The Sun. — London, England, 1842-07-23 00:00:00

. . that Mr. - Biinting would be better able to pay 254 than myself—he would be a better security. Sarah Ann Downing examined by Mr. C. PHILLIPS. — On the day of election a gentleman came up to me and asked me-which way my husband was going to vote. M. Bristee came up, and he said he had got the bills, and he wished to.have them settled. I said when do you wish my husband to call, and he said next week. Mr. Clarke--I was a secretary to the money society. Was called to prove that the society had been extinct some months before the election, and that no advance had been made to Bunting of the sum of 251. There had been advances made to Bunting to the amount of 1501., and Davies , was one of the securities ; but the whole amount was discharged bare the winding up of the oeie ty. : • Ldw►n Franks examined—Voted for the two Blue Members for Ipswich.. Was at the King's Arms on the day of „election. Saw Frost there. Had some refresh meal there. He had a 3s. ticket. Has a son who is a voter ; he also bad a 3s. ticket ; that was after witness bad voted. Witness got 10s. to carry him home, as he lived about 61 miles from Ipswich—at Levington ; his son had the same. Mr. Stewart gave witness the 10s. It was in a room where there was a table covered with papers, with several gentlemen sitting round the table. William Franks ; 'son of the last witness, gave similar testimony. • Robert rage deposed that he had a vessel, named the . Success, in Ipswich at the time of the election. The Captain's name was Bishop. On the day of the election . Mr. Coiike came to witness, and he asked if Bishop was going. to vote, and witness replied he did hot know. 'Mr. Cooke said " What are Bishop's principles ?" Witness replied " I don't know as he's got any."—(Laughter.) Mr. Cooke said, " Will Bishop stay to vote ?" and wit ness replied, no, he would not, as he would lose his voyage. Mr. Cooke said, " What will his voyage be ?" and witness answered about 71. or 81. Mr. Cooke agreed to give him the • amount of the voyage if he would stop to vote. Bishop stopped and voted, and in about three weeks after witness went to Mr. Cooke'S house and received " the blunt."—(Laughter.) Mr. Cooke paid him 81., a five-pound note and three " wery light sove reigns."—(Loud laughter.) Witness gave Bishop's wife 61., and kept 21. for himself to pay the expenses of the delay of the vessel. Sarah Bishop corroborated this evidence. Thomas Bowman, ' a shoemaker, deposed that he called upon Mr. Bristoe, to have his name put upon the band, as he was a musician. He (Mr. Bristoe) said that the name of witness could not be put on the list, but another name must be inserted ; and the 'witness was paid thirty shillings as a musician. Witness played in the band about half an hour. Witness was not bound to play—it was a voluntary act. Witness went to the King's Arms and had something to drink. Witness had as inu. J h as ho could drink, but paid nothing. It was here announced that the Speaker was at prayers, and the Committee adjourned till 11 o'clock, to-clay. NEWCASTLE-UNDER-LYME. TERMINATION OF THE INQUIRY. The Committee met yesterday at eleven o clock, Lord Ashley in the chair. Mr. COLE, on the part of the sitting Members, commenced hiq reply to the argument of Mr. Sergeant Wrangham. The Learned Gentleman cited several authorities to show that the acts of an agent could not prejudice the right of the sitting 31ember. Mr. sergeant Wrangham having replied to Mr. Cole, the room was cleared. After a short time the parties were called in, and the CHAIRMAN announced the fol lowing resolution :—" That John Q. Harris, Esq., having been declared by a Committee of the House Jt' Commons to have been guilty of bribery by his agents at the previous election for Newcastle under-Lyme, and that election having been avoided, was incapable of being elected at the election which took place in consequence of such avoidance." Counsel for the sitting Member having agreed that a sufficient number of votes should be struck off to place Mr. Colquhoun in a majority, the Committee came to the usual decision," That J. Q. Harris, Esq., was not duly elected at the last election for the borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme, and ought not to have been re turned ; and that John Campbell Colquhoun, Esq., was duly elected, and ought- to have been returned, but th a t the defence of the- sea t was no t, frivolous or vexatious." BANK OF ENGLAND. Quarterly Average of the Weekly Liabilities and Assets of the Bank of England, from the 23d day of April, to the 16th day of July, 1842, both inclusive, published pursuant to the Act, 3 and 4 W. IV., cap. 98. L 7. 13ILITIES , ASSETS. Circulation' ..£18,279,000 Securities £21,713,000 Deposits 8,56.000 Bullion 7,818,000 X 26,844,000 Downing-street, July 22, F £29,531,000 ANTI-CORN LAW COINFERENCE. The members of the Conference met yesterday, at twelve o'clock, at Het bent's Hotel, Palace-yard, Mr. Tuyior in the chair. The CHAIRMAN said he had to congratulate them on the improvement that every day presented itself'. r,se last night's debate was an example of thi s . Their cause had evidently made much progress during the last ten days. They could, not at one tune get any one to advocate the measur e of etor ping the supplies ; but last night there were more than one, or two, or three Members who &dared their reaoi ness to du it, or were prepared to , Afirction it when tie time came. Last night a stand was made ; to-night another would be made ; su he thought they ht.d . every teasen fur hoping that before long such. continued exertions made us the House and out of it, in all parts of the country, must give them the certainty of complete success. Es ery day the Uonfsrence receiyednuni berless letters, alt breathing the same spirit, and congra- Uniting them on the improved prospects that were every day opening to them, an.i their determination to exert ti.emselves in their various district s to promote the objects they had in view. —(Hear, hear.) The Chairman then proceeded to read the following communications, the tirgt referring tis the statement made in the, Manchester Guardian of the improvement in trade, which statement Sir U. Peel had alluded to with evident satisfaction : EXTRACT OF A LETTER FROM A COMMISSION AGENT IN MANCHESTER, TO J. BROOKS, ESQ. Manchester, July 20, 1842. Dear Sir,—No doubt the article in the Guardian of yes terday caused you quite as much surprise as myself. Ist. As regards the United States, I felt it my duty as the representative of an extensive calico printer, to endeavour to obtain s ome o f t h ose considerable orders for prints alluded to in the Guardian. I called upon Messrs. (mentioning three houses), and you well know these are the principal houses in the united States' trade, and of course would be a fair criterion to judge by. They were quite astonished at my asking for an order, and treated the whole affair as a hoax. 2d. In the West India trade, I asked Messrs. (two extensive firms), the latter of whom showed me his correspondence re ceived during the last three months, the whole of which gives the most discouraging accounts you can conceive—that few sa l es w ere made, and those onl' at a great sacrifice. 3d. As regards Canada, t.'itere is a very small business doing, much less than former se; dons . Another house sale: the accounts from Canada were very discouraging, and chat the improvement in the West Indies was not of rec e nt date, alluding to Jamaica more particularly, where business had been at a complete stand. Bradford Reform Club Rooms, July 21, 1842. Res,olved—That the Bradford United Reform Club, having vent With considerable satisfaction the bold and zealous manner iu which the Anti-Corn-law Conference, now in London, have pressed upon hei• Majeity's Prime Minister the absolute neces sity of destroying the odious imposition on the bread of 'the poor, canons bet award them its best thanks for se doing. But more especially as some members of the Conference have dean ed. (heir imention of demanding the removal of the mother of all monopolies—th e monopoly m representation; as, in the opinion or this Club, cheap, equitable, and efficient Govern meet wilt be looked for in vain, so lung as the present partial syste.o of representation exists. That while we hail with satisfaction the exertions of the Anti- Corn-1a... League generally, we cordially invite them to come oat unanimously, and aid in gaining for the people that political power, which will at once and for ever destroy the aristocratic domination by which this country has been reduced to its pre sent. indescribably distressed condition, and which, if not de stroyed, threatens its utter ruin. That the spectacle now presented to the nation of a Parlia- Digit, extensively corrupt, perpetuating monopolies in the food of the poor, squandering the resource. of the nation in disgrace. ful warfare, rejecting the just petitions of the people, and dis regarding the most faithful and alarming representations of their destitute condition, ought to excite the indignation of every virtuous citizen, and justifies the people in withdrawing their confidence and support. That this meeting, therefore, respectfully but earnestly calls upon the representatives of .the Borough of Bradford, W. Bus. field, Esq , and J. Hardy, Esq., to use their utmost influence in Parliament, in co-operation with the advocates of popular rights, to I revent the granting of further supplies to. the Go vernment. REPORT OF THE STATE OF TRADE IN THE EAST OF LONDON. In Wapping, and the adjoining parish of Shadwell, there are hundreds who have not earned a shilling since the last ten scteks, and this in the midst of summer, when these very men usually calcul a t e o n o btaining full employment. Our neigh bouring Ducks, the London and St. Katherine, are full of vessels, the greater part laid up, which, under ordinary cir cumstances should be tailing to, or returning from, the different ports of the Continent or America. Of those which arc loading, the greater part present a hopeless " laying on," the export trade, being, as I know, but trifling, particularly as regards manufactured goods, the order , of the day being, for what they do get, dead cargo—that is, the raw material, taken to the Continent and other parts, to be manufactured at the place of destination ; so that, as an old Rotterdam Captain observed to me, a few months since, live cargoes with us have almost ceased, so that freights scarcely pay wear and tear of ship. It may be urged by Sir Roiled P..el or his friends that they have seen something lately doing in the docks and river ; true, that something being nearly confined to wheat and flour, w or ki ng into bond, till the sliding-scale is worked to a low point of the duty, say to 6s, per quarter; if the weather continues fine ; Is. if in the course of this week we should be resented with a week of continued wet weather. The distress I have described as prevailing n theTowerHam. lets is scarcely lees severe than in Rotherhithe and Bermnd sey, particularly amongst watermen, lightermen, porters r) (fellowship and corn), shipwrights, barge-builders, ballast-heavers , and ma ricers. It follows that the shopkeepers must suffer in the same ratio, and in my own case I may truly state that my hu,iness is re duced to less than one-half what it was,ehis time twelvemont hs. Many of my neighbours, unable to hold out against such a state of things, have closed their shops, driven to de:pair. Turn we to the neighbouring poor-houses, and we find the m tilted to repletion, and additional hundieds seeking relief. As yet there has been no great increase in the amount of crime, but the neck of the summer being broken, as we say here, and no hope of improvement on this side next spring, and the possible contingency of a severe winter, the patience of these suffering people will be severely tested. Mr. Siturrnewoiern said the Guardian had been for the last twelvemonth s in the habit of giving such.repre stutationi as the one that appeared in the last number, though the state of things . was worse th4e than it.had finEr liter: before. • Bosrov, IRE. —TrsAle here is unu t u a lly d u ll. • Parties w h o .n our ;Car-kit dayt-usectio consider hi. and 61. a bad day's work, do not absolutel y take so m an y s hilli ngs ! Th e grocers are glad to have their receipts f or t h e day averaging =A. -fourth of -what-they 31.4 " kirn Mechanics and is era arc idle. The wariw t- place needy-NI of TER SIN, LONDON, SATURDAY MORNING-, SU! 4 - Y 23, Mil on a Monday morning, and the only busy portion of our . popu lation are those at the relieving-officer's door, the pawnbrokers, or at that of the Magistrates' sitting-room, adjoining the police office. Th e f am ili es o f respectable tradesmen are htetilly starving. Take an individual cue. My neat vieiglibour, a Tory freeman by the way, whose rates being paid for him, voted last week to saddle me with a Church-rate,—this man, who has been in comparatively (with those in a similar trade) wealthy circumstances, has a large family. He has net. a shit. hug in the world—overwhelmed in debt—he has only brought home one sixpence during the last three weeks, and that ob tained by the sale of part of his tools. Trade, a carpenter. He is two years in arrears of rent. This is a faithful history of the '4 ways and means" of the respectable tradesmen in dila town. The Rev. Mr. Massre (of Manchester) then addressed the meeting. He had had the pleasure of being in the gallery of the House of Commons during the debate of last night, and had been struck, with several other friends, with the marked silence which prevailed on the Tory benches on the subject they advocated, and the principles of free trade generally. Ile did not mean to criticise the speechei of the few Members who spoke on that occasion ; Sir R. Peel rose to speak of the disturb ances in the Potteries, which he said were not so serious as had been represented ; he said it ar ose f rom coll i ers striking for 4s. a day rather than 3s. 6d., and that the agitation was caused by evil and designing men, who were sent down among them. He spoke like a man who seemed to require something stronger than water to support him ; never before had he seen him apply a tumbler to his lips in the House of Commons, but this he did twice during last night's debate. He appeared to want it to sustain his tremulous voice, or to give him time to think, for what he had to do was hard work. His speech, itself, was weak and full of claptraps—his speech was like his cause, weak and emasculated, and it appeared to him that he had lost that strength of mind which became the Premier of a great country to possess, in order to to lead the nation forward in a new career of commercial policy. He complained most bitterly of the gentlemen of the deputation from the Conference who waited upon him at Downing -street. He complained that they spoke in adeclamatory manner, and said he was certainly rather disposed to Wm* a deaf ear to them inconsequence. But he arose to address; them principally on one of the most interesting statistic Reports that had ever been made relating to the county of Lancashire. It was pre pared for the meeting of the British Association at Manchester. (The Rev. Gentleman then laid before the meeting a Report, entitled, " Statistical Illustrations of the Past and Present State of Lancashire," by Henry Ashworth, the substance of which was given by Mr. Ashworth at the meeting held at the City of London Tavern, on Wednesday.) Mr. Hotersost, of Halifax, said he should be very brief in his observations. The gentleman had expressed some degree of hope ; he wished he could instil the same feeling into him, for it would save many sleep less nights. He did not see any prospect of amend ment unless the Corn-laws were repealed. In Halifax the distress was not yet so extreme as in other places, but it was fast increasing. By a return of the amount of pauperism in the Halifax Union, in 1838 and 1842, it appeared that the number of paupers had increased from• 3,704 to 8,531, and the rates from 1,8931. to 3,4891. Several respectable shopkeepers of Halifax had told him that their returns across the counter were nut one-tenth what they were two years ago. The Rev. Mr. MORGAN, of Stourbridge, said the cry of distress came from all parts of the country, and to remove that distress it was necessary to remove that most abominable of all abominations—the corn mono poly. In the mining districts the distress was intense ; and in the Potteries the people had turned out in what, on the other side the way, would be termed rebellion, but it was a rebellion of the stomach. All were looking to the Conference for aid.—(Cheers.) Their position was more satisfactory than it was three weeks ago. It was now admitted that something must be done. If there were not a speedy remedy there would be a speedy outbreak. The statistics of the poor-rate at Stockport showed how the poor-rates fell almost entirely on the middle classes; they must unite with the working classes, and the sooner they did it the better. Why should an honest man be forced to leave his native land ? It was an outrage upon propriety , to propose such a thing. Let the Corn-laws be repealed, and let food be brought to him, instead of forcing him to go to the food.— (Cheers.) The effect of the Corn-laws on the moral character of the people was also bad. The people were unable to send their children to schools, and the col lections for religious purposes were falling off. Their cause against the Corn-laws was the cause of truth against error, and of justice against injustice and cruelty. The Rev. Mr. SCOBELL wished to know whether, in the pamphlet to which allusion had been made by Mr. Massie, Mr. Ashworth had made any allowance for the difference in the value of money between the year 1692 and the present time. Mr. ASHWORTH 'said the pamphlet had been unex pectedly brought under discussion that morning during his absenci, and therefore he was not aware exactly of what but taken place. His object in drawing up that statement had been merely to lay before the British A.asociation, on their assembling at Manchester, a view of the statistics of . Lancashire. With reference to the inquiry made by Mr. Scobell, he begged to state that he had taken the nominal 'value of the currency of the realm, regardless of any change in the value of money between the two periods. But they should also take into their calculations the diminution in the value of articles of clothing, &c., purchased by money, and it would then be found that the diminution in the value of clothing was g reater than the diminution in th e va l ue o f money, so that the owners of rents were in a better position for commanding the comforts of life than they were in 1692. To show the increase in the value of landed property, he mentioned one estate which had been purchased by the grandfather of the present pro prietor for a flitch of bacon and a peck of oatmeal. That estate was now worth 1,000/. The value of property in Lancashire had been improved by the intelligence, in genuity, and industry of the heads and the hands of its population, and he exulted on looking at that county, to see the triumphs that mind had gained over matter. A change, however, was now passing over them—a wasting process was swallowing up this prosperous in crease, and, if not stayed, would at no distant period fling back that beautiful county into the waste whicd it was in former days. They might form some idea of the great importance of Lancashire, and of the industry of its population, when he informed them that about half a million of the working people of Lancashire supplied one-half the exports of the whole United Kingdom.— (Cheers.) Surely these men, who were now suffering " the deepest distress, were entitled to the sympathy of the country. (The Hon. Gentlemen then went minutely into the statistics of BostOn as given in the pamphlet, and repeated the statement made by him in the City on Monday, that the Committee of Inquiry found that comparing the number of blankets found among a con siderable number of distressed families with the number of persons in those families, the average was 101 persons to each blanket.) The Conference might wish to know what was the general appearance of the' people in• the town of Bolton. A person entering the town would see groups of men sauntering idly about ; their countenances haggard, care-worn, and anxious ; their clothes torn and patched. Some of these were men nil° had been employed in making the most difficult parts of the machinery of lo comotive engines ; these men stood at, the col ners of the streets, sullen and heavy, with eyes looking any thing but complacently at the vehicles of the wealthy taut rolled past them.—(Cheers.) Their minds could not understand why men possessed of skill, and in grenuity, and honesty, and stren g th, an d i n d ustry, should' be suffered to pine in squalid destitution and misery.—(Cheers.) Many of these people had but ss. Gd. a week whereon to maintain six persons. Of that ss. Gd. no less than 4s. sd. was expended in the purchase of articles of agricultural produce, and of that Is. 6d. went in payment of the food tax—so that the Corn-laws took Is. 6d. 014 of that ss. 6d. to give to the landlords.—(Cheers.) The prophecy of the Standard was in a fair way of being fulfilled. The editor of that paper had said " England would be as great, and powerful, and all-useful Englishmen would be as rich as they are, if one ruin were to engulph all the manufacturing districts of England." That was a prophecy—a prediction, perhaps the ex pression of a hope, to the triumphant fulfilment of which they were rapidly hastening. He looked upon those words of the Standard as the expression of a prediction or a 'desire. rather than as an observation,—(Cheers.) Before sitting down he wished to make one observation' on a statement which he had made the other day in the City. He had there stated that the rating of Bolton was made on a valuation of 84,0001., and that 31,0001. were ' in a condition to pay the rates. Ile had frequently be fore made that statement, and it had never been contra dicted that he had heard of, until last evening. He had not been present, and therefore did not exactly know what had passed ; but he had been informed that it had been stated that the sum of 31,0001. was not to be consi dered as the test of the ability, but of the willingness of the persons to pay rates. It appeared that a part of the inhabitants of the town denied the validity of the Char ter, and on that account refused to pay the rates. Such had been the statement that had been made. Ile had not had an opportunity of hearing from Bolton on the sub ject, but he thought it right to take the earliest oppor tunity of referring to the statement which had been made. Mr. HUME ' M.P., who was loudly cheered by th e meeting, said that he was happy to think he might con gratulate them on the proceedings in the House of Com mons last night.—( Hear hear.) They had been anxious to obtain from her Majesty's. Government a distinct declaration of their intentions in the present alarming state of the country. Until last night, however, they had no definite avowal of those intentions. He thought that there could now be no doubt as to the I course which Mini s t e r s mean t t o p ursue , o r a s to the grounds upon which they would take that course. Sir James Graham and Sir Robert Peel had admitted that the distress of the people was great and widely ex , tended, but they seemed to_ entertain a lurking hope that the distress was but temporary, as well as a desire that the measures they had passed should have a further trial. Sir James Graham distinctly said that a trial of those measures had nut yet been made, and thatit would be very unwise and very unreasonable not to give them an opportunity of ascertaining what might be the results ..f the commercial policy they had adopted. Sir R. Peel alleged that he was not prepared to introduce any new measures, as he expected, from symptoms already exhibited, a revival of commercial prosperity. There was no doubt hut there had been of late a considerable increase, as stated by Sir Robert Peel, in the. Custom-house entries. That circumstance might, however, be attributed to the fact that a great quantity of goods had b een k ept b ack until the new tariff should. come into operation ; and no proof had yet been given that we could calculate on a p he revival, o f prosperity. Sir Robert P ee l , in t e , ,urse of his .speech, had adverted to the in •crcase.. -in our. population since the year 1831, and he showCd that that incTes t s.o had taken place by the returns of the late census. But the argument that had been thus used waS little better than a f a ll acy, because there might be a great lucre= . the vezi,s44, of 1831 rits eompared with the census of 1841, and yet there might be, as he (Mr. Hume) believed to be the case, a very great reduction in the number of oteupied houses during the last three mit-Awing the period which Mr. Heyworth had property called "the period of the wasting process.." Now he would recommend the Delegates to eildeaVout to esCertain, be &fitly as they I could, dye number 'of e rnees' hi diterent towns whi c h had become tinteirttef' since the years 1836 and 1837, when he took: It for granted that all our houses were occupied% tet them in the same way endeavour to ob tain Correct returns of the number of mills which had since a given time been standing still in various manufacturing towns. lie thought that such statistical details would go far to prove the amount to which our manufactures . had declined, and the consequent destitution of the working classes ; and those details might be advantage ously used in the next debateon the subject of the national distress in the House of Commons. He should, therefore, reconithend to the Delegates to communicate all the ip rormation they could collect upon theSe matters to theFr supporters in Parliament. He believed it might thus be shown that the present depression of our trade hid proceeded to an extent never before parralleled. He was himself persuaded that while every former commer cial crisis of this country was but a temporary cessation of trade, the present crisis was attended with an alarm ing destruction of capital. The result of this would be that, even if trade should revive, they could not avail themselves of the change, inasmuch as the capital by which it was to be turned to account was every day dis appearing. He was sure that Sir R. Peel himself was fully sensible of the value of manufactures, as a main element of the national greatness ; and that appeared to him to be clear from the Right Hon. Baronet's speech of last night. He could even tell them that there wer e symptoms that Sir R. Peel was a convert to their opinions, whatever might be his power of carrying them out. He had but one further observation to make. It was most important, in his opinion, that some step should be taken to unfetter our commerce be fore Parliament was prorogued.—(Hear, hear.) If some sound system- of commercial policy were not immediately adopted it would come too late, because it would be impossible that any satisfactory arrange ments could be entered into either with America, or other countries, for the exchange' of our manufactures for their corn, unless the terms upon which these ar rangements could be made were immediately known. He mentioned this as a proof how necessary it was that they should make every effort to obtain some concession from Parliament before the prorogation took place. Mr. LEWIS, a delegate from Stroud, mentioned, as a proof of the deterioration of manufactured goods, that he had just seen a merchant in the City, who had pur chased some goods, and when asked by him the price at which they were bought, he replied that they would be cheap at a 11s. a yard ; but the gedtleman assured him that he had purchased them for 6s. a-yard.—(Hear.) Mr. Hmi WORTH, of Liverpool, read the following let ters, received from town missionaries in Liverpool, show ing the deep and wide spread distress of the people of that .City Copy of a Letter received from a Liverpool Town Mis sionary, dated July 18, 1842. The part of the town in which I labour is in Toxteth-park. There'are 'in my district about fifteen hundred poor families ; many of these are in the greatest distress. During the five years that I have laboured in the mission, there never were so many mechanics out of employment as at the present moment. There were rather more labourers out of work last winter than there are now; but the number of mechanics at present out of employment is very much greater than it was in the depth of winter. The trades that are suffering most from the want of work, are joiners, carpenters, sawyers, blacksmiths, and chains:takers ; some of these have been as much as nine months out of work, others only a few weeks. It is a very common thing for me, in my daily visits, to meet with families who have been for two days with ou t food. lam now speaking of decent families, who used to live comfortably, and who struggle even now to keep up a decent appearance. Po= verty has compelled them to part with nearly all their furniture and clothes, It is a very common thing for me to Lear such persons say—We have parted with our eight-day clock, or we have been obliged to sell eur beat bedstead, to get something to eat. It is very common in my district for mechanics, unable any longer to get work at their trade, to seek it as day-labourers. A sliipsmith, living in Ashton-street, told me the other day that he had walked to Argburth to get one day's work at digging potatoes. A carpenter's wife told me that her husband had not had one day's work at his trade during the last twelve months, but that he had lately succeeded in getting a little to do as warehouse porter. A blacksmith's wile told me that her hus , baud was gone to try to get a job of work at haymaking, for that he had done nothing at his trade for the last ten Months. I generally visit, from twelve to eighteen families every day. and never does a day pass without my meeting several out of work. On Friday last I visited no less than eight families where the men were out of work, and their wives and children were without. food. Within the last six months. many persons, both childen and adults, have died, whose illness was occasioned by want of food. The distress appears to be increasing every week, and what the end of these things will be God only knows. Liverpool, 'July 18, 1842. Sir,—Being desired to give a short account of the state of the poor in my district, I beg to state that I labour as your missionary on the east side of the town. The state of the poor in this neighbourhood - was extremely destitute during the last winter. I have scores of families on my list, who are reduced to the last degree of destitution; many of them are unable to walk for want of food, and had no prospect bat to remain at home and die on their beds of straw, till I re presented their condition to some benevolent gentlemen who came to see a few eases for themselves, and declared that they never should have believed that such a degree of misery ex isted in , Liverpool, had they not seen it themselves ; they thought my statements were'highly * collared till they witnessed the cases for themselves. These individuals relieved a great many from their own private resources, and I obtained relief for numbers from the public charities of the town. I expected, that when the season advanced, people might obtain employment, and that the distres s wo u ld b e di m i n i s h e d ; but, alas!' during the summer months, the wretchedness and destitution have increased in a great degree ; employment is more scarce, private resources and the public charities have become so exhausted, that they are unable to meet the de mands made upon them. I have been recommended to send the people to the parish office, which I have persevered in doing; but they almost in variably declare to me that having waited there for whole days successively, with empty stomachs, they have been dismissed without even being permitted to state their case. I have at present on my district men who, with large families dependent, have been for three, six, nine, and some twelve months without employment, and have pledged every available article they had for which they could get a penny for food. I have persons who attend at my meetings who have pledged and sold their coats from their backs, and their hats from their beads. • • • One man had pledged his coat and afterwards sold his hat for threepenee to get bread for his children, and yet these people continue to attend religious meetings, although they have now nothing but absolute starvation staring them in the face. I fear that if some change for the better be not speedily pro duced, some awful crisis is near at hand. I fear that 1 am not able in a few words to describe the misery that exists, but if any gentleman wishes to witness for himself some of these scenes of wretchedness, I shall willingly accompany him, that he may judge for himself. Yours, &c. TOWN MISSIONARY. [The name is.omitted lest it might injure the body of which he is a missionary.] Mr. O'CoNNELL, who was loudly and enthusiastically cheered, said he gladly availed himself of the permission to address them. It was not his intention to trespass upon their attention at any length. He knew that he had not the power to affiwd them any instruction, and he was sure that it would not give them any satisfaction that he should unnecessarily consume their time. He came there he should say, on his own behalf. He came there to express his decided opinion that it was the duty of every representative of the people, to give his counte nance, such as it might be, to their exertions, and his vote in favour of the plans which they had suggested.— (Hear, hear.) He had the honour to represent the largest constituency in Ireland—the Yorkshire of Ireland —an agricultural community in which, it might be said, there were no manufactures ; and yet, both he and his constituents were as anxious for an abolition of the Corn-laws as any of the gentlemen around him.— (Hear, hear.) He was exceedingly anxious for the suc cess of their patriotic attempts to put an end to all taxa tion upon human food. Among the means of accom plishing that object the people of Ireland had always eckoued the putting of Parliamentary representation upini a lager, and therefore sounder, basis. 'They had taken the liberty of suggesting that toto the members of the Conference ; but in doing so, they had not the slightest notion that they would be considered presump tuous in offering their advice, and they had not the least 'idea of annexing any condition to giving them their assistance. He wits not there conditionally. He was there absolutely.—(Hear, hear.) He was there, therefore, unequivocally to support their measures ; but thOse measures he would tell them could never be carried into effect unless their moral power was increased. How were they to persuade the landowners ? They might remember the anecdote of an old Scotch Member, who said, in-times-gone by ; that.he had-heard many a speech. in the House of Commons that changed his opinions, but he had never heard a speech that canged his vote,— (Hear, and a laugh.) They might convince the landlord as long as they pleased, but the sound of their pantaloon pockets would carry their votes. The prospects of the country were lamentable. On the one hand the people wsre starving, and on the other hand the landlord class were obdurate and unfeeling. He had been blamed for calling them a sordid aristocracy; but he wanted to know what else they were ? He had no hesitation in saying that those who took their bread out of the mouths of the famishing were but a sordid aristocracy.—(Hear.) It was a frightful prospect. On the one hand, one class could not get employment or wages ; on the other, the landlords insisted that they should give their price for their corn. If the principle were applied to trade in a town, John Bull could insist upon setting up a rival shop,—(Hear, hear.) It had been said that the aristo cracy did not belieye in the distress ; he should probably have to insinuate to-night, that they did not believe it. There was one being, the enemy of mankind, who " be lieved and trembled ;" the . aristocracy, believed also, but ' they 'did not irereble yet. Ile hoped they might not be in peril, but it was their duty to act as if they were so; and endeavour to secure their safety, in spite of them-, selves. It was not the aristocracy who resisted the tyranny of Charles, and broke down the monopolies of the trade of that day, which confined it entirely to thpse who had Court interest ; it was the middle classes, and, they were that middle class now, with the advantage of being more powerful than at that time, for political in formation had descended to the operative class ; they were a thinking class, and, alas now a suffering class also; and it was nece ssar y th a t, in spite of the aristo cracy, that class should have the means of subsistence. Ile was afraid to indulge himself in saying what extent, of peril the aristocracy was in.. He had been taunted' with a wish to effect that which he prophesied • this was the common case ; those wh o t o ld o th ers o f ;heir dan ger, were accused of creating what_ they only foretold. Their danger was created by themselves. What had occurred this week with regard to bonded corn ? —(Bear, hear, hear.) It had been proposed to take a certain- quantity •of corn out of bend, only 'on condition that other corn should be put in place of it. /wentp.igue-oggacious - kuld-lwideo pi,sl titur could • consent to it ;. that frauds would take place ; that in spiae of their bolts and leeks', frauds w'oliti earninitttd: What did they fraud 'WhY t the podr train might get an additional biscuit or a penny. It appeared to hith insanity ; the greater, for what they , heard lest night. Peel made a most artful speech, as When did he not ? Only whea it was not the interest of his party to do so. He told them not to suppose that he had dis tinct hopes of amelioration, but he said here is the GiZe i here is the Manchester Gnarclian— papers op posed to my party, I do not. read theta to excite hopes. Oh no 1 Bub his party had all the benefit of the inference, without his running the hazard of the assertion. He spoke of the increase of the consumption of ' sugar during the past year, but the people would consume a thousand times as much, if it were Tr ee o f d u ty. Another part of his speech showed great oratorical talent. He admitted repeatedly that distress existed in different localities. he did not attempt to say that it was confined Co those localities; but h" - repeatedly dwelt on its partial and local nature, and though he had not the resolution to deny that the • distress was general, yet his party had the benefit of the suggestion. That was why the aristocracy were hardened to their complaints. They still believed there was a glimmering of hope. Peel said, give my tariff a fair experiment : but while he made the experiment, the people were starving—starvation could not postponed. He feared the interval between this and the next session ; it must increase the distress, and even if it did not grow worse, ought they to remain as they were ? Grow worse it must, in consequence of the change in the temperature, which would require more material to keep life in the human being. He really shuddered at the prospect be fore them ; he shuddered most of all to think that those classes of ',the' community who were circled by luxury, ho were " clothed in purple and fine linen," who en joyed every delight that the world could give them, had no feeling for the famished father, the starving mother, and.the•pining child.L--(Hear, hear.) At all events they would have acted their parts ; they would have freed their souls, and done all they could to avert these calami ties. They talked of the dis tressed districts being disturbed by agitators; there never was a change proposed by any one but he was called all that and worse ; it was their hire and salary ; and the man was not fit to lead a move ment of the people who 'could not bear that, and ten times as much. The pertinacity of the Anti-Corn-law League delighted him. They were bound to continue ; the metropolis had not assisted them as it ought—(Hear, hear)—it was not to be wondered at. All the wealth of the world.was congregated in the west-end of London, and it was one of the worst symptoms for a nation when the wealth was concentrated in the hands of a few in the midst of a distressed population. The distress was uni versal ; he 'could answer for its existence in Ireland though it was not so conspicuous, from there being ,just enough provisions in different localities to keep away absolute famine. In other districts provisions were also cheap, but if bread were a penny a pound it would be useless where the people had not a halfpenny to purchase it. Ire land, therefore, had an interest in their strife; it was to feed , those operatives of that country who had been many years settled among them, who had no settlement here, and many of whom had rather die than be sent back to the misery they mist experience in Ireland. They were, therefore, interested in assisting them, and would be equally ready even if they had not that interest in so doing. If the League was compelled to adjourn over the session, he would state that there was no legal, peaceable, or constitutional act which the Irish people were not prepared to do to assist them.—(Cheers.) So far as the voice of the people could assist them, they might command them, and he only regretted that they could not serve them more effectually. It was the cause of humanity, charity, and social order, for social order could not exist w ith a t o t a l want of employment and want of wages. The higher classes, might be secure for a time, but the evils that rankled the heart within the skilful workman, and brought down the genius capable of every invention mechanical science gave scope to, .which dulled the eye and stupified the mind, had an unfortunate up-rising quality ; like the flame of destruction, the fire might glow more intensely below, but at last it would mount to the highest summit. They were bound to continue to act in behalf of humanity, and if they did, the sordid aristocracy would at last yield to their efforts.—(Cheers.) Mr. .:ware rose to give in his adherence to the course marked out by the Right Hon. Gentleman.— (Mr. O'Connell : I accept the title, for the people gave it They must stand by the people of Ireland, and they will stand by us. It was good, when the popular ferment began, that intellect and common sense should put itself at its head, and if the aristocracy had raised a commotion, it was right that some power should' "ride the whirlwind and direct the storm." And who could better do this than the sound and influential Middle classes of England ?. Their creed was safety; and safety consisted in wholesome agitation, for if they sank ,to sleep that slumber would be the slumber of death, It was their duty to carry on the wholesome agi tatien they had commenced, on the same principle as the agitation of the ' elements prevented disease and cor ruption. If they were temperate and persevering it would be impossible for Peel, or the country gentlemen, or the aristocracy, or the parsons either, to prevail against them. , . — A vote of thanks was proposed to Mr. O'Connell, Mr. Ewart, and Mr. Hume, for their services in the cause, which was carried by acclamation, and briefly acknow ledged by Mr. O'Connell and Mr. Ewart. The CHAIRMAN said, that the meeting at its rising would adjourn till Monday. B-fore they separated he would read the following letter from Nottingham, which might be taken, in some degree, as an answer to the statement of Mr. Gaily Knight, that Nottingham was not so distressed as it had been represi.nted to be : Nottingham, London Road, July 19, 1842. The amount of distress in this neighbourhood is dreadful in deed, and it is increasing ; the last two or three weeks were worse than any that preceded them, and the expectation of every one here is, that the coming weeks will be worse still, and that the winter will be terrific. Being myself chairman of the Stoney-street Benevolent Society, and having about 400 weekly customers in business, no one has better opportu nities of knowing the state and sentiments of the working classes, and I am quite confident that the opinion expressed above is true. If you ask "can the people exist •through the winter without bread ?" in answer, I beg leave to say that I have already sees the poor suffer so tremendously in this neighbourhood that I cannot tell where' the limit to their endurance is. The feeling amongst the better disposed of those that suffer is, without exception, this —that God Almighty has sent plenty f or them, but that the wickedness of man prevents them from receiving it. The prevailing sentiment amongst another, and very numerous class, is that of most bitter execration of those whO, they say, have made laws to rob them of all that makes life desirable. . I am of opinion that it is the collateral induenee of religion and religionists that is'a principal cause of our having had no violence here. From information that I can fully rely upon, I 'am convinced that the working classes of Nottingham, Derby, Mansfield, Leicester, Hinckley, and Loughborou g h. are muc h worse off now - than they have ever been in the recollection of any individual living—that their condition is becoming worse and worse every day—and, in fact, that it has changed for the worse permahently. If the unemployed here were to be guilty of outrage, they would be more pitied than execrated by the inhabitants in ge neral. They are all getting to be of opinion that " the world is rot their friend, nor the world's law." I could send you numbers of descriptions of instances of ex treme suffering, and also of the use of very violent language, and many instances have corns under my own observation in which disease and death have been the consequences of want. The unemployed are now going about begging in parties of IS to 200 or 300, using language that is very near demanding. The Conference then adjourned till Monday. petted to hear all the di-'r sses se' the eoloar , attseav el I to IN, fire* r.) ee- a h a te t~i ink the. Htliedurible Usettlemert W ha , big I,toit,,a hi s censure to the direction of tht.: . roi„igitt cl. par'ttil, rife lie would meet his assertion by a coulitei aeeeethet • The Honourable Gentleman, without any proof whateeeie had asserted that the diplomatic policy of the late Go vernment Was edeefed to the commercial interests of the country. He (Visetliitit Palmeteten) said, on the con teerse that that policy was embietitly feteotteable to the eonimercial interests of this country. 'hide &fee wets aft thiffiblisteation which, in the same space of time, dee voted more attentititi with more success to the commer cial interest of the country theft did the administration which conducted affairs from 1831 to 1,441. He would meet the Hon. Gentleman on one point, which he fled placed in isettei He had accused the late Govern ment of having omitted to conclude certain cmnmen ' cial treaties, whice he said might hoe been concluded. He evidently thought that the attention of a Otreern nient to commercial affairs might be measured' by the number of commercial treaties which it concluded. Now, there were at present existing between this country and other countries about 33 commercial treaties of one kind or other. Seventeen of those were concluded before 1831, and fifteen by the late Government. If they might be allowed to claim part of the credit of the late treaty with Portugal, which the Right Hon. Baronet announced to have been concluded after long-pending negotiations, then very nearly one-half of the commercial treaties now in existence were either concluded in the time of the late Government, or were the result of negotiations carried on by them.—(Cheers.) But the Hon. Gentleman ob jected that they had not succeeded in a special one with France. He said the failure was the fault of the late Government—that they might have concluded a com mercial arrangement with France, but that they declined. The Hon. Member was misinformed. There never was a moment at which the Government, taking all matters into consideration, could have concluded any other commercial arrangement with France as one which they thought advan tageous to this country. The Hon. Member doubted what _he.(Viscount Palmerston) had stated of the indisposition of public . men, and of the public mind in France, to the commercial interests of this country—especially- what he had stated generally, without mentioning particulars with regard to a communication made to this Govern ment five years ago on the part of Count Mole, then Minister of France. He would now state to the Hon. Member and to the House the nature Of that communi cation, and leave them to judge of the spirit of com mercial jealousy of England which it manifested. There was then a negotiation on foot with Spain respecting a commercial treaty. This country was on the best terms with France, and at such a time the French Am bassador, by command of Count Mole, communi cated to her Majesty's Government a despatch writtea by Count Mole, of which he would now mention the substance. It stated that . the French Govern ment had heard that . England was negotiating with Spain for a commercial treaty ; that they deemed it con sistent with that frankness which belonged to the friendly relations of the two countries, to state fairly that whatever influence France could exert should be exerted to prevent.a conclusion of the treaty. It was quite true that Count Mole said that England wanted only to be put on a footing of equality with other countries, but such was her skill, such was her capital, and such was the enterprise of British commerce, that whenever England met France in any other country, in foreign markets on a footing of nominal equality, she was felt to be on a footing of real superiority, and there fcre France felt justified in exerting all the influence she possessed in Spain, or in any other country, except Pim tugal, to prevent commercial treaties from being con cluded with England.—(Loud cries of " Hear, hear.") That was the official communication made to hiM (Vis count Palmerston). It was made in a fair, open, straight forward manner, and it did honour to the French Government, when they entertained those sentiments. to declare them. But this would prove to the House what would have been the difficulties of a com mercial treaty with France. If the failure in that. treaty were owing to the late Government, how did it happen that the present Government had been ten months with out effecting it ? They had entered into office express mile the most friendly sentiments towards France, and he (Viscount Palmerston) was quite satisfied, entertaining them ; but so far from being able to make a commercial arrangement with France, they had been met by a new ordinance, extremely hostile to British commeree— (Hear, hear)— and by a treaty between France and Bel gium, which extended still further the obstructions which the French ordinance was calculated to produce. The Hon. Member stated that the late Government could not conclude a treaty with Spain. The reason was easily explained. The same local and partial interests, which prevented commercial improvements in this country, existed also in Spain. With respect to the treaties with Austria and Turkey in 1838, the Honourable Member* was much mistaken in supposing that they were not productive of con siderable advantage to the commerce of this country. The Honourable Gentleman said it was the fault of the late Government that the Prussian union was formed, and that we ought to have formed a commercial union with Austria or South Germany. A commercial union with South Germany! They might as well look to form ing a commercial union between this globe and the moon. —(Laughter.) • The Hon. Member for Shrewsbury seemed not to understand exactly what the Prussian commercial union was. It was a union of several small States whose frontiers touched, by which they acrreed to abolsh custom-houses along the common frontier lines, and to make the external circumference the frontier of the whole. By this arrangement goods pas s i ng o ver any Of the internal frontiers paid no more duty than if they continued in the same State. The Prussian union ought to be regarded in two points of view—first, as having destroyed all the internal partitions which used to impede the passage of .goods through the Countries that belonged to it , and next in rela tion to the tariff which the aggregate union might adopt .v th regard to foreign Powers. Se far from that union being, in the first point of view, hostile to this or any other country, the aggregation of so many email Stat e s was highly. advantageous on commercial grounds to other countries, provided the general tariff was not too high. But the German Union had adopted the Prussian etriff. —(Hear, hear.) And why heti the Prussian tariff been directed against British commodities? Because this Go vernment could not reduce the high duties on Prussian produce.—(Cheers.) It was owing to the maintenance of our high duties on timber and corn that a high tariff now existed against us in Prussia. If that .tariff could be lowered, then the Union, instead of being an impediment' to trade, would he exceedingly good for this country.— (Hear.) With respect to the flea. Gentleman's suggestion of making a commercial tinier: with South Germany, ha thought, now that he had explained the nature of such a union, the Hon. Gentleman would see its absurdity, if, indeed, he had not misunderstood the proposition which the Honourable Member advocated. But it was not with Germany alone that our laws were in eitcway. Sweden would afford most important markets for our woollen and other manufactures, but when we proposed facilities, they at once said we must lower our duties on. their timber.--(flcar.) Thus we were at a deal lock.— (Hear, hear.) Were they then to be told that time (so • vernment had at that period attempted to make no com mercial improvement in their situation ? Had they not, he asked, proposed a reduction in the amount of duties upon foreign timber ?—(Eltrir, hear.) Hid they not done so. and, doing so, had they not been beaten ? (Hear, hear.) The late Government hail enoul it en pessible to carry their proposition ; but then those who had objected to it came round so far as to adopt it.— (Hear.) If there had been a great reduction in the amount of the timber duties, at the period that he spoke of, the result would have been a great improvement in their commercial intercourse with Prussia.—(Thar.) The Right Hon. Baronet who spoke last had taunted his Hon. Friend near him with inconsistency, for having, as he said, in the one breath boasted of the part which he had taken in carrying the tariff, and yet disparaging the merits of that tariff. Now it did not appear to him that there was inconsistency in the course of argument that had been followed. They had never disparaged the tariff. They never had done so ; on the other hand, they had admitted the value that wits to be attached to it. They had always stated that the tariff was founded on sound principles—that it was a step—and that, for a first step, it was a great step in point of principle ; but then trey had always declared that it fell far short of those results which its principles, if carried out, would lead to.—(Chears.) They looked upon it as an instalment, but by no means as the full accomplishment of the views of those who had brought it forward.--s..(Hear, hear.) That they had assisted the Government, no man who looked to the result of the divisions could with jus tice deny. Nobody, he said, could deny this, particu larly he who remembered the remarkable division with respect to cattle. When the head of the Government proposed. the Income-tax, he declared that those who paid the Income-tax would save the amount of that tax by the cheapness of provisions ; and more especially by the admission of foreign cattle.—(Hear, hear.) But, then, When his tariff came to be proposed, country gen tlemen were requested not to be alarmed, as the diminu tion in the price of cattle would produce no visible effects upon the amount of rent, which they derived from that source. Nov, it was not at all unnatural that the sup porters of the Government should have united themselves, when they thought their interests were affected, fir the purpose of opposing the tariff, and if the Members of the Opposition had pursued such a line as had been followed. by their s dversaries, when the timber ditties had been pro posedi ast year—if they had contented themselves with acting the same part—if they had hail recourse to a tech nical point of objection—if they hail satisfied themselves with declaring that they agreed to the general principle, but :that they thought this. wee an insignificant measure, and that it was only trifling with a great principle—that it was a matter of no great importance, from the manner in which it was propoSed—and that what was intended to be done could effect no ineteriel dinaimition in the price—if , they, 'he said,. had hail receurse to such a cou rse lie that—if they, as an Opposition, had availed themselves of the assistance of others; as their adverse. ies did of the shipping interest to oppose the timber duties, then it must be perfectly evident that the tariffnev r could have passed into law.—(Cheers.) But then the Right Hon. Baronet had expressed his wonder of the manner in which lie spoke of the Income-tax, and as , 0 its being one which was not required by the necessities of the counsry. On what did the Right Hmi. Baronet e:round his necessity fit that'eae? Why, he spoke of a clelicietv•y of two ini , ll , .!ts and a half at home, and a deficieney of two millions ;mod a half in India. Now, as to the deficiency in India, it was net to be expected that it wiluld have been made the gie tumid for an Income-tax,whenit was known that the Government would not take that deficiency upon themselves —that the deficiency must fall upon the Indian revenue, and that it was well able to bear it, and also that no part of the Income-tax was to be applied to that purpose. Let them, then, throw aside, as not belonging to the ques tion, the deficieney, on the Indian revenue. As to their own revenue, the - deficiency was two millions and a half. , - Such was their e deficiency in fact ; but then it was only fair to say, that it Was so much increased by means of , lalAiSellsealill l l4itieses Thvse uullttitl poyulciet4.llYeut to I PETITION FROM HE CONFERENCE. Presented and read to the House by C. P. Villiers, Esq , on Thursday Evening. " That the long-protracted distress of this nation is gene rally increasing, and has become intolerable. That without an immediate change in the policy of the Legislature there is no hope of a restoration of public prosperity. The disruption of the very elements of society is threatened, the stability and good order of the State are hastening to an end. The indus trious classes are starving, and your laws prevent them from earning bread. We call upon your House instantly to abolish all monopolies which interfere with the rights of labour, and to take means that you shall not separate until the Corn-laws be entirely repealed; and, while we deliberately declare our belief that the remedy for the existing distress is within the powers of Parliament, we hereby record our solemn warning that the minsequences of • rejecting the application of that re medy will be at the door of your Honourable House. " And your petitioners will ever pray," &c. DISTRESS IN THE COUNTRY. The following is a more lengthened report of Lord Pahnerston's speech than appeared its our Morning Edi tion of yesterday c--' Viscount ,PALMERSTON . said that certainly no thing, so far, could be more satisfactory to that side of the House than the debateif debate it could be called— of that evening, the arguments having been all on that side; while on the opposite. benches there had been no thing but " the agreeable silence of a friend." to use the phrase of a well-known diplomatist. Certainly the Right Hon. Gentleman ,had not, from among his sup porters that eVening, been troubled with any of those oratorical displays, which were to him matters of such horror when perpetrated by unfortunate leaders of depu tations.—(Hear,- hear.) He (Viscount Palmerston), however, found no fault with Hon. Gentlemen opposite for their silence.. There was. an old saying, and a very good one, " When you have nothing to say, say nothing" —(Hear, hear)—and acting upon this principle Hon. Gentlemen oppnsite, 'being unprovided with arguments to meet the. arguments of Ron. GentlemenmemberofonrhiNs o(rVis- Count Palmerston's) side - of the Ho use , had shown a very sound' discretion to preierVing an 'almost unbroken silence.--(Hear, hear.) : olk afforded an exception, for, he had said a few words ; and another exception had .been the Hon. Member for Shrewsbury, the greater part of whose speech, however, turned upon -foreign affairs, and hail nothing what ever to do with the matter in hand.—(Hear, hear). That Honourable Gentleman had one fixed idea ; whatever happened wrong : to' the country, whether at home or abroad, 'whether commercial cfrhittitnry; it was all the fink of the dipkimicy of the late Government, a diple- Macy which he had now characterized, by an expression which it was sotne what.ditficult to understand, namely, .anti-commercial diplomacy.—(A laugh.) The Honour able Gentleman seemed to think that the Congress itswin bled at' Vienna assembled to settle tariff's. lie (Viscount Palmerston) should like to see the surprise with which the distinguished statesmen, who were parties to that Congress, and who thought they were arranging the poli tical affairs of Europe, Is otild have received the censure with which the Honourable Menilh.r for Slinmsbury had visited that transaction: There was one exception to. sho t Hon.. Gentleinan!s.censure—the was of Mr. _Canning: _Mr. Canning called into existence, the Honourable •Gentleman said, or Mr. Canning boasted that he called into existence, a new market, and his had been indeed a commercial diplomacy. He (Viscount Palmerston) fancied that Mr. Canning's boast was to haVe called the new world into existence, to restore the. balance 'of 'the old. It was political' and.net merely commercial measures which Mr. Canning . ,rule 4 Himself on having ‘ achieved.' As the Honourable eilltfci wentriliiiei'stOnYliiit C f q. Si 0 110; ItLY • t 1: r'.•,L to be 01 , b,•11 ativ..iiii,e;o to. i! , op rill t • I U ~~ .1: ,01111/1 Mernityrs. opposite tiii i tea venture 0) trench upon it— he referred to the reduction on p istege.—(Hear, hetes) He de'rtietl, then, that the deficiency was so great as to ittipose nom the Government the necessity of having recourse to' the Income-tax. They (tilt late Government) foul prnpired fast year measures, which, without eniailing fresh burdens I,pin the lemitittinity, but, on the contrary, by relieving the bur demi Of the people, would have opened fresh channels for commerce-- , weliki not only have supplied the deficiency that then existed, bat also have prevented in a great de -1 tree that extent of distress, %thief, they were now de fThwing.—(Cheers.) Seeing this, he said that the defined mode fdf the Income-tax, must break down.—(Hear.) With regard theft te what the Right Hem Baronet had said on another point, bet must say that he entirely • agreed with the Right- gift: Baronet, that grievous as the present state of the country was, afflicting, as no doubt there was, much that was to be seen in these manufacturiag districts, still he would net feel desponding as to the ultimate fortunes of the country, for he believed that they had still within them the re seetrcee sufficient to repair their disasters, and to afford the means of increasing prosperity.—(Hear, hear.) The Bight Hon. Baronet had, in touching upon this point, treated of the progress and increasing commerce of the country. The Right Hon. Baronet had shown that during the period that. they (the late Go vernment) had held office—that during the• period of their Administration there had been a great increase to their trade—and that, as far as their actual exports were concerned, there had been an increase from the year 1831 to the year 1841, of from 37,000,0001. to 51,000,0001-; that there had been an increase during that period of not less than 14,000,0001. Though he•did not agree with the Right Hon. Baronet in his details as to the increase of the consumption of sugar, which he thought had rather fallen off, proportion to the increase of the population, yet still he was quite ready to admit that there,had been a great increase iu the, num ber of persons, an increase in the investment of capital, an increase in commerce, an increase in ma nufactures--call proving that this country had vola tility, that it had the power of life, and that it only re quired due wisdom in the , Government to enable the people and the country to go oil in a career of great and • increasing prosperity.—(Cheers.) But then, he said, to accomplish that purpose they must remove those ob structions which. now checki , d and contracted their energies t for they could •not increase their commerce with their present restrictive laws,—(Cheers.) As to the address of his Ron. Friend, whatever might be the technical objections to It on ordinary occasions, stil', in the present peculiar crisis, he thought that there would be no objection to it ; not, he Suit), as .binding the Go vernment—for the Government had nut by their expres sions shown the indisposition to r--consider the question — not, he said, on their account,but on account of the country; because it would afford a hope to those who were now de , spending;, and it might cheer the feelings of these who now might regard their ease se hopelesS. Itwas an this account — it was as, shoeing that the House felt for the distresses of the country—it was on this account, he was disposed to waive that objection which, on other occasions, he might 'feel RS to the form of the motion, and agree to the address which his Hon. Friertil proposed. But (con tinued the Nettle Lord) the Right Hun. Baronet says it would he injurious in its consuquenctl, if this motion was acceded to. How injurious The result of the tariff must be to suspend the operations of trade and commerce on Mani' articles which it touches. Did not the Right Hon. Baronet. himself achnit, in the discussion on that measure, that the postponement of the reducti, n of the duty on timber must prevent a great deal of that employment which would •he otherwise elven to the people in buildings, and all those undertakings into which timber so largely enters ? • Undoubtedly it does. "Bat," says the flight Honourable Baronet, "Parliament is to meet again in November," (though I do not think my Hon. Friend contemplates so late a meeting) I should. think October is the period which he has fixed upon.—(Hear, hear, from Mr. Duncombe.) Sir JAMES GRAHAM—And give less "pheasant shooting ?"—(Loud cheers and laughter.) Lord PALMERSTON—Yes, I really hope so. I have sufficient experience in office to knew that the members of the Goverment will have butt little time for, pheasant shooting ; but I can assure the Right Htmourable Baronet that we would cheerfully sacrifice that pastime if the Government are prepared to sacrifice the objectionable Corn-laws.—(Much cheering.) But, says the. Right Hon. Baronet, " who would let out the bonded corn ?" Why, I will tell him. The Govern meheyvill let it out.—(Cheers.) They told as much themselves. In a former debate they let out the secret. You told us if the distress lasted, it was. not in the legis lative power to remedy it, but.you announced that on your own responsibility, like bold men as you are, you would let out the bonded corn. Now, I venture to pre dict, if you do not meet Parliament before November, you will have to let out the bonded corn.—(Loud cheers from the Opposition.) Lord STANLEY—Mind, you have predicted. Viscount PALMERSTON—And yau hope from this single change a remedy for the distress. That single act of letting out the bonded corn you rely upon as a means of meeting an emergency not caused by famine, which does not exist, but by that want of employment which has rendered thousands of your people unable to buy corn because their wages do not enable them to pro cure it, or rather, 13.-cause they have not such wages as in a different state of things they might c.iminand.— (Cheers.) Sir, I invoke to my aid the principle laid down distinctly (and '1 rejiticed to hear it), by the Vice-Presi dent of the Board of Trade. That Right Hon. Gentleman (the House was thin at the time, and many could not have heard him) last night recommended the measure which he proposed=a small one to be surte•—a plan for ex changing a little flour fora little biscuit in bond, the ....hole amount, I believe, not including more than 100,000 quarters of corn within the year —by the enunciation of a principle, of which I beg the House to take notice, as the Noble Member for North Lancashire has taken so marked a notice of my prediction. Whether my pre diction is verified or not is of little moment. I hope it will fail, because in such ease the distresS must diminish. •But, I trust the principle I quote, under the sanction of the Vice-President A* Ile, Board of 'l,:rade, will not fail. And what is that principle ? The Right Honourable Gentleman said : "I recommend the measure for this reason—it will give additional employment to latiour— it will give a fresh opening to commerce—it will give your manufacturers the means of exchanging the pro duce of their labour for the productions of the labour of corn-growing countries."—(clear, hear.) And he added, " There is this partioular advantage in the measure, that it is not of tempiritr v opera tien—t hatit is not an isolated facility and monentary advantage given to commerce, but It is a permanent measure ; one' that lays the foundation of a steady, firm, and permanent increase to our commerce, by the exchange of the pro duce of our manufacturing industry for the food grown by other countries."—(Criesaif ". Hear, hear.") Now, Sir, that, is the principle which we have it.! along con tended foe, not in opposition to " oratoric.d but against silent am! unwilling helrer , —(Cneers)— hearers, Sir, whom we have nit coavinetei—hearers whom I am afraid we .never shall coevitice, but hearers who may be convinced when the same doctrines are not only broached by those whom they respect and follow, but when measures founded on those doctrines, in their largest and most comprehensive sense, shall be proposed by their leaders to this Ho.tse, and when those leaders, going out into the lobby,. followed by their nominal ad versaries, shal! triumph in the success of that principle against their own supporters, and through the honour able and independent support of those who had hitherto opposed them.(Loud and continued cheering.) EXCHEQUER-BILLS PRE PA RATION. A Bill under this title has just been brought into the House of Commons by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, " for further regulating the preparation and issue of Exchequer-bills." The fit st clause of this Bill vests the appointment of the As sistant-Controller of the Exchequer in the hands of three or more of the Commissioners of her Majesty's Treasury, and enacts that the Assistant-Controller shall not be capable of holding his office at the same time, or together with, aoy other office under the Crown, or under any officer appointed by the Crown. The appointment of the chief and subordinate clerks is likewise vested in three Commissioners of the Treasury. 1 he third clause repeals that portion of the Act 48th George 111., cap. 1, which enacts that all payments of principal sums or interest, &c., to be made on account of Excftequer-bill. by the Payivaster, Controller. or other officer shall he made at „an office to be kept in or near the receipt of the Exchequer at Westminster. - The fourth clause renders it imperative for all future Ex chequer-bills to be signed by the , Controller or the Assistant- Controller in his own name. _ _ The fifth clause enacts that, for a space of three calendar months next after any vacancy of the office of Controller- General shall have occurred, it shall be lawful for the Assistant- Controller to sign Exchequer-bills in his o'cn name as Assis tant• Controller, and to do all other things which belong to the office of Assistant-Controller, as fully as if the office of Con troller-General were not vacant. The sixth clause enacts that two counterfoils shall be made to every Exchequer-bill issued atter the passing of this Act, one of them to remain in the custody ot the Controller-General, and not to be delivered for the use er in'o the custody of any Paymaster of Exchequer-bils, unless by special direction of the Commissioners of her Majesty's Treasury. The seven'h clause provides for the manufacture of paper, instruments, and machinery for the making of Exchequer-hills, by the Commissioners of Excise, or such persons as the Com missioners of her Majesty's Treasury shall direct. The eighth and ninth clauses contain provisions relative to the contracts for such paper, &c. The tenth clause enacts that all p-rsons who shall manufac ture or use paper, plates, or dies, similar to those tped for Exchequer-bills, &c., shill be guilty of felony ; and the eleventh enacts that persons having unlawful po•session of any paper manufactured for the purpose of being used as Exchequer hills, before such paper shall have been duly stamped signed, and issued, for public use, shall for every offence be guilty ot a mi-demeanour, and shall be liable to imprisonment for any period not exceeding six calendar months. LAUNCH OF 'THE QU::EN AT BLACKWALL.—The launch of .he 'slueen East Jiirliaman was announced to take pbsee on Thursday from the dockyard a' Blackwell, arid at an early hour many naval officers of high rank assembled to wit ness it., while the craft in the riv.•r weave &mist covered with spectators. Nearly every vessel within a considerable distance of the dock was adorned with flags. The hand of the 73d He giorent. from Woolwich, was the ground, awn iwrformed in admirable mater several of he most f ,rourite pieces r.f mu•IC of the day. At one o'cl''ck the Iron. Abs. Stopt rl, rl ughter of Admit al Sir Ho .ert St word, in the usual manner named the vessel the " Queen," after which the bolts were removed, and the noble ship plunged gracefully into the Thames. There were at the time she entered the water upwards of 500 persons upon the decks. The vessel is 195 feet 5 inches in length, 39 feet 9 inches in width, and between decks, of which there are three, 6 feet 11 inches. She is pierce& for 54 guts, and is built in such a manner that a very short time would suffi,* to convert her from a merchantman into a man-of-war. not omit ting accommodation for troops, &c. The most distinguished vis.tors were enterained by the builders. Messrs. Wigram and Green, with a sumptuous &fewer, after which the whole of the ewalhul oepft3tal. ' • 2,:orEvAAi PARI • HOUSE Their Lords•.ips URA at Five : o'Cioek, Earl . ti f t Shaftesbury sitting on the 1% . ool.stiek, in the place,o l :, Lord Chancellor, who was prevented from attending illness. A Messenger froin the Commons brought up the Sp Australia Bill, and other Bills, which were severs ti rood it first tune. SUDBURY DISFRANCHISEbLENT. Lord CAMPBELL gave notice, that on Monday would move that it be a standing order of' this lion' t that no Counsel be heard for or against any Bill pen dii ) in this House, who is a Member of the other Hous e Parliament. tithe arquis of CLANRICARDE postponed to Yon: day second reading of the Sudbury Distranclai3' meta Bill. MINES AND COLLIERIES BILL. Lord SKELMERSDALE gave notice that on ", e / next stage •of the Mines and Collieries Bill, be shoo move that women of mature age who had been sal!, touted to work in mines and collieries should be all oV " to continue in that employment if they chose. DISTRESS OF THE COUNTRY. The Earl of 'RADNOR said that as the disti, of the . country was_ going on at ,an rate of increase, and threatened to lead to ve riirigh l results. He wished to ask the Noble Lord, the F.re; sident of the Council, what grounds he had for WI that there was reason to hope that the country Ole soon right itself, and that the distress would be ahtii e The Noble Earl concluded by moving for several,rep; turns relating•to the importation of corn and pro visi° under the new tariff. ree3 •te Lord WHARNCLIFFE said that heacould p e i , symptoms of improvement going on in the prese nt Stl e of things, and he believed that if it had nut been for 10 0 , agitation which was still kept up, the law would b operated to the advantage of the country. 1 / 4 . it was seen that the Government had the ness and the power to resist the demand on them for a further alteration of the ' ll , O the change _which they had ..already Al so would not have fair play. The agitation p r eventea coming fairly into operation, and but for that it o on u have by this time done great good, and he was vinced that it would do great good. a to ) The Marquis of ULANRICARDE would be gl a „ft know what the Noble Baron (the President 01 :, du Council) meant by saying that the Bill wool do great good. ,-7. time people thought that a Bill •1•40ni„ good which kept up prices, and other s which would o'si, them down. He wish. d to know in which send Noble Baron promised the country that his Bill do good?—(Hetit, hear, and laughter.) , I Lord IiAIiNCLIFFE—What I said was, th s :d thought the Bill would do good, by kteping steady. —(Chi era, and counter cheering.) The Earl t,f RADNOR said he co Id not undero,:ir on what grounds it was pretended that tole of the Coin-law question prevented the inel.t measure trout coming into operation.—t If the law would allow corn to co nte m i it would have come in, for there could be no doubt the people wanted it —(Hear.). - LXW OF ARREST. Lord BROUGHAM brought in a Bill for the of arrest in executiom. The Bill wits 'ranted with a vie' ' relax the severity of the present, and at the same tiT" l .,4 give creditors greater facility for obtaining pos se ' t o of the property of debtors, or rather of their ownp perty in the hands of their debtors. Another obi t b ' the Bill was to protect from oppression honest its, who made a fair and fell surrender of their pr"l",ici' Ill s Lordship likewise laid on the table a Bill for wi ng voluntary arrangements between debtors creditors. • 0 0 Lord COTTENHAM hoped that his Noble Fri.efor, Bill wou ld not prevent theta from eventually ed°PcileV, the wuler course of abolishing' imprisonment for altogether. MESSAGE FRO •11 THE COMMONS. ~ oP A Messenger ft om the Howse of Commons broug"."o4 th.- Customs Act Amendment Bill, and several Po THE COUNTY COURTS BILL AND 0-- AS RUPTCY LAW AMENDMENT BILL. or These Bills passed through Committee and wer e dared to he read a third time on Monday. MINES AND COLLIERIES BILL. foto Lord WHARNCLIFFE presented a petition some place in Yorkshire against this Bill. oil The 'Marquis of NORMANBY took this oprftuol of explaining his views upon this Bill. li e C O'• convinced that - the 'Whole of the evidenc e A iS lected by the Commons had been colleen f or a very praiseworthy manner, with very lite' zeal, and with every attention to correctness 1113 ,,ti0 0 'partiality. Great pains had been taken:in.the 5e1,7014 of the Commissioners, and he hoped that the B il l ot, pass their Lordship's House without any impeflin bio The Marquis of LONDONDERRY reyea' opinion that the evidence was not to be relied on. „oh The Earl of DEVON thought that there w in the documents before the House to justify theil' ono sea ships in passing the enactments, which he had r in the Bill which he had supported. e ll °l Lord CAMPBELL said that as the petit ion Prlt. until a grant of money, the House could not receiv e such grant had the sanction of the Crown. , . 000 ditl Lord WHARNCLIFFE said that the pet'' o f the not directly ask for a grant, but put that P ore ' Ol prayer hypothetically. The petition said n o alit =5lO that if their Lordships passed the Bill, they ° 111,, ,id be to provide for compensation to those who w 0" injured by it. SOUTH AUSTRALIA. Several Bills on the table were advanced a Ftaget g od the South Australia Bill was read a second ti me, ordered Houb to e committed on ond. The se then adjournedM till t o-morrow (SaturcW ) at twelve o'clock. HOUSE OF CO.II3IOIVS, July 22. The SPEAKER took the Chair at Four o'Clocke i . ed iol Dr. BO vi RING presented a petition from the el prectitioners of Bolton, praying that no new chartertip be granted to the College of Physicians till the _ question was hr night before the House. 4 ..eat Mr. PARKER presented a petition , praying ee 0 1V metropolitan bridges might be opened to the pub.lic,', bf free. Mr. S. CRAWFORD presented a petition, el 1,000 of the electors of Nottingham, praying tills g io writ might be issued for the election of a burr'," that town. - The SOLICITOR-GENERAL presented p!...),4 praying that the metropolitan bridges might be .°l 7 ' to the public toll-free. • 8 Mr. S. FRENCH presented a petition Crew e " electors of Athlone preying for leave, to defend lea 1 0 Mr. T. DUNCOMBE presented a petition, agr%et at a public meeting in Sheffield, held on the 13th 1701 The petitioners complained that they were into{ 4to' with while hie/ling a public meeting, and that eig °lt dividui.Cs'were areested and confineil in &afore pi, which they consider io be a tyrannical invasi on 0 fte constitutional right to petition, and they prsteed. , inquiry. NEW C AS TLE-UNDER-LYME ELECTION' t ef Lori ASHLEY reported that the. Committee O e n ee el petition complaining of an undue return for the WT4 of Newcastle-under-Lyme, had coma to the f olbe p resolution :—" That J. Q. Harris, Esq., was n ot 40 ( elected to serve as a burgess at the last electie n Newcastle-under-Lyme, and ought not to h ave 3,11 returned ; and that J. C. Colquhoun, Esq., Wes elected, and ought to have been returned." REPEAL OF THE UNION. ' s Mr. O'CONNELL presented a petition from In g le numerously signed, praying for a repeal of the ler, tive Union. .. NOTICES •OF MOTION—NOTTING4. IO ELECTION. Mr. S. CRAWFORD gave notice that he shonlae''cl Thursday next, move, in pursuance of a petition W-01,1 he had presented from a number of electors, that*: writ do forthwith issue for Nottingham. 1141' JOINT-STOCK BANKING COMPANIES / 3 _ 4 0 On the motion of Sir G. CLERK, this Bill was Irw'r second time, and ordered to be committed to-n:0 111 i Sir J. GRAHAM moved the first reading' Of * egg which bad just come from the Lords, but we did not its title. Mr. C. BULLER wished to know whether it intention of the Government to proceed in that_.l,ltbe with all these Bills which were coming down fr a Meeel Lords. Some of those Bills, the County Courts Pme-,ieff the Bankruptcy Bill more particularly, were oveeght great importance. He wished :o know of the Ireet. Hon. Baronet, the Secretary for the Home' Depet i V whether it was intended to proceed with Pleb ; e el, as those at a time like the present, when ee eee s Members were absent., and almost all the Me the legal profession were out of town. Sir JAMES GRAHAM said the Honourable ,e3i l l her must be aware that the County Coettee. It had Veen discussed in various sessions of Parnell/en' ets was the intention of Government to submit the rel e ef referred to to :he House this present session ; and eer objection should arise, which he did not anticip s !' haps, then they Would not proceed with them. pet Mr. W. PATTEN said he should be g l a d to o hen the County Courts Bill would come on ? , 'pa Mr. V. SMITH wished to know why these not come down betere ? 0 111 Sir J. GRAHAM said they had not com e down the Lords. •. POOR-LAW AMENDMENT BILL of Sir J. GRA: IAM proposed the third reading 'his Bill. of r. FIELDEN . was not aware of the content' awl proposed Poor-law Bill. He trusted, therefore,„eeei would not preeeed miller with the meaeure ibis e%.jeel Mr. R. YOK RE was su-prised at the course tin t ee ieen purseed by the Go% ernment. He trusted tn*t ee proceeded with further. le l ase M r. DUNCYMBE believed that all the bed. e -1 ill the Bib were retained. , fr th- Mr . BROTHER TON, gin, ,on r. till the her coneideretien of the Bill wes postpenee iipetied °eters r o ot the Day were dispoied of. Be LEERY BILL. the Mr. C. Bli LLER wished to know whet her it Yi'*eie inn I i II o • th. Ge 13:eber ovrnment to proceed le,lt_lith. Sir ROB .RT PEEL did not so e any reason *.Pe ~. d . cu5..,,,,s Act Anti. ialli.ent Bill was read a ti s ' l thee and passed. EXCHEQUER BILL. , _ s & ' teed The Exchequer hill s Preparation Bill was emu " time I and a,sed. o f Sir R. N - WAS wished to ask th e Right Hon. o r t o tleman when they might expect to receive the It,vr the Exchequer bills Commissioner s. R ** id he The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUE e th e expeeteu that the Report would be on the table o' ,Heueein the course of next week..itiptiefi AhlkiorSiLlYlige4* - 9f tt cheelf ports Wefe and t Bill ti Gentl tak On ritmo th a t Peers t4ije th e vc, it dons in .tht 't; of Irig • • Pay Ptsi - Wa hn Y‘.l(