisfactory to successive Gene neral Assemblies, to receive annually, from the repre sentatives of every Sovereign since this Church was finally established by law, the strongest assurances that it will be secured in the possession of all its rights and privileges ; and we entertain the earnest hope that your Majesty will ever extend your Royal protection to an e cc l es i astical esta bli s h men t which'. is acknowledged to have been productive of the most substantial national results. That the supreme Lord and King of the world, whose dominion ruleth over all, may preserve your Majesty in the possession of every temporal and spiritual blessing, that the nation may long rejoice under your beneficent gov ern ment, and that, after a prosperous and. peaceful reign, your Majesty, with the Royal family, m ay eternally enjoy the inheritance of a better countri , which is an heavenly, is our most earnest prayer, n the name of the Commission of the, General Assembly. (Signed) DAVID WELSH, Moderator. Edinburgh, Sep. 3, 1842. To this Address her Majesty was pleased to return the following most gracious answer : For this loyal and dutiful address I return you my thanks. I acknowledge with gratitude the inestimable ad vantages which have been derived from the ministra tions of the Church of Scotland. They have con tributed in an eminent degree to form the character of a loyal and religious people. I confidently trust that by your example and con duct you will continue to deserve my favour and protection. You may be assur e d that the solemn en gagement into which I have entered to preserve all the rights and privileges of the Church as established by law, shall be fulfilled by me with scrupulous fidelity. -------- Highness, We TO HIS ROYAL HIGHNESs PRINCE ALBERT. 111 and l oya l su bj ec t s , th e Ministers and Elders of the Chur c h o f S co tl an d, me t in the Commission of the Al , ahyerit please Alajest Y y7 r du ß ti °4l General Assembly, beg leave to offer to your Royal Highness our heartfelt con g ratulations onhappy occasion the arrival, along with our Gracious northern portion of the United iz -Lingdom. We have been highly gratified by all that we have heard of the digaified and honourable usthe deportment of your Royal Highness, and other excellencies of character, Queen, in this worthy of the illustrious race from which you are descended; and we are grateful to Divine Providence f o o f r having the i inestimable s v t o i vouchsafed exhilarating prospect which may result to our posterity from the occupation „f the Throne of this great empire in time to come by a line of Sovereigns whose ancestors have long gupperted the interests of the Reformation. l a e fe d benefits tc' It is our devout prayer that your Royal Highness, with our beloved Sovereign, and your Royal Off spring, may long be preserved in ti e enjoyment of health and comfort, and in the full possession of the ardent attachment of a grateful people, and at last, through the merit of our Divine Redeemer, exalted to the bright and incorruptible inheritance of heaven. Given at Edinburgh, in name of the Commission of the General Assembly. (Signed) DAVID WELSH, Moderator. Edinburgh, Sept. 3, 1842. To this Address his Royal Highness Prince Albert returned the following most graciou s reply : To the Commission of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland. I thank you most cordially for the kind congratu lation upon our first visit to Scotland, contained in the Address you have just presented to me. I earnestly trust that the Church of Scotland may successfully pursue its exertions for the promotion of ! true religion and so und education, and thereby ad . vance the best interests of a loyal and affectionate people. PRINCE ALBERT IN EDINBURGH. Yesterday his Royal Highness Prince Albert paid an early visit to the city, to inspect some of the pub lic institutions, &c. He left Dalkeith Palace shortly after eight o'clock, acccmpanied by Colonel Bouverie and the lion. G. E. Anson, on horseback. Exactly at nine his Royal Highness rode into the Court of the University-, where he was received by the Very Reverend Principal Lee, Professor Bell, and Professor Traill. His Royal Highness manifested great delight in minutely examining the specimens ; and occasioned much surprise by his profound knowledge of various branches of Natural History, particularly of Ornitho logy, Mineralogy, and Geology. In Ornithology he seemed intimately acquainted with the most recent discoveries ; asked if the collection possessed several new species which he mentioned, and detected many of the rarest specimens, before his attendants had time to point them out. He made a round of all the Gal leries in the Western Museum ; entered the lecture room of the Learned Professor of Natural History, and at once recognised many of the drawings of ice bergs and Alpine scenery, and especially those illus trative of the Glacial Theory. In the Model Gallery, his Royal Highness pointed out the various remarkable objects in the scenery around Mont Blanc, and showed the arduous path by which he himself had reached the Jardin across the Mer de Glace, in his Alpine excursions. The Principal conducted his Royal Highness through the splendid Hall of the Library ;—directed his at tention to the small, but classical collection of paint ings, and exhibited several of the interesting manu scripts. After which his Royal Highness visited the Eastern Museum, containing the fine collection of skeletons. The early hour had rendered his visit as he in tended,prirate. Only two ladies, whom we under stood to be the daughters of Professor Traill, ac companied the party. His Royal Highness took his departure about ten o'clock, leaving all who had the good fortune to meet him charmed with his urbanity, his elegant manners and deportment, the sagacity of his observations, and the extent and accu racy of his knowledge of Natural History. His Royal Highness then proceeded to the Institu tion on the Mound, accompanied by Principal Lee, and John Russell, Esq., C.S. After viewing the Royal Society Room, Principal Lee conducted his Royal Highness to the Antiquarian Museum, where he pointed out the most interesting objects to the Prince, such as the 21faiden ; John Knox's pulpit ; Jennie Geddes's stool ; the Thumbikins; Rizzio's walking cane ; the Ribbon worn by Prince Charles Stuart; with all of which the Prince seemed highly amused. He afterwards minutely inspected the Gallery of Ancient Pictures, where he was joined by Dr. Abercromby and Sir John Robison, when he shortly afterwards left. The Prince expressed to Mr. Smith his regret that time would not allow him to in spect the ancient sculpture. His Royal Highness, in order to have a view of the romantic scenery in the environs of the city, ascended some of the eminences in the neighhourhood. From the Institution he proceeded to the Calton Hill, and thence taking the route by George-street, Moray place, Lothian-road, &c., he proceeded as far as the brow of the hill at Morning-side. From this point the Prince returned by Brunsfield Links, up the middle walk of the Meadows, and turning by Teviot Row, left the town by Bristo-street for Dalkeith. HER MAJESTY'S DEPARTURE FOR THE HIGHLANDS. At ten o'clock to-morrow morning (Tuesday) her Majesty and his Royal Highness Prince Albert will take their departure from Dalkeith Palace for the Highlands. The Royal carriages, three in number, are ordered to be in attendance at the Palace as early as nine o'clock, and the following members of the Royal household are expected to accompany her Ma jesty :—Her Grace the Duchess of Buccleuch, the Duchess of Norfolk, Lady Caroline Thynne, the Hon. Miss Paget, Earl of Morton, Colonel Bouverie, Sir James Clark, &c. His Grace the Duke of Buccleuch, Sir R. Peel, Earl of Aberdeen, and the Earl of Liver pool, will, it is said, join the Royal cortege. Her Majesty, on leaving Dalkeith, will be escorted by a detachment of Enniskillen Dragoons, who in the route to Scone will be relieved by forces quartered in various parts. The exact course which the Royal cortege will pursue is not precisely known, but, the general opinion is, that it will proceed along Dudd:ng stone-road, over Cramond bridge, and so on to Queensferry, where one of the Admiralty barges will be in waiting, to convey her Majesty and suite across the Forth. At Howieson Brae Head, a curious custom will he gone through—that of the holder of the lands of Brae Head presenting to her Majesty as she passes a basin of water and a towel, as en the occasion of his late Majesty George the IV.'s visit to Scotland. The custom originated in the rein of James 1., as it is the tenure, it is said, by which the lands at Brae Head are held. On the arrival of the Royal party at Kinross her Majesty will have a fine view of Loch Leven, and the venerable ruins of Loch Leven Castle, from whence Mary Queen of Scots escaped. The Royal cortege is expected to enter the city of Perth about one o'clock, where it will be met by the Magistrates and other public bodies, attired in their robes of office. For several days past the utmost preparations have been going on in erecting triumphal arches throughout the various streets where the pro cession passes, and illuminating the fronts of the vari ous '.public buildings, in honour of the auspicious event. Portions of the 42d Regiment will line the streets, and afterwards join the cavalcade in its pro gress to Scone Palace. At a late meeting of the Town Council, it was determined to present his Royal Highness Prince Albert with the freedom of the city. The presentation is expected to take place at the same moment as the keys of the city are handed to her Majesty. The civil authorities will then form part of the procession, and accompany it as far as the bridge, where it will be met by the Earl of Mansfield and suite. Her Majesty is expected to arrive at the Royal palace at Scone between two and three o'clock in the afternoon, where the Royal party will remain till the following day. At ten o'clock on Wednesday morn ing, the Queen will proceed to Taymouth Castle, the seat of the Marquis of Breadalbane, where prepara tions on the grandest scale have for some time past being going on. The route which will be taken by the cortege is through Dunkeld, Dalguise, Balna guard, to Aberfeldy. Her Majesty is expected to reach Taymouth between one and two o'clock. The whole of the noble Marquis's tenants are invited to meet the Royal party, the ladies to be dressed in plain white gowns, and the gentlemen in full Highland costume. The 92d Regiment will form the guard of honour during her Majesty's stay at Taymouth. Between 300 and 400 Highlanders will give her Ma jesty and her illustrious consort a hearty Highland welcome on their entrance to the town ; they will then walk before the procession to the Castle to the heart-thrilling wounds of their native pibroch, a n d the whole of the nobility and gentry following in the rear. Flag staffs crown every surrounding hill, chieftain's cairn, anil battlemented tower, from which wills be unfurled the Highland brataen, and Royal salutes from batteries erected in all directions will announce to • the country around the Queen's happy arrival. In the evening there will be a grand display of fireworks, together with magnificent illuminations. On the following morning (Thursday) her Majesty will leave Taymouth Castle soon after 11 o'clock, to LITERATURE. FOREST Llb'E. By the Author of a " A New Home.' Landon, Longman, 2 Vols. The writer of these volumes has aimed at giving some amusing and instructive pictures of life in Mi chigan, on the borders of the wilderness. She says nothing of Indians, nothing of the very first pioneers of the wilderness ; she takes us into one of those dis tricts in which villages have arisen, in which some society has been formed, and some conveniences are attainable. A Doctor is within a few miles • it is visited by a pedlar: carpenters can be hired, and will stay when they are not wanted at home ; and schools, according to the law of the United States, have been formed, though the distant coin munity still . trusts to itinerant schoolmasters. " The public square, though intended to become in time the glory of the village, is still in a state of nature ;" the inhabitants " are still lulled to sleep by the plaintive iteration of the Whip-poor-Will ;" " they still occasionally catch the wild note of the owl, as he chides the moon ;" and " they hear, with ever new delight, the sweet welcome with which the thousand songsters of the morning hail the appear ance of the sun." They might have good gardens, but they have too much else to do. " Lilacs and lilies, and even cauliflowers and celery are mere super fluities. The tomata has hitherto been consi dered heathenish and abominable ; asparagus use ful only to put above the looking-glass, as a fly-trap." By no other author are we in troduced into the domestic life of these settlers, and made acquainted with the dangers, particu larly of disease, which they enc oun t er , an d the petty and annoying difficulties they have to overcome. We see, indeed, in a great multitude of books, a rough outline of savage wildness, yielding in places to a rampant civilization ; we see utter destitution gra dually becoming great abundance, first of food, and after wards of comfort we see the beginning of a rude log-house and we see afterwards a flourishing city; but this authoress takes us into the log-house and into the improved dwelling which afterwards arises in its neigh bourhood, and shows us the minute and daily cares and troubles which fill up the settler's life in the early stages of the transition. This minute information is conveyed in a pleasant, agreeable manner, very often assuming the form of a tale ; is mingled with much philosophy, and enlightened throughout by quiet, steady, kindly feeling. The book is occasionally made a little tedi ous by over many remarks. We do not like the Sibthorp correspondence, but, on the whole, it is much to our taste, and will bestow on unsophisticated minds considerable pleasure, mingled with much information. We have no doubt whatever that the book is written by one who has sojourned for a considerable period, and is probably now a so journer, in the regions she describes. If they be peopled by many more such accomplished and gentle persons—and she records numerous traits of ster ling virtue—they must speedily become conspicuous for refinement, as they now are for offering a com fortable home to all those who can reach them, en dowed with health, strength, and the knowledge of some useful art. NATIONAL EDUCATION IN IRELAND. The Eighth Report of the Board of Commissioners of National Education in Ireland, contains various papers and documents explanatory of the present state of the schools in that portion of her Majesty's King dom, both as regards the instructive and statistical departments. Upon the former point a copy of a letter addressed to the Duke of Leinster from the Chief Secretary of Ireland, gives a view of the various methods which have been proposed for adoption in these schools for the purposes of harmoniously combining the educa tion of Catholics and Protestants. Two plans have been tried—those two were in turn found insufficient and objectionable, and a third has finally been found to meet and conciliate interests in apparently a satis factory manner. We draw up a succinct notice of the three : I. First in 1812, the children of these schools, Catholic and Protestant, were all educated together, and the Holy Scriptures, without note or comment, used for the common instruction of all. But in this method it was overlooked that the principles of the Roman Catholic Church were totally hostile to this system, since it permits not even to adults, and far less to children, indiscriminate reading or unaided private interpretation of the sacred volume. Notes and comments of its own creed it inseparably appends. The opposition, therefore, of the Roman Catholic clergy caused this system to be withdrawn. 11. The next plan was brought into operation in 1824-5. The new scheme caused two teachers to be appointed in every school, one Protestant and one Roman Catholic, and a selection from the Scriptures drawn up, and so framed as it was supposed they would be generally acquiesced in by both persuasions. On trial, however, this system was found to be im practicable, and it went the way of its predecessor. 111. Finally, In 1828, a Committee of the House of Commons, to which were referred the various Re ports of the Commissioners of Education, recom mended a system to be adopted which should afford a combined literary, and a separate religious education. This was adopted. The school hours for ordinary in struction of the collective pupils were ordered to be five days out of the week, and the remaining two to be entirely devoted to religion. Spiritual and moral instruction was also not to be neglected on the other five, but after the appointed " school times" clergy men and parishioners were to be permitted and en couraged to attend the pupils, and instruct them ac cording to their creeds. This last plan has been found efficacious, approv able, and good, and the number of schools and pupils over which the system holds sway, will be understood by reference to the subjoined statement. On the 31st of December, 1841, there were in the province of Ulster 1,005 schools in operation, con taining on their rolls, according to the latest census taken of them, which was in the preceding September, a total of 90,531 males and females, with an additional number of 103 schools in process of building, deduct ing, however, 44 struck off. In Munster, 482 schools, containing 75,191 male s and females, with 113 schools forming ; 30 struck off. In Leinster, 642 schools, co ntaining 88,092 m a l es and females, with 81 schools building, and 30 struck off. In Connaught, 208 schools, having a total of 25,897 males and females, with 85 schools building, and 10 struck off. From this it appears summarily, that there at pre sent exist in Ireland throughout the four provinces above given, a total of 2,337 schools, educating within their walls the number of 279,711 male and female children, of mingled Catholic and Protestant persua sion, while an additional number of 382 schools are now in active construction, in which it is calculated, upon their completion, that the further number of at least 48,356 children will receive the benefits of en lightenment and instruction. By . drawing a comparison between the state of this vast body of schools at the commence ment of the year 1841 and its conclusio . n, progress will b e reporte d as follows : The Commissioners had, according to their own showing, 1,978 schools in operation at the year's beginning, at tended by 232,560 children. At the close of it, 2,337 schools, which were attended by 281,849 children ; having also at the same time undertaken to make grants to 382 schools, which had not then opened, and the attendance upon which it was expected would amount to about 48,000. The Board finally calculate that they may look for ward to having between 300,000 and 400,000 poor chil dren receiving education under their superintendence in the course of the present year, and such an educa tion as it may be hoped will make them recruits to the cause of public order and peace. With regard to teachers, it may shortly be stated, that since the date of the last Report hereon the Board have caused to be trained 136 during the last year, in addition to the 645 before then in employ, making a total of 781. We cannot dismiss the subject, however, one preg nant with so much goo d t o th e r i s i ng population m Ireland, without alluding to the inconsiderable sala ries allowed to the masters and mistresses, the highest class-man of the former receiving no more than an annual sum of 201., and the females 151., while under ones range as low as 101., and even 6/. It is true that the Commissioners enforce that a further income be secured to the teachers, either by local subscriptions or school fees ; but in such a case fluctuative or pre carious stipend in any shape ought to be put out of the question. The instructor of youth fills an honour able and responsible post, and ought, therefore, in all situations to be honourably and liberally dealt with. SE N TENDING of the YORKSHIRE RIOTERS. YORK, SEPT. s. —This morning the Learred Judges at ten o'clock proceeded to sentence the pri soners, who, to the number of more than 150, were assembled in the two Courts. The LORD CHIEF JUSTICE, when the names of those who were before him (each Judge having those whom he had tried) had been called over, addressing himself first to the case of one Mitchell, who had been convicted of plundering a soldier, senseless and bleeding, in one of the affrays between the military and the mob, said, the prisoner formed one of those who had been found guilty of offences connected with the recent lamentable riots. His offence, indeed, had a degree of criminality about it which did not charac terise those of the other prisoners, who, however, had participated in illegal proceedings, out of which acts the most criminal naturally arose. First, men allowed themselves ignorantly to he banded together, for the purpose of absurdly and tyrannically attempting to control the freedom of labour, and to prevent those from following their usual avocations who were disposed so to do. Of course these outrages were not to be permitted ; and force being assembled to resist the riot, there arose the second stage in these criminal proceedings. The police, and ultimately the military, were called in to suppress the sedition ; for it must now be clearly seen that the law would ever, in the end, prevail ; that the authorities would not submit to be controlled by a lawless mob ; but that the law would justify the adop tion of any force to maintain its supremacy. When the civil force, then, was appealed to with this view, bad men, who had private reasons for detesting the constabulary, would of course take the opportunity of assaulting them. Forgetful of the plain and undeni able truth that the civil powers are even more for the protection of the lower and poorer orders than of other classes, ignorant people assembled against them, and the opportunity was selected by wicked men of wreak ingh upon tho se w h ose v i g il ance reasontoll n dislike. .Depraved men, too, availed tey their mean themselves of the confusion created by foolish men for the purpose of robbing; and they certainly had as much right to plunder as the others had to riot, the law condemning both asdecidedly, though, of course, distin guishing as more guilty these who added robb er y t o rioting. This was the case with the prisoner a the bar, whose character was very bad. And w h at was to prevent the vilest and most desperate men (though this was too often forgotten) from pursuing their vi cious courses during the period of general confusion, when law and order were temporarily overcome ? It was lamentable that so many of intelligence sufficient to see this should have been found linked together in proceedings of which others far more depraved would inevitably take advantage. The most foolish must have known they were doing wrong in aiding or abet • tin' , proceedings so palpably unlawful, though they might not have committed acts of such criminality as that of the prisoner, the sentence on whom was trans portation for ten years. The other prisoners were then called upon to say anything they thought proper in mitigation of punish ment. Many of them availed themselves of this per mission, and proceeded generally to assert their inno cence pertinaciously; such of them as stated what was utterly inconsistent with the facts deposed to were reminded of this by the Lord Chief Justice, who at last severely reprimanded one man who was violently attack ing the witnesses against him, his Lordship observing that no good could possibly arise from persisting in denying guilt which had been clearly established in evidence, and affirmed by the verdict of a Jury. Some of them. however, who had pleaded guilty, spoke respectfully in extenuation of their offence ; and some who had been convicted stated facts not incon sistent with the evidence, tending to show that the extent of their participation in the riots was but tri fling; most of them received good characters, and the greater part earnestly declared this to have been the first occasion of their conviction for any offence. Lord DENMAN proceeded to address the prisoners generally, who, he said, had been guilty of violating the rights of persons and of property most seriously, all of them having been guilty of rioting, many of them of conspiracy as well. They had lent themselves meanly and abjectly as the instruments of men much worse than themselves, who had, after duping them, left them to bear the brunt of the inevitable consequences. If they had felt like Englishmen, they would have manfully resisted such disgraceful influence, and refused to become the tools of base incendiaries. The law had not yet laid hold of the main movers in these disgraceful proceedings ; and' it seemed that some persons at a distance even had power enough to induce many to prefer sacrificing their resources for seditious purposes to profiting by a course of steady and honest industry. Example must be made of all who in whatever manner set the law at defiance. Men must be taught that the law was not to be broken and the peace disturbed with impunity. The least intelligent must be fully aware that no dependence could be placed on the forbearance of a mob ; that nobody could foresee how long the grossest outrages might be delayed ; and that it was only the salutary terror of such proceedings as the present that could restrain the lawlessly disposed. It was necessary this also should be impressed upon the minds of the people—that if, in consequence of an un lawful assembly and the attempt to disperse it on the part of the authorities any one so engaged were to be killed, the guilt of murder would be shared by all who were included in that assembly. There was not the least doubt that this was the law of England, and it was well that it should be se, for otherwise every one would say, what the generality of the prisoners now present had said, " I had no part in the matter ; I wielded no weapon; I gave no blow ; I committed no violence." It was quite possible that some of those now at the bar might not have actually injured any person, but all those who were all together in an ille gal gathering, giving thereto the sanction and the en couragement of their presence, were equally involved in the responsibility. Danger and terror ne cessarily arose from the congregation of a large and riotous assembly, and in the guilt all were sharers who combined to form the multitude. Extreme, indeed, would be the peril if the law followed any other rule. In some cases persons had endeavoured to extort money under the apprehension of violence. If in any such case money had been paid, the receiver—it should be well understood—would be guilty of no less a crime than highway robbery. The essence of this offence was the extortion of money through fear of violence. What could be a greater source of terror than a vast and lawless mob ? And the absurdity of the multitude rendered them not less dangerous or less criminal. In several of the cases which had been tried on this occasion the jurors had made recommen dations to mercy, which the Judges were disposed very much to extend over the whole number, for the jurors had evidently entertained the impression that many of the prisoners had been misled by others, but still, it was to be feared, too much with the con sciousness of ill-doing, and too much with the con currence of their own will. It was a painful duty to deal in the way of punishment with numbers of men who had the power of maintaining themselves in a very respectable sphere of life, and with every desirable comfort, but who, through their own folly, had placed themselves in a position in which they were liable to be imprisoned among felons, in gaols — the disgrace of which many of them had never before incurred—there to expiate the criminality they had become involved in. The Judges would, of course, endeavour to draw the best distinction they could, though it was not possible to be thoroughly accurate. Some would have punishments lighter far perhaps than they merited, others would be discharged with none at all ; and it was to be hoped that this lenity would have the effect of teaching them not to distrust the law, but to feel assured of its considerate protection, while its authority must be maintained. Let it be borne in mind, that though character had answered once with many of them, it would never prevail so again ; and that if any one of them were hereafter caught in such proceedings, their treatment would be, deservedly, fur more severe. It was impossible not to remark how ably, and at the same time humanely, the magistracy had behaved through these transactions, at the same time their conduct had been such as mus t have s atisfied the people th a t mag i s t ra t es o f all politics and all persuasions were firmly resolved to preserve the authority of the law. In the prosecu tions the greatest forbearance had been manifested, probably too much so, for the Judges imagined they had not heard the worst of these proceedings ; how ever, they could only deal, of course, with what they had before them in evidence ; but they felt concerned to find symptoms of something like intimidation and improper influence displayed in the indisposition of some witnesses to repeat at the trials testimony they had decisively• given be fore the magistrates. (In one or two cases witnesses pretended not to be able per fectly to identify men to whom they had previously sworn distinctly.) It would serve such people right if actions were brought against them by the men who had been confined so long on their evidence, which after all it should seem they durst not adhere to. The humanity of the prosecutors was re markably exemplified in the case of Wilkinson who had been convicted of a riot in which it ap peared he had stabbed a constable with his knife ; this was only laid as a misdemeanor, though it might , have been put as a felony. The sentence, however, would be the most severe that could be inflicted for the offence on which the indictment had been framed, and that was imprisonment with hard labour for 18 calendar months. The next case in point of violence would be 12 months. Armitage (who had been so re spected as to be appointed a Wesleyan Sunday school teacher), with some others, six months ; others (whom the Learned Judge named) were sentenced to terms of 5,4, 3, and two months. Some were let off with a nominal term of three weeks, dated from the com mencement of the assizes, and a number were dis charged on their recognizances. Mr. Justice MAuLB disposed of hi- cases in a similar way, addressing the prisoners in the same strain. The proceedings were over by about noon. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SlR—The report of the proceedings at Guildhall, respecting my charge against the Licensed Vic tuallers' Protection Society, for having denied the payment to me, on behalf of Mr. Ibbotson, of 25., as a fee for entering the name of my master, as an appli cant for a servant, is likely to do me injury unless you give an explanation. The Magistrate refused to go on with the case, as he decided he had no jurisdiction, as pressed by Mr. Wire. As I did pay the fee it is my intention to summon the Secretary for the amount. I paid, and I have no doubt of being able to prove cir cumstances, there to be adduced, to show that though no receipt was given for the money I paid, the prac tice hitherto, that I have a claim against the Society. —I am, Sir, your obedient servant, GEORGE SMITHERS. Black Boy and Horse Shoe, Nicholas-lane, Sept. 7. YOUNG MOBS. (From the "Report on the Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population of Great Britain.) Whenever the adult population of a physically depressed district, such as Manchester, is brought out on any public occasion, the preponderance of youth in the crowd, and the small proportion of aged, or even of the middle aged, amongst them is apt to strike those who have seen assemblages of the working population of other districts more favourably situated. In the course of some inquiries under the Con stabulary Force Commission as to the proportions of a paid force that would apparently be requi site for the protection of the peace in the manu facturing districts, reference was made to the meetings held by torchlight in the neighbour hood of Manchester. It was reported to us, on close observation by peace-officers, that the bulk of the assemblages consisted of mere boys, and that there were scarcely any men of mature age to be seen amongst them. Those of mature age and experience, it was stated, generally disap proved of the proceedings of the meetings as in jurious to the working classes themselves. These older men, we were assured by their employers, were intelligent, and perceived that capital, and large capital, was not the means of their depres sion, but of their steady and abundant support. They were generally described as being above the influence of the anarchical fallacies which appeared to sway those wild and really dan gerous assemblages. The inquiry which arose upon such statements was how it happened that the men of mature age, feeling their own best interests injured by the proceedings of the younger portion of the working classes, how they, the elders, did not exercise a restraining influence upon their less experienced fellow workmen? On inquiring of the owner of some extensive manufacturing property, on which be tween 1,000 and 2,000 persons were maintained at wages yielding 40s. per week per family, whether he could rely on the aid of the men of mature age for the protection of the capital which furnished them the means of subsistence ? he stated he could rely on them confidently. But on ascertaining the numbers qualified for service as special constables, the gloomy fact be came apparent, that the proportion of men of strength and of mature age for such service were but as a small group against a large crowd, and that for any social influence they were equally weak. The disappearance by premature deaths of the heads of fitmilies and the older workmen at such ages as those recorded in the returns of dependent widowhood and orphanage, must to some extent practically involve the ne cessity of supplying the lapse of staid influence amidst a young population by one description or other of precautionary force. On expostulating on other occasions with middle-aged and experienced workmen on the folly as well as the injustice of their trade unions, by which the public peace.was compromised by the, violence of strike after strike, without re gard to the experiences of the sufferings from the continued failures of their exertions for ob jects the attainment of which would have been most injurious to themselves, the workmen of the class remonstrated with, invariably dis claimed connexion with the proceedings, and showed that they abstained from attendance at the meetings. The common expression was, they would not attend to be borne down by " mere boys," who were furious, and knew not what they were about. The predominance of a young and violent majority was general. In the metropolis the experience is similar. The mobs against which the police have to guard come from the most depressed districts; and the constant report of the superintendents is, that scarcely any old men are to be seen amongst them. In general, they appear to con sist of persons between sixteen to twenty-five years of age. The mobs from such districts as Bethnal-green are proportionately conspicuous for a deficiency of bodily strength, without, however, being from that cause proportionately the less dangerously mischievous. I was informed by peace officers that the great havoc at Bristol was committed by mere boys. The experience of the Metropolitan Police is also similar as to the comparatively small pro portion of force available for public service from such depressed districts. It is corroborative also of the evidence as to the physical deterioration of their population, as well as the disproportion in respect to age. Two out of every three of the candidates for admission to the police force itself are found defective in the physical qualifications. It is rare that any one of the candidates from Spitalfields, Whitechapel, or the districts where the mean duration of life is low, is found to pos sess the requisite physical qualifications for the force, which is chiefly recruited from the open districts at the outskirts of the town, or from Norfolk and Suffolk, and other agricultural counties. _ In general the juvenile delinquents, who come from the inferior districts of the towns, are con spicuously under size. In a recent examination of juvenile delinquents at Parkhurst by Mr. Kay Shuttleworth, the great majority were found to be deficient in physical organization. An im pression is often prevalent that the criminal po pulation consists of persons of the greatest phy sical strength. Instances of criminals of greet strength certainly do occur; but speaking from observations of the adult prisoners from the towns and the convicts in the hulks, they are in ge ne _ ral below the average standard of height. The facts indicated will suffice to show the importance of tile moral and political considera tions, viz., that the noxious physical agencies depress the health and condition of the popula tion, and act as obstacles to education and to moral culture; that in abridging the duration of the adult life of the working classes they check the growth of productive skill, and abridge the amount of social experience and steady moral habits in the community; that they substitute for a population that accumulates and preserves instruction and is steadily progressive, a popula tion that is young, inexperienced, ignorant, cre dulous, irritable, passionate, and dangerous, having a perpetual tendency to moral as well as physical deterioration. The Lancashire turn-out still continues. The very natural,cons equence i s the announcement of a series of depredations, an d a pract i ce of plunder by night, which must lead to still further irritation between the middle and lower classes.—HaYax Guardian. E.