The Sun. — London, England, 1842-06-10 00:00:00

STEAM NAVIGATION IN THE PACIFIC. The progress of steam nvigation in the Pacific Ocean, set on foot by the enterprise of British mer chants, and calculated to be of so much service to this country, is shown in some interesting correspon dence lately received. In addition to the coal mines previously worked, further supplies have been ob. tamed from the Island of Amortaj ado, where a light house is in course of erection. Nothing can be more likely to promote tranquillity among the republics of South America than a good system of coasting com munication, such as steamers afford. 1 The following letter relates to the discovery of coal at Santa Clara : " P.S.N.C. steamer Chile, Guayaquil, N0v.1841. " TO VINCENTE ROCAFUERTE, ESQ., GOVERNOR, &C. " Sir,—l have the honour to inform you that after embarking the lighthouse frames, iron work, lantern, &c., on a balsa, we took it in tow in the Guayas (a small steamer intended for navigation of the river of fiuyaquil), and proceeded to the island of Santa Clara (or Amortajado), where we arrived on the evening of Sunday last, and with very great difficulty, owing to a heavy surf, succeeded in landing everything by l‘londay night. " Having superintended laying the foundation, I proceeded in the Guayas to the Payana Shoals, leaving the prosecution of the work in the hands of Captain Rojas and Mr. Girdon ; and during 'Tuesday laid down a black buoy, bearing a staff and ball, .f.fteen feet high, off the extremity to the outermost and most projecting spit, the position of which, together with that of the lighthouse and the other buoys, I beg to hand you herewith annexed. We anchored otf Mr. Cope's house, at Punta Espanola, on Tuesday evening, completed our water for the use of the island, and took off the two white buoys left here by Captain Rojas, in the Diligencia, by midnight. the following morning I visited the top of the Cerro Mala, in company with Mr. Cope, to observe - tile best stations for telegraphs, and to examine the nature of this part of the island of Puna geologi cany ; and from what I saw and examined I am led to believe that coal exists there. 1 have pointed out to Mr. pe the spot I consider the most likely to find a vein, which that gentleman intends searching for without loss of time. The best places for telegraph stations I have enumerated in the appendix. " 1 take this opportunity of stating that I consider Punta Espanola a place well adapted for steamers or other Vessels getting supplies of fuel and water, which are of the best description, and a wharf or mole may ,be easily constructed. " We left Punta Espanola on Wednesday at two p.m., and placed o ne w hit e b uo y on the N.E. spit of the shoal (called in Spanish Bajo Mala), and then iroceeded to look for the shoal said to exist off Punta _ krennas, which after much trouble, time, and pa t fence, we had the good fortune to find, and laid down the other white buoy off its S.E. extremity. This is a very dangerous shoal, and I should strongly recom mend that whenever an opportunity offers a balsa .should be moored on the spot the buoy now occupies, marrying a light elevated 50 or 60 feet above the level of the sea, and the buoy removed to the middle of the Mala Shoal. I should likewise recom ,-uend that a black buoy should as soon as possible be• placed on the spit of the shoal lying off the mouth bt . _Bala° river ; one also on the shoal lying 1 mil's E. of Punta 'Mandinga (or Puna Bluff), which is sointstimes dry, and another black buoy close to the west side of the sunken rock laying off Punta Piedra, which would complete the navigation of this noble river, and render it safe and secure. Whenever the trade of the port shall warrant it, a revolving light on Punta Mandinga (or Puna Bluff) would be very serviceable to lead vessels up to Puna in the night. " We returned to the Island of Santa Clara, or Amortajado, on Thursday morning ; and at five p. m., the frames being all up, we had the honour to drink your Excellency's health, and success to the repub of Ecuador; and the flag of the nation being at the same moment unfurled from the top of the lighthouse it was immediately saluted by the guns of the schooner of war Diligencia. The light will be permanently lit on the Ist of December next. " As all our energies have been directed to the erection of the lighthouse, which to carry to the top of the hill was a work of great labour, no search has been yet made for the vein of coal or water; but I beg herewith to hand you further specimens of what I procured from a stratum of carbonaceous schist last evening, about 100 feet above the level of the sea ; and 1 set four men to sink a pique (shaft) before I came away, in a spot I think likely to strike the vein. " I have much pleasure in stating that I have re ceived ,the greatest assistance from Capt. Doyle, Capt. Rojas, and Mr. Gordon ; and I have the himour to be your Excellency's most obedient servant (Signed) " GEORGE PEACOCK." To which the subjoined reply was received (Translation.) Letter from Dr. Vicente Rocafuerte to George Pea cock, Esq., Commander of the steamer Chile, and Second Superintendent of the Pacific Steam Navi gation Company in the Pacific. " Guayaquil, Nov. 1841. " Aluch-esteemed Sir,—lt has afforded me great pleasure to receive the communication you have been pleased to address to me, under date of the 10th inst., furnishing me with a detailed and minute account of the voyage which, at my suggestion, you had the goodness to undertake to the island of Amortajado, lo the purpose of there erecting a lighthouse. In that voyage you have not only realised but even ..exceeded our most sanguine hopes; for you have resolved the problem, that on our coast coal is to be found, being the only obstacle that timid and unenterprising minds have opposed to the .successful result of steam navigation in the Pa c ific. I give you my most cordial congratulations for so important a discovery, and, should you have . ime to explore our territory, I feel assured that your -ta lent, in conjunction with your enlightened activity, w ia meet with new objects worthy of the considera oun of the wise English, and probably conducing snore to facilitate steam navigation. The samples of coal you have brought from the l a i aru i, and which you have had the polite attention to send to me, have appeared very excellent to all those a vainted with the matter, who have examined them ; and as no doubt now exists that this mineral is to be met with in the island of Amortajado, we ft . "1 assured that it is also to be found in the adjacent of . La Puna, and that it will likewise be met island of Santa Elena, as well as on the with is.' the coast of &: 713 c'e° - ...r n; vself that by following your suggestions tiatt. we shall fresh water in the island. The yerba de salvage, 0f dy e -lichen, you have sent to me is like wise of a ver v good quality. With regard to the -uano, we shall,e;. amine it, and see what it is. At all * efro ents, as far as are concerned, it is a new article mwhich we may derive some commercial adran- tap's. _lt is a fortunate circumstance to have discovered the ooal mine whilst seeking out the most favourable spot en . erecting a lighthouse ; and this new discovery eviderray proves the correctness of the calculations that have served asa basis for executingthe noble and magnificent undertaking of steam navigation in the :Pacific, and further contributes to ensure the 11,•ture interests of the Company, and to favour the gress of commerce and science in general. The es t t , b lishrnent of steam navigat;,on in the Pacific, secure as it now is, is in effect to have 13;:ought by the route of the Isti, mus of Panama, Europe anal America close to each °the:* ; and to have placed the secret treasures and wonders a nature in this part of the new world under the view And direct investigation of the savans of Europe. " I shall avail myself of all the observations you have had the goodness to make for the purpose of cor recting the defects of the Guayas, and putting her, s you recommend, in good sailing order, This is other important service you have rendered us; and it i I particularly aKreeable to me to acknowledge that, ~t o the arrival of the steamer Chile in this river, vr y day that you and Mr. Wheelwright have re m wined with us has been marked by some act of public u :ility---thanks to the talent, zeal, and firmness o f both of you in promoting the advanta g es of this river navigation. We shall be indebted to you for the erec tion of the lig h t house, the discovery of coal in the island of Amortaja do, the finding of the dye-lichen, And the guano ; and , in fine, for the new method of buoys, invented by you for avoiding the river shoals. "Guided by the purest sentiments of gratitude towards you, and entertaining ardent wishes for your individual good fortune , and the prosperity of the ,Pacific Steam Navigation Company, I have the honour to subscribe myself, your most faithfu ser vant and devoted friend, (Signed) " V. ROCAFITERTE." In a pecuniary point of view it is satisfactory to find that the English have not embarked their capital n promoting steam navigation on the Pacific without a prospect of a profitable return, which is shown in ' following extract from the log of the - Chile, for p ft -ember, 1841 .‘. Dec. 27th.----Left Callao with 86 passengers, and 35 ,0c0 dollars. f.a . th.—At 6 a.m.,, anchored at Pico, landed 33 pmsert g•ers, took on board 56 packages, and sailed igam at 2 a.m. •• 30th—At 6 a.m. anchored at Islay, landed 21 .sengers and 165 packages ; took on board 9 pas sey';is -era, 150 packages, and 3 ,000 dollars, and sailed at pat '• 44 m:st—At 6 a.M. arrived off Arica, landed 8 pas sengers And 133 packages; took on b oar d 10 passen . 1 45 packages, and 500 dollars, and sailed at rat 10 p.m. a n, Ist—At 9 a.m. anchored at Iquique, la n d e d 6 passe vrs, 76 p ac k ag e 4, and 14,000 doll ars • took . bw,i3 passengers, 11 package, and 2,520 dollar s , sage again at noon. ' 2cl.—At 6 a.m. anchored at Cobija, landed 3 Pas emters and 101 packages ; took on board 1 pack age , sailed again at 1 p.m. ,„ 1 42 ,d o llaro, and 3 paasengem ; " 4th—At 4 a.m. anchored at Copiapo, landed I passenger, and took on board 17, 8 packages, 8,567 marks of silver, and 1,500- dollars; sailed again at 10 a.m. "At 6 p.m. anchored at Huasco ; took on board twenty-one passengers and 2,999 marks of silver ; and sailed at 9 p.m. " sth—At 10 a.m. anchored at Coquimbo; landed four packages ; took on board twelve passengers, 146 packages, and ten tons of coal; and sailed at 10 p.m. "7th—At 6 a.m. arrived off the Light-house of Valparaiso, having been eight days at sea, and two and a half in port. " 10th—Proceeded to Talcahuano to coal, and re turned to Valparaiso on the 17th. 21st—Left Valparaiso at 3 p.m., with fifty-two passengers, 1,590 packages, thirty tons of coal beyond what was required for her consumption, a large quantity of baggage, 30,000 dollars in specie, and 2,000 letters. " Jan. 22—Arrived at Coquimbo at 2 30 p.m. ; landed 6 passengers, 5 bales, and 986 dollars; re ceived on board 10 passengers, 13 bales, and 6,900 dollars ; left at 5 30 in the evening. " 23d—At 7 a.m. arrived at Huasco ; landed 19 passengers, 6 bales, and 1,725 dollars, and left at 930 a.m. At 6 p.m. of the same day arrived at Co piapo ; landed 18 passengers and 42 packages ; took on board 2 passengers and 5 packages ; and sailed again at 9 15 p.m. " 25th—Arrived at 4 p.m. at Cobija ; landed 1 pas senger and 45 bales ; and sailed again at 9 p.m. " 26th—At 3 p.m. arrived at Iquique ; landed 1 passenger, 69 packages, and 30,940 dollars ; took on board 2 passengers; and sailed at 5 p.m. " 27th—At 7 a.m. arrived at Arica, and found the port blockaded by the Peruvian corvette Yungay, and were prohibited from approaching the coast, or landing a single passenger, bale, or letter ; proceeded for Ylo, and arrived there at 7 30 p.m. ; landed 6 passengers, 319 packages, and 8,620 dollars ; and at 45 a.m. on the 28th continued our voyage. 28th—At 45 minutes past noon arrived at Islay ; landed 6 passengers and 230 packages ; took on board 41 passengers, 41 packages, and 27,800 dollars ; and sailed at 8 30 p.m. " 29th—Saw Port Lomas, but did not communicate. " 30th—Soon after midnight arrived at Pisco'; took on board 17 passengers and 30 packages, and sailed at 4 p.m. " 31st—Arrived at Callao at 8 a.m., and landed 94 passengers. " The gross receipts of the round voyage, performed in 35 days including all stoppages, amounted to nearly 18,000 dollars. CHARACTERISTICS OF ENGLISH COUN TIES. Dr. Fuller's remarks on our English counties, scattered up and down the pages of his " Worthies," are no less quaint than characteristic in their ex pression. A few of them brought together may not prove unamusing to our country friends. NORTHAMPTONSELRE.—This county has as little waste ground as any in b England, except the Whiter ing-heath, which, nevertheless, is a beauty-spot. Northamptonshire has, therefore, been described as an apple, without core to cut out, or rind to be peeled away. iNTORTHUMBERLAIND.—With regard to buildings, there are few fabrics here ; the vicinity of the Scots made them build not for state, but strength. Where fore it was the rule with the houses of the gentry to be " Quot mansions, tot munitiones," as being all castles, or castle-like. BRISTOL.—More truly named Bright-Stow, that is, illustrious, or bright dwelling. SUFFOLK.—Excellent cheeses are made herein, the finest of which are very thin, as if intended not for food, but digestion ; the Cambridge men are fond of them, and scholars' palates are by no means incompe tent judges. SURREY.—This county has been compared to a cinnamon tree, whose bark is better than its body ; so the skirts and borders bounding this shire are rich and fruitful, whilst the grounds in the interior are rather barren. SUSSEX.—The iron of this county formerly made many great guns : Count Gondomar entreated King James to let him export them, knowing their excellence. LINCOLNSHIRE.—This county is, in shape, like a a bent bow. The sea making the back ; the rivers Welland and Humber, the two horns of it, while Trent hangs down from the latter like a broken string, as being somewhat of the shortest. WESTMINSTER.—This city was anciently called Thorney, and afterwards West-minster, for distinction from St. Paul's, called, in ancient times, East-minster. NORFOLK.—This county has the most churches of any in England, amounting to six hundred and sixty. RirrLminsuntx.—There is a fable relating to this county of King Rott, and a conceit that it is named Rutland from Roet, the French word for a wheel, its shape being nearly orbicular. Others say it is so termed, as if Red-land, for a red tincture discolours the earth, stones, and even the fleeces of the sheep feeding there. SOMERSETSIIIRE.—Some say that it derives its name from its pleasant and equable temperature, and is so called from its summer-ish nature; but it is named from Summerton, the most ancient town in the county. _ _ WiRWICKSHIRE.-It has been said, no less truly than merrily, of this 4hire, that "it is the heart, but not the core of England," since it has nothing coarse or choaky therein. _ _ WESTMORELAND.—" Here" says the giant Topo grapher, " is cold comfort from nature, but somewhat of warmth from industry. That the land is barren, is God's pleasure : the people painful, their praise." WILTSHIRE.---A pleasaut country, and of great variety. A wise man once said of it, that an ox left to himself would, of all England, live in the north ; a sheep in the south ; and a man, in the middle, be twixt both. DEVONSHIRE.-----Of the gentry of this goodly pro vince, Queen Elizabeth used to say, " they were all born courtiers, with a becoming difdence." ESSEX.—The parts adjoining the sea are called the " Hundreds of Essex," and are fruitful in cattle. The wits of the county much astonish strangers with the stock of poor people in these parts, five hundred cows, nine hundred sheep, which are, indeed, but five cows and nine sheep, in this part called " the Hundreds." BERKSHIRE.— Anciently this county is said to have borne the name of Barkshire, and was so called from a stripped or bark-bared oak, to which signal place the people repaired in time of trouble to make their general defence:_. BEDFORDSHIRE.--The barley of this county has beyond the memory of man been noted as white, large, plump, and full of flowers. BUCK INGIIAMSRIRE.—Buckingham, the chief town, after which the shire is named, derives itself from beeches (in the Saxon tongue, buccen), growing plentifully in this country. One asked, when beech would make the best timber, meaning what season of the year was best to cut it down for that purpose : it was answered that " beech would make the best timber, when no oak was to be had," a time which will some day befal us. CHESHIRE.—Named from its cheeses. Here the hardiest kine make the tenderest cheese. CORNWALL.—This county has its name from its horn-shape, cornu, and from the inhabitants, wall meaning strangers, for the inhabitants of the county were so reputed by their neighbours. GLOUCESTERSHIRE. — Some say that this shire was anciently the most fruitful portion of all England; and they say now that such • is the fertility of the soil near Slimbridge, that in spring -time, let it be bit bare to the roots, a wand laid there overnight will be covered with new-grown grass by the morning. lIERTFORDSHIRE.—This has been accounted the garden of England for delight, and men commonly said of it, that such as buy a house in Hertfordshire pay two years purchase for the air thereof. KENT.—The chief hop and cherry plantation of England. LINCOLNSHIRE.—The clergy were accustomed to consider that they would have a Lincolnshire church, as best built, a Lancashire parish, as largest bounded, and a London audience, as consisting of the most intel ligent people. -- _ _ MATRIMONIAL BALANCE.—AII American Paper lately related the following anecdote:—" Not long since a reverend clergyman in Vermont, being apprehensive that the accumulated weight of snow upon the roof of his barn might do some damage, was resolved to prevent it, by reason ably shovelling it off. He therefore ascended it, having brat, for fear the snow might all slide off at once, and hims f e e l ni f :din fearing iisvtthei still f t i o h t :e h i i f : other e e t t d o y, . h, to o x is wyhi dear,' waist r iie said one e nd went , e tient od o w f or e k, ro b7t , o th ff e w ro e pe nt rthouensdnoywo: poo r riwar ministerst.No sooner had andshe dwoennettishiis wife. s,than delia;:9 in ma jesty In a hung, jes ty but sublime, o n the di n o g t i h i n e g r aide n i s d hun gh dangl i ngi sw at Thus on one side of the barn the astounded and confounded hhei highend a and them pa. , 7r ,i nfi g r l:y c , a d o ei p iv s e .— red ll e ha f r v o e m h t a n d i s a perilous si opportunityt uit t i situation." n . the rope. At that moment, however, a gentleman luckily accurately, within the last three ' o ' f exa- Tyrone, and Armagh. Wheat, every. w al e in ek in s f t h d r i o e uf c li r o op u s t , th p e re c tt o y unties of Antrim, De Tr y, D onega l , il ,' e ll e i lje n n a t g ; ba a n i fe w heads, in ear, have been left at our , F;e h r e w re a , nag is e office, from the lower ground of Killead, bordering on Lough Neagh, which is clay ground. The wheat foliage is luxuriant, and the ground well covered. The Oat crop is very uneven, partial failures being observable everywhere. This failure is attributed to the operations of a grub on the young roots. We planted have seen many fields re-sown w i th Italian g rass-seeds ; and, in many instances, late turnips have beets where oa t s had been sown. We have heard of fai lures i n the potatoe crop ; although the early state of the crop will not allow us to pro nounce a decided opinion on the subj ect. Flax, everywhere, looks well; and, in Monaghan, great quantities are sown.,_ The Northern Whip ($e fast paper) of Tuesday, SURRENDER OF A lirsjsAtip e —The extraordinary scene of a wife surrendering her heakattd to justice took place in the Hull Police .Court on Monday week, were James 1/11P son was charged by Frances, his wife, with being a deserter from the 17th Foot. The Magistrates refused to take her evi dence. Police Inspector Coulham, however, had been in the same regiment, and knew the primer to be a deserter; he was therefore detained, and informa.t}op sent to the Horse Guards. —York Colorant, INCOME-TAX. TO THE EDITOR OF THE Aviv: SIR— I perceive the Bill for the Income-tax is to be read a third time on .Monday next. If ever you, Sir, and other:portions of the public press, deserved well of the people, it has been in your unwearied and talented endeavours to rouse them to an opposition of this pernicious and impolitic tax ; and if ever the people showed themselves unworthy of their best friends, and careless of their real interests, it has been in their apathy to the imposition of this most grievous burden. But among the evils which you have proved belong to this tax, I hardly think you have sufficiently in sisted upon the inequality of it. Admitting that it is a sound principle in all taxation, that every individual of a nation should in some way or other bear a pro portionate share of every tax, what becomes of the equality and justice of an Income-tax, that falls upon hardly more than 300,000 persons, not a seventeenth part of the whole population ? and this is pretty well confirmed by Sir Robert Peel's declara tion, that by his plan of laying on this tax, one-fourth of the property of the whole empire would be exempt from the burden. But the inequality, Sir, is not only in the compa ratively small number of the people that must bear the tax, but in the difference of their circumstances as regards the application of the national revenue. To the aristocratic and the upper classes in general, the army, the navy, and the church, are all open, and when we consider these departments distribute about 21 millions of money, it is not difficult to perceive how those classes are preserved from the weight of the Income-tax, or why they bear the prospect of it with such meek and becoming fortitude. But upon the middle classes this tax must fall with merci less and unmitigated force. They have no where to turn but to their counter and their counting-house, and these are orbits too mean and contracted for any of the vast interests before alluded to, unless by an occasional ec centric cause, ever to circulate in. And yet the tradesmen are in many instances regarding this tax with complaisance, good easy souls ! " Pleased to the last they crop their flow'ry food, And lick the hand just raised to shed their blood." Nor is the evil past here. The Income-tax is ob viously meant to prop up monopoly. Not that I con sider that to be its real design, but it is certainly one of its accidental evils. Driven by the stern and ter rible necessity of national exigencies, Government must have abolished monopolies, if only upon the principle of trying every legitimate means of national wealth, had not the scheme of an Income-tax been feasible ; and as the inequality of such a tax is, upon the grounds I have stated, made tolerable to the up per classes, there is great reason to fear that it will be continued or increased, and thus stave off most suc cessfully the general demand for the abolition' of monopolies. And what, Sir, will be the effect of this tax when it comes fiilly into operation ? By sustaining monopo • lies, it will narrow the source of national wealth, while by contracting the means of the monied portion of the community, it will proportionally diminish trade. 'With two such eating evils, what is to be the fate of a nation that is propped up under Provi dence by the two great pillars of commerce and Constitution ? The prospect is too terrible to look upon, and the only question that must occur to any mind is, for what object could this tax have been proposed. Some may have a different opinion, but this is mine. It was proposed for no other purpose than to divide the people among themselves, and thus stay the progress of reform. Why was Ireland, in the first place, carefully exempted from this tax ? Why, purely to disarm O'Connell and his party; and has not the plan in that particular answered ? Again, why were the lower classes altogether exempted ? Why, to reconcile them to Tory administration, and buy them off the pursuit of Universal Suffrage. And has not this end been answered ? Substantially it has. Their tone against a Conservative Government is wonderfully lowered, and they are willing to relax their efforts, provided their burdens are shifted to other shoulders. But what, Mr. Editor, is going on all this time ? Why the decay of patriotism, the growth of selfishness, and the application of a principle of taxa tion that is most outrageously unjust. I trust, therefore, Sir, you will stand your ground to the last, you will confirm us in the golden opinions that your conduct has conceived for you, and you will find some return for your sound and patriotic views in the universal suffrage of your countrymen. I am, Sir, your obedient servant, May 29. CAMELS. (From the Bombay Times.) We have within the last three months had constant occasion to notice the enormous difficulty of procuring camels, at present experienced in Scinde and on the Sutlej—wherever, in tact, we chance to require their services in moving our armies. We formerly stated that the destruction of these invaluable animals, betwixt November, 1838, and November, 1841, must have amounted to above 50,000, and we gave the details of 43,400, ascertained to have been destroyed. We observe it stated by a Peshawur Correspondent of the Delhi Gazette, that the force under General Pollock will re quire a supply of at least 30,000, and he probably is not greatly above the mark, though we, in our own specula tions, have assumed one-third of this to be sufficient for the present. Thirty thousand camels moving in a single string—as they must do along "the gallery near Ali Musjid, similar to the well-known passes of the Simplon, where a road of 12 feet wide traverses for two miles along the face of the rock, the lofty mountain rising like a wall on one 4ide, and a fearful precipice yawning on the other ;"* or the chasms and defiles of Khoord Caubul— will form a string of animals 66 miles long. Where they are to be found in the first place, or how in the second they are to be protected, it seems impossible to divine ; but these are not the points on which we are at present about to enter—General Pollock must see to them. Camels will carry a load of 4001b5., but that which is generally imposed on them rarely exceeds 300Ibs. They are unfit for use until six years old, though of late much younger animals than this have been pressed into the service. If a load of above 1001bs. or 1501bs. be im posed on them, they are very quickly destroyed. Until the pressure which has of lute become prevalent began to be experienced, she camels were rarely used any• where as beasts of burden. In Scinde and Beloochistan in particular, no labour of any sort was ever assigned to them. Of late, they have, like the males, been pressed into the service ; and mothers with young, or with a suckling at their side, may now be seen trudging along with the rest. We have already extinguished nearly one third of the male camel population in these parts ; and we are now ousily engaged in annihilating the hopes of a future generation. All these things are formidable enough, and sufficiently fraught with danger in themselves ; but we have as yet looked to the destruction of these in valuable creatures only as mischievous inasmuch as it annihilates our military carriage, and clogs and arrests the movements of our armies. But war, however pro tracted, must at length have an end. When our armies retire on India, the drain of camels will cease : the in convenience experienced from the difficulty of obtaining them, now so injurious to our movements, will then come to a close. But here the evils occasioned by the mischief already done only begin to be felt. The camel has been well called the " ship of the desert :" lie is the only beast of burden who can travel over the arid tracts which skirt the whole north-west of India from Goozerat to Delhi. Destroy this means of conveyance, and no substitute can be found for it. The merchant navy of the interior is annihilated, and, unlike the restoration of artificial vehicles, its replace ment cannot be accelerated, and must be the work of time. Thus at once, by our military operations beyond the Indus, is extinguished the means and the poss;bility of trafficing in the interior within the Indus. The up country merchants cannot purchase from us ; should they desire to do so, they find that we have stripped them of the means of carrying their purchases away. According to Charles Masson's returns ( Times, July 24, 1841), there were 6,500 camel loads of goods annually imported into Affghanistan from India and the Punjaub !adore the outbreak of the war. This Commerce must for the present in a great measure cease, just because we have destroyed their beasts of burden, by means of which alone the transport of goods could be effected. But simultaneously with this we have thrown unbounded wealth into the hands of the Affghans—riches of which their wildest imagination never dreamed ; that a large proportion of this will for the present be hoarded up, according to immemorial usage, cannot be disputed. The wants of the Aff g h ans are few and very simple ; but still such as they are, with the usual sources of supply cut off from them by the suicidal hands of those who annihilated, while they pro fessed to labour to increase their commercial inter course, and, with the means of choosing another mar ket, how are we to wonder at the statement of Sir Alex. Burnes, that the trade of Russia with Central Asia has doubled within the last two years ? Why, in two years more, it would be no marvel should it double again. It will take a generation to draw out from its receptacles the wealth we have flung around us. We seem now labouring with all our might to prevent its ever re turning to India. Russia never yet produced a states ahni(sl s a n d e- . in lab h o e u r re se d r s v o ice ha a rd s ,Lsoordsystematically d ‘2 ll l ll f 1 l h y o • isers have done. If there be wealth, or honour, or gratitude at the Court of Nicholas, they ought to be heaped by the hands of the now triumphant Czar, in boundless profusion, on the heads of those who have bestowed on him all his victories—who have, of their own accord, surrendered the armies, the riches, and the power of India voluntarily into his hands ! * We have employed the words of Captain Havelock, vol. 2, page 183 ; and Hough, and Fane, and 11loorcroft, and the o►her writers who have traversed the pass, speak in exactly the same terms of it. THE BATHING SEASON IN HYDE PARK.—Never during any previous season has the bathing in the Serpentine river, Hyde Park, been so numerously attended as during the present, scarcely less than from 7,000 to 8,000 persons having for the last three or four days daily immersed themselves, and so crowded has the water bean, that nothing but the strenous and unremitting exertions of the boatmen of the Royal Humane Society has prevented the loss of life. There have, however, been sevep most narrow escapee from drowning, At the expiration of two years from the introduc tion of the Penny Postage, Mr. Rowland Hill's engagement with the Government will have expired. That gentleman, however, will still be retained at his present salary, and will have apartments fitted up in St. Martin's-le-Grand, THE SUN, LONDON. FRIDA% MORNING, JUNE 10, 1842. LATE EDITIONS OF "THE SUN" IN THE CITY. MR. JOSEPH THOMAS, of No. 1, FINCH LANE, CORNHILL, has made arrangements by which the Public and the Trade may be suppliod with a THIRD EDITION of "THE SUN" every Evening at Halt-past Seven o'Clock, and subsequent Editions when pub lished. The Third Edition of " The Sun" contains the Proceedings of both Houses of Parliament up to Seven o'Clock, and all other important information accessible to that hour. On TUESDAYS and FRIDAYS a full Abstract of the " Lon don G a zette"—Bankruptcies, Promotions in the Army and Navy, &c. &c., will be found in this Edition, the importance of which will be appreciated by Merchants and Bankers for their Foreign Correspondence. Advertisements and Orders for " The Sun" received by Mr. Thomas. Mr. Thomas has also been specially appointed CITY AGENT for the " MORNING POST," every Edition of which may always be obtained at his Office as soon as published. In 3 vols. post Bvo., T HE MAN(EUVRING MOTHER. A NOVEL. By the Authoress of " THE HISTORY of a FLIRT." Will be ready at all the Libraries on Saturday, June 18. Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street. NEW iiOVEL BY MRS. GORE. Now ready, in 3 vols. post Bve., THE AMBASS - ADOR'S WIFE. By the Author of " Mothers and Daughters," " The Dowager," &c. Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street. . To be bad at all the Libraries. HER MAJESTY'S THEATRE. FIRST NIGHT OF MADLLE. RACHEL. The Nobility, Gentry, and the Public, are respectfully informed that Madlle, RACHEL will make her first appearance this Season, THIS EVENING, JUNE 10, When wi'l be performed Corneille's Tragedy LES HORACES. Ho race, M. David (of the Theatre I rancaise) ; Vieil Horace, M. Bre vanne (of the 'Theatre Francaise); Curiace, M. Toussaint; Flavian, Soldat Alban, M. Danglade (their first ap, earance in this countr) ; Sabine, Femme d'Herace, bladlle. Rahut (of the Theatre Fran raise, her first appearance in this country); Julie, Madlle. Lemaire; and Camille, Madlle. Rachel. After which, Iteg_nard's Comedy LES FOLIES AMO UREUSES. Albert, Jaloux et Tuteur d'Agathe, M. Rrevanne ; Eraste, Amante sl'Agathe, M. Victor ; Cusspin, Valet d'Eraste, M. Danglade ; Li sette, Servante de M. Albert, Madlle. Lemaire; and Agathe, et Amante d'Eraste, Madlle. Rebut. '1 he Representitions of Islliiillel Rachel being limited to six, Les °races" can be presented on this occasion only. Applications for Boxes, Stalls, and Tickets, to be made at the Box. office, Opera Colonnade. Doors open at Half-past Seven. The Performance commences at Half.past Eight o'clock. THEATRE-ROYAL. ENGLISH OPERA-HOUSE. THIS EVENING, JUNE 10. Will be presented the Burletta 'of LOVE, WAR, AND LATIN. Diego, Mr. 0 Smith; Perez, Mr. W. H. Bland; Clara, Miss Crisp; Plumeau, Miss Murray. To be followed by the Musical Farce of LOVE LAUGHS AT LOCKSMITHS.—Captain Beldare Mr J. Vining; Risk, Mr. Har ley ; Solomon Lob, Mr. Oxberry ; Lydia, Miss Murray. To which will be added the New Burletta, called THE WATER WITCHES, In which Messes Vining, Oxberry, W. H. Bland, Bar ko , Misses Murray, Crisp, Pincott, and Hughes, wilrappear. To conclude with LA S YLPHIDE.—DonaId, Mr. Gilbert; Jamie, Jamie, Master Marshall ; Jessie, Miss Fairbrother ; t• e Sylph, Adis Bailin. Boxes, 4s. Pit, 2s.— Gallery, Is. Doors open at Half-past Six; commence at Seven; Halfprice, a Quarter before Nine. Private Boxes to be had of Mr. Grogan, at the Private Box-otflcz ; and of Messrs. Andrews, Mitchell, Sams, and Bally, at their Libraries. ROYAL SURREY THEATRE. hnmense additional Novelty. The Horses in Two Pieces. Mr. G. Wilde, and the Italian Opcia Dancers. THIS EVENING, JUNE 10. Will be acted Mr. Leman Rede's SIXTEEN STRING .LACK, with New Seenery and Appointments.—Kit Clayton, by Mr. George Wild; the Dances by the Corps de Ballet of the Opera House. After which, in a more extensive and splendid Arena than ever before witnessed, NEW SCENES IN THE CIRCLE, introducing Mr. BATTY'S unrivalled Collection of Animals, consisting of nu merous and matchless Cream-coloured Horses, Andalusian Chargers, Spotted Coursers, Fairy Palfreys, and Pigmy Poneys, and the most talented Vaulters, Eiders, Gymnastics, and Contortionists in the kingdom. Gorgeous Cavalcade, novel acts of Equitation, and unri valled Acrobatique Feats. To conclude with the grand Military and Fquestrian Spectacle, en. titled MURAT—THE PEASANT, GEM:HAL, PRINCE, AND KING, with Battles, Grand Reviews of Horse and Foot, and gor geous Tableaux. FRENCH PLAYS, ST. JAMES'S THEATRE. THIS EVENING, JUNE 10, THIRD APPEARANCE OF MONSIEUR BOUFIE, The Performances will commence with LE MARI El' L'AMANT. After which, LE PAUVRE JACQUES.—Jacques, by Monsieur Bou fre. To conclude with LE GAMIN DE PARIS —Joseph (Gamin de Paris), Monsieur Bouffe Boxes, 6s- ; Pit, 3s. 6d.; Amphitheatre (or Gallery Stalls), 3s. ; Gallery, 9.5. Doors will be opened at Seven o'clock, and the Per.. tormances commence at Half.past Seven. Applications for Boxes and Stalls for the remainder of the Season, to be made at Mr. Mitchell's Library, 33, Old Bond-street; Mr. Se ruin's, 12, Regent-street; Mr. Sams's, St. James's-street ; and at the Box-offiee of the Theatre, which is open daily, from Eleven till Five o'clock. ROYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS. The First Flower Show of the Season 1! TUESDAY, JUNE 14th. The ROYAL SOUTH LONDON FLORICULTURAL St). CIETY will hold a GRAND FETE DES FLEURS, and Miscel. laneous FLOWER SHOW in the above admirably adapted Grounds, on Tuesday, June 14th, 1842, when SIXTY-1. OU tt GOLD and SILVER MEDALS will be awarded for the best Specimens and Collections of Pelargoniums, Roses, Miscellaneous Plants, Calceo. larial, Pinks, Ranunculus, Heart's Ease, Cut Flowers, Ericas, Or chidaceous Plants in Flower, Specimen Plants, Seedling Heart's Ease, Pine Apples, Black Grapes, White Grapes, Collections of Fruit and Vegetab'es. In addition to the Prizes given by the Committee, Extra Prizes are offered by Members of the Society to Amatuers for the best collection of Pelargoniums—to Nurserymen for ditto—to Amateurs for the best collection of Pelargonium Blooms, cut in bunches of twenty-four varieties—to Gentlemen's Gardeners for the best collection of Cut Flowers. The Flowers will be arranged in Classes under the spacious and handsome Tents of Messrs, STAFF, and Sox. Besides the Exhibition of Floral and Horticultural products, which from the fineness of the season and other favourable circumstances, is confidently expected to be unusually rich, varied, and extensive, the whole of the popular Entertainments for which this Establish. ment is so widely celebrated, will be given on a scale of grandeur eclipsing all previous efibrts. Admission One Shilling. Gates open at One t oncert at Six. Fireworks at half.past Nine. The Evening Fetes, with all the usual attractions, on Monday and Thursday. Open from 10 in the Morning. Feeding Hour S o'clock THE WEATHER.—NOON, JUNE 9. , LOYAL GALLERY OF SCIENCE, ADELAIDE-STREET . i'hermometer .... 71 ) Highest _77_ I Lowest 48 Barometer 30.26.--Wind E. HlOll W ATER AT LONDON BRIDGE THIS DAY. I•iorning 34 minutes after 2 I Evening ... 51 minutes after 2. All Advertisements of a Disgusting Character, or Immoral Tendency, are excluded from the Columns of " The Sun." e 1 1 = Mae LONDON? FRIDAY MORNING, JUNE 10, 1842. We think we understand both Mr. GLADSTONE'S arithmetic and his morality, but we do not agree with either. The former is of the Custom-house, where notoriously two and two do not make four ; and the latter of college, where it is equally notorious that oaths are as much disregarded as ever they were at the Custom-house. When the advocates for a reduction of the duty on wool had made out on Wednesday evening what we thought a. very strong case, the Bight Hon. Gentleman, turning round to his friend, Mr. BECKETT, assured him in his most sincere and blandest tones, and assured all the gentlemen on the Tory benches, that the woollen manufacturers had a full compensation in the reduction of duties made by the tariff, for the tax on wool which is to be continued. "There is," said the Right Hon. Gentleman (we do not pledge ourselves for the words, for unfortunately we believe no report has been preserved of the nice piece of jesuistry) " a reduction Of 40,000 L on vegetable oil, and a reduction of upward s of 60,0001 on drugs and dye stuff, making with other reductions a sum of nearly 130,000/., (the Times report says 150,0000, almost the whole of which will be a relief to the woollen manufacturers." It immediately occurred to us that all the manufac turers of the empire .use drugs, and dye stuffs, and ve getable oil, as well as the woollen manufacturers, and that they could not possibly obtain more than a small share of the reduction. Mr. GLADSTONE, however, made the assertion, and no doubt it was received as gospel by the country gentlemen who voted, in spite of Mr. BECKETT'S melancholy speech, to ruin the woollen trade. On consulting the tariff, we find that the whole amount of the revenue obtained last year on vegetable oils, is less than "0,0001, and that of this no less a sum than 40,0001. is paid on olive oil. It is rather too bad in Mr. GLAnsroNE to put down to the advantage of the manu facturers the money which is paid on the oil consumed by the French cooks and for the salads of the gentry. Another large sum of 20,000/. was paid on pa tent oil, part of which is employed in their lamps. If the whole duty now levied on vegetable oils were to be repealed, it would be a gross inaccuracy to say that the sum now paid was the measure of the benefit con ferred on the woollen manufactures by repeal ; but the fact is, that the duty on olive oil, is only reduced one half, and the duty on palm oil, imported from foreign countries, is not reduced at all. Of the 60,0001. there fore, levied on these two oils, there will be at most a reduction of 20,000/., and the greater portion of that will be a boon to the nobility and gentry w ho indulge in fritures. Yet Mr. GLADSTONE could solemnly assuro the country gentlemen that the woollen manufac turers would be benefited to the extent of nearly 40,00 a. on the reduction of the duty on vegetable oils. Will they not resent such a poor attempt to beguile them ? In becoming politicians, they have not ceased to be men of sense and spirit, and have not, we hope, consented to have their consciences regulated by Oxford morality, and their votes dictated by Custom-house arithmetic. We have to apologise to Mr. WILSON PATTEN. We did him an injustice ; we heard him point out the inju rious consequences to the labourers in Lancashire of the tax on cotton, and we concluded that he would con sistently confirm his speech by his vote. The published lists of the divisions have undeceived us. Mr. WILSON PATTEN voted to keep on those taxes which we heard him say had a pernicious influence on the wages of labour. Now, when a law-maker, with his eyes open, will vote for inflicting injury on the people, what can be expected from legislation ? What, too, can the Lan cashire cotton-spinners expect from the representatives of the agricultural districts of the south,—some of which yet remember, with something like spiteful regret, their own woollen and other manufactures which the want of coal there have sent to the west and the north—when their own representative votes to inflict an avowed in jury on their industry? The Lancashire men well de serve to have cotton taxed as long as they send to Parlia ment such enemies to their industry as Mr. WILSON PATTEN. The proclamation in Tuesday's Gazette, concerning light sovereigns, has caused some consternation in the trading classes. Those amongst them who carry on a ready-money trade, are prodigiously annoyed by being obliged to weigh every sovereign they receive. Either they must offend their customers and lose trade, or sub mit to loss. In cases where they have to make daily, or frequent payments, particularly to public offices, such as the Excise•ofice, the Post-office, and the Stamp-office, they are exposed to great inconvenience, and are some times actually prevented from completing their business. In consequence of these difficulties and annoyances, the complaints are, we believe, universal, of the suddenness with which the change has been ordered. Why, it is asked, should they who till Tuesday, had received the sovereigns that are in circulation in good faith, be saddled with the loss of, perhaps, twenty per cent. on all the gold coin they may have in their pos session ? Besides that, they are exposed to the greatest inconvenience in making their payments. The money they had hoarded up to pay poor rates, and queen's taxes, to pay the brewer, and the miller, and the corn dealer, is, all at once become non-current, and they must seek other means to make their payments. Why should not the Government have given more time, and why not take on itself, or impose on the Bank of England— which enjoys the privilege of annually borrowing some 18,000,000/. from the public, 'without paying any interest for its use—the obligation of renewing the coin? The Income-tax will fall heavily on many classes, but this sud den restoration of the currency, will mulct all the holders of a score or more sovereigns, which happen to be light, to a greater extent than the Income-tax. Add to this, that restoring the currency to its full value will, for the moment, embarrass trade and lower prices ; and no more impolitic measure, perhaps, supposed to be of a trifling nature, could at this moment be adopted. At the same time, we are well aware that were the Government to restore the coinage to its full value at its own expense, it would only enable the sweaters to im mediately make a large profit on the new issues. Now it throws that expense on the public, and will probably confer an equal benefit on the sweaters. They will soon get to work again ; for if every sovereign must hereafter be weighed before it can be taken in business, the Royal stamp ceases to be of any use. Business might as well be carried on by lumps of unstamped bullion. The very purpose and end of coining bullion, and converting it into money, is to give it free circulation, and enable people to take it by tale, instead of by weight. We can not believe, therefore, that the practice of weighing every sovereign which circulates can long be continued ; whence it follows, whoever may now be at the cost of restoring the coinage, that the sweaters will soon gather all the advantages into their sacks. There is one part of the empire which will not expe rience any inconvenience from the proclamation. Nearly all the sovereigns in Scotland are in the hands of the bankers, and are not liable either to be clipped or sweated. One pound notes are there yet suffered to cir culate by the Legislature ; and there the traders are not exposed to the inconvenience to which we must submit, The sovereigns in the hands of the bankers—alway s ready to be given out on demand—serve as a standard of value, and are kept perfect by not being exposed, as they are here, to the battering and bruises of use, and the clippings of rogues. By and by, probably, if not now, the people of England will begin to regret that they allowed a parcel of theorists and meddling legislators, under the influence of a monetary panic, to deprive them of small bank notes—of bank notes of any amount, how ever small, which commerce might find it convenient to issue. Commercial promises to pay, the representatives of produce coming to market, are as certainly a step in civilisation, common to nearly all mankind, as the prior use of coined money which those promises ought in a great measure to supersede. They are like power looms or self-acting spinning mules, destined to super sede the more clumsy inventions, to answer the same end, which previously existed ; and it is, in fact, no more rational fur the law-maker to interfere and sup press paper promises to pay, than for him to put down other inventions which facilitate production. The pre sent annoyance and expense caused by the gold coinage, which are likely to continue, affording a harvest to rogues, and giving honest men much trouble, will pro bably awaken some sorrow in the public for having too readily lent an ear to those who promised them great advantages from substituting the Royal coinage for commercial promises to pay. As the Sugar Duties Bill is not yet passed through the House of Commons—it was read a second time on Wednes day—and as it yet remains in the power of that House to do justice to the people of England on this subject; and, as above all, it is in the power of the House of Lords to refuse its assent to a measure which tends, exactly like the Corn.Keeping-Out Bill, to withhold food from the people, we have collected in another place, a few testi monies to the utility of sugar. How many Members of the House were aware when they voted to renew those duties on Friday night that they were giving another vote to deprive the people of a most wholesome and nutritious food, we cannot possibly tell ; but we are much afraid that the great majority of the voters were wholly and completely ignorant of many of the valuable properties of sugar, and the many uses to which it may be applied. As in othei• cases they took hold of one small point, the fag-end, as it were, of an im mense coil, namely, the possible influence of the sugar duties on slavery, about which the wisest and most learned amongst them can know nothing ex cept by conjecture, and on that single point—they being, we are afraid, almost as ignorant of the many bearings of the whole question as negroes—they run at Sir H. PEEL and Mr. GLADSTONE'S tail to give another vote for shutting out food from our starving people. Yet those who did so vote shall be angry, and make a great out cry, that they are branded by the Anti-Corn-law League with the crime of murder ; but it has been customary with the law of England to inflict the same punishment on those ill-omened masters and mistresses who have withheld food from their apprentices, as on those equally ill-omened wretches who have cut the throats of their victims. It has made no difference between a BROWN RIGGE and a GOOD, and we know not why the Anti- Corn-law League should make any difference between the Emperor of Morocco, when he sallies forth in his yellow or murdering vest, and that Legislature which forcibly keeps food from the people. It is a fact, that the people of Paisley, Burnley, Stockport, Manchester, Leeds, &c., &c., are at this mo ment in deep distress, hungering for food ; it is a fact, which we state on the concurrent testimony of several eminent writers, whose authority we have quoted, that " SUGAR CONTAINS MORE NUTRIMENT (Of animal life) IN A GIVEN BULK, THAN ANY OTHER KNOWN SUB STANCE ;" it is also a fact that our warehouses contain, at this moment, a considerable quantity of foreign sugar, in bond ; arid it is equally a fact that a much larger quantity might be imported in a few weeks, from various places, to supply the cravings of our people with whole some and nutritious food. It is a certain fact that the House of Commons, sometimes called a paternal Legisla ture—called by its flatterers the fathers of the country — after having passed a law to keep corn away from the people, have just come to a resolution that not one grain of that succulent and nutritious food shall our people obtain, unless they pay a tax on it which is nearly three times the value of the article. We believe that twenty shillings a cwt. would pay the average cost of bringing sugar to Europe ; the average price now does not exceed twenty-five shillings, and on that article the pa' ernal House of Commons has voted a prohibitory tax of 635. Mr. M`Cum.oca says—though he is not, perhaps, thoroughly imbued with a conviction of the vast utility and importance of sugar as food, and though he speaks only of a duty, scarcely one-third of the prohibitory duty voted on Friday night—" to levy a tax of 245. on a necessary of life, costing only 225., or 355., including Bs. per cwt. freight and charges, is obviously a most oppressive proceeding." What then must be the cha racteristic of a proceeding which levies a duty of 635. on that snore article, when the people are actually starving, and when, but for this law, great plenty of that useful food might be immediately obtained ? We wonder not at the people losing patience under such legislation. Can an y thing exceed the crime of a Legislature, trusted by the people, when all its members abound in plenty, coolly dooming a great number of the people to death by with holding from them accessible food? The fact that sugar is nutritious food, in a most con densed and convenient form for carriage, easily pre served, requiring no turning over like wheat, running little to waste, not susceptible of alteration from expo sure to the atmosphere, serves to explain a political fact. Sir ROBERT PEEL, in the debate on Friday, sneered at the idea of his conduct being influenced by deference' to the West India interest. He described that as the weakest interest in the House, and as having no power over him. But the vote to keep out sugar, was a vote to keep out food ; it was keeping out grass to fatten cattle, and malt to make spirituous liquors ; it was keep ing out bread and potatoes, and was a vote most agree able to the banded horde of food monopolists, to do whose bidding he has accepted office. He was pleasing the landed interest, therefore, as well as the - West India interest ; and his statement, jesuitically true as to words, was grossly false as to facts. The letter was correct, the spirit wholly fallacious. It deluded the understanding, though it fell fairly on the ear. It was as big and as foul a delusion, as ever a statesman was guilty of. His conduct in this case, proves his thorough want of sincerity. He will allow cattle to come in, of which there are few or none ; and he will not allow food for them and for man to be brought in, which is plentiful; he will graciously permit a few hundred weight more of meat to come in a year or two hence, and he obstinately shuts out the food, both of man and animals, that lies ready stored up at our door. We have not been in the habit of thanking GOD that we have a House of Lords ; but we may now say that the House of Lords cannot pass the Sugar Duties Bill, when it goes up to them, without making themselves ac cessory to the great crime of keeping food away from the people. If they suffer their judgment to be overruled by any motive of deference to the arrange ments of the House of Commons, they will sink in the estimation of mankind to the level of those poor vic tims of lust who, when once caught in the toils of the wicked, must do their bidding till nature breaks the in tolerable yoke. , At the meeting of the Roman Catholic Institute of Great Britain, held on Wednesday in London, Mr. O'CONNELL said he wanted to see the day when High Mass would be performed in Westminster Abbey, and he doubted not, from present appearances, that ere long he should have that happiness. If Puseyism go on at the railroad speed with which it bas been advancing for the last ten years, and the feuds between that sect and the Hamp enites be suffered to continue, within ten years more the great champion of the Catholics, should he live, will probably see his wish fulfilled. The Bench of Bishops, a vast number of the clergy, and, what is still more ominous, the majority of the teachers of youth at the national universities, show a marked tendency towards • the • new doc trines. All that is wanting is to imbue the law makers with the same principles ; and as the stream naturally partakes of the character of its source, that must ultimately be the result. Certainly at no period since the Reformation has the Protestant Church been exposed to such danger, or have the enemies of our national establishments had such cause for rejoicing, as at the present moment. Divisions, to an extent hitherto unknown, prevail in the south as well as in the north of the island ; ecclesiastical and civil authority are alike despised ; the house is divided against itself, and unless protected by more than human power cannot stand. In Scotland, within a very brief period, forty ministers and licentiates have been be reaved of their rights, and mercilessly driven from the bosom of the Church ; many hundreds more are exposed to the same fate ; but what is still more alarming, in respect to the security of the Establishment, is the utter contempt in which the Church Courts are held by nearly one-half of the members. They have, in fact, cast off ecclesiastical authority, and look for redress only from the civil power. Affairs have not yet come to this pass in England, but they are fast approaching to a similar state of anarchy. The Oxford Professor of Divinity is regarded as little better than a heathen by a majority of his brethren ; attendance on his lectures is not considered necessary to qualify young men for the Church ; and we have thus the singular pheno menon of a teacher of divinity placed in the chair by her MAJESTY, the head of the Church, while' a great pro portion of the members disowrr this authority, and refuse to hold communion with the nominee of the Crown. In the Church, too, we find " young ardent spirits" setting up for themselves, rejecting the advice, and sometimes injunctions, of their superiors, using candles and cruci fixes and genuflexions us religiously as the POPE him self, and evidently as determined, too, as any member of the Scotch Kirk, to set both canon and' civil law at defiance. The ecclesiastical body altogether seems sadly out of joint, the members rebelling against the head, and at the same time fighting with on te another, as if Archbishops and Bishops and General 4.ssemblies had suddenly lost all power and contnol. The Church of Rome rejoices over these dissensions; she holds up the unity of the Catholic faith as the bt st proof of its divine origin, and, like Mr. O'CortNELL, looks for ward to the happy day when England, once the brightest ornament of the Pontiff's mitre, shall be restored to the Holy See. These certainly are melancholy forebodings for Protestants, but the conduct of Episcopalians and Presbyterians fully warrants the worst apprehensions. The Madrid Papers received are to the Ist instant. ESPARTERO was trying in vain to form a Cabinet. He first sent for OLOZAGA, who had been ms.inly itwtrit mental in ousting the late Ministry. To the no small surprise of the REGENT, that gentleman der:lined having anything to do with the Ministry. The REGENT dis missed him with visible marks of displeasure. Senor FERAR and General SAOANE were sent for in succes sion, but neither of them would accept of lice. This is a sad state of things. The Madrid Gazette, of the 31st, publishes the fol lowing financial decree:— " The Regent of the kingdom, fully sensible of the import ance of the payment of the interest of the 'I bree per Cent. Rentes, the creation of which, rendered necessary by the disasters of the civil war, had for their object to establish and c, nsolidate the national credit, as well as tog ice to public confi dence every possible guarantee, by removing; the apprehensions of the timid, and defeating the manoeuvres lif the evil disposed, has, with the concurrence of the council of Ministers, decreed as follows: '6 A Committee shall be formed, composed of the Directors of the Treasury, of the Sinking Fund, and the Bank of St. Ferdinand, who shall be entrusted with the examination of all propositions tending to assure the payment of the interests corresponding to the two half-yearly div;,dends on the Three per Cent. Debt., falling due on the 30tla June and 31st De cember of the present year, and which aim to be paid here, at Paris. and at London. ."fhe amount of these two dividenids being valued at 15,000,000 of reals each, the prepositions which shall be made separately for each shall have for its object. to place at the dis posal of the Sinking Fund the sums which may be necessary at Madrid, Paris, and London, in order tha t the Administration may publish notice of payment in each of those capitals before the 15th of June and 15th of December r espeCtively. " The first proposition shall be receiveel on the 4th June, and the second on the 31st August, days on which the Com mittee will meet at the Direction Genet- tl of the Treasury, from one to two. The Secretary of cue "Leasury shall attend the Committee. " The decisions of the Committee with reglii to the propo sitions shall be delivered on the 4th to thil parties concerned. '• The parties sending propositions must engage tor the pay ment of the different sums,_ either in cash or in available securi ties. 4 , The part of these two capitals of fifteen millions, which shall not be absorbed in the payment of the said dividends, shall be carried over for the payment of future dividends. " The direction of the Sinking Fund stall immediately give public notice of the sums' thus paid in London, Madrid, And Paris. " The direction of the Sinking Fund shall also give public notice of the coupcna of the debt, both home and foreign, which shall be paid off in consequence of the emission of the Three per Cent. Bonds. (Signed) " ANTONIO MARIA DEL VALLE. " Madrid, May 28, 1842." Madrid Bourse, on the 31st.—Five per Cents, 2si for cash. The French Journals contradict the reports which ap peared in the London Papers, and first of all in The Sun, stating that the King of the FRENCH has been for some time labouring under an incurable disease. The Courrier Francais in particular declares that his IVIAJEEf TY never enjoyed better health. We can only observe in reply, that we had the statement from a gentle man in whose veracity we placed, and still ph ice, the utmost confidence, and that if he deceived us, it was be cause he was himself misinformed. Assuming the as sertion of the Courrier Francais to be correct, we can assure that Journal that no more welcome intelligence could reach us. May Europe long owe the bless rings of peace to King LOUIS PHILIPPE. All eyes in France arc now turned to the approaching elections. The Presse has the following statis . ;ical re marks on the subject : From a statistical account of elections, peblishe d by the Minister of the Interior, in 1839, it appears that sit ice 1831* the choice of new Deputies has been gradually r Dore and more rare. Thus, in 1831, there were re-elected 222 old Deputies out of the 459 members of whom the Clamber is composed. In 1834 there were 292; in 1337, 310 ; and in 1839, 381. 'the same paper also shows that from 1030, when the first reduction of the elective qualification was wade, the number of electors giving their votes has mere aced. In 1831, out of 166,583, inscribed on the electoral list s, 125,000 gave their votes. In 1834, out of 171,015 electors ;, 129,212 voted. In 1837, out of 198,836 electors, 131,720 'voted, and in 1839, out of 201,271 electors, 154,862 were v.oters. So that not only have the numbers inscribed on the lists I teen aug mented. but those exercising their franchise have increased also in proportion. In 1831, it will be found these w , ire three fourths, and in 1839 they amounted to four-fifths." I.3OUESE—PARia, TUESDAY, JUNE 7. rust Highest Lowest Last Price Price. Pric.. e'rench 5 per Cent. ...... ..... 119 r 0 119 60 ... 119 50 119 60 45 per Cents ..... 107 2 5 ... 107 25 ... 10 7 25.... 197 25 5 per Cents. BO 15 r 80 15 .., 7 9 „ 130 sl tti tt , k I .900 f. Shariev 1065 —1055 .1955 ...105 5 . ;• ; 070 tAni: 7 r J3 7 4 .ielgian 5 per Cents. S p er Cent:., 1840 105% ... 105% ... 10)% 105 ' 14 •ranish Active ... ... 24 ••• 24. Passive 414 ... 4% 454 z N eapolitan amen RAILWAN - gHARE:c ., 4 50 St. Germain Ver.ailles. R. s:. LB 3 1 1 1 65 25 ....: 3 11 1 5 6 25 :: 2 11 16 1 2 5 5 . .....L . N.„. 4., 2 530 ... ''..,"" .A 7 Orleans Strasburg to Bale 213 75 .., 213 75 ... 210 .., mo. . DUTCH FUNDS.—Ausisaucis, Jtaea 7. Money. Bills., . .. Actual Debt, 2% per Cent ........ ........ 52 52,6 . . Jitto, ditto 5 per cent. Amon Syndic. 4% per cent...." ..... Ditto, ditto, 3% per cent. . ..... - Commercial Company, 4!:, per cent.... .. Ditto (1935 and 1837)5 per cent. ...... Loan 1837, 5 per cent.... ............ ....: 92% 9 3 .., Exchange on London, One month l2 15. • ' Two months Harnburgh, One month 25 8 7 % ...c r Two months 35 50 • .1"..- Dutch Papers, hake 8. .: :'''. aka-WAN k UNDS—Batiftsimaj JUNE 1. ` , . Actual Debt, 2% per Cent . ..... U - - , E ,1 ". , Rothschild's Lean, 5 per Cent... ............ 103 ..1•-•' ) Loan of Thirty Millions, 4 per Cont ..... 94 , --- 3 per Cent, ----- Thirty.. BV en--. ... 72% i,% , . ' e. —(13411) l o 4h , ," Loan of City, 132, 4 per Cent. ........ ~ Society et Commerce, 4 %per Cent 143 ••" ' Bank of Belgium, 5 per Cent 79 !. ,0 , National Ssciety — , ~410',g Exchange on London (short) .... -''' ' Brussels Papers, June f. .P'' .a. .f' AUSTRIAN FUNDS.—VIENNA , May 30. 1 1 .' itteper Cents. Metalliques Four per Cent 5........ .............. ...... ..... —..... Three p.r Cents. :•0 Bank hares lOB3 • . ‘ • HAMBURGH BORSENHALLE, Jurie 4. y.. ~,. Bills. Montt --, 'i Austrian 5 per Cents. ... livti 109. ~ '. : Bank Shares l7OO 1 690 • ' ..:13", Anglo-Russian Loan 1015% 10 9 '4, * - J': ' . Russian 5 per Cent., Ist series, Certificate 103% 145411 ` - ',.t , ' ' Inscription, Ist series . - - J'' ,1 Russian 5 per Cent Hope and Co., 2d and 4th , 1 33 ' 5 Series A..* WI Ditto in Certificates .., ,4 Ca New 4 per Cent. (1840)..... * Dutch Actual Debt, 2% per Cent ......... 51% 50% Ditto 5 per Cent. • Polish Bonds 155 New Tickets l7O -- 4I;T : Anglo-Danish Loan, 3 per Cent. 78% 78 Spanish, New 5 rwr Cents. ...........«....» «.. 18 --• e • ; . 0 , THE UTILITARIAN DOCTOR AND THE A8Y8800— . 44 1 GIRL.—The following sentimental passage occurs. Doctor Bowring's Commerci a l R e p orts on E g ypt 1101:j Syria :—" My attention was once particularly excito l -' l l by an Abyssinian girl, whose features were really beallt . , : o, ful, and whose appearance was remarkable for grace,l ls 7 - :1 even dignity. She looked at me so imploringly, that felt strongly tempted to violate the law, and become purchaser, but certainly with no other object than takr struct her, and give her her freedom. Her long hair hung in curls over her forehead and down her nicigiA and among the locks small white shells were supendoo-.1,i When I stopped for a moment to gaze at her, the jellsb s removed the rag which was suspended on h er shoulder, 06_,.* she stood perfectly naked bef ore me I Thi s g i r l wa s tivr - ') black, but of a brown hue, her features regular, her eysli'' of a sparkling brightness, and there seemed about her ,i f patient piety which forced tears of sympathy intoPt,:" , eyes !"—The above touching picture of unfigleafed male beauty clearly shows that Dr. Bowring had his er 1- 41 , on other things besides comme rce , w hil e t rav el. through Syria. The minuten e ss, t oo , an d hi g h fi n ish ° i ` , :! - ) his description is a voucher for the exceeding care au - attention with which the learned Utilitarian died the subject of it, embracing all her points,' ll lo it were, at one searching, comprehensive glance It must have been an edifying s i g ht t o h ave sie°,'d him staring through his spectacles at a pretty slave' girl standing stark naked under his very floe ,. weeping as he kept gazing on her, his intelligent count' nance, no doubt, covered the while with blushes of the, deepest dye! But it was not her situation, but her " tient piety" that brought the " tears of sympathy," his chaste optics. He remembered that he himself vats °.l the author of " Devotional Hymns," and was naturally , therefore, attracted towards a kindred spirit, who, alb 4 as void of raiment as Eve before the Fall, was, to his pure and spotless fancy, clothed in multitudinous garments righteousness, like a Dutchman in his dozen pairs ol breeches! Though the Melbourne Administration did nos 4 '+ send Dr. Bowring out to Syria in or d er t o re p or t upoe . 1 6 4 naked slave-girls, yet we should have been sorry to ba 141 :6 lost the above de scr ipti on , ex hibi t i ng , as i t d oes questionable proofs th a t Utilit ar i an phil oso ph ers , Lai, j Vca the baser sons of Ad am , ma y gaze th e i r fill at denUde."- - :i beauty, without the slightest detriment to their moroe4 or even the slightest perturbation of spirit. j MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS' .: A " CITY, THURSDAY EVZHISCI:,„ d —' o4.! This afternoon the subjoined n o ti ce , w hi c h gave cons id e ror , satisfaction in the many circles, alth oug h i t on l y prov ides'w., a certain class, who have in their possession light sovereiet was issued from the Bank of England. However, it apps ifj very clear, that some other measure must likewise be *dor'''. _,•l to afford the same facility to those who may happen tons:, -. ! " a less sum than the minimum fixed : " Bank of England, June 9, 184 2 .. " At, the request of the Right Honourable the Lords"Call_ L - 41 missioners of her Majes4's Treasury, and for the relief of thw .. ..4: who have in their possession the g o ld c o in o f thi s kingdOr, below the legal current weight, . ,Li " Notice is hereby given that, from and after this • day;l quantity of such gold coin in amo u nt s o f no t l ess th an 50L' be taken in at the Bullion-office of the Bank of England 3/. 17s. 104 d. per ounce, from the hours of nine o'clock in til',47 morning to three in the afternoon, until further notice." - Briggs ' Thurburn.and Co., the I n di a fi rm , stopped paraTrs;7 to-day. Their debts are stated at 200,000/. ; and, if tins*,''' allowed them, it is said they will liquidate in full. Thet . .r) r the agents of one of th e I n di an B an k s , t h e agenc i es of vil"'":14. are now removed to Coutts and Co. In the Funds, English or Foreign, a small amount of • was transacted, the sports of Asc o t having in a measure elearM4Pl the speculators who " puff" and " ban g " p r i ces . M os t o f SQ, prices quoted are firm. The improvement i n C on sols "N ot' about one quarter per cent. C onso l s f or th e A ccoun t ellon 914 ; Baak Stock, 1674 1684 ; Exchequer Bills, 48 tO:P70 1 / premium ; Colombia, 264 ; Mexican, 36i to 37 ; Pertio o .! . 18 to 19 ; Brighton, 664 to 674 ; and Bel g i an , 102 to 103, s Birmingham Shares left off 87 to 894 ; G r eat WestetTh. to 234 premium ; North Midland, 65 to 67 p er share; „,ii= Eastern, 254 to 26 per share ; and Brighton, 351 to au",r,' per share. We have had no arrivals from the Colonies. . (From The Sun of Last Night.) The Money Market has been comparatively neglected, in o O sequence of superior attractions to be found elsewhere to-dar Consols are 91/ for the opening ex-dividend ; Three..and - e Half per Cents. Reduced, 1001 ; India Bonds, 23 25; P . chequer Bills, 48 50 prem. In the Foreign Securities the prices are nominally, Belght, 102 103 ; Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents., 521 52& • ' Five per Cents., 101 1011; Danish, 80/ 81i ; and Dl' • ailian, 66 1 4 67 1 ,4. Little has been done in Shares :—Great Western, 87 88; the Half Shares, 61 61i ; Cheltenham and Great Western, 4 171 South Western, 64 63i; Ea s t ern C ount i es , 9 9k ; Brighton, 34 34. y. The quotatiuns for the Bonds are, Colombian, 261; r e ," . vian, 18i ; Portuguese Fiv e per C en t s ., 34; the Th,r'" per Cents., 21i ; Sp anis h Fi ve per C ents ., 22} 220 Three per Cents., 23* 23i. It would appear by t h e accounts from Madrid, that tom, opinions held with re g ard t o t h e p aymen t o f th e next upon the Three per Cent. Spanish Stock, have not beett, s "'" , it;; correct. In the early part of th e p resen t year , t h e Minister laid his budget before the Cortes, which showed . i ' ;rb income to be equal to about the h a lf th e ex p en dit ure , i n yilo";/"), however, was included the half y ear ' s di v id en d upon t he Itcf j o l,' and foreign debt. Th e fi rs t it ems b y w hi c h i t was propoga b o tt o ,/ meet the deficiency were these dividends, which were ttWc,,ie postponed, and the r ema i n d er b orrowe d. Immedr4ioVj after this the sche m e f or conver ti ng th e ov er coupons appeared, and after numerous delays, the missioners arriled here, and the conversion was effeaTk Every exertion was used to give a va l ue t o th e Stock, lta**e.:i was almost o ffi cially announced, that not only w as the alto actually in hand for the amount which has been paid, but for the dividend due next month. Great doubts, ho ve° existed as to the correctness of the statement, is quence of the state of the finances above alluded and as to the method by which the sum bad been .P'; • cured. It would now appear that the conjectures formed were not incorrect ; and it may be fairly conc!'"" fo ri that the plan was, in reality, intended to raise moneVer;,Oi the Government, under the pretext of doing an act of jatiiy o , to the foreign creditor s . Th e Mi n i stry was c h a ll eng ed having deposited with the contractors a large amount of CO which ought to have been ca,, cell e d, an d by conver ting „ t o $:// coupons into stock, and selling the stock, the m on ey etselts jf raised and two or three dividends p a id out o f p ar t o f the r t iel . ceeds. 'The scheme, however, has apparently failed. 5a 4c 4 01 ,, ,,:' bonds are at a discount of 78 per cent., while capitahat 6 ,0 1 ,0'4 invited to come forward and lend the . money to pay the "i.J,41 dividend. No more need be said to show the utter scoria, g ikiy , ;4 ness of the documents, and that no reliance can be Ow", what are miscalled " Spanish" securities. -• PRICES OF IRISH STOCKS, DUBLIN, JUNE 3 per Cent. Consols Three and Half Stock 99* Grand Canal Stock .. . ... Ditto Reduced ...... Ditto Debs. 6 per cont..' Ditto New 1830... 99/ Ditto 4 per cent ......• •••. 3i per Cent. Debs. .• MANCHESTER. STOCK EXCHANGE, JUNE B.—The e jtla • Market remains very in ac ti ve , b ut pr i ces h ave undergat h s ok' variation. Manchester and L ee d s , 82 83 ; di tto Half '"ior 36 ask ; South Eastern Scrip, 6 6*; London and Bir: 0 1o0 ham, 1771 1781; Edinburgh and Glasgow, 51 51/; Bolan 10/•. and South Western, 6263; Manchester an d S a lf o rd Ban , CLOSING PRICES. BRIT I6B ISH II F nd U ia NDS. Bank Stock ............... ~t 5 e l •' . ~ ~,, 3 per Cent. Red. .. ..... J 3 per Cent. Cons — Ditto Old Annuities ... ..... 3i per Cent. Red 100 j Ditto New Annuities , . 49 po , New 3i per Cent — Ex. Bills, 1,000/....9d• b op 0 _/!,, New 5 per Cent — Ditto 5001... •• •bop 0 i'' Long Annuities to expire Ditto Small ...... Jan. 1860 ... ...... 12 9-16 Bank Stock for Acct..* Oct. 1859 9,,~ Jan. 18u0 — I Consols •for Opg. •••••• FOREIGN FUNDS. Austrian, 5 per cent. ... Portuguese, 5 per cen t- Belgian, 5 per cent — Ditto, New Ditto .....•••• , ..... . , . Brazilian Bonds. ~ --,,,.., Buenos Ayres 6 per cent — Russian, 5 per cent. ••••• ~..._, . Chilian, 6 per cent — Ditto, Metallic ..... .. •••• 29.0 ~.` I,i Colombian, 6 per cent — !Spanish, 5 per cent...." • 101 : ,mr i t Ditto, 1824 26i Ditto, Deferred.... ' f . ...g • ' . T 4 l Danish, 3 per cent , French, 5 per cent . --- c ....-c. ~' , Greek, 1825, 5 per cent — 'Exchange...-. ..... __-q . ....-c. Mexican, 5 per cent 36i French, 3 percent. . • yli , Ditto, 6 per cent. 1837 i Dutch, 21 per cent. ..... ..... Peruvian, 1825, 6 per et. ' Ditto, 5 per cent. ... ••• • SHARES. aA Eastern Counties Railway (23 paid) .••..•••• b 16 1 '- Ditto New Shares ( paid) ... ...........51 Edinburgh and Glasgow (50 paid) ..... • '" 41 Ditto New Shares ( 3 paid... ........... Great Western Railway (65 paid) ........... 62k Ditto New Shares (50 paid) ............... ..• Ditto Fifth (4 paid) ......................• . ••• 3 4 • London and Brighton (50 paid) •• ........ 1 74 • London and Birmingham (90) ...... .•- 36 •••- ; ,, (1 1, 1 Ditto Quarter Shares (15 paid) .. • ........) 6 1 London and Greenwich Railway (121 ... 9 _,, 4 "T 62i •-f,l - and South Western o'3/ 15s Od Yu/ 701 i Midland Counties Railway (100 paid) .... 42i -4 ,, p•iq Northern and Eastern (45 paid) • ....... . - ..c . 4 06 ;11 Paris and Rouen (16 paid) .................. gOk 0 j South Eastern and Dover (50 paid)••• ...... ' 6 i t ........ Ditto Scrip. ( 5 paid) ................ . ,•••'; .. York and North Midland (50 paid ) • .... Ditto New Shares (15 paid) ......... •••• •.4 .3 Am coUjAE-"P*Vietb; i 1 / 4, • - 4rt s LtionTiAlre THE INDIA SUN, CONTAINING A MAP AND FULL ACCOUNT OF AFFGHANISTAN AND THE THEATRE OF WAR IN INDIA, ALSO, THE CHINA SUN , ARE NOW RE-PUBLISHING, WITH ALL THE LATEST NEWS FROM INDIA AND CHINA. t The 1 1* , h ‘144441