The Sun. — London, England, 1855-12-21 00:00:00

. , • - • • E SIT N, TO ARRIVE THE SAME . , _ • • ,%•••- • ,t • ' etvEVENING, supplied to any STATION on the EASTERN ;; • TIES RAILWAY, Carriage Free, by CLAYTON' and SON, I a-‘1 '„* ~'• , a Newspaper and Advertising Agents, 265, Strand, London.'tql ^, . 0.61 • - tr.— fofr.,q4 4,, • „ E PANTOMIME OF 1855-6 will be at the 444 • r ~Rf • • ay 4%, THEATRE ROYAL, COVENT-GARDEN. . ct 9-; r- Ty • .„ (0-N 'lll'4 • • " al' )at every (or taken ito Rithor n Re pre, at :, ra EB3 r mi a Pis Latin lee in Dece of 1.( 3F, Sem 38 tuba( 52 jut Of I we, and Wi; ofi .ff( re eld lar fee am Fel tha for 1 ey, la on Ape Pa p e th tr 82 th 76 fa 70 7o ti '(n. tom a Od 11(1 it u• t. led "49,... --s rte 1 bats t ,Od one ~ • Hof es; s. Od Od Od im• her A 0 ; red, eras ' s Od see en In 5 afa arch fall LOY non el/ AIN sise non non de. ;vie the )01 es. rn, !eta er. rs, Syr Lee Si 24 it. Al 3d if a A. to fe 5* 4. 1,4 II 0 rf f 7 „. leans, " I hoe 4gl 0 4 , '“ FRIDAY EVENING. DELEMBEit 21, 1855. 0 725 [Fmk 4D. STAMPED 5D- MR4 ALBERT SMITH'S MONT BLANC), HOLLAND, UP THE RHINE, and PARIS, is now Open every evening (except Siturday), at 8 o'clock. Stalls which can be taken from a plan at the box-office every day between 11 and 4, witiloat any extra charge), 38. ; area, 23. ; gallery, Is. The Mern , n, Representations take place every Tuesday, Thursday, and aturda3 at X o'clock. Egyptian Hall, Piccadilly. • RGYLL ROOMS.--LA [TRENT'S ilk • NOW OPEN for the winter 'season Prin ~ .al a Piston, .M. Boulecowt.—Doors open at 8 Admission • hiitins Lament's new Varsovlans every, n!ght. THE NIGHTINGALE FUND.—It is intended to Issue a second Subs , ription List on vonony. the 2 .h of December. Snbscriptio , s will b- received at a 01 the hankers of London, the provinces, Ireland, and Scotl , nd and the Flonorar secretaries will be obliged by being furnished with the na es of Inbaeribers previous to the 22d December. sjDNFY HERBERT, cc . s ecs S. C. HALL, Office of the Nightingale Fund, 5, Parlia nent-street, December 17. LAST FEW DAYS. ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE. —THIS EVENING, and every evening during the week, the GRAND ELEUSINIAN SPECTACLE of MAGIC and MYSTERY, by Professor ANDERSON, the Great Wizard of the North, in 12 acts, with over-changing variety of incidents, continuous surprises , novel and extraordinary effelots. Magic and Mystery is an entirely new entertainment, pns teasing distinctive characteristics and peculiar phases of amusement. It is not a monologue, for the audience them- Pelves perform their parts with the principal actor, some of them on the stage and others in front ; it is not an exhibition, for though everything becomes metamorphosed before the eyes of the visitors no one can be positive that he sees any one thing ; but it is a comedy really performed by the com pany ; a melodrama replete with startling positions and unex pected denouements ; a magnificent spectacle, with 2,000 of the public every night to appear as auxiliaries ; and an ex travaganza, in which all that seems to be is entirely beyond the bounds of probability. Professor Anderson returns his thanks to thronged an 1 fashionable audiences which have nightly filled the. Lyceum Theatre to overflow, and by means of whose generous aid he has been enabled to announce Magic and Mystery for con tinuous repetition. He believes that no professor of his art I , asnt any time or in any place been honoured with an amount of success so extensive, so decided, and so unusual. He would attribute that success to three causes ; first, that in his present entertainment he has placed before his visitors the results of a life sedulously devoted to the attainment of perfected skill in one peculiar art, and to perfect which ho has travelled the globe le eve e e • e necendlY. that he .has' "'Mired no tNnhle nor til - raltlie put this entertainment on the stage in the most eloborate manner, by the employment of the first mechanicians and artists of the day ; and thirdly that, while, endeavouring to provide amusement for those who honour him with their presence, he has not forgotten tha it is possible to afford information also, and that the oppor tunity' should not be neglected of exposing conjuring wher ever it has been used for nefarious purposes, or whenever h' resorting to the conjureee arts, in an illegitimate manner. the designing have succeeded in making dupes of th: credulous. ,The 937 letters on the subject of spirit-rapping, which Pe teaser Anderson has received, from the time of opening the 'heatre up to the present date, bear witness to the great in ,erest taken on thesubject of this singular delusion ; whilst many of them bear melancholy evidence to the dangers -which ettend a belief in the superstitious nonsense of the " Spiri tualists." Judging simply by the correspondence which ha' resulted, Professor Anderson's expose of spirit-rapping and his illustration of the so-called table, phenomena, have pro &Iced a sensation unequalled by any preyious attempt to ex pose a mischievous and impudent juggle. It is impossibly' fqr Professor Anderson to reply at length to a tithe of th. communications which reach him on the subject. He regret tbat many of these should come from ladies and gentlemen who; from their position in society and their well-known in tellectual attainments, he would least have expected to have been converts to a -belief so preposterous in itself, 'and se easily susceptible of being controverted and disproved. Ever evening, from the Lyceum stage, Mr. Anderson's opinions o spirit-rapping are expressed, and every evening, within th Lyceum, how tables can be made to rap is exhibited and elucidated. It is respectfully requested that thi public exposition' will be accepted generally as Professo- Anderson's only mode of replying at full length to hi. multitudinous correspondents. He regrets that Op. names of the great and learned of the land should have been made to figure in the documents emanating fiem the spirit-rappers, as for instance the following, ex tiracted from the Morning Advertiser of Thursday, Septem ber 20, and taken by that journal from the New York Spiri tual Telegraph. It purports to emanate from an American spirit-rapper, Mr. D. D. Hume :—" Sir David Brewster frankly confesses that be is sorely puzzled' at what he has witnessed, and Lord Brougham acknowledges himself to be thoroughly nonplussed. Both of these noted men brought the whole force of their keen discernment to bear upon the solution of the phenomena; but the presence of substantial, actual hands, and the demonstrative strength of the spirits who thus clothed themselves for the time, and moved mate rial objects about the room, proved to be too much of a ques tion for them to master." Mr. D. D. Hume, the author of the above, has recently left England, and the following account of who, and what he is, occurs in the Family Herald, No. 648: —" This young man, who is a Scotchman by birth, and now in Italy, is a remarkable medium for all the manifestations without apparatus. Barnum, who is well-known throughout the Anglo-Saxon world as a splendid humbug, offered him 2.000 dollars per annum if he would perform at his museum in New York. Barnum then took it for granted that mediums could he bought.. He was somewhat astonished when his offer was refused. Hume, on telling the fact in London lately, simply and honestly remarked, that the money would have been very acceptable to him, for he was poor, young (under 211), an or phan, and in very bad health : but he would have been afraid of losing his power as a medium, and he would sooner lose his life. The refusal; however, made Barnum th.oghtful. Ho inquired into the subject; and now Barnum, one of the greatest humbugs in the world, and withal a conjuror, is one of the firmest believers in spiritualism." It is cer tainly surprising to find such a paragraph as this in the editorial article of an established journal, the editor of whom might be supposed to be sane. Even if Barnum does believe in spirit-rapping - does spirit-rapping gain or lose by this accession te its adherents? and, with Barnum's endorse anent to it, is this bill, drawn on public credulity, more likely to be negotiated 1 Professor Anderson would believe not ; but, when he finds that educated clergymen of the Church of England have the temerity to subscribe their names to so gross - a swindle, when he finds that the incumbent of Wortley (the Rev. N. J. Godfrey) positively asserts his belief in it, and writes a book on the subject, he considers it t • be time for ,him to state that which he knows of the mechanism by which it is effected., and the mischief to which it tends. In the -Morning Advertiser of October 3 appears a letter from Sir David Brewster, relative to that which he saw at Cox's Hotel, in company with Lord Brougham, He distinctly. states that which the Wizard of the North proclaims every night—that spirit-rapping is nothing more than conjuring applied to bad -purposes. In the Morning Advertiser of the following day, -however, there is an answer to Sir David's letter from one who was present when he and Lord Brougham had their séance with the spirits, in which the writer says, that " the -table (a large dinner-table, I believe) moved about in the most extraordinary manner, and, among other things, a large ac cordion was conveyed by an invisible agency to my hand and then to Lord Brougham's, in which, held by his lordship's right hand, apart from any person, it played an air through. .ont." With such a statement, printed for the edification of e the people of the 19th century, with the facts before us that the meet talented men of the day are permitting themselves -to be deluded by these juggling spirit-mongers—that the greatest novelist of the age is now engaged in making it the subject of a new work, and that a " spiritual convection" has actually been advertised to be held in St. Martin's-hall, Professor Anderson trusts that his exposures of the spiritual ists of America, as given by him nightly at the Lyceum, will be received by the people of England as genuine honest at tempts to provide an antidote for the bane of the spiritual jugglers. - In the course of the last five weeks 100,017 persons have visited the Lyceum Theatre, —a larger number, it is believed, than has ever before been assembled within its walls in so short a period. Magic and Mystery is repeated every even ing, the programme being continually changed. Grand - fashionable Day Performance, or Saturday, December 22, at -2 o'clock ; the programme being thus arranged ; Part 1. —Act 1. The Mesmeric Couch : or, the Clinical . Capabilities of the Atmosphere : in which the Wizard will do by magic that which some suppose to be effected by mesmer- I lain, and illustrate the possibility of sleeping unsupported in the air. Act 2. The Aqua-Avial Paradox ; exemplifying the power I of producing animated nature from fire and water only, and . the possibility of eliciting from the simplest elements the most complex forms of ornithological existence. ' Act 3. Le Livre des 11;eueils Choisies : or, Puck's Own Pocket Rock, with Puck himself within it. Typifying the evening's entertainment in the production of the very volu minous fronr a small volume, in the extraction of magnitude . out of minuteness, in developing bulk where no space appears for its existence, in discovering odd things in odd places, and in bringing forth unexpected wonders from the most unlikely - place for to be found. Act 4. Magical Locomotion • or, Transition without Trott. ble. In which will be comprised—the Adventures of a Wed ding Ring, the Peregrinations of a Bank Note, the Transfer . oration—black into white, and the Discovery of every Article in the position which would seem the most inappropriate. Act 5. L'Ecrin de Verre; or, the Casket of Croesus. Into which, though made entirely of glass perfectly transparent, and suspended so as to be visible to theieyes of all present, the Wizard will cause the money of his visitors to transport - itself, and rain into the casket, though its lid be closed, locked, and the key in the possession of the audience. Act 6. Clairvoyance Extraordinary ; or, the Transparency df Opacity. Act. 7. A New Bottle of Bacchus ; er, the Novel Wine and Spirit Store. An improvement upon the " inexhaustible - bottle," inasmuch as the Wizard's bottle will not only be in- J; exhaustible, but will change its contents, ad infinitum, at the word of command, producing soda-water, butter-milk, Epsom salts, Port, Sherry, brandy, gin, rum, whisky, noyeau, or any other wine or spirit required ; and finally ' proving to be filled with pocket handkerchiefs perfectly dry, - and occupying the whole space when tightly packed. Act 8. Half an Hour with the Spirits ; or, an Expose of - Spirit-rapping. Introducing the spirit-rapping table and tocsin of the invisibles. Act. 9. Grand Mystic Amalgam, in which the property of the. Wizard's patrons will undergo some strange metamor 'i phones, and, amongst others, their handkerchiefs become transformed into the flags of victory—the ban ners of Ea g land, France, Turkey, and Sardinia. - Act. 10. The Enchanted Chair of Comus, in which he who seats himself will be under the magic spell, and appear to - the audience, undericirennestances least expected, tion as peculiar as perplexing. in a posi- Act. 11. The Mystery of the Charmed Chest ; or, the Necleus of the Night's Wonders. To comprehend which the audience will have the goodness to observe, in an earlier part of the evening, the chest suspended (like Mahommed's coffin) in mid-air, into which all things will travel, and out of which all will be produced. Act. 12. The Hoteological Evaporation • or, the Shegtest • Route to the Antipodes. Illustrating the easiest mode of ridding ourselves of a troublesome friend, and the advantages of the newly-discovered dia-terrestrial passage from the west ern to the eastern hemisphere. Doors - open each evening at half-past 7 ; commence at 8. Private boxes, 1/. Ils. 6d. and 1/. ls., to be obtained at the Box-office, or at the principal libraries ; stalls, 4s. ' • dress circle, as. ; upper boxes, 2s. ; pit , l s. ; gallery , 6d. The Box-office is open daily, from 11 till 5, under the direction . of Mr. Chattorton, jun. Grand fashionable Morning Per formance on Raturday, December 22, at 2 o'clock. Doors opes - at tall-past 1. 1.,0 A N.—The NEW RIVER COMPANY are prepared to re eve 'V +ER- , for -LTA of MONCY (raised liooer the r isions ..itd requirements f their Acts of 1852 and I 6 4) on 13111 o nut less than 5001., for three, tee, or seven years at 4yy per cent intere t, pay ble half.ye• rly. Further information may be obtained, it required, of the under signed. at the 'ew River Office, New River Head, Clerk,nwell, be t ween the hours of Ten and Four, to whom Tenders are to be addressed tor the Directors. By order. New River Office, Nov. 30, 1855, FRED. INGLIS, Clerk. PUBLICATIONS. NEW NOVEL. Just ready, In 3 vols., post Bvo., A U R A • GA Y. A NOVEL. • Hurst and Blackett, Publishers, successors to Henry Colburn, 13, Great Marlborough-street. CHRISTMAS PRESENT. New and Revised Edition, I Os. 6d., bound, S ALATHIEL THE IMMORTAL, By the Rev. GEORGE .0 ROLY, LL.D. "One of the most splendid productions among works of fiction that the age has, brought forth." Athenzeum. Hurst and Blackett, Publishers, successors to Henry Colburn. THE NEW NOVEL. Now ready at all the libraries, in 3 Vols., T HE ' HOUSE OF ELMORE, A FAMILY HISTORY. "A splendid production. The story is worked out In a succession of powerful portraitures and of soul-stirring scenes."—John Bull. " This work displays unusual talent. It is a striking and original story."—Sun. _ _ "A novel of no ordinary power and attraction. It will enjoy a wide-spread popularity."—Observer. . _ Hurst and Blackett, publishers, successors to Henry Colburn. EASTERN COUNTIES RAILWAY COMPANY. On the 24th December, THE CHAIRMAN'S ANSWER to the REPORT of the COMMrrrgE of INVESTIGATION. London : published by W. S. Johnston, 60, St. Martin's-lane. To be had of W. 11. Smith and Son, -trand ; and at all the railway stations. THE POSTMAN'S KNOCK. New Song. Tay W. T. WEIGHTS/lAN. 1- 4.!•4 61 ., " One or t L ay joyeu , meio lies that ever materna nvm a liaht hart arterrieile fingers. It runs trippingly on, like the wing footed Mercury or the Post Office, startling one at every interval with that fancy-stirring smart rat-tat : one liter Ally looks for a letter as one listens to the song. Another re ommendation is, that every body can sing it. In short, it is just the song for the lively parties of the season." N.B.—The POSTMAN'S KNOCK QUADRILLE 3. By STEPHEN Gwynn. Piano, 35.; , Duets, as. London : nobert CoAs and Co.. New Burlington-street. Music Publishers to thrir Majesties Queen Victoria and the Emperor Napoleon lIL, and o' all Musicsellers. Now publishing, in 2,600 pages Imperial Octavo, price 365., THE POST OFFICE LONDON DIREC TORY FOR 1856.—Most gratifying R.views of the huge volume have appeared in all the leading Metropo litan Journals, of which only very short extracts can be here quoted. " In short, this work contains all that' can reasonably be required in a Directory, and much more, probably, than was ever found in one before. It may be safely referred to for information upon everything connected with the metropolis and the elements which constitu l :e its wealth and importance." —Times, Dec. R, 1855. The Post Of/ice London Directory is indeed a triumph of energy, enterprise, and combined talents of many orders, to which, upon reflection, every one will be ready to assign the merit it deserves."—Morning Advertiser, Nov. 12, 1855. " There has been competition, but it has passed away ; for the Post Office Directory has been too carefully and sedu lously edited, too prompt in its intelligence, too simple in its plan, and too judicious in its classifications, to admit of suc cessful rivalry."—Morning Herald, Nov. 12, 1855. "An indispensable necessity, not only in the counting houses of the mercantile part of the community, but also in the halls of the great and fashionable."—Morning Chronicle, Nov. 16;185i. " The ' Post-Office Directory' has made its appeal anee this year without a rival in the field ; but the absence of compe tition does not appear to have led the publishers to bestow less care upon the preparation of the work."—Morning Post, Nov. 30,1855. • In a metropolis so vast as London a correct guide is in valuable, and this book, dealing not only with the commer cial classes, but with all the residents in London, supplies a daily need."- -Daily News, Dec. 17, 1855. " A wonderful work, becoming every successive year more and more wonderful—altogether the hugest and the most accurate of all our popular compilations--at once official, com mercial, posts' gal, political, and topographical !"— Sun, Nov. 10, 1T355: " On the wholo, the extent and quality of the information contained in the volume has, as far as we know, never been equalled in a publication of the kind."—Globe, Nov. 15, 1855. " The Post Office London Directory —The annual wonder, the title of which we have prefixed, has just appeared, and, on the present occasion, it has appeared without a rival, hav ing in this year driven every competitor from the field. Even they who, like ourselves, dislike monopoly, acknowledge the justice of monopoly fairly wou by decided excellence."—Stan dard, Nov. 16, 1855. " The fame of Kelly's London Directory is too well esta blished, its pretensions to what it professes too thoroughly justified, and its comprehensiveness too immense, to admit of any other consequence than disastrous loss to the speculator who would blindly hope to supplant it. Shipping and Mercantile Gazette, Nov. 23, 1855. " Even as there is no city in the world which can compare with tho metropolis as the abode of aristocracy and com merce, so it is equally beyond dispute that there is but ono Directory.' "—Church and State Gazette, Nov. 16, 1855. " The whole work exhibits a mass of accurate information that is truly wonderful to contemplate."--Atlas, November 17, 1855. "There is an old joke about the man who sat down pa tiently to read through a dictionary, and complained of the variety of its subjects. What would he have said to the Post Office Directory of 1856,' with its pregnant line about everybody, every trade, every profession, and every idler in this huge wen of mortality who can write himself down re spectable !"—Bell's Weekly Messenger, Nov. 17, 1855. If an y one would really understand in what consists the strength of London, let him study the Post Office Directory,' " —Britannia, November 17, 1855. "The opponent of the production before us has ceased to exist, it appearing that, even after the collection of the infor mation for next year, and the work being in type, tho sale would be insufficient to repay the mere expense of p-intini The ' Post Office Directory ' is now alone in the field, but we are glad to see that the exertions of the proprietors are undiminished."- Court Journal, November 17, 1855. " The Post Office Di, ectory' has become a work of na tional importance. It has been said we could not afford to lose our lil;tes -- the same observation applies to our • Post Office Directory.' "—Herapath's Journal, Nov. 17. 1855. se l i v ‘ e T s h ; e b proprietors y o f b t a h v i e s n w o o t r k r e ll a x a v e e d ionw theirthe fi e e x l d e r t ti o o t n h s e m on that account is fully evident from the completeness of the Directory for the coming year." — Illustrated London News November 17, 1855. " Still swelling its dimensions as the ever-increasing area of the vast metropolis increases, this bulky volume presents itself as an annual visitor on our library table."—John Bull November 17, 1855. " In noticing in all its details, in the most favourable man ner, this valuable and highly successful volume, we may casually remark that the year 185 will witness its publica teibonrauentnei, unopposed by b a y ttempted compe titi on —a work of similar no means equal in correctness of ar rangement and detail, having, after an ephemeral existence, entailing enormous loss to its projectors, been at length aban doned. This was a result which, we think, might have been easily foreseen ; for it appears to us beyond question that the sale of so exclusive and peculiar a work as the London Di iatory will never repay the expense of preparing two such publications, which, if accurate, must be counterparts of each other." —Mining Journal, November 17,1855. " E tent, variety, and accuracy of information, so far as we have had occasion to test it, ,s not the only feature of the book. Its production is a typographical curiosity."— Spectator, November 17, 1855. " This wonderful volume is a proof that the work of orga nisation and administration can be performed by Englishmen with such admirable completeness as to amount to perfection itself. Kelly's Directory was always unrivalled, but it is now without a competitor, and we never expect to see another enter the lists."—Era, November 18, 1855. " The Post Office London Directory for the year 1856, a copy of which we have just received, is certainly one of the literary phenomena of the age. For an increase' in its bulk we have no wish. It is now a gigantic tome, although its style of binding renders it easy of use."—Sunday Times, November, 18, 1855. "The fine map that accompanies it embraces an increased area, and considerable additions have been made to the book. It e• joys a deserved reputation never achieved by any work of its class, and London may be proud of its standard di rectory."—Weekly Times, November 18, 1855. " Every householder in London, whether in trade, and every person belonging to any profession, or employed in the service of the Crown, has an opportunity of testing for him self the accuracy of the work, and we believe that the result of their inquiry will lead them to concur with us in the opinion that the Post Office Directory is one of the marvels of the present age ; "_.Observer, November 19, 1855. " . Wecan conceive of no better representation o f the super ficies as there is certainly no better guide to the contents of London than the Directory just named, now the only publica tion of the kind."-- Nonconformist, Nov. 21, 1855. " As we, in common with most people, prophesied would happen, so it has come to pass. The rival Directory has given up a battle in which victory was scarcely to be won. But what of the future of this wonderful book ? As it lies on its side it stands already some two hands high, and to spread out the map implies the covering of an ordinary table." — Examiner, November 24, 1855. :01.40 ` or room i S d i f n oo c rn e aD l asr rival rve t ac y tl e ow a r r yo k a h f ao r usf this t he l ie e su s sm wiselyaatgt p ua t dbe t a o nb de establish bTI hs a he er s en de ciso withn do p e s r ta o fi b t; l is haendd aboveth i s half a publication c h e nt a u s r th e y . —plesi century,'' —Liter ary a e ry o f Gazette,a v i having been No vember 24, 1855. It is a wonderful achievement, however we regard it, and its daily and hourly utilit y a l one i s su ffi c i ent to recommend it to every hotel, office, shop, and place of business." — Weekly Dispatch, November 25, 1855. " We have tested the lateness of the period up to which it has been corrected, by referring to changes within our own knowledge, and we are bound to say that in every case we have found that the Directory has recorded the change, al though some of them have bemi of very recent occurrence." —Leader, December 1, 1855. , " Any commendation on our part of this invaluable and universally-known volume would be utterly superfluous. The accuracy, fulness, clear and careful printing are beyond all praise ; and it thoroughly deserves the monopoly it has achieved. A large and excellent map of London is prefixed, adding not a little to its general usefulness."— E conom i s t, December 8, 1855. " The attempt to establish a rival Directory, though pro secuted with great enterprise, has failed. The undertaking was a hopeless, almost an impossible, one. Publications of this magnitude can rarely be produced at a start— they re quire years for their growth and development."—Press, De cember 8, 1855. Kelly and Co., 19, 20, and 21, Old Boswell-court; and all BookSollOre. DEOLARATION OF PROFITS • 'INDISPUTABLE LIFE POLICY COM- A. PA NY. Chan man, Lord Viscount TORRINGTON% -- The next Olvbion of Profits will be made in June, 1858, and those assured on or.before the 31st of D.cember, 1855, will participate one year earli, r than those assured after that date. A redum ion of 25 per cent, has been made on the premiums of all Policies of 5 years' standing. ALEXANDER ROBERTSON, Manager. 72, Lombard-street, London. [ l O COMMERCIAL TRAVELLERS and Others.—The TRAVELLERS' and MARINE INSURANCE , OMPANY grant Polibies of Insurance against EVERY DESCRIP TION of ACCIDENT, whether occurring whilst travelling or other wise. CAPITAL, 250,0001. TRUSTEES. The Right Honourable Earl Fitzwilllam, K.G. Matthew Marshall, Esq. (Bank of England). William Smee, Esq..(Bank of-England). Sir Charles Fox. • EXAMPLE OF RATES. Annual Premium. f Sum at I)eath. r Weekly Altown ice £2 0 0 XI,OOO I 44 0 0 4i 5 0 £5OO I £3 0 0 Forms of Proposil, Prospectuses, &c., may be obtained at the Chief Offices, 42 and 43, Poultry, London, between 10 and 4 o'clock. FRANCIS COBHAM, Pezistrar. riIHE PROVIDENT CLERKS' MUTUAL 1. LIFE ASSURANCE ASSOCIATION and BENEVOLENT FUND. Established 1 8 4q. TRUSTEE& Thomas Raring, Esq., M.P. I IV. (I. Prescott, Esq. Thomas Hankey, Esq., M.P. Baron L. de Rothschild, M.P , TatEasratra--Jolui Abel Smith, Esq., M.P. LIFE ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT. , . 15, Moorgate-street, London, 18th Dec , 1855. Notice is hereby given, that the FIFTEENTH ANNUAL GENE ,RAL MEETING of the Members of the: MUTUAL LIFE RANCE DEPARTMENT will be held . at the London Tavern Dishopsgate-street, in the City of London. on MONDAY, the 21st !day of Jaunarr, 1856, at Six o'clock in the Evening precisely. The following Managers, in accordance with Rule 7, go out of office 'hy rotation, but, being eligible, offer themselves for re-elec tion, via.;— Mr. Edward Coleman. I Mr. J. im White Welch. Mr. Henry Rogers. Mr. Sancton Wood. By order of the Board. WILLIAM THOMAS LINFORD, Secretary: !! ' BENEVOLEvP DEPARTMENT -- igiliear%beietry^ given, Affethe*PTIPTNOPFWAWROAVIT RAL ME STING of tho MEMBERS and FRIENDS of the ERNE ,VOLENT DEPARTMENT, will he held at the London Tavern, Bishopsgate-street, in the cit.' of London, on MONDAY, the 21st day of January, 1856, at Half•past Seven o'clock, or immediately after the conc!usion of the Meeting of the Members of the Mutes Life Asuranre Department, appointed to take piste on the a,smel Evening, at the Same &ace, at Sly o'clock prec°sely. JOHN AR EL SMITH. Esq., M.P., Treasurer, in the Chair. By order of the Board, WT LTA T Ufll‘fAS LTNFORD, Secretary. The annual accounts of both departments may be inspected at the (Ace one week prior to the general meeting. HE LIVERPOOL and LONDON FIRE ANt) LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. Capital, Twolll•tns. Established In 1836. vmnowered by special Acts of Parlament. Offices : 37, Castle street, Liverpool; 20 and 21, Poultry, London; .Ind 61, King-street, Manchester. TRUSTEES. Sir Thomas Bernard Birch, Bart. Adam Hodgson Eeq I Samuel Henry Thompson, Esq. DIRECTORS IN LIVERPOOL rHAIRMAN—THOvi AS Betoric FRANK, Esq. DEPUTY-CHAIRMEN Joseph C. Ewart. Esq., and Francis Hat , wood, Esq. Secretary --Swinton Kona, Esq. DIRECTORS IN LONDON. Chairman —M ATT HEW FORSTER, Esq. Deputv-Chsirman—George Frederick Young, Esq. Resident Secretary—Benjamin Henderson, Esq. • DIRECTORS IN MANCHESTER. Chairman - SAMUEL ASFITO" - , Esq. E. R. Lanworthy, Esq. I James Aspinall Turner, Esq. Fdward Tootal. Esq. Thomas Wrigley, Esq. Resident secretary—R. A. Kennedy, Esq. FIRE DEPARTMENT. Premiums received in 1853 were 113,612/. ; and in 1854, 146 0961. Insurances may be effected in this department on terms as low as those of most other Companies. Farming Stock insured at 3s. percent., free from the conditions of average, and allowing a Steam Thrashing Machine. LIFE DEPARTMENT. Premiums received on New Business were, In 1853, 6,9131 ; and in 1854, 10,9671. Annuities Immediate and Deferred. • Bonuses guaranteed when the Policy is issued. No Stamp Duty charged. Prospectuses and further information may be obtained at the Offices of the Company, or from any of the agents. Persons whose Fire Policies with this Company expire on the 25th Instant are respectfully reminded that receipts for the renewal of the Qame will be found at the Head Offices in Liverpool. London, and Manchester, and in the hands of the Agents. SWINTON BOULT, Secretary to the Company. GUARDIAN FIRE AND LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY. No. 11, Lombard-stroet, London. DIRECTOR& FRANCIS HART DYKE, Esq., Chairman. HENRY HULSE BERENS, Esq., Deputy-Chairman. John Dixon, Esq. 'Stewart Marjoribanks, Esq. Sir W. M. T. Farquhar, Bart. John Martin, Esq., M.P. Sir Walter R. Farquhar, Brt. Rowland Mitchell, Esq. T.Hankey, Esq., M .P. James Morris, Esq. John Harvey, Esq. Henry Norman, Esq. John G. Hubbard, Esq. Henry R. Reynolds, Esq. George Johnstone, Esq. John Thornton, Esq. John Labouchere, Esq. James Tulloeh, Esq. John Loch, Esq. Henry Vigne, Esq. .TORS. 4, W. Roberta, Esq. henry Sykes Thornton, ICI4. Lewis Lloyd , jun., Esq. I John Henry Smith, Esq. - George Keys, Esq., Secretary. AUDI' Samuel Brown, Esq., Actuary. I.TFE DEP ARTIA KNT.—Under the provisions of an Act of Par ament, this Company now offers to future insurers Four-fifths of he Profits, with Quinquennial Division, or a Low Rate of Premium without participation of Profits. The next division of Profits will be declared in June, 1860, when .11 participating Policies which shall have subsisted at least one year at Christmas, 1459. will be allowed to share in the Profits. At the live divisions of Profits made by this Company, the total - eversionary Bonuses added to the Policies have exceeded 913,000 At Christmas lest the tssurances in force amounted to upwards 01 4,240,0001.; the Income from the Life Branch in 1854 was more than 200,000/. ; and the Life Assurance Fund (independent 01 the guarantee Capital) exceeded 1,700,000/. FOREIGN BIRK -i:—The Extra Premiums required for the East end West Indies. the Mritish Colonies, and the northern parts of the United States of America, have been materially reduced. INVALID LIVE.- Persons who are not in such sound health as would enable them to insure their Lives at the Tabular Premiums, may have their Lives insured at Extra Premiums. LOANS granted on Life Policies to the extent of their values, pro ,ided such Policies shall have been effected a sufficient time to have Attained in each case a value not under 60/., A.SisiONMENTS OF P Wei ES.—Written Notices of, received and registere 1. Medical fees paid la , the Company, and no charge will be made for Policy Stamps. Notice is hereby given That Fire Policies ~ hich expire at Christ mas must be renewed syllabi fifteen days at this Office, or with Mr. titans, No. 1, St. Jam s's—treet, corner of Pal.-mall ; or with the Company's agents throughout the kingdom, otherwise the• become void. Losses caused by Ex l'sion of Gas are admitted by this Company STAR PACKETS from the TERRACE PIER, (+NAVE:IP:ND, 9, 2. 41t , NRWICR WtlAar, BLACKWALI., OP the srriv.. of the fol'owing Trains from Fench urc h -streei, 10M, ting. 314, we,ther permit- Th. P . ekets will call at t'e Rosherville, Greenhithe, Parried and North Woolwich Piers. To or r .uot 0.. .. 18. Id. .ravc send and Rlarkwall or Woolwict Sd. .. Os. led. . rith and London ...... Bd. Os. led •• rill, and Rlackwall or Woolwich.... •• On. 8(/* bet 0 .. il.a•resAnd and Inter.nediate•Piers.. 6n. .. Os. Sd. OctOhtr 23, 1855. IN THE HIGH COURT OF CCHANCERY. f RIESEM A R.—On th e 29th o f M a y,•1855, an injunction was granted by the High Court of Chancery, and in the 11th June following was made perpetual, against Joseph ‘'ranklin and others, to restrain them, antler a penalty of one thou 4and pounds, from imitating this Medictie, which is protected by Royal Letters Patent of England, and secured by the Seals of the Ecole de rusrmacie de Paris, and the Imperial College of Medicine, Vienna. TRIESEMAR, No. 1, - - - is a remedy for Relaxation. Spermatorrhcea. anti Exhaustion or t,r, ly,tein, whether arising from excesses, accident, or climate. To those persons who are prevented enterinc the married state b he consequences of early errors it is invaluable. TRIESEMAR, No. 2, effectually, in the short space of three days, completely and entirely eradicates all traces ot those Disorders which Capivi and Cubebb lave so long been thought an antidote for, to the min of the health a vast portion of the population. TRIESEMAR, No. 3, is the great Continental Remedy for that class of Disorders, whit , unfortunately the English physician treats with Mercury, to the in evitable destruction of the patient's constitution, and which all the sarsaparilla in the world cannot remove. TRIESEMAR, No. 1,2, and 3, are alike devoid of taste or smell, tnd of all nauseating qualities. They may lie on the toilet tael ,vithout their use being suspected. Mold in tin cases at Its. each, free by post, 2s. extra, divided into eparate doses, as administered y Valpenu,. LaDemand, Roux, tee., St.e,—To be had Wholesale and Retail in London of Johnston, 68 Oornhill; Hannay and Co., 63, Oxford-street; and Sanger, 150, Ox wd-street ; R. H. Ingham, druggist, 46. Market-street, Manchester; , l. Bradbury, bookseller, Deansgate, Bolton; J. Priestly, chemist, 52, ,orti-street, Liverpool; Powell, bookseller, 15, Westmoreland-street, 'inblin ; Winnall, bookseller, High-street, Birmingham. GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY.—The Directors hereby Give Notice that they will receive M oney Lo in, to nay off Debentures falling due, and are prepared to accept Tenders for the same for a period of 3, 5, or 7 years. at 5 per cent. per annum. Appllcation may he made to the undersigned. Ey order of the Directors. CHAS. A. SAUNDERS, Secretary. Paddington Station, 2d November, 1855. GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY.- CHRIST If AS HOLIDAYS —On MONDAY, 24th December, a Cheap Excursion Train will leave Paddington at 6.30 p m., for Bristol and Bath, returning on Wednesday, 26th December, from Bristol, at 7 a.m., and Bath at 730 a.m. Fares there and b , ck : Bristol, 10s. and Os , and Bath, 94. and ss. No luggage beyond a carpet bag allowed. Tickets not transferable. GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY.- CHRISTMAS HOLIDAYS. Return Tickets issued on Saturday, Dec. 22d, and three following days, will be available up to Wedneseny, the 25th, inclusive. On the Bristol and Exeter and South Devon Lines Return Tickets are not available on Sundays. The Trains on Christmas Day will run as on 'undays, with the addition of the down day mail from Paddington to Bri tol at 10 a.m., and the up day Mail from Bristol to Padd ngton at 10 a.m., which will run as on week days, with the exception of the branch trains between 'Maidenhead and Wycombe, fielding and Basingstoke, Chippenbam, From, and Warminster, Gloucester and Hereford, and over the South Wales Line. VONDON and NORTH-WESTERN 1..4 RAILWAY. —CEIRIATMAS 110LIDAYS.—Dav Tzcarrs issued on Saturday, December 22, and intervening days, will be available until Wednesday, December 26. By order, General Manager's Office, Euston- Station, Dec., 1855. MARE NORTH-WESTERN and MID WAY S.—CHRIS Of AS HO .IDATS.—Entsx ,r TICKS'S will be issued from the Euston- LONDON an, \ND h AILV and • , ECOND CLASS DA' station, London, to Limoln owdharn • Norm Anton Collingbam Nottingham Oak enshaw Newark York Doncaster FlOterton Bradford Sheffield, and Thurgarton Leeds Mashoro', fly the ordinary trains on Saturday, Dec. 22, Sunday, 23, Monday, 24, and Tuesday, 25, availabl.. for return with by the ordinary trains up to and Including Wednesday, Dec. 26. Express day tickets will alsa he ipsled on the same days, available to return by.any train no to ;ad including the 26th. Day tickets will also be isentsdlrom the above stations to London. General Manager's Office, Ruston-station, 1855. 4R. GORDON CLIMMING has the honour to announce that TWO NEW PICTURES will be added to his AFRICAN ENTERTAINMENT, on the 26th. The subjects will be, Ist, The Hunter's Troop of Sixteen Horses attacked by Flve Lions, painted by Harrison Weir ; 2d, A View of the River Limpopo, with large Herd of Hippopotami, by Richard Leitch.-222, Piccadilly. —Children half price in the reserved scats and stalls. An Extra Morning Entertainment at Three o'clock on Boxing Day. lit R. HOWARD, Surgeon-Dentist, 52, Fleet ' v street, has introduced an entirely new description of ARTI ICIAL T E F....N1, fixed without springs, wires, or ligatures. They so erfectly resemble the natural teeth as not to he distinguished from he original b' the closest observer; they will never change colour or ecay, and will be found very superior to, any teeth ever before used. 'his method does not require the extraction of rosts, or any painful aeration, and will support and preserve teeth that are loose, and is uaranteed to restore articulation and mastication. Decayed teeth -ndered sound and useful in mastication.-52, Fleet-street. At ome from ten till five. fhe Third Edition.—Just published, price 51., by post, tree, 15s. 6d. () N w 'r it ?U tii ti e ] V AZ iew P of L d S ist E ingu S is P hi E ng the i‘ Im T ag ° in l a t r l y t from the 4 ulTerers under this disease, and Correcting of wide-spread ezrore in relation to their Treatment and Cure. From be °omen 4 Dr. PICKFORI i. With an Introduction by the Editor, containing • complete exposure of the system of terrorism and extortion pursued ty the advertising quacks of the metropolis towards those who are credulous enough to seek their aid. " Dr. Fickford 's known to frequent practi- English readers by his ;al contributions to German medical literature. This is the first me, he informs us, that he has addressed himself to the nos-medi -1 reader. We trust this may not be the last, if he shall letect any thee equally flagrant evil which it may be in his p iwer to °or ,•ect."—London Medical Gazette. " The tribe of Quiet Sympathisers,' md ' Medical Friends,' aro mercilessly exposed; and if this book find its way into the hands of those who stiffer from the corn 'taint of which it treats, we aro satisfied that many hundreds would le saved much needless suffering of body and mind, and what is of tis importance, though it is that which the quacks most prize— nuch money.... —This volume is well qoalified to put an end to the ntpirlcal sync= of treating Spermatorrho3a, and to placo:the treat nent upon a more rational and physiological basis. It is, therefore, ikely to do much good." immion: li. Balliere, 219, Regent-street. VIE CURRENCY QUESTION. The following are the three letters addressed by Mr, Salt to the editor of the Times, with the reply of the Timm thereto : Sir,-1 think your comments on my sayings at the meeting ou the Bank Charter Act give me a claim for a space in your columns for explanation. You say that I " tantalise you with a promise of safe but inexhaustible riches," and yon assume that a regulated issue of paper money would not give the honest labourer full employment at remunera- tion prices. Thereon your imagination indulges in an amus ing picture of a Chancellor of the Exchequer bunted borne by packs of countless thousands of Mall chester spinners, Dorsetshire labourers, Spitalsfield weavers, distressed needlewomen, Witty if you will, but pray keep in mind that a spice of wisdom would not mar your wit, and that all decent feeling of humanity !Joist for a moinent have slumbered, when you could enumerate so lightly classes whose very names call up recollec ions of suffering, neglect, and social crime too strong for words. But to return to your Chancellor hunt. What are the facts ? A diminished issue of money has invariably re -luced employment and multiplied deputations,— set all the packs in full cry ; while an increased issue of money has invariably increased the em ployment of labour, put an end to deputations, dispersed the packs, and left the Chancellor sleep ing undisturbed in his form. During these re laxations of the mousy laws the deadly discords between the Government and the people have ceased ; even Chartism has been voiceless, and the governing and the governed seem to have forgotten each other's mutual existence. But you appear to doubt that such will be the result of an increased issue of legal tender. Let u see what will become of it. It will Lot be locked up, because, while it is so, interest is forfeited and capital also, as much so as if it did not exist. Therefore it will be made some use of. Now, the ingenuity of man cannot devise a mode of employing money without employing labour to that extent ; and if the issue of money be maintained, the power that creates wealth will always effect its distriliution, ministering equally to national wealth and individual happiness, and what you call one of my " delicious moments" will be so far perpetuated. But a fear crosses your mind. " Who," say you, " is to stop the floodg a t es r' I ask, who stops them now ? The law ! Have we not 14 millions of legal tender paper issued on debt-14 millions of paper convertible into gold, without an ounce of gold to satisfy the promise ? You see, sir, that the system you uphold is not a pure and perfect chry solite. It is the law and not the gold that limits this issue, and closes your floodgates. Then comes the question—Why was ibis amount of inconvertible paper fixed at 14 millions ? Be cause it was needful for an indebted Government. But shall there be no honey for the_ people, and would it not be more creditable that the necessities of the governed should be considered as well as those of the governing ? Is it the end for which Government was created that it should take care of itself, and utterly neglect and damage the interests of the people ? You say " there is a force and simplicity in the words, I promise to pay on demand. „ Now. I will grapple with you on that point, and show that, taking these words in the sense used in the Bank of England note, they contain more of fraud, folly, and mystification than any words in human lan witheut the suffering and humiliation of vast in solvency ; to watch with sleepless vigilance the condition of the gold in the Bank coffers, to be racked by hope and fear if the arrivals from Aus tralia be delayed a week ; to be agonised by au east wied. All because we persist in staking our existence on the possession of gold, and at the same time in supporting a law that renders it impossible we should permanently retain it. I say the law prevents the possibility of our keeping possession of the gold. Gold money and paper money will not for any length of time circulate together at equal values. There are two distinct values in the coin—the legal tender value and the metallic value, and these do not coinci le, but vary inversely to each other. Thus, supposing a large quantity of metal -to be taken up by the Mint to be coined and issued, the bullion would become scarcer and rise in value, while the legal tender would become more abun dant, and fall in value. At Melbourne, when coin had become very scarce, an ounce of coined gold actually commanded an ounce and a third of uncoined gold of equal ffaeness. While the monopoly we have assigned to gold raises its value as metal, the issue of legal tender paper, making legal tender more abundant, lowers the value of the legal tender. The price of the gold being fixed by the law which binds the Bank to take all the gold offered at 31. 17s. 9d., and to pay it out at 31.175. lOid., this alternation in value of money is, for a time, only indicated by the rise in value of all other articles. This rise stimulates large exports. The importer looks around for his returns, all commodities have risen. We are under no engagement to supply iron, lead, tin, or any other article at a fixed price, except gold. We thus bribe the foreigner to take our gold instead bf our goods. The gold being gone the Bank is compelled to reduce her issues of paper. Eight hundred private and joint-stock banks are instantly afflicted with the cramp, and seek to lock up the remaining —money by increasing their.- reaerVea. , Now, as unreduced debts cannot be paid by re duced money, this phasis of our system Is equiva i lent to a general decree of loss or insolvency against all who by commercial enterprise have been con tributing to the welfare of the country. Just at this moment the watchful Times advises caution, recommends all to limit their transactions, which means limiting employment, which is limiting the life of the labourer. It is equivalent to a proclamation through the land, " Now get ye to the workhouse or to your graves." No other resource is left to the labourer thrown out of em ployment by this fatal system. Even the press, the tardigrade press generally, is beginning to inquire into a system which becomes daily more incompatible with the advances of com mercial civilisation. IF. SECRET - INFIRMITIES OF YOUTH AND MATURITY . lust published, price 25., illustrated with cases; free by post for 26 s, V S te 'ERVOUDEBILITY; Its Causes, Symptoms, and Cure.—An Essay on Spar .:.terrhcea, with Practical Observations on a safer and more mode of treatment of the diseases of the Generative em, obtained by the use - of the . Microscope in detecting and oguisleing, by urinary examination, the real cause and effect of v. ry variety of complaint, whether arising from solitary habits, .'asses, accident, or climate, followed by practical remarks, founded wenty years' exlerience in the treatment of Impuissance, ons Debility, Local Weakness, Spermatorrhora. &c. To which „Med, Commentaries on the Physiology of Marriage, with pre ...wary hints on the evils emanating from empirical prrctice, i on the dangerous remedies advocated by carious writers on -sae important disorderi. By SAMUEL LA'MrltT M.D. cl, IthDFORD-SQUA }E, LONDON, D , e tor of .16edicine, Matriculated Member of the University of Edit,- ! , ln o t i li t , ia Honorary Member , aottahi, e l LLn n d d o o n n h , lo &c., spital te. Medical tiocietY. i 'tae es*ential oldest 01 this treatise is to point out the fearful con :ancee resulting from certain habits, irregularities, and excesses, o have produced more misery in Youth, degradation in Man .oi, and premature decay at all stages of Life, than, perhaps, any Lt,a chat of disease known to modern pathologists. Its perusal le , eularly recommended to persons entertaining secret doubts of poysical condition, and who are conscious of having hazardet happiness, and privileges to wt oh every human being it hi tlec3. is absolntely necessary - that ail men should know, that there at , , nelpies of personal management which cannot be violated without ..:—.rring grievous penalties, and when wisdom and regret succeed heyday M inconsiderate self-indulgence, how these penaltim mitigated, 11,,w the sting of their bitterness may be removed iv:ir; the evil and its consequences may se avoided, and above all n , there is scarcely any degree of physical infirmity or functions" , aiigement whicl, the timely aid of rcience cannot apply a cure A.nthor ha. for a series of years been engaged in an extensive dice in the treatment of these delicate complaints, which have ,n'tunatel) teen too generally confided to the care of ignorx_.l di m. Hies, who indict groat injury on those wLo are induced to place faith in their pretensions. NERVOUS - DEBILITY may be had price 2s. of Messrs. Sher wood and Co., 13, Paterhei3Ler-rove Hannay, 63, Oxtord-street ; a dr ,, 0 ,19, Leicester-square; Mann 39, Cornhill; or free by poet for :6 441 . 1 , 4)1 an' ~ddres, from the Author's residence, 37, Bed, tuare. It is impossible much longer to bind industry and its complicated divisions of labour down to barter —nay, what is worse, to a monopoly of bartar for gold. Free trade will not tolerate this bondage. The paper system, which the instincts and neces sities of the people have continually enlarged, can not longer be permitted to rest on the narrow basis of gold, rendered unstable both by the law and by the increased rapidity of communication with foreign States. A foreign loan or speculation, a short harvest, a telegraphic despatch, anything, in short, may, by causing a sudden exportation of gold, derange our whole commercial system. I scarcely need recall to your mind how frequent and fatal such panics have been, how fertile of insolvency, misery and crimes, and that in the depth of our ruin and the triumph of our prosperity the amount of our wealth was exactly the same, but disorganised by the failure of our monetary system. It will be well for the Times seriously to consider whether it wili be be coming its rank and character to be the first to err, the last to learn, in a matter so deeply involving the interests of civilisation and humanity. It is a vulgar error, that the value of legal tender money depends on the obligation of the issuer to redeem it in gold, or to redeem it at all, or to give any security whatever. The value of wheat depends on the fact that it ministers to the great human necessity of satisfying hunger. The value of legal tender depends on its legal power of ministering to the equal human necessity of satisfying debt, and in both cases those values will vary exactly in proportion to their abun dance and scarcity relatively to the wants of man kind. To satisfy debt is the sole function of money and the sole clement of its value. Money ought not to he merchandise which can be melted and robbed of its vital function as the canceller of debt. Instead of " the promise to pay," which appears so simple and definite to the 9 Imes, it is payment which is more simple and definite still. The only problem to solve is to maintain it in such quanti ties as shall be in harmony with the just require ments of industry. What are the conditions we seek! The first and most sacred right we have to protect is that of the labourer to full employment. I have shown that increased money of necessity increases employment and sustains prices. A sufficient issue of legal tdn der money will give full employment to labour, producing the greatest amount of national wealth, and the money that produces the wealth will al ways be able to effect its distribution, securing the greatest amount of national happiness. In 1853, with abundance of legal tender money, labour was fully employed in every branch through out the kingdom ; all the classes you have enume rated were happy, prosperous, and contented. Every man was his own Chancellor of the Exchequer. The air was everywhere resonant with the music of gipsey parties of the labouring classes, there was joy and contentment throughout the land, anti the workhouses were empty. The Bank of England, uMdor the compulsion of the law, reduced its issues, and at the present moment the workhouses and gaols aro altogether insufficient to contain the paupers and criminals ; our wealth and means o wealth being identically the same, the derange ment of our monetary system alone disorganises every interest. The Times has fulfilled many a mission of humanity and justice ; I still hope it will look more deeply than it has hitherto done into this all-important question, and that it will enter its powerful protest against the happiness of the people being longer made the sport of an obsolete theory.—l am, Sir, your obedient servant, T. C. SALT. " Come, expound your riddle, Mr. Salt. What is the matter with the bank note ?" See the Times, Dec. 13. Sir, —I will answer your question, and solve the rid dle. In return, I claim of you the solution of a greater riddle than mine. What would have been the matter with the bank-note if the gold in California and Australia had not been dis covered ? What would have been the matter with the country under the effects of a law compelling the pay ment of all debts, public and private, in gold absolutely unequal to their discharge ? What would have been the condition of the editor of the Times, even now agonised by the delay of a single vessel bringing a supply of gold, if none of them had arrived at all ? To these questions I want a clear, fair, and specific answer, and not merely wit and literary banter. Sir Robert Peel's bill is universally acknowledged to have been a gigantic error, from which accident has only imperfectly rescued us. Shall we correct or cling to the. error and /ts consequences, and depend on future chances? I say the discovery of gold has only partially saved us ; even now we are suffering from intolerable usury, and from the contraction of our monetary system. Under this double effect our workhouses and gaols, which were empty, are overflowing. Is not that fact enough ? But what is the matter with the hank-note /—that is the question. Why, it is gone ! That is the matter, and a pretty considerable matter too, seeing our debts are not gone with it. It is will of you, Sir, talking of my taking a Han som cab, going to the bank of England, and getting five sovereigns. I have not got the note ; hence my grief. A vast quantity of gold money has left the country ' • the Bank of England has reduced its issues of notes from l in 9,o E o n o g , o l 7 0 1 t B O O 0 increase b a nks— t 25,000,0001. to 19 , 000 , 0001 . haheijr s r e e s c e u r r v e e d s a ; po E rtio e n7of b t a h n e k the Government is exacting 100,000 , 0001. instead of 50,000,000/. of taxation, and yon coolly tell me to take A Hansom and present my 51. note at the Bank. I tell you I have not got the note ; it is withdrawn ; destroyed. Why is it destroyed I—for a goodly reason, forsooth, — because we have no gold money, —ergo we shall have no paper money ; and you ask what is the matter with the note ? Why it is dead—not sick, but dead. That is the matter. Now, I pray you, solve me the riddle bow, with this remnant of stagnant money, wages and debts are to be paid I Solve me that riddle and you shall be immor talised. I will not waste your time nor the time of your rea ders by disputing whether the price of gold is fixed ; the Bank of England, we know, is obliged to supply it at a fixed price, which is a sufficient' fact for all but the most refined understanding , . Sir, in the coming session this subject must be dis cussed, and the Times cannot afford to be behind all its contemporaries, and almost alone to support errors so glaring as those of our monetary system. I know that editorial etiquette forbids the confession of error, but to the promi se t o pay gualee Th e l aw assumes assigning a definite quantity of gold, it fixes the value of the note. It does no such thing as fix that value. Abundance and scarcity are the only regulators of value. By the issue of paper money, in additio n t o go ld money , money is made more abundant ; abu n d an t money creates confidence, investments are multi. P lied ) a vast qua ntity of bills at a d a t e are create d , this increased quantity of money and the incr ease d rap idity of its circulation lower its value, till the exportation of gold and the withd rawa l o f t h e paper again lower the prices, and s o a ll t ra d e i s made a n alternative of speculation a n d ru i n ; h onest industry is sacrificed, and the wat c h ers o f t h e turn of the market alone thrive, and thi s i s th e p l a i n and simple meaning of " I promise to pay." From an inherent necessity the use of paper money has grown in proportion to the pr ogress o f comme rcial civilisation, till it bears a dominant proportion to the use of metallic money, th a t the metallic money, though it can disarra nge , i s power less to regulate. The fixing the price of gold by Sir R o b e rt Peel's bill is pure Jac k Cadeism. If fixing the price fi xe s the value, why not fix the price of every thing! Why not fix the price of bread at ld. the quartern loaf g Simply because fixing the price does not fix, but merely disguises, the fluctuations in the value of our legal tender—fluctuations which arbitrarily disturb and alter all other values. H enc e the frequent ruin that has broken up our prosperity, disorganised ail its elements, and made our wealth, our insolvency, and our pauperism alternately the wonder of the world. IHence it is that the Times, awakened from its " delicious dream," has to guess and wonder whether we shall get over the 4th of each month At home for consultation dallyfrom eleven till two. end from six d!"‘" l e r :lk not got note." This me. 42-\ 7 l ave no c t a n e e v x e c n ha c n re g ( e lit fi ; r I m h o a ri vil e re et po vlt t tog - C 771 i te: ° r le • •••• 4, - hich a v it er y y ln o 'ro l 3 ( n l Pe ca rt s ;Y e, lw a l very intelligible civet a verrciftlatuuteA . , 1;1! • ;.et; case. We have no ' idea how it is to befTnekkiest;;•. : › • " Mr. Salt Coes not help us out of our :diflic . sr could name a hundred persons, each'of whom 8 be delighted to present with 1,0001. Will M s e Z us how we could do this, unless we happen .)04) 100 0001. to spare of our own ? i 7 • We are quite aware that it is not a subject to be tr . with. Few difficulties have stronger claims to our s yrn pathy than these of merchants and manufacturers who having been induced by prasperoas times to embark in ' same ventures, suddenly find themselves stranded by he creasing prices 'and failing demaud. It is superfluously r harsh to tr-- - advice when the error has been uenemite• that wed; s j :t u r a t the advice eeree the ergob beyond n have his gi' depth, ven and n should always keep a sufficient proportion of his capital in a ready and convertible form. If it is unkind to make thig suggestion at this time of clay, much more is it a mere moo ;ere , of distress to hint at impossible and inde scribal() remedies. When a manufacturer finds him self without money to pay his workmen and his cre ditors Mr. Salt calls on the State to make money for him. How can it do so, except by a miracle,? Indeed it is the State, as Mr. Salt himself n o ti ces, that wants money most of all. The State wants twice as much as usual, and thereby greatly aggravates, if it does not wholly cause, the distress of the manufacturer! They both enter the money-market, the food-market, the iron and lead.market, the labour-market, the ship-market, and various other markets, and the State must have what it wants at any price, while the manufacturer goes to the wall. The former has unlimited means—that unlimited as against each individual trader, while the latter has only limited capital and limited credit. The State cannot pretend to give and take at the same time. It only takes, and is now taking at a most fearful rate. Vain, then, is it to expect that the State can give the trader the capital which Mr. Salt complains that he finds himself deprived of. Let that gentleman look at his own figures, and he will find that the State is now taking, he says, fifty millions a-year more than usual, while the circulation at the service of trade is reduced by some six or seven mil. lions of gold, as many of notes, and doubtless a much larger quantity of private bills. Do not these two facts explain another It may not be an agreeable explana tion, but it is our business to tell truth—not to flatter ; least of all did we ever tell the British people that the war would conduce to their material prosperity. On the contrary, we know full well that there are martyrs in the Crimea and martyrs at home, and the latter are by far the most numerous and the most suffering of the two. Mr. SALT has sent us a second letter, which reads like a F.S. to the first, and accordingly lets oat rather more. Having been reminded that the bank-Dote is only a pro. miss to pay so many pounds, and that the aot of Parlia ment merely prescribes the weight of a pound sterling in gold, ha admits thak this js nejekreee but quantity. Yet he exclaims, "Hence die mystification and the - • fraud. The law binds us to pay our debts, not in an equivalent value of gold, but in a fixed quan tity." The law very properly binds us,—that is, every individua land the State itself, to do what they promised to do. What, then, was the promise ? Was it to pay an " equivalent ?" No such thing. Everybody, debtor and creditor, throughout the whole of these transactions was fully aware that the debts would be paid, not in an equivalent value of gold, but in a fixed quantity. Had the public lender heard a whisper of an " equivalent," or any other hoeus, he would not have advanced a six pence, except, perhaps, on a very much higher rate of interest. The understanding of the whole nation was, that the debt would be paid in what was then meant by a pound sterling in gold. The course recommended by Mr. Salt under the pretence of straightforwardness and honesty would have falsified every pecuniary engage. ment in the country. Mr. Salt has his eye chiefly to the emelusion of the late war, and his mean ieg is that we ought then to have compounded with our creditors, and compelled them to accept in full of all demands as much gold as they might be supposed, on calculation, to have lent to the State. Fortunately, however, for the honour and prosperity of the nation that was not done, and now Mr. Salt wishes to supply the omission by the issue of a paper which shall prevent us from incurringa debt of this literal, exact, and onerous description. This is to be an inconvertible legal tender paper. We have asked for some account of it again and again, to no purpose. But Mr. Salt now intimates very suspiciously that its purpose is, to extinguish debt. What, then, can it be—the sponge ? Not quite that. It is to extinguish debt on a reasonable estimate. Only think of it being left to every debtor in this country to pay just as much as he thinks it quite ne cessary to pay ! What a delightfully philosophical not to say metaphysical interest it would impart to all pecuniary transactions ! With what ec- Stacy the partners in an insolvent bank would read a resolution passed by the House of Commons, "The value of legal tender money is not special as is a dock warrant, but universal in its ministration to the great human necessity of cancelling debt." " The great human ne, essity" is felt very widely, and great would be the rejoicing at the issue of a paper to cancel it, not to pay it. But the rejoicing would be that which resounded day and night in the little kingdom described by Macau lay in the neighbour ing Whitefriars, between us and the Temple. It would be the rejoicing of rogues and thieves who had escaped debt and justice, and oared neither for prison nor for censure. Whether Mr. Salt would rejoice er not when it came to that point we do not know, but no hone t man would. happily the hue of editorial thoughts can change even as the cameleon's. In perfect anticipation of seeing you of another colour, and in its newest gloss,—l am very respectfully ye T. CLIITTON Sir,—You question me so directly through your cor reApondent Mr. Hill, that you bind me' to answer and ypurself to insert the reply. So, unhappy Mr. Editor, it is your doom that I should still be your correspondent, and that this currency ghost, which you have so often laid, should still haunt. your columns, making them hideous. Mr. Hill is right in his demonstration that if four so vereigns weigh an ounce, the price of gold will always be 4/. an ounce, let the value of gold vary as it may. In all other cases price is the index of value ; in this case it ceases to be so, and only denotes quantity ; hence the mystification and the fraud. The law binds us to pay our debts, not in an equivalent value of gold, but in a fixed quantity. Let us see bow it operates. We borrowed the bulk of our national debt at 601. in paper money worth about 401. in gold, or looz. of gold to the 1001. stock. We are bound to pay 250 z., and to pay in value 74 per cent. interest for 3 per cent. we agreed to pay ; and, when John Bull remonstrates against the wrong the callous usurer audaciously ex claims. " Why, John, are you going to cheat your cre ditors ?" and stupid, simple John agrees that the thing passes his understanding, and so the Reign of Fraud— the Reign of Fraud and Terror, is established. Mr. Hill says I have not pointed ou; any way of con ferring a definite value on mere pieces of paper. Mr. Hill has not read my letter. The value of legal tender paper is not special, as is a dock warrant, but uni versal in its ministration to the great human necessity of cancelling debt, and therein has a value perfectly in dependent of the law that makes it convertible into a fixed quantity of gold ; inconvertible legal tender minis tering to an equal want will have an equal *able., Its value as legal tender will vary, like all other articles_ of prime necessity' exactly in proportion to its "abundance or scarcity ; and to regulate its value it is only neces-: vary to regulate its quantity, which the present law deranges. How to regulate the quantity:we will see hereafter. Conversion of.monesintc_m_grikanclise is barter. Con ♦ersion of money int• any one partictiliFailiele* ie a monopoly of barter, at variance with all sound principle, and having the additional trifling objection that it is a physical impossibility to convert all debts into one article. The only legitimate function of money is that it shall cancel debt ; the only qualification we can require in it is that it shall be of steadfast value. Legal tender money regulated in quantity is payment of just value, and not a promise to pay. Forty years of alternate speculation and ruin, 40 years of torture under the effect of the Bank screw, have surely demonstrated beyond dispute that the issue or the withdrawal of legal tender money increases or diminishes the employment of labour, raises or reduces demand and the general range of prices. I myself am weary of what Lord Liverpool was pleased to call the stern path of duty. Listen, most gracious Editor, to your amiable enthusiast. Let us boil our peas and finish our pilgrimage in comfort. The regulation of our system by the exchange gives us no timely warning ; the train of mischief is all laid be fore it is possible to detect it ; there is no escape from the explosion ; the withdrawal of the paper money simultaneously with the gold money is a double curse, and it comes like remorse, that punishes, but does not prevent our errors. I do know a better standard than gold ; for the pre sent I will only c)m9ly with Mr. Hill's wish, and point out a better applioatisn of the gold standard. Deprive gold of its monopoly as a sole ultimate legal tender, and thereby restore it to its natural value ; cease to use it as a coin, and then it may serve as a point of comparison for your legal tender paper. Its rise or fall in price, other things equal, will instantly indicate the rise and fall in your legal tender paper, before a general rise in prices has stimulated general importations and turned the balance of trade against us ; there will then be no great premium on the exportation of gold, and if it is exported it will not in the least degree disturb our monetary system. I do not now pretend to fix what prise of gold will be a just standard. I assume—that in any case the standard must be made subservient to life and happiness, and that life and happi ness must not be sacrificed to the standard ; That a limited issue of legal tender paper will sustain its value, end that a sufficient issue will insure the full employinen of labour, creating the greatest amount of national wealth, and will also cause the greatest amount of national happiness, by its just distribution ; That it will sustain a regular range of prices propor- tionato to the cost of production se - Curinghonest indus. try from oppression, and limiting insolvency to folly and Tice. Happen what will the full employment of labour must be secured ; this is at once the first duty, the first right, and the keystone of social order. I have assumed these things as selfevident axioms ; if you can throw a doubt on them I am perfectly ready to inflict on you th• tediousness of demonstration. The public will not read a long letter, and your space forbids one, or I could show in the regulated develop ment of industrial power a dawn of hope brighter than your imagination dreams of; for the present the Bank continues to lose its gold and withdraw its paper —usury triutuph, and industry languishes. Can you tell me how far 18 millions of Bank issue is from panic point, and how near you will have the hardihood to approach ? Will the Government want a loan of 25 millions on of this remnant of circulation ? The re-ponsibility of the Tinier is great in proportion to its ir , finence. It, cannot think on these matters too deeply.—l am, Sir, very respectfully yours, THOMAS CLUTTON SALT. (Front the Morning herald.) We should scarcely deem it necessary to direct the attention of our readers to the anonymous correspon dence of a daily journal were it not put forth t.) the world with great pomposity as coming from " a high financial authority." Under the signature of " Mercator " the TiliteB has heralded forth to the w.rld what it is pleased to designate "a few simple truths on the currency." We have already referred to " Mercator'e" letter, but as the writer has put forward several of the gravest fal lacies, and Interwoven them with the moat ingenious sophistry, we shall again revert to the document. Let us first examine the point from which "Mercator" starts, and if his position can be established in this re spect all further argsment would be perfectly useless. In the first place he denies that our trade and com merce are carried on by means of paper m iney, or its circuiatioi , . if this were true what utility can we assign to the Bank of England itself ? In the next Vac() we are informed by this " high authority" that trade and ciinnierce are carried on only by ineims of capital, a word in which the supporters of the Peel currency theory delight be mystify every argu ment they advance. If "Mercator" means tha: trade and commerce cannot be conducted without the exist ence of capital, in the form of gold bullion, tlien was there never a greater f tilacy enunciated ; for the asser tion is contradicted by the transactions of daily life. Is the circulation of 38 millions of paper currency in the United Kingdom only a myth, or a mere phantom, existinL , only in the brain of some deluded fanatic ! Surely men who deal in bank-notes are not all dreamers, as " Mercator" would have us believe them to be. We con fess ourselves to he amongst those who believe the 18tAlt23 of hank-notes to be a verital.lo fact. We take them to be a part and parcel of the currency of the country, and essential to our existence as a commercial, a trading, and a tax-paying people. We maintain that the Crown alone shoehl have the right to grant these issues, on terms which should be male general throughout the country. The sovereign right of the State to control the i'sue of notes should be exercised with as much autho rity as ttie right to superintend the coinage at the Mint ; the demands of the pnb!ic being limited only by such restrictions as the Legislature might deem necee eery to enforce upon all who are engaged in the business of banking, upon the issue of such notes. " Mercator," like all those of the same school, is hor rified at the supposed violation of the promise to pay, and considers that without the Act of 1844 it wouldbe a mere empty and unsubstantial form n. words.of_sthe scurit But what is this promise, as it now I sta x,o l . B 7 1 The Bank cart equal to the promis©? only pay in gold by t point for the country to con sufferance,Certalnayri d not on absolute me tallic security. The great lted the issue 0f14,000,0001. g h a ou rn t i lb single grain of gold to re deemthat " the s ,, i f d p er ro ia m , w ise h , et t h o er p , a h l y ' a , h v e in g . remain im sel f i n irr th ev e o b ca e_ l l ) i l e e f . 2,l t , h r e c n . i or,, that consoles a shall prosperity and progress of a state this doctrine by the laws of nature. ' But we believe that li me but those who have placed themselves in a positi on fir above nature's demands. To the working of nature's laws he compares the circulation under the Act of 1844, which he says is made by that act to " depend on the free and unfettered course of the community in regard to their trading operations. If they bring in gold, they in: crease the circulation ; if they take out gold they dimi nish it. In this respect they are properly free agents ; neither law nor authority interferes with them, and thus the regulation of the amount of the currency is strictly in the hands of the public. This is sound and legitim is t e free trade in currency." Having made this announce• rent, " Mercator" inquires, with the most perfect sane' froid, whether an apt which thus provides for the circa. luting medium can be called " arbitrary" or " inelastic.' Those who seek for an amendment of our currency laws will not be carried away by such subtle and inge nious arguments as " Mercator" has put forth in the columns of the Times. Their object must be to reduce the system to something like simplicity, by sweeping away the strange anomalies that exist. The present fa vourable moment lost, and the m ono poly of the mousy power will re ar its head with redoubled force. Already is it exercising a most dangerous influence in the st a te. " Mercator" asserts i n the most au d ac i ou s manner tha t the circul a ti on i s entirely ut forward that ha d so l ittle in the hands of th e con?!t ry. Was ever a statement p truth to supp or t it I Did the country deoide upon allow iag the Bank o f E ng l an d to issue , 14 000,000/. up.* a debt to lend out at interest, b w_ile it received at the same time int eres t u pon that debt f Was it the will of th e country that placed a limit to the circulation of a ll banks of issue, and prohibite d th e establishment of any country,new hacks notes Wasthe will of the oeintry hacks throughout the itexcept such as s h ou ld use Bank of England that the Bank of E n gl and should have conferre d upon :exclusive privileg es, incom p atibl e with the int erests o f be ()wintry ! These are all questions that must be re plied to in the negative. It is true th a t t h e B ank corporation has been successful hitherto in securing to itself these extraordinary and exclusive privileges ; but is the continuance of them in accordance with the progress and spirit of the age in which we live 3 We are amongst the moat strenuous advocates for allowing the Bank of England to retain the high character and position it has so long maintained as a great national establishment; but we cannot allow ourselves to be de ceived by such fallacies as " Mercator" has gilded over with his accu s t ome d i ngenuity ; and we fee l persuaded that the B an k, as a corporate body, will fi n d the interest s of its proprietary rendered far more eacur! by 7i6414 to ( From the Times.) Mr. Salt, in the two letters which we published else where, has not answered our clia lenge to show us the formula for his own hauls-note, or legal tender paper, as he chooses to call it. In fact the challenge has never yet met with a plain, intelligible, and straightforward reply. Such a bank-note as he means is an imagination of the same character as that " perpetual motion" a hich an average number of half-crazy people are daily hunt ing after. In the ingenious machines constructed for this purpose the weight is to be always exerting its gravity, yet never losing its elevation ; the spring is to bo always moving the wheels, yet never uncoiling ; the ball is to be always rolling down, vet never effecting an actual descent. The bank-note of Mr. Salt and his school is to be always obtaining its value, yet never to be spent. The fortunate possessor is to be always " eating his cake," and nevertheless " having it." When a cat has eaten a mouse it will still go about looking for it. Mr. Salt's bank-note is to hear being eaten over and over again for ever. Fortunatus is always to find it at the I bottom of his purse. Ile spends it one day on a dinner, thy next day on a coat, the next day in wages, the net day in paying an old debt, but there it still is. Like the golden twig of the Sybil, if you pluck it, another immediately appears in its place, of equal glitter and virtue. Like the dogstealer's pet spaniel, it invariably comes back, and is sold next to a fresh customer. Such is the nature of this note, which may, for aught we know, exist in fAiryland, but has never yet been even described or conceived in this waking world with any degree of distinctness. It is a nondescript in the strictest sense of that word, for even they who affirm the possibility of thu thing do not commit themselves to a particular account of it. What we want is the legend. At present we are asked to give up a thing we know for something which does not exist, even in the imagination of its advocates, except in the most uncertain and nebulous form. There can be no com parison between a thing which is and a thing which is not, and which is not even placed within the reach of mortal faculties. In all processes of reasoning the first act, logicians tell us, is apprehension. When Mr. Salt has caught his legal tender paper, apprehended it, and laid it open to our understanding, in any form what ever, then it will be time to institute a comparison be tween it and the existing entity that we call a Bank of England note. But, having evaded the challenge to tell us what be wants, Mr. Salt, with much assumed triumph, pro poses to answer another question—viz., " Whist the matter with th e b an k note ?" " Why, it is gone !" says Mr. Salt, " That is the matter, and a pretty consider able matter too, seeing our debts are net gone with i it." T o th e same e ff ec t, when we recommend ,,T him to ascertain the meaning of 'the words,othe B promiseank of to pay 5/. on demand," by going t England and getting five _ sovereigns, he A vast replies, " I have not got the note ; hence my gr.i.of. quantity of gold has left the country, and, instead of the circulation e b ing kept up to a proper amount by the substitution of the paper money, the Bank of England has reduced its issues of notes as much as 6,000,0001. Even of this diminished issue of notes, observes Mr. Salt, a more than usual number are locked vp by 800 banks, thus further diminishing the quantity actually in circulation. Yet we are paying double taxes. This account of the present state of ;things may be true enough, and deplorable enough, but Mr. Salt himself does not prescribe the remedy. He does not even ex pressly recommend that the Bank of England should be at liberty to issue as many not as it pleases, with out any regard to the quantity of gold in its vaults. He does not say that he would be satisfied with a re peal of the Banking Acts of 1844, 1845. He simply attacks the existing state of things, which is always easy to do. Had he demanded a return to the state of things before 1844, we might have asked what it was that created a necessity for the change. Mr. Salt knows full well that the circulation of the Bank of Eng land notes fell even lower on several recent occasions be fore 1844 than it has since. Nor can he doubt that, even if the Bank were quite at liberty to issue as many notes as it Fleeced, with its increased experience, it would not be likely to exceed its present limits, It would mill be possessed with a wholesome fear of "runs," and would therefore be far from satisfying all the gentlemen who might find themselves with wages and debts to pay and no money to pay them with. Then, if Mr. Salt care fully abstains from suggesting the remedy, his complaint merely comes to that very old and very ordi nar y one— ; a want of m one y. It is c omprised in the words, " I BF. 38 52 5U 1 16 Ape •i oa ; Ded, Sod laill