The Sun. — London, England, 1855-01-15 00:00:00

NA.FA.L AND MILITARY INTELLIGENCE. About 300 of the crew of the screw steam-ship Nile, 91, now in dock at Keyham, left Plymouth on Friday, in the steam tender Avon, with 21 days' leave of absence, for Portsmouth, where they will receive their wages. The screw steam-ship Cesar, 91, Capt. Robb, having had her defects made good, moved out of harbour on Wednesday, and anchored in Plymouth Sound. Her crew were paid wages on Friday. She is now ready for sea, and awaits sailing orders. The Calcutta, 84, Captain Stopferd, is ordered to fill up six months' provisions, complete shot, shell, and ;dares, and prepare for sea immediately ; she is, how ever, 159 short of complement , and of the men she has the ' far greater portion of them are coast guard and re venue men, many of whom have never been to sea in their lives. The Aretlausa, 50, Captain Symonds, will be paid off into ordinary, at Devonpett, this day. Her crew will then have leave, on the expiration of which they will join the other ships in commission. The Sampson, 6, paddle, Captain T. S. Brock, steamed into Portsmouth Harbour on Saturday morning, and took up her berth alongside the Belvidere, receiving hulk. The Geyser, 6, paddle-wheel sloop, Commander Dew, shipped her powder, shell, &c., at Spithead, on Satur day, and is now ready for sailing. The steam-frigate Dragon, 6, Captain Wilcocks, from Spithead, arrived at Plymouth on Friday, and having landed supernumeraries for the Caesar and Calcutta, left the same evening for Pembroke, to assist in navigat ing the new Royal yacht to Portsmouth. The steam-vessel Janus, from Sheerness, arrived at Plymouth on Friday, with men on leave from the steamers Amphion and Desperate. The Avon, tender, Master Commander Veitch, came into Portsmouth Harbour on Friday evening from De vonport, with supernumeraries, and left again on Satur day morning, returning with others. APPOINTMENTS. Lieutenant John A. Perry (1554), to the Imperieuse, 51, screw steam-frigate at Portsmouth. Surgeon Jason Lardner (1838), to the Orion, 91, screw steam-ship, at Sheerness. Paymasters—Robert Loney (1840), borne on the books of the Fisgard flag-ship at Woolwich, for service in the hydrographical departament, to the Orion, 91, screw steam-ship at Sheerness ; James Biggs (1849), from the Conway flag-ship at Cork, to the Himalaya screw steam troop-ship at Portsmouth ; Robert H. Bullen (1352) from the Victory flag-ship at Portsmouth, to the Conway, vice Biggs. Clerk Charles Fisher - (1352), recently serving in the Hecia paddle-wheel steam-sloop on the Mediterranean and Black Sea station, to the Orion, 91, screw steam ship at Sheerness. Clerks' Assistants—Hamilton N. Cole and Charles D. Lee, to the Orion ; John B. Adam, to the Duke of Wellington, 131, screw steam-ship at Portsmouth ; Edmund M. Russell, to the Melampus, 42, store•ship at Sheerness. ARRIVAL OF THE MALACCA AT GIBRALTAR. By the arrival of the steam-ship Madrid at South ampton yesterday we have dates from Gibraltar to the 4th inst. Her Majesty's screw steam-sloop Malacca, five days from Plymouth, b)uud to the Crimea, arrived on the 2d inst. She had on board the sth company of. the 7th battalion of the Royal Artillery and a quantity of clothing and other stores. The steam•transport Oscar put into Gibraltar o❑ the 3,1, last from Falmouth, with munitions of war for the Crimea. Her Majesty's steamor Gorgon, 9 days Port mouth, with a detachment of the Rifle Brigade for Balakiava, touched at Gibraltar on the 31st ult., on her way to the Black Sea. ?TAIL FOR THE CRIMEA. A mail for the army in the Crimea, Greece, the hospi tal at Scutari, Constantinople, and the fleet in the Black Sea will be forwarded from the General Post -office through France this evening. The postage must be paid in advance. THE SAMPSON. The Sampson, 6, paddle-wheel steam-frigate, steamed into Portsmouth harbour on Saturday morning, from Spithead, to have a thorough overhauling and refit. We fully published the disasters which befel her in the gale of the 14th of November, as soon as the details reached England. She brought home a fine Circassian bear, about seven months old, which has been named Nicholas, after the Emperor ; she also brought home and landed en Saturday a very fine oil painting, a por trait of the Czar, captured at Yalta. THE TRANSPORT SERVICE. Fifty casks of coffee are being roasted at the Royal William Victualling-yard, Plymouth, for shipment to the Crimea. The new iron screw-steamer Canadian, belonging to the Canadian Steam Company, having been fitted at Liverpool as a -troop-ship, will leave that port to-morrow for Woolwich, where she will embark SOO men (probably Artillery) and stores for the Crimea._ The iron screw-steamer Imperador, belonging to the South American Company, is being fitted at Liverpool for the conveyance of troops ; and the Irish steamer Telegraph is under survey at the same port. The screw-steamer Bahiana, belonging to the South American and General Steam Navigation Company, still remains at anchor in the Mersey (Liverpool) await ing the arrival at that port of the main body of the 82d Regiment, which halted at Preston, on their way from 'Edinburgh, in consequence of the outbreak of smallpox. The disease has almost entirely disappeared, and the troops are in a condition to proceed to Liverpool, where they may be expected this week. The sailing ship Vsloz will leave Liverpool to-morrow with a cargo of hay for the Crimea. MISCELLANEOUt.3. Captain and Adjutant Henry, of the Royal Horse Artillery, has left Woolwich for the Crimea, having been appointed Brigade-Major at the seat of war, vice Adye, promoted to be Lieutenant-Colonel. The following is an extract of a letter from the Crimea, respecting Captain Frampton, of the 50th, who was stated to he missing :—" I have just this instant heard that Captain Frampton, one of the missing officers, has since turned up." The Sardinian flag was hoisted half-mast high yester day at the Consulate-house, Portsmouth, Chevalier Pappalardo (the Sardinian Consul) having received offi cial intimation of the death of the Dowager Queen of Sar dinia on the 12th inst. The Cambria steam-transport is hourly expected at Portsmouth, with the body of the late Major-General Adams, which she is to land there ; also a great number of sick and wounded from the seat of war. A. fatal accident occurred on board the Arethusa at Devonport on Saturday to a young man named Evens, of the carpenters' crew. He was struck in the side, and his ribs broken, by a part of the main trysailicast, which was being removed without proper security. The ship, having been unrnasted, was warped to the north jetty. She is to be placed in ordinary at that port. Her crew were granted leave of absence from Saturday until this day, when they will be paid wages. The Rev. Professor Moseley, D.D., will visit Devon port Dockyard in, the course of the week, for the pur pose of examining the candidates for filling the vacancies of foreman inspectors of shipwrights. 'Upwards of 50 candidates for shipwrights' apprentices have been exa mined during the past week. MILITARY. On Saturday a large number of volunteers for the Household Brigade, under the command of a colour-ser geant of the Grenadier Gnards, arrived from the northern and eastern districts, at the terminus of the Eastern Counties Railway, and were immediately marched to the Hors e Guards and thence to Wellington barracks, and will be taken to-day to the Guards' orderly-room, Horse Guards, where they will be tested for their re spective regiments. The men are tall, athletic, and Young, and have volunteered from the Militia and from regiments of the line. On Friday morning draughts of the 39th, 14th, and 9th Regiments sailed in the Prince and Royal Alice steamers for Queenstown, to embark on board her Ma jesty's ship Princess Royal, for conveyance to the Crimea. The following is the number of officers and men which accompanied each draught :-14th.— 9 officers, 152 rank and file, under the command of Colonel Watson. 39th. —8 officers, 173 ran k and file, under the command of Major Tinley. 9th.-8 officers, 60 rank and file, under the command o f C apta i n Dunne. 50 drivers for the commissariat departm en t, in char ge of Superintendent 11111, sail e d w i th the draughts.: TH.E MILITIA. On Tuesday the Northumberland Lightnfantry Regiment of Militi a , under the commandek of Liuutenant- I Colonel Biggs, assem bl ed at Alia permanent duty. Major L or d L ova i ne, IL?., and a°74xa nominal e pror tion of the other offi cers were present. strength of the regim en t i n 900, and of th a t nearly 600 have already co me f orward. The me4e,,antr to have profited greatly by th e i r prev i ous trainin g , se C their personal appear ance i s muc h improved. a -- It is stated by the Dublin Evening Mail that many of the Irish Militia regiments are likely to be left as desti tute of medical care as the unfortunates of the army at the seat of war. Several corps, it is said, have been unable to procure assistant-surgeons, and it is added that the surgeons of others will resign as soon as the regiments are fairly embodied. The cause of this strange state o • f affeirs is attributed to an old source of p u bli c mischief—viz., pinching an d misplaced economy in small matters,while reckless and prodigal expenditure i n great i s but too frequently regarded with indifference, if not worse. The 3d or Royal Westminster L i g ht Infantr y Regi ment of Middlesex Militia, under orders to assemble for perma nent duty, were among the last corps of militia ose o the last war, who were were disernbodie( l at the y a cl rts of f England, Ireland, ing been stationed in mall' Islandsp during that eventful Scotland, and the Channel period. The Royal Westminster Militia, as appears by . hed frequent and i the ancient record books, farm . nume rous drau g ht s o f vo lunteers to tbo veral regiments em se . P nsula. Since the I [ ADV ERT I SEMENT.I - 11olloway's Oi n t men t an d Pi lls ployed on active service in the - en l effective remedies fo r S curvy and other Skin diseases.— month of Sept em b er , 1852, the regiment has been three Mr. Thomas Thunlow, of 24, Buckley-street, Manchester, command of Colonel Visc oun t times out for training andduring and exercise, under the these sta tes in a letter to Profe ssor Holloway, confirmed by Mr. Chelsea, M.P., 13 months past u p war d s of 250 men h av e volunteere d !R. Burton, chemist, of the sam e c it y , th at h e (Thunlow) lupwards sixteen years ! of si into the regular ser v i ce, and no d ou bt so me of those , was grievously affected for with that disagreeable disease the scurvy, f or w hi c h h e soldiers ere this are facin g th e R ussian strong h o ld in the ' had been under the treatment of medical men both at Crimea, filling up a few of the sad gaps made in the ' and b oad but deriving no benefit from their I home a r , . of ranks of our bravo army. treatment, he despaired ever being cured. However, The Fermanagh Light infantry Regiment of Militia I ins? in the use of Holloway's ointment and assembled in barracks at Enniskillen o the 1 t n sinstant. by persever ~,, ,if t a most . remedies e ,ec e a satisfac- The corps then mustered nearly 200 men, and volunteers I pills, these excellent allvendors of medicine, and at Pro have since joined at the rate of 10 a-day. Th e ' tory cure.—Sold by _, y are all establishments, 244, Strand, Lent young men of a very good description; 21 have volun- , fessor Holloway's y ii, teerect to the line. The Earl of Ennielcillen, ecg ouo i o f ' don, and 60, lliaiden-lane, New or the regiment, is living in barracks, and takes great in terest in the men. His lordship, in uniform, headed a fine party of recruits, preceded by the small band, through the fair twice on the 10th instant, which no doubt had a very beneficial effect on the recruiting, as an unusually large number of men was raised that day. The Louth Militia, Lieutenant-Colonel Sir J. S. Ro binson, has been constituted a rifle regiment, and is ordered to be embodied forthwith. The Ist Devon Regiment of Militia, which has now been assembled at Exeter for some time, have during the last fortnight been daily contributing ♦olunteers for the line. During last week the number of those who were passed and accepted amounts to 75, and Mr. Chanter, one of the officers in the regiment, has also volunteered his services, so that he will, in all probability receive a commission. Captain Heiman, who has long discharged the duties of Adjutant, has accepted the ap pointment of Paymaster ; and he has been succeeded in the Adjutantcy by Captain Pitman, who formerly be longed to the line. The North Durham Regiment of Militia has received orders to assemble for permanent duty on the Ist of February, and on Wednesday the staff of non-commis sioned officers was inspected by Earl Vane,Colonel of the regiment. Major H. J. Baker, and Captains Pemberton and Lamb have resigned their commissions. The staff are still recruiting, the regiment being short of its num ber. The South Durham Regiment is embodied at Barnardcastle. The second detachment of the 2d Royal Lancashire Militia, composed of about 700 rank and file, left Liver pool for Edinburgh on Friday. FESTIVAL IN HONOUR OF THE MADONNA. The following is from a letter dated Naples, Jan. 2. —The city has, for the last week, been turned upside down in getting up a fete and procession in honour of " Maria Vergiue." The streets and purlieus of Naples have been cleaned out as they never have been since the halcyon days when our beloved (big) brother, the Em peror of all the Missies, condescended to visit this hum- Tole sein, of absolutism. Whether, as then, coachmen were ordered to put on round hats and long-tailed coats, and Lazzaroni to imprison their unaccustomed feet in leather, I know not ; but everything was done to give the external aspects of decency to the city. The king, it appears, went on foot from his palace to the church of Gesu Vecchio, whence this extra ordinary procession started. The cardinal, bishops, mad clergy led the van—then came the gigantic doll like image of the Madonna, followed immediately behind by his Majesty, supported by generals on either side. The Hereditary Prince, supported by his two uncles, then followed—the younger son of the King succeeded—then came a line of royal carriages, and the whole was closed by cavalry and a train of artillery. In this way the procession made the round of old Naples, returning, after four hours' walking, to the soot from which they had started. Her Majesty and a large assemblage of the court were at the wi n d ows o f th e palace, and all Naples was out to witness this distinguished act of royal devotion. His Majesty was so much Over come by his feelings that he was frequently seen to wipe away the tears which rolled down his pious cheeks. Would that but one tear had fallen for Poerie and hundreds of others who at this hospitable season are pining within dungeon walls. What is the mean ing of all this ? I asked of a sharp-looking man, who had been a curious spectator. " Why, sir," was the reply, "two religions had a lite' with the Pope as to whether the Madonna was immaculate or not, and now his holiness has decided that all religions' are to believe in her immaculate conception." So important an event was not likely to be passed over in Naples, and hence the great religious demonstration which has just been made. To the man of thinking mind it cannot but be matter of surprise that the 19th century has been chosen for so broad an assertion of Papal infallibility, and on a dogma which has for so many centuries been permitted to repose in uncertainty. Some incredulous minds, too, are apt to think that the decision of the Pope was imperfect, inasmuch as it did not establish the immaculate conception of all the ancestry of the Madonna. Those who know Naples, however, will not be so much surprised at the puerilities practised hero. I believe that there is quite as much knavishness as fdlly in them, and that, like the " panem et circenses" for the Romans, these are provided to amuse and to divert public attention from political reflections. In fact, the great effort here is to emasculate the public mind and reduce it to complete subjection to the priesthood, and so long as that subjection continues there are no hopes for the reformation or resurrection of Italy. What an in sult it is to the best interests of man, that whilst Europe is shaken to her foundations, by the mighty political events of the day, the whole of the south of Italy is drivelling about subjects which ought to have slumbered under the cobwebs of antiquity ! On the Gth of January a much more important act will be per formed—the Hereditary Prince will be declared of age on his reaching his 18th birthday, and in presence of the whole army, on the Campo, will be invested with the in- ' signia of generalissimo of the army. Little is known of the education of the future sovereign, but it may be presumed that it has been of a narrowing cha racter. His disposition is, however, said to be good, and much is hoped for from the arm of 9. prince.. who was so universally beloved, and whose memory often calls the tears into the eyes of the poor people. If I cannot speak of political reforms, I can at all events of great moral reforms which confirm the acknowledged title of Naples to the odour of sanctity. The reform of which I speak may be considered as a pendant to the green trouser movement amongst the Ballerine. The Journal des Demoiselles, highly popular amongst the ladies of Naples, as might be inferred from its title, is prohibited from being issued until certain al terations have been made in the figurini. The drawings with the Parisian fashions were considered toe prurient for the highly moral population of Parthenope. Ac cordingly, pious hands are employed to lengthen the upper part of the dress, and short sleeves are brought down to the elbow. The mode of making the shapes is also abstracted, so that ladies and mantua makers are au desespoir, and may get up a demonstration. The figurini, I hear, however, are daubed in so imperfect a manner that the fashions can be de tected underneath. Still no one will now take in the Journal, and it bids fair to die of inanition. This is another of the recent puerilities practised in Naples. There are few people here this winter, and of those who have arrived the majority are Americans. The King and Queen pass the Ariaja daily, and on arriving at Strada Nuova the King mounts on horseback. An event has taken place which has put all the foreigners on the qui vice. A third orifice has been formed in Vesuvius. It is near the top of the cone, and the opening is so clean that the strata of the mountain may be seen to a considerable depth. Much caution is now required in the ascent, as this orifice is in the path which visitors have been in the habit of taking. The old guides are predicting an eruption, but without suffi cient reason, as many think. THE NEW CASTLE OF BALMORAL. The building is being erected under the direction of Mr. W. Smith, of Aberdeen. The Scotch baronial is the style adopted, but in a modified form. The west and north sides have recived more of the characteristic features of the style than the other two, as our readers will doubtless say may easily be the case, and present carved corbellings, rope, ribbon, and other mouldings. The design consists of two separate blocks of buildings, joined together by connecting wings, at the east angle of which stands a tower 35 feet square, with circular staircase turret rising about 100 feet. This tower and the connecting wing are now only about 12 or 14 feet above ground. The block forming the principal house is, with the exception of the carriage porch, completed externally. It is 120 feet one way, 118 feet 4 inches the other, with a central court 35 feet by 51 feet. At the west angle of the south front are the carriage porch and the entrance hall, 29 feet 6 inches by 18, leading to the corridor, running behind the principal rooms, which are on the west and north sides; the drawing-room, 37 feet by 21 feet ; library, 26 feet by 20 feet, and billiard-room, looking towards the west ; the dining-room, 37 feet (exclusive of recess) by 20 feet, is to the north, where the river is. These rooms are 15 feet high, and above these on the west side, and extending the whole length of it, are the private apartments of the Queen and the Prince, 13 feet in height. The principal staircase is in the centre of the corridor, and there are two side stairs, one at each corner of the east side of the court, all of stone. On the south and east sides of the build ing there are three floors, rising about the same height as the other two, and containing rooms for some of the suite, for visitors, for the royal children, bed-rooms, and servants' rooms. In the square tower will be ac commodation for the same suite, three rooms on each of the fist and second floors ; and for servants on the lower and upper boors. The whole of the principal house, Connecting wing, and square tower, are made fire-proof °I! Faa and Barrett's principle, with wrought-iron rolled Joists. The kitchen offices, forming three sides of a le el and l something more, are to be built on a lower 25 feet, is' the i ground ; and the ball-room, 68 feet by s h u t the ef rad also on a lower level, and so as to dining-room e s Z i n ulch as possible out of view from the along that side. 11' and the principal honk:, tow.rdance building is entirely of granite ; from the terrace running dressed." The stone is of eu i connecting dressed, the mouldiugisb g s co h ao l zd a e r d work, finely d l m ou as r se ; s iotnitahfresntdatein. gzet Work, , and in large uniform ‘` e w l cn a og n . and ball-room are less finely dressa the works, with the exception of the are being executed by contract, and out under Mr. Alexander Clark, the resident ei Carried in e tor, or clerk of works, with whom also as re " the masonry department, is associated Mr. johrig3lrds ton, all, of course, being under the superintendenceaaof the architect.—The Builder. armeTthAnole of THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING% JANUARY 15, 18E. 5. LAW INTELLIGENCE,—Jan. 13. COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH. (Sittings in Banco.—Before Lord Campbell, and Justices Coleridge, Wightntan, and Crompton.) THE QUEEN V. SIR HENRY DE LA BECHE.-RATRABILITY OF THE GEOLOGICAL MUSEUM. In gals case a rate had been struck by the parochial authorities of St. James's for the Geological Museum in Jermyn•street, against which Sir Henry De la Beche, on behalf of that institution, had appealed, and with the consent of the parties the facts were set forth in a special case for the opinion of this court on the question whe ther there was such a beneficial occupation of the pre mises as would render them liable to be assessed to the relief of the poor. The arguments were heard last term, and were at the time fully reported in our columns. Their lordships took time to consider their judgment. Lord Campbell now delivered the judgment of the court. He said that on the ground that the property was in the exclusive possession of the crown for public purposes the court was of opinion that no one was liable to be rated for it. Her Majesty was seized of the pro perty in fee simple, and though by the 8 and 9 Vie., c. 104, the Commissioners of Woods and Forests were entitled to take and use the property, they could only do so for the purposes of management, and not for the pur pose of occupation. Undoubtedly the land might have been so occupied as to render somebody liable, but in this case there was an occupation by certain persons with the sanction of the Lords of the Treasury, under the authority of Parliament, but there was no bene ficial occupation in any one. The case said that the rate was to be affirmed if any one was in the beneficial occu pation of the premises, and therefore it was incumbent on the respondents to show there was such a beneficial occupation in some one. It was not contended that Sir Henry de la Beche was a beneficial occupier. The case as against the Commissioners of Woods and Forests had been very soon abandoned. The Lords of the Treasury could not be shown to be such in fact, nor could any inference of law to that effect be supported. The princi pal reliance of the learned counsel who appeared for the respondents was on tho supposed occupation of the pro fessors, but they had no occupation beyond that which was necessary for the delivery of lectures. It was true the professors were allowed to receive fees for their lec tures, but as they were only permitted to occupy the building for the purposes of instruction, they had really no more occupation than the pupils. They were only allowed to come at specified hours. Then it was said that the housekeeper was the occupier ; but the case found she had no more occupation than was abso lutely necessary for the discharge of the duties im posed on her by the Government. In point of fact, there was no distinction between this case and that of the British Museum, or between this and that of the Royal Academy, when the latter was properly explained. Mr. Justice Coleridge, who had concurred in the judg ment in the case of the Royal Academy, had explained that the judgment in that case really proceeded on the ground that the building was crown property. The case of the Queen v. Temple did not apply ; there the pro perty was vested in Mr. Kaye Shuttleworth, though as a trustee, and besides there was a very beneficial occu pation. The case of Gambler v. Lydford had been much relied on by the respondents, but in that case the farm had been taken on lease, and there was a beneficial occupation of it. On the whole the court was of opinion that there must be judgment for the appellant. Judgment for the appellant accordingly. COURT OF EXCHEQUER. (Sittings in Banco.) GIBSON V. STURGE. — JUDGMENT. The learned Barons delivered their judgment seriatim in this case this morning. The plaintiff, it appeared, was the owner of a vessel on board of which the defendant had shipped from Odessa a large cargo of wheat, which was to be delivered either at the ports of London or Liverpool at a freight agreed on between the parties. In due course the cargo was delivered, but it was ascertained that it exceeded the quantity supposed to have been shipped at Odessa by about 164 quarters ; the increase was caused by a bad voyage, and the result was that the grain was saturated with water, so much so as to swell it to a - very great ex tent. The defendant refused to pay for more than the measurement at the time of shipment. The present action was, therefore, brought to recover the sum of 441. lls. sd. as the excess cf charge for freight over the original quantity as measured at Odessa. The action came on for trial before Mr. Baron Martin, when the jury, under the direction of the learned judge, gave a verdict for the plaintiff, leave being given for the 'defendant to move to enter a verdict. In Easter term accordingly a rule was moved for and obtained, and having been argued at some length, the court intimated that as the question was one of great commercial im portance, they 'would take time to consider their judg ment. This morning, therefore, Mr. Baron Martin, in delivering judgment, said that the plaintiff in his opinion was clearly entitled to re cover. He could not concur in the view taken by the other members of the court upon the question which had been raised ; for if the doctrine of his learned brothers were to prevail, the greatest amount of inconvenience necessarily must arise. His own view was not adverse to that which he understood was entertained by the ether members of that bench—namely, that the claim for freight ought to be regulated by the quantity de livered at the port to which the cargo is consigned. Now, if this doctrine were to exist as law, it would 1,, ntunberitmn 011[1013 lead k. great, delay in tho pay ment of freight, as the parties would then have to wait until the measurement had been ascertained from the foreign ports where the discharge of the cargo took place. It had been stated that to allow the charge for freight to be regulated by the quantity of cargo delivered on arrival would throw open the door to fraud. As to this he did not see the force of the argument, for with respect to any such imaginary inducement to the com mission of fraud and a collusion between the master and owner, the law was open to the consig nee eas il y to ob tain redress. The main objection to the law which was about to be laid down by the majority of the court was in his opinion the large amount of inconvenience which must ensue. He considered the plaintiff was entitled to recover. Therefore the rule ought to be discharged. The Lord Chief Baron was of opinion that the rule should be made absolute, and that the plaintiff was not entitled to recover for any quantity beyond that measured at Odessa. Doubtless that quantity appeared to have increased during the voyage. The precise cause of that excess did not appear. This was quite clear. A shipowner had no right to charge and receive freight for carrying cargo except for carrying it from the port of shipment to that of delivery. In the present case the excess might only have been carried a few miles, or for a few days, seeing that the swelling might have taken place at any point of the voyage. The claim now set up could not be maintained on the terms of the bill of lading, neither could it be supported on the general principles of law. The jury by their verdict bad found that the bulk had increased during the voyage, but as that increase would go to damage the consignee it would be repugnant to justice that that consignee should be called upon to pay freight for the excess. Supposing a case where the cargo consisted of sponge—the freight to be paid by weignt—it would be most unjust not to per mit the consignee to squeeze out the water which it might have taken up during the voyage, before the freight was calculated. But in the present instance the precise measure of the bulk which had been shipped had been ascertained, and it was quite clear, therefore, that any excess must have been water. Something had been said with respect to inconvenience as the consequence which would ensue from the principle which the majority of the court were about to lay down in this case. Now the inconvenience would be far greater, as well as at tended with much danger, if it were to be placed in the power of a shipowner to increase his charge for freight by damaging the cargo. In his opinion it was far better to make a man's duty and interest concur than to adopt a contrary course. Hewas clearly of opinion that the plaintiff could not recover, therefore the' rule ought to be‘ made absolute. Mr. Baron Alderson and Mr. Baron Platt concurring, The rule was made absolute accordingly. ADMIRALTY COURT. (Before Dr. Lushington.) THE BOTKA-PRIZE _ .... This was a proceeding in pcenam for condemnation, and the court at once pronounced the vessel a lawful prize. THE VENGEUR—HEAD-MONET. The Queen's Advocate prayed for a certificate of the number of men on board a Russian war schooner, taken under the following circumstances :—On the night of the 27th of June, 1854, while her Majesty's steam vessel Cuckoo (Lieutenant Murray commander) was cruising off the Aland Islands, the officer of the watch reported that a Russian man-of-war, with colours flying and her boats in tow, was standing towards her. The crew of the Cuckoo were immediately beat to quarters, and it was found that the enemy was a large schooner crowded with men, about a cable's length on the starboard quarter, and that she was coming up with the evident intention of boarding. On finding, however, that the Cuckoo was an armed steamer, she put her helm up and ran off before the wind towards the land, throwing down her bulwarks and clear ing. for action. The Cuckoo immediately wore round and began firing shot and shell, several of the latter of which burst on board the schooner. At one o'clock in the morning the Cuckoo was near enough to fire grape ; but Lieutenant Murray being ignorant of the rocks and shoals amongst which the enemy was leading him, was obliged to slacken speed. The result was that the Rus sians having gained nearly a mile on the Cuckoo were enabled to make their escape to a small battery which was about a hundred yards distant, but one of their boats was observed to be struck by a shot and never reached the shore. The helm of the schooner being lashed alee and the sales trimmed, she ran out from the laud and was taken possession of by the Cuckoo, with her colours and pendant still flying. On boarding her several papers were found scattered about, but t hey referr e d to ot h er vesse l s, and there was nothing to den o t e the name and character of the schooner herself, except ono found on b n o ar a d the w or d V engeur i n sma ll b lack l etters on her stern. broadside uns dlon S g he gun w , as wh p in ie h rc w ed as forthe only The next day th e Cuckoo its tru nn i ons k noc k e d off. and had h a d One of which was di smoun t e d , anchors A he a v n y e not gale Jo el ni however, came on, and Admiral ed Plunaridge t w h i e ti s i n h h e o r e p n tei r z , e s . a3hore, when the admiral ordered gh'ers began to drive prevent her again falling into the handso obe set &re, to Under these circumstances the Queen's advoctahteeenearnyY. the court, in pursuance of the 11th section of PrizethePr-prayed Act, to grant a certificate that there were at the rneneernent of the action 60 men on board the Vengeur,m ie order that the captors might receive 5/. head money for each, Thin was the courno pointed out by the in cases like the present, in which the vessel had been destroyed, in which there were no papers relating to the manning of the ship, and in which the enemy's crew had all escaped. The evidence of the number was supplied by an affidavit of Lieutenant Murray and three of his officers ; and when the Court recollected that the schooner was 70 feet long, and was repre sented to have been "crowded with men," it would probably be thought that sixty was a very moderate estimate. Dr. Lushington pronounced for sixty men. THE FOLEY-PLACE TRAGEDY. LATEST PARTICULARS. From inquiries instituted durin 9 . Saturday at the Middlesex Hospital, and also in Foley-place, ' it would appear that the assassin, Luigi Baranelli, as well as his intended second victim, Mrs. Lambert, as she is called, are both likely to recover from the injuries they have received, a decided improvement having taken place in their condition. With reference to the latter, whose real name is still enveloped in mystery, and is likely to be so until the obligation of an oath before a coroner's jury compels its disclosure, since the murder she has been placed under • the care of her usual medical attendant, Mr. Allen, of Dean-street, Soho, and of Mr. B. N orman , of Ducbess street, who has acted as a kind of consulting surgeon from the moment of the catastrophe with reference to Mrs. Lambert up to the present time. In the course of Wednesday the patient complaieed of more than ordinary pain in the right 'side, and fears were entertained that unfavourable symptoms were setting in, and that in all probability a fatal termination would ensue. On Thurs day, however, the extraordinary pain of which she had complained shifted its seat, and the impression upon the mind of the medical man is, that the circumstance arose from the alteration in the position of the bullet, supposed to be located in some portion of the patient's chest. From this time Mrs. Lambert, as she must still be called, until the disclosure of her right name takes place, appeared to be gradually mending. On Friday evening she was reported to be much better, and on Sa turday so great an improvement had taken place that it was hoped she might be in a position sufficiently ad vanced towards convalescence to enable her to give her evidence at the adjourned inquest on Wednesday. With reference to the connection of the murdered man, Mr. Latham, with the wounded female, it appears they have lived for many years together as man and wife, in the neighbourhood of Dean-street. They were in the habit of remaining in bed till mid-day, and then Latham was con tinually seen with a cigar in his mouth, but was in the habit of coming out dressed in the evening, and spend ing a great portion of the night in a cigar shop in the vicinity. The unfortunate man had been heard frequently to declare, before he left his residence in Dean-street to reside in Newman-street, that as soon as he could see the party with whom he cohabited properly provided for, he should forego-the connection and go to the continent. Regarding the horrible position in which Baranelli is placed, together with the frightful injuries he has him self received, it is next to marvellous the rapidity with which he appears to be approaching convalescence. Since he has been in the hospital he has spent a large • proportion of his time in an apparently sound sleep, but when he woko there was every indication of his perfect sensibility and consciousness of every circumstance pass ing around him. This fact was strongly indicated on the occasion of the coroner's jury and witnesses surrounding the bed of the then supposed to be dying assassin in the hospital on Tuesday. When the screen by which he was surroundtd was removed, Baranelli, with his one eye (the other . being covered), looked eagerly round among the throng, and it was evident in an instant from the expression of the features that it lighted on the object of his affections, Mrs. Williamson, who had been brought to the hospital by Inspector Clively. It has been already stated that Baranelli was a native of Ancona, and on Thursday he was so much better as to be enabled to sit up in bed and write a letter to his mo ther, who is living there, and which, it is stated, detailed his horrible position, and the crime he had committed. He requested that it might be posted without delay. Baranelli, as he appears to get better, seems to be more restless about the ultimate consequences of his crime, which he frequently refers to, and as frequently expresses a hope that he shall die. This circumstance has induced the authorities to direct him to be closely watched by a police con s t a bl e , b o th n i g h t and day, an apprehension being entertained that wnenever he has regained suffi cient strength, and the opportunity offers, he wiil make some attempts upon his life. In order to insure more vigilance in this respect, the constable at his bedside is changed every six hours throughout the day and eight. Baranelli at times enters freely into conversation with those around him, and requests the nurses to send for Mrs. Williamson. As a proof of the consciousness of his guilt, and the retribution in store for him should he survive the injury he has inflicted upon himself, he Ire quently expresses his fear that he shall live to die a felon's death. On Thursday, while some of the medical gentlemen attached to the hospital staff were standing round his bed, ono remarked how much better he looked than he had done on the previous day—on which Bara nelli bitterly remarked, " Yes, you are making me well so as to hang me," or words to that effect. A remarkable circumstance in connection with the tragedy also occurred at the Middlesex Hospital on Thursday. During the morning a respectably-attired man made a most pressing application to be admitted to the hospital to see the murderer. The earnestness of his appeal induced inquiries as to who he was, and what was his object in wishing compliance with his request. It turned out that this person was Mr. Williamson, the husband of the woman with whom Baranelli has asserted he has been on such intimate terms, and who has been, however innocent, the unfortunate cause of the catastrophe. It is needless to say that the applica tion was peremptorily refused, and it has been suggested that, lad Mr. Williamson been admitted, he might have attempted to wreak summary vengeance upon the mur derer ; and, if his own statement be true of his wife's seducer, Mr. Williamson is stated to have been affected even to tears, and charges all his wife's misconduct upon the Lamberts, but added that he loved her as much as ever he did. He stated also that his object in seeing the murderer was to ascertain from him what had become of his child, about a year and a half old, which ho believes to be kept away somewhere at the instigation Of Baranelli. A letter which the assassin wroteton the night pre eeding the murder, addressed to Mrs. Williamson, has already ht©n published, and from which the fact is clearly establisheS r.bat he premeditated the terrible act. Another letter, written Cu the same evening, but with ' out any superscription, in the assassin's handwriting, also in Italian, confirms the determination of Baraneili to commit the crime. The following is a correct transla tion : "During the night, Jan: 6, 1855. " Dearest Friend,— My situation at this moment is most horrible and full of despair. " The Lamberts call me a thief and an assassin. They insulted me also. I see no more. Stay a little while the departure from your dear wife. I mean a little while, until the harshest news shall reach you. I inclose you my likeness. Preserve it as a token of faithful friendship, and pardon me the many troubles. Fare you well, perhaps for ever. " LUIGI BARANELLI." The description given of Baranelli at the house, 35, Newman-street, where he took a lodging after he was turned out of Lambert's house, was that of an apparently quiet, inoffensive man, although it was remarked that he appeared exceedingly melancholy and depressed in his manner. He was known to be up, from a light in his room, the whole of the Saturday night prior to the com mission of the murder. Up to last night both the wounded woman and the assassin were reported to be much better ; and the strong presumption is, with regard to Baranelli, enter tained by the medical gentlemen under whose carp he is placed, that the ball from the pistol must have fallen back and dropped down the throat, as no traces yet can be found, nor do the symptoms of the patient indicate that it still remains embedded in the head. 3fUTLYY 'OF THE AVON'S CREW. PORTSMOUTH, JAN. 14. Some very strange and unfortunate circumstances have occurred to prevent the removal of the sick and wounded troops that have come home in the steam transport Avon to their final destination. The Avon came into harbour from the Crimea, with 214 sick and wounded men on board, on Friday morning. Those who had to go to hospital were at once landed and conveyed there on stretchers, and the rest remained on board all that day and night, the Avon discharging some stores she had brought home, and being ordered, by directions from London, to convey the sick and wounded round to Chat ham. We know of no other reason for sending them round by water instead of by rail (as had been the case with the sick and wounded who arrived home in the Hima laya and Candle) than that of economy , . Whetever was the reason, the Avon was to have sailed with them yesterday morning, but her crew and stokers all refused to remain on board any longer. It appears that their engagements expired upon their arrival in port in Eng land, and this they were determined to abide by to the strict letter. The Captain of the Avon urged upon them the necessity of carrying out the orders of the Govern ment, and he appealed to the condition of the wounded and sick around them, but all to no purpose—they em phatically refuied to take the vessel any further. He promised them extra wages—as much, we were informed, as 4/. per man for the voyage round and back—but with quite as much success. The fact is, the men were quite mutinous and abusive, many of them being inebriated. The Superintendent of the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company, Captain Vincent, had arrived from South ampton, and finding there was no prospect of the men complying with the orders of the Government, he re solved to discharge them. This was accordingly done, and the men went about their business in a body. The result of all this was that Government had to be telegraphed to for fresh orders as to what was to be done with' the men who were the chief sufferers by these pro , ceedings, and in the course of the afternoon directions came down for the men to be conveyed to Chatham by rail on Monday (to-morrow) morning. They are to leave the dockyard by seven o'clock. It was too late on Saturday to send the troops on then to Chatham, as they would not have been able to arrive there till late at night. The poor fellows have consequently had to be kept on board all yesterday and to-day—Mr. Tydd, assistant-surgeon of the 58th Regiment, 'who has come home in charge of them, not wishing to take on himself the responsibility of granting them orders to leave the vessel, as it is feared that, in their present condition, bad consequences might ensue from exposure, or per haps a little irregularity. The officers who have come home wounded or sick in the Avon all landed on her first arrival, and have gone to their various homes. The men are tolerably comfortable on board, and have plenty of food, with fresh meat ; whilst some of the inhabitants have been kind to them, sending in a pint of porter to each man, &c. They, however, do not like their deten tion, although they submit to it without a murmur. As it is, their detention on board will not be longer than if this ship had taken them round, and they will now get to their dpstination quite as soon ; but they would, of course, have got there at least a couple of days sooner had they been sent on yesterday by train. To-day a party of stokers and seamen have been sent round from Southampton by the Steam-packet Company, to nayigate th e A yon to that pit to-mezroW, She has repairs of damages, caused by the gale in the Black Sea, to make gocd., The crew of the Avon, on leaving her, took away with them a number of muskets, bayonets, swords, articles of uniform, &c., that had been • taken from the enemy. Some had three or four musket-barrels each, the stocks having been used by the English troops for fire-wood. One man, who was much intoxicated, dressed himself out entirely in Russian uniform, having an infantry sol dier's trousers, jacket, and brass helmet on, whilst he had a sword round his waist, and a Russian bearskin knapsack strapped to his back, the straps, belts, &e., being complete. In this dress, and shouldering a long musket that had belonged to the enemy; he marched out of the dockyard. He was, of course, soon sur rounded and followed by a crowd of persons. . . . It was evident that the conduct of the merchant crew made considerable imprs'sion on the soldiers. They were struck with the facility and indifference with which they could desert the ship and service to which they had be longed, to say nothing of what was due to the sick and wounded themselves. Such conduct only appeared to cause the soldiers—sergeants, corporals, and privates—to 'remember more acutely the exertions that had been made by the sailors of the royal navy, in ministeringto the com forts and wants of tbearmy, and their devoted care and at tention to the wounded on the battle-field. Whilst gazing on the mutinous spectacle going on around them, many a poor fellow told of ,the care and kindness, and truly femine gentleness, with which he had been carried from the spot where he fell to a place of help by the sailors of the royal navy, and of almost equal kindness being exhibited to the wounded Russians themselves. They also were not slow in expressing their surprise at the superhuman exertio ns ma d e b y the seamen of both the French and English navies at disembarkation in the Crimea. The want of feeling, of esprit de corps, and attachment to their service and ship, displayed by the merchantmen evidently grated on the feelings of the troops. ' FATAL SHIPTVRECK-ONS HUNDRED AND SIXTY-FOUR LIVES LOST. LLOYD'S, Saturday. The Hamburg mail, which arrived this morning, brings intelligence of further losses off that coast during the terrific gale on New-Year's Day. Three coasting vessels foundered, every soul belonging to them being lost. The reported loss of the George Canning,. one of the Hamburg and New York packet ships, on the Sornhorn Sands, at the smith side of the .Elbe, is unfortunately confirmed. Every soul on board met with a watery grave. One account states she had 164 persons in all, among whom were 136 passengers. A spar has been washed ashore with the corpse of a beautiful little girl, about ten years old, lashed to it. The ship was insured at Hamkurg and New York for 30,0001. The same mail brings tidings of the burning of a fine steamer belonging to Hull, called the Lady Seale, Cap tain Bailey. She arrived from that port at Hamburg on Tuesday evening, and early tne following morning she was discovered on fire. Notwithstanding all the exertions made to save the ship, the fire continued to rage, and the vessel was burned to the water's edge. Another very larsc transport-ship, called the Hempsyke, No. 119, is reported destroyed by fire on her way to Balaklavastvith provisions and rum for the our troops in the Crimea. She was the property of Mr. Allen, the shipowner, of Leadendall street, and the fire is said to have originated in the hold among the cargo, but under what circumstances Lloyd's agent at Constantinople, where the disaster oc curred on the 27th of last month, has been unable t) ascertain. The ships of war sent their fire enginei and boats to aid in the suppression of the fire, but without avail. She was burned to the water's edge. This makes the twentieth transport ship that has been lost since the war was declared. The loss of the provisions intended for the troops, at a time when such scarcity of stores exists in the Crimea, is greatly to be regretted. A Li verpool emigrant ship, the St. Patrick, 1,000 tons, Cap-. tain Whitman; which left that port for New York on the 15th of last November, has been totally wrecked at Barneget. The passengers, 417, and crew, were ally saved. INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS. Both evenings (Dec. 12 and Jan. 9), were entirely de voted to tho discussion of Mr. P. W. Barlow's paper " On some peculiar features of the Water-bearing Strata of the London Basin." It was urged, that the term "water-bearing strata " should be more clearly defined, and it should bo shown whether it meant the chalk, through the fissures of which the major portion of the water percolated, or the sands which were entirely saturated with water. The views expressed some time since, by the Rev. Mr. Clutterbuck, in his communications to the institution in 1842 and 1843, were insisted on as having been confirmed by subsequent investigations. Professor Ansted's paper "On the absorbent properties of chalk," was also quoted in aid of the proposition of its retentive properties, and it was shown that the action was chiefly by capillary attrac tion, and existed to such an extent that chalk would contain one-third of its bulk and one-fourth of its weight of water. Hence it wag argued that nearly all the chalk was super saturated with water "in situ," but nevortheless it did not follow that it could be drained, except through the fissures and layers of flints. It was admitted that the indications of Mr. Dickenson's rain-gauge might not be critically ac curate ; but they were so f ar correct as that they served to inform him what supply of water ho might expect in the river. The rate of evaporation from the sur face, both by sun and wind, required to be watched care fully. If it were possible to evaporate down to about six feet beneath the surface, very little, if any water, falling as rain, would reach the lower beds. After a dry summer the earth required 3 inches of rain to compensete for the previous evaporation, and it was only after that quantity , had fallen that there was any surplus moisture for re plenishing the springs. The details were given of the experiments made and the effect produced by the pumping at the well sunk by the Grand Junction Canal Company, near Tring. The depth of the well was 75 feet, with two bore-holes below that level, down into the chalk, whence by means of engine power and two pumps of 12 inches diameter and 6-feat stroke, the water was intended to be pumped for the use of the canal. The results of the experiments tended to demonstrate, not only that the water in the adjacent wells was reduced, but that the river was lowered and a pond in the vicinity disappeared; but on arresting the pumping, the water resumed its original level in all. It was urged that the sources of the river were in the upper part of the chalk, and therefore that if the well was paddled and close-ateined, so as to exclude the top-water, no effect would be produced ; this, however, on trial, was not found to be the ease, as on the resumption of pumping a repeti tion of the same results was observed. It was also stated that the well at th e C roy d on W a t erwor k s, also sunk into the chalk, had similarly affected the river Dandle. The accuracy of this statement was impunged ;—it was urged that the quantity of water pumped had not been stated, and it had not been shown that there had been a failure in the attempt to reader the steining of the well impermeable. It was indispensable to make wells water tight at the upper portions, in order to prevent them from injuring other wells of less depth in the vicinity. It was stated to be practicable to obtain a large supply of water from the chalk, by tie same system as had been employed use of the dock. It was a l so s t a t e d th a t a large quantity fur procurin g a supp l y o f f resh wa t er at G r i msby for the of water was obtained from the chalk, at Woolwich, for the supply of that district, without acting detrimentally upon the neighbouring wells. The peculiar features of the absorption of water in va rious parts of the course of the Lea and the reappearance of the springs at other spots were noticed, and analogous instances quoted—such as the river Mole, which partially disappeared at several places in its channel, and after a subterranean course of some distance through the porous strata and fissures again rose to the surface. M any celebrated springs owed their origin to this cause ; the water when once it was absorbed finding its way into various open strata, or fissures and beds, and only again appearing at some fault, or where, by denudation, or other cause, the porous strata appeared at the surface. The great variety in the quality of the chalk was in sisted on, as necessary to be considered, in assuming it to be a useful water-nearing stratum. In reality the qua lity varied infinitely, from an open texture, broken up and mixed with heterogeneous materials, to a close_ compact substance, almost of the density of stone; its distance from the surface and the thickness of the bed, varying almost to the same extent ; its capacity for water-bearing, or rather for water-yielding, would, it was argued, be also as various and uncertain. It was contended that the sands underlying the chalk would be found the most certain sources of water supply. The condition of the strata at Grirnbsy were different to those of the London basin ; and in the latter locality, some years ago, in any well of moderate depth, :eater was certainly met with, whereas at present it was only found at consider able deptbs,and was only obtainable by great pumping power. The water was no wchiefly found in the fissures and flint beds, and but little in the solid chalk, beyond that held in suspension, and which it was difficult to extract. Water might be found in sufficient quantity, in the chalk, for the supply of two, or three suburban parishes near the metro polis, but the conditions were very different from those of London itself, and it was strongly contended that it was illusory to trust to any such source for a large supply by Artesian wells. The district to the south-east of London wee eouipaLatively intact, but it could only be proved, by experiment, to what extent it was capable of furnishing a largo supply ; although it was admitte4 that a large quan tity of water was wasted by the springs rw.i.ing into or rising in the river, which might probably be beneficially ployod. The case of the well now being sunk at Hampstead was quoted : that well had been sunk at a spot 172 feet above Trinity H. W. mark, with the intention of procuring a supply of water from the chalk, which was found a t a depth of 320 f ee t f rom the surface. The chalk was com pact, hard, free from fissures, and comparatively dry ; and the flints were distributed through the mass, and not in layers. After sinking 218 feet in the chalk boring was commenced, and had proceeled until a total depth of 1,13') feet had been arrived at, traversing a thickness of 540 feet of chalk, the subjacent gault, and into the red clay, pre sumed to overlay the lowes green sand, in which it was anticipated a supply of water would be found. Little or no water had, however, hitherto been yielded in all this deep boring. The influence of swallow-holes, in admitting streams into permeable strata, was noticed, as also that the lower green sand must evidently be the source of many of the springs, having the appearance of arising from chalk ; as the rain was rapidly absorbed at the denuded out-crop of those sands, and the water frequently passed from them through the fissures in the chalk, and appeared to proceed from the latter stratum. It was contended, that the anticipated quantity of water to be derived from the chalk, and even from the green sands, was exaggerated ; the supply might for the first few years be considerable, but by degrees the super-saturation would be reduced, and the supply would depend on the percolation of the annual rain-fall. The best accredited experiments, upon various soils, showed that not more than four inches of rain infiltrated through the strata and flowed outwards in the shape of springs. Beyond that quantity then any supply must be derived, by pumping, from the constant quantity held in suspension in the various strata, and that source of supply, it was argued, would be soon diminished in certain localities. It was admitted that water was obtained from chalk, chiefly, if not entirely, by infiltration through the fissures, and the layers of flints; and that although chalk was a rapid absorbent of moisture, it did not readily part with it again, nor in its normal condition would it afford a ft ee passage for water; therefore i t could not be correctly denominated a water-bearing stratum ; whereas sand would tee correctly so termed. in ceftain districts so intersected excessive a r - b T y he fi c s h su a r lk es :va a s n , d ho h t a v d ev s e u r, ek numerous layers of flint that bearing stratum was ob ptariancetdic;allayiutili e h e e n ff e e e c , t ,,Al o o f pumping from one well would affect all around, as also the sources of the streams. In other distr'..cts the chalk possessed such a density that all hope of obtaining water from it was vain. The quality of the 'fnalk under London was as various as the depths etw:nich it was reached from the surface. The same pe cediaritiea exhibited themselves at Paris, where in one situation water was reached at 574 feet, whilst at the Puits de Granola it had Leen necessary to go as deep as 1,800 feet. Sand was, on the contrary, essentially a water-bearing stratum ; the facility of yielding moisture depending gene rally on the size, and therefore the collective compactness, or openness, of the grains. It was as suscept ib le of satu ration as the chalk, but not as capable of retention of mois ture. In some districts the lower tertiary sands were mixed with clay, which interrupted the flow of water, whilst in others they afforded a free passage. The intermittent character of the flow from the well at Grenolle was mentioned, and was shown to arise chiefly from stoppages of the pipe by sand, although the quantity of water delivered was undoubtedly influenced by the fall of rain on the out-crop of the tertiary strata, into the basin of which the well was sunk. Artesian wells were not sufficiently universal in their application, and could scarcely yet afford correct data as to the character of the flow, but instances w ere c it e d of one well of that kind, stated to have been sunk in the 12th century, and another about a century old, the supply from both of which was now, ap parently, undiminished in quantity and unchanged in quality. It was contended that the dry character of the chalk in certain localities was an indication of its being really a water-hearing stratum, as it was submitted that its layers of flints, and its numerous fissures, afforded the most rapid means of percolation. In reasoning from results obtained by gauges it was necessary to observe the character of the rain-fall ;if the rain fell gently, the evaporation might be so great that none would percolate ; or during a storm it might all run off the surface ; therefore the question could only be solved by observation for a long period, and over an extensive area of out-crop. It was also necessary to observe the swallow holes, and numerous depressions in the chalk dis tricts, as by them great quantities of water were conveyed to the lower strata. It was mentioned that the lower green sand stratum had been reached in the Hampstead well at a depth of 1,150 feet from the surface, and a very short time would now demonstrate the correctness or the fallacy of the views as to the quantity of water to be obtained from those strata. There was great difference in the condition of chalk, with or without flints, and it was contended that in some cases the latter contained a larger amount of water than the former. The lower beds appeared to be saturated with water which had percolated from rain or melted snow, and was only arrested by the clay, and hence the accumulation in the chalk, until the water rose to such a height as to flow Out as springs. The wells under London did not now yield more than eight millions of gallons per day, and the water-level had been gradually sinking. In the year 1824 the water, when not affected by pumping, rose to within 10 feet of high water mark, but now it did not reach to within 60 feet of the same level. Ther© could not be any doubt of the south-eastern dis trict, mentioned in the paper, being very full of water, but it might be anticipated that it was there, as in other districts, an accumulated store, which, when heavily drawn upon and not adequately replenished, would after a time foil as other stores had done. Few questions were more difficult to treat than that under consideration, and it Was hoped that the results of investigation and of observation 1 " 141 d he annually laid Wore the meting 4. TRADES WEICH AFFECT TEE EYES. The Committee of the Society of Arts on Industrial Pathology, consisting of Dr. T. K. Chambers (reporter), Mr. J. Simon, F.R.S., and Mr. T. Twining, jun., have just made their first annual report to the council of the society. The report is this year directed to one organ only—the eye, and comprises communications from Mr. White Cooper, Mr. J. Dixon, Mr. France, Dr. Gibb, and other ophthalmic surgeons, as well as .from some manufacturers and working men. The following is a resume of the report : 1. That the following classes of artizans are exposed to injury of the eyes from chips, splinters, dust, grit, or fluff, viz., engineers, masons. stonecutters, stonebreakers bricklayers, soda water bottlers, turners, fitters, • hammermen and smiths, cutlers, railway guards, rock blasters and quarrymen, millers, chimney-sweeps, workers in cotton, flax-dressers, feather-cleaners, drug grinders (especially in grinding blistering flies), shoe makers (from breaking of the awl) ; and that ,the following appliances, have been found useful in pre venting the ill consequences of such exposure, viz., for those liable to blows from large portions of hard sub stances, such as stonebreakers, &c., coarse metal net ting as Eve guards, and for those exposed to the finer dust crapesp6ctacles, while at the same time free venti lation of the apartments they work in would relieve much of the inconvenience. 2. That the following suffer from the chemical nature of the substances which, in the shape of solid particles, act under the eyelids, viz., bricklayers, workers in lime, workers in potash. ' . . . No special preventive seems to be here pointed out beyond the placing within reach of the workmen the ready means of immediately cleansing the parts with pure water. Some such apparatus as that described in Mr. White Cooper's communication might be placed in the workshop or superintendent's office. (The action of chemical fumes, strictly so called, has not been reported to cause injury.) 3. That the following suffer from excess of light or glare proceeding from the material used, viz., furnace men, gilders,bookbinders. NO practical remedy for this inconvenience 'has been suggested, as spectacles which intercept the . light would diminish the efficiency of the worknian. It may be observed that there is a great difference between excessive illumination of the work, and excess of light on the eye. The latter is the most common, and is considered under a separate head. 4. That the folloWing suffer from deficiency of light, viz., dressmakers, tailorS, sempstresses, cobblers, and, in fact, all who, having to direct the needle to a definite spot, are unable to command the requisite amount of direct illumination. 5. That the ill effects of deficiency of light are much aggravated by working long on the same material or colour. The remedies for this and the foregoing evil are, increase of light and variety of work. 6. That flickering of light is a great evil, which is felt much by compositors and all who work at minute objects by gas illumination. The simple remedy fur this is the employment of glass chimneys. 7. It seems improper,that an equal quantity of arti ficial light should fall on the work and on the eyes of the workman. If that is the case, the latter become over strained. This evil, when it occurs, is emily obviated by shades to the light, which defend the eye, and throw the illu mination on the required object. The shades should be made of white or light-coloured material, so as to reflect as much light as possible. Ground glass between the light and the worker is injurious, by intercepting.and diffusing the illumination instead of directing it on the object. 8. It seems doubtful whether heat and cold have much ill influences over the healthy eye ; but when it is in a weak irritated condition there is no doubt but that they are injurious. 9. Bad ventilation, constrained postures, over-indul gence in spirituous liquours, the fumes of tobacco, and all other violations of hialthy habits, are injurious to the eyes at the same time as to the rest of the body, and aggravate the bad effects of the above-named in dustrial occupations. 10. •The employment of the eye, when the body is in an exhausted state from want of food, prolonged work ing hours, mental distress, &c., even in handicrafts not of themselves pernicious, is very detrimental to the organ. So that the later periods of work are those which are found most materially to weaken the sight and injure the eye. The shortening of working hours would probably be a saving in the end to both master and artisan, for the faulty execution of that which is completed with an imperfect organ must be a loss to the former, while the latter is ill remunera t e d by slightly increased wages for the risk of illness which he runs. 11. The diffusion of knowledge bearing OR the health of artisans by means of class journals is worthy of the serious consideration of philanthropists. WOOLLEN TRADE. (Prom the Leeds Mercury of Saturday.) LEEDS, Jan. 12.—We have to report a little im provement in the state of the woollen market this week Both on Saturday and on Tuesday there was a' good attendance of merchants in the cloth halls, and consi derable activity. A much better tone prevailed gene rally in the market, and a good quantity of cloth changed owners. HUDDERSFIELD, TUESDAY, Jan. 9.—The market to day was an improvement upon our former reports. There were buyers from London and the sister isle in attendance. They, however, did not purchase exten sively, as is supposed from prices not meeting their ex pectations, and the cost of goods having been such that any sensible reduction would strike off all profit. ROCHDALE, Jan. B.—This has been the new, or first market, on which day holiday is kept by the good people of Rochdale, and there is necessarily a great hindrance to the transaction of business. The market has 'been quiet and little doing, at prices no ways different from those of last week. The wool market is inactive, but prices firm. BRADFORD, Thursday.—Wool—There is no improve ment to note in this department, hut there is every hope of a change for the' better. Yarns—The demand for some kinds h improved, and the aspect is more hop:111 than it has been. w for som e ti me p as t. Pi eces —This de partment also ears a more cheerful appearance, and hopes are entertain e d o f an i mprove d s t a t e of . HALIFAX, Saturday.—We'haVe had more doing in the piece market to-day, and in yarns there are fair orders out. The wool market is rather bare of useful long stapled kinds, and prices, consequently, are inclined to be dearer. Clothing wools likewise show greater activity at improved rates. __ _....a.._ ~ --- COUNTRY MARKE!S• p., America (by 11, State 9 ., packet) ..........N Australia (via Bouth-' ampton) Ditto (via Marseilles) Nj Ditto (via Cape of Good Hope) ............N Africa (West Coast)..N Alexandria.......... N Alexandria ..........M Bahamas ...........M Belgium ............N Brazil Buenos Ayres ----DI Cape of Good Hope Cape of Good Hope ..N Cape de Verds ......N Ceylon (see India) Ceylon ..............N Channel Isles.. ..N China (see India) Constantinople Constantinople ........ Cont. of Europe M & N Egypt (see India) France . & N Gibraltar Greece (zee India) Greytown Southampton ELussburgh ..........N London ....• Flavannah ..... M Southampton golland Dover ....• Flonduras SouthaMPto o , India (viaSouthampt.)M Plymouth " India'(via Marseilles)3l Dover .• •• *' lonian Isles (see India) Dover .• •• •• Ireland & N Hulylie.td - • • Lisbon Soutliarnl o , " , Itadeira SoutharnP'. Madeira LiverP° ol Malta (see India) •• •.\ Kalte. t•taurit;neC;:ee: \ 18, & 28 of mon. Dote r IVlanritius 14th of the month MeLieo •••• 2ml of the month.. Sotithmarapten Naples sthl6ol2sthormon.,Dover New Granada ......M 2d & 17th of mouth 'Southampton New Zealand ,By private skip Various port: Papal States 15th 1 sth2bithofmon. Dover ...• •• Peninsula ..........M 7thl7th27thofmon. SouthaulPO P Peru ...... Id & 27th of mon.,South:mpto o Port Natal By private ship... Various Por ts , Sicily ..............17 1 5thl5th25tholmon, Dover .... •• , T uscan y ............Nisth 15th25thofmon. Dover .• • • •• Venezuela .. 2d & 17th of month Soutin WOW Van Diemen'sLand (see Australia) .......... West Indies 2d& 17th o r month Iseuthamptoni !lan. 4 . IJan. 9 Southampto l3 Dover .....' •••• ..... •• 23d Of the worth., 3,9, & 30 of m. ith & 21th of mon. 17th of the month ,9th of the month.. 19th of the m00t:. .. Plyrnonth Dover ..... • Southatnpta tSenthaniptou over •• •• •• ioaLitatriptuD Various ports Jan' ,afi 0.0617- 9th of the month Southampton fan 4 V 2d & 17th of mono, Aouthamptcn isoutharap t on 8,1308,23,&28 of m 4th & 20th of mon. Twice daily Dover ...... Southampton Dover ...... TO " $ .110* !Twice daily.. .. . 1, 7, 17, 20, 27 do Dover ...... Southampton IJss• 16 2nd & 17th of mon. Tuesday & Fri(lay 2nd of the month Dai1y............ 17th of the month.l VI& 20th of mon.! 9th& 25th of month 7, 17, & 27 of monl Twice daily 7,9, 17, & 27 of m. 9th •of the month 23d of month .... ijsal• 16 DA III I6 ~ Jl n. 4 '1 11 4 f Ic6a° 16 !L oft . I s o. 1 Litrucerl47 1 Boutin unPton d u When any of these dates fall Si ri a Sunday, the Mails " Tri clie spatched on the following day, with the exceptie I of the .bed Southampton), and the Malta, both of which will be deeP 4tc preceding day. WIND AND WEATHER Rapala' ,„ 13. SATIIIMAY, d i ''' . Statioso. Coarse of Wind. State i if Wootl ier. Greenwich ... Calm ..... .... Overcast.. Lothbury Leeds Great Grimsby Boston N. W. .... .. Fine. Cambridge ...... .. N. Fine. Yarmouth • N.E Rai'. Leamington E. Cloudy—Cola. Southampton E Portsmouth Poole Winchfield.... Hague N.W Cloudy. Ipswich y —C ;old. Shrewsbury E Manchester W Foggy. Stoke-on-Trent ... S.E. Whitehaven Maryport . Lancaster Carlisle Liverpool Holyhead Bristol E Plymouth Eieter Gloucester Cardiff N.E Fine. Swansea E. Fine. Haverfordwest Brighton N.E. Cloudy. Derby N.B. Cloudy. Leicester N.W Cloudy. Nottingham Aberdeen .. W. Very fine. Dundee Perth Edinburgh W... Foggy. Glasgow N. Cloudy. Newcastle Sunderland Darlington N. Scarborough York Hull No wind.... Fine. e l The works at the Exhibition Palace are being rif c o 0 : A on with great activity. Workmen have already e 9 menced laying down the floo r i ng o f th e l arg e ta l ,"i t s building on the Quay de Billy, an d th e roo fi n g ° of: very advanced state. At the same time worlaneV, already completed at th e extrem i ty o f -th e . Montaigne the general outline of the building ' c AP" exhibition of art, It is to be of timber throuchon! , th e the workmen are at present engaged in fitting„ l9 e glazed frames which are to give light to the builaw%,. Ic ' c ue ~~ ~r ~__!.. to t tv °ll l . ha try 4 t 1 41 44 ter r1..) Sirt e Ip *h it , 6 h t tl rth lo !.1.4 ,13t,';1'4.4:1,411;11i;aR1 11(attw-LI HADDINGTON CORN MARKET—JAN. L i. First BOB Oct 35s 6d. 31s Od 453 01 / 41(1 . 1 WHEAT. I BARLEY I OATS. n: 4l4 _ ° ( ; ( 1 ); ALB E 6d 47 ~1 11 ; A r IT Second 6Bs lid 1 33s 3d / 28s 0 Dik, ea, 2 8.; Third 62s Od 1298 6d 1 68 6d ' 425 , a , k r,"erY Tue. Total quantity of wheat in market, 490 qrs., 533 s sOla ?lee " barley „ 551 qrs., 'd 8E PS SP 4'l 51::, PS PP oats IP . 481 qrs., ld U E 78 to' , SP SP beans PP 87 qrs., , Ct Is AVERAGES PER IMPERIAL QIIARTE R. ~ i kt t r ,,, I MItE 3 31: 5 ,„' ''stit:'lDEN Wheat, _ 31.. 811 8-12ths I Barley, —V. 13 1.121 ii. , 62,k, PitYabl Oats, ... 1/. 8 6 9-12ths I Beans, 2/. 7 o '' titf'stlviiii op NrY13,1855. DALKEITH GRAIN MARKET—JAN. 11 ' . 7 .. Infor l° 3 I Qrs. Best. , Current. . 561 0 PA REIN 398 Wheat 74s Od. ... ..... 00s Od .......- 203 G 1602 Oats 3os 4d 995 Barley 34s 6(.1 o o o o oos ss 00 0 1 (1. .................. :....... ,11 0, 0 1 4tl , t r 'e tu golng 4 mates 95 Peas & beans 483 Oct l o4. 7leati on v ' I D t ar lilit, ABERDEEN—JAN. 12. lt of th al, s ofa , e si, The prices of grain to-day are—Oats, 00s Od 401 o ° 3 _ ,7,', , 4 by CPPY h 40 fibs per bushel; new oats, 248 Oct to 25s 6d, b3{; ~sol,dr.lik,a7T bushel ; bere, 30s Oct to 32s 6( . 1, nibs per bushel ;NZ 0 4 , 7 1 re Tete re „:! 318 Od to 32s Od, .531bs per bushel ; wheat, red, 6° , 3 A ,, 01 4 fmlis it: orru l s , :be:r o ti r :i 64s Od, 62143 per bushel; wheat, white, 68s Od t ° v iol]; 621bs per bushel ; oatmeal, 19s Oct to 20s Od Pr er ., ot : s r odoa lbr ;; flour, 668 Od to 58s Od per sack. Provisions-- 304 r" 9d; . 1 1 , 4 ` rASI 6d to 8d ; mutton, ditto, acl to 8d ; veal; dittotsd7tdo pork. per lb, Os 5d to Os 6d ; salmon, per lb, is rabbits, each, Od to Od ; tallow, per stone, 5s 91 1 t ° °3 1 . 2(1i potatoes, per peck, 8d to Os 9(1; butter, per lb, nd tc' ed to , i'd:,' Mtk i ir l ' eggs, per doz, Os 10d to Os lld ; hens, per pair. 33 4 , 3 0 J 're t trsayt, r u e, ' 3s 6d ; chickens, ditto, 28 0(1. to 2s 6d ; ducks, ditto, to 28 61 ; - ducklings, ditto, 2s 6d to 4s d ; '''3„ l tter 3s 6rl to 4s Od ; geese, ditto, 2s 6d to 33 Oct ;,„rO4; , . 4 ,, OP for exportation (preent Cure), per cwt, ns to u' s ,„ T ies 1 t -uttl - Nir ditto (summer cured), 008 to 00s Od ; eggs, wholesale' r - . 44 r tre ks'ry, s - ' ,, per dozen, 6d to 7d ; 41b loaf, 7d ; 21b loaf, 31d ;pi; i llek: 7 : 4 ' l 7 t o d ( 7 ) , l ' fine small, Os Od to I's Oct. pork, large, Os Od to too 11,1,,e••a quasi lamb, per qr., Os to 03 Od ; cheese, per imperia l 6 , NAo: QI WICh, Gs 6d to 7s. '' , l ke 'D Il eati ‘iit Pte4 , r ltift ' P . RAILWAY SHARE MARKETS. , t 0 „,.. he 8 , t 4,1., 018.1e1 —.a.-- r r °file LIVERPOOL, JAN. 13. trt 411a4elirevert:e ; • tli STOCK EXCIIA.NGE.—The market this Morning I .4,g• b do . e improved, and prices advanced ito i per cent. 01 3 3 y o tk \'`........... leading stocks. C a l e d o ni an , 304 ; Lancashire and $ll4. Ilt , ------- shire, 758 ; London and N.-Western, 1011; Noll•P . c x'.ll,t and Lincoln, 25; Midland, 64. " 14 t N tNv I t o ° .l l .lity i k n l. yANCRESTER, JAN. 13. , 'l6o.ka ti - AA,' i 1,;7„11, ,2 STOCK EXCHANGE.—The market has been stronB - ' O Oll . ' . - ripA t ;lt , most of the business was for the next account. 0° ti` ' 4 '' ;I.til'iH" sale recorded for the current account was East "- tll ett,4:44 , : i t ; to ; el)l.l, .. i 4i itt i tt,i shire, 18i. •.(4, •wt,Z ,,, To flit , BIRMINGHAM, JAN. 13. _,_ ~,,g 11 0 LflitZ n i 'l? STOCK EXCHANGE.—The ,tone of the market . ..,.• - . .. 4 01 - -..e,fese: decidedly firmer, and prices in advance. Great w Z o r* °,,te e ,,, ,„ '''kat Birmingham Guaranteed Stock, 721 ; London and„',„, ii , tr_ ~h;01',1 7 .330 , . Westerns, 1011 4; Birmingham and Stour Vall e r' V1.0(1t - ' 1 , (buyers.) tli g Zeit o :T _ V,........., tte5 t LEEDS, JAN. 13. t stt Y it t n Tr 1 6t r STOCK EXCHANGE.—There was an improvemeo 4 . ii 0 v, 41 -1 , 47 ,,* T. opening, but before the close receded a little, el° 3 '"69i; I...N' i j; ai - 44 311 ( 1 follows :-- Lancashire and Yorkshire, 75A; Midlando, 0 .41.4 ih r : t( York and North Midlands, 27 1-16 ; Ambergaton, Net, nk, Na t Great Northern, A pm. 5 4 4 k .---- tit ItN 14 4 4t4 4: 44 SEABORNE MAILS. 44t4 d , 41'8,2, a • _ 1 Ntit t f: 444 ;t" , 1 , , i i4 4 , 4 _111 , (N signifies that the mails are sent from the General riii 1 ,504:q4 b ° , for the vight—and Ai by the morning--tle to .'h, , •r , Os :,, 4 1 11,,, th e 0 a37 when made il' From wt at ~„. 1 1 , "N"o,x,"'lleh COI7NTICIE7. in General Post- pert ..700 0 ' tie47 4 erc . Office, London. Oispatched. ›..,,/,‘ . ---- so p,. 14, imerica(byßrit.plzck)li very Friday ... fAverpool ... g li ' ' r " b ,a ' fir k , 1144 4 ,0, 0 kmerict.. ,by United Sts. packet) ..........N ••••• • • • - - Liverpool ..• `"-- ' t. l - 1 1eNt•r) , at t . 'tont. tic, —. _.__ BIBTIIB. OF A SON. tl O.l On the 12th inst., at Montagu-street, Russell *l Mrs. Theophilus Redwood. , OF A DAUGHTER. " On the 11th inst., at Stafford•house, the Marchio Desl Kildare. On the 9th inst., the Iron. Mrs. Tombe. fiLa • lio." I I`• o_l-g MARRIED. gee , On the 10th inst., at St. James's Church, Hull, tillsrfi Henry West, curate of Trinity Church, Ripon, to eldest daughter of Captain John Hurst, of Hull. do tol l ,l On the 11th inst., at St. Peter's,, Stepney, W.lir• P e coP Esq., of Market-Drayton, Shropshire, to Emill,!. t sce' (laughter of the late John Norman, Esq., of Dorset -to'''. Clapham-road. DIED e for t A h On the 11th inst., the Rev. Samuel Wilson NV IO- nrivi LLD., rector of Bourton-on-the-Hill, and Canon of Gloucester, aged 94. On the 18th ult., in the Gen era l H os pit a l, SentA rl o ' the jor Charles Stuart Glasbrook, 49th Regt., D.A.Q. ( t e cl '2d Division aged 32, fr om t e t anus f o ll ow i ng a w °- .10 '" received on Nov. 17. by th e exp l os i on o f a shell W ba connoitring the town of Sebastopol. Vs4' On the - 26th ult., at St. Petersburg, Wm. Nichol% formerly of Cornwall -terrace, Regent's-park. .„ On the 10th i ns t. , a t 73 , Westbourne-terrace, o° miral Sir Richard O'Conor, K.C.H. - (), (), LONDON : Printed and Published by MURDO it - o 1 1Sr of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at 27u Sun Office, N .O 'of cf Strand, in the Preeinet of the Savoy, i n th e 00 itiddleasa, damory 15, 1806.