The Sun. — London, England, 1849-11-13 00:00:00

THEATRE ROYAL, HAYMARKET. Mr. B. Webster, stole Less , x, and Manager, Old Drompton. THIS EVENING, Will be performed a new Comedy, entitled THE SERIOUS FA MILY. Characters by Messrs. Webster, J. Wallack, Buckstone ; After which a new Farce entitled THE LAUGHING HYENA. To be followed by an original Farce called THE GUARDIAN ANGEL. Mr. Dulcimer, Mr. Keeley ; Moggy Snaggs, Mrs. Keeley. To conclude with the Farce of LEND ME FIVE SHILLINGS. Due notice will be given of the appearance of Mr. and Mrs. KEAN. The Box-office is under the direction of Mr. I. T. Archer. lit:A ERE ROYAL, ADELl'ill. 'Under the direction of MRAaine Celeete. TUN EVENING, . _ Will be performed TAE SONS OF MARS. To be followed by' an - entirely new Extravaganza, entitled DO MESTIC ECONOMY. John Grumly, Mr. Wright ; Mrs. Grumley. Airs. F. Matthews. After which a new Farce, entitled A Butp, OF PASSAGE. Mr. •orry Chick, Mr. Wright; Mr. Chaunt Ginger, Mr. Paul Bedford ; Mr. Charles Pusher, Mr. Boyce; Ernest Hopefitl, Mr. Worrell; Mrs. Waters Rummer. Mrs. Frank Matthews. To conclude with a new slippery sketch called MRS. BUNBURY'S SPOONS. Mr. Highbury Barnes, Mr. P. Bedford ; Bob Twinks, Mr. Wright ; Job Smith, Mr. 0. Smith: Mrs. Bunbury, Mrs. F. Matthews; Mrs. Hight:cry Barnes, Miss Brooks. LYCIctIM THEATRE. t. , a4e:^ the 2.lar.agemeut of Aladam , Vbetll4- 'ole Lettsca, Mr. Charlei Allithe,..-7s. THIS EVENING, Will be performed METHINKS I SEE MY FATHER, To he followed by BEAUTY AND THE BEAST. To conclude with a comic drama, called A PRACTICAL MAN. Upper 80x,., 4s. ; kit, 2s. ; A. o I,4irt et the :10113 4, 1. All applications for rrivate Bores ;nust be made to Mr. Allcroft, 15, New Road-street. FrANCESS'S TIFEATIZ.G. Mr. J. M. Maddox, Sole Lessee and .Manager. THIS EVENING, Will be performed a new Opera, entitled CHARLES THE SE COND. To be followed by a new Extravaganza, entitled THE FIRST NIGHT. To conclude with a new Ballet entitled LES FATINEURS. .7Tt.,ti:?' ROYAL AMPIIITHEATRZ. l'. - ..opTletor, Mr. W. Batty. 01 her Majeltr the Queen, his Royal IlighasSB Prince ?...lhert, &c. Tr:amrliant success of the new Equestrian Spectacle of the Prophet, which has been nightly received with enthusiasm, and prop unced by the public press to b the must gorgeous hippo-dramatic piece ever produced at the Amphitheatre. Appearance of Mr. Briggs in Moncrieff's new Extravaganza. Ti ceebrated Comedian and Clown, Mr. T. Barry, and Mr. J. Bridges and Marine. Amdle will have the honour of appearing every Evening viler tnf. ''Atrtz% Unparalleled Equestrian Feats. TIIIS EVENING, Will be »erre:lll , A Fitzball's grand Equestrian Spectacle, entitled THE PROPHET, in which Mr. W. West will appear. I,)howed by :,.11 iniants.ble display of I SCENES TE CT ,, (11,... by the fiTst ET,,strian talent of the day, in which Mr. E T. Larry will appear. To conclude with the now Extravaganza called TILE PLEA SUitES OF lIOI7,.;EKEEPING AND HORSEKEEPING , in which the whole Company and Stud of this Establishment, a long train of moveal - 10, comprising omnibuses, barouches, go-carts, and other vehicle_ will appear, ,z-off• - ;e open In= Eleven V.ll Foot !tanager, Mr. W. I'Vet. .1.111 ArA , "l.O. AT I,OlSiitAN fir: -,::;,q, 43 mjn. after 12 j Everdng, 3 min. After orith,g, 23 min—:nor 1 I F.veninj, 41 min. afte dAT iito: 1 W.E.Aa 1-I:Eca.—Suls l OZFICE, Nov. 13. TLYA.InomETER,, Lowest., 43 arzhest 48; etroou, 52, DAROMETER, 29.99. SVIT-:r) S.W.—foggy, and iocEning to rain. 7 itek C lki 4 t I L ti ------ m . , il: ., .1. 2 „,...„ 4 " ~,,,,y, . ~ ~, it - 0 t ~,,,• • _:.,.-,:, - —.--( ~ , 01. (f-, if ... -..., r - Tr l3 ll a ....„ 1.01 , 1)01 , 1, TUBS E. Y NOVEMBER 13, 1849, Spc>sliin:r of the wi-e and glorious government of OLIVER CROMWELL, " the greatest prince who has ever sat upon the throne of England," Mr. MacAuLair observes in his criticism on Mr. HALLANt (Essays, Vol. 1., p. 185), that " he took a peculiar pleasure in encouraging that noble service which, of all the in struments employed by an English Government, is the most impotent for mischief, land the most power fal for good." Perhaps the most unpopular of all our sovereigns, the unfortunate though able and energetic King JAMES the Second, was conspicuous for the interest with which he fostered the maritime profession of Great Britain—that gallant and heroic profession which has transferred to our " snug little island " the supreme dominion of the seas, planting the royal standard in every clime, and carrying the enterprises of com merce and the researches of science to regions where the Dutch, or the Venetian, the Genoese, the Por tugu.-se, or the Carthaginian had failed to penetrate. Most profoundly is it to be hoped that what was attempted by the last of the STUARTS ) and aspired to by his Highness the LORD PROTECTOR of the British Commonwealth, may be accomplished in the golden days of VICTORIA, when England, according to the felicitous remark of Mr. Roßsucx, presents to Europe the majestic spectacle of a crowned Re• publicanistn, and a royal Democracy. Only the other evening, when referring to the mismanagement of the national Exchequer, we ob served that even the enemies of a financial retrenchment confess that according to the present system no less than 1,2.50,000/ of the naval estimates are wasted. Now, we are clamouring neither for a reduction nor for an increase of our naval estimates—we are only solicitous that henceforth 1.250,0001. shall not be squandered without any adequate compensation, we might even say without any good effect whatever, but that by a judicious reorganization of the arrange ments relating to the great ',national service, these 1,250,0001. shall be applied to the advantage of a noble set of fellows, one of the finest races of men in the empire, the renowned and lion-hearted sailors of England. For it is monstrous, it is absolutely monstrous, to reflect that in a great maritime country like England we have a large standing army and no permanent navy—on the contrary, an entire absence of any plan by which the British tar might obtain continued employment. As matters are at present managed, or rather, we should say, as they are at present mismanaged, the ablest seamen, after toiling for a number of years in the service, and becoming in the highest degree proficient in the discharge of their duties, may be turned adrift, are actually turned adrift upon society to go to the dogs, or to go to the devil, just as accident may lead their fortunes. Fine stalwart fellows, ready to stick their fis's into a tar-bucket, or, according to their own blithe and gallant expression to "work with a will" whenever the boatswain pipes his whistle, are by this wretched system paid off in some one of our seaports, and compelled thenceforth to shift for themselves. The consequence of this is, that we are going the very best way to work to estrange the hearts of our brave tars from a service which was formerly the object of their love and enthusiasm ; be~i•les which every year increases the diflicutty of manning a vessel just put in commission. For the life of him, the captain has no notion where to go fur his proper complement— s() that he is at last forced to tout for mariners in one port or another, and to content himself with the stragglers picked up in any pot house or brothel. It is needless, of course, to say that the evil of all this is truly lamentable. Good seamanship throughout the whole crew, in some cases—throughout even half of it, becomes altogether hopeless. Properdiscipline is ren dered wholly impossible. The character of the entire service is undermined and jeopardised. We would see these miserable effects of the present mismanagement at once dissipated, and their recurrence sedulously prevented. Not only the interest and the safety of the empire, but the considerations of national economy combine to render this wish imperative. Something must be done for the most valuable class of men in the whole empire, and the most ill considered—our sea men. We have a large standing army. Why is it we have no permanent navy ?—a navy being absolutely requisite for the mainte nance of our rank among the nations, and for the conservation of our maritime supremacy. If only upon an economic calculation, the matter is de serving of serious reflection, and demands the earnest attention of the Parliament and the Admiralty. Let not the navy of England any longer be dependent on the merchant service on the colliers, or on the fish ing -smacks, on the offscourinto of the lowest haunts of our seaports; but lst the commander of every ship put in commission know exactly where he may ob tain his requisite complement, secure that each mariner drafted into his vessel is not only able skilful but honest, we ll-di sc i p li ne d , bodi;:d an d and cordially attached to his profession. The better performance of the duties required on board a man-of war, the facilities thrown in the way of officers anxious to increase their complements of men, and the appreciable enhanee—,,,.ent by this means of the strength of this the str on g est arm of the empire, would soon afford mare than mere compensation for all the disbursements demanded for the support of the Kamen during the intervals which might elapse between the perio 7 .s of their engagements. All the time desired by JACK for a holiday-gap between his voyages is simply time enough to spe his loose cash. So long as he has a sho in his locker he will continue to have his RE fiddler in tow, and his lass on his arm; but as soon as the last sixpence is shaken out of his pocket he is ready to put his best foot forward to work, and chew his quid in the forecastle. The sailors of England require no bounty ; they want only a decent show of justice and attention—this they assuredly have not had hitherto—this they should and must have hence forth. Having disposed of the fallacies respecting the " potato blight," " over-production, and "over-spe culation," we now turn to the railway expenditure, which has been so triumphantly referred to by the bullionists as the teterrima causa of all the evils under which the nation has suffered. These modern So. Lomoxs assert " that enormous sums of money, to the amount of nearly 200,000,0001. sterling, have been irretrievably sunk in railways ; that the effect has been precisely similar to that which would have followed if an equal amount of money had been cast into the sea—that the nation could not bear so large a transfer of its " fixed " into its " floating capital ; " and that money necessarily fell short when so enormous a drain—to the extent of from two to three millions of pounds sterling per month—was continued for a considerable period." Such are the assertions that have been repeated usque ad nauseam by these sagacious gentlemen, who trace the entire ruin of the country to the enterprise and active ty which intersected the country with an iron network, which almost annihilated time and space, and gave facilities for travelling to the hum blest artizan of the present day that were unknown ,0 the wealthiest nobleman, even in the commence ment of the present century. It would appear as if they supposed that gold and silver were the materials chiefly used in the construction of the railroads, and that what was once invested could never in any manner be recovered. They will not believe that there was a continual and active circulation of the money employed in the pay ment of the labourers, or that all classes benefited by the additional stimulus afforded to trade and com merce, and the extra demand for articles of comfort thereby occasioned. To these persons the employ ment of the working classes, and the rendering a " fair day's wages for a fair day's work," are calamities of no ordinary magnitude, that should be averted by any means and at any sacrifice. Better that the sturdy labourer should waste his time in unprofitable idleness, that he should sustain the utmost privations, dragging on a miserable existence, badly fed, and badly clothed, a constant inmate of the union workhouse, than that he should be enabled to support his family by his own honest industry, and to become a well fed, comfortably clad, and hard worked man. Of the money invested in railways, about 20 per cent., or one-fifth of the entire cost, was paid to the proprietors of real estates, for the purchase of the land required for railway purposes. These enormous sums then were merely transferred from the shareholder to the former owner, who perhaps paid his debts therewith, or possibly invested the amount in the very undertaking from which he received it. That money was not abstracted from the circulation, nor was it sent out of the country. Probably no coin or notes changed hands during the transaction. The entire process in each case was completed by the delivery of a cheque and the transfer of certain credits in the bankers' books from one account to another. It could no more impoverish the nation than the change of a purse of sovereigns from the right hand to the left hand pocket could impoverish an individual. The same may be said of the Parliamentary and legal expenses, which were arranged in like manner. The other, and by far the greater part of the expenditure, consisted chiefly in the payment of wages to the different classes of workmen. These payments cer tainly required the use of some amount of money, but it circulated rapidly from hand to hand, and speedily found its way back to the bankers to be again drawn out and again disbursed to the labourers. The railway " navvie" did not usually hoard or make away with his money. He was paid his wages every week, and they were acarcely received before they were handed over to the butcher, the baker, the grocer, the lodging-housekeeper, the publican, and perhaps, oc casionally, to the tailor, hosier, or shoemaker. These latter persons derived considerable profits from the sale of their goods to the new class of customers, but the tradesman did not put by the money either. In turn they paid it away to farmers or wholsale dealers, from whom it went to the landlords, manufacturers, or merchants, and thence again to the bankers. Now, no part of these operations took money from the country. The articles required for the labourers were chiefly of home production, and a very small portion indeed went to the foreigner. The course was as certain as that of a river flowing towards the sea, fertilising and irrigating the lands through which it passed in its progress. In a few weeks at the outside—probably in a single week—the whole process would be gone through, and the money restored to the original custody. If 500,0001. or 600,0001. was thus distri buted on every Saturday during a series of years, not more than a single million, or a million and a half would be required, and a paper currency would be just as efficient for that purpose as bullion, were it not for the absurd and impolitic law that prohibits the circulation of small notes, which are found so beneficial and convenient in Scotland and Ireland. These opinions are fully corroborated by the testi mony of Mr. GUMMY and of Mr. BIRKBECK, who so ably represented the provincial bankers before the Committee on Commercial Distress. The former gentleman says, " I cannot in my own experience trace the effect to the railways. My own experience, which is in the floating money of the country, has not led me to perceive much derangement in the circu lating medium on account of railways." The latter, however, enters so clearly and explicitly into the question that we cannot refrain from giving his evidence on this point in extenso Question 5919. And there has been, in conjunc tion with that, a very large investment in railways ? That, I think, would not have been felt to a serious degree but for the other causes ; it would have caused individual suffering, but it would not have cause national suffering. 5920. Does it not raise the rate of interest in the market?—No, it does not, the money is there still. 5921. Then you do not think that the calls upon the country for railway purposes, to the amount of 3,000,0004 or 4,000,0004 a month, have had any effect in raising the rate of interest in the market or producing a scarcity of money ?—I cannot conceive that it could do so ; pro vided there was a good state of trade, I do not think the nation would have felt it in the least ; individuals might have felt it, but not the nation. The money is there still. 5922. It goes to landed proprietors, shopkeepers, and others?—Yes. 5923. There is the same amount of railway calls going on now, but yet money is at the cheap rate you have described?—Yes. There is nearly the same amount of railway calls. 5924. At the time you allude to money was very cheap in the market?—lt was. 5925. There was a great difficulty in employing it : — Yes. 5926. If it had not been employed in railways do you think it would have gone for investment elsewhere?— I think a good deal would have gone abroad. 5927. Being kept at home, have not the labourers of the country benefited from the general expendi ture?—Yes. 5928. And the revenue has also benefited _from that expenditure?—Yes. 2929. Did it at all lessen the amount of currency in the country cannot conceive how it could lessen it. 5930. As you said before, it might have created some individual distress?—No doubt it has done so. 5931. But nationally it has not produced any effect? — No. All that I can ch 2rge upon the railways is, that it has occasioned the difference between keeping a number of labourers upon good wages and throwing them upon the poor•rates. And that is all that any candid and unprejudiced man could charge against them. They have kept the money in the country, which, in place of being invested in foreign stocks and foreign produce, as on former occasions, has been retained at home in the employment of labour on useful works that have per manently increased the capital of the country. It has benefited the labourers, benefited the shop keepers, and manufacturers, and benefited the public revenue, and the o n ly cost has been the difference of throwing a h numberof o lab r o r u a r t e e r s.,, son good wages and Would to GOD that we had many such works in progress, and that every man able, and willing to work, should receive the legitimate rewards of his nd honest industry. A wise lawyer never goes to law himself. —Eliza CoA's Journal, N. LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING. N VEMITE'II. 13 1849. drop being inconveniently crammed. But even at that early hour we found it wholly impossible to do more than catch a dis tant glimpse of th %allows. The narrow en trance to Horsemonger-ilne was likewise barricaded, and none but policemen and privileged persons per mitted to pass. Here an immense crowd, collected in Blackman-street, contented themselves by catching a remote look at the scaffold. A large stand or platform, erected immediately in front of the drop, in Winter-terrace, was crowded with occupants long before daybreak, and the windows and house•tops in all the surrounding vicinity were crowded with eager spectators of both sexes. THE GAOL AND ITS APPEARANCE. If a person could last night have placed himself upon some high eminence, and have obtained a clear perspective view of London, he would have seen wending their way along the principle thoroughfares when the great city is ordinarily hushed in silence people of all classes and of both sexes, seemingly bent upon one and the same destination, Perhaps at a considerable distance from the general place of rendezvous the echo of the streets was only disturbed by the hurried tramp of solitary parties of pedestrians, but as the distance grew less the number of persons in the streets increased, and the actual spot to which, as it were, the different streams of moving humanity ran, was one dense and gigantic mass of people, filling the roads and thoroughfares. and covering some of the houses to their very tops. Strange it is, that the morbid tastes and feelings of the people to witness a public strangulation are so great, that remaining throughout the night in the streets in cold, foggy weather, squeezed on all *ides by the mob, and first pushed one way and then another, and the probability of being seriously in jured or robbed, are not thought too great risks to encounter, in order to witness the terribly real drama of which llorsemonger-lane gaol was the scene this BERMONDSEY MURDER. EXECUTION morning. For two or three days past ;the gaol has been an object of great attraction, but yesterday, owing to the ' near impending fate of the Mannings, the excitement of the public to see it became greater, and the neighbourhood was visited by thousand of people before nightfall. To many, however, the appearance and situation of the prison must be comparatively unknown ; for although it abuts almost close upon one of the largest thoroughfares in London, it is entirely screened by houses from the sight of the pedestrian. About half way between London bridge and the Elephant and Castle there is, on the east side of the road, a small narrow street, which is called Ironmonger-lane, so nearly faces the wall of . the Queen's Bench prison, and although very narrow at the commencement, about half-a.dozen houses down it opens into a wide open road. On the right of this road is the gaol; it is surrounded by brick walls so high that the tops of the buildings inside can scarcely be seen as one walks along. In the centre of this wall, and in a line with it, is the entrance-gate, or tower, which is about 40 or 50 feet from the Upon the roof, which is almost level, is erected the scaffold, painted in black, and of very simple con struction. It stands not in the centre, but at the west end of this building, close to a stack of chimneys, and consists simply of a slightly-raised platform, upon which the fatal beam is fixed. The beam is about twelve feet long, and supported by two up right posts, ten feet or so high. The platform is enclosed by a wooden railing, except about three feet at the corner, where steps are made for the criminals to ascend. At the other end is an other platform, a little higher, also surrounded by wooden rails, upon which the culprits will first make their appearance, and engage most likely in prayer with the Chaplain before their execution. Only a few minutes' walk of the prison, in that direction to which the faces of the unhappy couple will be turned, and no doubt within sight of the gallows, is Minver-place, the scene of the dreadful tragedy for which they are about to pay the penalty of their lives. Nearly along the whole front of the gaol is a row of small houses, called Winter 'Terrace, each having about 40 feet of garden in front, and therefore afford ing a most unlimited amount of space for the erection of seats for spectators. It is but justice to state, however, that of these gardens only two at the west end had been fitted up for the occasion, The two houses alluded to were nearly facing the drop, and the seats for the accommodation of visitors were fitted up in a kind of amphitheatre style, one being erected above another; and no doubt the pro prietors of them reaped the highest sum of any on the occasion. The Masons'Arms, to the west of the terrace, was filled from top to bottom, and the extensive pre mises behind running down the corner of Swan street had been fitted up .with awnings. The win dows of the houses between it and the top of the lane had all been taken out, and were filled with spectators, and some had ensconced themselves on the pointed roofs, and very chimney-pots. On most of the houses placards were fixed intimating that goods were to be let. Thousands of peOple had assembled at an early hour last night, and they kept gradually increasing in numbers until daybreak this morning, when all approaches to the place of execution were completely blocked up. Better order was preserved than could have been expected, owing to the most indefatigable efforts of the police, who mus tered in great force. The crushing and swaying to and fro of the crowd was terific, as every now and then the police had to renew their efforts to keep clear the space immediately in front of the scaffold and to prevent the approach of the gradu ally thickening mob to the baricades which had been placed across the entrances of the different streets. Here were stationed policemen mounted on horseback, and the kicking and plunging of the animals they rode were not suffi cient to keep back the crowd. Many who had strength enough to keep their feet, and bear up against the con stant pressure and pushing and kicking which they were subject to throughout the night, were at break of day so exhausted as to be compelled to quit their positions, and give them up to those who had more recently arrived. Towards eight o'clock the excite ment of the crowd reached its highest point. THE GALLOWS. The machine of death was erected immediately over the porch of the prison. It was firm and sub stantially constructed, but it lacked the black cloth covering that is usually placed over the trap and planks of the drop of the Old Bailey. Of course it was the grand point at which all eyes were directed for hours before the fatal period of execution. The area in front and all the adjacent outlets were thronged almost to suffocation, but the precaution of erecting stout barriers had been adopted to break the waves of the multitude. These barriers were guarded by strong bodies of police, whose conduct was beyond all praise. They resorted to nothing in the shape of of violence to preserve order, using their tongues rather than their truncheons, and it is gratifying to know that this new policy of the po lice authorities has proved, in this instance at least, highly successful. Let merit be awarded then where merit is due, and, acting upon that trite but excellent maxim, we take leave to award our meed of praise to the police authorities for the tact, foresight, and humanity they displayed in the regu lations observed at this painful but necessary exhibition. Little can be said of the form, shape, and appearance of the gallows itself, further than in point of strength and position it was well adapted for its fatal pur pose. It occupied nearly the whole of the roof of the entrance-gate to the prison, and from the north it could be viewed with great distinctness. A number of chimnies built in stacks are to be seen at the back and sides of the roof, but with the exception of those at the back they did not seem to be in use. Strange to say one of those caught fire some half hour before the execution, and for a time the gallows was com pletely enveloped in smoke. Soon after this occur rence Calcraft and some of the gaol officials were ob served to ascend the scaffold, and inspect with it mi nuteness and attention TIIE POPULACE. Of all the multitudes it has been our lot to witness and examine at a scene like this, the most orderly and best behaved was that which had concentrated itself immediately in front and around the place of execution. Go where you would, little of that low ribaldry and brutal conversa tion which generally characterises such assemblies was ever, to be heard. It proved beyond all doubt or question that the admonitions of the press upon this subject have not been thrown away, and the tone and feeling that RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE. FRACAS BETWEEN THE SHREWSBURY AND CHESTER AND THE BIRKENHEAD RAIL• WAY COMPANIES. A dispute, which has occasioned considerable interest in railway circles, has just occurred between the two companies above-mentioned. In order to understand what follows, it will be necessary to ex plain how it originated. It appears that the Shrews bury and Birmingham line is to open this day (Monday), from whence the Shrewsbury and Chester Company always contemplated receiving some portion of the traffic between Liverpool and Birmingham, as the distance between these two towns is the same by the route of the London and North-Western and that via Birkenhead, Chester, and Shrewsbury. The latter route having the disadvantage of crossing the Mer sey, it is proposed by the Shrewsbury companies to make a reduction of charge in order to place the two routes on an equal footing, and for this purpose a mileage rate for the three companies interested in the Shrewsbury and Birmingham route should be agreed upon. This arrangement the Birkenhead Com pany declined to accede to, and it was therefore resolved by the other two companies competing for the passenger traffic with the London and North- Western to establish omnibuses from Chester to Birkenhead, at a less charge than the railway fare, so as to accommodate passengers who preferred a saving of money to a saving of time. These omnibuses have now continued to run from Chester to Birkenhead for several days, no doubt considerably diminishing thereby the amount of pas senger traffic on the Birkenhead line. The contract for the omnibuses is taken by Mr. Smith, an extensive omnibus proprietor in Chester, and it has been the practice of his drivers to take the omnibus direct to the booking offices at the Chester general station, and thence to carry such passengers from Shrewsbury and elsewhere as preferred omnibus to railway accommodation. On Thursday last an intimation was given by the manager at the station to the driver of one of the om nibuses, that he would not permit him again to enter the station premises, for the purpose of decoying passengers from using the Birkenhead line. No at tention, however, was paid to the prohibition, and in the afternoon the driver attended with his omnibus as usual, upon which the station-manager called in a policeman and gave him into custody. Immediately after the driver was conveyed to the lock-up a train, filled with " navvies," armed with clubs, was driven into the station, prepared for any work that might have been apportioned to them. As the prisoner, however, had been removed, no disturbance took place. On the following day (Friday) the driver was brought up at the Chester Police Court, charged by Mr. Jong, the station-manager, with wilfully im peding and obstructing the business of the station. Mr. C. W. Potts appeared for the complainant, and Mr. Kelsall, the law clerk of the Shrewsbury and Chester Railway Company, for the defendant. It appeared from the statement of Mr. Potts that the station was built at the joint expense of the London and North- Western, the Shrewsbury and Chester, the Chester and Holyhead, and the Birkenhead, Lancashire, and Cheshire Junction Railway Companies ; that its regu lation was cou.mitted to a committee consisting of two directors from each of the railway boards, who had appointed Mr. Jones as a general manager. By the regulations of the committee parties were ex cluded from plying from the station with omnibuses in the direction taken by the converging railways. Mr. Potts, therefore, contended that Mr. Jones was justified in ordering the driver off the station, and that the latter, by refusing to go, had impeded and obstructed the business of the station, and rendered him self liable to a penalty not exceeding 51., and in default two months' imprisonment under the Act 4th and sth Vic., chap. 97, sec. 16, commonly known as Lord Sey mour's Act. Mr. KELSALL argued that the omnibuses really belonged to the Shrewsbury and Chester Railway Company during the continuance of the contract with Mr. Smith ; that the Shrewsbury and Chester Com pany were part owners of the station, and as such had a right to authorise, and did authorise the defendant to enter upon and use the premises, and that Mr. Jones had never consulted the station committee before he ordered the defendant to be taken into custody. He stated these facts for the information of the magistrates, but denied at the same time their jurisdiction in the matter, as the question of right must necessarily be tried elsewhere. The Court consulted for a short time, and Mr. Porrs, the presiding magistrate, then gave its decision, to the effect that no " wilful impeding or obstructing" had been proved ; that the defendant believed that he had a right to act as he had done, in consequence of his instructions from the Shrews' bury and Chester Company; and that they roust therefore decline to adjudicate , and leave the pa rties to seek a remedy in the superior courts. The dispute between the railway companies seems likely to furnish some employment to the gentlemen of the long robe ; in fact, we understand proceedings have actually already been commenced. prevailed this morning amongst that immense and heterogeneous multitude must afford much pleasure to the philanthropist, as it clearly establishes an im provement in the spirit of the age. THE EXECUTION. A few minutes before the clock struck nine, the bell of the prisoner chapel was heard to give forth the fatal toll, and those who had collected in the vicinity of the scaffold were observed to uncover, which was taken up by the populace below as signal to do the same, and to call for silence. Immediately the roar of voices which had previously prevailed became hushed and still, and when the mournful cavalcade to emerge, as it were, from ;the roof, and ascend the steps of the scaffold. Calcraft went first, then came the Chaplain, followed by the wretched man Manning, who ascended the stairs with a firm step, but appeared pale and emaciated, arid seemed to be cry ing. He was dressed in deep black, with a long frock coat. The rope having been adjusted, and the cap drawn over his face, the female partner in his crime was brought first, and, like himself, walked with a firm step. She was attired in a black sattin dress, tightly bound round the waist with a long white collar, fas tened round her neck. On advancing upon the drop she observed her husband, doubt less for the first time since her trial, and as acting upon the impulse of the moment she seized his right hand and shook it for several minutes. During this time the chaplain and another person who was on the drop held an earnest conversation with them, after which the undersherirT advanced to the front of the roof, and said something which did not, however, reach our ears. The hangman then hurriedly com pleted his deadly preparations, and having a suddenly disappeared, in the next instant the slam of the drop was heard, and the dread sentence of the law had been accomplished. Manning gave a few convulsive jerks, and all was over, but his wife hail a long struggle with death, and it was some moments before the immortal spirit had quitted her body for DRAINAGE OF TIDAL TOWNS, TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sia,—An original suggestion for the drainage of London has been just made by Mr. Goldsworthy Gurney, proposing to take advantage of the tide of the Thames, running down seven hours, and only up five. The paper containing this suggestion has been put into my hands to examine into the correctness of certain data and calculations necessarily connected with its practical application. I have maturely con sidered the subject, and have been forcibly struck with its originality ; and at this moment, when our attention is so closely drawn to sanitary considerations, deem it important to be put before the public. I have obtained permission to do so; and if you think so with me it is very much at your service. He says —" The current of the Thames, in round numbers, at London- bridge, runs down seven hours and up five every tide—in winter more, in summer less — depending on the amount of rain-water. It runs at a rate of almost from five to seven miles per hour—no matter the exact rate, if we suppose that it ebbs and flows at the same ; it will be plain that anything thrown into, and forming part of the Thames at high water, would, in seven hours, be carried by the stream more than forty miles down the river, never to return. In order to snake this more clear, let us suppose a portion of the sewage (or what is better, a sea-log) to be thrown into the Thames, and to become part of the current, precisely at the turn of tide at high water, at London-bridge ; in seven hours, taking six miles per honr as the mean run of current, it would be carried forty-two miles down the river. On the return of the tide, even sup posing it to run up at the same rate, in five hours it will only have come up thirty miles ; and at the time of the next high water, at the turn of the tide, it would be full twelve miles below the bridge. It would now run down again for seven hours, and be carried 4 1 2 miles further, or 54 miles below London bridge. On the turn of the next tide it would be left 24 miles down the river, and so on, de scending 24 miles in 24 hours until it went clear into the sea. If our numbers are correct — they are not far from the truth—it is self-evident that if the sewage of London was collected and allowed only to run into the Thames at high water, like the sea-log above stated, it would at low water be forty-two miles down the river, never to return ; for five hours' flow would only bring it within twelve miles of the place from whence it started." He goes on to show that under such conditions the water of the Thames above London-bridge would be always pure ; that no pollution could affect it, and that the river below the bridge, instead of being, as now, constantly filled with filth, would only be fouled during the short period of the opening of the sluices—about an hour a day. His views are self-evidently true in principle ; he follows them up by a detail of arrange ments to suit the conditions in practice, which need not be stated here; but at the end of the paper appears the following anecdote, which so clearly shows the principle, and is so naturally put, that I cannot help giving it as it originally stands. He says :—" When I was a boy, I was much amused to observoa dead pig to flow up and down a tidal river, every day; as regularly as the day came my friend the pig came also ; he grew bigger and bigger, and shortened his visit about a mite a day, until at last he went to sea, and, poor fellow, I never saw him more. He made me a phi losopher. What could make a dead pig grow bigger ? If he bad been a living one the question never would have arisen—or why did he choose to shorten his visits so regularly a mile a day ?" Now it is evident, carrying out this anecdote in connexion with our subject, that if a " dead pig " were thrown over Waterloo-bridge at low water, he would go up with the tide for five hours, and he would in five hours more return, making ten hours. He would now only have two hours' ebb before he would meet the tide coming up ; consequently he would return again with it, and go up the river ; he might be seen every day for a week : but if he were thrown over at high water, he would float down for seven hours, and up only for five, consequently he never would be seen again within twelve miles of the bridge. The calculations of under-current, the fact of its being twelve and a half hours between tide and tide, difference in rate, &c., are all in favour of the prac ticability of its being carried out. I am, Sir, your obedient servant, King's College, Nov. 10. JAMES HANN. BIRMINGHAM AND OXFORD. It is rumoured in certain quarters that negotiy tions are pending between the London and North - Western and Great Western directors for the sale 01 the Birmingham and Oxford Railway to the form a company, who, it is said, are likely to obtain p o sses: sioa of it. We believe we are correct in stating tb lo negOtiations have been carried on for such a purpose, but that they have had an unsatisfactory t erm i n ationi One of the eonditions of the negotiations was, th, tl a the London- and North-Western Company shoo' advance 1,500,0001. on account of the purchase; There were other conditions respecting the limits °` the bread and narrow gauges. We can, however, _state that negotiations are being carried on b e tween. the two companies in the most friendly spirit Of working the traffic of the Birmingham and Oxfo ro j Birmingham, Dudley, and Wolverhampton, o °, some other connecting lines, with the greatest P° s sible economy. CALEDONIAN. We mentioned a few days since that the direct°r! of the Caledonian Railway had applied to the Lond'f, and North-Western Company for pecuniary assi!"o twee: On Saturday the application—viz , for L advance of some 200,000/. or 300,0001. upon t,.; rolling stock of the Caledonian Railway—was broug s ' under dsscussion at the monthly meeting of the L° n , don and North-Western board, and, after a ver,:',3 animated debate, it was resolved not to advance t`' sum required. NORTH STAFFORDSHIRE. re Some serious differences have arisen between - 0 directors of the North Staffordshire and the direct° , of the London and North-Western Railways rat specting the agreement entered into in 1845— .3 , 13 : 0 is, previous to the amalgamation 'of the old Lon 003 and Birmingham and Grand Junction—for taking t Manchester traffic over a portion of the North stall fordshire line. To carry out the agreement 1011 ho necessarily injure the amalgamated companies, / 1 0 , are now called upon to fulfil the terms of the sig t _ n r 0 ment. Their objection to do so arises, it seems .l .py it h the fact that a canal in connexion with the Mi n o Staffordshire Company is competing with the Lon .;,,a and North-Western for the goods' tra ffi c. It is stile that the latter company require this competition t ° , ; ,ti put an snd to before they bill consent to nee" - upon the basis of the agreement of 1845. SOUTH YORKSHIRE, DONCASTER, AND GOOLE. The portion of this line extending about nit°ooo miles in length, from Doncaster to the S win _Aa station, on the Midland Railway, was opened for UV; on Saturday. Four trains now run dail y each 0.1 between Doncaster and Sheffield. THE BINGLEY RAILWAY STATION.—The North Midland Railway directors have provided for the town of Bingley, which contains 7,000 inhabitants, a wooden station of the most wretched and disgraceful description. It consists of a clerk's room, about three yards square, at one end, a small open shed in the middle, and at the other end a room similar to the clerk's, dignified with the name of the " Ladies' waiting-room." During wet weather the clerks transact business with an umbrella over their heads, to protect themselves from the rain dropping through the roof. In the open shed are huddled together, first, second, and third class male and female passengers, sometimes for nearly an hour, ex posed to all kinds of weather, as the trains are fre quently this period behind time. The' ladies' waiting room" is avoided from the dread of cholera, for the stench arising from the conveniences, only separated by thin boards, is dreadful. It is expected that the Im provement Commissioners intend to indict the station as a nuisance, and that the inhabitants will take steps to compel the directors to provide them with proper and civilized aceommodation.—Leeds Intelligencer. ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS. —The following gentlemen, having undergone the necessary examina tions for the diploma, were admitted members of the college, at the meeting of the court of examiners on the 9th inst.:—Messrs. Alexander Williams, Army; Ralph Holt Kaye, Ratcliffe-bridge, Lancashire; John Robin son, Medhurst, Sussex; James Howell, St. Clere, Car marthenshire; Henry Nuttall, Syston, Leicestershire; Thomas John Warburton, Betley, Staffordshire; George Peat Dunn, Ledbury, Herefordshire; Walter Hook Bolton, Carriekraines county Dublin; George Fowler, Bodington, South Colfield, Warwickshire; and William Brett, Stratford-on-Avon. At the same meeting of the court, Mr. William Newman Brake passed his examina tion for naval surgeon. This gentleman had previously been admitted a member of the college, his diploma bearing date May 16, 1844. CALEDONIAN AND EDINBURGH AND GLASGOW RAILWAYS .—Various conferences have been held between a deputation of the Edinburgh and Glasgow directors, and the Committee of Investigation lately appointed by the shareholders of the Caledonian Railway, with a view to the amalgamation of these companies. The result is, that the above parties have agreed that an amalgamation, in fair terms, would be mutually beneficial. In the meantime, and to keep matters open, it has been agreed to give the necessary Parliamentary notices for a Bill to sanction the amalga mation. But of course when the terms of the amalga mation are further matured, the shareholders of both companies must be respectively convened to give their opinion on the expediency of this amalgamation, which we need not say, if eventually:carried out, of which there is a strong probability, will be an important era in our Scottish Railway annals.—Caledonian Mercury. James Matheson, Esq., M.P. for Ross and Cro marl, along with his brother, Colonel Matheson, UP., arrived in Edinburgh on Tuesday from Lewis, on their way to visit Sir J. Hall Douglass, Cockhurns-path, and thereafter will proceed to London. The registration of Essex county electors, just completed, gives 5,652 voters to the northern, and 5,514 to the southern division; being, as compared with the previous year, a decrease of 12 in the former, and an increase of 10 in the latter. ABERDEEN. dee The directors of this company have given 11 °' i t i e of their intention to apply to Parliament in „ - 1; ensuing session for power to increase the ettli' ; `,,o to make alterations in the authorised line' and statli c t in the vicinity of Aberdeen ; to repeal the;; o t amalgamating the Aberdeen,Companywith the (" r oe North of Scotland Company ; to authorise,„ r o directors to guarantee interest on the new P:i fi g which may be created by the company for P.inv off any mortgagees or bonds, and to guarante e 4 terest on any stock into which any new 1 1 ) 00 P' t o be censolidated. It is intended to apply for e i n ot , t to raise additional capital to the amount of 1.50 0 :„0; but it is expected that 12 0,0001. will be suffici" to provide the necessary stock for working the liv". HEALTH of the QUEEN DOWAGt (From the Court Circular.) "The Priory, Nov. 11, Evenitig;tlt "The Queen Dowager passed a languid &Pe her Majesty's cough has been much lesstrouble s°- " DAVID DAVIES, M.D. f) " RICHARD BRIGHT, :1 4 '"" 1 te P LEAMINGTON SPA, Nov. 12.—Among the„,; 6 o ll arrivals at the Spa are the following : —Lord LI: se Hamilton, Lord Clifton, Lord Waterpark, Coul l f " n uio Countess Rossi, Hon. Captain and Lab' ) 10 0 Ramsay, Hon. J. B. Kinsey, Sir S. M. Colville, p oll Mrs. Denman, Hon. George Talbot, General v,, e h " too' Lady Louisa and Lady M. Cathcart, Hon. S. Mr. and Lady B. Browne, Mr. David and Lac l l" -e gt* Rev. Sir Henry D. Broughton, Mr. Carnegi e •.,oo o J Hamilton, Mr. and Mrs. Adams, Dr. and Dirs. e,,rbope Mr. and Mrs. Whitbread, Colonel Spencer Stt" 14tr,0 Hon. Mrs. Macdonald and family, Captain 1 10 ,„', y •r) . Corbett, Captain Cooke, Captain E. H. Parry, Edwards, &c. The mercantile advices from Vienna of the t yo inst. mention that the new loan was still decliniog'ce o f last quotation being 2 discount. A further acivnrlai I per cent. had taken place in the prewium °ll r eel* wuich was now 12i ; while on silver it was 71 Pe rs ica' In the rate of exchange on . tondon there Was no Ptt' lar alteration. - THE FRENCH REP ÜBLIC. We have received the Paris journals of yesterday. The editors of the Paris newspapers met on Sun day, to consider the course to be adopted to prevent a repetition of the insult offered to their body on Wed nesday by M. DUPIN, at the suggestion of an obscure member of the parti-pretre. At the meeting LEOPOLD DURAS, EMILE DE GIAARDIN, BOILEY, and CHATARD, were elected Syndics. A fog prevailed in Paris during the whole of Sun day ; its denseness was such as to obscure even the gas-lights. The Veterinary School at Lyons has been re opened, but the pupils are not permitted to carry arms or to wear an uniform. Several steamers are being fitted out at Toulon to form part of the expedition against Morocco. M. DE FALLoux has gone to Nice. According to, the last accounts from Algeria, the Arabs of Zartcha still held out.' PARIS BOURSE, Nov. 12.—Last Prices.—Five per Cents_, 89f. 45c.; Three per Cents., 56f. 75c.; Bank of France, 2,350 f. BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, Nov. U. Northern of France, 2% dis.—Rouen and Havre, 9 1 A — Sambre and Meusa, 1%. GERMANY AND IE NORTHERN STATES, BADEN. The following extract from a Baden latter shows how widely democratic principles are spread among the soldiers of Germany :•—" The Baden officers who were compromised in the late revolutionary move ment were to be tried by a court of honour, com posed of their peers. A very singular difficulty has arisen in the formation of this court of honour. There have not been found a sufficient number of officers altogether exempt from reproach, and it was necessary to have recourse to the officers of the Prus sian army of occupation." The German troops Baden are to be placed under the command of General VON PUCIINER, in order to be in readiness to march into Schleswig- Holstein, in the event of a renewal of the war wich Denmark. DENMARK AND THE DUCHIES. Intelligence has been received from Copenhagen to the 6th. A royal circular, dated the 4th, was issued, com• manding the elections for the next ordinary Diet ; those for the Folkething for the 4th; and those for the Landesthings National Assembly for the 29th instant. The Fadrelandet asserts that notes have just been received from the Austrian and Prussian Govern ments, demanding negotiations on the settlement of the relation► of Holstein to Germany, and in regard to Schleswig, that of giving the KING the right of regulating the various relations, and suppressing the insurrections without foreign interference. BELGIUM. BRUSSELS, Nov. 10 —His Majesty arrived at the Palace of Leeken to-day. There will, doubtless, he a Cabinet Council, at which the KING will preside, and at which the speech from the throne will be decided upon. At a sitting of the communal council, this day the burgomaster read a report on the cholera. it appears that_ the epidemic, which commenced on the 24th of April, ceased on-the 27th of October ; the number of cases amounted to 1.244, of which 1,013 proved fatal. Of these, 931 were residents, 17 military, 15 prisoners, and 50 foreigners. High commendations were passed upon the medical men, the officers of the police, the Sisters of Charity, the clergy, &c., for their inde• fatigable exertions ; and it was decided that a medal should be struck and presented to each individual, as a souvenir of their eminent services.—Journal du Commerce. THE MEDITERRANEAN FLEET. Admiral PARKER'S fleet was seen from the heights of the Pireeus on the 23d. It continued its passage to Smyrna. CIRCASSIA. Russia has commenced negociations with Circassia and has offered to make large concessions to secure peace. PRINCE ALBERT'S VISIT TO BIRMINGHAM. BIRMINGHAM, MONDAY.—His Royal Highness Prince Albert, accompanied by Colonel Grey and Colonel Gordon, arrived at Mr. Bacon's, the Queen's Hotel, in this town, at twenty-five minutes past eleven o'clock this morning. The Prince and his party left Windsor by the Great Western Railway for London shortly before eight o'clock, and started from Euston-square at ten minutes to nine. Thus, includ ing two stoppages of four minutes each at Leighton end Weedon to bke in water, the entire distance be tween London and Birmingham (112 miles) was traversed in two hours and thirty-five minutes. It has seldom or ever been performed in so short a space of time. The engine was under the control of Mr. M'Connell, the superintendent of the locomotive de partment. Mr. Creed and Mr. J. T. Ledsam, direc tors of the London and North-Western Company ; and Mr. Robinson, the manager of the Birmingham station, were also in attendance. On the arrival of his Royal Highness at the Bir mingham station he was received by George Lucy, Esq. (Mayor of the borough), S. Thornton, Esq. (late Mayor), Colonel Arbuthnot (Commandant of the dis trict), and other authorities. His Royal Highness having partaken of a slight repast, proceeded along with the gentlemen already named to visit the splendid exhibition of manufactures and arts at Bingley House, which has recently so justly attracted public attention. Notwithstanding the comparative privacy of the visit, the expected ar rival of the Prince had become known, and he was loudly cheered as he passed along the streets of the town leading to the place of exhibition. On his arrival at Bingley House the Prince was met by the committee of the British Association, in charge, with Mr. Shaw, of the exhibition. The exhibitors had all received letters of invitation to at tend upon the occasion. Altogether there were present from 150 to 200 persons. Mr. Westley Richards, the eminent gun-maker, acted as the chief conductor of his Royal Highness through the entire establishment, but the articles exhibited upon the various stalls were, as far as time would allow, elabo rately explained by the respective exhibitors. The Prince, on more than one occasion, evinced great knowledge of mechanical .construction. The Bir mingham people, good judges in these matters, were much struck at their visitor's quick apprehension. The most amusing part of to-day's exhibition, was his Royal Highness's testing, as he did, most potently, the temper of a sword in the presence of a Quaker member of the Peace Society. It was remarked that the Prince paid more particular attention to the articles of Birmingham manufacture than he did to those produced at a distance. His Royal Highness ex pressed himself delighted with his visit, and declared his great admiration of the many works of art and manufacture which had been brought under his notice. The visit to the exhibition lasted nearly three hours. On leaving Bingley House it was found that a large number of the artisans of the neighbourhood had assembled in the streets contiguous. The police, under the superintendent Stephens, were most active ; and the populace, although noisy, were respectful. Prince Albert returned to the Queen's Hotel about half-past two, and entertained the ex and present Mayor of Birmingham, Colonel Arbuthnot and his personal suite, at the Queen's Hotel, at a luncheon, provided by Mr. Bacon. They left Birmingham at eight minutes to three o'clock, and were expected to arrive at Euston-square at half past five. COURT CIRCULAR. WINDSOR, MONDAY. The Queen walked this morning on the Slopes and Eastern Terrace. The Royal Family took their accustomed airings. His Royal Highness Prince Albert, attended by Lieut.-Colonel Hon. Charles Grey and Lieut.-Colonel A. C. Gordon, left Windsor Castle for Birmingham at twenty minutes before eight o'clock this morning, to inspect the exhibition of manufactures and art in that town. His Royal Highness travelled by a special train on the Great Western Railway to London, and from thence by the North Western Railway to Birming ham. His Royal Highness is expected to return to Windsor Castle about seven o'clock. Her:Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent will' i dine with the Queen and Prince Albert this evening. The nomination of Sheriffs for the different coun ties of England andXales, for the ensuing year, took place yesterday (the morrow of St. Martin) in the Court of Exchequer, before the Right Hon. Sir C. Wood, Chancellor of the Exchequer ; Earl Grey, Secretary of State for the Colonies; Lord Campbell, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster ; the Marquis of Clanricarde, Postmaster-General; the Right Hon. Sir Thomas Wilde, Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas ; the Right Hon. Sir Frederick Pollock, Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer ; and the Judges of the Courts of Queen's Bench, Common Pleas, and the Exchequer. Three gentlemen were nominated for each county. Mr. C. Greville and the Hon. William Bathurst, the Clerks of her Majesty's Privy Council, were in attendance. Ignorance, as far as learning is concerned, is no disgrace to those who have never possessed the means of improvement. It is otherwise, however, when oppor tunity has been neglected,—Eliza_C2ok's Journal. OF THE MANNINGS. (THIS DAY.) To-day, in this great metropolis, an appalling crime has been consummated by an appalling expiation. Once more, for the instruction and warning of the civilized world at large, has the inviolability of human life been vindicated and symbolized ly the ignominious immolation of those by whom it was outraged. Once again inflexible justice proclaims " An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth." Swift and unerring oft is the pursuit of justice. But three short months ago and the inhabitants of this great city were horrified by the discovery and details of a deed of blood, as atrocious as any that has ever stained, with indelible infamy, its gloomy annals ef crime. Now,-;:after a brief interval, the perpetrators of that deed, for a time shrouded in mystery, have been dragged into the light of day and put to a fearful end ; and the public mind again sickens at the spectacle or the recital. Vain alike were the precautions taken to baffle discovery or to facilitate flight. A few days more, and all trace of the ill-fated Patrick O'Connor would have been completely obli terated ; the quick lime would have rapidly done its work of decomposition ; and the Mannings, husband and wife, rescued from justice, would have walked the earth carrying about with them a hor rible secret, than which death itself would have been a thousand times preferable. They might have revelled in the luxuries which their ill-gotten wealth would have commanded, but their cup would have been embittered by an ingredient with which the sufferings and privations of the se verest, if virtuous, penury are never mingled. But it was otherwise ordered, as it ever is in all such cases ; and_outragei Justice has, in the fact which so speedily vindicates her omnipotence, mercifully rescued her victims from a life, which, though it might have given scope and opportunity for repent ance, could only have been haunted by a fearful reminiscence, rendering it intolerably burdensome. The same amazing infatuation characterised the perpetrators of this crime which ever distinguishes the agents and actors in all kindred ones. As if bereft of ordinary instinct or reason, invariably do they carry about with them some indelible or damning evidence of their guilt or complicity. There is always the spot of blood, overlooked or half erased, on the murderer's habiliments, or some incident, slight and trivial in itself, constituting often the only link wanting in the chain which indissolubly connects him with the crime and seals his doom. Alarmed at the first appearance of the emissaries of justice, Aiaria Manning sought safety in flight, and but that, with incredible fatuity, she carried about her person the documents which established her guilt beyond all question, she might, in all human probability, long have remained at large, though she must, sooner or later, inevitably have been captured. Equally demented was the partner alike of her crime and her bosom. Weeks, in which a distant flight might have been achieved, penniless and destitute though he soon must have become, were spent in hovering about the very confines of the land which he had Folluted by his crime, as if he were spell-bound by emotions which disarmed him alike of common prudence and that feeling of self-preservation which is the strongest instinct of the human heart. But it is always so. The circumstances in such cases may be varied, but the issue is ever the same. There is something attaching to the crime of murder which defies conceal ment, and sooner or later conducts its perpetrators to the scaffold. By this enormous crime and its results the world is taught a solemn, an impressive lesson. It shows to what a fearful termination the evil passions of our common humanity, once let loose, may lead. The intimacy of the Mannings with Patrick O'Connor was an un hallowed one—characterized by an insatiate lust on the one side and the greatest avarice and cupidity on the other. It is beyond a doubt that, throwing to the winds the sacred obligations of marriage, and the sweet and ennobling impulses of chastity, she had for some time carried on an adulterous intercourse with the man in whose blood she eventually imbrued her hands. Her youth and beauty had from the first awakened in him the livelieat emotions of affection, which, though legitimate in the beginning, found after wards an unhallowed and forbidden gratification. For him, who had passed his prime, and could no longer boast of the vigour or comeliness of early manhood, she could have had no passion but au unholy one. Obeying the strong native instinct of a youthful heart, she united herself in the holy relationship of marriage with one who was at least her equal in years and in station. So far her motives were pure and praiseworthy; but, forgetful of the requirements of that new relationship, she continued to yield to the solicitations of a previous amour, and in that consisted her first great lapse from the paths of virtue. Nor was her husband blameless in this matter. He appears to have connived at her intimacy with O'Connor,and to have stifled the feelings of jealousy and manly indignation which it would have awakened in an ingenuous mind, or merged them in the same mercenary considerations which animated his faith less wife. Mark the end ! See how, eventually, the unholy passion of O'Connor, the avarice of his para mour, and the baseness of Manning himself, culmi nated in that atrocious catastrophe which consigned the first, " unanointed and unanealed,": to: a violent death, and an unconsecrated grave, and the two last to the ignominy of the scaffold. What a stern moral lesson is here taught to the men and women of this vast metropolis, and wherever the details of this horrible crime and its awful retribution shall find their way. To those who have long held dalliance with vice in any shape or form, or who may be hovering on the verge of crime itself, rightly applied, " read, marked, and inwardly digested," it may be the means of snatching them from the abyss of an impending doom ; and to those, happier far, who have never wandered from "the direct forethought " and the straight line of duty, may it prove the medium of confirming them more stedfastly in the choice and pursuit of virtue, which shall secure to them all that is delightful, or joyous, or ennobling, in this mortal life, and the blessed enjoyment of another and a better one. "He that hath ears to hear let him hear. , Proceed we now to a detail of the circumstances pre ceding and attending the execution. THE LOCALITY OF THE PRISON AND ITS APPROACHES. Long before daybreak this morning we were bending our way from a distant suburb mto the scene of execution, in the discharge of our public duty. Surprised were we to find as we :proceeded so little indication of " the coming event." The great t h oroug hf a r e s through which we passed were comparatively silent and deserted. In Cheapside itself, that great artery of the metropolis, only here and there did we discover a solitary individual or two, who seemed wending their way to the same destination as ourselves. But as we neared London bridge, and the day began to break, which was cloudless and serene in the extrem e , th e sce ne wore a very different phase. Crowds of persona, mostly young men and boys, of the operative class, were seen emerging from the streets and purlieus in every direction, and filing along the bridge ; and as we threaded our way through the Borough the immense moving mass of human beings, which gathered strength as it pro seeded, became denser and denser still. In Black man-street it was met by equally formidable crowds, who had approached the scene by way of Black friars, Waterloo, and Westminster bridges. It was a motley tumult of jaded prostitutes, emaciated artizans, and dirty, raw, and scantily-clothed lads. We were surprised to see in the crowd so large a num ber of persons apparently respectable, so far as dress made them so, but most of all to meet many young women, tidily and well apparelled. The only consider able approach to the scaffold was from Blackman street, through Trinity and Swan-streets; and by seven o'clock both of those were thronged by an im meme crowd such as we have described. At the foot of Swan-street a barrier was thrown across, which prevented the space in the immediate vicinage of the