The Sun. — London, England, 1842-04-28 00:00:00

FT' btvb ~Thotlyrtiji , ti U 2. Sere, rt. o' Clock. SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS. (FROM THE EVENING PAPERS OF THIS DAY.) GLOBE.—It must be admitted that the proposal of extending to land the existing taxes on the succes sion to personal property is not at present what can be called a practical question ; that is to say, it is not a question there is much practical prospect of carrying. -Neither is it what can •be called • a party question. There are conscious and unconscious landed predilec tions on both sides the House. Lord John Russell and Lord Howick showed no alacrity to • extend im ...posts on inheritance. Sir R. Peel on the other hand, showed no uncomprising front against it on principle. "This, therefore, must be regarded as an open question, - demanding discussion, and which must be matured by that process for ultimate settlement. It appears to us, however, that Mr. Elphinstone was perfectly justi fied in bringing it under consideration at the mo ment he did. For what is that moment ? It is that at which Parliament are just about to .impose most unequal taxation, by most inquisi torial machinery, on the profits of trade and in dustry. Surely that was -the moment, it any, to recal- its attention to the fact that existing taxes are not equally extended to all classes ! " The House," says the .Post, " had just agreed to tax landed property by sevenpence in the pound Upon the income derived from it, when up starts this philosopher to propose a new tax upon the same description of property." And why not, pray, if this new tax is merely equivalent to other taxes already levied on other property, and from which land is un duly exempted ? The House is going to lay a new tax on all income as well as landed. It is going a step farther—just where arrested by Mr. Elphin stone. It is going to extend its new tax to pro ceeds of capital which are not net income. It is going to tax, as income, funds which are clearly des 'tined to replace capital. Before it consummates this in justice against other classes than those which prepon derate so decidedly at present in Parliament, is it not fair to ask it to begin by justice against its own class ? Would it not call with a better grace for contributions w h i ' s -th really encroach upon capital, if it could first point to a voluntary sacrifice of an unjust privilege? With what degree of decency will it tax traders on more than their income, after deciding that the public revenue shall continue less than its just amount by exempting from taxation the descent to property of their own order? ATANDARD.—TIie Southampton Committee has made the proper use of the advice tendered to it, and Alr. Fleming has not been pressed for the answer which the Committee had no legal right to compel, and w hi c h,- uncompelled, he could not give without a violation of confidence. We hail this return to the sound legal path with satisfaction, not only as proof that the Committee's error in the first instance was merely an error of misconception, but also as affording a precedent which must render the acts of this and other Committees more efficient, by snaking those acts more sober and considerate, and. the Committees more respectable and more re spected. Many projects are offered from day to 'day, having for their object the prevention of corrup tion ; but, questionless, good Committees for the trial of controverted elections, present the most natural, the most simple, and the most constitutional preiientiVe. When men are taught, as such Com mittees will teach them in a little time, that they toast probably throw away the money . which they expend in bribery; few will be so foolish as to ven ture in a lottery so unpromising. We much doubt whether, if the writs were issued to-morrow, any purse laden adventurer would be found to take the chance of Sudbury or Ipswich. It is no doubt proper to punish the corrupting candidate and the corrupted elector, and to punish them as severely as the laws will permit—and such exemplary punishments, co operating with the diminution- of the chances of ,Alecess and of impunity, would go further in check ing corruption than the ballot or fifty projects of the kind ; but we are not to be told at this time of day that it is the certainty of failure and punishment, and not merely the severity of the latter, that prevents crime—indeed the certainty of failure is a more. powerful dissuasive than even the certainty of punishment after success. We hear every day of men committing crimes, the punishment of which is manifestly inevitable ; but we never hear Of men out of Bedlam attempting impossibilities. The most .desperate housebreaker never dreams of committing a burglary upon the Bank of England ; its walls, its 5 2oeks, and its watchmen, more than serve the purpose of penal laws in protecting that establishment. The reason • why a •manifest impossibility, or even a great impro- Lability of success, operates more effectually to prevent .crime than the utmost dread of punishment, is obvious without any metaphysical research. Oppor , *illy is, of all the agents of the Evil One, the most successful tempter ; but manifest impossibilities or 1;y ,inprobabilities, shut out the sense of oppor 'faulty, and. thus do what the fear of punishment can merely do—arrest the very first movements to crlinie. How does it happen that nobody has ever yet made his way into the House of Commons ifpon .t forged return? The thing could be effected with _less ft-cttle and expense than a return by bribery; nt. it Could not be visited with a heavier punishment —not, as we imagine, with so heavy a punishment. The reason is, because the enterprise, though it might succeed for a day or two, would be sure to fail in the end. Now, let the same certainty of failure attend a return obtained by bribery, and you will no more have such returns than you will have forged returns. SEVENTY-SECOND REGIMENT. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. stll,- - I beg to correct a mistake in your paper of yesterd:ty respecting the statement given by a Corre spondent of the 7Sth Highlanders. The regiment first known as ~ .Lord Seafortle," Highlanders is the present 72d Regiment, the corps which. your Correspondent has reference to. 111? - father served in the above regiment, and entered it when . 4 irst raised, and I myself was also in the same corps. For a correct and interesting sketch of the turn out on Leith Link 3 I refer your readers to an article in Criambers' Edinburgh Journal, headed " An Edinburgh Fire-side Story," which appeared about three years ago. —Yours, respecfully. . W. C. INCOME TAX. The folhiwing address has been very generally cir culated at Norwich and the neighbourhood CLIIZANS AND TRADESMEN,—The Bill for enforcing the ,Iniquitous tax is now printed. It behoves y.;u to look to its provisions before its burdens are :rtmovably fixed upon you. Schedule D is atl that concerns you as tradesmen. It. is a charge of 21. 18s. 4d. per cent. upon the profits derived from any profestl". tra e, employment, or vocation (the amount of which is 1504 and upwards). No man so circumstanced can escape. Is a matter ais you as individuals. The uncertain pro_ s of trade, deli' -ling upon health and exertions, are taxed equally with the pernment produce of real and funded pro perty. A man who earns 1. -I ° ol . a year by his industry, has no capital, and who probaby will !Rave his family unprovided for, is charg ed , the same with a man Om has 5,0001. at interest, which he can live upon, and leave be:Jutl him, for the main tenance of his family. Observe ! You must deliver in the account of your profits, or pay a penalty of 201. and treble the amount of the dOt; for which you are liable. If you Fend in your account, and it is not deemed satisfactory, yeu will he examined by the Commissioners, (probably your rival tradesmen,) whose questions, as to capital, returns, losses. se., you must answer in writing, and be sworn to, if required. if your assessment be then increased, you will be liable to pay treble duty. If the oath be false, you will be liable to the penalties of perjury. Where is your hope of escape? Again observe! How are your profits to be estimated? Mark the very words of the Act. • No sum shall lie deducted from such profits or gains, fur any sum employed, or intended to be employed as Capital in such trzde. ~N or for any capital employed in improvement of premises occupied for the purposes of such trade. Nor on account of any interest which might have been made • on such sums, if laid out at interest. .4. Nor fin . any debts, except such debts, or such parts thereof, as shali.be proved to the satisfaction of the Com missioners !to be irrecoverable and desperate." That's not all 1 Mark the climax ! " to estimating the amount of profits, no deduction shall be made on account of any annual interest, or any annuity, or annual payments, payable out of such profits or gains." Men of Capital ! whether your own or on loan ! Trades men, who require the utmost farthing of your profits—Pause ! consider! and then be active to avert this enormous injustice! Or will you bt nd your necks to the yoke, in spite of A WARNING, VOICE ! NATIONAL CONVENTION. (THIS DAY.) The Convention met this morning at nine o'clock, at the Dr. Johnson Tavern, Feet-street. Mr. DUNCAN took the chair. The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed. A great number of letters were read from different parts of the country, enclosing signatures to be added to the National PAition. The petition already numbers three milions of sig natures. N ) other besine,s came before the Convention. Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow. The following is a. copy of the Address lately agreed to by the Convention t o the peopl e o f Great Britain : " Fellow Countrymen,—'The members of the National . . Con vention, in the rep ort s m ade by them of the present position and future prospect of the Chartist cause, have stated that touch excitement prevails in vario us parts of the country, con cerning the different movements directed ag4inst the present system of government. brad the particular line of action we have adopted for the attainment of our principles; we, there fore, conceive it to be our duty to give yo u war advice as to the proper course which should be p urs u ed in re gard to these di visions. It is our unanimous op inion, ado p te d after mature deliberation, that you go on with your present movement for the People's Charter, whole and entire, FIRMLY AD HExiNG EVEN TO THE NAME. " Extert your present organisation in England, and Scot land, and Wales. Unite your energies for an attainment of that object for which you have so nobly struggled during many years, amidst reviling, persecutions, and misrepresenta tion. Turn neither to the right hand nor to the left. Ksep the even tenor of your way on principle alone. Extend the right handof cordial welcome to men of all ranks, creeds, to induce them to unite with great you in theclasses, and struggle tor national regeneration and enfranchisement. " The People's Charter has become a household word . its principles are engraven on the hearts of millions of our fellow.. countrymen ; and the name is endeared by the recollections of the long sufferings endured, and perseverance exhibited, in its behalf. Amidst adversity and prosperity, in the hours of per secution and distress, we scorned to deny it, and are not dis posed to abandon it now, when its banners wave triumphant over all other national standards. Each succeeding day makes converts to your principles, proving to the distressed of all glasses that it is only through their truth and justice that they can be freed from the errors and wrongs of class legislation. As the process of conviction and conversion goes on amongst those that have been hitherto opposed to you, various offers of union and support will be proposed to you, modified, according to the knowledge, prejudices, feelings, and position in life in which the , parties may be placed. Some will only perceive, or acknowledge, your principles in part; others will acknowledge them entire, but object to your designation of them, or the man ner in which you stru gg l e t o a tt a i n th em . T o t he first, your answer must be your conviction of the truth of your cause, and your hope that time and honest inquiry will im press that truth on them ; to the others, that you have no cause to be ashamed of your name, and cannot abandon it to suit the prejudices and fastidious taste of those that may ever and anon arise to find fault with it, while they adopt the principles it designates. A name to be fairly judged, ought to be so by the principles it represents, and not by the actions of any person or persons that may have borne it ; for those that act not in ac cordance with the principles, are not entitled to the name : therefore, those that adopt our principles, and shrink at their name, evince a weakness of mind which we lament, as show ing them unequal to the stern and unbending purpose which should nerve the patriot in his contest against wrong sustained by prejudice, falsehood, and persecution. " We look to you, then, fellow-countrymen, to proceed wisely and firmly in the work in which we are engaged; keep your present organisation, adding to it the power that increased experience gives you, remembering that on each and all of you rest the responsibility of making your principles and their name respected in your own persons. Go on, then, in the even c.ursc of justice and right—hail with pleasure all movements based on the Charter that may arise to assist you in attaining your objects. If men are so weak as to object to y‘ur name, bear vvith them— quarrel not with them about a name ; but do not imitate their weakness by abandoning your own; insist on a stern adherence to principles; let these be your guide; watch earnestly for any wavering or compromise in those that profess to be with you for yours—then, and not till then, condemn and resolutely oppose them, but let all your opposition to your foes be guided by mild firmness, appealing to the truth of your cause for suc cess; have faith in that truth, and rest assured that, if the people honestly do their duty it will triumph over falsehood, wrong, and oppression." IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT. (THIS EVENING.) HOUSE OF LORDS. Their Lordships met shortly before Five o'Clock. Several Priva6! Bills were advanced a stage. Lord Mahon, and others from the Commons, brought up the Copyright Bill, the Huish Champflower Enclosure Bill, the Glasgow and Redburn Bridge Bill, the Shef field, Ashton, and Manchester Railway Art Amendment Bill, the Nottingham Improvement Bill, the London and BlachWall Railway Bill, and several other Private Bills, which were severally read a first time. 'CLIENT LAWS. Lord CAMPBELL, in the absence of the Marquis of Breadulbane, presented seven petitions from various places in Scotland, against any duty in the importation of Corn ; and two petitions from the Counties of Down and Londonderry, for a revision of the law relating to Mixed Marriages. LAW OF EVIDENCE IMPROVEMENT BILL. Lord I)ENMAN said, he wished to mention the order of the day for the Law of Evidence Improvement Bill, and as there was some difference of opinion on the sub ject, instead of the Bill being reported to-day, he begged to move that it be referred to a Select Committee on Monday.—Agreed to. The Committee was then appointed, and the Home adjourned. HOUSE OF COMMONS. The SPEAKER took the Chair at the usual hour. LICHFIELD ELECTION. Mr. DIVETT, as Chairman of the Committee, ap pointed to try the merits of the petition, against the re turn for the Borough of Lichfield, reported to the House, that Lord Archibald Paget was duly electei to serve in the present Parliament for the said Borough. BLACKBURN ELECTION. Sir EDMUND HAYES, as Chairman of the Com mittee appointed to try the merits of the petition against the return for the Borough of Blackburn, reported to the House that Mr. llornby was duly elected to serve in the present Parliament for the said Borough. LONDON AND BLACKWALL RAILWAY. On the motion of Mr. T. DUNCOMBE, the Bill for altering and amending the London and Blackwall Rail way Bill was read a third time and passed, after the ad dition of a clause by way of rider, to compel steamboats to land their passengers at Brunswick wharf. PRIVATE BILLS. The Huish Champflower Inclosure Bill ; the Glasgow and Redburn Bridge Road Bill ; the Sheffield, Ashton under-Lyne, and Manchester Railway Bill ; and the Great Torrington Market Bill, were severally read a third time and passed. The Bromyard Roads Bill ; the Argyll Roads Bill ; the Wicklow Harbour Bill ; and the Bill for Incorpbr ating the North American Colonial Association of Ire land, were severally read a second time and passed. THE TARIFF. Mr. MUNTZ presented a petition from the tanners, boot and shoemakers. and persons concerned in the leather tratle of Birmingham, against the reduction of the duty on foreign manufactured leather. COLLEGE OF AIAYNOOTH. Mr. PLC INIPTEE presented several petitions, signs d by upwards of 4,0C0 people, and thirty-five petitions from Wedeyan congregations, against any further drat t to the College of 3faynooth. _BETTER OBSERVANCE 01' THE SABBATH. Mr. NEILL presented a petition praying the House to pays come legislative enactment for the better observ ance of the Sabbath. NATIONAL EDUCATION (IRELAND). Colonel ACTON presented severa,l petitions from places in Ireland, against the present system of National Education, and approving of, the plan proposed by the Church Education Society. INCOME-TAX. Mr. GREENE presented petitions from the attornys and solicitors of Lancaster, complaining of the stamp-du ties which they had to pay, and praying that in the In come-tax Bill provisions may be made suitable to their peculiar position. Mr. CHRISTOPHER presented a petition from Port Phillip, in New South Wales, signed by upwards of 1,000 inhabitants, praying for a local Government independent of the Government of Sydney. Mr. BLEWITT presented a petition from the rope makers of the port of London against the proposed altera tions in the tariff affecting their trade. Mr. lIOGG presented a petition from the Mechanics' Institute of Beverley, praying that places employed for the instruction of adults might be exempted from the payment of rates and taxes. CHURCH EDUCATION SOCIETY. SnAW presented some petitions from Dovrn and Antrim, praying for aid for the erection of schools in connexion with the Church Education Society. BUI)E LIG 11T. Mr. HODGSON HINDE presented a petition from a gcntleman whose name did not reach the gallery, stating that the was the inventor of the Bude Light, and that hearing a Select Committee was about to report to the House on the remuneration to be given to Mr. Gurney, for the benefit his Bude-light lamps had done the House, he (the petitioner) prayed that his petition might be referred•to the same Committee, in order that he might have an opportunity of establishing his claim. ATTORNEY'S CERTIFICATES DUTIES. Mr. S. WORTLEY presented a petition from some attorneys in the West Riding of Yorkshire, praying for the abolition of the duties payable yearly on attorney's certificates. READING ELECTION COMMITTEE. The Members selected to try the merits of the peti tion against the late return for this borough, were sworn in as follows :—Mr. C. W. Hogg, Chairman ; Lord Sey inour, the Hon. Henry Howard, Mr. Charles Boller, Ni,.. W. T.Egerton, Mr. T. W. Brimstone. Th e ( 77!unmittee will commence their sittings at eleven o'clock to-m0 . .7 0 w. PE NRY ELECTION COMMITTEE. The following lion. Sentlemen were called over as the Members of this Committee :—Mr. G.,T. Brooke, the Hon. R. 0. Cave, Mr. C. Wood, Major C. Cumming Bruce, Mr. J. Hardy, Mr. G. P. Scrope, Mr. C.W. Pack. Major C. Bruce did not answer, and the swearing was put off a short time. Captain PECHELL presented a petition from twenty ,solicitors of Brighton, praying that in cafe an Income tax should be imposed, they might b e exempt from 'the annual stamp duties ; also a petition from Daniel Phillips, of New Sarum, praying that as the half of the duty on corn was now taken off, that the other half might also be taken off.—(Laughter.) Sir H. H. INGLIS presented a petition from the in cumbent of Kingston, in Gloucestershire, praying the ' House to amend or repeal the Tithe Commutation Act, and complaining of the conduct of the Tithe Commis sioners in Gloucester. Mr. W. ,AILLES presented a petition from the At torneys of Soniersetshire praying to be exempt from the operation of the Income-tax. PENRYN AND FALMOUTH ELECTION. The :..lembers appointed to try the merits of a peti tion cOinplainint , of an undue election for the Boroughs of Penryn and Falmouth, were then called up to the table and sworn ;: Major Cumming Bruce, who was absent when the names were first called over, having since entered the House. The Committee was appointed to meet at one o'clock to-morrow. SOUTHAMPTON ELECTION COMMITTEE. Mr. REDINOTON brought up a Report from the Southampton Election Committee, stating that William bons Nabson having disregarded the Speaker's warrant, orderin , ' , him to attend before the Committee appointed to try the merits of a petition complaining of undue election for the Borough of Southampton, and to bring with him certain documents in his possession, he (Mr Redington) as Chairman of that Committee had com mitted the said William Roils Nabson to the custody of the Sergeant-at Arms, to await the pleasure of the House. He was sorry, on the part of this Committee, to be Obliged to appeal to the House. In the present instance the party having been ordered, by the Speaker's war rant, to produce certain docuinents, which the Com mittee considered material, had not either produced those documents, or assigned any adequate reason for not producing them. In consequence, no other course was left for the Committee than to appeal to the House to enforce the Speaker's warrant. He , therefor e, as Chairman of the Committee, begged leave to move that William Eons Nabson be committed to the gaol of Newgate. Sir V. BLAKE seconded the motion. Mr. BUCK, as a member of the Committee, dissented THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, APRIL 1841 from the resolution come to by it, and protested n.ainst the course. now adoptel. Mr. GODSON did not know whether, before the House came to a decision on the matter, he was in order in mentioning what had occurred in the Committee. He had been informed by the Speaker that no portion of the evidence could be mentioned, but he was not aware whether he could not mention the kind of docu ment respecting which it was supposed the Speaker's summons had been disobeyed. The SPEAKER said, that the Hon. 3jember had no right to refer to the document, when it was not before the House. Mr. GODSON said, that as he could not mention the do cument, for the same reason he presumed he could not men tion the excuse which the witness made for not producing it. He was not to be permitted to know that the document was. not of any use at all ; but he was entitled to say, _ _ that, in his opinion, the document was of no value, aid that if it were not the excuse for not producing it was as good as a man could give. The SOLICITOR-GENERAL understood that the ground upcn which the witness was to be committed was that he had disobeyd the warrant. Now he thought it was essentially necessary that the House should see the warrant, that they should know when the witness was served with it, and upon what grounds it hail been disobeyed, before a warrant was issued for the committal to Newgate. As it was a contempt of the House itself, and of the authority of the Speaker, they would know under what circumstances the dis obedience had taken place. He would suggest therefore, that the witness should be called to the bar of the House, and interrogated as to the grounds of his disobedience to the warrant. Mr. REDINGTON said be had no desire that the witness should be treated more harshly than the forms of the House required. He was perfectly willing to withdraw his motion in favour of the suggestion of the Hon. and Learned Gentleman. The HON. MENBER then withdrew his motion, and proposedin its stead that the Clerk of the Southampton Election Committee be called to the bar to produce the Speaker's warrant requiring the attendance of William Rous Mabson before that Committee. Shortly afterwards the Clerk of the Committee pro duced the Speaker's warrant for the attendance of Wm. Rous Nabson at the Southampton Election Committee. The warrant having been read by the Clerk at the table, Mr. REDINGTON then) moved that William Rous Nabson should be brought to the bar of the House. The SOLICITOR-GENERAL doubted whether the warrant summoning the witness was regular, inasmuch as it was dated in September 1841.—(Hear, hear.) Sir G. GREY said if this objection prevailed it would relieve the House from the trouble of trying any of the election petitions.—(Hear.) His Learned Friend must be aware that all the election petitions were presented in the short session in the autumn of 1841, and the warrants of the Speaker were issued at that time.—(Hear, hear.) He was quite surprised at, the objection , of his Learned Friend. The SOLICITOR-GENERAL had made no objection on the ground referred to by the Right Hon. Gentleman; but he doubted whether the warrant was regular; if it was not, the party could not be imprisoned. He was not aware whether the summons was regular or not. The SPEAKER said his attention was drawn to the point at the close of last Session ; he then stated that it was quite a new thing, and be tock the best means of informing himself on the subject, having taken the ad vice of the proper law officer appointed by the House to assist the Speaker, and he had assured him that he con sidered the warrant to be a regular warrant, and upon that opinion he had acted. The motion was then carried, and the Sergeant ordered to bring Mr. W. Rous Nabson to the bar of the House. Having appeared at the bar; the following questions were put. to him : The SPEAKER—Do you remember on the 13th day of September last, receiving a warrant from this house, requiring your attendance before the Committee appointed to try the Southamp ton petition, and by which you were required to produce before that Committee all books, documents, writings, printed papers, bills, receipts, and orders for the pa 3 went of money, referring to the last South ampton election do. When were those documents last in your possession ? —I can't say exactly, but within the last three months. Have you brought them before the Committee ?—I have not. Why have you not ?—Because I incautiously sent them to the Chairman of the Election Committee, and it appears that he does not acknowledge the receipt of them. Mr. THESIGER—Who was the Chairman, and what was his name ?—Captain Ward. Sir G. GREY—How long after you received the Speaker's warrant did you send these papers to Captain Ward ? Three or four months after the 13th of September. Sir G. GREY—What made you part with them ? I did it incautiously, and lost sight of the Speaker's war rant altogether. Sir G. GREY—Did you apply personally or by letter to enable you to comply with the Speaker's warrant ? No ; I am not prepared with anything of the kind. I made no application of the kind. Sir G. GREY—What makes 3ou say that Captain Ward does not acknowledge the receipt. of the papers ? —I have been told by a friend from Southampton to-day that Capt, Ward says he knows nothing about them. An Hox. MEMBER—Who did you send to Capt. Ward by ?—I sent a messenger to ask for them, but I don't know his name. Mr. C. BULLER—What documents did you send ? A cheque-book, and two or three little bills which I paid on account of the election. Mr. C. 1.11151..LE11--Did you send them by Capt. Ward's desire ? No ;it was my own idea. The ATTORNEY-GENERAL 7 IIow came you pos . sessed of the papers ; I paid some bills and rem - ained in possession of a list of them ; having understood that all the rest of the papers were sent to Captain Ward, I sent him these. The ATTORNEY-GENERAL—Who directed you to pay . these bills ?—The bills were paid from the Con servative Association.. The ATTORNEY-GENERAL—Had Captain Ward anything to do with it?—No. The 'A.TTORNE)."-GENERAL—This was on the 13th of September, have you since that day had any par ticular note or memorandum of the documents necessary to be produced before the Committee ?—Not since. The ATTORNEY-GENERAL—You were called before the Committee thcr other da ; had you any inti nation of the particular documents you have to bring ? Not the least. The ATTORNEY-GENERAL--Had you any op portunity of inquiring-to what documents would be ne cessary ?—None. The ATTORNEY-GENERAL—Had he understood that since the 13th of September no person has given you any information as to what papers you were to bring with you ?—Not the slightest. The ATTORNEY-GENERAL—When the papers were asked for before the Committee was that the first intimation you had that you were to produce them ?—lt was. Mr. O'CONNELL—Have you given up all the papers ?- - ST es. Mr. O'CONNELL—Then a memorandum specifying what papers you were to produce would be perfectly useless. Mr. GODSON—In the margin of the cheque book you mention, was there anything more than the date, sum, and name of the person to whom it was paid ? Nothing more. Mr. GODSON—Was; that the same sum as appeared - on the bank-book, When produced before the Committee? An Hos. - ML:untut objected to this question as the witness was incapable of answering it, and he was then ordered to withdraw. A short conversation here ensued between Mr. Jarvis and Mr. Godson; respecting the correspondence between a cheque and the counterfoil, but as the Hon. Gentlemen seemed to have, misunderstood each other, we do not give the details. " Mr. Nabson was then ordered to the Bar again. Mr. GODSON—are you sure that nothing more than the date of the sum of money, and the name A. 8., which would be in the body, appeared in the counterfoil ? —I am certain of it. An IIoN. MEMBER—Did the counterfoil correspond with the body of the cheque ?—Precisely. Mr. THESIGER—What notice did you receive to attend the Committee ?—1 received a notice on Monday night from Mr. Sharp, the solicitor, of Southhamp ton, quite suddenly. I was in London at the time. Mr. JACKSON—If you were at home when you re ceived the notice, do you think you would have recollected those papers?—l am certain I should. Mr. O'CONNELL—Can you procure these decu ments?—l cannot say. Do you say that you cannot?-- I don't know. Then you may?—l may possibly. By Mr. C. WOOD—To whom did you give these documents ?—I gave them to some of my people. To 1% Inch of them ?—I cannot swear to which of them. Where ?—ln my own shop. I have some fifteen or sixteen people in my employment. Are the same people in your employment now ? No. Nut all of them. Can you ascertain the names of the people ?—I might do so by inquiry. By Air. WATSON—Have you never spoken to Cap tain Ward on the subject of those papers ?—Never. By Mr. Serjeant JACKSON—You were not required by the Speaker's warrant at the time to produce those papers ? I was not ; if I had been, I would not have been so incautious as to have given them away. What was the amount of the Bill ? I should think the amount of the Bill was between 151. and 161. By Sir G. GREY—What is the whole amount of the money which was paid on the cheques cut out of that Cheque-hook, the counterfoils of which remained in your pw.session ? I think something like 3,000/. '1 he witness was then questioned by Mr. - Watson as to who was the party to whcm'a certain cheque was de livered. Air. TIIESSIGER objected to a question on the ground that it was not relevant to the immediate ques tion before the House. Mr. WESTON said that the question seemed to him to have a close relation to the subject. Mr, TJIESIGER said he apprehended the inquiry was not a proper Line, as the object they had in view was to ascertain if the party had committed a contempt by not producing certain documents.—(Hear.) Mr. WATSON said that they had been told the check books were of no importance, and he wished to elicit the truth of that statement.—(Hear.) Mr. GODSON—It was only said that the counterfoil was no evidence.—(Cries of " Oh, oh.") The SPEAKER asked if the Hon. Member persisted in putting the question ? Mr. WATSON said that as it appeared to be the wish of the House, he would persevere in putting the question.—(" Oh, 0h.").. The SPEAKER then desired the question to he pnt in writing. Mr. C. WOOD said he hoped the Hon. and Learned Member would withdraw the question.--(licar.) He agreed with the Hon. and Learned Gentleman opposite (Mr. Thesiger) that the question was not relevant, but at the same time the question put, in consequence ' of one which had been asked by the Learned Solicitor . General for Ireland, as to the amount of the checks, the answer to which had been cheered by the party oppo site.—(Hear, hear.) But the question which was put by his Right Hon. Friend (Sir G. Grey), showed that the thing was not so immaterial as they seemed to think. Every day'S experience showed them the inconvenience of discussing questions, which might be better discussed before the Commit tee.—(Hear, hes.) The only way by which these Committees could be made available was to treat them as legal tribunals, bound by the rules of evidence, as legal tribunals were. The only difference that existed between them was, that the Committee had not the same power to commit for contempt that those tribunals had, but were obliged to come to ask that House for power to do ..so. With regard, to the person, it summed to him that he ought to be discharged from custody and left under the Speaker's warrant the Committee pursuing the inquiry from the person to whom the documents were given, or from Capt. Ward. The ATTORNEY-GENERAL said, he admitted that before they proceeded to set aside at warraut, they ought to be satisfied that the warrant was irreguhir, but he hoped the House would go along with him in consi dering that before they committed a person to Newgate, they ought to be satisfied that the warrant was regular. —(Hear, hear.) He for one considered that there had not been such a state of facts laid before the House as ought to induce them to send the witness to Newgate. It appeared that he had been served with a warrant from the Speaker, dated the 10th of September, re quiring him to bring in his custody all letters and accounts of cash relating to the late election, and all receipts for money, and all other documents and papers whatsoever relating to the said election, . therewith to be and appear before the said Se lect Committee at such time and in such manner be shall receive notice from the parties signing the same, or from their agents. Now, according to the • statement of the witness, be had received that warrant in the month of September, and until he came before the Committee he had received no intimation as to what papers would be required. He (the Attorney-General) must remind the House that such was not the usual course of proceeding with respect to ordinary cases of common law. A man who was t subpoenaed to attend a Court of Justice, and to ; bring with him a variety of documents, had, accord ing to ordinary courtesy, an intimation given to him of the documents he would be required to bring some time before he was called on to attend, and he thought that this witness, before the parties applied to the Committee to report his conduct to the House, ought to have been informed some short time before that he would be required to produce such papers. By the warrant he was called on to produce these papers, at such time as he should reecive a notice from the party signing the warrant. Unless he received some inti mation to produce those 'documents, he could not be described as having been guilty of a contempt. Now he had never been required to produce them at all.—(Loud cries of Oh, oh," from the Opposition.) He repeated the man had been required to attend himself but he had never been required to produce the documents at all.—(Renewed cries of " Oh, oh 1") He heard the noise made on the other side, but he appealed to their judgment, he appealed to the candid consideration of the House, whether he had ever so addressed the House on a legal subject as to induce them to believe that he had ever given any but what he conceived to be a just and proper legal opinion ? Whether he had not always boldly stated that opinion, or whether he had ever shrunk from stating anything that he believed to be true from any motives whatsoever, and he asked lion. Gen tlemen IN ho were then dealing with him fairly, to hear and judge for themselves if he ever had received notice to produce this document at at all. It would be much the better course to have the papers produced than to send the manto prison. Mr. REDDINGTON said the Committee had acted in this matter to the best of their judg ment. It appeared to them that the warrant ought to be obeyed, no matter what might be the courtesy observed in other Courts. C.! aunsel bad shown that those documents were material, and the Witness had stated that he had given them to another party, whose name he conld not recollect. But the Committee felt that jus tice to the parties concerned would not be done, unless those papers were produced, and that they were Lound to see the authority of the Speaker's warrant obeyed. He (H.) wished now to ask, in .what position they were to stand. There was an order that this individual should produce those papers. At the time that order was served he was in possession of the papers. Were they not to get them merely because he told them that he did not recollect the name of the person to whom he gave the documents—what were they to do. That evening. a summons to Captain Ward had been signed, It would be most inconvenient to the prisoners of the House to allow these papers to escape out of the witnesses possession, and not to interfere the authority of the House, to present such a proceeding. He regretted that the question had been again raised after the deci sion of the Committee. As Chairman, he would have considered himself guilty of a neglect of duty if he had not brought the case before the House. Setting aside the injustice done to the parties, he thought the objection taken by the lion. and Learned Gentleman must fall to the ground. lie thought it would be a dangerous pre cedent to discharge a man who had been guilty f such conduct ; and he would therefore move that the pri:oner, William Rouse Mahsorui be committed to the custody of the Sergeant-at Arms. Mr. C. BULLER seconded the motion. In his opinion the best safeguard which they could throw over the ad ministration of justice in these Committees was to con sider their report on each matters as final. It appeared to him very tine ise that when a Committee had reported that a witness had been guilty of disobedience to the orders of the House, the Boute should enter into an in quiry of such a nature us the one with which they had been edified that night. lie must say, that he thought the offence of this' man was a very grave one, and it' the House overlooked it their jurisdiction and the jurisdiction of the Com mittee would be utterly ; trampled upon and set at defiance.—Hear.) The man in question had been order( dto preduce certain papers. There had been a quibble raised about the warrant being issued last ses sion ; but he presumed that when the warrant had been issued iu due course, no party would be allowed to dispute its validity by such an afterthought. It appeared from the prisoner's own statement that ' having received en order from the House to bring up certain papers relating to the Southampton election, he gave them all over to a third person without any precaution, other than giving them to a shop-boy. H e received no acknowledgment from Captain IN and, and as far as the House knew, Capt. Ward having denied having received them. Be (Mr. Buller) would say on the face of the thing that he did not believe the prisoner's story. He did not wish to be harsh upon him, and he did not say that he disbelieved his story, but he must say that he could not imagine it true when the only other part concerned in it denied what he stated. The fact simply was, that since receiving the warrant to bring all these papers before thnilouse he gave them to a third party, and did not know whether that party ever got them.— (Henn) He considered that it would be sacrificing the honour of the House if they overlooked the conduct of a man acting in this way. He did say, that to let him go as a person who had behaved perfectly well, would be • most derogatory to the honour of that House. .Ha therefore seconded the motion of his Honourable Friend with this specific object, namely, that the prisoner should remain in the custody of the Sergeant-at-Arms until the ,Commit tee should have time to examine Captain Ward and any other necessary witnesses, to know whether his story was true, or whether he had flagrantly and purposely, in defiance of the orders of that House, put the papers out of the way.—(Hear.) Mr. HODGSON HINDE said that the Hon. Gentle man had stated that he had no reason to suppose that the witness at the bar had acted under any mistake after the receipt of the Speaker's warrant. He (Mr. Ilitide) thought that there was no reason for believing that the statement of the prisoner at the bar was not a bona fide statement, because if the witness bad chosen to screen (LEFT SPEARING.) THE EARL OF ROSSE'S TELESCOPE. The subjoinet account of the Earl of Rosse's noble Telescope, now casting and in formation, is from the pen of Sir James South, the eminent astronomer : The foundry is not many feet from Birr Castle, the residence in Ireland of the Earl of _Bosse, and, with the exception of the crucibles, which were made by Messrs. Dewer, of Old-street, St. Luke's, all the ap paratus employed on this interesting occasion (the steam-engine itself included) was made in workshops adjoining the Castle, under the Earl's immediate di rections, by workmen trained and instructed by him self. The casting of the speculum of this leviathan telescope having been safely effected, I forward a brief description of the modus operandi adopted by the Noble Earl, in the confidence that by very many of your intellectual readers it will gratefully received both at home and abroad.. As, however, diagrams are not well suited to news paper columns, 1 must endeavour to provide a substitute. Make, then, one extremity of a line 4i- inches long bisect a perpendicular to itself of 2i inches long, and the other extremity of it bisect another perpendicular to itself of 2 inches and 3 tenths ; beyond which per pendicular extend the first-named line 21- inches. Call the first, the crane line ; the second, the chim ney line ; and the third, the mould line. On the crane line, at the distances from the chimney line of 1 inch and 2 tenths, 2 inches and 4 tenths, and 3 inches and 6 tenths, make dots. On the first of these dots place, centrally, a silver fourpence ; on the second, a silver penny ; on the third, a sixpence ; on the centre of the chimney line, a shilling ; on each of its extreme points, a silver fourpence ; on the centre of the mould line, a crown ; on each of its extreme points, a sixpence ; and on the uncovered extremity of the crane line, a card of 2 inches square, so that its extremities shall lie parallel with or perpendicular to the crane line. Now, supposing these several coins and card to have the same thickness as the silver fourpences, the tout ensemble will indicate an horizontal section of the fJundry ; for the three fourpences will represent the crucibles in their furnaces, the shilling the chimney, the penny the crane, the crown the bottom of the mould, the sixpences the iron pouring baskets, and the card the floor of the annealing oven. The crucibles were of cast-iron, 24 inches interior diameter, and 30 inches deep, each weighing about half a ton. They were kept in situ above the bars of the furnaces by cast-iron supports and subjacent brickwork. The furnaces, about 5i feet square, were brick ; their fuel apertures were 4 feet diameter ; their height above the gratings, 8 feet ; their ashpits, 2 feet ; and their several flues passed into the chimney, which was 5/ feet square at bottom, and in height was many yards. The iron pouring-baskets were supported on wooden frames, and were supplied with pivots ; one pivot of each basket having had welded on it at a convenient angle an iron lever about three feet long, by which the basket, with its contents, was turned on tile pivot of the former without difficulty. The bottom of the mould, 6 feet 8 inches in dia meter, was formed of iron hoops 6 inches broad, packed as closely as possible side by side, their edges up, and turned in the lathe till the upper surface had imparted to it a convexity necessary to produce the wished-for concavity in the surface of the speculum when cast. A half-crown placed centrally on the crown-piece will represent the wooden pattern for the mould; it was full 6 feet diameter, and about 5i inches thick. The bottom of the mould (the crown-piece) was now included in a quadrangular wood frame, and sand being crammed between it and the wooden pattern, the latter was removed with the crane, and the mould thus made, being so perfectly horizontal, wa , ; ready to receive the melted mass. • The metals of which the speculum is composed are copper and tin, 126 parts of the former to 57i of the latter ; had it been 58 of tin, the proportions would have been the atomic standard. The copper employed was fragments of copper sheathing, and about ,three tons of it were used ; the tin was grain tin. The price of the former is about 100/. a ton, that of the latter I do not know. At two o'clock in the morning of Wednesday, the 13th instant, the furnaces were lighted, and in about ten hours the crucibles were in a state fit for receiving their respective charges. The metal, which had been previously fused and broken up, was distributed equally amongst the cru cibles, so that any accidental difference in it was pro bably destroyed. B:v nine in the evening the furnaces were opened, and the flames of nearly homogeneous yellow light which issued from them were splendid. The coun tenances of the bystanders looked like those of ghosts, whilst the scarlet coats of the officers present seemed a dirty yellow. 'tackle from the crane was now fastened to one of the crucibles at the extremity of the chimney line, and when raised above its surface, the revolution of the crane on its centre deposited it as quietly as pos sible in its corresponding iron basket; it did the same for the second crucible, and also for the third. By turning the iron baskets on their pivots, the con tents of the crucibles were simultaneously poured into the mould, and some minutes elapsed before the un dulatory motion of the fluid metal ceased. In about twenty minutes the quadrangular wboden frame and sand were removed; an iron ring con nected with a bar passing through the oven at the back aperture was clamped round th_e red hot speculum, the tackle of a capstan was hooked ,to the bar, and the speculum was hauled from the bottom of the mould over an iron railway into the annealing oven. The oven, whose interior had been kept at a dull red heat for some days, was now charged with charcool, the arches below with turf, and every opening of the oven built up and plastered over, and it is supposed that two months will elapse before the speculum is cool enough to be removed with safety. Not an accident or anything untoward happened during the process, and in 40 minutes from the time of the first crucible being moved the speculum was safely in the oven. Ti l ie metal is 6 feet diameter, it is 54 inches thick at the edges, and 5 inches at the centre; its weight is about 3 tons. By grinding and polishing its thickness will pro bably be reduced 1-10th or ith of an inch—it will be formed into a telescope "of 50 feet focal length, and will, there is every reason to hope, be actually in use this year. The speculum 'Will have a reflecting surface of 4,071 square inches, whilst that of the telescope made by the immortal Herschel, under the auspices of King George 111. had but 1,811." LAW INTELLIGENCE. COURT OF QUEENS BENCH, April 27. RATEABILITY OF PRIVATE BOXES IN THEATRES.- TILE QUEEN V. THE INITABITANTS OF ST. MARTIN'S- IN-TTIE-FIELDS. In this case the parish officers of St. Martin's-in-the- Fields had made a rate, in which the Committee and Proprietors of the Theatre Royal Drury Lane were rated at 1,800/. for the theatre, and Miss Angela Burdett Coutts was rated at 100/. for a private box in the said theatre. Miss Coutts appealed against the rate on the ground that her private box was included in the general rate of the theatre, and the Court of Quarter Sessions qunihed the rate, subject to the opinion of this Court en the ear e. CLARKEON and Mr. BODKIN, who appeared in sup port of the order of .Sessions, contended that the parish' officers having rated the theatre as a whole, could not rate a•porlion of it twice over by rating Miss Coutts fix• her pri% ate box. She Has merely possessed of the privilege of sitting in a particular part of the theatre, in the same manner as a person holding a pew in a chapel merely possessed a right of sitting in a particular part of the chapel, and was not rateable in consequence, the occupier or possessor of the whole chapel being the only person liable to be rated. Miss Burdett Coutts was in the posi tion of a lodger, who was clearly not rateable. The SOLICITOR-GENERAL, in support of the rate, con tended that, under the provisions of the local Act, every person holding any property, land, house-tenement or hereditnmcnt, within the parish, was liable to be rated ; that this box was a tenement held by Miss Burdett Coutts, under lease from the proprietors was a point which he thought could not be disputed, and if so, under the provisions of the local Act she was clearly liable to be rated. Mr. CHAMBERS followed on the same side, and con tended that under the provisions of the local Act it was by no means clear that lodgers occupying rooms in a house in which the landlord did not reside, were not separately rateable. Lord DENtrtAN said, it was a new point involving very extensive consequences ; that the Court would consider before delivering its judgment. ATTENDANCE OF COUNSEL. At the conclusion of this case, Mr. KELLY applied to the Court to permit him to argue a case, which the Court had disposed of in the early part of the morning, without argument, in conse quence of the non-attendance of Counsel to represent Mr. Kelly's clients. The Learned Gentleman stated, that at the time the case was called on, he was engaged in the Court of Exchequer. Lord DENMAN—We cannot help that ; you should have been here. The Court always endeavours to ac commodate Counst 1 if it can, and if anything of this sort cccurs, it always is because Counsel do not seek to ac commodate the Court. Mr. KELLY said, his brief had not been delivered to him until 12 o'clock, in consequence of some mistake on the part of his clerk. Lord DENMAN-1S that any reason why the Court should interfere ? It was a piece of very gross negligence. kr: KELLY—But, my Lor], my clients will suffi r very great injustice. Lord DE lAN—Not from the Court. Mr. liEux---Really, my Lord, I feel that my clients, through no fault of their own, will suffer great injustice. Lord DENMAN—I agree with you there, but it is not from the Court that they suffer injustice, The case was called on the first in the day, and no one appeared for your clients. Was no other gentleman with you ? Mr. KELLY—Yes, my Lord, Mr. Thomas, but ho was not instructed to argue. Lord DENDor—lle should have been here then to have explained where vou were. Do you not think you have said quite-enough on the subject, 111 r. Kelly ? Mr. KELLY.—Really, my Lord, I feel that the wrong done to my client is irremediable. Mr. Justice PATTESON.—You should have been here. This Court is not to be kept waiting, because gentlemen choose to practice in two or three Courts at once. You will learn, by and by, I suppose, to practise only in one Court. The conrse we have adopted in this case, we have adopted in several other cases during the present term, and we shall adopt in every case under similar circumstances. The matter then dropped, the Court refusing to enter tain Mr. Kelly's application. The Court was engaged the whole morning in hearing argu ments in cases in the Crown Paper, none of which were of any public interest. The greater number of them were.cases of disputed settlements of paupers. BAIL COURT, April 27. LAMBERT V. LEVER. This was an action to obtain compensation for injury sustained by the plaintiff from the defendant. Mr. JONES stated the case. The plaintiff and defend ant were both travelling on the Dog-road, which go e s under the Eastern CountieS Railway, and the plaintiff's horse, which he had bought on the day the accident took place, took fright under the arch of the railway, and struck the cart of the plaintiff, which he upset. The plaintiff's horse then ran away, and broke the traces and received injuries. Mr. Lever after the accident said that he would be willing to pay Mr. Lambert for any loss he • sustained, but when they came to agree, in some days after,,the plaintiff would not take less :han 171. or 181., and the defendant would not give so much. Several witnesses were called, who proved the acci dent, and the loss sustained by the plaintiff: Mr. Tnom.ts addressed the Jury for the defendant. His LORDSHIP summed up, and the Jury found for the plaintiff damages to the amount of 181. 7s. 10 , 1. DISMORE V. INNIS AND OTHERS. This was an action to recover compensation in da mages from the defendants for breaking open the plain tiff's desk, to which the defendants plead e d not guilty, and that the property did not belong to the plaintiff. It appeared from the evidence that Mr. Lucas and Mr. Cox, one of the defendants, were joirt proprietors of the 'Juliet newspaper, a journal advocating Roman Catholic principles, and published at No. 3, I3rydges itr eet, Covent-garden, and that the plaintiff was engaged as publisher, at a salary of two guineas, and was allowed at the same time to carry on a private business of his own in disposing of newspapers and pe riodicals ; and that he had a desif. at the office of the Table', in which were contained papers and books re lating to his private business. Some disagreement arose between Mr. Lucas and Mr. Cox, in the month of No vember, and-ca Mr. Cox asking. to sec some accounts relative to the business of the paper, he was refused, un less Mr. Lucas and his solicitor were also pre sent. Mr. Cox then, with Mr. Innis, his ,attorney, and some other persons, entered the establishment of th?. Tablet by means of a ladder, at two o'clock in the morn ing of the 25th of February, and brake open the desk and took away some of the papers and books which were contained in it having the names of subscribers to the Tablet, and the names of two persons in India, to whom ' the Orthodox Journal, the Catholic 3fagazine, ,and the /411:n Review, were sent. Mr; DiSmore, the plaintiff, applied for those books through his attorney, alleging that he was put to great inconvenience in consequence of not having them, to which no reply was made, and the present action was therefore brought. It was alleged on the part of the defendants, that Mr. Cox, being a part proprietor and owner of the 'Tablet newspaper, had every right to inspect the books, and that he had authority to enter his own house hew and when he pleased; that the books which he took away be longing to the office and not to Alr;Dianore in his pri vate capacity ; and that Mr, Lucas, who had now estab lished another paper called the True Tablet, was in fact the real plaintiff in the case. His LORDSHIP summed up, and the Jury brought in a verdict for the defendants. • Mr. Thesiger and Mr. Austin appeared for the plain tiff; and Mr. Platt and Mr. Dasent, for the defendants. LLOYD'S SHIPPING. THE CERTIFICATES REQUIRED HY THE PERUVIAN GO VERNMENT FROM EVERY VESSEL ENTERING THE PORTS OF THAT REPUBLIC. The following has been received at Lloyd's : Office of Committee of Privy Council for Trade, Whitehall, April 26, 1342. Srn,—l am directed by the Lords of the Committee of Privy Council, for Trace to transmit to you, for :he information of the merchants trading to the port. of Peru, the enclosed translation of a form of certificate, with which the Peruvian Government requires that every vessel entering the port of that Republic shall be furnished.-1 am, Sir, your obedient servant, To the Secretary, . J. M•GREGOR. . . (Translation.) Department of Finance, Lima, Oct. 30, 1841. This document, having been examined, with the Reports of the Tribunal of Commerce, and the Custom-house at Callao, and :it resulting from the communications of the Peruvian Consul in Bordeaux, that it is useful and advantageous to trade that the merchandise which is convey ed from foreign countries should come with the respective certificates of of the Consular authorities from whence they proceed, it is resolved that the owners of merchandise, and cap tains of vessels proceedinf , from foreign ports, where Consular Agents of the Republic reside, to the open ports of Peru, shall be obliged to take the certificates in the manner which the annexed reforms - demonstrate, which they are to representin the Custem-houses of the ports on their arrival, and in the same manner make the Peruvian Functionary, where there is one, note the necessary deduc tions, in consequence of the necessary discharge of part of the cargo, in case they should call at •my other port be fore they arrive in Peru ; and it is hereby &clared, that these documents are necessary for the - legality of the trade, and that their presentation or omission, produce the same legal effects as the manifests. The periods in which this order should be complied with and observed in all its parts, are those stated in the 153 d article of the commercial code. Reply tu the ,'_Minister of Foreign Affairs, with a copy of this decree, that he may cause it to be circidated to the corresponding authorities. (Signed) CANO. [Here follow the forms, which are too long fin- in sertion.] VESSELS SPOKEN WlTH.—Success, Liverpool to Madeira 30th ult., lat. 41, long. 12 ; Anna Rnbeltson, to Madeira, 4th inst., lat. 45, long. 11, by the Tantivy, arrived in the Creek. Minstrel, Manilla to Cork, 21st instant ; Colonist, Cork to Jamaica, 21st instant; General Ic)d, in the chops of the Channel, and a large fleet of homeward bound off Cape Clear, by the Otterspool arrived off Cork. COMMERCIAL TARIFFS AND RE GULATIONS OF THE SEVERAL STATES OF EUROPE AND AMERICA. By JOHN MACG#LEGOR, Esq. IV. FRANCE.—RESOURCES OF FRANCE. No country possesses within its boundaries greater natural advantages than Francel Although this highly-favoured kingdom has not equal maritime advantages, nor minerals so conve niently disposed, as those England, yet her internal natural riches are greater ; and in minerals and har bours she has pre-eminence over the other great Powers of the Continent. . • In geographical position, France is happily situated; the sea and the Pyrenees bounding her on the west ; the waters of the Mediterranean on the south ; the Alps and the Rhine on the east ; and Belgium forming her northern, and it is true, most accessible,, and less marked, frontier. The surface of France is, in genera], a level, very moderately undulated. The borders near Spain, Switzerland, and the Rhine ; the Central mountains, or hills, of Auverne ; and the ridge of Cevennes form the exception. The Seine, Loire, Garonne, .Rhine, Saone, and smaller rivers, open an extensive inland navigation, susceptible of very easy and great improvement; par ticularly requiring the general use of steam-boats. The Rhone has already' been connected by a canal with the Rhine ; and the Great Northern Canal opens a navigation from the Seine and Oise to the Scheldt. The rivers and seaports of France have now their navigation- unlocked, and opened with each other, and with the rivers of Gerthany and Belgium, by means of eighty-six canals. France has done but little in the formation rail roads. A very bad one extends - froin St. Etienne to Lyons ; one from Paris to St. Germain, and two fropi Paris to Versailles, comprehend, with the exception of a few miles of branch-rails, the whole railroad com munication of this extensive kingdom. Arthur Young divides France into four irregular regions :—" In the first, the vine 'is not; in the second, the maize is not : in the third, the olive is.. not.; in. the fourth, or the southern, there are the olive, the mulberry, and the vine, with most useful grains and agricultural productions ; in the third, are all but the olive ; in the second, pll but the olive and maize, or Indian corn ; in the first, all but the olive, maize, and vine." According to MM. Chaptal and Mentelle, the soil of France may be classified under seven heads, by in cluding the departments in which each quality predo minates. As far as my own observatioas enable we to judge, I consider the arrangement correct. • In the following statement, the prevailing lands Ere accordingly arranged. Rich Arable and Pasture rand3.—Pas-de-Cala's, Nord, Somme, Aisne, Seine-et-Marne, Seine, Seine et-Oise Eure, Eure-et-Loir, Seine-inferieure, Ven dee, Deux-Sevres, Loiret, OiSe, Bas-Rhin, Aude, Tarn, Lot, Garonne, and Herau4. Heaths, Mossy and Barren Lands.—Loir-Infe rieure, Morbihan, Finistere, Ccifes-du-Nord, Ille-et- Vilaine, Maine-et-Loire, Orne, Calvados, Manche, Lot-et-Garonne, Dordogne, Gironde, A rr i ege , G ers , Aveyron, Gard, Hautes et BasseS Pyrenees, and Landes. Chalky Lands.—Marne, llat4e-Marne, Ardennes., Aube, Loir-et-Cher, Indre-et-Loir, Charente, Cha rente-Inferieure, and Vienne. Gravelly Lands.—Nievre and Allier. Stony Lands.—Moselle, VosgEs, Meurthe, Meuse, Haut-Rhin, Cote-d'or, Yonne, Haute -Saone, Doubs, Saone-et-Loire, Jura, Ain, Rhone,,' and Loire. Mountainous and }illy Lands.lautes et Basset.- Alpes, Var, Bouches-du-Rhone, V,aucluse, Drome, Isere, Correze, Lozere, Cantal, Puy-de-Dome, Haute- Loire, and Ardeche. Sandy.—Cher, Indre, Creuse, Haute-Vienne, Sar le, and Mayenne. Of the eighty-six departments of France, coal is found in forty-one ; and iron is equally . abundant. For steam navigation the former is, however, not conveniently disposed. Gold is found, but not 'in sufficient quantities to pay the labour of working. France has also mines of silver, copper, tin, manga nese, cobalt, arsenic, nickel, bismuth, &c. ; and gr ea t plenty of mineral salt. Porphyry, marble, granite, slate, millstones, grind stones, freestone for building, tine porcelains, clay, &c., are abundant. Although the original forests of France have been nearly all levelled, yet the kingdom has a much greater, proportion o f goo d, an d generally larger timber than England; and were it not for the great quantity required annually for fuel, the growth tf timber trees in France would be quite sufficient for all domestic purposes, unless it be fancy woods for furniture and cabinet work. A great variety of fish frequent the western and Mediterranean coasts, and most fresh water fishes abound in the rivers. The colonies of France, with the exception of the small islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon, which ale, however, of great value, and part of Algiers, are a ll important in regard to their tropical produ c ti ons . the natural resources of France enable her to be and not only to assume and maintain more independent of exterior productio ns th an any other country . ; a more formidable military position, but also to re cover sooner from the disasters of. lon g wars th an an y other European Power. I n th ese respects Prussia and Austria most resemble France. SEAPORTS OF FRANCE. • . FIRST CLASS, 5, viz. Havre, or the port of Paris, St. Maio ; Nantes ; Bor deaux, and Marseilles. SECOND CLASS, 6, VIZ. Cherbourg, Dunkirk, Granville, Lorient, Rochefort, and Toulon. THIRD CLASS, 14, vrz. Dieppe, Rouen, St. Brieux, Adge, Brest, St. Set— van, Calais, St. Valery, Vannes, Boulogne, Caen, Bayonne, Port-Vendre, and Cette, FOURTH CLASS, 52,,v1z. Gravelines, Abbeville, Fecainp, Honfleur, Dour ranez, Harfieur La Hogue, Aurigny, Conquet, Ato . leis, Quimper, Pontrieux, Concarneau, Port LOU''; Redon, Au ra y, L e C ro hi c , Paimpol, Bourgneu" Rochefue, Sales d'Olorin2, La Rochelle, Bromllge , Lannion, Mar_ennes, Reyan, Paimbauf, Panillne' Blaye, and Libourne. STATISTICS OP FRANCE. SUPERPICIES AND POPULATION OF THE FRENCH 13::IP1111' f : v cA •-,, . .l :4 * . 1; KINGDOM AND g 9 t. Population. :ti SI COLONIES. X o ~., c. G .. . ...-. . . . • • ...." "..• - - - •• . •- • . -•. . - - France, proper* ... 520,195 211,730 32,365,527 Corsica, dependent" 9,805 3,180 195,407 ---- ---- ._._..------ Total .. ... 530,000 214,910 32,560,934 1541 COLONIES, &C, Regency of Algiers / _ .4,021 ( Europeans)t .... .$ Martinicue ( Eu -7,538 2,874 13,000 ropeaus) Guadakupe, &c. t 4,000 1,913 17,000 whites Guyana Guyana Senegsinbia, &c., in Z _ Alricl (w bites)... $ —•1,000 Isle of Bourbon (free) 2,531 1,126 ;0,000 Pondichery, &c — 700 i ....."" Total European / 32,627,945 populati on . $ t _....- * Official returns of May t Annuaire du Commerce Mary POPULATION AT DIFFEREN Years. AUTHORITIES. , 1832. :irne de 144. T PERIODS. According to Father Alirabeau ---- Buffon Abbe d'Expilly ..... - Necker By Official Census Under the Constituent Assembly According to M. de Prony According to M. de D. Pere After tho Treaty of Peace . Ditto ... By Official Census .. Ditto By Estimate _._......-, Pol,ulaWo' _ 18,000, 11 5 2t.671,122,014,7 24,67 0, 000 24,800,0 r: 26,363, 0 / 4 26,048, 234 28,810,60 29,236, ( V / 30,451, 1 c, 31,851, 5 1 5 3 0 ,560,? 01 _, 34,160,9,Y1 Tile area Houses Average of France in hectares Alto in English a cres :nhabited in 1832 number of inhabitant s i n eac h house 135 602 647 406 2? 421 291 v6'l, for all France Average number ofinhabitants in each h o u se for department of the Seine Marriages, per annum Births 270 ,215 90,249 Deaths Average increase per annum Population on the Ist of January, 1842, cal culating increase at this ratio 809,7 0 10M ° 34,160,04 RECAPITULATION OF THE OFFICIAL RE TURNS O F T a .PHYSICAL AND AGRICULTURAL SURFACE OF FBASC E ' 1835. Squ ill Lands paying direct taxes :- • : Hectares. ica pieo , Arable lands • 9 4 5, 8 5 3 5 4 9, 6 1 25 11 1 ; 2‘2 : 4943' ,! ' Meadows Vineyards 2 , 134,822 1,0 S" Forests 7,422.314 3,7 5' 2 5 Orchards, nur ser i es , an d gar d ens 643,698 3 32 Osieries, will o w, an d ree d p l ots Ponds, cattle and horse ponds, 06 fens, and canals o f i rr i gat i on Wild pastures, barrens, heaths,&c 7,799,672 3;2 1 Navigable canal s - 1,631 .131 Grounds under div e r s cu lti vat i on 9 51,934 Grounds under buildi ngs ----' , Total paying direct taxes 49,863,609 2 5, Lands not paying direct taxes : . squa re Hectares. lea gues' Post-roads, bye-reads, public 6 15 places, streets, &c. Rivers, lakes, and rivulets . 454,365 2 . Forests and domains, not pro- fi g ductive 1,209,432 Cr - church,— ;emetcries, churches, presbyte ries, and public buildings 2,896,688 1 ' 466 Total not pa.ing direct taxes 52,760,29 t 2 '. r e Sq" leagl Houses and other buildings, i n h a bi te d , 51 Wind and water-mills ,4 15 Forges Manufactnring establishments and work shop Total superficies of France .. 52,760,298 Buildings paying direct taxes:— 38, 030 ____/ Total • ' -_ ____.-- Total number of whole properties, or proprietors . 10,89,0,n Total number of sub-divisions 123,3 6 00° 72 t ' Proprietors holding l eases f or ever 213,1 Ditto life interests 38,3 Pensioners of state Public employes, requiring security for fidelity Ditto, exclusive of the army and navy, re ceiving salaries Number of indigent persons Operatives, or mere labourers, . and nut ar tisanS, tradesmen, nor agriculturists Population of Chief Towns by Census of 1827: . 00 Towns. Population. Towns. populA ti .+ 29, 3 ' 1 Paris 890,431 Rennes 9 I ' 2l Lyons Marseill';s 115,943'Clermont-Ferrarn -14 Bourdeaux 9 Ik -- - - oueu 0 5 - 46 6 Nantes 69,8601Lirnoges Lille ' l 'l;3 Strasbourg 2, 11 "' Strasbourg 49,708lArras 45,276!Poietiers Metz 1 29 49 --d-- ,s!'4s It Amiens 42,o3 2 lGrenoble - Orleans 40,34 01 2a Besancon ............ 0 0,4 4 , Caen •',,, AfiS Havre ,-.. St. Etienne ........... 1., 1 9,4A ' 0 Boulogne-sur-Mer 24,000 Le Mans ............ 14 ,5 A La Rochelle 11,073 Moulins .. •••• 12,5 S Njsmes Montpelier Angers 29,978 Carcassonne ........• 1 9,5, Rochefort Granville 13,248 Bourges . ........ .... 1 0, 400 4 5° 7,000 Calais Bayonne Perpignan 16,733 Abbevill e ............ 1 ;, 0 : 30 Narbonne 10,792 Di eppe 46 0 Cette 10,200 St. Male . .......... 2 9 ~ E 6 50 Toulon 28,419 B rest ................. • jr3,43 Antibes 5,565 Clierbou - ••• 13,5' .......... - 1 , Port Vendre 2,ooolLorient.. ...............• GOVERNMENTAL DIVISIONS. .jecl iilto France, before the revolution of 1789. was divl, o thirty-two provincial governm en t s . Th e king" ,; 0 1 , av d afterwards subdivid e d i n t o e i g h ty - s i x departole;oool the whole formed int o m ili tary, administrative? " judicial, academical, and ecclesiastical divisions. 0 cen t The administrative divisions, &c, of Franc e :i c e k il o tralised in the bureau o f t h e Mi n i ster o f el° s „' olio" Public Works are e i g hty- s i x d epartments , co- 4 (a ecording to land the returns of 1832) : 52 0,294 9- . 76 3Hf 56 2 , ; Inhabitants „ 5 Persons enrolled a s nat i ona l guards As contingent milia Qualified as juro rs l o '63' Enrolled to vote for the election of deputies 46° Members to re p resent t h e department in the Chamberof Deputies These departments have been su bdi v id e d int° -- 363 arrondissernens, _ • 2,835 cantons, and 37,021 communes. a prett e t , Each department i s u n d er t h e a d m i n i s t ra tion ° f pre c .‘ ; A , The arrondissemens are eac h un d er t h at o f a So us jogo" The cantons, severally, u n d er t h at o f a superil d. Paix ; and The communes under the administration of s - -lit ' Yar 411 ~...............__ his assistants. ..._,...L........ ~......" „ 5 that against Morocco.endowrg subscriptionsa n e episcopal The Toulonnais of the 21st instant int brill ra s ; 10 0 1 the statement of the four ships recently returned f li.de°'' the having been ordered to take in three months' Pr ° ,, t ,iied,,t ° o to get ready for sea, was unfounded. The ordet A g ga 'iral " n r;i rl .. ships in the roadstead, *meet. the command of '7,1 - ,d 11 3 ; i : .. i t but this, says the Toulonnais, has been sesr, - ,.,d to si n "; 1 01 t graphic communication, and nothing has tran'P'" - being -i the belief that an expedition was on the Poi nt uf 1- is r c a o i p s a e l d eo fo ll r ege th in e , cr. t: -4 d e soos aan i,...v u a ' f : r of er e t c ing l a l nd e present, prem otiltlog Chi 711,100istui/a.n, Knowledge. I,COOL r° l e tter , The Minister of Commerceegeof Commerce dated 19th inst., to the Chamber mereeof on the re that bed , ' Iler b / reply to one which he had . received from the . 0 d e jest of the critical position of French subject? 'th at of i la of Paraguay, in conse uence of the war with e been give _ addressed Ltdotib.a. l a Plata. The Minist g er announces that o rders ht_c,,, a , au arter for the reinforcement of the French naval of the , world, with a view to the protection of r in e s il pee t el th fore . l . 3 . ;_n_ e l i; int ' e re . tf; Prince Albert on l'uesdaY aft ern li n i ' W" e lle ' new Ilcuses of Pailiament. Ilis "°laithe archi tect. ducted over the works by Mr.::: ........... Prince remained nearly an hour. ----_—_ Or, the 10111 inst at Veva ' am _ ..-.• BIRTH S. Pate Nevile, Esq.. Of a s )' z on. Mrs. afield, Herefordshire. On the 20tt► ' i inst., at Sprinpre•— , Wallace Hall, of a son. of the Ref, On the 21st inst., at Great Missenden, the lady William Johnson liurpess, A.M., o f a daughter. in Switzerland, tl e lady of J. D I E li. On the 51h inst., after many years severe affliction. go garet, relict of ttte late 31r. Robert Pullett, Bill Farm , Es se q: don, Berts, aged 75 ; also, on the 2lst, Mr. George Pullet, Green Man, Potters Bar, after much suffering, in his 6 0 ' 3 year, nin t h respected and lamented, leaving a widow and DO' children. On the 25th of January last, F ra ncis Austin , Esq., of the Al O n Temple, second son of A. Austin. Esq., of Fulham..., On the 25th inst., Flora It A. daughter of Ju t William Aleytick, of Cambridge -terrace, Hyde-parki On,the 25th inst., Mrs. Sarah Hewer, of Newgate-market, t. On the 21st inst., at Brussels, Jacob Meyer Tueski, sol i ° the late Meyer Heyman T v ski, of Amsterdam - : "•—•-•"''.......-- --i.g, Loildtn: Printed «nd Published by INIURDO YOU§ru rip N rii o. 11 0 , Stra. rt The Sup. Otlice, No. 112, Strao. 'b the County of Aliddl esex, Thursday, April 28, lts42 a nl at sh oc ( 11 th NC r . Sc Le C%. fot re. , I t .r 3, • Qu; Qu: ft, Qua Qua . 11 / I ^:tc Hal! stop and and 5 trai n tat Fa 14s. undei t is ma Lond rates Eh] • horse Post I this o Alessi and a 10, N.l from , May, P.m. 18th June, SITU Ad( A . into hi glad ti Educa Lett tor C( Red, tes, , May b 3 9, A , 7P,, 1( Croy f‘' fi Half