The Sun. — London, England, 1855-10-29 00:00:00

TII TI:E ROTA L , Levee, Mr. FL T. Smith. THIS EVENING, Will be, performed MA :LIFT) FOR MONEY. Characters :Mr..Chatles 11fattieWS, Messrs. ro.,ert licottiy and A. 'lounge ; Mrs. T. Matthews, Miss K. Oliver, and 3E53 appear. After wh;cb, TWENTY `dINUTE - 4 I IGER T.) be followed by NITO( R 1.4. Characters by Messrs. F.. F. Ed gar, Stuart, B. Sullivan, G. wild, C. Vincent, Sze.; Miss Glyn, Mrs Miss De Vere, Miss Anderton, MiS9 Cleveland, &C. THEA raE ROYAL, H MARKET. Under the Management of Mr. Buckatone. T'ltS t.VENItir. Will be p,rforrued TEM BF.MNNIVO and THE END. Chit- Teeters by Mears Rogers, Chippendale, and Howe; Miss Cushmar, nd Miss 7Avvanborough. Followed by THE LITTLE TREASURE. To conclude with FISH OCT OF WATER. ROYAL PR1N0E,..416 THEATRE, OXFORD-STREET. Under the Management of Mr. Claims Zum. THIS EVENING Will be presented ,lIIDGE NOT BY APPEARANCES. After which, KING HENRY VIII. Queen KathArine, Mrs, C . Kean ; Cardinal Wolsey, Mr. C. Kean. To conclude with A. GAME OF ROMPS. Takicizas; 'ROYAL ADELPiLt, Proprietor, Mr. E. Webster.—Directieos, *ads= Ce!este. THIS EVENING, - - Will be performed RORY O'Nf ORE. Characters by Messrs. Hud son, P. 'tedfnrd, '. Selby, Parselle, J. Eland, Garden, &o.: MIL , " Mary Keeley, Kate Kelly, Wyndham, &c. Followed by A MOVING TALE. To conclude with OPEN SESAME. R 3YAL OLYMPIC THEATER. TIM EVENING, Will be presented PLOT AND PASSION. Characters by Messrs. F. Robson, Emery, G. Vining, Leslie, J. H. White, H. Cooper, and Franks ; and Mrs. Stirling and Miss Bromley. Followed by CATCHING A MERMAID. To conclude with A BLIGHTED BEING. ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE. Lessee, Mr. J. H. Anderson, 18, Norfolk-street, Strand. Increased Attractions, and success In equal ratio THIA, AND EVERY EVENING, at Eight o'clock, Will Se presented, with entirely New and Magnificent Appoint 'vents, MAGIC and 7kIYSTERY, in twelve acts, arranged In two parts, by Professor Anderson. After which, the startling illustrations of Spirit-Rapping. HALF ILNI-fIOUR Wllll THE NPIRITA, being the most surprising an , ' Interesting series of experiments ever given within the walls of any theatre. 103,000 persons have visited the Lyceum already to see the Great Wizard of the North. Prices of admission:—Prlvate Boxes, 11. Ils. 6d. and 11. Is. ; Orchestra Stalls, 43.: Dress Boxes, 3§. ; Upper Boxes, 2s. ; Pit, Is.; Gallery, 6d. No Half-price. Box-oflice open from 11 to 5 daily. °rand 3forninT Performance ou Saturday N•xt at Two o'Clock. Doors open at Half-past One. ROYAL STRAND THEATRE. Under the direction of Mr; Payne. THIS EVENING. Will bo performed THE DAY AFTER IHE WEDDING: Alter which, SAM PATCH. Followed by NITOCRIS. To conclude with SIMPSON AND CO. ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE. Lessee and Manager. Mr. Win. Cooke. Coeval with its excitement is the prodigious success of the new Spectacle. Desfening acclamations attend Mr. J. H. Cooke's mlra c aloes " Flight of the Bridges." THIS EVENING. The new Spectacle de Guerre, The FALL of SEBASTOPOL ! After which the improved SCENES in the CIRCLE, with Mr. J. H. Cooke's astounding feat, the Saut du Pont, or Flight of the Bridges. To conclude with an incentive to cachinnation, in a Humorous FARCE. Box-office open from Eleven till Four. Stage Manager. Mr. W. . Equestrian Director, Mr. w. Cooke. jun. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. MI6 DA.Y—Morn 4 min.aft. 4—Evening 23 min. aft. 4 To - HORROW—Norn.4I min.aft. 4—Evening 4 min. aft. 5 THE WEATHER.—SUN OFFICE, Oct. 28. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 51—highest since noon yesterday. 47—lowest this morning and during the night. 53—this day at noon. BAROMETER, 29'78. WIND, N.N.E.—Light, with dull, cold weather. OCTOBER 29. 53—highest since noon yesterday. 48 --lowest this morning and daring the night 52 --this day at noon. BAROMETER, 29'50—falling. WTNP, N.N.E.—Light, with dull weather, and sligh rain in the morning and afternoon. reb , • LONDON, MONDAY. OCTOBER 29, 1855. Archbishop WHATELY may be regarded as the founder of our system of Criminal Reformation. He it was who first promulgated the benevolent principle that'convicts ought to •be kept in dur ance until such time as they should have asserted their right to be again set at large—earning anew the forfeited title to be free, by continuous good conduct and sustained industry while undergoing the penalty of incarceration. It was Captain MACONOCHIE, however, who acquired for him self the glory of having developed this seed truth, so to speak, into one of our grand, over shadowing institutions. It was under the aus pices of Captain MACONOCHIE that the theory of the great Christian Philosopher was enabled to ripen and expand into the scheme of the Practi cal Philanthropist. We are now actually gather ing the fruits of it in the Ticket-of-Leave System, about which opinions are just at this period so very numerous and contradictory. - Are those fruits good or bad, sweet or bitter, poisonous or beneficial ? This involves one of those great social problems demanding, if possible, instant solution. G r an the question be answered satisfac torily? Our authorities say, Yes. Popular pre judice declares to the contrary.. Who shall de cide ? What can be selected as - the ground upon which to arrive at a deliberate and dispassionate conclusion upon a matter of this vital importance to the general com munity ? There are • the statistics fur nished by the Annual Report, made by the Directors of our Convict Prisons, relating the re sults of the last year in regard to prison discipline and prison management ! If we are to accept these statistics as definitive upon the subject under consideration, we must perforce acknowledge our selves convinced of the wonderfully good effects of the new system, inaugurated by the 16 and 17 Vier., cap. 99. However, on the other hand, there are very different particulars requiring to be borne in mind no less sedulously, particulars forcibly thrusting themselves upon the notice of the population from day to day, almost, it might be said, at times, from hour to hour—through the records of our courts of law, from the highes I to the lowest, from the " flimsy" of the penny-a ners in our police-courts to the notes of the ort„hand writers reporting either succinctly or in elaborate paraphrase through the columns of a daily newspaper. Judging from these unsystem atic ed facts, statistics untabulated, and even, be t said, as yet u naccumulated into one impressive aggregate —we should be compelled to question the accuracy of the esti • mate formed by the organisers (and therefore, of course, the apologists) of the new system ; in oth er words, the already. mentioned Directors of our great Can vict E stahlishments. According to the latter it would appear that little more than one per cent. of the convicts discharged conditionally upon the Ticket of-Leave System, disappoint the hopes cherished by the more sanguine of their tg guides, philoso phers, and friends," the gaol chaplains, at the Period of emancipation. According to the un believing "profane," the mere spectators of all t hatbas been •of going on lat e, not merely within the precincts of Dartmoor, Brixton, the Hulks, 111illbank, Portsmouth, Portland, Parkhurst, and PPenton v ai_ but in th e b ac k slums of • our great cities, in the • Thieve s '- rookeries o f our metropo li s s, i n lane and Q . lu-?.lley, in the Torn - all-Atones of moral liOndon and Westminster, in th e f ou l est ' d ens, moral a and ers of the ca • pital and the provinces—according to the fists, and the readers or ; a t t; Judgment of .Tourn. al journ the-new Ercher,lB set on foot fo r th e reclamation of titude, has not, by any mea ns c ° ll *lt mul proved thus ai ,triumphant. The impression abroad for some time past undoubtedly is, that the Ticket-of-Leave System—noble and admirable beyond all doubt as a theory—as a practice is little better than a very frightful experiment. That is the popular belief, or, call it if you like, prejudice. Is it a reasonable conclusion, viewing the matter at once by the light of the annual Report of the Directors of our Convict Prisons, and by that furnished to the public at large by the Fourth Estate, of which we ourselves are among the diurnal representatives. Colonel JEBB, speak ing for the Directors over whom he has long pre sided with such consummate ability as permanent Chairman, has recently supplemented to the last of his blue books, that for " 1854," being a sub stantial volume of some 400 pages octavo, an ex planation as to the working of the Ticket-of-Leave System, presenting his matured estimate to his ' fellow-countrymen through the medium of an ex tended communication addressed to the most emi nent of our contemporaries. Opposed to the un deniable statements put forth thus authoritatively by Colonel JEBB, and to . the force of which we how with all respectful submission, with all that unstinted credulity and implicit reliance which are the due of a public servant as distinguished as the Chairman of the Board of Directors of our Convict Establishments—there still remain the no less undeniable "facts" of crimes again and again perpetrated by Ticket-of-Leave ruffians let loose upon society cut-throats and cut-purses, burglars and footpads scoun drels doubly-dyed with the guilt of hypo crisy and dissimulation, and who have only assumed the mask of religion for . a while in order that they might again be at freedom to outrage the laws of GOD and Man indiscriminately. Upwards of three thousand Ticket-of-Leave men have been already enlarged, it now appears, since first the scheme of penal servitude was applied to convicts retained in the United Kingdom. A little over two thousand others still remain "on hand" to be dealt with in like manner during the next year or two, until Such-time as the original " stock" shall have been entirely exhausted. A pleasant prospect enough, it must be allowed, for those who have already been dismayed by the manifold offences perpetrated by the amiable pre decessors of those two thousand gaol-birds yet to flutter out again upon the world—their wings a little clipped, it may be, by the surveillance of the police, but their talons still capable of almost •Iny amount of lawless plundering and brutish de struction. Unsophisticated specimens of what may have been meant by Mr. TENNYSON in his hideous glimpse of— " Nature, red in tooth and claw with rapine." It is a grand but terrible experiment, that is the truth of it, this novel and daring scheme of reforming criminals byaffurding them premature opportunities of returning to their evil ways ! Let us put the matter in a homely fashion to the apologists of the Ticket-of-Leave System, just as it appears to ourselves, viewing the whole of that system dispassionately. Suppose some wonderful contrivance, some wonder-wokleing piece of mecha nism were constructed for the curing of— " Blindness and lunacy, lameness and leprosy !" after the fashion of the famous machine repre sented by the father of Peter Simple—the ma chine for modifying, by pressure upon certain bumps, the arrangement of any one's phrenologi cal development. Suppose this miraculous, me chanical, or chemical mire for curtain of " the ills that flesh is heir to" were set in motion in some great public place of resort—sap' in Trafalgar square. Suppose the blind, and the mad, and the lame, and the leprous, to the number of three thousand and odd, were one after another sub jected to its mysterious and magical manipu lation. Suppose the cures, the positive cures, affected were to the number of 80 or 90 per cent. —the calculation actually put forward by the apologists of the Ticket-of-Leave System, as to tht average of those permanently reformed under its operations. Suppose, however, that beyond all this—while every hundredth unfortunate expe rimented upon had his miseries aggravated fright fully by the effects of the working of the machine— suppose we say that in addition to this aggravation of evil every now and then to individuals brougb t under the influence of the Wonder-Worker, it, the Wonder-Worker, were every now and then tA, be liable to terrific explosions. Suppose these ex plosions scattered destruction to life, limb, and property among her MAJESTY'S innocent lieges going about their ordinary avocations in the neigh bourhood—killed a man crossing Parliament street, knocked an eye out of the head of another sauntering along the Strand, set fire to a house in` ' St. Martin's-lane, and so on through any number of sections in the great chapter of accidents. Suppose all this—and you have supposed what may seem very extravagant no doubt, but what is at the same time strictly and literally analogous to the terrible and extraordinary experiments now taking place publicly in the very midst ... of these densely-populated Winds with a view to the cure of the intellectually blind and Mad, the morally halt and leprous. Experi ments which are proving every - day disastrous to numerous unoffending passers-by in the general multitude. The theory of the Ticket-of-Leave System we regard as eminently entitled to our admiration. The principle in which it originated we revere as one exquisitely beautiful in its benevolence. Its purpose we regard as a purpose of sublime benignity. The aspiration of which it is expres sive we cherish as we would even cherish those diviner aspirations born from the celestial wisdom and beneficence of Christianity. Yet the practical experience of this system, theoretically so ennobling, so humanising, so philanthropical, we are com pelled by the sheer force of reason to consider one that has proved, in many re s p ec t s, most signally deplorable. Insomuch that we are fain to thank HEAVEN for that announcement made the other d a y by Colonel JEBB in his very masterly state ment, written almost as much in exculp a ti on as in this formidable wit, th atail scheme enaalready of cehxapllkaendatioount—o h to t un doubtedly generous and human e, but no less un doubtedly dangerous and destructive, experi ment. •,;- than one, a most was , i n more ways The admission of the Austrians into the ill advised,Prin- cipalities if no t a t reac h erous , step. Mark-lane feels the effect of it, and our loaf is probably a penny, or at l eas t h a lf th a t , d earer f o r it. These niggardly bulli es , w h o h ar dl y d are d t o come in sight of the Russians' backs, who merely ve ntured to walk i n when the latter had walked out, can yet unpr o fit a b ly consume the produce of the country, paying for it, when they do pay, in worthless Austrian paper. They lessen thus the exportable produce of the country, while in a mi litary sense they only recompense the Allies with mischief. The Provinces, notwithstanding the War, have had, according to the ' most reliable accounts, splendid crops. Part of these is eaten by the Austrian locusts ; but, w orse than that, part, and the immensely larger part, is detained by the position in which Austria places those ter ritoiies. She obtains liberty for a few of her own . ersels to quit the Danube, the Vessels or the cargoes being those in which her subjects, or the beloved Greeks, are in some way interested ; but the trade is not that on which shipowners, even of neutral nations, can venture with confidence. Hence the abundant supplies which might be ob tained thence for Western Europe are in danger of being wasted on the spot. They are at least not available to general commerce. This arises from the command which Russia still retains of the mouth of the Danube. The three principal mouths of that river are the Kilia, most northerly ; the Sulina, of which all heard at the beginning of the War as the chief one for navigation ; and the St. George's, more southerly. By the Treaty of Bucharest in 1812 Russia filched all these, with Bessarabia, from Tur key, and fixed her boundary along a smaller mouth still more southerly than St. George's. Ever since then she has been employed in ob structing by mudbanks and quarantine, and now, in addition, by gun-boats, the navigation of this noble river. She has had the double object in vie w of driving the trade of Odessa, and of ren dering the navigation impracticable to the armed vessels of Turkey or her allies. She commands some hundred and fifty miles of this all-important section of the river. She holds, in fact, thegates of its trade, and always disposed to close them ; it suits her now to bolt them. If aware that France is needing the corn of the adjacent countries, and that French demands raise the price of wheat here, she will be even more strict than hitherto. From Reni, where the Pruth de bouches into the Danube, and up which former river the Russian gun-boats are said to shelter, all along to the sea she has strand batteries, it is said, at suitable places. While Ismail, celebrated at once for the bravery of the Turks and the sa►agery of SIIWARROW, stands not very far from the inland commencement of the Kilia mouth, after it has left the Sulina mouth. Ismail is of course the strength of the Bessarabian territory on the Danube ; no other place could resist the gun-boats of the Allies for many hours. It lies, however, out of the present main course of the river, and though its capture by land and water would not probably be very difficult, the principal mouth would be open as soon as some Lady Nancy, or even gun-boats of six or seven feet draught, had moved up as far as Reni and the Pruth. When once the Wallachians saw the Allies on the river their corn would be brought in vast quantities to its shores. Security would immediately create an active trade, and the markets of London, Paris, and New York would feel the result sensibly by the spring. Like all other operations in the present War its difficulty has been increased by our past mis management. If, instead of letting Austria take bail of Turkey not to attack Russia on the Pruth, we had even advanced a million of money to push Oscan PACHA. with his victorious army forward to that river, we should not only have prevented Se bastopol from receiving its first and most important reinforcements, but should have kept together the noble and efficient army of Oxon PACHA, and have either seen him master of the Bessarabian side of the Danube, or have rendered it very easy for us to make him so. All our policy, alas, at that time was to spare Russian territory I Our Ministry could never conceive the simple and prac tical idea of opening the mouth of the Danube by restoring it, under guarantee if it pleased them, to the power which had always kept it open while it was hers, and wresting it for ever from the sel fish barbarian who began to close it the instant he began to possess it. Nothing was thought of but the genuine Whig scheme of a mixed commis sion, with, of course, some ELLIOT. or GREY, or Rtrssra.L, or some protege of the clique as one of the commissioners. We have no doubt that the expenses of the said commissioners would soon amount to the interest of the money requisite to conquer all Bessarabia from the Danube to the Dniester, perhaps to Odessa. When the importance of liberating the Pro vinces from their Russianising and oppressive occupants is considered in connection with the importance of a thoroughly open trade with the Danube, it is evidently high time to take a deci iive step. The Provinces are now fully able to defend themselves by their own militia. Let Austria be told then to attend to her own busi ness, to disband these troops, as she did those which ought to have confronted and detained the Russians in Poland, and to spare her bankrupt Exchequer. She has given us no help in the War at all ; her professed help has only , resulted in enabling Russian regiments to quit Bessarabia and Poland for the Crimea ; for the Provinces she did not move a finger, but seized on them as the fruits of OMan PACHA'S bravery and skill. She has no title to remain there an hour longer, and if told so, of course in suitable style diplo• matic, by the Allies, out she must go. In our view there is nothing in the present state of things so ignominious to the Allies as the reten tion of the Provinces by their visibly treacherous ally Austria. It is a policy also 'as suicidal as it is ignominious. For our honour's sake and our interest equally let the Allies see to it that the provinces are left to their own government, and that the Danube be cleared of Russian gun-boats and batteries to its very mouth. It is now seen by the country, and by univer iities and schools, that the first instalment of Ad ministrative Reform, at least so far as may be tfforded by the instance of open competitive exa minations for the Indian writerships, have been completely successful in their first stage---that is to say, candidates of good general qualifications have been secured on the one hand, whilst on the other bad men have been kept out. Nepotism and political jobs have been excluded ; the repre sentative body, the East India Directors, have been relieved from the corrupting influence of the canvassings of between one and two hundred fami lies and of their constituents, and left to devote themselves to their true duties. But it is due to India that care be taken that she should have value for what she pays ; and she will not have that value in merely general qualifications. Now, then, comes the second stagc—that which upon the general qualifications shall superinduce the special administrative qualifications of which India is the most in xeed. 'We . early pointed out what appeared to be the obvious deficiencies of the scheme wrought out as the course of instruction for the second stage by our great. word painter, MACAIILAY. As might have been exp ected, he provided a scheme in which his own elegant accomplishments were the most prominently pro vided for. The Indians might well say, and it is our duty to say it for them, "For us those qua lifications are of little worth, in our stage of civi lisation ; oar necessities are more stern." They might point to the Right Ron. Gentleman as an example, and ask, "Of what use were they to England in its War Secretarial, when he himself held the aißee of Secretary of War ? Of what use, by the mere fact of a perso n o f such brilliant, qualifi cations holding the office to glom over a syst em o f ee except by for the purpose, misplaced, p : corrupt jobbery and waste ?" Whilst he was composing epics, and ancient - ballads filled with fine sentimfints of Roman soldiers, our own sol diers w e r e . masse d t og ether in wretched barracks, and vast sums were being paid . away_as pensions TILE Sl3'N, LONDON, MONDAY EVF,NING, OCTOBER SP, 1855 in a manner to sustain only pauperism , wretched ness, and crime. Whilst he was depic •trng classic examples of heroism, and patriotism cif the most elevated character, the War Departmei d, of which hewas the political Seare tary, was a souro:,ofpoli tical corruption and jobbery—beneath the dignity of his refined perceptions—but of which we have now the bitter experience in th e loss of twenty thousand lives and the waste of some thirty and forty millions of money in a single campaign. Whilst he was study ing the careers of CLITE and HASTINGS for a grand tableaux India was sustaining the disasters of Affghanistan, and the fruits of the careers of we know not what inferior system of job-appointed men, the bitter maladministration which assumes sufficiency of classical accompliihments and gene ral qualifications for every species of lucrative and dignified office. The Times has done well to call attention in detail to the provision of securities, for the attainments of the specialities for the ser viee, and the necessity of alterations in the course of training first pointed out. it points to the superior importance of a knowledge of sanscrit, the mother tongue of a hash of Hindoo dialects, to a mastery of Greek and Latin. Looking to the fact, that the most pressing improvements for kidia must be in the first instance, and for a time to come physical improvements, improved means for the collection and distribution of water, im provements in land culture, improvements in the means of internal communieatiOn, and the admi nistration of the works of these great classes, and the affairs connected with them, it might have pointed out the need of a higher place being given to the physical 'sciences than was assigned to them in the curriculum first laid down. On the general subject of Administrative Re form, it is to be observed at this time that the constituencies will be themselves in fault, if for the purpose they content themselves with general qualifications and mere' general professions from " walking gentlemen," or content themselves as the people of Cheltenham contented themselves at the last election, with the professions of favour to Administrative Reform, from a gentleman whose own office—that of third, or. political secretary to the Poor-law Board—a useless office, in which no adequate service is rendered for the salary to the department from which he is paid—was itself a flagrant example of the violation of every correct principle. As a body there is probably no class of men engaged in commerce who display more intelli gence and industry in their vocation, or are of wore importance to the community than Com mercial Travellers. Day by day, Sundays ex cepted, they may be found in every nook and corner of the kingdom, pushing with admirable skill and perseverance the wheel of trade, and lending to the less vigorous shopkeeper the bene ficial example of their business tact and enterprise. Of course a career of this sort involves incessant travelling, and, consequently, much risk from accident and exposure, in addition to a physical and mental wear and tear inevitably tending to a diminution of the term of existence. Under such circumstances we are happy to perceive that a newly-erected asylum for the distressed orphans of deceased members of this body, and capable o f accommodating 300, was opened at Pinner under influential auspices on Saturday last. As the reader will perceive, on referring to a report of the proceedings on that interesting occasion, which will be found in another column, the Com mercial Travellers' School Society was commenced in 1845, by a few energetic commercial men, who manifested the sincerity and earnestness of their convictions by subscribing 2,0001. towards the prosecution of the work they had in view before they sought any aid from without. In 1847 a large mansion was rented at Wanstead, in which 20 children were at first received, which number gradually 'incrsased as the society went on prospering until it reached 142, when the present structure was erected at a cost of up wards of 20,0001., some 16,0001. towards which have been already raised. Efforts- so honourable and in so good a cause call for encouragement and support; from the benevolent and humane, and we sincerely . trust a society which has such especial claims on a commercial community like ours will before loug not only possess building accommoda tion, but also the means of provision and education for the, number of children intended, towards which at present no fewer than 158 are wanting. A governorship of the institution is to be had for five guineas, and probably no more graceful form of contribution could be adopted. DRURY-LANE THEATRE. On Saturday The Critic was performed at this theatre, in which Mr. Charles Mathews sustained the parts of Puff and Sir Fretful Plagiary. We have nothing fresh to say about impersonations so well known as those by which Mr. Mathews has made the irritabl e an d env i ous baronet, and the magn ificently impudent author, his own. We say "his own," for although other actors do from time to time attempt them none h ave y e t success fully provoked the comparison. The dramatis personce of the tragedy were performed with considerable hu mour by various members of the company. Mrs. Frank Matthews, as the representative of Tilburina, indeed de serves a particular mention for the breadth of her mock heroics and the loftiness of her petuiaoce as an actress; while Mr. Robert Roxby was the most interesting, tru culent, and free*ind-easy of Whiskerandos. But, per haps, we had better stop ; or some of our readers who have never seen the performers we have mentioned may imagine that we have been taking a It nor, from Mr. Puff. All we can say is, before they Judge us harshly, let them go and see for themselves. The house was crowded. HAY.ItAt(KET THEATRE. On Saturday a new four-act play, entitled The Be ginning and the End, from the pen of Mrs. Lovell, the authoress of Inyo►nar, was produced here. In order to give strength to the cast Mr. Buckatone has availed himself of the services of Miss Cushman ; and it is to the efforts of that lady that the authoress is mainly in debted for the success that this play met with. The plot is as follows :—A certain German merchant, named Hoffman (Mr. Rogers), is on his death-bed, and is about to bequeath the whole of his fortune to his partner Van derkiste (Mr. Braid), a grasping, selfish man. Durieg the latter ye a's of his life Huffman has allowed a small annuity to a certain Lambert, formerly a clerk, and this man is, with his wife and children, starving on the pit tance. Their abode is under the control of Vanderkiste, and he, on the death of the old man, means to turn the family adrift. Mrs. Lambert (Miss Cush man), on learning their impending fate, seeks iiut Hoffman, and informs him of the state of affairs. The old man asters nis will, on the persuasion of Mrs.•Law hert, in favour of his natural heir, and having done so in her presence, he places it under, his pillow. Mrs, Lambert is tempted to steal the will, and a false one is substituted, in which Lambert, her husband, is be queathed the whole of Hoffman's property. Lambert, by this device, having become rich, remorse for tho crime they had committed seized both husband and wife, aiid as the husband is indulging in brandy, Mat Hail (Mr. Howe), who witnessed the stealing of the will unknown to Mrs. Lambert, arrives, and not only demands his share of the spoil, but insists upon receiving the hand of Lambert's daughter Rachel as the price of silence. The mother finding entreaties in vain attempts to poison Hail, but he imagining something is wrong with the wine offers the glass to Mrs. Lambert's child, and a scream from Mrs. Lambert strengthens his suspicion. He then compels her to save the child to swallow the potion, and the curtain falls upon the death of Mrs. Lambert—who, however, witnesses the arrest of Mat Hall, and is thus fully assured of her (laughter's safety. The first part of the play is decidedly the best, but the latter part degenerates into melodrama. As we have be fore remarked the whole weight of the play fell upon Miss Cushman, who, as the fond and despairing mother, exhibited all the p )wers of a consummate artiste. Miss Swanborough, as Rachel, was excellent, and Howe, as Mat Hall, was exceedingly effective. The piece, which has been placed upon the stage with the greatest care and attention, was given our for repetition every even ing. ROYAL SURREY THEATRE. MR. FLEXMORE'S BENEFIT. This unequalled comic dancer and master of the pan tomimic art concludes a most successful engagement at the Surrey Theatre on Thursday, the Ist of November, which is appointed for his benefit. After playing afe w nights next month in Paris, Flexmore returns to take the leading part in the Covent Garden panto mime, and we are no true prophets if " the Wizard " and " the inimitable " do not insure a brilliant Christmas season at that splendid theatre. The friends of the popular beneficiaire and his accomplished lady will doubtle:s avail themselves of the opportunity afforded on Thursday evening of giving them "a bump er a t p ar ti ng " a t th e S urre y. The bill of fare compri , esi, among other entertainments, the drama of The Flower Girl, and the ballets of The Spanish Dancers and The Dancing Scotchman, in the latter of which two of Flexmore's young pupils. Miss Eliza Leon, and "la petite Leon," an infant debutante of three years old, will make their first public appearance. LATEST NEWS. RETREAT OF THE RUSSIANS CRIMEA, OCT. 18. Three Sardinian divigions, under the command of General de La Marmora, left their cantonments on the 13th, and marched towards the interior of the Crimea. He had concerted with the allied generals for active operations. The English division, under Sir Colin Camp bell followed them. All the allied army has been ordered to prepare provisions for three days. The Russians are falling back, destroying the roads behind thorn, but the allies soon repair them. BERLIN, SUNDAY. The Russians believe that the presence of the Allied squadrons at the mouth of the Dnieper is intended to cover an attack on Perekop, to le made from Eupatoria. Kheison is to be attacked, they say, to employ the Russian force concentrated at Aleschki, be tween Kherson and Perekop. The visit of Admiral Dundas to the King of Sweden is with the object of obtaining permission for some English ships to winter in Swedish ports. CONSTANTINOPLE, OCT. IS. Twelve thousand horses had left Erzeroun with provisions for Kars. On the 4th inst. Osman Pacha advanced on the road of Soukoum-Kale. Omer Pacha had established his Head-quarters at that place. The Sultan has presented 80,000 piastres to the Sisters of Charity at Recheck. Abd-el-Kader has arrived on his return from France. RUSSIAN DESPATCHES. ST. PETERSBURG, OCT. 26. Nothing new had taken place between Kinburn and Nicolaieff up to yesterday evening. The Allied troops which had left Eupatoria on the 22d returned thither on the 24th. WARSAW, OCT. 25. General 'Anders has just published an order of the day, announcing that, in virtue of instructions from the Emperor, all the battalions of the first levy of the militia of the Emperor have been united to the array of the South, under his (the General's) command. A despatch of Prince Gortchakoff's of the 17tli of October, 9.30 a.m., says :—" The enemy's men-of-war and transports continue to arrive at. Eupatoria. Some of them have troops on board. Three divisions of French occupy the pass com manding the gorge of the Valley of Baidar, and another one is posted behind them in the valley itself. According to reliable accounts the enemy has erected barracks and built earthen huts in the valley, and is now constructing a new, road from the old Chaussee to Mordwinoff's estate, on the Tchernaya. On the mountains of Fedj whin earthen huts are also being constructed, and from thence they are making a road direct to Kamiesh Bay. On the 15th inst. the enemy's fire on the north side of Sebastopol was more heavy than usual. In the other parts of the Crimea nothing of importance has occurred." COPENHAGEN, OCT. 27. Three French gun-boats, on their return from the Baltic to France, have arrived at Elsinore, as well as the English hospital-ship, the Belle-Isle. DANTZIC, OCT. 28. Great part of the Fleet will winter in the Baltic. VIENNA, OCT. 28. A concession, for the Industrial Bank, has been granted to the House of Rothschild and the Prince of Furstenberg. MADRID, OCT. 26. The King, who was slightly indisposed, is better. The agitation among the workmen has completely subsided. The Cortes has rejected a proposition for bringing all offences of the press before a jury. The cholera is decreasing. • THE CAPTURE OF KINBOURN. (From the InvalUle Russe.) The following telegraphic despatch from Nico laieff has been forwarded to St. Petersburg, by order of the Emperor, dated the 17th October : " From the position of the fortress of Kin bourn, which stands on the extreme point of the tongue of land of the same name on the left bank of the lirnau of the Dnieper, the comtnuni cation between it and the Nicolaieff was through OczakoLf only. It was maintained by oared barges, and the optic marine telegraph established at Oczakoff. On the appearance of the enemies' ships before Kinbourn the direct communication was cut off. " From the intelligence received by this tele graph the day before yesterday, yesterday, and to-day, we learn the following :—The fortress of Kiubourn, after having sustained (on the 15th) a heavy cannonade front the enemy's gun-boats, floating batteries, and steam-frigates, replied by a quick and well-directed fire from its guns. At the fall of night the fire ceased on bath sides. "Yesterday (16th) it was resumed and continued throughout the day, but was not so heavy. This morning (17th), at 9 o'clock, 11 steam-frigates and a ship of the line of 90 guns reinforced the enemy's flotilla, and the whole of the ships simul taneously commenced a most violent vertical and horizontal fire on the place. " This feu d'enfer continued till half-past two in the afternoon, when the fortress, in the interior of which all the buildings were in flames, ceased to fire, and the enemy ceased firing also. " At 3 o'clock, two boats, with a flag of truce, approached the fort. Half an hour afterwards, the enemy's troops, a part of the land force that had been disembarked, entered the place. The vessels anchored inside the point moved to the Oczakoff side, and towards the Nicholas battery on the opposite bank, but up to this evening they had not opened their fire." THE CRIMEA. The Russian organs in the press affect to feel as much security with regard to Nicolaieri as it for merly did about Sebastopol. The National Gazette of Berlin, which supports Russian interests, an nounces that the Boug has been rendered impractic able to the extent of several miles by means of materials sunk, infernal machines, and batteries on the coast. Five corps d'artnee, reinforced by mili tia, are to unite iu preventing the Allies from gaining possession of the pl ac e. Notwithstanding all these means of resistance, it appears that the Czar has thought it advisable to change his resi dence, and if the Austrian Correspondent may be credited the Emperor Alexander has already left for Elizabethgrad, situated 130 English miles to the north of Nicolaieff. . The Austrian Gazette contains a letter from Kalish of the 21st, which says :—" All the troops passing through Nicolaieff on their way to the Crimea are reviewed by the Emperor Alexander. Amongst others the Emperor inspected the Hussar regiment of the body guard, which left the Baltic, provinces in August last year with three light regi ments of the guard. Battalions of militia are ar riving daily at Nicolaieff, and are being directed on the Crimea and other points of the Black Sea." A letter, of Ist Oct., from the colony of German Mennonites, near the Sea of Azoff, published in the Berlin Kreuz-Zeitung, says that within the last few days upwards of 1,000 waggons, each drawn by two horses, have passed through with corn and flour for the Russian army in the Crimea ; besides which they carry provisions and provender with them for three weeks' consumption, and are to convey provisions from Perekop to Sitnpberopol. It is said that the nobles have made a present to the Emperor of this large quantity of provisions, and placed the means of conveyance at his dis posal. There can be no doubt of the existence of ►n unknown military road into the Crimea, with an organised system of relays of waggons and horses to transport the sick and wounded into the interior of Russia. In many parts of the coast of the Sea of Azoff the enemy have certainly committed much havoc, but the quantity of grain destroyed is for tunately not so large as might have been expected, and the price of wheat has not risen in consequence, but remains at the former price of 4i roubles per tschetwert. FRANCE. PARIS, SUNDAY EVENING. The Duke and Duchess of Brabant left St. Cloud for Brussels yesterday, at 2 o'clock p.m. Their Royal Highnesses were accompanied by Prince Napoleon to the station of the Northern Railway, where they were received by M. Firmin Rogier, the Belgian Minister, and Baron de Rothschild, President of the Board of Directors: Prince and Princess de Chimay accompanied the Duke and Duchess to Brussels. The Levant mail has reached with intelligence from Constantinople of the 18th. General Vivian was preparing to embark for Kertch, with the re mainder of the Anglo-Turkish Contingent. The Bashi-Bazouks, who are to form part of that corps, had been reviewed by the General, and were shortly to leave for the same destination. Troops con tinued to arrive daily from France. On the 18th 1,200 men of the 64th Regiment of the Line had landed from the Panama steam frigate. The accounts from the Crimea of the 15th pre sented little or no interest. Fresh troops were to be sent to Eupatoria. It was said that the oorps of army operating in that direction would be rein forced by three divisions. The Russians, who at first were alarmed by the agglomeration of the allied troops in that direction, and had considerably in creased the force opposed to them, had subsequently withdrawn them into the interior, as if they wished to avoid a collision. On the other hand, the French corps, which had advanced beyond the Belbek, where it was supposed they intended to take up a position, had been ordered to return to their former quarters on the Tchernaya and in the Valley of Baidar. It was accordingly believed that the allies would confine themselves during winter to attack with vigour the forts situate to the north of Sebastopol, and drive the Russians out of their positions. Preparations to that effect were making, in spite of the attempts of the enemy to retard them by daily increasing the intensity of his fire against the town. Lord Lansdowne has arrived in Paris. BOURSE, OCT. 27, Two o'clock.—The market has been very dull, and rates slightly &dining, as pur chasers of stock apprehend that titles of Rentes and of the new loan will be delivered for transfer at the end c,,f the month. There has also been a slight fall in the other descriptions of securities. The Threes have been done at 64f. 30c. and 64f. 20c. ; Mobilier at I,lBof. sellers ; and Austrian shares from 725 f. to 720 f. Half-past Three.—The Rentes are offered, but without great variation. The following are the last quotations : Cash. fr. a. 4i per Cents 5O .3 per Cents 64 15 New Loan End of Month. —f. —c. Cl 25 64 30 Bank Shares. ... 3200 Roman Credit blobilinr llB3 75 Austrian' Belgian Fives — Spanish Throes Piedmontese B5 Home Debt..... ..., RAILWAYS-IOR CASH. Pr. e Orleans llO5 C. Western . 761 25 Northern Lyons Vediterraneen 1220 Grand Celf,rat 587 50 Long Geneva 660 Teste Cette 667 50 Austrian Com. 720 AUSTRIA. The Vienna Gazette publishes the various finan cial measures relative to the bank of that capital. These measures refer to the cession made by the State of its dcinains to the bank, as payment of its debt, and in consequence of which the bank will be able to withdraw a part of its notes now in cir culation. It will at the same time increase its capital by the issue of 50,000 fresh shares, at the rate of 700 florins per share. The same number of the Gazette contains the official nominations of Baron Von Prokosch-Osten to the post of Austrian internuncio at Constanti nople, instead of Baron von Koller, and the ap pointment of Count von Rechberg to the functions of Austrian envoy at Frankfort. The latter will accordingly be president of the Germanic Diet in lieu of the former. SPAIN. MADRID, Oct. 21.—Senor Madoz, who is the especial champion of Catalan interests, has had a conference with the President of the Council of Ministers on the subject of tariff reform, which the new Tariff Board has been appointed to report upon. It is stated that at this conference the Duke de la Victoria gave assurances to Senor Madoz, that while it was certainly the intention of the Govern ment to bring forward a measure of tariff reform in a liberal sense, the Catalan interests should be re spected. It is, therefore, probable that whatever reductions may be made on some articles of the present tariff, there will be little change attempted as regards such branches of goods as are manu factured, or are believed to be manufactured, to any amount in Catalonia. The Tariff Board has suspended its meeting, which was to have taken place yesterday, till the 24th, It has agreed to propose some reduction in the duties levied on foreign paper ; that woollen goods shall pay duties by weight, instead of `mea sure, and that mixed goods, in which wool, silk, or linen predominates, shall be taxed according to the amount of the respective materials that enter into their composition. It is expected that the duties on goods and linens will be c'iscu7sed at the next meet ing of the board. It is reported that the Carlist chief Estartus has entered the Spanish territory from France at the head of 100 men. A telegraphic despatch from Saragossa, dated yesterday evening, states that a despatch had been received at Lerida from Briga dier Rios, dated Pons, the 17th, to the effect that the Carlist party in that province had been com pletely disorganised. The Duke and Duchess of Montpensier are ex pected at Seville by the end of this month on their return from abroad. There were 109 new cases of cholera yesterday and 84 deaths, 62 of which were of persons attacked on that day. The authorities are said to have re solved to try the effect of discharges of cannon and of fires in the streets. To-day being Sunday the Bolsa was closed, and there are no transactions out of doors. In fact, these matters are quite paralysed at present. AMERICA. LIVERPOOL, SUNDAY. The United States Mail steamer Pacific, Captain !. Nye, arrived in the Mersey this morning at four o'clock, from New York, with th e usual mails, 148 passengers, and a small amount—about 4001.—in specie. The Pacific left New York on tho 17th, and brings four days later news than that brought by the North Star to Cowes on Saturday. From Washington we learn that Mr. Mason, Minister to France, will be recalled if he cannot satisfactorily explain his attendance at the Te Deum in Notre Dame in honour of the fall of Sebastopol. Great rejoicings are taking place among the admi nistration people on account of the recent election in Pennsylvania, which has gone largely demo cratic. The statement that Mr. Buchanan has been in structed to request the recall of Mr. Crampton is denied. Dr. Kane arrived at Washington on the 15th, and upon special invitation proceeded, in company with the Secretary of the Navy, to the White House, wh ere h e was introduced to the President and the members of the Cabinet, who were all pre sent. After a brief interchange of complimenls, the gallant doctor retired, and in the afternoon took the cars for the north. He has made an im portant correction in his official report of the ex pedition, which alaould read that a surfaco of 3,000 miles, instead of 300 square miles of open sea, free from ice, &c., had been discovered. The trial of Wagner, charged with violating the neutralii y laws by enlisting a man named Cook for service in the Crimea, was commenced on the 12th in the United States District Court, before Judge In gerson. This is the first case tried for this offence in this court, and is looked to with great interest. There was a great array of counsel engaged for the defence—Hon. Ogden Hoffman, Attorney-General; ex-judge Beebe, Mr. Carpenter, and Mr. Fullerton. ,Mr. Charles Edwards was in court watching the proceedings, as standing counsel of the British con sulate in this city. The district attorney, Mr. M'Keon, appeared for the prosecution. The jury found the prisoner guilty. The penalty is not more than $l,OOO fine, and three year.' imprison ment. The case will be argued on points of law. It appears that an absurd report had prevailed that Santa Anna is in Washington. The New York Jerald says : "Our correspondent at Matamoros, Mexico, now In the camp of the Liberating Army of the North,' situ ated forty miles from that city, sends us three most in teresting and important letters, dated at the la-teamed place on Sept. 4, 14, and 24. G.ivernor Vidaurri, com mander-in-chief, had decreed the adoption of the Ceballos tariff 'in a popularly modified shape, and the pots of Matamoros and Tampico were, in consequence, closed against foreign commerce until the promulgation of more defiuite instructions. Vidaurri had also ordered, on the 21st of August, that the name of ever► man belonging to the army of Santa Anna should be struck from the military rolls of the country, and that the officers should be held responsible as 'criminals- and malefactors' for the deeds done and blood shed in the dictator's name. The city of Zacatecas had revolted, and General Garza had entered San Luis Potosi at the head of 3,000 frontier men. Santa Anna's generals, Gutian, Cruz, and Parrodi thereupon fled to Guadalajara. On 30th Aug. a squadron of General Won's cavalry came out from Matamoros, and met a detachment, consisting of 200 seen, of Garza's army, near La Viedra, when a bloody battle ensued, in which the revolutionary forces triumphed. On both sides 44 men were killed and over 30 wounded. Of Santa Anna's party three officers were killed. General 'Poll was summoned to surrender Ma tamoros, which he refused to do, but after a very anxious time, and witnessing the complete demoralisation of the garrison, he tot ned over the command to Gen. Castro, and fled from the city, on the night of the 7th ultimo, to Brownsville, where he sought the protection of Major Giles Porter, of the United States army, at Fort Brown. \Volt took with him 70,100 dollars from the military cheat, imitating Santa Anna to the letter." We learn from Havannah, under date of the Bth inst., that despatches had been received from Mad, rid condemning the action of General Concha in maintaining the volunteers of the island in arms d uring a time of peace and quiet. By way of San Francisco we have important news from Japan. While the representatives of France, England, and Russia have been engaged in negotiating treaties with the Japanese, the Gover nor of Simado has issued a proclamation denying the right of Americans to reside in Japan, except in cases of shipwreck or distress, thus practically repudiating the treaty entered into with the United States, and reducing the rights of its citizens to the mere privilege of visiting the ports of the king dom as harbou-s of refuge. There had been two arrivals at New York from . California by the steamers Northern Light and Em pire City, with dates to the 20th ult. The news is somewhat important and startling. Previous ad vices left the people of the Pacific State quietly depositing their ballots for the choice of rulers, and we are now enabled to give the result of their votes. It will surprise many, no doubt, to learn that Mr. J. Neely Johnson, the Know-nothing candidate for governor, has defeated Governor Bigler by . about 5,000 majority, and that the whole American State ticket is elected. The Know-nothings have also secured a majority in the State Leaislature, which knocks Gwin's chances for the United States Senate into the shade, and secures one more American, at least, to that body. The cholera broke out among the passenger s on b oar d t h e Nica ragua steamer Uncle Sam, on her passage up to . San Francisco, and before she arrived in port 106 fell victims to the fearful disease. COMMERCIAL. NEW YORK, OCT. 16. The tightness of the money market which was re marked a week shine is now considerably relieved. This change is the result of a cessation for the present, 'of specie shipments to Europe, and of the customary re ceipts (fully 2,000.000 dols. this week) of coin from the P :cific side. We rind to•day a better facility of obtain ing loans on call and discounts on business paper. The banks to-day have discOunted liberally, and will pro bably show a Small increase in the aggregates at the close of the week. In freights we hear of to Liverpool, 8000 brig. flour at 44. ; about 30,000 bushels grain at 104 d. to 204 d.; 800 a , ..34 cotton at g- d , and rosin at 4s. The steamer has 1000 brls. apples at 5s ; 300 packages india rubber goods at 00s ; 300 tree lard at 605.; 1000 boxes cheese at 695. In the cotton market there is very little business doing. The market for brea,dstuffs was dell. It is said that many of the orders .eut by the English and French Go vernments still remain unexecuted, as they are limited to a figure below the present rates. AUSTRALIA We have received by the Ballarat our Australian letters and journals to the 15th August. The political intelligence from Victoria is not important. All parties were waiting the arrival of the new Constitution. The quantity of gold received at Melbourne in the week ending the 4th of August was 42,297 ounces ; in the week to the 11th of August 40,645 ounces. The price remains at 31. 16s. 6d. per ounce. Drafts against gold are at par. Freight of gold is 4.1 d. per ounce. Insurance 2i per cent. The price of flour is declining. Fine qualities a►re from 441. to 451. per ton of 2,000 lb. ; seconds 401. to 431. ; wheat at the mills is bought at 16s. and 17s. per bushel. THE POSITION OF GORTSCHA.KOFF AND lIIS ARMY. The Paris correspondent of the Morning Post says : "It appears from various reports of the German journals that the troops which entered Odessa, when that town was threatened by the allied fleets, have since been marched off again to Kherson and Nicolaieff. The Emperor himself is directing the disposition of his forces, and the defence of the two remaining grand depots of the Black Sea, these points evidently immediately occupying the attention of the enemy. It is to save the marine resources of the empire that the Czar Alexander, like the Czar Nicholas, is most anxious. The defeat of an army is not so much felt as the loss of a ship, and those maritime resources on which the traditional ambition of Russia must depend for future conquest. Now, as I have before ventured to remark, judging from the various public information which reaches Paris through the German journals, it is very questionable if the Allies will trouble the enemy at all at either of these two points. It is clear enough that the allied generals' game is strategical, and the enemy is so situ ated that he must fall into one or other of the traps. If Gortechakoff leaves the north side of Sebastopol and retreats on Simpheropol, he can scarcely hope to cross the Belbek and Alma without risking a battle ; and it is Tro bab!y on the wisdom of an operation of this nature that the grand council of war was held the other day in the presence of the Emperor. But supposing again that the Rus-ian General succeeds in reaching Simpheropol with the reek of an army, the Allies will yet cut off his communi cations with Perekop by the advanced troops which we know have pushed on from Eupatoria. Then, %gain, our position at Kinburn paralyses the connecting gat of the peninsula, and will certainly prevent the Rus. sians from advancing to secure the beleaguered army corps of the Crimea. Then, again, Ilthe winter is rapidly approaching, and the steppes of the Crimea will become nothing but a huge grave-yard for any troops which may attempt to cross them. On the whole then we conclude the allies are in a favourable position and the enemy in a very depkrable one. Meanwhile, what is Russia doing! The militia of the vast empire is brought up to the scene of action to fill the gaps of war and disease in the disheart ned Russian army. The Russian generals of the Crimea pro claim to the Muscovite legions that "they will notretreat whilstan enemy is on Russian ground." The north forts of Sebastopol discharge their shot and shell; new works are thrown up, and convoys are seen leaving Prince Gortschakoff's present position 1 Probably then it has been decided within the last few days that the army cannot hold its ground,. and when th e l as t long line of carts are winding their way in the stillness of night through the gloomy gorges of the Belbek, the Crimea will be shook with another state suicide as the northern forts are blown up, and scatter the ground with the fragments of barbarian ambition. Public attention will then be directed to the advanced French lines on the Belbek ; the forces which are closing in from Eupatoria, and more especially, perhaps, to operations of which Kinburn will be the central point. ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS. —The followingio. timer:, having undergone the nec essary examination • for the diploma, were admitted members of the collep at the meeting of the Court of Examiners on the 26. k inst.:—Messrs. Benjamin William Hall, army ; William Carr, Gomersal, Leeds ; Frederic William Grange , ,, army; John Winter Dryland, Newbury, Berkshire; John Alexander Harvey, Kingston, Canada West; W 1. liana Townsend Storrs, Church Missionary Society, China.; David Preachy, Calcutta ; John Stevenson, Gateshead ; Francis Joseph Dowling, Chew-Manna, Somersetshire ; Joseph Allk-n, Stradbrook, Suffolk; Edmund RoLinson, Birminettann • Edward Thomas Ft I. Egham,niv ill, Surrey ; Frederick' James Pettingi.l, Calcutta ; Edward Phelan Forrest, army ; and Franc e Henry Wilson Iles, Ilinbrook-hill, Louth, Lincolnshiri.. At the earns meeting of the Court Mr. Edward Adn:me passed his examination fir naval surgeon. This gen,tle• man had previously been admitted a member of the col. lege, hie diploma bearing date April 16, 1847.