The Sun. — London, England, 1849-11-13 00:00:00

Vtttrtt Vlabtit SUN OFFICE, Seven o' Cloc:4. AMERICAN NEWS. ARRIVAL OF THE NIAGARA. (BY ELECTRIC TELEGRA PH.) LIVERPOOL, TUESDAY, Nov. 13. We have just to hand one week's later intelligence from New York and the British American possessions, per the steam ship Niagara, which left New York on the 30th ult., and Halifax on the 2d instant, and arrived here a few minutes since. Business good at New York, and improving. The money market continued in a satisfactory condition. United States Sixes 114, Treasury Notes 1121, Pennsylvania 89. The market for bread stuffs has been doing little. Prices had receded slightly. Exchange on London 1101 to 1101. There is nothing important from Canada. The Niagara has 60,0001. specie on board. FRAN CE. The Afoniteur publishes the following circular, dated the ilth, from the Minister of the interior to the Prefects of the departments " Monsieur le Prelet,—lt is the duty of the Govern ment to require, from all the functionaries to whom it accordsits confidence, an energetic and sincere devotedness to the cause of order. Order means authority every where obeyed and respected, security for all persons, labour protected and confident as to the future, and liberty within the limits of the law. In a time of calm, when things follow their regular course, the administration, invested with high patronage, may look at political struggles with a sort of neutrality; all that is then necessary is the pacific co-operation of ideas and doctrines. But in a time of serious convulsion, when these struggles are for the greater part violent, and have for their object the overthrow or the maintenance of social o rder, the part of the administrators becomes mo re active, and their operations more extensive and more imperative. They aro then the first soldiers of order; it is their duty to rush to every breach, to defend it with energy, and to endeavour by intelligent and assiduous efforts to close it. To resist the enterprises of anarchy is not reaction against progress, it is to secure its course and enlighten its object. The policy of the Govern ment of the Republic has two essential conditions: irresistible firmness in the execution of the laws, and prudent and enlightened solicitude for all interests. It is by useful and patriotic efforts, such as those which I require from your zeal, that you will rally to the present Government all the men of order, and re alise that cohesion of views and tendencies which is so necessary to the work of defence and salvation which it is our mission to accomplish. The active and watchful co-operation which I confidently expect from you, you will rigorously exact from all functionaries placed under your orders ; you will obtain it, Monsieur le Profet, from all good citizens, whom love for their country and a regard for their own interests ought to draw round a strong and vigilant administration. It is necessary that the impulse should be general, energetic, and sustained, in order to produce all its effect. We take our example is the conduct of the Chief of the G +verriment himself, who has loudly and firmly ma nFeated his will not to forget any one of the obli gations of his popular mandate. The course that he indicates to us with the sure instincts of his patriotism is the best; let us not hesitate to engage in it with him; we shlll find him euarageous and persevering; our surest r«,ward will be in the conviction of having accom plished our difficult and imperative duties, and in the gratitude of a society whose adversaries increase in number and violence only in proportion with the weak ness and hesitation of those who are called upon to govern. Be assured, Monsieur le Preset, that the proofs which you shall give of your devotedness to the cause of the country shall be faithfully reported to the President of the Republic, who so well knows how to appreciate the service rendered to France, and who feels sincere joy when the cccasion presents itself for rewarding them. I desire that you should make me acquainted within the shortest possible delay with your opinion of the state of things in your department, with the wants which are there manifested, and the measures which you consider necessary to strengthen authority and protect order, so necessary for the liberty and the prosperity of the coun try—Receive, M. Preset, the assurance of my very distinguished consideration. " FERDINAND BARROT." The Presse says :—" M. earlier has caused to be effaced from the head of the placard which made known his proclamation to the public the words — Republique Francaise, Liberte, Egalite, Frgternite. It is positively stated that, by his orders, the words will be henceforth omitted from all the documents of the Prefecture of Police." The Moniteur publishes the following official ac count of the reception of the new American Minister by the PRESIDENT of the French Republic "On Thursday evening last the President of the Republic received, in a private audience, the Minister of the Uhiteel States, with whom the communications bad been interrupted, in consequence of the difference that has arisen between M. Poussin and the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Cabinet at Washington. Toe President of the Republic declared to the Minister of the United States that, notwith standing the faults which it was right to admit on both sides, he willingly took the first step towards the re establiohmeut of good harmony between the two countries ; and that a susceptibility which would be, perhap.., natural with respect to a Monarchy, did not appear to him to have the same serious motive as regarded an elder Republic. He added that, however jealous he ought to be of the honour of France, he had too high an opinion of the enlightened character of General Taylor, to hesitate a moment in acknowledging the pain which he felt at seeing sentiments of friendship, so intimate and of such ancient date, altered on account of a misunderstanding without importance. " The Ambassador of the United States received this frank and loyal declaration with entire cordiality." It is said that the Government has received dispatches from Rome, announcing the approaching return of the POPE to the Holy City. CENTRAL GERMANY. _ The franchise of the electors to the German Par liament of the Prussian Federation is confined to those who have a vote in the management of the communes, and who pay direct taxes. It is said that Parliament will assemble not at Erfurth, but at a town on the Rhine. PRUSSIA. Several meetings of the Opposition have of late been held, which hive been dispersed by the police. The resistance was in some cases so obstinate that the police had recourse to weapons : the ill feeling towards the Government is increasing in intensity every day. AUSTRIA AND HUNGARY. A deputation of Slovacks arrived at Vienna on the sth, to demand the abolition of corporal and other punishments, which they said were as severe under the new Austrian functionaries as they had been under the Magyars. A letter from Vienna of the 6th states that the corps darrn.(,e in Bohemia had received considerable rein forcements. By decree of the Emperor of Austria, of the sth, a ne w ,judicial organization of Hungary is made ; it puts an end to all privileged jurisdictions, establishes pf-rmanent tribunals of district;, with a superior court for all the kingdom, and etfecti important reforms; bat it declares that the country is mot yet sufficiently tranquil to allow of the jury being established. RUSSIA. A letter from St. Petersburgh of the Ist instant says : —" The cholera, which has existed in this capital with greater or less intensity during the long space of nearly three years, that is to say, from Nov. 26, 1846, has at last lost its epidemic character. From the 10th of last October the number of new cases of this malady has only been from 1 to 3 per (by, so that the municipal au! hoz hies have now given over publishing any more bulletins." . A letter from Kalish of the Ist says, that a recent ukase of the Emp.ror of Russia establishes seven new series of taxes in Poland. ITALY. The Opinione of Turin, of the Bth, says that the Constitution of the Lombardo-Venetian kingdom is shortly to be published. The provinces of Lombardy and V,nice are each to have a separate Consulta, and a common Parliament is to be established for the whole kingdom, which would, moreover, send Depu ties to the general Parliament of the empire. The Concordia of Turin, of the 7th, states that Count Terence Mamiani has been elected a deputy by the town of Pignerol. General Pepe left Turin for Paris on the 7th, highly gratified by the kind reception he had met with at the hands of Victor Emmanuel. The Legge of Turin states from Rome, Nov. 3, that the Commigsion of Cardinals having ordered the iikrnis.33l of 13 noble guards, Prire3 Barberini, Com mandl;nt of that body, threatened to la down hi s commend, unless the order was revoked. lie obt a i ne d his demand, on condition of his convoking a court- martial to judge their conduct. A letter from Rome of the 2d, quoted by th e Piedmontese Gazette, states that M. de Corcelles has lett Rome, to entreat of the P o p e to return to that city. General Rostolan intended to follow him for the same purpose. The Riforma of Lucca, of the sth, states that the new plan of the Tuscan Government for opening a 1 an by subscription and public auction has been favourably received. It hopes to obtain the support of two great Tuscan banking-houses, who are to be aided in the operation by the hank of Rothschild. General d' Aspre has not yet left Florence; it is said the order for his recal has been revoked. ---- on\ THE LONDON GAZETTE. (THIS EVENING.) FOREIGN-OFFICE, Nov. 9, 1849. The Queen has been pleased to approve of M. Antoine Schembrias Consul, at Malta, for his Majesty the Kilz 0 C . the Belgians. DOWNING-STREET, Nov. 13. The gL ieen has been pleased to appoint Henry John Glanville, Eb . q., to be Chief Justice for the Is land of St. Christopher. lao been pleased to appoint Henry Her Majesty has Isles Woodcook, Esq., be Chief Justice for t he Island of Dominica. Her Majesty has further been pleased to appoint Archibald Paull Burt,Esq., to be her Majesty's Attorney. eneral for the Island of St. Christopher. ADMIRALTY, Nov. 12. The following promotions have taken place, dated the 30th ultimo, consequent on the death of Admiral of the Fleet, Sir James Hawkins Whitshed, Bart., G.C.B. : Admiral of the Red, Sir Thomas Byam Martin, G.C.8., to be Admiral of the Fleet. Admiral of the White, Joseph Bullen, to be Admiral of the Red. Admiral of the Blue, Honourable Sir Thomas Bladen Capel, K.C.8., to be Admiral of the White. Vice-Admiral of the Red, Sir Edward Durnford King, Knt., to be Admiral of the Blue. Vice-Admiral of the White, Christopher John Wil liams Nesham, to be Vice-Admiral of the Red. Vice-Admiral of the Blue, Henry Gordon, to be Vice- Admiral of the White. Rear-Admiral of the Red, Sir Josiah Coghill Coghill, Bart., to be Vice-Admiral a the Blue. Rear-Admiral of the WI - lite, Sir Edward Thomas Troubridge, Bart., C. 8., to be Rear -Admiral of the Rod. Rear-Admiral o f the Blue, Edward Harvey, to be Rear- Admiral of the White. Captain Maurice Frederick Fitahardinge Berkeley, C. 8., to be Rear-Admiral of the Blue. The under-mentioned Officers have been also pro moted to the rank of Retired Rear-Admiral, on the terms proposed in the London Gazette of the Ist Sep tember, 1846, without increase to their pay; Retired Captain Thomas Dick. Retired Captain William Isacc Scott. ADMIRALTY, Nov. 12. The following promotions have also taken place, dated the sth inst., consequent on the death of Rear-Admiral Sir Samuel John Brooke Pechell, Bart. C. 8., K.C.H.: Rear-Admiral of the Blue, William Fitzwilliam Owen, to be Rear-Admiral of the White. Captain Sir David Dunn, Kaight, K.C.H., to be Rear- Admiral of the Blue. And the undermentioned officer has been also pro moted to the rank of Retired Rear-Admiral, on the terms proposed in the London Gazette of the Ist September, 1846, without increase to his half-pay, viz.:— Retired Captain Bertie Cornelius Caton WHITEHALL, Nov. 5. The Right Honourable Sir Thomas Wilde Knt., Lord Chief Justice of her Majesty's Cou r t of Wilde, Pleas, at Westminster, has appointed Joseph Shipton, of Chesterfield, in the county of Derby, Gentleman, be one of the Perpetual Commissioners for taking the acknowledgments of deeds to be executed by married women, under the Act passed for the abolition of fines and recoveries, and for the substitution of more simple modes of assurance, in and for the county o' Derby. WHITEHALL, Nov. 5. The Right Honourable Sir Thomas Wilde, Knt., Lord Chief Justice of her M.,,jesty's Court of Common Pleas, at Westminster, has appointed Charles Dixon Craig, of Shrewsbury, in the county of Salop, Gentle man, to be one of the Perpetual Commissioners for tuki: g the acknowledgments of deeds to be executed by married women, under the Act passed for the abolition of fines and recoveries, and for the substitution of more simple modes of assurance, i❑ and for the county of Salop. WHITEHALL, iNov. 5. The It'ght Honourable Sir Thomas Wilde, Knt , Lord Chief Justice of her Majesty's Court of Common Pleas, at Westminster, has appointed Edward Falkner Fair thorne, of Brackley, in the county of Northampton, Gentleman, to be one of the Perpetual Commissioners for taking the acknowledgments of deeds to be executed by married women, under the Act passed for the aboli tion of fines and recoveries, and for the substitution of more simple modes of assurance, in and for the county of Northampton. WHITEHALL, Nov. 5. The Right Honourable Sir Thoinas Wilde, Knt., Lord Chief Justice of her Majesty's Court of Common Pleas, at Westminster, has appointed Charles James Gunner, of Bishop's Waltham, in the county of Hants, Gentl-- man, to be one of the Perpetual Commissioners for taking the acknowledgments of deeds to be executer+, by married women, under the Act passed for the aboli tion of fines and recoveries, and for the substitution of more simple modes of insurance, in and fur the county of Hants. BANKRUPTS. John Ormsby Culyer,gas6tter, Edmonton, Middlesex to surrender Nov. 22, at two, and Dec. 27, at eleven, al the Court of Bankruptcy. Bell, official assignee, Cole• man-street-buildings; Bishop, New Bridge-street, Black. friars. _ _ John Jones, wine merchant, Knightsbridge-terrace, Knightsbridge, Nov. 30, at one, and Dec. 21, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Groom, official assignee, A.bcburch-lane. Dimmock and Burbey. Suffolk- lane. John Cowlishaw, victualler, Derby, Dec. 7, and Jan. 4, at 11, at the Birmingham District Court. Bittleston, official assignee, Nottingham ; W histon and Son, Derby Bowley, Nottingham. John Houston, hotel keeper, Whitby, Yorkshire, Nov. 23 and Dec. 21, at eleven, at the Leeds District Court. Young, official assignee, Leeds ; Pringle, Ste venson, and Shum, King's-road, Bedford-row ; Ste phenson, Whitby. Charles Sanderson, iron merchant, Sheffield, Nov. 24, and Dec. 22, at twelve, at the Leeds District Court. Freeman, official assignee, Sheffield; Aldam, Sheffield. James Saunders, licensed victualler, Liverpool, Nov. 22 and Dec. 27, at eleven, at the Liverpool District Court. Bird, official assignee, Liverpool ; Tyrer, Li verpool, COURSE OF EXCHI .kmiteriam ..........12 3% .NGE.-(THIS DAY.) Ditto, at sight • • .... 12 1% Rotterdam .... • • .... 12 3% Antwerp 25 SO aamburgh .• • 31.8 .13 14% Paris, 3 days'sight . • 25 55 Ditto, 3 months • 25 75 Marseilles •• • • ...... • • 25 77% Bourdeaux..... •.. . 25 77% Frankfort on Maine.... 122% Peter sburgh, Sll. Ebbe .• 36% Berlin.. .. •• .• .. •• • • Vienna, effee. fib •• .• .. 11 3 Trieste, ditto.... • • .... 11 3 Madrid .... 49% 8i1ba0................ — Barcelona • • • • .. • • • • • • Leghorn 31 - 0 Genoa 26 70 Allan Venice ........ • • • • .... gaples .......... 4C 7i I Palermo, par0z........ 121 Messina .............. 121 Lisbon.... .......... 53% 0p0rt0.... • • .... • • .. • . 53 1 4 Rio Janeiro • . Buenos Ayres New York,2ldays'sight Philadelphia .... • • • • . • rsicEs OF BULLION, p QE. Foreign Gold inihtrs.. £3 17 9 Portugal Gold Coin •• o o 0 Spanish Doubloons .• 0 0 0 New Dollars ••• • • • 0 4 10 Silver la bars .. ••• • • . 0 4 11% MARKET INTELLIGENCE. (From the London New Price Current, Nov. 13.) SUGAR.—To day the West India market presented a quiet aspect, and only limited purchases were made in grocery or refined sorts. Merchants appeared more disposed to sell, and accepted prices in several in stances 63 par cwt under those of Friday. The total quantity sold amounted to 510 hhds, &c., including at public sale 150 hhds Barbadoes, which went at easier rates for inferior and middling, but at former terms for other kinds; fine yellow realized 51s, and low to good 36s 61 to 40s. 51 hhds Demerara chrystallized sold at steady rates; greyish at 42s 6tl to 445, brown 38s to 41s, one lot low 345. 19 hhds Trinidad went at 35s for ordi nary soft yellow, being rather cheaper. REFINED.—To-day Refined Sugar was purchased with caution for home trade purposes, and prices have still a downward tentendy. Sales of brown Lumps were made at 475, and fair grocery at 48s. Bonded Crushed Sugar is still in good demand for export at former terms. MAURITIUS —This afternoon there was no public sale of Mauritius Sugar, and the limited parcels disposed of by private treaty were at rather lower rates. EAST INDIA.—This afternoon four public sales of Bengal Sugar took place consisting of 7,135 bags ; the grainy kinds all sold at from 41s 61 to 44s for good to tine, these are full rates; the remainder consisted of Mauritius sorts, and only in part sold, geneaally at 6d decline; brown went at from 31s 61 to 33s 6d, low yel low 34s to 355, mid 363 to 375, good 37s GI to 38s, flue and superior 38s 6d to 40s. Of Madras, 649 bags only partly found purchasers at rather lower rates; ord to good soft brown went at 29s 6d to 30s 61, low yellow 31s, mid 34s 6d, good 36s to 36s Gd. 3,061 bags Ma nilla, a part only sold at 34s to 35s for strong greyish brown, and at 33s to 34s for syrupy. FOREIGN.—To-day there was no public sale for Fo reign Sugar, and by private treaty operations were to a lair extent for export, whilst full rates are paid for white, brown, and yellow kinds. bfoLassrs.--West India met with less attention, and prices are not so firm, still there is only a limited supply at market. The private sales have been only 100 puns of Demerara and Trinidad at 163 to 158 6d, and small parcels of better sort at 16s 6tl to 18s. For Bengal Treacle the market has a quiet appearance, and a desire is evinced to sell at 14s 6d to 15s; the tendency of prices is evidently downwards, and a larger quantity is on offer. COCOA.—The low prices current for Foreign have at length attracted attention, and by private treaty 1,000 bags Guayaquil were disposed of at 26s per cwt. In West India operations have been upon a more extended scale, in consequence of rather lower rates having been acceded to, and 350 bags Trinidad at auction were all sold at from 38s to 443 per cwt. An impression exists that prices have arrived at their lowest point, although there is a larger stock. COFFEE.—This afternoon there was less excitement in the Coffee market, shippers and dealers were not so willing to purchase: at public sale, 377 casks and 1,000 bags Plantation Ceylon were offered, and about two thlrds sold at the former value—fine at 65s to 70a, good 60s to 645, mid '578 to 595; low mid 54s to 555, other sorts 48s to 535, and triage 42s 6d to 48s. Native is less wanted, and 400 bags at auction were taken in at 46a to 46s 6d, for good ord; 57 bales 92 hf-do Mocha went at higher rates, good greenish clean garbled at 60s to 645, low mid 545, and triage at 34s to 375; 278 bags Madras fine sold at 62s GA to 63s Gd, goo d or d 44s 6:1;420 bags Manilla, good ord pale 46s to 46s 6d; 60 bags Rio taken in at 43s 6d, and 80 bags St. Dural 43s T 6 E d A. f — or TEA. - m ngo at 455, but 97 bags Java sold at prove meat has taken, place in the demand for Green, and large parcels ( have been disposed of at fully former terms, indeed an advance of id to id. per lb; theoluonwgerHxds on continuerealisrealis ed most in request. For the better sorts of scented n caper and orange Pekoe there are still fr ee b uyers at from 1 Is 3d to Is 7d. Black Tea is not offered at any further decline, still town and country dealers continue to operate with caution. For ord and good ord Congou holders ask 80 to 9d, mixed blackish leaf 9d to 141, blackish leaf rather strong 11 e to is 00, ditto strong Is Id to is 2d, fine and Pekoe flavor la 2d to is 9d per lb. None has been offered at auction, but a parcel of Assam is declared. RICE.—To - day there a as no public sale of East India Rice, but by private treaty operations are upon rather a larger scale, and former rates are well supported. SPICES.—To-day at auction 22 bags of Ceylon Cinna mon were taken in at 110 to is 2d; 4 cases Penanc , Cloves, mid Is 2d; 441 bags African sold at 7d to 70', ord Cid, and damaged bid to 7d, these are rather lower rates; 195 bags Pimento sold well, mid and good 54d to 50; 7 pks Nutmegs, ord and good mid brown 2s 63 to 3s 2d, broken is 7d to 2s, wormy 10d to ls, and fair limed 2s 6d; 112 bags wild in the shell taken in 6d; 44 bags Malabar Pepper was withdrawn; 220 bags Malabar Ginger sold at 228 for fair wormy export sortss; 2 cases Mace ord and good ord red lld to 2s ld per lb. SPlRlTS.—Leeward Island Rum has not improved in value, still operations have been upon a large scale, and amount to 800 puns at is 40 to is 5d per gallon proof. At these rates there are not generally sellers. In East India a good trade has been concluded at fully former terms, and the sales arc 400 hogshead at is 3d to Is 3d proof. Of Demerara several parcels have been disposed of at from 2s to 2s 3d for 30 to 36 per cent over proof. Previous rates are insisted upon for all sorts of Jamaica, and the home as well as export de mand is good, ord and mid quality 28 to 32 per cent over proof realised 25 4d to 2s Bd, good 2s 9d to 3s, and su perior 33 to 36 over 3s 2d to 4s per gallon. Brandy is offered at further reduced terms. Cognac, best brands of the vintage of 1848 at 4s to 4s 2d; 1847 ditto 4s 10d to 5s ; 1846 ditto 5s 8d to 5s 103, 1845 ditto at 6s 2d to 6s 4d, inferior sorts 2s 4d to 45, and Bor deaux at 2s 51 to 2a 8d per gallon. The operations iu Geneva have been small; export sort is 9d to is 10d. and fine for consumption at 2s 3d to 3s 3d. British made Spirit has been operated in with caution at 9s Bd, and Gin at 8s to 8s 6d for 17 and 22 per cent. under proof. SALTPETRE.—OnIy limited purchases have been made by private treaty, although there are sellers at rather lower terms. A part only of 900 bags Calcutta at auction found buyers at 2Gs 6d to 27s for 104 to 74 per cent refraction. The value of good and fine is from 278 to 28s. For British Refined the trade is quiet, and 30s to 30s 6d is the value. Nitrate of Soda at 12s to 12s 3d per cwt. FRUlT.—Raisins have been in extensive request, and an advance in the value has taken place; on the part of holders there is firmness, and prime new Valencias can not be obtained under 45a per cwt. In Currants a good business has been concluded—new at from 38s to 425, and old at 34s to 365; Turkey Pulled Figs from 50s to 80s; Muscatel from 56s to 86s, and the demand is get ting larger; Sultanas 62s to 64s per cwt. CC CHINEAL—This afternoon the quantity of Cocl,i• neal submitted to public sale was large, and amounted to 350 bags. There was a good demand, and nearl) the whole sold upon full terms—Mexican silvers went at 3s 6d to 3s 7d, blacks 3s 8d to 3s I Id; Honduras silvers 33 Gd to 4s, black 3s 8d to 4s 7d, and Tenerife 3s lid to 4s 3d per lb. INDlGo.—There was firmness in the market fur East India to-day, and shippers as well as home dealers were buyers to a fair extent. At aution 75 chests sold at 2s 3d to 3s 10d for Madras and Kurpah, and a few chests ordinary Manilla at is 6d to is Bd—being full rates. OILS.—Te-day a public sale of 300 hhds Cocoa Nut Oil went heavily, and nearly the whole was taken in at 33s for good East India. TALLONT.—There has been a much better demand fur Russian on the spot, and prices have assumed an upward tendency. Fine P.Y.C. selling at 37s 3d to 37s 6d per cwt, and on the part of holders there is firm ness. For delivery up to the close of the year pur chases to a fir extent made at 37s to 37a 3d ; and for the early part of 1850 some contracts have been concluded at 373 6d to 37s 9d ; at there rates there era not free sellers. Home melted has been in lively demand at 36s 6d to 37s nett cash. Other kinds of Tallow large parcels have been sold at full terms. At auction 480 casks of new South Wales went from 333 9, to 363 61 for low to fine; 1,284 pkgs South American 334 3d to 37s per cwt. The value of rough Fat is yet 2s id per stone, and there are free sellers. LAW INTELLIGENCE. COURT OF EXCHEQUER, Nov. 13. (Sittings in Banco.) G OSDEN V. ELPHICK AND BEN NI3TT-VOSS V. THE SAME-MAYNARD V. THE SAME. The three actions abovenamed, arising out of the same transaction, were brought for alleged false im prisonment, and tried before Mr. Baron Alderson,at the last assizes for Surrey, when the jury in each case returned a verdict for the defendants. Mr. liAwKras now moved to set aside the ♦erdicts in all three cases, and for new trials, on the ground of misdirection. It appeared that the three plaintiffs, Gosden, Voss, and Maynard, had taken a horse to sell at a fair in Surrey, and whilst they were endeavouring to obtain a purchaser for the animal the halter round the horse's neck became loose, the horse started off at a gallop, and running amongst a crowd, knocked down a little boy, whose arm was broken by the fall. The by standers' sympathies were excited in consequence of the injuries sustained by the boy, the police were called for, and the defendant Bennett, who was a constable, without much consideration, took into his custody a stranger, whom hei believed was the owner of the runaway horse. The second defendant, Elphick, seeing the constable at fault, and having witnessed the whole transaction, assured the constable that the person who was first arrested was wholly innocent, and pointed out the three plaintiffs, who were immediately taken in custody by Bennett. The following day all the three plaintiffs were brought before a magistrate, and there being in fact no charge against them they were at once set at liberty, and after a long interval brought the present actions. The defence was that Bennett being a constable was within the protection of the statute 24 George 11., c. 44, which enacts among other things, that actions against the parties protected by the statute shall be brought within six months after the commission of the alleged grievance; and that the present action was not brought within the prescribed period. As to the other defendant, Elphick, the answer to the action was, that he had merely pointed out the plaintiffs, as the persons having the charge of the horse, and incurred no personal responsibility by so doing. On the trial, the Learned Baron who presided left it to the jury to say if Elphick had given the plaintiffs into custody, or had merely pointed them out to thep o. liceman as the parties to blame, if any one was to be blamed. As to Bennett, the constable, the Learned Judge asked the jury if they believed he acted bonii fide under the belief that he was aatho rised as a constable to arrest the plaintiffs, as in that case the Learned Judge thought he was clearly en titled to the protection of the statute 24 George 11. It was now submitted that the Learned Judge ought also to have asked the jury if Bennett had a reason able ground for taking the plaintiffs into eustody ; and as to Elphick, it was contended that the evi dence was, that he had directed Bennett to take up the plaintiffs, and that there was no evidence to sup port the inference suggested by the Judge, that he (Elphicli) had merely pointed thz. plaintiffs out as persons who had charge of the horse. The COURT was of opinion there was no ground for disturbing the verdicts in any of the three cases. There was no doubt that Bennett was a constable, and acting in this instance as such, and whether he had reasonable grouni for taking the plaintiffs into custody or not, if he acted under the belief that he was discharging his duty he was clearly within the protection of the statute. As to Elphick, it would lead to very inconvenient results if a person pointing out the right party to a policeman who hail arrested a stranger was to be personally liable for such an act. If this were the law, persons would be slow to assist the police in the discharge of their duty. For these reasons the Court would grant no rule in any of the cases moved. Rule refused. (Sitting at Nisi Prius, before Mr. Baron PLATT and a Middlesex Jury.) CHILD V. BEST. Mr. Atherton for the plaintiff, and Mr. Sergean Wilkins for the defendant. This was an action on the case for verbal slander. It appears that the plaintiff, who had formerly been a draper, and was bankrupt in that trade, after wards entered the service of Broad wood and Co., the The e e d n e f A e n n d n a e n , s t I C A a i c v a e n n , d s c h a - r s r l y u i a n r g e , o a n n b d business m i brewers, as a collector, and no w fill s th a t s it ua ti on . n d s is tr a ee p t u , transactions with the plaintiff previous to his bank ruptcy. In June last the defendant, who is a cus tomer of Broadwood and Co., went to the counting house of that firm, and seeing the plaintiff there, said to a clerk named Eyles, "What is that fellow (mean ing the plaintiff) doing here ?" To which Eyles replied by asking "Do you know him ?" and defend ant answered, "Know him! to be sure I do; the thief robbed me of 171." For these words the pre sent action was brought. On the part of the defendant, it was proved that after the conversation with Eyles the defendant went to Mr. Huggins, the managing partner at Broad wood's, and stated that he had used the words in question in anger, and without any serious int en t ion of imputing felony to the plaintiff, and that he was sorry for it, and was ready to make an apology. It also appeared that before any considerable expense had been incurred in costs, the defendant offered to pay 101. and to give a written apology. Mr. Huggins also deposed that defendant told him he was willing to settle the action, but thathis attorney prevented him. Under these circumstances, it was suggested that the action was merely brought by the attorney for costs. Mr. Baron PLATT, in summing up, pointed out to the jury that in any event the plaintiff would have to pay his attorney's costs, and, therefore, that they should not be influenced by the argument that the attorney was pressing the action for costs. The jury, however, after an absence of nearly two hours, returned a verdict for the plaintiff, with one farthing damages. CONSISTORY COURT, Nov. 13. (Before Dr. LUSHINGTON.) DASENT V. DASENT. On the application of Dr. Addams the Court ad witted the libel in this case, which was promoted by the wife against the husband for a divorce, on the ground of cruelty and adultery. MORRIS, FALSELY CALLING HERSELF COOPER. Dr. JENNER explained that this suit was pro moted by the wife against the husband, for neglect and impotency. Dr. I3AYFORD opposed the admission of the libel. The marriage took place on the 15th January, 1846, and the parties lived together about two years. The husband then left home, and never returned. The learned civilian contended that the parties ought to have lived together three years before this application could be made. Dr. Jenner, for the wife, disputed the nee( ssity, and quoted "Briggs v. Morgan," and other cases. The Learned JUDGE said that in this case it was not necessary that there should have been a three years' cohabitation, since it was proved that the husband was incompetent. The libel must therefore be admitted. THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 13, 1849. MAJOR V. MAJOR. In this case also the wife proceeds against the husband, Mr. Wm. Major, for a divorce, on the ground of adultery, and no opposition being offered, the application was granted. COURT OF BANKRUPTCY, Nov. 12. (Before Mr. Commissioner HOLHOTD.) IN Its BISHOP. The bankrupt was the proprietor of the Oriental Club House, Vere•street, Oxford street. The case came before the Court on Thursday last, when the bankrupt's examination was adjourned sine die, and without protection. A few minutes before 3 o'clock, however, the bankrupt surrendered, and his protection was enlarged until this morning at twelve o'clock. That hour having elapsed without the bankrupt making his appearance, Mr. DUNCAN applied to the Court to issue a warrant for his apprehension. His Honour would recollect that the bankrupt's property in Vere street had been seized by a Mr. Alfred Mortimer Job, who had put into the house a Miss Angelina Job, and who re tained possession. The Court's summons to Mr. Job was a perfect nullity. No such person could be found to exist. His HONOUR granted the warrant against the bank rupt's person. INSOLVENT DEBTORS' COURT, Nov. 12. (Before the CHIEF COMMISSIONER.) IN RE RENTON NICHOLSON. 'I he application of the insolvent for his discharge was supported by Mr. Cooke. Mr. Sargood opposed on behalf of Mr. Shenton and Mr. Morrison. The Court being informed that the insolvent was a tavern keeper, inquired what was the name of the tavern ? The insolvent —The Justice Tavern, 36, Bow-street. The COMMISSIONER—Oh! The Justice Tavern. Insolvent,examined—Was arrested on a debt of 261., and is now out on bail. Had been insolvent on three previous occasions, his debts under which amounted to 11,3811. The debts on the present oc casion were 5,550/. ; making a total of 16,9311. Had paid 5,0001. on the debts due under the previous insolvencies. Did not now possess anything for his creditors, unless the bankruptcy against Mr. Ellis, of the Cremorne-gardens, should be superseded. He believed it was about to be so superseded. In this case he would be entitled, during the remain ing portion of Mr. Ellie's lease of Cremorne-gardens, a period of eighteen years, to a salary of 300/. per year, and which he was quite willing to set apart for the liquidation of his debts. All his other property had been disposed of. Mr. SARGOOD—Have you not disposed of a car riage to Mr. Wrench ? The insolvent—Yes; that K as my state carriige.— (Laughter.) The ComeressloNEß—Just explain what you mean by state carriage. The insolvent—lt is the carriage, your Honour, that, as 'president of the Judge and Jury Society, I had used for the purpose of driving about the west end and the parks. It brought business. It had a coat of arms emblaa .ned upon it. The COMMISSIONER—It has quite a judicial ap pearance, I suppose.—(—Laughter.) Mr. SARGOOD (to the insolvent)—When did you last take a drive in it ? Insolvent—l never rode in it at all. I have paid for the carriage, but I had not the means of buying the horses.—(Laughter.) I purchased the carriage at Tattersall's in 1846. The carriage and harness were deposited with Mr. Wrench as security for a debt of 1501. In May, 1848, I had in my possession certain wood blocks. They were made use of in illustrating certain works. The COMMISSIONER—What works ? The insolvent —The Illustrated London Life. j His HoNourt—The Illustrated London Life! Insolvent—These cuts had been given to Mr. Mayon as security for a debt of 601. A chandelier had been given to a creditor. The other creditors mi g ht probably recover it -by an action and paying his debt. Mr. SARGOOD—Was there not another carriage Insolvent—Yes ; that was given to Mr. Lacey, another creditor. He had last used it at Epsom races in 1848. It was his business carriage—(Laughter)—and was used to convey the members of his forensic society OA their travels. His HONOUR—How many will it hold ?—lnsolvent —Six of us.—(Laughter.) Examination continued—Mr. Meikiam had lent him 3001. upon his acceptance. He bad given Mr. Meiklam security over his property. That was all the property he had. He had just before been turned out of the Garrick's Head, which he had held for ten years. In May, 1846, one Mr. Deberenger, granted a lease to Mr. Wolsey, of the Cremorne•gardens. Wolsey assigned this lease to Mr. Simpson at the in solvent's wish. Mr. Simpson afterwards granted a lease to Mr. Ellis. On the Ist March, 1846, a deed between Ellis and himself was executed under which he, the insolvent was entitled to one eighth of the takings (receipts) of the gardens. The insolvent was then examined at length touching the gradual disposal of his interest in this guarantee, from which it appeared that he had paid, at various times, a number of bills on account thereof. In February, 1849, he sold his remaining interest in it to Mr. Ellis for 3001., and a guarantee of a salary of 300/. per year during the remaining period that Mr. Ellis should hold the lease. Mr. SARGOOD called the attention of the insolvent to the circumstance that, although the receipt of these bills was duly entered in his balance-sheet, their application was not shown. Insolvent—lt was three years since the transactions to which Mr. Sargood referred. The money was accounted for generally, if not specifically. Mr. Ellis had accepted our bills of exchange, amounting to 1,5001., as due to him, the insolvent, on account of his share in the takings of Creraorne gardens. He had paid them to Mr. Foulkes, to whom he was largely indebted. Foulkes had a registered judgment against him for 8001. There was a claim of 3,0001. upon Mr. Ellis, but that was in favour of his (the insolvent's) children. The deed was in court. Foulkes had at tempted to prove against Ellis's estate in the Bank • ruptcy Court, for the four bills amounting to 1,5001., but the proof had not been allowed by the Com missioner. Mr. SARGOOD submitted that the Court would order the insolvent to make out a debtor and creditor account between himself, Foulkes, and Mr. Pooke, in order to show whether he had properly or improperly made over property to those persons. Mr. COOKE submitted that it was not reasonable to require this, and proceeded to re-examine The insolvent—Mr. Renton, the opposing creditor, was a wine merchant at Greenwich. He was a creditor under a former insolvency, and had, after that in solevncy, been paid 201. on account of an old debt. [lt was hero stated by the traveller for Mr. Shenton that the old debt was due to Mr. Shenton's father, and not to the opposing creditor.] Mr. Shenton had taken his bill for 3001., giving him in return 150/. in wine and 1501. in cash, less 27/. deducted for interest upon the latter at the rate of 20 par cent. He would admit that he had been irregular in keeping his accounts. Ills books might show what had been done with the money. They were in the court. He had been travelling in the country lecturing upon poetry and sociality, and his books had not been kept so fully as they might have been. Foulkes was a bill discounter. By Mr. SARGOOD—When examined at the Court of Bankruptcy Foulkes swore that he never kept books. Mr. COOKE—BiII discounters seldom do. Mr. SARGOOD—For a very obvious reason. The COMMISSIONER said he felt called upon to grant the adjournment that had been asked for by Mr. Stir g• ood A debtor should be at all times anxious to put his creditors in possession of every information they might require. The insolvent—l hope I have not evinced any re luctance in this respect, your Honour. The COMMISSIONER —Certainly not. Mr. Robins, auctioneer, C o vent-garden, proved that a distraint for 1501. rent had been levied upon the premises forming the Garrick's Head, and under which furniture had been condemned of the value of 1701. The distraint was levied by the order of Mr. Ady, as agent for the Duke of Bedford. Insolvent—He had paid 3501. per year to Mr. Simpson for the Garrick's Head. Simpson had been a friend of his. He did not know who was the Duke of Bedford's tenant. His furniture had been taken. The COMMISSIONER (to Mr. Robins)—You did not care whose property it was. Mr. Robins—Not the least.—(Laughter.) We received the money for it from Mr. Simpson, and paid it to the Duke's agent. Mr. COOKE—In the articles removed were there not some pictures ? Insolvent —Yes ; the pictures of the judges.—(Laughter.) His HoNoutt then ordered an adjournment to the 26th instant, in order that the creditors might be furnished with the information desired, POLICE INTELLIGENCE MANSION-HOUSE. MOVING PUBLIC-HOUSES.--A man named S'nzith, the master of one of the halfpenny steamers which ply between Dyers'. hall Pier-wharf and Westminster, was summoned before the Lord Mayor and Alderman Humphery for having, during the time at which licensed victuallers are by law Obliged to keep their houses closed, viz., about twenty-five minutes past eleven o'clock on Sunday, the 4th inst., unlawfully sold exciseable liquor on b oar d hi s vesse l , w h ere b y h e was subjected to a penalty not exceeding 51. The defendant pleaded guilty ; but The LORD MAYOR having been informed by Inspector Mitchell that there were constant repetitions of the offence with which the man was charged, and that it had, in fact, become of late a scandal in the neighbourhood, desired that evidence should be given in order that the most vigorous measures might be adopted for its suppression. Inspector Mitchell said, that, in consequence of directions issued by the late Lord Mayor, he and one of his men had gone in coloured clothes on board the steamer, in which they soon found that, during church hours, gin, rum, brandy, beer, and tobacco were sold to the passengers; that the tap room custom commenced soon after eleven o'clock, and was kept up without intermission from that hour until the public-houses on terra firma opened, and the interval was so busily employed by the customers, that many of them landed in a state of intoxication. The de fendant had, upon being remonstrated with on the dangerous nature of the nuisance to which he had given his sanction, promised that it should never be repeated, and the inspector had reason to believe the assurance would not be violated. The LORD MAYOR asked whether the same latitude which was granted to public-houses of inferior de scription was given in those steamer-places of amuse ment. Inspector Mitchell said, precisely the same. From the moment the guests entered they began to smoke and drink ; and the game was kept up with many as long as they had money in their pockets. They were then put on shore, and several were to be seen stag gering along the streets when church-goers were returning from places of worship, to the great scandal of Thames-street and its neighbourhood. There were difficulties in the way of the performance of their duties by the police in cases of the kind, the Act being susceptible of a construction favourable in the opinion of some to those who authorised the practice ; and he had been obliged to confine his evidence to what he had seen while the vessel was still fastened to her moorings. The LORD MAYOR said the Act which exempted steam-vessels from the penalties to which public houses were subjected for infringements of the law could never have been intended to apply to the half penny and penny steamers which plied between the bridges, but merely referred to the vessels which tra velled to such a distance as was calculated to render the use of exciseable articles necessary. He considered that the offence constituted a nui sance of the most dangerous as well as disgusting character, and was injurious to the licensed vic tuallers, who were already so severely taxed for their privileges, and he should certainly do all that the chief magistrate could do to put an end to it. Inspector Mitchell said his Lordship might form some notion of the manner in which the trade was carried on in the steamers on Sunday, from the fact . that a short time previously to the present occasion of complaint, he, and one of his men, had gone in co loured clothes on board one of the halfpenny boats, and the instant it was believed that officers were present off the master ordered the vessel, although a thick fog covered the river; very luckily it ran foul of no other boat, but she passed very near a sister steamer filled with customers of the same descrip tion, who were halloaing and singing, and smoking and drinking. Al lernian ITUMPIIERY said some of the tap room boats alluded to had, in order to come within the meaning of the Act, obtained licences for steaming to Sheerness, but confined their business to limits be tween Dyers'-hall Pier and Westminster-bridge, and realised considerable profits every Sunday. If such an abuse were allowed, the Thames would be soon covered with floating public-houses, and robberies and offences of still greater magnitude would become easy of perpetration. He thought the Lord Mayor in such an emergency would do well to apply to the chairman of the Commissioners of Excise, who were empowered to grant licences, to interpose their au thority, as, no doubt, advantage was taken of the latitude of construction alluded to. It was quite evident that these floating tap-rooms could afford to take their passengers all day, backward and forward, for the profits on the sale of the spirits, beer, and tobacco. The LORD MAYOR said he certainly should take an early opportunity to wait upon the chairman of the Board of Excise, upon the subject of the gin and beer steamers ; and requested that the inspectors of police would in the meantime vigilantly observe the conduct of the masters, and report the result of their observation at the Mansion-house. WESTMINSTER. DARING ROBBERY.—Thomas Haycock, a -men known thief, was charged with committing the following daring robbery, attended with violence to the person : At about ten o'clock on Saturday night James Bolt, a country lad, was accosted by two women of loose character, near Westminster Abbey, and in veigled into a den of infamy in the neighbourhood of St. Anne-street, where he had not been more than a minute when the prisoner knocked at the door, and, having been admitted by one of the women, asked the youth for some money. The latter re pli e d, h e h a d none, when the prisoner took out a knife, and declared with an oath that he would have his money or his life. The lad repeated he had none, when the prisoner knoCked him down, and another f e ll ow w h o had entered the room held him on the floor while the prisoner robbed him of 2s. 7d., which he had in his trousers' pocket ; the lad fortunately escaping from th e house with a much larger sum in his fob, which they turned aside to examin e the purse which contained the 2.7 d., no doubt in anticipation of finding from its weight—there being some halfpence in it—a much greater booty. The lad gave information to Knowland, B 50, who took the prisoner into custody on Sunday night. The prisoner, who denied thecharge, was remanded for a week. A respectable looking woman, apparently upwards of GO years of age, attired in deep mourning, who gave her name Eliza Howard Billingban, was placed at the bar, charged with stealing a small drinking-glass, Charles Frederick Clarke, barman at Mr. Spence ley's, the Swan Tavern, Sloane-street, stated that in consequence of having of late lost a great number of dram glasses, a n d suspec ti ng th e pr i soner, w h o some times took a little refreshment and looked at the news papers, he watched' her upon the occasion of a visit that morning, and he saw her put the glass in a reticule basket she had on her arm, immediately after which she walked out. lie followed and brought her back, and then took the glass from her basket, when she drew it out of his hand and let it fall upon the floor, by which it was broken. Serjeant M`Cloud, 18 B, proved having, since she had been in custody, searched her lodgings, and found three other drinking-glasses, one of which was identi fied as Mr. Spenceley's, and a second as Mr. Ilallifax's of the Two Brewers, Queen's Buildings, Knights bridge. Ile also discovered a great number of beg ging letters and duplicates. The accused, upon being called upon for her de. fence, said—l had been reading the paper, and I have not the least doubt I put the glass into my basket with my spectacles by mistake. The police having intimated that they should be in a condition to prove a former conviction against the prisoner, who is a well known begging-letter writer, for felony, Mr. BRODERIP remanded her till Monday next. LAMBETH. THE ATTEMPTED MURDER IN DULWICH Wools. —The young woman Ewins, on whose life the despe rate attein t bad been made by the young fellow Jordan, inDulwich-wood, on the night of the 19th of September last, and for which the latter had been left for execution, yesterday waited on Mr. Elliott, accompanied by her grandmother, an aged but decent looking woman. In reply to the questions of the Magistrate, she said she expected to be confined in the month of January next, and that as soon as she get over that it was her intention, if her health and strength permitted her, to get into service again. Mr. ELLIOTT informed her that a short ime before Mr. Cope, the Governor of Newgate, had called with two guineas from the Sheriffs of London for her use. He also said that it was likely other sums would be sent for her, and if so he should be happy to take charge of it, and see that it was properly applied to her use. Ile then directed that 20s. of the money in hand should be given to her and her grandnuelier for her immediate use, and expressed a hope that they would not go about with a petition. This they promised, and having expressed their gratitude, left the court. THE MURDER AT THE MILLBANK PENITENTIARY. Yesterday application was male to Sir George Grey, at the Home-office, to grant an order to remove the convict John Francis, who now stands charged by a coroner's jury with having brutally murdered Thos. Hall, the warder, from Millbank Prison to Newgate, to await his trial at the ensuing sessions. After the return of the verdict, at the inquest on Saturday last, the wretched culprit was conveyed back to the refrac tory cell, but waj soon afterwards placed in a large room, called " a day work-room," by himself. His arms and legs were heavily manacled, and two warders are stationed in the room with him to guard him. He has displayed no remorse for having committed such an atrocious deed, nor even alludes to the occur rence. He was allowed to communicate with his I friends, who are of the Jewish persuasion, residing in the neighbourhood of Houndsditch. His relativ s are highly respectable, but he has been discarded by them for some considerable time, in consequence of his depraved and incorrigible habits. In consequence of Francis being a Jew, he did not attend chard on Sunday morning with the other prisoners, and he applied to the Rev. Mr. T. Penny, the chaplain, for a Hebrew bible, which was most readily given him. He remained very quiet all day on Sunday and yes terday, and was constantly reading the bible. The wretched murderer was tried some time since fur robbery, and sentenced to ten years' transportation. While at the hulks he complained of the diet, and stsked Mr. Dabbs, the surgeon, for an extra allowance, Mr. Dabbs, not thieking it necessary, refused to give it him, and while he was walking away from him, Francis suddenly struck Mr. Dabbs a most violent blow upon the hack of his neck, with a heavy mallet, with which he had been working. The un fortunate gentleman was knocked down, and Francis would have repeated the blow, but was fortunately prevented by several of the officers, who rushed to Mr. Dabb's assistance, and safely secured the mis creant. Mr. Dabbs was confined to his room for upwards of four months, from the effects of the injuries, and he now frequently complains of his neck. Francis was severely punished, after which he was again sent back to Milbank prison as a most incorri gible convict. On his way from the hulks he re peatedly threatened that on his arrival at the prison "he would be one with the officers, and that he would not be treated as he had been." After Francis had inflicted the fatal violence upon the unfortunate deceased warder Hall, he was secured, and when the two points of a pair of scissors were discovered in his jacket pocket, he exclaimed " that he had carried them about him for the purpose of stabbing Dr. Baly on the first opportunity." He had endeavoured to obtain an alteration in his diet at Millbank, and no other cause can be assigned for his committing this atrocious murder than that of revenge for his not obtaining the alteration. Hall was universally esteemed by his brother officers for his general ur banity and mild demeanour. He has - left a wife and six young children, who were totally depending upon him for support. The sum of 501. has been given to the distressed widow, from a fund, which entirely belongs to the officers attached to the prison. This fund is raised by weekly subscriptions, and the fines inflicted upon the officers for dereliction of duty are added to it. SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS. FROM TIIE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY. CHRONICLE.— We proceed to consider the question which we opened in our financial article en Friday last, viz., what relief it may be practicable to afford to the country from that pressure of taxation which is unquestionably one of the heaviest clogs upon its prosperity, and one of the greatest drawbacks to the comfort and well-being of its productive classes. It must by no means be supposed that in turning our attention, in the first instance, to this branch of the subject, we are overlooking or disparaging the im portance of retrenchments in the national expendi ture. Whether it be in the affairs of states or of individuals, we appreciate at its full value the " magnum vectigal" of a vigilant and penetrating economy. Our incessant solicitude for this object is qualified by no other consideration than a regard to public faith, to efficient service, and to the just remune ration of labour. Those who have seen the result of the armrclothing system, as described by our Metropolitan Correspondent in his seventh letter, will he at no loss to understand what we mean by the last-mentioned condition. It is impossible, however, to glance over the Finance Accounts without a lively conviction that many of those who now serve the public are too highly paid, that the services of some might be dispensed with altogether, and that too many are paid who do not serve the public at all. Three things must be amended, but the reform can only operate by degrees. In regard to p ens i ons an d sine cures, we are waiting the expiration of a vicious system which is soon to become obsolete. Time alone can set us free from compacts into which the State never should have entered, and the like of -which it is not possible for it to enter into again. The consolidation of offices, and the revision of salaries again, have already commenced, and they will infallibly be carried on. The in tense pressure for employment, and the general reduction of profits, will not suffer the recipients of Government salaries to enjoy both a higher scale of income, and at the same time that exemption from reverse and uncertainty which official station affords. We are firmly opposed, indeed, to the short-sighted policy of underpaying public functionaries ; but justice demands for those who have to struggle un aided for subsistence, that ability and industry should not find a more lucrative provision in a public than they would meet with in a private career. It is upon the high ground of justice to the community that we assert the paramount duty of economy in the dispen sation of the public income. Extravagance is injus tice : the endowment of sinecurists, the over-payment of those whom the State maintains, are frauds upon those who, by their labour, maintain the State. The dis - content which is roused by the spectacle of such abuSes is deep-seated ; it is well-founded ; and it is dangerous. In considerations such as these we find ample motives for desiring and advocating economy. In those, on the other hand, which have been put forward by some classes of financial reformers we find little or no force. So far as the condition of individual tax payers is concerned, the effect of such retrenchments in the public departments as can be made consistently with national security and with good faith must be almost insignificant. The utmost rigour of the pruning-knife could do comparatively nothing to alleviate the pressure upon the millions who are suffering the hardships of poverty or illeremunerated labour. If, indeed, it were possible to effect a saving of several millions at a stroke, there might be seine reality in the prospect of relief, but whoever has had the temerity to advance such a position has shrunk from the proof of it. It is the opinion of one of the ablest and best informed of our modern writers on taxation, that, "so long as we make ade quate provision for the security and good govern ment of the different parts of the empire, there is not so much as the shadow of a ground for supposing that our expenditure can be sensibly reduced. On the contrary, the probability is that it will have to be enlarged." The experience of the past certainly goes far to confirm Mr. M'Culloch's view. If we carry our eye back over the finance returns of the last fifteen years, we shall observe an unmistakeable ten dency towards increase in the expenditure of the nation. Whatever may be said of extravagance in the public departments, it can hardly be asserted that erovernments are comparatively more profuse now a-days than they used to be. The inference remains, that the necessary cost of governing the country has increased with the increase of population, territory, and civilization. As the area is extended, and the machinery of Government becomes more compli • cat-d, the cost of working it becomes greater. In 1838 the total payments out of the Exchequer were 47,678,6881.—in 1848 they amounted to 56,175,042/. Allow a very wide margin for reducible items, there still remains a large substantial advance in the de • mends of the public expenditure. It is plain to any one who reflects on the tendencies of the times, that the wants of society, which Government is called upon to satisfy, have increased of late years in a still more rapid ratio than its numbers. Concurrently with the progressive increase in the expenditure of the State, there are some other financial features which it aflOrds us snore comfort to dwell upon. We may observe, pari passu with the increase of outlay, a proportionate increase of revenue, accompanied by a progressive decrease in the sources from whence that revenue is derived. A very large amount of taxation has been remitted, while the total receipts of the Exchequer have been augmented. The poor and the industrious classes have been reli eve d fr o m some of their most oppressive burdens. Look ove r the items of Customs and Excise, and observe how vast is the advantage which they have gained by recent fiscal alterations. Bread,beer, coffee, candles, salt, sugar, leather, starch, vinegar, printed goods, and many more articles of prime ne cessity to the humbler classes, are now either tax-free or are taxed at a much lower rate than th ey were few years ago. Existence is thereby rendered much easier to these classes than before. Th e amount of taxes paid per . head is considerably less. The pressure of population upon the resoures of the country is miti gated. We may well be thankful to those statesmen who have guided the course of our recent legislation, that the fiscal policy of the country has taken such a turn. It would have gone hard with the labour ing classes if it had been otherwise. Let any one who is acquainted with the condition of the labourers reflect for a moment upon the consequences of attempting to re-impose upon them the catalogue of taxes which we have just enumerated. No states man, let him be called either Free-trader or Protec tionist, would venture on such an experiment. Yet, though these once heavy imposts on the subsistence and comforts of the population are ir revocably gone, the country, notwithstanding, pays its way, and bears up against its increasing obligatio ns. How is this to be accounted for ? The fact is, that there are two ways of replenishing the Exchequer : one by se . creasing the weight of taxation, the other by di minishing it. The older and coarser method has in bygone days been carried fur e noug h , and experience has shown that its limits a re I easily reached — for, in the arithmetic of finance, two and two do not invariably snake four. A more enlightened public economy has taught us the art of increasing the product by lowering the rate of cur taxation, of drawing our supplies from a wid er sur face and an extended range of consumption, and of opening new sluices for revenue to flow in by removing the barriers of prohibition. Instead of a fiscal system which was oppressive, we have endea voured to substitute one which should be elastic. By such a policy we have relieved, re animated, perhaps saved from utter prostration and decay, the industrial energies of the Country. But is there no further roam left for the development of such prolific relaxa tions ? Is the work of fiscal reformation even now fi , iiAled and complete —or is it not possible, by further experiments in the same direction, to lighten still more the weight that yet presses down our heavily-taxed population in the keen race of compe tition, and in the arduous struggle for subsistence? Let us see. HERALD.—Of all the marvellous aspects in which that marvellous animal man is to be regarded, there is not one more marvellous than that which presents him to us in the concrete military state of an army, or a regiment of soldiers. We think nothing of it, it is true—we think nothing of the most wonderful things in existence, because we see them or read about them every day, and take everything for granted that does not startle us by its novelty, or astound us by its noise. We wonder at any departure from fixed laws, physical or moral, but the most wonderful phe nomena are not these erratic exhibitions, bat the regular methodical goings on of the world, upon which we rarely bestow a passing reflection. Fami liarity breeds contempt. We do not marvel at the discipline of the army which we see every day, though there be no greater marvel in the world than that we do see it every day. We only wonder at any slight deviation from it—at any transient symptom of irregu larity that may manifest itself, after a long interval of monotonous repose. Then we lift up our hands and our voices. It is discovered that the army is in a most unsatisfactory condition—that the reins of discipline are loosened; that authority is being openly set at defiance ; that our soldiers are insub ordinate, and our officers incompetent ; and that. our towns are being overrun by a stream of miliitary licentiousness, which, if its current be not speedily checked, will disorganize society and desolate the land. All this it is, on some accounts, satisfactory to contemplate. There can be no higher tribute paid to the general discipline of the army than the ex citement occasioned by any temporary infraction, of it. There are countries in which military disorga nization is the rule and not the exception. Tb ere the revolt of a regiment, or a score of regiments, is too ordinary an event to create any excitement in the country. The attention which is bestowed upon. any erratic social manifestation is the truest standard of the regularity from which that manifestation is a departure. It is so rare a thing to witness anyt/king remotely assembling insubordination in a British regiment, that we are incontinently astonished at the unwonted exhibition, and magnify all its unseet ely features until a very trilling affair expands into gigantic proportions, and bristles with incalculable terrors. It is on this account that the disturb ance in the 3d Dragoons at Nottingham has as sumed an importance that does not belong to it. It is seldom that we are called upon to chronicle such events, but the wonder is not that they occur sometimes, but that they occur so rarely. %Vlhen we think of the constitution of a regiment—the clan ses from which it is recruited—the slender tie that bia ids the soldier to his officer—the numerous induceme, nts to excess—the contagious effects of bad examplt the absence of all domestic comfort in barracks—tile almost entire forfeiture, indeed, of the domestic el ut racter, with all its subduing and restraining influ ences, we cannot but wonder that the many are Ic .pt in subjection so easily by the few—that the ma gic of authority is so potent to keep the rude elements . of military society in subordination to any fixed Li WS. But so it is. A sentence written in the order-bo or a word spoken on parade, and eight hundred Is len are as obedient to one as though they w ere little children under the eye and the rod of the pedagogue. Nobody wonders at this—nobody w co ders at the orderly conduct of soldiers in our g ar risen towns, at their steadiness in barracks, at the ready obedience they yield to their comma Ili ling officers, at the almost infantine docility of these be nds of sturdy, vigorous men. Few even admire the beautiful system which presents an almost unbrofren succession of these phenomena. But many pour out noisy abuse when any rare departure from t ;he re gularity of the system is presented to their i meter standings, upon soldiers and all soldierly this igs, as though the adjective military were entirely sz rackny mous with I:centious. And thi s i s ca ll e d lib walit y. Liberal writers are always great upon the sul ject of military licentiousness. On the wonderful s'a bordi , nation which is the rule of the British armj - they condescend not to bestow a thought, or if the 1 inwel come thought should force itself upon the n k it Is speedily enveloped in a cloak of silence, and. lourked in its very infancy. There has been a great deal of fuss made, and a great deal of stuff written, about t he , recent disturbance in the 3d Dragoons. The imp prtance of the affair has been greatly exaggerated— -partly because at this dull season of the year a yes y little matter may be advantageou s ly e l ong at e d into 3 many' sheets of attenuated " copy ;" and, secondly, b ec ause the peccadilloes of the military are nuts to - a certain class of journalists. A number of men , a xious, it ' would seem, to enjoy a little con v i v i a l zercourse with some friends who had come to visit ti iem, and not being able to entertain their visitors rol •pectably ' in barracks, determined to disobey a restric-ti ve order ' which had been is s u e d as a pun i s h men t to , t h e regi ment for bad grooming, and to sally into the toveh• They had hoped that the order for their r , et ention 1 0 barracks, after being some time in effect, vvc Auld have been rescinded sufficiently soon to have en at bled theta to break their confinement;without breaking • the o rders ' of their commandi ng o ffi cers , b u t th e anticilpt led relief not coming opportunely, they quitted the p rescribed bounds, and committed thereby a gray a military offence. There was doubtless as double in discretion; the order was an indiscreet one, because it; tried the forbearance of the soldiers too severely; its i, nfraction was still more indiscreet, for no provocati , on , justifies such acts of military lawlessness. T:he offence committed, a third mistake was made. Inefficient measures were adopted for the suppreim ion of an irregularity so discreditable to the corps. A party was sent out under a non-commissiomd instead of under a commissioned officer, and the first offence was greatly aggravated by resistance to authority. The consequence is, that there have been several courts-martial, and the crimira/s have been sentenced to expiate their offenact in prison, and to learn better manners for the fu tt ire. The officers, too, will not improbably profit by I he lesson, and learn to exercise their authority henc e forth with better judgment. Such accidents as the:4e seldom happen unless there has been something or other to generate them in high places ; some want of temper —some want of judgment—some want of consistency ' We are sorry for this business at Nottingham; but, after all, it is only one of those unfortunate excep tions that prove the fortunate rule. It has made stir in the world because, happily, such acts of insub ordination are rare in the British army.. If that army had not been the best disciplined in the world we should not have heard so much of the affray. [ADVERTISEME N T.] —A LIVER COMPLAINT CURED BY HOLLOWAY'S PILLS.--.llxtraet of a letter from Jobe M'Lean Ferguson, Esq., dated Melbourne, Port Phillip. May 9, 1849:—" To Professor Holloway. Sir, I had been afflicted nearly two years with the liver complaint, accompe - Died with flying pains i n my s h ou ld ers, dimness of sight and difficulty of breathing. After expending upwards of twenty' pounds in medicine without ineling any relief, I was induced to try your Pills, and by their use, and strict attention to the prescribed regimen, lam effectually cured. Grateful for the same, I publish this statement in the hope that others e 0 afflicted may have recourse to your invaluable medicine, and thereby derive a similar benefit."—S o ld b y a ll d rugg i sts , an at Professor Holloway's establishment, 244, Strand, London. 81r75.3. . On the 9th inst., at Abingdon Rectory, Mrs. Frederick Thursby, of a daughter. On the 9th inst., at Wimbledon-common, Mrs. Hemer y Le Breton, of a son. On the 9th inst., in Ilyde-nark-square, Mrs. John Bettiel l , of a son. On the 9th inst., in Green-street, Grosvenor-square, Mrs• P. P. Bouverie, of a daughter. On the 9th inst., in Bedford•square, Mrs. William Bovilf, of a daughter. On the Bth inst,, at Bolton-hall, the wife of W. H. Ord° Powlett, Esq., of a son. On the 9th inst., in Manchester-street, Manchester-square , the wife of E. Boodle, Esq., of a daughter. On the 9th inst., at Gower-street, Bedford-square, the wife of G. Whidborne, Esq., of a (laughter. MARBLED. On the 7th inst., at the Synagogue, Eliza, e ld es t d aug hter of the late Mr. Emanuel. of Wigmore-street, Cavendish , square, and granddaughter of M. Emanuel, Esq., of Portsea to L. Leon, Esq., late of Antwerp. On the Bth inst., at Kingston Church, Portsea, Mr. Franei o Farrant Chinn, of Liverpool, to Susan Jane, second daughter of the late Mr. James Walker, of Portsea. DIED. On the 10th inst., at Newbury, Berks, Emily, the wife o f the Rev. Wilson Philip. On the 11th inst., at the residence of her son.in-10 , Lieutenant-General Sir John Macdonald, in Bruton-street' Berkeley-square, Mrs. Graham, widow of the late Charlo 3 Graham, Esq., of Williamsfield, Jamaica, aged 82. On the 12th inst.. in Upper Harley-s!reet, Lady Horne , wife of Sir William Horne. On the 7th inst., at Clayton-cottage, Woburn, Bucks, John Morris, Esq., late of Great Marlow. On the 6th inst., at Camden-cottages, Camden New-town , J. Everingham, Esq., aged 71. On the Bth inst., at the Vicarage, aged 67, the Rev. IV' Slatter, for many years vicar of Cumner, Berks, and rector of Hethe, Oxon. On the 9th inst , at Milton. on-Thames, Emn. a , th e wife of John Cow, jun., and daughter of T. B. Monk, Esq., late °` the Royal Arsenal, Woolwich. On the 10th inst., Samuel Lloyd, of BitmDgbam, banker , in his 82d year. On the 10th inst., Andrew Clark, Esq., of the Bear-garde n, Southwark, aged 66. At Ramsgate, aged 82, Mr. George Gwyn, for upwards o f 50 years an officer of the Royal larbour. On the 4th inst., at the family residence, Keynsham-ban k ' Sophia Elizabeth, relict of the late Jam Samuel Barnes! Esq., of St. Petersburgh, and Keynsbani-bank, Cheltenham London: Printed and Published by MURDO YOLINOt 4 2 ) No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sun Office, No. 11 Strand, in the Precinct o f the Savov. in the county 0 ) Bliddleaex, Tueeday, November 13, 1849. 4