The Sun. — London, England, 1820-07-20 00:00:00

YORK ASSIZEi, MO'IDIY, JULY 17. The Commission was opened on Saturday, and ,the judges attended Divine Service yesterday, in the Cathedral, when a very suitable Sermon was preached by Mr. M(FARLANt, the High ,Sheritrs (H. VANSITTART, Esq.) Chaplain. This morning at 9, Mr. Justice BAYLEY charged the 'City Grand Jury in the Guildhall, and after -Ivards tried two felonies in that Court. One of them was the -case of Francis Cooper, a good look;ng youth, who was convicted of stealing horse from the Clerk of the Peace for the city of 'York, and on occasion of visiting his father in the .lunatic asylum at Clifton. There are four pri .soners yet to be tried in the city ; one of.them Is a very young man, charged with stealing a bill to the amount of 50W. Both Judges proceeded to the Castle at twelve o'clock ; Mr. J ustice Park took his seat in the Crown Court; Mr. Justice Bayley on the Civil side. Several cases, of no public interest, were disposed of. Mr. Scarlett does not appear to have arrived yet. Mr. Brougham was in Court ~ d uring the day. ROWN COURT. . The calendar consists of two divisions. The ,first part contains 39 prisoners ; 5 for murder, 1 for rape, 2 for highway robbery, a for burglary, •tt for forgery, 1 for child murder, 2 far mali ciously shooting and wounding, 3 for sheep-steal. ing, l for horse-stealing, 13 for theft of various descriptions, and 1 for administering deleterious tuff' to a young woman for the purpose of occa sioning an abortion. Besides these, two other prisoners were conducted into the Castle on Sa.• turday last. IGIT TREASON. The second part of the calendar contains the mimes of 25 prisoners charged with High Trea son, and with the specific act of levying war against the King. They are of various ages, from '2O to 50. Two periods of time, and two places, are particularly specified the 31st of March at Huddersfield, and the I(2th of April at G rap ge-moor. The numbers at the former place :.re stated at .500 and more ; at the latter 300 and more are stated to have assembled in arms. Only fire of the prisoners are charged Ns ith haNing traitorously assembled at Huddersfield. Many of them, besides the charge of meeting on the 12th of April, are charged " with having on the right of the 11th of April riotously and tumul tuously assembled at Dodworth, armed with pikes and other weapons, and forcibly entered the dwelling-house of William Siddons, and by threats endeavoured to compel him to go with them to join the general rising of the disaffected, for the purpose of effecting by force and violence an alteration in the laws of the kingdom." The , committing Magistrates are—John Haigh, B. Haigh Allen, Josh. Scott, Esquires, and Stuart Corbett, D. D. The customary formalities that precede the criminal business of Assizes occupied more than usual time on this occasion, as it TVI3 the first Assizes dated in the reign of George IV. There was a very numerous attendance of Magistrates ; among them was observed the Rev. Sydney Smith. The names of all the Princes of - the Royal Fa- mils, including Prince Leopol-1, and, we believe, the names of all the Privy Council, are included in th 2, Commission. The Judges of the several Courts, and the Attorney and Solicitor-General, are also included. Mr. Justice PA.nx took occasion, as the names of the Coroners were calling over, to caution -then', as well as Justices of the Peace, from exa mining prisoners on oath, as that precluded their statements from being received in evidence, and might thus frustrate, in many cases, the purposes of justice. The Hon. George Saville, Viscount Pollington, is foreman of the Grand Jury. The Proclama- ,ton against vice, profaneness, and immorality, was .read in eKactly the same terms as usual, excepting that it is dated from Carlton House, Feb. 12, 1820. Mr. Justice PARK charged the Grand Jury td the following effect :—They were assembled under his Majesty's commission, to discharge the most important and the most awful duty which could devolve on them as Members of 'So -ciety—he meant the administration of criminal justice. Bat having, while at the bar, and before he had been raised to his present station, known them as Magistrates, and some of them as Mem bers of the Grand Jury, he should have made no address at all to them, but that the present ca lendar contained charges connected with a sub ject not so generally known, on which it was of great importance that he should address some ob servations to them, and on which some observa tions must be expected by them. The subject to which he alluded was high treason—a crime of a very deep dye, and a crime which, he could say from experience, was not of frequent occurrence in this countye-,of no occurrence at all, he might say ; and he. hoped this would , be the last occa sion of inquiring into it for many, many years, for the credit both of themselves and of the county. Ii igh-treason was ranked pre-eminent in criminali ty, as it tended snore than anv other crime to disor ganize and subvert the very fabric of society. The particular kind of high-treason charged on the present occasion was levying war against the Kin , in the realm. This was declared to be high treason treason by a very old statute, the 25th of Ed. ward 111., which began in the following terms : —(Here his Lordship read a large part of the act, and explained the meaning of i‘ prove _ ably attaint of that deed by men of their con dition.")—On that statute the bills to be prefer. red before them were framed. Besides the sta. tule of Edward, there was an act passed in the year 1796, the 36th Geo. 111. ch. 7., which extended the act of Ed ward particularly as to the levyi ng of war. This act was made per petual by the 57th of Geo. II 1.,.ch. 6. By the 6th of Geo. 111. the compassing, devising;, in tending to levy war, &c. was made high treason, us well as the actual levyin" of war, &c. It was possible, for he did not know how that was, 'that the bills might be framed on this - statute also. fie rnentimed only the Parts of those statutes which referred to levying war, so as not to dis- ' tract their attention. The second statute he had mentioned was in this regret an enlargement of the first. The first required actual levying of war ; the second required intention merely, provided that intention was manifested by overt acts, such as declarations; printing or circulating incitements to treason. The state of the country, and the disposition of the times, unfortunately, but im periously, called at the time for such an act to guard all that was dear to us. High treason must be proved by two witnesses. In this it dif fered from the Law of England on all other sub jects except perjury ; but two witnesses were not required for the same act, their testimony might refer to different acts. If one act was in this county too another fact might be in another county. But he observed from the depositions, that all the overt acts charged were in this county. So mild and merciful were the laWs of England on this head, that all the overt acts must be set out on the face of the indictment. He should now pro ceed to explain to them why conduct such as would be charged. in the Bills was construed a levying of war. This he should do on the autho rity of all his predecessors on the Bench cele brated for their knowledge and their integrity. He referred not only to adjudged cases, but also to text-writers ; and on their anthority he said that any large rising for a general: purpose was a lying of .war against the King. It must not be from private revenge, or to redress private wrongs. The pomp and circumstances of war were not necessary. If it was for the purpose of redressing any real or supposed grievance by physical force, and the parties had no private or particular concern with the grievance, that was a levying of war, however they might be armed ; for the law said, " furor - arena ministrat." He had thus given them the doctrine of his predecessors, and the concentrated wisdom of antiquity. But it was necessary to refer explicitly to the greatest au thorities on this momentous subject. 11e first called their attention to Blackstone, a celebrated commentator on the laws of England, and .known to every gentleman and every scholar.—[llere his Lordship . read copious extracts from 'Black stone req'ecting the law of levying war against the King in . his realm..]—The next authority to which he called their attention was Foster, whO was traditionally stated to have been a great as ,, erter of liberty.—[His Lordship read large extracts here from Mr. Justice Foster, in illus tration of tl.e circumstances required to consti tute a levying . of war against the King in his realm."--But he understood it would be given in proof before them, that the persons charged with High Treason were armed with military weapons. The authority he should next quote was that of Hale, who, whether considered as a magistrate, as a man, or as a Christian, was above all human panegyric. [here he read Male's well-known distinction between a design to destroy an enclosure, or particular enclosures, and a design to destroy all enclosures.] He could have carried them back to more remote antiquity, and have shown that he was supported by more ancient authorities ; .but he hoped he had satisfied them, he knew he had satisfied himself, that he had conscientiously stated the law upon this subject,. Having ascertained the law, they were next to satisfy themselves whether overt acts were cam, mitted,• and of a general character. Then they were to inquire whether the persons charged had been engaged in those acts. Meetings, consultations, confederacies, as to the manner in which the object was to be attained ; engage ments to assist ; compelling - of others to assist ; breaking open of houses for arms ;—all these were overt acts of high treason. The acts of every individual were the acts of all, even although not present or connected with those who com mitted them before that time, because by subse quent assent they were understood to have agreed in all that had been done before for the nefarious purpose in view. He had read many, but not all, of the depositions; but he would not go into detail for fear - of exciting a prejudice, which God knew was not his purpose. The unrea sonableness of the attempt ; paucity- of num bers (though here they were more numerous than the well-disposed could wish ;) the humble condition of the parties; the want of fit equipments; the inadequacy of the means, however wild and hopeless they might really be—=and wild and hope less he hoped the object of such desperate and wicked men would always be—did not diminish the criminality of the act. We knew that rash and evil-designing men expected many advan tages from insurrection, and there was no doubt that insurrection, if not checked in time, would get many adherents ; for of insurrection it was always true—vires acquiril eundu.—Surely it was a duty they owed to the peaceable inhabitants to afford them the immediate protection of the law; for he could not but consider it a morbid philan thropy, and not much of Christian charity, to be more anxious to afford relief to the wicked and pro fligate than to giVe praise to those that did well. His Lordship then explained the law respecting the evidence of accomplices : it was to be received with caution, to be examined with attention, to be weighed deliberately, and to be considered care fully. It was ordained by Providence that law less .men could never find their confederacies in vice characterized by stability. He had heard this doctrine explained on that Bench, with a clearness and force never to be surpassed, by two as distinguished Judges as ever adorned the Bench—he meant l'ilr.Chief Baron Thompson and Mr. Justice Le Blanc. It was in 1813, and he was leading Counsel for the prosecution. Hav ing the example of such distinguished men, lie continued to entertain the opinions he had stated ; and although they were cavilled at and opposed, he sho u ld con ti nue to entertainand to act on them till higher- judicial authority than his would t sanction their abandonment. The alarm and distress which, disturbed the country since the commencement of the present year, he was sorry to say, --h u t it was his clear opi nion, and the depositions confirmed that opi nion,—were in a great degree to be imputed to the wicked publications, to the multitude of . wicked and blasphemous pamphlets printed and circulated with nnremitted diligence, which ca lumniated Government, and dictated a bold and infamous defiance of God him?elf. He need not say how much it was their duty to discourage every publication of that description, and to per suade their neighbours to discountenance all books and prints of such a tendency, for they ultimately led to the chambers of ignominious death. Their own bright example would teach loyalty to the Sovereign, and respect to the laws of God, as the means of present felicity and of happiness hereafter. If, on the subject of Trea son, or any other point, they felt any doubt, they might command the best advice which he or his Learned Brother could give. Ile had directed that the bills for high Treason should not be the first preferred before them, because they could not be tried within_ the compass of the Assizes ; but if they should find any bills of this kind, the Assizes would be adjourned, that those persons against whom bills might be found might come to be tried as early as the law admitted. His Lordship concluded with making some observa tions upon the evidence required to support a charge of an extremely delicate nature in the calendar. HIGH TREASON. SPECIAL COMMISSION OF OYER AND TERMINER STIRLING, Jury 15.—Although the Court did not adjourn till three o'clock this morning, the Commissioners entered the Hall at ten.—When the prisoners were placed at the bar, James Cle land, smith, of Glasgow, was named for trial. Mr..ls:rrarr stated, that seeing the issue of the trials of and Hardy, notwithstanding the struggle of their Coun• sel, he thought it his duty to advise the prisoners, if they Were conscious of their guilt, to withdraw their plea of Not Guilty and to throw themselves on the mercy of their Coun try. AurovaTE addressed the Court. He wished it to be understood, that this line of conduct Was adopted by the prisoners without any bargain being made for (hum He had no doubt they might receiVe the mercy of the ('Town ; but he considered it his duty to intimate the possibility, nay the probability, that the prisoners might, notwithstanding their pleading Guilty, suffer capitally. Mr. J etiHEY acknowledged, that there had been no com promise. The prisoners then severally pleaded guilty. They were taken from the bar and sent back to the Castle. The LORD PRESIDENT remarked, that although Mr. Jeffrey had objected to Mr. SetTeant • 1-lullock appearing against the prisoners, yet, in fart there was no necessity for the objec tion. If the whole Bar of England had been engaged for the prisoners, they would not have been better defended than t hey had been by the ability and perseverance of Mr. Jeffrey. Ei'ery point was urged, and every effirt made that was pos sible. This handsome and well.nierited compliment was eon chided, by his Lordship observing, that the result of these trials bad been to raise the character of tt.e Scottish Bar. Join Anderson, wearer, St. Niniates, was next put to the Bar. Ile withdrew his plea of Not Guilty. The. Loan ADVOCATE said, that it was unneeesary for hint to repeat the statement he had made when the other prisoners intimated their wish to plead Guilty. A Petition was presented to tire Court, from certain persons belonging, to Camelon, praying that the Bench would appoint Mr. Fran.cis Jeffrey and Mr. J. P. Grant, to act as their Coun sel ; and failing either of them, Mr. Cullen. These indiri• duals arc not yet 'arraigned, James Crau,for•rl, wearer, Ba4Trore, also withdrew his plea. The same intimation was made by the Public Prosecutor with respect to the terms on which he made his confession. The i.OKD AorocaTE said,:that there were different shades of guilt ; and, as the guilt of the prisoner was not so aggra vated as that of some of the other prisoners, it would cer tainly gire him great personal pleasure to see the Royal Cle mency extended to this youth. The Petit Jury were discharged for the time but they, as well as the Grand Jury, were directed to attend on Monday, the 31st inst. when the Court will resume its 'sittings. The Court adjourned at mid-day. Mr. J. P. Grant is. expected in Glasgow. on Monday. TIMBER DUTIES. MINUTES of EVIDENCE tdatire to the TIMBER TRADE, taken before the SELECT COMMITTEE of the HOUSE of LORDS, appointed to inquire into the Means of extend. ing and securing the FOREIGN TRADE of the COUN TRY, and to Report to the House. (Continued from our Paper of yesterday.) GEORGE COWIE, ESQ. is then called in and examined as follows: What Business have you peen principally engaged in ?—A Sycedish Merchant. During what period I . —For twenty-nine years. lias it been particularly in tie Timber Trade, or in Trade generally, that you have been engaged ?—Tradegenerally. - - State to the Committee what fluctuations you have ob served in the Trade between Sweden and this Country during that period, and more particularly with reference to the Trade in Timber?—The fluctuations I have observed are, that the Exports to Sweden hare very much diminished, in consequence of the heavy Duties rendering the Import of Timber and Deals from Sweden unprofitable to the Swedes, which presented them from ordering Goods in return in a great measure. Has the Timber, during the period you hare been convers ant with the Trade, been principally imported in vessels:of British or of Swedish built ?—Principally in vessels of Swe dish ' , milt. Has that been owing to the greater cheapness of Swedish freight ?—Not altogether; but chiefly to there being a higher Duty in Sweden on she Export of Timber and Deals coming by a British ship from Sweden than in one of their own ves sels, and partly because must of the Exporters of Timber and Deals in Sweden are also Ship-owners. s u pposing no such Duty existed, which freight do you ima gine would, under all circumstances, hc . the cheapest cannot answer that question with precision. Do you think there would be a material and decisive dil l. %eller in favour of one or the other ?—Not very material. In what mode were the Bills drawn fur the payment of British Timber imported into this Country from 'Sweden c hiefly liquidated ?—The Bills fur the Timber and Deals shipped to this Country are commonly drawn at seventy-five or ninety da)s date; but Sweden has always more Bills to remit than to draw upon England, because the balance of Trade between the two Countries is cousidetably against Sweden. Do a considerable number of vessels that import Timber from Sweden return in ballast y either return in bal last, or else they go to the South of Europe for salt, or in qtirst of a freight, and some of the ships return (ruin hence with cargoes of British and Colonial produce. , Are you of. opinion, that if the consumption of Swedish Tittiltrr was greatly increased in this Country by a remission of Duty, or any other circumstance, the consumption of Eug list, manufactures in Sweden would be increased ?—ln an swer to that, I would observe, that English Manufactures are generally prohibited into Sweden at this morniint, and filet aur: I cannot sayahey would be increased. There are certain species of manufacture that are admissible, but nut gener4ty, and of such the consumption in Sweden would no doubt be increased by a remission of the Duty on Timber. Did you not understand that Prohibition to have been partly, if not principally. occasioned by the increased Duties upon the Importation of Timber in this Country ?—I believe they were partly so occasioned. Ilaie you a ll y opportunity of knowing to 'what degree the cousumption of English manufactures in Sweekti would be carried, were they subject neither to prohibition, nor to any considerable amount iit DM) ?—No, I have nut. There are culisiderable Debts now due front Sweden to this Count re, are there not I—There ale. IVihnld not an increased Importation of Timber from Swe den ate'ord means, which do not nosy exist, of liquidating those debts I—lt certainly would. Is nut Sweden a particularly poor Country?—Yes, it is. Upon what grottod do you think there would be any con siderable demand - for our Manuf4ctures, if there were to lie a remis4iuu of duty t.--Lecauze tbri would hare more means of pitying for them, if they could sell their goods to adran tace. Hare von ever exported porter, rum, or cotton Yarn t° Sweden frequently. Of late years ; tam now exporting Cotton Yarn , and continually export it; Rum and Porter are no"' P" . hihited. They have been prohibited since the last duty laid on the importation Of Swedish Timber into this Country, have WI nut. ?—Yes, they hate. They were prohibited immediately, were they not . 2 -Te i, they were, at least I believe so. IS not the importation of certain numbers of Cotton y arn prohibited of late years ?-...Certainly; the low numbers, fr"ff' No. t to 25, which they are supposed to be capable of making for themselves. Did not thAt prohibition immediately follow the impot;t i°3 of our last duty on Foreign Timber ?—I rather think it did., Had the Exports of porter, ruin , and the low numbers 0' Cotton Yarn, been considerable before that prohibition Yes, in proportion to the trade to Sweden generally. tb: You have stated, that the high duties have diminished importation of Titahrr from Sweden, do you moan that o°7 have so done by raising the market price of Timber, o r 0 ; enabling the Canadian Merchants to undersell the Swedis4• —By enabling the Canadian Merchants to undersell the Swedish. Can you state the comparative aualitits of th" Tin t grown in Sweden, and the Timber in the other Northern States ?—The Swedish Timber is reckoned next to the Pray . sian Timber, the best that comes to this market. What is it as compared with the -Norway ?—The Norw i c Timber is, I suppose, equally good, but it is generally smaller dimensions. Is Sweden a Country rapidly increasing in population t.itis all ?—No, I rather think it is stationary, or at least that t" increase is hut inconsiderable. Do you know what is the cause of the Norway Timber brift shorter in its sizes than any other Timber ?—I cannot spa to that, as I am not in the habit of trashing to Norway. Yon- have stated that the Swedish vessels, after havn brought their cargo of Timber here, were in the habit,... ° going to the Southern Ports of Europe for cargoes of salt . Frequently from the Port of London. Why was not it more convenient to them, and why did tb e j, not get their salt from hence ?—Because to proceed ( " 0 London to Liverpool for Salt would be both tedious and el; pensive, and by going to the South .of Europe they won , have the chance of procuring freight, which would be l' h ", object, and then- they Lad always a. cargo of Salt as " deinicr resort. Do you confine what you say now to the Port of UMW fr.. Ye,. ha t Yon •spoke of a balance due to you from the Swedes; mo le have the Swedes, or hare they any mode of paying the balance of Trade, comparing the Exports to them with thi f own cargoes of Timber ?—Not their Timber only, but th e ' . tar, inin, and pitch. Suppose a balance of Trade after that, giving them oval, for those articles, have they any means of paying any balal ic , of Trade that may be against them ?—Yes, they have aleible of doing sa, from their profits in the carrying Trade ' the' South of Europe, and elsewhere, and front the profits of Commerce with UI hr r- Countries. tb° Is it not very difficult to get such a balance?—lt is r and Exchange is excessively unfavourable to Sweden. Therefore, so. far, au increased Trade with Sweden w° ls O g not be very desirable for a Merchant to engage in do "- clearly understand the proposition. From the difficulty they hare in paying the balance bier, tweet) the English Merchants and them, would it be a i ° t , able thing for a British Merchant to increase his ExPor t. i, 6 Sweden ?—lf he had confidence in his Correspondent', 1, would have no hesitation in doing it, because there wealthy individuals in Sweden, who can always find 1-1. means of remitting. Then there is no difficulty in getting balances front 51 ;„, den, when balances are due from the Swedish Mercha nts : only meant to say, that a Merchant would have no lion in increasing his Trade with those individuals in .• den in whom he had perfect confidence, but that there i' very great difficulty in general, at present, in consequenc e- 0 the eachange being so unfavourable , every person who tray with Sweden is aware. it The question is intended as a general queition, whether., would tie a desirable thing for a British Merchant to in ert* , his Exports generally to Sweden; taking in those p erson ri , to whom yon allude of great capital, and the other de scr i i,. Con of Merchants, generally speaking, under all the eir Gi t he stances of the times, would an increased trade between British Merchant and Sweden be desirable or not ?—lt °- be 'desirable. off Hare you any reason to know whether there is, or r i a disposition at present in the Swedish Government to cu be rate a fair commercial intercourse with this country F." 4 iieve there is that disposition. , et that th , a dirt ;laced in rou mentioned that tre _ ay p'k, i.. Deals and Timber exported in British Ships has there bta fr any alteration of that Duty made try the Swedish Goverilailif since our Duties were imposed hat been oceasion,lo, relaxed at the request of the Swedish Merchants, bat no Y n maitet alteration has take plac. Are you aware whether there e i , any considerable dist r.° in Norway and Sweden at present ?—1 believe there is. 0 To what cause do you principally attribute it ?—parttiiig the re-action of the Peace coining upon them, and del ) ! l ' l iit them of the carrying Trade, and partly to the diminution:ifs price . of their comniudities in Foreign Countries, abic ti) Eng' n Sh e a Do you consider the high Duties laid in England tir - f t Importation of their Timber, by preventing the FAPA' a lis that Timber from Swettea, to have contributed ate any c° derahle degree to that distress ?—f think it has. der e' May not therefore that distress, its a consicterable t in% occasioned, as you conceive, by the difficulty of etcPc)r op ti to this Country that Timber, in conseqUence of the bigt!._ o tti laid in this Country on the Importation of it, h ave contri o o r to make the population of Sweden stationary ?—1 rea ll Y d OA/ not take upon myself positively to say that it has hit toe effezt, but I think it not improbable that it has 1 indurtice in that respect. The Witness is directed to withdraw. (To be Continued.) 0 °C The Colossus and Queen men of war, rat ° the oldest ships in the Royal Navy, are area to be broken up at Chatham, where they a re lying. faller) For the last three days a heavy rain ha s be at intervals, for at least thirty miles rou ps we' Capital, and in some places the water ha s rally descended in torrents. Mg/ ATTEMPTED SUlClDE.—Yesterday morn re• man named Churchill, a painter and glazi,e,r Doe siding at Battle-bridge, was discovered u:bed• of his children hanging from a hook in h is room ; the child gave the alarm and the u :s or tunate man was cut down. Mr. • Sandal/ a tro geon, attended and opened a vein in e ach fi a d using such other • means as were necessario/iilit finally succeeded in recovering him. Las t st od he was pronounced out of danger, wren he o f teli that extreme distress, having a family us e a, children and a pregnant wife, was the - e a , r a j his committing the rash act. About 1 6 t rc ia collected among the neighbours for th e st ' family. .1.1...1.1..... ..."" - of - BIRTH. 11 , ill On Vt'ednesdav morning, in Weymouth-street, til s ././ George Wilder, Esq. of a sun. -------"--- a MARRIED. 51,.0 On the lath of rebrunry, at Madras, Trientl 1 9 3k . 0 '11 3 , r r f .i7D0 the Flononruble East India Company's Service, ,laripil ► ' dnuithter of the late Captain Eirell illitCliollaidi ° I SCOI lan CI. ' , - - OS —_,......—. . DIED. of • On Tuesday, in town, Thomas Jacob White, g"l' .fl Ou Sunday, J..ly ley, in the County of Worcester. , roc ° . cut an , h ol Bookseller there. ii , f k, fic Ct On the 14th inst. at Cork, Nlrs. Hoare, re. ---t ,ffe 'IV, Hoare, Esq. and formerly relict of the late Ge` ) ".ol 0 " dIP Esq. Ly this Lady's death, and t to the ''' p uerP pursuant 2, at Brechin,S 1 d gr„lero-5 late Nir. Piers y, his estate has now beconic the Poi, Edmond Koapp, Esq. now Edmund Knapp Pl"" r ' g fl": I.(: ) N ri l l ) „ ? , N id : st li r r c i ,, n t t:ll (4 ll.l n ..l 4 l l . • Or s v ,' SCItIPPS, of N.. 7, S oath Nioltowstreet, a ~. Or Otl:ce, No . 112, Ntrand : where Advettiseruen'`, Gritert, Sec. (post-pail) mutt he atidregir 4 ` t(ia;Arci.t;STAlltS, ot by ,;v 0 and publishedt Do 4 , off