The Sun. — London, England, 1842-05-25 00:00:00

. o no them in eta good mld nor sorted•-- al ) origin 'said he sear bin' • sure was Les whic h t h e cowl• , riculture eut ri 2 C a. [idst 1/01 !w words d prise Lon Go" • put for Ward on that side of the - House-namely, that the te e e r ! l 'law was founded upon a higher principle of pro -41,4011 than the . tariff. The Right Hon. Baronet had th °ue the valuable admission, that in the resent state of k ed in g s t __the people of this country were not . provided with Jud ging the extent which they had a right to expect. a l g u o gitg from the language of the Right Honour .uttronet any one would suppose that meat xtas the stapie• food of the people.—(Hear, hear.) iehrY argument, however, which had been urged by the e n g t rion. Baronet, in favour of a reduction in the duty th:attle, would apply with ten-fold force to corn ; and if th e P r , r , es e,nt Corn-laws should fail to supply the wants of shame the Government would be compelled in very Ene t° apply that principle to corn which ! with respect le,attle terd admitted to be absolutely neces %for the iests of the people.—(Hear, hear.) th e n a i, l 'r VIVIAN said that his motion was. rather in did -41 ` 11 re of an appeal to the Right Hon. Baronet. He i t t l :ot N,vish to take up t h e t i me o f t h e H ouse i n p re s s ing dra w att.tilVision, and he would therefore beg to with ord T Ma id ' • -nUSSELL said that before the motion was lawn he would observe that as the Right Hon. e ... ntl eman had referred to the quantity of corn im ',uo7lil under the present Corn Bill-law he hoped he count ha‘e no objection to lay before the House an ac quitntint..f the amount of corn taken out of bond, and the V: 4 now in bond, which he understood to 1,000,000 alt-eriers. It was d es i ra bl e t h at t h ere s h ou ld b e an accu t.staternent made on th e matter . d ere l a r .11I.TME said that the Colonies ought to be consi should b an integral part of the empire, and that there e no duties imposed on their productions when into this country. r t i, ; 1 lISEY sa id t h at h i s v i ews had b een ca ll e d then ae,he:al. Ile would then state what a practical farmer, thi s r ented 20 0 acres of land at 2001. a-year, told him on had s c l t i e et• He had s t ate d t h at h e wou ld rather wheat the -" Presentextent to whi c h i t h a d b etween l ast M a y a nd the tim e Si r t h ills, P EEL said that, according to his butcher's muttontorTi n ot . :Eo fa r r l t h h e at i l sTob ta i k e en place whatever in the price of Lord referred to the quantity of tern,a tl i m be jid. The quantity in bond was 800,000 quar aubjec,C "e was re a dy t o give every i n f orma ti o n on the Air. p Ar t ~.,1-18EY explained. that th,; ‘ , WOOD agreed with the Right Hon. Baronet rega rt p , should not d raw any hasty conclusions with 11 , 44 ei th e new Corn-law. The Right Hon. Gentle leatistit,a''a the a d vantage of t h e C arn -l aw f rom th e stated of corn admitted within the last two weeks. He at 15 , 0 00 quarters were admitted the week end tn e 1 2th of May, and in the last week 5,000 quarters Nee. inn - alo ne. But under the o ld Corn-law there 1,,0 - 00 eyed in the corresponding weeks last year, City in (Planers in th e fi rs t, an d a lmost as large a quun the second, at a price of 235. Bd., so that very Lor c . ottld -be drawn from the quantity imported. _. rent fr ` t SAICDON said that the case of corn waseiffe the °ln the case of cattle, for one was imported from x!ttit,;(3tst extensive market, and' the other from a cornpa siti4 cir cumscribed one.—(Cheers from the Oppo °tie They might have an immense crop of corn in kee t e t a r, Out they would not have a large crop of cattle, 14 aerefore the cases w e re distinct. The fact was 'dealt s ubject was a most intricate one, and whoever °Piei,: i th it had to deal with the most conflicting r Sonde 1 3.--- (Cheers ) The Noble Lord the MembFr f 'ore; -a nd for instance,. would treat the colonies as woultteountries, while the Hon. Member for .‘lontrcis thee kie gd - 44 4 them treated like an integral portion of . et - thi era lt .: lie should for his own part prefer the opinion *Ts el lu t () ,, n• Member for Montrose, but it was with such `Rent ',pinions the Right Hon. Baronet had to deal. who h,„"kIiOUCHERE agreed with the Noble Lord tte port 7e ., just sat down, that very little cattle could be cor npr. ?". into this country, but that a large quantity Qi I vas fl , l it ; nd . he had no doubt that that circumstance kee nt - e basis of the present, measures of the tieGovern etl they ; and if had avowed that, they would not have Ney t r l used, as they had been, of a nd inconsistency. A Ifferent prin c ipl e h a d b een a d o pt e d with respect to lee Pl to cattle, both of which he contended ought to ac e d. mail st on the same footing. The Right Hon. Gentle deeti,,aled, that population was outstripping the pro of that of food in this country. There could be no doubt ae thm a l , and the assertions of the Right Hon. Gentleman f or ; " not be forgotten in the country. Was it not, there -411 ' ati rPrising, that a Minister of the Crown, after such kw as should have brought forward such a Corn tt) t a h s the Right Hon. Baronet had done ? With regard i neliquestion of col on i a l protect i on , h e wes not th oit "ed to act upon any abstract principle ; but he ea.t.r,grhtthe principle of colonial protection had been 14, 4 ' xi to too great, an extent in the original tariff ; h e raj !therati hoever, glad to find that in the present one seve t,) ions were made in that respect. With respect Lthe manufactures of India, he considered they had not I Cn placed as yet upon a fair footing, and he was, there glad to find in the present tariff, that they were ely to be more favourably dealt with. He considered 7 t ;at . hitherto th e greatest injustice had been done to d a, and h e was glad to see that something like a re ‘r4e.. dy for that i n j ustice was proposed in the tariff: At t he same time, he thought the 'lie lit Hon. Gentleman had ~ x iided the principle of colonial protection to a mis a4levoits extent. In that v ery art i cle o f l ive cattle, what 41 d be the meaning of imposing a differential duty in hands of coloni a l ca ttle, wh en i t was admitted on all could ► et no cattle could come from our colonies? What . . 4,E, t - e6 , the meaning of it except, to assert the principle -altb„„_tonial protection ought to be universal ? Now, Vriqh he could not agree with some of his Hon. if th ey that our colonies should be treated precisely as sid,rYthwere foreign countries, yet he could not but con ketiat the Right Hon. Gentleman had p . ushed his e xteq t (4. colonial protection to a most mischievous Mr, c „ a Peeeeh `" ) EIEN felt astonished at hearing such a ' m et the A , that which had been made by the Noble 'reraber for Liverpool emanate from the repre nll)", a large commercial community. The Noble : win ; ..i.„.. ex:: : : re d of the Corn-law, because it prevented us -n g in gollr commodities for the produce of other thou, h '. l4 d he approved of' the provision -law, because, stuttered that exchange to take place, it was l eh th k ' "VII the circumstance of the countries from te eolseattl6 was to be brought, that it could give ii;.l*.aehtttnercial transactions to any great extent. In n a r k ing ' t e tt t he people agreed with the Noble Lord in to take 4 t the object of their legislation in that House t tak:enj importation from . taking place, when it .1; the Place in large quantities. The Noble Lord and es unlitry might be inundated with foreign corn. I) w i i , th ortierthe,n our manufacturers would . be inundated p r `ltep nt '', to execute, which must give increased em ,.t.eteet the labouring classes; and it was to b ma t h :: 14 t they were legislating. The people looked , d tie k. °:„eoarse of legislation with anything but appro fiereti Lie thought the Right Hon. Baronet, in the ,ld'tofttitarglunents he had addressed to the different te l P,7) ° l l, h a d louse, as he had desired to conciliate their r `erst 4 " Paid anything but a compliment to their sta ttadi eRe s peck. It reminded him of an actor on another gas er&r, agars technically called aside, so that only eseed should hear him, while in fact he Ni t ;:`, 4 . 1 1 over the house. It was a mockery of the x;7lissiegislate in such a manner. In Lancashire ath extinguished —there was a settled; lasting 4:4rtion, I)t tt the industrious classes, with no hope or 44 , 11 1 to utl. revival. But Englishmen would not lie te, t it l e like dogs ; and while they were legis „„rti - 'Spi!. l Y 'flat House, haggling over a miserable rlt th ,,, Pound on beef, they were rousing a 4''epi tto ,'" would bring about changes far more Ilted ,(than any now contemplated. The people cl u Ttatti c 7„,`',and employment, and they were legislating %lied them to prevent their having either. They ex it, a th e _ to from all trade with America, and then they t 6 dat ed that from New Orleans this country might be cl e te w "" with corn. The, said this at a time when k Oh at ;l e- tens of thousands of people starving for want ii 4 th k i r e r s 3: . !bed—wh en _ t h e i r mac hi nery was rusting, t ) 1 14 04 In Ps rottin g f or want o f employment. Such ei t d o w as a scan to England—was a scandal to ` 11tR !ants of ,They , had no earthly right to prevent the s t° o -port from exchanging the produce of for the corn of the Mississipi valley. •LPlaveteither raOre nor less than legislative murder, 17° of t heir the. people from exchanging the Rro le,‘l'a4 en - t -e t i t • labourfor the food of other countries. 4 47t ik kea - t? u 'Price they cared about —a penny a pound Pay for'l ) a - Rive the people employment, and the people for n. 114 "nlible the price. What the people . contended . r . .,.„, j A right to exchange the produce of their labour of other countries. Was it too much for the j4 kl tl ', e w•-nn the ght to go 3,000 miles for food? thei,' landed gentlemen give them food in exchange i t - 4 1$1e y ,i'r3tton tnanufactures P—were they prepared to e ti l a ent . t ' ir4ll ? The manufacturers never came to Par tit metre °' fix the price of a yard of calico, as the wis itt ey ehl-tdts who settled the price of corn at 565. No, 491enged competition with the whole world. The ittNeced 101 l oaterest could not employ them, and yet they ''l-I,ere.irtlhethe right of exchanging the produce of their Jt fooa of other countries. He could not citott6f riently to such proceedings. He felt himself hin t as (- ° lll ing from the place he did, seeing so much h a .. ronod him, to take any course that was allowed fi tt,. ‘ a 1, t01d4 ,2 0u get a man to join him in that course, to 17in the that which he considered to be a national a ce s country. tie -tylibtarsisaid, he had represented a large con -1193' for 114 tanned the period of eleven y ea rs, an d h e h a d a l ways t 4 hY t o toe, G e same principle. Th e argumen t use d b y man was, that th e y wou ld destroy ern -141 „th e ose principl es . If t h e H on. M em b ers on to,ke'landon's) side of the House saw the argument te ottl. , insight as the Hon. Member, he believed t t 4 ar a d _ u,be willing to adopt the principles ; but they pe.poli_untirely as to their result, for they believed that to of the lion. Gentleman would be the means of Ti i itii labour. The manufacturers wished to main +ay -4.1 protection, and h e di d not believe they wished ir ,fl ge in the Corn-% P . rtataTo uß „' wb• *lil y se au he thought the tariff ought :(Tess into law. 'Whether the tariff was good outubtrse who promoted it must stand or fall by it. tlirile Yliveasi.e-atremely desirous that it should b!- .11a , , I . ju n• Ile A t Team to say that this was not his e x of the _tthought it ought to be submitted to r th Cs elit t:t an try, for them to decide upon it. The ( "et a'uvrJrnment was making a great step towards bas Ivelkidame, 'and the pro iositiou of the late Government y e t be considered b utnre . generations a great a nd ti re ' The House had been occupied one whole night, 410 .4 0 .. u lt. ., had made 'no laad e -r - night had arriTerSgrio(a)esi il : and nine o'clock of o uo to fi t irther progrFss at tx; •. while millions were. Plt,,;,,,n_s e xpectation, and the delay prevehneterdesutlhteNeYlmtl.l VC" of capital. t P r oposition was th en agreed to. k e 11 eafferent ems ' it to swine a n d h ogs exclusive, were d e t° ' e item of swine and hogs being proposed, kt S• 1313RIEN said, he thought it was almost use ea° ettempt to induce . the Right Hon. Baronet to k 41 447_ t : 1118 Part of the tariff ; he thought it right ou unereete 'which he represented, not to let the part of the tariff pass without entering nis protest against it. This proposition was a change from total prohibition to a system of free-trade. A protection of ss. was not sufficient—it would be unjust to Ireland. What he had to propose was that a duty of 4s. per cwt.. be substituted for the uniform duty of 55., as proposed under the new tariff. He would not then even press this motion, but he wished to negative the amount of 'ss., leaving it to, the Government to substitute another amount. Mr. MILES said he heard with great satisfaction the proposition of the Hon. Gentleman, and he should sup- . port him in his proposition. It was a question which concerned the poor cottager as much as the agriculturist. The House divided, when the numbers were— For the amendment Against it l2l Majority against the amendment —B9 On going into the article of cassava powder, Mr. VERNON SMITH said as this and other arti cles in the tariff produced scarcely ,any amount of re venue, he wished to ask the Right Hon. Gentleman the Vice-President of the Board of Trade if he saw any ob jection to lower the duties so as to retain them merely for statistical purposes, or to strike them out of the tariff altogether. These articles were adMitted now at a very low rate of duty, and had given scarcely any revenue of late years, and they appeared tolie, the burdens of the tariff. In the first edition of the tariff, he counted 267 articles, not one of which producecl l s/. to the revenue in the year 1840. He thought all these might be struck out of the tariff, as nothing more than. an incumbrance. In the third edition, he was glad to observe that a great many of those articles had been: struck out, and he begged now to ask the Right llon, Gentleman whether he objected to that course being pursued with regard to all artieles of a low rate of duty. Mr. GLADSTONE said he •did ; pot see what advant age was to be obtained from the adoption of the Hon. Gentleman's suggestion. He thought that the duty on the articles referred to was very low at present, at the same time he would wish to point out to the Hon. Gen tleman, that however low the rate for statistical pur-. poses, the incumbrance to the tariff , would be the same ; he did not see that the tariff would be at all simplified by the plan proposed. Mr. LABOUCHERE thought that the suggestion was really well worthy the attention of the Right Hon. Gentleman. Mr. HUME said he thought this was a matter of con siderable importance. Two plans; had been proposed; one was to reduce the number of,articles in the tariff from 11 or 1,200 to 150, which he thought might be done with considerable advantage; he was . sure the simplification of the tariff would depend entirely upon that being adopted. He should recommend that there should be one . general item, at the end of the tariff, of enumerated articles, at a certain duty, say of ls. a cwt. '° The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER ob served that the enumerating of tke articles was of little importance, as far as the revenue Was concerned ; but it was of importance for the information of manufacturers, that they should know the quantity imported. Mr. HUME briefly explained ; and after a short con versation the matter dropped, when the proposition was agreed to. On the item " ash" being read, Capt. PECHELL protested against the neglect of the interests of British fishermen, in the arrangements of the new tariff. He did not object, nor did the fishermen of the south coast of England object, to a free trade in fish, although the French fishermen obtained their bread at one-third the price which the English paid for theirs.— (Hear.) But the Government olight to take as much care of the English fishermen as the French did of theirs. There would be no complaint on this side of the Channel if our Government insisted on preserving the coast fish ing from the encroachments of the French. Mr. Alderman HUMPHERY moved that lobsters should continue to be imported cliity free. Mr. AARON CHAPMAN supported the proposition. Sir R.. PEEL said, that as the government had deter mined on subjecting fish generally to a moderate duty, they did not think it would be wise to make an exception in favour of lobster and turbot, which were consumed almost exclusively by the richer classes. Mr. LABOUCHERE believed that the imposition of a duty upon lobsters would injure the fishermen engaged in the trade, without conferring any material benefit upon the public ; and he trusted, therefore, that the Govern ment would take the subject into their further consi deration. Mr. GLADSTONE did not apprehend that the trade would be materially affected by the imposition of the proposed duty. The question oc. convenience was more open to objection, but it had not yet been found that any material inconvenience would athe, Lord HOWICK asked on' what ground the duty was imposed ? He apprehended it was not for revenue, nor could it be necessary for protection. Then, was it wise to run the risk of interfering with the trade for the sake of an apparent uniformity in die tariff ? It was not the amount of the duty, but the restrictioa that would be found to be an inconvenience • and a very considerable degree of inconvenience would be created, while there would be no commensurate advantage. Mr. HUME suggested that the• duty should be taken off fish altogether. The present duties on different kinds of fish only produced a few shillings a year, and as it was-an article of great importance as food, let them give the poor the full benefit of free trade in it. Let them reduce one of the Commissioners of Customs, who might be well spared, and that would make up for etery possi ble deficiency. Mr. WAKLEY showed the fallacy of the opinion that lobsters were principally consumed by the higher classes ; the far greater proportion was used by the mid dle and lower classes. Sir R. PEEL said the time of the House was of more importance than the subject under discussion ; he ad mitted the fact that lobsters were greatly used by the middle and lower classes. He also admitted that the Hon. Member for Harwich had shown some strong reasons for a revision of the duty; as the sense of the House appeared to be favourable to it, he would consent to reserve the article of lobsters for consideration. Mr. RICE asked for an explanation of the words "Fish imported from foreign places in other than Bri tish vessels." Mr, GLADSTONE said it : was intended that none should be imported except in vessels that had cleared out from a British port. Mr. Alderman HUMPHERY said that the Brighton fishermen were in the habit of meeting the French fishermen halt way in the Channel, and pur chasing fish of them, rather than , fish them selves. The question then was, where they should take them in. With respect to turbot, they were for merly allowed to be brought in free, in foreign bottoms —(Laughter)—but the tariff prevented them from being brought in at all, or they must be transported from one vessel to another, by which their quality would be much injured.—(Hear, heall) Mr. GLADSTONE said he was prepared to remedy the evil complained of by the Hon. Gentleman, by placing the word " turbot" immediately before the words " fish imported from foreign places:' On the question—That a duty of ss. be imposed upon turbot, Mr. AGLIONBY objected to the proposal, on the ground that it was a retrograde step, and contrary to the principle of the tariff. On this point he felt so strongly, that if any Hon. Member would divide with him, he would take the sense' of the House.. He could not under stand on what principle the Right Hon. Baronet refused to accede to a reduction with regard to turbot, which he admitted with respect to lobsters. Sir R. PEEL said, under the old tariff, the admission of turbot was objected to, on the ground that it was a luxury, and could not be obtained by the poor. If ho had continued the duty upon salted herrings, and had exempted turbot, it would have been said that he was favouring the rich.—(Hear, hear.) After a few words from Mr. AGLIONBY in explana tion, and from Lord INGESTRIE, the resolution was agreed to without a division. On the resolution imposing various duties on fish im ported from foreign places in other than fishing vessels being proposed, Mr. C. BULLER inquired' why it was that various duties were proposed for different kinds of fish ? For instance, on salmon the duty was to -be los. per cwt., and on turbot ss. per cwt. Sir R. PEEL said that it was owing to the difference in the expense incurred in the various fisheries. Mr. C. BULLER expressed himself satisfied with the Right Hon. Baronet's explanation. Mr. M. GIBSON said, it appeared to him that the present proposition withdrew protection from the poor fisherman, and retained it to a great extent in the case of the fisherman who catered for the rich. He thought that the imposition of a duty of 10s. per cwt. on salmon was yielding to that influence which the Right Hon. Baronet had deprecated. Sir R. PEEL said, that under the former system of protection, leases of 14, and, in some instances, 20 years, had been entered into in salmon fisheries, parti cularly in the northern parts of the country, and very large sums had been expended on those fisheries ; it was therefore but just that they should in some degree be protected. With regard to soles, he had not:received a single remonstrance, while, as respected salmon, there was not a single article on which hehad received so many representations.' And if there was 'any one article to which he might refer for the sake of political power, it was to the article of salmon, and also to that of soles. Mr. GLADSTONE said that, looking to the value of the articles, the duty on salmon was lower than the duty on soles. Mr. WAKLEY suggested that it would be well to re duce the duty on salmon from 10s. to Bs. . Mr. Alderman HUMPHERY said that an additional penny in the pound . would be of little consequence. He thought that the largest boon ever given by the Right Hon. Baronet related to the article of salmon.—(Great laughter.) With regard to - the fishing of soles no rent whatever was paid, while a very large rent was paid for salmon fisheries. The rent of Lough Foyle alone was 6,000/. Lord J. RUSSELL thought the duty of 10s. was Very considerate, but he considered that no expectation chould be held out that the duty was to be for ever maintained. After a few words from Mr. RICE, Captain PECIIELL, Mr. HOME, and Sir ROBERT PEEL, the resolution was agreed to. On the resolution dutiesimposin pt g oruipruLso ldv on various descrip tions o foreignf fruit wi s being iied ' Dn BOWRING why any distinction was made with regard to almonds. He thought it better that they should go under one name . Mr. GLADSTONE saidtliatthed to raise istinet theion m , a d s uatly ready made, and they had only proposed on one sort still higher from 20s. to 255. Mr. PARKER wished to know why the duty on fo reign apples had been increased ? Sir E. KNATCHBULL said that the duty was re duced," and - he believed that reduction would prove . . • beneficial. Mr. F. BARING considered that in the present tariff the duty on foreign apples had been increased, and not diminished. Sir E. KNATCHBULL denied that there had been any real increase in the duty on apples. lie would SUN, LONDON., WEDNESDAY EVENING, MAY 25, 1842. kplain the circumstances of the case. At the close of the Session in 1838, when almost all the Members of Parliament had left town, the Annual Customs Bill was proposed, and into it a clause had been introduced re ducing the duty on apples from 4s. the bushel to five per cent. ad valorem. This clause had been introduced without notice. The parties interested had waited on their friends in the other House of Parliament, and threats had been held out by those who had the power of carrying theM into execution, that the Bill should not be allowed to pass unless an assurance were given that some measure giving adequate protection to the apple-grower should be introduced. It had been generally understood that Lord Melbourne had acquiesced in that arrange ment. He was aware that the Noble Lord did not ad mit the correctness of that understanding ; but he knew that from 'the volumes to which they generally appealed for a report of their debates, and also from the recollec tion of those who were present during the discussion, it s app u e n a d re h d e th w a a t s s u or aeiussuschtuuunndd understand understanding how had the been misunder standing u n standing on the subject cou ld have arisen. He thought come der _ to, the parties interested had just ground of complaint ; and although the duty of 6d. a bushel might be an increase upon the duty of 5 per cent., it was a decrease upon the duty of 45. a bushel, the protection to which, upon the faith of that understanding, the apple-grower was en titled. Mr. AGLIONBY wished to know, whether; it was ad mitted that 6d. a bushel was an increase upon 5 per cent., and whether this increase was proposed because some misunderstanding had taken place some six years since? He thought that was no ground fir departing from the general principles of the tariff, and increasing the duty upon the fruit consumed by the poor, from 5 per cent. to 25 per cent. which would be the effect of the proposed alterations, while it would leave the duty on the finer sort of apples, which were consumed by the rich, at nearly the present rate. Mr. F, T. BARING had avoided discussing the ques tion as a personal one. A Committee of that House had sat in 1839, to consider the subject, and it appeared from this investigation, that so far from the alteration having diminished the price, the price of apples had actually risen after the increased importations had taken place. Mr. GLADSTO.NE said, be agreed with the Right Hon. Gentleman that • the sole question they had to con sider was; whether 5 per cent. duty was a fair; and proper duty. He admitted that 6d. a bushel would' be a high ditty, with regard to apples of an inferior quality. There were some apples as low as 2s. 6d. a bushel. But the apples of the inferior quality were not those which came from France, but the medium quality.-; The duty on the lower kind would be about 10 or 12; per cent. but on the best quality it would amount to almost no thing. The growers of apples in this country had some claim upon the Government for a measure of this sort, for when the late duty was before Parliament, Lord Mel bourne said that, if there were any objections to it, there should be subsequently a Bill brought in to meet those objects then before the House. Mr. WAKLEY said that since that law had been in operation, years had elapsed; and they had bad a Com mittee to inquire into the subject. .- - -("for no,") They heard no complaints from the counties of Devon end Hereford where 'apples were grown; the complaints were all from Kent; and if the Right Hon. Baronet, the Mem ber for Kent, had not been a member of the Adminis tration, the Government would not have made this pro position. Here was the duty on the fruit of the working. people of this country, the fruit they consumed, if they had the good fortune to get fruit at all, raised from a penny to sixpence a bushel ; from 5 per cent. to 20 per cent., and even more, The Right Hon. Gentleman said that the duty would turfy apply to apples of an inferior quality, but this was a mistake, because the e Etpples con sumed by the working classes were the inferior qualities, therefore this duty would operate oil them to the amount of 35 or 40 per: cent. If apples could be brought from America at a remune rative price to the Ametican ; the Kent farmers must in deed he tt hluggish set If they could riot bring them to the London market so as to be remunerated.; Sir R. PEEL had deeply considered this subject ; he believed that apples constituted the principal luxury of the poor—(Hear, hear, hear)—but when he looked at the circumstances attendant on this item, he must say that he thought he was fulfilling an engagement of the slate Government in proposing this measure.— (Hear.) In the year 1838, Lord Melbourne was re 'corded to have said that which he (Sir It. Peel) •thought was as muck as to gay that the Government would, in some manner or other; bring forward a motion to in erettee thti ditty tin apples. Ho had btour s itt forward this motion principally because Lord Melbourne had pledged himself to a measure of the kind, and he did think that the engagements of one Government should be fulfilled by the other Government, if they possibly could, in accordance with their political sentiments. Mr. HUTT thought that this measure would apply to all classes of apples, and not to the best kind, as stated by the Right Hon. Gentleman opposite. He hoped that the question would be reconsidered by the government. Mr. PLUMPTRE supported the proposition of the Government. • Lord J. RUSSELL said that the pledge which Lord Melbourne had given was merely respecting perishable fruit, and the whole extent of his pledge was, that the whole subject of the duties should be reconsidered in a Com mittee. - What was the statement of the Vice-President of the Board of Trade ? Ile said that the price of apples-con tinually varied, and that the proposed duty would there fore vary from two per cent. ad .Valorem, to twenty-five per cent. ad valorem. The whole question resolved itself into this, was the sixpenny duty then proposed better than 5 per cent. ad valorem ? He could not but think that the latter was best. Mr. ESCOTT agreed with gentlemen who had pre ceded him that this was a very important question ; and that the article of apples formed one of the principal luxuries of the poorer classes ; he perfectly agreed, too, with the Noble Lord, that they ought not to act on the precedent of Lord Melbourne's Government. Mr. HUME said if one Government were bound to carry out the measures of another Government, why did not the present Government carry out Lord Melbourne's proposition, relative to the fixed duty on corn ?—(Hear.) He hoped, looking at the merits of the case, that the Right Hon. Baronet would add the words ad valorem in this instance. He did think that a duty of 20 per cent. was too much. Sir IL PEEL had given the subject every consider ation, and having heard evidence upon it, he could not undertake to reduce the duty, but must steadfastly ad here to the amount he had proposed. Mr. WAKLEY proposed as an amendment, that the duty on apples be 5 per cent. ad valorem, instead of 6d. a bushel. After some further conversational discussion, the Com mittee divided ; the numbers were— For Mr. Wakley's amendment 5l Against it llO Majority against the amendment -5o The resolution was then agreed to. The other items relating to fruit were agreed to, and, On the motion of Dr. BOWRING, The CHAIRMAN reported progress, and obtained leave to sit again. • The House then resumed. On the motion of Sir JAMES GRAHAM, the In cumbents Leasing Bill (No. 2), was read a third time and passed. The other Orders of the Day were then disposed of, and the House adjourned at Half-past One. To be . published -with the Magazines, on the 31st instant, complete in one Pocket Volume,embellished with Engravings , price 65., ALL IN T.HE WRONG; OR BIRTHS, DEATHS, AND MARRIAGES. By' THEODORE HOOK, Esq. Author of " Jack Brag," " The Widow and the Marquis," &c. FORMING THE NEW VOLUME OF "THE STANDARD NOVELS AND ROMANCES." Which also comprise the following Works by the same Author : The Parson's Daughter. Jack Brag. I Maxwell. Gilbert Gurney. The Widow and the Marquis. Richard Bentley, New- Burlington-street. TO GROCERS, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. WANTED by a STEADY YOUNG MAN, a SITUATION in the above line of business. Has bad the Superintendence of a very extensive and respectable Establishment in the Country. Five Years' unexceptionable reference as to character, &c., and security (if required) can be given by parties either in Town or Country. Address to J. F., 18, Lambeth-terrace, Lambeth. THEATRE-ROYAL, ENGLISH OPERA-HOUSE. THIS EVENING, MAY 25, The Perf ,rmances will commence with the Farce of THE BEE HlVE.—Mingle Mr. Harley; Cicely, Mrs. Humby. After which, PICTURESQUE AND BEAUTIFUL.—Lorimer, Mr. Balker. To be followed by the favourite Farce, called A DAY WELL SPENT.—BoIt, Mr. Walter Lacy ; Mizzle, Mr. Oxberry Succeeded by the hairy Ballet of LA SYLPHIDE.—DonaId, Mr. Gilbert; The Sylph, Miss Bailin. fo conclude with GIOVANNI IN LONDON.—Don Giovanni, Mrs. H. P. Grattan; Loporella, Mr. Harley. Boxes, 4s.—Pit, 2s.—Gallery, Is Doors open at Half-past Six ; commence at Scven ; Half-price a Quarter before Nine. Private Boxes to be had of Mr. Grogan, at the Private Box-ottica ; and of Messrs. Andrews, Mitchell, Sams, and Bally, at their Libraries ItOYAL SURREY THEATRE. Great overflows—The most splendid Novelties ever wit essed, with an immense outlay, and numbers beyond conception. THIS EVENING. MAY 25, Will tr presented a New Military and Equ-strian Spectacle, cnti. tle - I MURAT—THE PEASANT, tiENERAL, PRINCE, AND KING, with Battles, Grand Reviews ef Horse and Foot, and gor. genus Tableaux After whicla, in a more extensive and splendid Arena than ever before witnessed. NEW SCENES IN THE CIRCLE, introducing . B &TTY'S unrivalled Collection of Animals, consisting of nu. crou sand matchless Cream.coloured Horses, An.talusian Chargers, potted Conners, Fairy Palfreys, and Pigmy Poneys, and the most alented Vaulters, Riders, Gymnastics, and Contortionists in the kingdom. PONY RAC IS, eclipsing all former efforts, and areal Monkey, the only one trained as Racing Jockey. To conclude with the Cirand-Burlesque of NORMA. ROYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS. The Nobility, Gentry, Subscribers, and the Public, are respectfully Informed that ON MONDAYS, TUESDAYS, AND THUFVD GRAND FESTIVALS will be celebrated, in which will be embo. died all those popular Entertainments that have given to this favou rite place of recreation its peculiar celebrity, with additions and in. troductions, which it is confidently anticipated will render them even more generally attractive. The MENAGERIE has been enriched by many valuable and lilt. portant acquisitions in the classes of both Quadrupeds and Birds. The Colossal VIEW OF BOME has been repainted, and in some instances remodelled. The BAND will include some of the most emme.it Performers, conducted by Mr. Godfrey. The Programme of the PROMENADES M USICALES will be selected from the noblest works of the great Masters. The ILLUMINATION of ST PETER'S, the GIRA NOOLA, the FLADI.NG MESSEN GER, the METEOR of ST. PETER'S, and a Grand HYDRO PYRRHIC TABLEAU! The Gardens are open Daily from Ten till Dusk. The Evening Fetes, with the Promenades Mus , cales, Illumination of it. Peter's, Girandola of St. Angelo, &c., will be given on Mondays, Tuesdays, and Thursdays. Admission One Shilling. All Advertisements of a Disgusting Character, or Immoral TendencY, are excluded from the Columns of The Sun." loss of intellect which is said to be the precursor of annihilation. Their leader's language and conduct predicate like Mr. KNIGHT'S avowals, a thorough demoraliza tion. He has lately exerted himself to pass a law to limit and curtail the supply of bread. His Corn-law is a totally new law, and its essence is to keep food away, from the people. The night before last, how ever, he expatiated on the necessity of looking out fora wider area for a supply "of food." He had a deep conviction that population was increasing more rapidly, he said, than the supply "of cattle." He told his agricultural friends, that justice to the con sumers, required increased facilities for the admission of food. And having laid down these important truths, he acts in direct opposition to them. He prevents corn from coming freely in which we can get from the " wide area" of the world, but he gra ciously permits cattle to be imported at a high duty, which, he consoles his agricultural friends by assuring them, can only be obtained from very limited spaces, and at such an expense of importation as to preclude them from coming in in any great quantities. The true protection of the horned cattle interest, he as serted over and over again, is to be found in the expense of importing cattle. To meet the exigency of a deficient supply, which he acknowledges, he permits, the importation of cattle, which he says can not be brought in, and he passes a law to keep out corn, which can. He strives, therefore, to keep out the supply of corn, which the course of nature shows can be obtained, and he mocks us by permitting the importation of a supply of cattle, which he knows cannot in the nature of things come in. Justly and properly did Mr. VILLIERS stigmatise this attempt to cheat the people by vague words. It is customary for the Radical or Liberal party to compliment Sir ROBERT PEEL on his good intentions. We heard Mr. HUME, the night before last, say he believed that the Right Hon. Baronet was convinced in his heart of the necessity of giving the people free trade, but he could not carry out his views, because he was obstructed by Hon. Gentlemen behind him. If Sir ROBERT PEEL have an honest and sincere con viction of the necessity of establishing free trade, he could give effect to his conviction to-morrow. He is the master of his party. He has no such conviction. He is a mere expediency politician, with no honest convictions whatever, but with a strong determination to keep in office. If he have such convic tions, it is a disgrace to him not to act on them ; and of the two characters—the not having any such convictions, while he uses certain slang phrases which represent them, and the haviag them and not acting on them—the latter is the more mean, discreditable, and dastardly. By taking, as we think, a more accurate measure of Sir ROBERT PEEL, we exonerate him from the charge implied in the praise of the . Liberals, that he knows what is right, but for the sake of office consents, against his better judgment, to injure the country for behoof of the country gentlemen. When we trace such continual contradictions as we have pointed out, yesterday and to-day, between the opinions of our statesmen, and be tween their language and their • acts ; when we are made sensible, by Mr. KNIGHT'S avowal, that the whole Conservative party are daily acting, as it were, a great and living lie, we have traced quite enough to alarm the country. In all the common affairs of life, truthfulness, faithfulness, and the honest use of words in their common and accepted signification, are essential to success. Chicanery, delusion, and humbug, are univer sally scouted as not only unworthy, but in- jurious. In common life honesty is not only the best, it is the only policy. Can public affairs be carried on successfully on the opposite principle ? Must a Minister have a double tongue ? May he use words only to deceive ? Is he, of all men alive, exonerated from forming clear and definite convic- tions, and honestly expressing them ? We answer, No ; and when we find the affairs of the nation, the great and solemn business of legislation, conducted as at present, on principles directly opposed to the prin ciples that all men acknowledge in private life, we may at once conclude that danger and disgrace are not far off. •V e , 4 - dr: 0.411 PO, el ) • tlg 4.16> 4 • • ~,7 7 l*i% n 1,..qt.1 1) YU' t c ' r'i.,:ir-ArkPft.. ° , - • • • ,•••• 'I , • g*g ,: 71 '= ult. LONDON! WEDNESDAY MORNING, MAY 25, 1842. Mr. VILLIERS deserves the thanks of all classes for his spirited effort last night_ to reduce the duty on cattle to ls. a-head. If the tariff is to be passed by the help of the Liberals, the least they can expect is that it be made worthy of their acceptance. He failed, however, in his well-meant motion, being wholly unsupported, we regret to say, by the Whigs. At the same time, his statements were appalling, and ought to have made statesmen of all parties heartily ashamed, if shame at their continual and repeated failures were not worn out by excessive use. Mr. VIL LIERS stated that criminals imprisoned had increased one-third, or from 20,000, in 1836, to 30,00 0 , in 1840. Since 1837, too, pauperism has increased 25 per cent., and we know that the relief bestowed on the people has not been equal to their extraordinary endurance of privations. In one case, Mr. VILLIERS stated, a man was detected stealing potatoes ; he had an aged mother and two sisters depending on him, and when his dwelling was examined there was a pot , on the fire, which contained a dead dog, boiling for the food of the family. We believe that is only a specimen of the hardships and miseries to which the population are, in many cases, reduced ; nevertheless, our rulers will give them no relief ; th e y withholding food from them, which might be obtained in abundance, both in the 'United States and on t he continent of Europe ; and for this surpassing cruelty they will yet have to answer. insist, in fact , in The language used by some of the speakers on Mr. MILES'S motion was singularly instructive. The motion itself, to levy a duty by weight on all live stock imported for food, was a practical absurdity. Let the reader suppose the Legislature to impose on the importing merchant the duty of weighing every kicking bullock, every struggling and squeaking pig, every frightened sheep of the many million head of these various kinds of cattle vvhich the Squires assert will be imported, and he will at once see that none of the tasks imposed on Ihatcumis equals that which Farmer MILES would impose on the importers of cattle. Such a ridiculous motion was, fortunately for the reputation of the House, crushed by a large majority. It is worthy of no further n otice, except as an index to the foolish things legislating Squires can concoct and attempt. Amongst the sayings worthy of being commemo rated, we must place first that of Mr. GALLY KNIGHT, erewhile, we believe, a soi disci& Liberal, and corre spondent of the . Examiner. this gentleman, with more sincerity than generally belongs to his party, avowed that what they opposed, when they voted against the labe Ministers on the Sugar question, was not free trade, but Radicalism and extreme doctrines. These, he said, were what the Conservative party were afraid of, not free trade. We did not expect to have so soon an avowal that the real source of the neces sity of Sir ROBERT PEEL for t he To ry party, as we stated on Monday, is their dread of the p eo pl e . Mr. GALLY KNIGHT, however , a dmits it ; s o our boasting Conservatives of freedom already submit to a di c t a t or from their dread of th e un p ro p ertied masses. We but this is an unexpect ed acknowle know that the Chartists a re growing in strength ; dgment of their ereme power. of such Pa r li amentary The immorality, how ever, conduct, is especially worthy of notice. ATr. ~ .....ALLY KNIGHT avows that he votes against allowing the people to haVe cheap sugar, and cheap bread, though he is convinced that they are advantageous to the pub,. lie, in order to stave off political improvements. He speaks, too, not for himself only, but for the whole Conservative party.' They are doing, then, every day that very thing for which Mr. HUMS was so long re prehended by the Tory press, voting black is white. They are far worse, however, than Mr. Hum E , for he wished by his vote to save the commonalty ; the Conser vatives, on the contrary, avow that they wish to oppress And impoverish the people. Such open political pro fligacy surpasses in turpitude . all the disclosures of Election Committees, an d indicates that the Legis lature is completely demoralized. • The folly of this proceeding is equal to its guilt. Mr. GALLY KNIGHT hates change, and wishes to avoid it, and he votes for a measure which makes the injustice which provokes a change more glaring 'and insulting. He sees an old building crumbling to pieces by its own weight, and he adds to its top heaviness to make it last the longer. A system is loudly censured for its oppression, and he makes it more odious, in order to ensure its continuance. Par liamentary errors are provoking a re'volutiOn, and .he wilfully multiplies them, adding to the general irritation which exists, in order to put a stop to change. If we may take. Mr. KNIGHT as a type of his party, we must conclude that they are already overtaken by that COURT CIRCULAR. - - - Yesterday the anniversary of the Queen's atal day was celebrated at Claremont. The band of the Coldst eam Guards, attended at an early hour in the morning in front of the man sion, and performed, the following pieces as a serenade; — Morning Hymn—" God of Israel" (Joseph), by Mehul ; German Air, composed by his Royal Highness Prince Albert; Echo Chorus (Preciosa), Weber; "Merry Belle," " Rule Britannia ;" " God Save the Queen.' Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent arrived to break fust, before nine o'clock, from town. Her Majesty and Prince Albert, the Duchess of Kent, and the Counts. Mensdorf, afterwards walked in the grounds. The Hon. Charles Augustus Murray arrived in the forenoon, and Lady Caroline Cocks, and the Hon. Miss Devereux, in the afternoon. Her Majesty had a dinner-party in the afternoon. The company consisted of her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, his Excellency Count Mensdorf, Count Hugh Men.dorf, Count Alphonso Mensdorf, Count Alexander Mensdorf, Count Arthur Mensdorf, Lady Portman, Lady Anna Maria Dawson, Hon. Miss Liddell, Hon. Miss Paget, Lady Caroline Ckcks, Hon. Miss Devereux, Baroness Lehzen, Earl of Liverpool, Earl Delawarr, Earl of Jersey, Marquis of Exeter, Colonel and the Hon. Mrs. Arbuthnot, Sir Robert and Lady Gardiner, two Misses Gardiner, Sir George Coupar, Bart., Mr. George Edward Anson, Captain Francis Seymour (Scots Fusilier Guards), the Marquis of Ormoude, Hon. C. A. Murray, Captain Duncombe, and Colonel Wylde. The Band of the Coldstrearri Guards attended during dinner. Her Majesty's private band attended in the evening. • A very tine trout, caught in the Weir at Windsor, and weighing upwards of twelve pounds, was forwarded as a pre sent to the Queen yesterday forenoon, at Claremout, by ;gr. R. Tebbutt. His Royal Highness Prince Albert inspected last week, at Buckingham Palace, two splendid pictures, 'by Leonardi da Vinci and Correggio, submitted by Mr. John Gibson, and was pleased to express himself highly gratified. THE SEASON AND THE CROPS.—The abundant and most seasonable rain of the last and the present week have clothed the whole country With beauty and richness, and give reason to hope that the present year will be one of great plenty for man and beast. The country never ilooked more lovely or more promising at this season. The spring crops of every kind have been got into the ground early, and from the high condition of the soil, and the seasonable supply of moisture, they have germinated immediately, and are now springing up with the greatest luxuriance. The rain has come precisely at the right time, that is, not too early for the cleaning of the land, and yet in sufficient time for the nourishing of vegetation. and there is at present every :prospect of one of those delightful s' old-fashioned" seasons, in which abundant showers early in the months of May and June gave vigour to the growing crops, and freed the clouds from any excess of moisture before the time for the ripening of the harvest. Such a season would do more for the revival of trade than all that the wisdom of man can devise, as it would give all classes food at reasonable prices, and would leave something to spend on the comforts of life, after its necessities had been supplied, which has not been the case for a considerable time. The present seasonable weather has already' covered the meadows and pastures with abundance of herbage ; it is bringing the potatoe and turnip crops rapidly through the most ei itical part of their growth ; it has caused the oats and barley to spring up with unexampled luxuriance ; it has im proved the colour and encouraged the growth of the wheat wonderfully, and has covered the fruit trees with the promise of abundance. It is years since the face of the country has been so verdant at this season, or the whole aspect of nature so delightf u l either to the eye or the mind.—Liverpool Times. PRICE or WHEAT.—Corn is rising in price. The speculators hold back the grain now in bond. The food of the people is, in fact, as much as ever the subject of gam bling operations. We ask only for another fortnight's expe rience of the working of the new scale to: prove to the most sceptical the truth of what we always asserted, viz., that the present law is an insult and a mockery of a suffering people. To our readers we say, in the meantime, oblige us by watching the weekly averages.—Liverpool Chronicle. • LITERATURE. LIFE OF ADMIRAL VISCOUNT KEPPEL. Vols. Colbzwn, London, 1842. To the friends and connections of the Keppe family, this biographical account of one of their ancestors will prove interesting enough ; but the public generally will, we apprehend, care little about it, for as a naval commander Viscount Keppel was by no means distinguished . for any very remarkable abilities —notwithstanding the splendid panegyric on him which Burke has left on record, in his celebrated "Letter to Two Noble Lords,"—and as for his once notorious squabble with Sir Hugh Palliser, it - has long since been forgotten, together with many of the other party strifes of the day. But, besides its want of general interest as a biography, this work is stuffed full of official documents which, whatever may be their importance in the eyes of professional men; have, as regards the public, no more value than a Turnpike Act, and are Just bout as entertaining. The subject of the. Memoir, who was descended from an illus trious Dutch family that came over to England in the train of Wiliam the Third, was the second son of the second Earl of Albemarle, and was born in the year 1725. At the early age of ten he quitted West minster School, to enter as midshipman on bo9.rd the Oxford frigate, and passed three years in the Medi terranean, during which period he applied to his pro fessional studies with uncommon zeal and as siduity. In 17.40 be was appointed to the Centurion, commanded by Commodore, afterwards Lord, Anson, which was destined, with its accompanying squadron, for a secret expedition against the Spanish settlements on the western coast of America. The young mid shipman thui shared in the hardships and dangers of that celebrated voyage, " which for its inauspicious commencement," observes the biographer, " its strange, protracted diasters, and its final success, is perhaps without a parallel in the annals of any coUntrY," On his return from this memorable ex pedition, Keppel, after duly passing through the in tervening grades , was in 1745 appointed Post-Cap tain, and a d va nced to the command of the Sapphire, a frigate of f orty g i;_ns, in which he made several successful cruizes. In tlit lowing year he received his commission for the Maidstone, a ship of fifty guns, which was unfortunately wide:zed off the Isle of Nounnontier, and its commander and crew sent prisoners to Nantes, in Brittany ; at the expiration of five weeks, however, the former returned to Eng land on his parole, where he was tried by a court martial for the loss of his ship, and acquitted, and soon afterwards appointed to the Anson. In 1749 Keppel was entrusted with a diplomatic mission to the States of Barbary, and promoted to the chief command in the Mediterranean, with the rank of Commodore, The same year he sailed with his squadron to Algiers, and had an interview with the Dey, who—we quote the biographer's words— " Surprised at the boldness of his remonstrances, and enraged at his demand for justice, and despising also his apparent youth, for he was then only four-and-twenty, exclaimed that he wondered at the insolence of the King of Great Britain, in. sending him an insignificant, beardless boy. On this the youthful, but spirited Com modore replied, ' Had my master supposed that wisdom was measured by the length of the beard, he would have sent your Deyship a he-goat' The tyrant, unused to I such language from the sycophants of his own Court, was so enraged that he ordered his mutes to advance. ith the bow-string, at the same time telling the Commodore that he should pay for his audacity with his life. The Commodore listened to this menace with the utmost calmness ; and being near to a window which looked Out upon the bay, directed the attention of the African Chief to the squadron there at anchor, telling him that if it was his pleasure to put him to death, there were Englishmen enough on board to make him a glorious fu neral pile. The Dey cooled a little at this hint, and was wise enough to permit the Commodore to depart in safety I" About the time that the unfortunate Admiral Byng was appointed to the Anditerranean fleet, Keppel was dispatched there with a squadron, and captured three French ships off Cape Finisterre. In 1757, while en gaged on a detached cruise, with the Medway, he had the good luck to take a rich prize laden with provi sions and stores for Louisbourg. He afterwards, in 1762, assisted at the capture of the Havannah, and took a fleet of West Indiamen, in consequence of which he was promoted to the rank of Rear-Admiral. His next appointment was to the Command-in-Chief 'of the Channel Fleet, which is rendered memorable by nothing but his quarrel with Sir Hugh Pal liser, whom he accused of disobeying signals, when the English ships, were engaged in chasing the French, and. bringing them to action off Brest. The dispute between these two Commanders_ occasioned consider able ferment at the time, and the result was, the trial of Admiral Keppel by a Court-martial at Ports mouth, and his triumphant acquittal. Shortly afterwards he struck his flag, and in 1782, was promoted to . the peerage by the title of Viscount Keppel and 'Baron Elden, and appointed First Lord of the Admiralty, during the • Rockingham Admi nistration. Aft' & the breaking up of the famous CoilitiOn Ministry, he withdrew entirely from public life, and died in 1786, in the sixty-third year of his age. In politics Viscount Keppel was a staunch Whig, and being possessed of many amiable qualities." was warmly loved by his friends, and generally popu-• lar with - the country. We subjoin a sketch of his character; as drawn by his biographer, the Hou. and. Rev. Thomas Keppel:— " The epithet little' fondly given by the sailors to Kenpel, denotes him to have been low of stature. In Wis early manhood, a blow received from the butt- en d o f . pistol, in a scuffle with foot-pads, fractured the bridge : his nose. His face, by this accident, was seriously : Lai I permanently disfigures; yet the fascination of his an l ac, and the lively and benevolent expression of his eyes, re deemed the countenance from extreme plainness. the hereditary charm.' of his demeanour has been ni en tioned already. It combined a professional honesty and frankness with the ease and simplicity . of address wh if not altogether acquired, are certainly confirmed end perfected' by intercourse with the best society. Elis popularity with all classes appeared not only at his ti ial, but in the esteem with which both those under whom .h served, and those whom he commanded at all times re, 'garded him ; in the zealous affection of his friends, and in the enforced respect of his political opponents. " The political opinions of Keppel were inherited from ancestors who for centuries had been citizens of a free state, and whose descendants shared in our own revolut— don of 1688. Reason. and experience confirmed theses sentiments in him ;and he was, throughout his life, the% steady and fearless supporter of civil and religious fret —4 dom, even when au opposite course, or neutrality alon' would have smoo'zhed and accelerated his profession al advancemeat. His darling object was, active emplo; ment; yet, when required to s e r v e a g a i ns t hi s unrepr , sented Bret hren on the opposite shores of the Atlanti. Keppel cce irted neglect and misrepresentation rathe rt than lend his services to a cause which his feelings and_ his principles equally disapproved." POEMS CHIEFLY OF EARLY AND LATE YEARS. By 11'. IVOBD S WORTH. Moxon, London, 1842. To calm an d contemplative natures, such as love to speculate on humanity in a philosophic spirit, keeping aloof from the stir and turmoil of the crowd, the poems of Wordsworth will afford a never-failing source of deligLt, for none are better calculated to nourish, quicken, and open up new veins of thought; none are more fully informed with sentiment, or sug gest more striking and original reflections on the homely, familiar co mmon-places of life. But to readers of a shrewd, knowing, worldly turn of mind they will afford little satisfaction. Such people, who aro necessarily more conversant with the material, than the spiritual, part of our common nature ; whose tastes and habits prevent them from going out of themselves, as it were, or thinking deeply on any subjects but such as appeal to their own self-interests, or lie in their ordi nary course of study, will be sure to misinterpret the spirit of Wordsworth's poetry; to discover nothing but insipidity in his repose, and nothing but weak ness in his strength, because that strength is unac companied by the spasm and convulsion which they have been accustomed to regard as energy. Mr. Wordsworth, who is strict even to austerity in his poetic notions, sternly rejects all the trickery of his art; he deals in no sounding common-places on popular themes ; avoids everything in the shape of tawdry, rhetorical diction ; is sparing of imagery ; and so careful, and even fastidious, in the choice of epithets, as to select n one but such as shall tend di rectly to throw light upon the thought which he wishes to develope. Thus in describing the aspect of the clouds at sunset, when a storm is passing off, which gives him the idea of magnificent castles and palaces piled up confusedly in air, he speaks of their restless battlements," which, it will be observed, is the epithet of all others best fitted to convey the notion of the quick shiftings and chang ings of !.the clouds. Again, in his sonnet written at Abbotsford on a summer evening, when Sir Walter Scott's death was hourly expected, he alludes to " the setting sun's pathetic light"—an expression exquisitely beautiful and appropriate, and which we admire the more, because we entertain a notion, amounting to all the force of a moral conviction, that it is beyond Mr. Wakley's comprehension. Those who desire to get an insight into the true character of Wordsworth's genius, twill do well to peruse with attention Mr. Sergeant Talfourd's masterly essay on the subject, which appeared some years since in the New Monthly Magazine, and has lately, together with his othex prose criticisms, been republished in America, as we see by the New York journals. This essay, which is of a searching, analytical nature, and blends sound judg ment with vigorous eloquence in a very high degree, may be fairly said to exhaust the subject, and has materially assisted to extend that admiration of IVordsworth's poetry which is now so general both here and in the United States. But it is time to turn to the volume before us. This consists of poems written chiefly in the author's early youth and his declining age ; but what principally in duces us to notice it is, that it contains a formal five act tragedy. A tragedy from the pen of William Wordsworth! We should as soon have expected to have seen one from the lien of Mr. Macaulay, the Reviewer ! Yet, strange to say, the " Borderers," though proceeeding from one of the most meditative and philosophic minds of the age, is by no means defi cient in passion, and exhibits occasionally such nice dramatic touches as are surpassed by no living drama tist. Its great defect is its construction, which is uniformly feeble, and violates probability at every step. Men come and go without a why or a wherefore; incidents are strung together for no conceivable purpose ; and the most formal preparations are made for catastrophes that never arrive. 'We quote a portion of one of the most im pressive scenes, in justification of our assertion, that the author occasionally exhibits true dramatic tact and feeling. Marmaduke, a Scottish border chieftain, has, it seems, undertaken to murder a blind old Eng lish baron, who has lately returned in disguise from the Holy Land, and who, having been long supposed dead, has lost his patrimony, which has passed into the hands of others. The reasons of Marmaduke's hatred to the Baron Herbert are, first, that he con ceives him to be an impostor; and secondly, that he is led to believe, by the artful suggestions of an other borderer, _ Oswald, that he is desirous to sell his daughter Idonea—with whom Marma sluke is in love—to a profligate English noble man, Lord Clifford. Impressed with this twofold belief, the young man decoys the old Baron, who is travelling about the country with his daughter, in the disguise of a mendicant, into the dungeon of a half ruined castle, under the pretext of furnishing him with shelter for the night ; and when he is asleep, he enters the cell in order to perpetrate the act of assassi nation, but is so struck with the old man's resemblance to his child, Idonea, that he cannot find it in his heart to become 'his murderer. He therefore rushes out again, the deed uncompleted, when the following dia logue takes place between him and his insidious tempter, _Oswald:— MARDIAMIKE re-enters from the dungeon. OSWALD. It is all over then ;—your foolish fears Are hushed to sleep, by your own act and deed, Made quiet as he is. NARMADUIEE. Why came you down ? And when I felt your hand upon my. arm And spake to you, why ; did you give no answer ? Feared you to waken him ? he must have been In a deep sleep. I whispered to him thrice. There are the strangest echoes in that place! oswALD. Tut ! let them gabble till the day of doom. m AR MADUIIt. Scarcely, by gropirT . , had I reached th© Spot, Wheal round my wrist I felt a cord drawn tight, As if the blind Man's dog were pulling at it. os wALP. But after that? MARMADUKE. The features of Idonea Lurked in his face- OSWALD. Psha ! Never to these eyes Will retribution show itself again With aspect so inviting. Why forbid me 'r hare your triumph ? MARMADUKE. Yes, her vcry looks, Smiling in sleep- OSWALD. A pretty feat of Fancy ! KARDIADUKE. Though but a glimpse, it sent me to my prayers. OSWALD. Is he alive ? 31A1131ADIIKE. What mean you .? who alive ? OSWALD. Herbert ! since you will have it, Baron Herbert ; He who will gain his Seignory when Idonea Hath become Clifford's harlot—is he living ? NAAMADURE. • The old Man in that dungeon is alive. OSWALD. Henceforth, then, will I never in camp sr field Obey you more. Your weakness, to the Band, Shall be proclaimed : brave Men, they all shall hear it. You a protector of humanity ! Avenger you of outraged innocence ! MARMADUKE. 'Twas dark—dark as the grave ; yet did I see, Saw him—his face turned toward me ; and I tell thee Idonea's filial countenance was there To baffle me—it put me to my prayers. Upwards 1 cast my eyes, and, through a crevice,' Beheld a star twinkling above my head, And, by the living God, I could not do it. The abrupt allusions to the " strange echos" in the dungeon, and to the smiling features of the daughter, as seen in her sleeping father—a trait of nature, by the bye, suggested by Shakspeare's Lady Macbeth— the incident of the c onscience-smitten Marmaduke being suddenly sent to • his prayers, at the very mo ment when he was meditating his crime, by the mo mentary glimpse of a single star shining in through the crevice ; and above all, the disturbed, soliloquizing tone which he is made to preserve throughout the dia logue ;—these, we think, are touches of feeling essen tially dramatic, and such as we should never have ex pe_ted to have met with in any production of Mr . Wordsworth. But there is no speculating on the works of men of genius, who seem to take a perveree pleasure in upsetting the theories, and baffii ng sagacity, of us poor purblind critics. THE RIGHT OF SEARCH. REPLY to an ..4MERICAR4` EXAATINATION 'of the RIGHT of SEARCH, 6-c. By AN ENG LISHMAN. This pamphlet is an analytical review • andrefut atio n of the pa m phl e t o f G enera l C ass , an d is a re 7 bulky production. N o t h av i ng seen G e neral Cass s work, we cannot say how far the writer is successful , . W e are willing on his auth or ity t o b e lie v e that General 'Cass is vain, pr esum pt uous , ill og i ca l, threatening, and unfair. We know, as he tells us, that the .A.mericans are at once republicans and slave-holders, arrd, there fore, dreadfully inconsistent: and unjust ; but we are so stupid that we canno t see any connection between the misbehaviour of General Cass and the Americans, and our claim to visit American ships. We cannot con cede the positi on assumed b y this writer, amd main tained throughout his book. He assumes and asserts, because Governments and all honest men are ready to put down piracy, that, th ere f ore , a ll mar i t i me states have a right to visit by theircruizers every ship at sea, in order to ascertain that she is not a pirate, ex,s-ratia. " A man of war cannot in a foreign port, or within a certain distance of a foreign coast, board or seize a mer chant vessel, being within territorial jurisdiction, not so upon the ocean. The m . an -ot-war, by bearing th e com missioned o ffi cers of a c i vi lized power, has the right, for the security of the navigation of its own country, as men •as that of all other nations, to prevent maritime free booters from carrying on a war on the great highways of the world.." If the writer only means that King's vessels m a y put down pirates, so may merchant-vessels, if the piracy be distinctly proved, and the merchant -vessel can master the pirate. If the writer mean, as the general tenor of his observations imply, that a man-of-war has the right to board or seize a merchant vessel when not within territorial jurisdiction, to ascertain her true character, he seems to us in error. We agree with General Cass, that a ship is part of the territory to which she belongs—a doctrine which :England maintains, and bad will it be for Eng ' land when she gives it up, for she now allows none to insult and injure her merchant-vessels. France has promised to concede to England the !light of search within certain limits, but she would mot allow England to stop and examine every French t -vessel that may be passing between Bourdeaux and iisbon, to ascertain that they were bona fide French 'vessels. Would England allow France to visit by flier cruisers every English vessel passing between ,':lreland and England, and make her prove that she -was an English coaster? Certainly not. The sup position is absurd. And why, then, should America, .or any other state, tolerate our Government, or any other Government, in visiting ships at sea on pretence G f seeing whether they be real American ships or not ? Whenever piracy is practised all people will unite tc chase down the pirate, but Governments must wait till piracy be practised before they overhaul vessels to make them prove that they are not pirates. Eves when piracy has been practised, it is more the busi of one Government than another to put an end to it. :piracy was not long ago committed in the Gulf of .Mexico, the United States Government properly took am active part in suppressing it. In like manner were piracy to be committed on the coast of England or coast of France, it would be more especially the business of these Governments to bring the pirate to justice. No Government has ever practised the right of visiting every ship, in order to ascertain whether she be a pirate or a true vessel, and it is only, we affirm, when and where piracy prevails that such a right, or rather such a duty, is required. Our author's principle, and it is worth notice, be because it is the claim of the Government, would lead to endless mischief. How is the captain .f a merchant-vessel to distinguish a true man of war from a true pirate ? We know of no means, for there are many small men of war, the shape of which a pirate might assume to suit his purpose. He could not well get a ship to look like a seventy-four, but he might get plenty of cutters, schooners, and brigs to look like those of her Majesty. If it were once allowed that men of war might stop all vessels to make them prove their nationality, under that cover much abuse and much piracy itself would be practised. During war, which always serves as a cover for out rages, more ,piracy is 'always carried on than during peace. Then, in spite of convoys, merchant-ships are stopped and plundered, Such would be the case in peace ; the pirates would assume the character of ships of war, were the maratime states once to esta blish a police of the sea. We need not go to Spain and Gil alas to be convinced that thieves plunder in safety, by assuming the garb of officers of justice. Whether the writer refute General Cass or not we are unable to judge ; but if he refute the General, both must be wrong, for a more untenable position than this writer has taken up it is not easy to find. A NEW FRENCH AND ENGLISH LEXICON. Baily, London, 1842. The compiler of this copious and well-considered work, is M. de la Voye, Professor of French Litera ture at the East India Company's Military College at Addiscombe. He has, we understand, spent many years in the compilation of his Lexicon, and his time and labour have not been thrown away, for he has succeeded in producing a work upon a most ingeni ous, and practically useful plan, comprising, besides the usual number of words found in the best diction aries extant, an extensive addition of commercial, nautical, military, and other terms, together with the novel introduction of the singular and plural persons of every tense and mood, belonging to all the regular and irregular verbs in the French language. Abbre viations, elisions, contractions, and combinations have also been explained in their respective alphabitical place's.. For schools ' this work is specially useful, inasmuch as it curtails, by one-half at least, the labours of teachers and pupils, and contains more general in formation and more words, by many thousands, than in any dictionary of the size ever published. We have examined it with some attention, and have been struck with the exceeding care and pains-taking that are manifest in every page ; not only are the words given ' with all their various significations , as w e fi n d them both in prose and poetry ; but all the popular idiomatic expressions are also explained, so that the labour of the French student is very considerably abridged. Such a valuable and laborious compilation has only to become generally known to be as generally appreciated. ELEMENTS OF ASTRONOMY. By Hugo Reid, Lecturer on Natural Philosophy. Simpkin, Marshall, and Co. This little work, which is illustrated with fifty-six engravings on wood, is well adapted for beginners in this interesting and useful science. It gives an ample outline of the phenomena connected with the fixed stars and the solar system, including, of course, de scriptions of the sun, planets, satellites, and comets, the seasons, trade-winds and tides, eclipses, &c. The language is simple and intelligible, and well calculated to convey to the youthful mind suitable impressions of the great works of creation. The following brief extract from the chapter on fixed stars will give an idea of the manner in which Mr. Reid has carried out the plan :—" There are about 20 stars reckoned of the first magnitude, eleven_ of which are visible in Great Britain. Sirius, the dog-star, :is the brightest of the stars of this class ; there are sixty of the second magnitude, and about 21,000 including those of the seventh magnitude. Altogether there are myriads, infinitely more than can be reckoned. The milky-way is composed of innumer able stars, whose average number is about the eleventh magnitude, and whose joint light is separated only by powerful telescopes. Every increase of the powers of the telescope brings new stars into view, and as their distances are so great, it is possible there may be myriads so remote from our system, that their light has never reached the earth, while others whose light still reaches us, may have been long since extinguished. At the con clusion of the work the author has given short biographical notices of the principal astronomers, from Thales, who lived 600 D. c., down to Sir 'William Herschel. The present view of the solar system was first promulgated by Pythagoras, who flourished 500 years before the Christian era ; but this opinion was not generally entertained, and afterwards the popular notion pre vailed that the sun, planets, and stars revolved daily around the earth, till the restoration of the true sys tem by Copernicus, the celebrated Polish astronomer. THE QUEEN'S LETTER.—We have seen three testi monials to the fact of the Queen's Letter, begging for the people, being read in church on Sunday last. The affair has gone off so quietly that we should presume it has been a failure, did we not know that the charity of the clergy and of the wealthy landords is so unostenta tious, that they do not allow their left hand to know what their right hand has bestowed on the poor. In the House of Lords, last night, Lord Kinnard very properly called this a begging letter, which we are afraid will de grade the people into paupers, without giving them relief. FATAL CART ACCIDENT. —An inquest was held yesterday, at the Bull and Pump, High - street, Shoreditch, be fore Mr. Baker, on the body of Charles Mason, aged 17 months, the son of Mrs. Mason, milliner, of N o . 93. Holy well-street. It appeared in evidence that, on the afternoon of Friday last, the deceased, in the care of a girl about fourteen years of age, was walking along the kerb-stone in Cock-lane, Shoreditch, when a cart, laden with goods, approached them. Before it could p ass it was necessar y for the driver to take the cart close to the foot pavement, and at the moment that he did so, the deceased fell in front of the wheel. The driver was un aware of the accident until the wheel had completely crushed the child's head against the ground. The witnesses said that the (Myer was not to blame. Deceased 'bed upon the spot. Verdict, " Accidental Death." During the past Iveek, parties have been very busy in passing spurious coin in the neighbourhood of Coggeshall Mr. Terry, of the Chapel Inn, had four half-crowns thrust upon him. The utterers, taking advantage of the fair, had an easy opportunity of effecting their purpose, by tendering the money to servants employed on the occasion. A clue h as been obtained, and, it is hoped the parties will be brought to justice. —Essex Herald. The Diario di Roma announces that his Majesty the King of the French has been elected an honorary Member of the Tiherine Academy of SCitilftil and Belles Lewes. THE INDIA SUN CONTAINING A MAP AND FULL ACCOUNT OF AFFGHANISTAN AND THE THEATRE OF WAR IN INDIA, WITH ALL THE LATEST NEWS FROM INDIA AND CHINA, IS NOW READY. I ■