The Sun. — London, England, 1824-12-27 00:00:00

of the principal offenders, made at a time when there could be no reason to doubt their sincerity, that they had been led to believe his Majesty had made them free,--a delusion which even his Majesty's Royal Proclamation, containing the most distinct and positive assurance to the contrary; seems not to have removed. Deeply as these events are to be lamented, it is a consolation to reflect, that the great mass of the slave population has . continued to preserve that peaceable and or derly demeanour, to which I have so often borne testi- Many. I have received instructions from his Majesty's Go vernment, containing some propositions for the improve ment of the condition of the Slave population which I shall make the subject of an early communication to you. " I am also to acquaiiit you that his Majesty has pleased to appoint a Bishop for this Island to whom is to be entrusted the controul of the Clergy of the Church of England. " The Lords Commissioners of his Majesty's Treasury have had under consideration the heavy charges to which the navi- Ration and commerce of the United Kingdom are subject in lice Majesty's Colonies, with a view of reducing as much as possible all such charges, and I expect to have it in my power to communicate to you more conclusive information on this subject in the course of the present month." (Frain the Courant of the 91 1 4 Nov.) The following was received by Express yesterday from the North side :—We have this moment received the pleasing in telligence, that a skirmish has taken place between the Militia and the Maroon and runaways, and that two of the latterhave been killed, one of them supposed to be their Chief; their town ship consisted of 15 comfortable houses. Pram the Courant of Nov. 4.) Extract of a letter dated Chagres, 18th ult. • The victory obtained by the Republican arms, on the 6th Srdt. in the plains of Junin, has caused the liberation of six pro vi•:es, Tama, Jauja, Pampa, Iluancavelua, Manta, and Ilaamanga, from the Spanish yoke. On the 6th inst. fourteen v=isels, one of war, arrived at Panama from Guayaquil, to 1 , , - ,ripest part of the 5,000 men ; the same day they re-sailed far Guayaquil. The greatest part of Peru is in our pos session.' The Duke of YORK attended Divine Service 'y.6o.erd ay , at the Chapel Royal, St. Ja MP S'S Pa lace.—The Duches4 of KENT attended Divine Service at the Royal German Chapel, on Satur- IlaY, being Christmas Day, and heard 'a Sermon by the Itev. Dr. Kur17.11. - Mr. Secretary CANNING %Vas not so well on Sa turday„ hut was much better yesterday ; the - Right Honourable Gentleman was visited on Sa. turday and yesterday by Dr. Ilot.t.ANn. The CHANCELLOR of the Excitzgumt left town on Thur.day, on a visit to Lord GRENVILLE, at his seat at Dropmore, and returned to town on Saturday. In the evening, the Right Honour able Gentleman left his residence in Downing street, for East Comb, the seat of Lady Bum- Mr. FcxNEssy, the King's Messenger, arrived at the Foreign Office, Downing-street, on Fri day, with dispatches dated up to the 2241 instant, from Lord GRANVILL r., the British Ambassador at Paris. Mr. F. came by the way of I3oulogne. The Plover packet, arrived from Buenos A yres, sailed on the 20th October and brings advises from Valparaiso of -the 13th September. The A • Ingfisher packet arrived at Buenos Ayres the ` 2l st of October, from Falmouth, and was to sail the 2d of November on her return. By the Lord Melville packet, letters from Rio le Janeiro to the 3d of November were received on Satur. aY• They contain no political intelligence. It had been tletermi ne d b y t h e G overnm ent to draw on England mouthy to th e amount of 50,0001., on account of the loan contracted her e ,• until the Whole sum due to the Government from the con tractors was rece i ve d. The B a nk of Rio,however, through whom 11F transaction was to be effected, could not succeed in thawing Vs to the required amount in time for the present packet. — kher e would, therefore, remain 100,0001. in bills, to he drawn on the sailing of the next. The attempt had had the effect of raisin g the exchange from 47 to 43. It would appear, from a le -tier written by a respectable merchant at Rio, that the Brazi lian naval service does not offer much attraction to the English officer*. In answer to an application from a friend to be ad flitted to serve his Imperial Majesty, he says, " Certainly, the situation of it foreign officer in the Navy is not at all enviable : from the intrigues which have for some time been going little a l ;ainst the officers already employed , I have 1 .. 1!.1e . doubt but in a short time their situations will become so "Plasma that the greater number of them wil give up the service." Quebec Gazettes have arrived to the I gth of November. They state that the Indian tribes 111 the vicinity of the Red River had made a fie fieral attack upon the settlement of the Hudson's day Company, which sustained some loss, but that it had succeeded in repulsing the assailants. We are happy to state that Lady NUGENT iS to far recovered from her severe indisposition as to he considered out of danger. The Lord Bishop of CHICHESTER left the 'i'lseepal P a l ace on Friday, to spend the Christmas with Ja mes Martin Lloyd, Esq. at Upper Lancing. chr ?l? Thursday a convert to the principle s of t C h urch, Publicly r enounced the errors of Judaism , a t St. Maurice. iurch, Winchester, and underwent the ceremony of baptism. At a Meeting of the Corporation of Chichester, (,r.:,'l`hursday, Comper, Esq. the Mayor , appointe d Mr. " thou, the Collector, and Mr. lt. Roper, as his Burgesses. CAThomc JUBILEE.—The Pope, Leo XII. , has issued a 44 B u ll o f Infliction," appointing the year 11125 a Year of jubilee for the whole of the Catholic Church, and in viting the faithful sons of the church to make a pilgrimage to "° ll lO. The following is an extract:—" We proclaim and V!lyish ,. the Universal and Great Jubilee to commence in this oPY our(itya the first vespers of the next eve of the Nativity _ l 4 most filly Saviour, Jesus Christ,!and to continue through the whole of the year 1825. During this year of j u bilee, we c ul o er l cifully in the Lord grant anti impart the most plenary and n plete indulgence, remission, and pardon of all their sins, to till faithful" the in Christ, of both sexes, who are truly penitent and have confessed, and who have likewise refreshed themselves With the Holy Communion ; provided (if Romans or inhabi tants l of the city) they shall have d evout ly visited these churches of the city—that of t h e bl ess ed Peter and Paul, of St. John Lateran, and th at o f St. Mary Major, at least once a .I_alr for thirty days, whether success i ve or lintopohdesl inter -It4lfront , natural or even ecclesiasti ca l, to b e com puted from th e a first Yellers one day, to the comp ete evening twilight of th e s • day ' time( in, ; but, it they be foreigners, or in any re strangers, th •ey must have visited these churches at least 18 days, as already described; provided also, that they shall Me -poured forth pious prayers to God for the exaltation of the ult Church, the extirpation of heresies, the concord of Cathy rinses, and the salvation and tranquillity (Christhini P• pith) of Christendom. Et. or ., 'b een • nei g hbourhood of udlow has la tely o_pernheE scene of considerab o le agitation, o L ccasioned by the ent of a young Lady, possessing considerable personal 11 , 8, with a Gallant Son of Mars, who has been some s rustic a tin g to recover t h e e ff ec ts of a West India cam. an'The fugitives, notwithstanding every exertion of horses rive post boys, were quickly nirsued, and overtaken by a rela of the • e I h ay: air one. All attempts of persuasion to return home ing been fruitlessly employed, recourse was had to the Po -4,14 we ven tinder these circumstances the Lady continued firm, to to arethe given to understand, they proceeded on their excur ef __ at north. The young Lady's parents remain in a state gJevreasnexiety and distress, owing to circumstances, which 7;•_, present are prevented from alluding to. thJ_lttoirroN, D EC. '2s.—We understand that 20 ',Rroperty of the late Miss Mitchell, of Chichester, nearly 4 .4u00/• is likely Cal inte to cause a Chancery suit, from her having st ate ttte secon d ; the claimants being no nearer than cousins of _ nil and third generation, one of whom married a person ti F name of Hammond, in that city, in a very humble situa tionul Pro Posals have been in Edinburgh o. _ issued for f ormation of a Scottish Union Banking Cons- Pan with a capital of two millions. at ma Y be of use to inform persons who may 'so to proceed to Van Diernen'S Land or New • tie w th ales, that Government intend only to encouragement le ax,ement to those who have a capital of least 500 ta that /. to employ in the cultivation of land t Colony on their arrival. There are no ee p a ssages ls granted, and respectable references character in this country are also required. THE KING. Nirixoson, DEC. 2A--Yesterdav and this morning . his MAJr.sTY, accompanied by his suite, beard Divine Service performed in the dining-room at the Royal Lodge, by the Dean of Salisbury,—the Reverend Mr. Sumner, his Majesty's Chaplain, having gone upon a tour to Italy. —This da y his Majesty took an airing for nearly three hours, in the Great Park.—Vesterday, the weather tieing unfavourable, his Ma jesty did not pay his intended visit to the Castle. In the even ing the King entertained a select party at dinner, amongst whom were—his Royal Highness the Duke of York, Lord St. Helens, Sir A. and Lady Stanhope , &c. His Royal High ness left after dinner for London.—Her Royal Highness the Princess Augusta had Divine Service performed yesterday and this day at Frogmore. FASHIONABLES IN IRELAND. The Grand Ball for the Black-rock Ladies' Association, took place on Friday se'nnight, at the Commercial-huildings, Cork, and there has seldom been seen in that city an assembly more numerously and brilliantly attended. Quadrilles and waltzes were played by the band of the City of Cork Militia, assisted by that of the 15th Hussars. It was attended by upwards of 259 Fashionables of the City of Cork and its neighbourhood, among whom we distinguished the following:—Admiral Lord and lady Colville, Sir John and Lady Lambert, lion. Mrs. Beamish, Sir WTm. and Lady Chatterton, the Dowager lady and Miss Chatterton, Sir Anthony and Lady Perrier, and Miss Perrier; 31estiames T. St. Lawrence, Travers, Newenham, (of Cooln Dunsteiville, Crawtbrd, Lewis, Pitcairn, Eor ster, &c. ; three hisses Cuthbert, three !kidders, Beresford, Pitcairn, Lewis, Smithwick, Stubbeman, Nagle, two Roches, Donsterville, Colthurst, two Perinelathers, Meade, Read, De Courcey, three Sealys, two Douglasses ; Captain Berestbrd, M.P. Lieut.-Colonel llodder, Dr. Pitcairn, Limit. Frank land, R.N. ; Messrs. lteresford, 'fodder, Aldridge, Town shend, J. Leahy, Trailers ; and a great majority of the Officers of the garrison. On Monday Viscountess nAvvi LLE, the Lady of our Am bassador at l'aris, was formalty presented to the King and Dauphin, at the Levee of the I)auphincss. On leaving the Levee of the Datiphiness, the Lady of the English Ambassador was conducted to that of the Duchess of Berry. The same day her Ladyship dined in the apartments of the Dauphin, at a table of 45 covers, given by the Count de Cosse, first Steward of the King, at which the Duchess de Damas , Liuly of Honour to the Dauphiness, did the honours. it EADINO, DEC. 25.—0 n St. Thomas's day, an aged party called the Old illan's Club, consisting of 20 persons, dined together at the Black Horse Inn, according to annual custom,' whose united ages amounted to 1,198, the oldest person pre sent was 83, three of them were upwards of 80, and tour of them were in their 80th year ; the age of the youngest was 60. ItomsuY, Due. 25.—The Single Gentlemen of Romsey gave an elegant Ball and Supper at the Town Hall, on Tues day last, to the Ladies of Itomsey and its vicinity, which were numerously and respectably attended. COLONEL BERKELEY AND MISS FOOTE. TO THE EDITOR. Sts—After so many letters have appeared in the News papers animadverting upon the conduct of Colonel BE II K LEY towards Miss FooTE, I presume that in justice to Co lonel Berkeley, you will not refuse to inform the world, that Colonel Berkeley has formed a voluntary resolution to secure a comfortable provision to Miss Foote for the remainder of her life, and has communicated to Miss Foote an offer of this nature. This act of justice on the part of Colonel Berke ley is intended to secure Miss Foote against distress and want, in case she should be prevented by sickness or any other acci dent from pursuing her profession on the Stage. The above mentioned fact is communicated upon the first authority. I remain, Sir, your obedient servant, December 26. &c. &c. CHRISTMAS DONATIONS. DcmcasTmt, DEC. 24.—0 n Thursday the Corporation of Doncaster distributed their annual donation of beef to the poorer inhabitants of Rossington. CowEs, Mr. 25.—George Ward, Esq., of Northwood Park, ordered six oxen to be distributed to the poor this day. Sir Fitzwilliam Barrington, Ilart., gives beef, &c. and Lady Barrington gives blankets and flannel to the poor of Calbourne. AYLEsutraY, DEC. 25 —On Tuesday the annual distribti. tion of those t;ood things which the scanty pittance of the poor renders unattainable, but by the bounty of their opulent neigh bours, was made at Stowe to upwards of 540 persons, by direc don of his Grace the Duke of Buckingham. The proportion allowed to each person to make Christmas a festive season was lilbs. of merit, Ilb. of bread, lib. of plum-pudding, and a pint awl a half of beer. Several children were newly clothed, and a quantity of flannel distributed to their parents. It is part of the practice at Stowe provide soup during the winter, to be given to the poor. .eat - 7-ef.f• t ri• - - ;- o"tiL Ir s if , " Irl ) .•.)' •-- w-• - 4r4 • c ••-, at • r i tt es 4 HUNTING IN'rELLItiENCE. MEETINGS OF HOUNDS IN lIE PIIESEN'T WEEK. The H. 11. on Tuesday, at Oliver's Battery ; 'Wednesday, at Red House. The Hambledon Hounds, on Wednesday, at Preshaw louse ; Friday, at Waltham Pond ; Sasurday, at Belmont House, Warnford. The Earl of Darlington's Fox-hounds, on Wednesday, at Hutton Hang ; Saturday, at Studley. The Lambton Fox-hounds, on Tuesday, at Chester Bar; Thursday, at Ravensworth ; Saturday, at Usworth. The Earl of Scarborough's Fox-Hounds, on Wednesday, Rossington Bridge ; Friday, at Grove. E MARKETS. CORN EXCHANGE, DEC. 27. The weather having been boisterous during the past week, the supplies dell sorts of Corn were moderate. This morning the fresh supplies consist chiefly of small ituantities of Wheat Barley, Beans and Pease, from Essex and Kent, but there is very little Corn fresh up from other parts. There was an eager demand for tine Wheat this morning, at an advance of3s. to4s. perqr. on the termsofthis day sennight, and other qualities partake of this improvement ; Barley sells more freely, and is advanced Is. to 2s. per quarter; Old Beans are scarce, and rather dearer; New Beans sell readily at last quotations; Grey PeaS are rather higher ; Boiling Peas also look upwards ; Oats find buyers more readily than of late, but the prices are not reported higher than, this flay se'nnight ; Flour is advanced ss. per sack. Aitit i V ALS or LasT WEEK —English Wheat, 4,423; Bar ley, 6,480 ; Malt, 3,811 ; Oats, 4,134 ; Rye, —; Beans, 901 Peas, 1,648 ; Irish ‘Vheat, 355 ; Oats, 1,345 ; Foreign Oats , _ —qua rters ; English Flour, 7,295 sacks. Wheat, Red (old) tills 61 is Beans, Small (new)i....4 2 s 454 White (old) ...56s 76s Red (1824) 48s Ms Tick (new) 'lls 335 --. Fine ills 62s (old) 4os 44s ----- Superfine ....66s 70s 1 Harrow (new) 4ils 42 White (1824)...50s 55s I ---- ( o ld) 4 . 1, 43s Fine sBs 64s Brank 34s 40s Superfine 684 74s Oats, Feed . 0 0s 225 Rye '155 40s ---F me 0 3s 25s Barley 36s 399 Poland 22s 24s -- Fine 42s 44s ---Fine 25s 27s --Superfine tt)a 411 s Potatoe ols 28s Malt 'ills till; Fine °7s 30s Fine fills 72s ------ SCOtdi 31s 32s Pease, Grey 40s 42s Flour (per sack) 65s ?lira --Maple 42s 43$ Secondi ifis 62v --White .... 46s 52s NorthCountry...s4s 58s --Boilers b4s Ms Bran Ds 9s GENERAL AVERAGE PRICE OF GRAIN, FROM THE RE TURNS RECEIVED IN THE WEEK ENDING DEC. HI. Wheat, Os. 11d. ; Barley, 425. ; Oats, 245. od.; Rye, 42 5 . Bd. ; Beans, 428. 7d. ; Peas, 48 s . o d . The Average ice of Brown or Muscovado Sugar, computed December 22, 1824, is 30s. lid. per cwt. SMITHFIELD MARKET, Mc. 27. The following is an accurate Report of the numbers and prices at Smithfield Market this morning:— CATTLE AT MAUKET Beasts 1,217 I Sheep 11,777 Calves Bll I Pigs To sink the Offltl, per stone of 89). Beef ............ 3s 104 to 4s 10d I Veal is 4d to Os Od Mutton 4s 4d to 5s Od I Pork ss Od to lis Od Lamb Os Od to Os Od. ITAY Min sTitAw, I , ER LOAD. Hay £3 Os to .1:5 Os I Clover £4 Os to X 6 Os Straw .E 1 Dis to .1:2 25. THE LONDON JOURNALS. DAILY Extracts from the Morning Papers, Dec. 2.7. [THE TIMES.] The Speech of the King of France, on the opening, of the Sessions of the Legisl►tive Bodies►, is more diffuse than is usual with such produc- Lions; and, notwithstanding the frigid stateliness and formalities which they RoYal Speaker is by usage obliged to observe, is not Without interest. His Majesty alludes properly de cease eof his brother; and _certainly the grief , if nMO to the real, which is displayed by a nation on the death of one Sovereign, is the best pledge of security to a successor of the same family. " The affect " ing sorrow which the whole nation felt in the " last moments of the King, my brother, was to " me the most soothing consolation ; and I say " it with truth, that it is to that alone I am in " debted for having been able fully to enjoy " the confidence with which my ACCeSSiOII "to the throne has been hailed." -- The assurance of the amicable disposition of Foreign l'o‘s ers may serve for a clause it► the forth coming speech of the King of England ; we shall hear it re-echoed on the opening of the British Session of Patliament. But we particularly en treat attention to the grounds on which the King of France is enabled to designate the late cam paign in Spain " a glorious one." Those grounds are, that the person who passes the judgment, the Royal critic, is of the same country and of the same blood with the warrior upon whose military talents the judgment is passed—two circum stancesove should think, highly calculated to hang a bias on the mind, and render it partial. " With this object," it was, says his Majesty, " that I consented to prolong still farther the " stay in Spain of a part of the troops which my cc son had left there, after a campaign which, " both as a Frenchman and a father, 1 may call •c glorious." A Frenchman and a father, in deed, may think the campaign a glorious one, but probably no other man in Europe, with the excep. (ion of him in whom those two excellent qualiti- cations for forming a just judgment combine would be of the sante opinion. We knew before, that the stay of a portion of the French in the Peninsula was to be prolonged ; and the real dif ficulty of the original enterprise of overrunning the country may be estimated by the facility with which a handful of men can retain possession of the prey. Spain is a happy proof of what Popery and the Inquisition, operating for ages with un disturbed sway, can do for a country. The se curity of the foreign relations of France, it is justly said, and sensibly felt, " will favour the " development of internal prosperity." But let his Majesty beware how he attempts to found upon this happy state of things, what he is pleased to call the ameliorations " required by " the sacred interests of religion." Voltaire and the Infidels have once already been too strong for masses, decrees of councils, and the Jesuits, an d, together with that trash. swept ilway for a while all true religion front France., And slim" masses, infallibilities, Popes, purgatories, saints, legends, an d relics, be re-edified into a system again, Voltaire and the Infidels will it, and the structure will in again mingle with evitably crumble again. The " gates of Hell" can't prevail" against zilch a religion as that, for they have prevailed against it, and they will continue to prevail against it, unless the human mind is legislated down into a state of igno rance equal to that of the dark ages, when Po pery was the only form of Christianity, and the knowledge of the sure record of o ur faith, the word of God, prohibited. It appears that an indemnity is still to be provided for the emigrants and those who suffered by the revolution, but probably in some other way than that at tempted by M. Villele last session, by the re dut.tion of the interest on the national debt.— " The present situation of the French finances," it is said, " will permit this great act of justice " and policy, without augmenting the imposts, " without injuring public credit, without re " trenching any part of the funds destined to the " different Ivanches of the public credit." It is the duly of every Government to render proper ty sacred, and to exhibit the insecurity of all i.os , -ession founded on the violation of the sacred right of property, for otherwise the State loses the keenest incitements to heroic interprise and severe labour in its subjects—the hope of raising and founding a family : rapine might take the place of industry, and universal barbarism would ensue. —The session is to be terminated by the august ceremony of his Majesty's Coronation. The project is not unwise. May the impression of the solemnity be durable. France cannot be tranquil and prosperous without imparting kind red advantages to surrounding §tates, and more especially to England. [MOUNING rosT.] Now that all shadow of doubt as to the real objects of the Catholic Association is at an end, and that no alternative remains but by salutary coercion, to bring its Members and their infa tuated dupes to a just sense of allegiance, we may express our regret and surprise, that the warning we gave the Legislature, before the close of last Session, to put down so dangerous a body, was not properly attended to. The injury which has since been done to the best interests of the Em prosperity of the sist er country pire, is of dire extent. U p on t he tranquillity and consequent itself, a deep and we fear a lasting wound has been intlicted—while as regards the hopes of the Roman Catholics to future participation in the privileges of the Constitution, an act of downright suicide has been perpetrated. A)' that his Majesty's gracious wisdom and warm heartedness had prompted, during his visit &re land, to in9ire his Popish subjects with loyal c on tidence—all the natural gratitude which the generous benevolence of the people o f England kindled in the breasts of the Irish p e asantrYl when pestilence and famine s we p tPoPulpopulation--alt the good and conciliatory effects whi c h Parliament bias laboured, for many years labourec,alid ing wing over that wretched with unparal leled success, to produce in Ireland-01 the safe ty and protection which the impartial administra • tion of Justice there taught the p eop l e to seek in the Laws and be certain of finding—in fine,every blessing which accident and design combined to shower on the Sister Island for a considerable period, the Catholic Association in a few months has fi - lasted ! Had that glaring nuisance been abated last Session, Ireland would now be peace able and happy—the people contented, and the Government liberal in proportion to its security. The Papists, instead of having their fancies ex cited by revolutionary schemes, would have had their hopes and wishes intensely directed to the Imperial Parliament, and their minds filled with advantages and honours of an intimate union with Great Britain. The Catholic A s sociation, or nt least its leaders, foresaw these results, and with might and main endeavoured to thwart them. They dreaded even an approxima tion towards loyalty among the Irish Hu manists, and they still more dreaded that Eng land should appear in any other light than that of an avenging enemy in the eyes of the " six millions." But persons acquainted with Ireland knew well, that although it were prudent, for the sake of experiment, to withhold whip and spur, it was o►► that very account still the more necessary to keep a tight rein upon the habitual impulses of a faction, horn and bred in hostility to the British Government and a Protestant State. The great fault, therefore, has been in giving too much head at one time to the Irish Roman Catholics ; yet to this circum stance is it owing that we now see, without mist or obstruction, the genuine feelings and naked objects of that Body. Had they been more restrained, they would have been more timid and circumspect, and the rest of the com munity, for the moment, more deceived. The hope entertained was, that %% it!' such a disposition as the present advisers of the Crown have ma nifested towards the Irish Papists, due time, with due re3traint, would have trained them into tractable and dutiful subjects. The result, on the contrary, is at present found to be the re verse of every thing that was hoped and could be wished for 1 reland. Something perhaps of what has been undone, may by proper means be tereafter redone. But not a moment should be lost ; and the very first step must be to trample on the Catholic Association, and extinguish the ramifications of disaffection emanating from that body, and haiing it for a common centre of vi tality. The King, Ministry, and Lords and Commons of the United Kingdom, must be the only supreme Powers to which the Irish Roman Catholics shall be allowed to look. The esta blished Institutions of the Realm must be the only Institutions, having for them an exist ence in or out of the Empire. Put out every false light, and let the legitimate beacons alone remain. The Irish Papists may thus know where to steer with safety and for succour ; but so long as they are distracted by a " Domestic Go vernment," as Dr. Doyle calls the Association, and also an Imperial Government, they are liable to wreck and ruin. May we trust it is not too late to return to a wise system, and that the very errors which have arisen from over-leniency, may be rendered productive of future wisdom and a sounder course of policy ? [BRITISH en css.] Among the odious institutions which Europe owes immediately to the Holy Alliance, the worst unquestionably is, the Central Commission of Mayence. This body is modelled on the plan of the Spanish Inquisition ; it acts by secret means all over Germany ; it probably has spies in every country in Europe, but its power is not exercised beyond the limits of the Germanic Con federation : whom it suspects it seizes, in whatever part of Germany its victim may reside ; it carries him away wherever it pleases, and subjects him to such rigours as its judges fit to inflict upon him. The late arrest of Professor Cousin, at Dresden, as he was journeying from France to Poland, is an instance of the power claimed and exercised by this political inquisition. M. Cousin is now in custody at Berlin. Ile is charged generally with having corresponded with parties engaged in re volutionary intrigues in Germany ; and on this vague accusation he is, without knowing any thing of the proof or proceedings against him, con fined until the pleasure of the Commission of Mayence shall he communicated to him. The following letter from Dresden will throw some light on the character of this body. We utterly disbelieve all the stories respecting secret societies and revolutionary intrigues, at least in the sense and to the extent described by the German Papers. If there had been any political offences committed since 1819, why have not the guilty parties been publicly tried and convicted ? Why should the prisons be filled with this horrible and myste rious secrecy, if this Commission were not the blind instrument of brutal and vindictive tyranny ? M. de Manger, to whom allusion is made at the close of the subjoined letter, it will, perhaps, be recollected, was the Minister of the Elector of Hesse, whom he induced to persecute his subjects, and spend large sums of money t o pot down ima ginary conspiracies, of which Manger was himself the sole contriver. He was at length detected, and is now suffering the p u nishment to which he had doomed several i nn ocent individuals. DRESDEN, DEC. B.The phantom of secret societies, raised in 1819 by the t l ecc i vas of Princes, continues to bring misery on many i nn ocent persons . , and even on whole fami lies. At on e ti me s father is torri i trom the arms of his children, by virtue of a ~,sit from the Commission of Mayence ; at another, fair and hopeful prospects is dragged l i ' 'r t oi ) liti r l'e alf7io"iiers-g n°l University ap . pear before tlus tribunal, and is kept a prisoner for whole months, under the pretextthat he is a mem. ber of some secret society which has for its object the rith ulioeutia, s n otion of reforming the world. The rumour of secret which torments Kings serves also to prolong for ‘ c oc mon ths and years the imprisonment of many persons of whom t h e pu blic know nothing but by whispers. It is pretended ,fiat the demagogue desire the subversion of all thrones.— 'llow is it, then, that since 1819 not a single person has been convicted before the tribunals ? Why do the prisons continue filling when there has not been one conviction ? _Such imprisonments are at variance with the sacred rights of humanity. Ought we, in Germany, thus gradually to become habituated to such a species of secret inquisition ? It has often happened that men entirely innocent have been imprisoned for months, and when their innocence has been ac knowledged, what recompence have the victims received ? What has taken place at Cassel ought to induce Princes to distrust the phantom of secret associations. If there is any conspiracy in our day, it is the conspiracy of those who, like M. de Man ger, wish to subject Princes to a system of ignorance, and who, as in the 12th and 11th centuries, desire to reign over both Sovereigns and people. [THE PUBLIC LEDGER.] We have received Buenos Ayres Papers to the end of October. They contain accounts from Chile to the middle of the preceding month, at which time the squadron, destined to co-operate with the blockading force before. Callao, though the preparations for its departure were urged with the greatest vigour, had not yet sailed fur its destination. The appearance of the Asia had occaioned increased exertions, and three vesseis were expected to.sail immediately. On the 15th" of September the elections were to commence in the Chilian capital, for Deputies to the new Congress, which was to be held at Quilotn, a city of inferior rank, though containing more than ten thousand souls. The Liberal party, according to all private accounts, was expected to triumph in the elections. No thing new since the defeat of Canterac at Junin, was known in Chili respecting the war in Peru, though a vessel, which had arrived at Buenos Ayres from Santiago de Chili, stated, that after she had sailed, a communication was Ina to her from that port, stating that news had been just received from Truxillo of a second defeat sus tained by the army under Camerae. The Buenos Ayres Paper that gives this account, thinks that it would be prudent to await further and more positive information. Not withstanding this in junction, we own we are strongly disputed to believe that the intelligence is true, par. ticularly as the last advices from Lima con-. tain a similar statement. The Mail from Salta, which arrived at Buenos Ayres on the 13th of October, brought news of the entire evacuation of Upper Peru by General Valdez. The latter had been recalled from that Province by La Serna, the Viceroy, in consequence of the imminent dangers with which he found himself threatened by the rapid progress of the liberat ing army. Valdez, at his departure from Potosi, at the beginning of September sent a communi cation to Olaneta in which he permits him to occupy the whole of Upper Peru, and charges him, on his responsibility to King Ferdinand, to keep it true to the Royalist Cause. It is not said what effect this appeal has had on Olaneta, but he entered Potosi on the 4th of September, though with a force considerably reduced. Great desertions had taken place in his army, as well as in that of Valdez, which facilitated the levies that had been ordered by. the Government of Buenos Ayres on the Pro vinces adjoining Upper Peru. About 50 men, mostly Corporals and Serjennts, had joined the new levies from the army of Olaneta ; and they affirmed that most of those. whom they had left behind, were disposed to follow their example ; and that a similar spirit prevailed amongst all the Royalist Forces in Peru. [mouNtsG neum.D.] We are among the number of those who con sider that a war of words is that in w hich it can rarely be necessary for a Goyermnent to inter fere; but that, on the contrary, by allow inq an oral vent to the overflowings of perturbed spirits, much more subsequent violence is often avoided, than if such ebullitions were pent up, till at last they burst forth with increas ed and active vigour. Our brethren of the Sister Kingdom, it is true, furnish in some respects an exception to most general rules— and to this, perhaps, in particular, being more apt than any people under Heaven to accompany their words with blows. To de scend from generals to particulars, we fear it cannot be denied that the greater part of the evils which at present afflict Ireland are owing to the wordy violence which distinguishes the proceedings of the two factions which have so long divided it. And we are persuaded that no thing could more essentially contribute to the peace and happiness of that community, than that these two faction , , the Catholic Association on one hand, and the Orange Demagogues on the other, were either put to silence, or induced to carry on their disputes in a strain which would not offend their neighbours or disturb the general tran quillity. We look upon the mass of the Irish people to resemble persons, who in private life have the misfortune to live between quarrelsome o e igb• hours, who, in the abuse they level and the mis siles they cast ut each other, injure the unotfenit. ing bystander as much or more than they do themselves. Still, however, it must be a matter of prudence and discretion how far a Government ought to interfere in the matter. We cootess that the Catholic Lenders have on some occa sions assumed a tone of menace most injudicious, if not in some degree alarming. And we are bound, we think, to give credit to an Administra tion so conciliatory in its spirit as Lord Welles ley's has been throughout, that it would not in terfere as it has done without a firm conviction that mutters are come to a pass which no longer admit of a continuance of past forbearance ; and we shall, therefore, be glad if the proceedings which have been adopted towards Mr. O'Connell are allowed to act, as we have no doubt they are mainly intended to do, as a warning to his heated and factioui followers ; and that they will learn that they cannot any longer, with impunity, beard, as it were, the Government at the vei y seat of empire. The manner in which the arrest in question (if such it can be called) took place will, we have no doubt, create considerable discussion, With the very best intentions, it will be thought that conciliation has, in this respect, been car ded perhaps a little too far ; and that there is something rather ludicrous and Barratatian in the proceeding itself. In England, a man who is charged with committing an offence is brought before a Magistrate—in Ireland, however, it would seem, that the Magistrate is brought before him! This, however, if worthy of any remark, it must be that of a little harmless ridicule.— We repeat our wish then, that a measure taken (if necessary at all) with so much for bearance may have its weight, and convince these people on both sides (for we abjure one faction quite as much ns we do the other) that their rancour must be kept within governable bounds. Certain we are, that it is the peculiar interests of the Catholics thnt it should be, who, we have uo doubt, would years ago have obtained all that they could reasonably have desired in the way of coo cession, had it not been for the insane and frantic indiscretion of their professed friends and leaders. [MORNING CiIIiONICLE.] Of all the principal actors on the political