The Sun. — London, England, 1820-11-13 00:00:00

x 4 _tk ty.• ;a* T ~ ,~... .\ ^~ kND s°C . . . . • ~,-Pi K , 7 4 ,f ,,,- , . . I - ,5 ' -!.,,t,' ' . e z i 'N:: i c -- . ..!,.. -G . // Xelt: i (.., , ~ , , s!, / ...,,,-.. 0 , `,, \,••• : ~, ..,,_ - - ' c ' ,- 7 , ..(1 , 00• - ~,,,A , ..: „ •, ,, ,.,,,,, s • ~.„. 7 e, , , yi.. , •\::t\.,...... „ 5 - . .b.„...,,,,..e„ve„:,,,,, *1A- ..' -7------ . ..,,,z • N - TIMBER 8803. . i . . MONDAY, NOVEMBER 13, 1820. L.,•,,,. A.. ,s - wri.' Jena ' t all t :,‘ es pectl A take I a on ° tiro' 91 t ince 0 ; On egl!i ,rs JePk lire le 0 1 train ler; r ciretOg be MY" [PRICE SEVtNPENCE. POST lIORSE DUTIES. A PTRONISED by her MAJESTY, their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of York, and Duke of Sussex, His Imperial Majusty the Emperor of Russia, he their special authority, and by most of the Nobility and , Gentry throughout Europe. ROWLAND'S MAC,ASSAR OIL, the Original and Ge nt:inc., warranted to afford the greatest nourishment to the Human Flair—prevents its being injured by change of cli mate, illness, travelling, &c.—removes the scurf, harshness •and dryness, prevents the hair falling off or turning grey, and produces a thick growth on bald places, makes the hair soft, curly, and glossy, preserves the curl in damp weather, produces whiskers and eyebrows—Price as. 6d.-75.-10s. 6d. and One Guinea per bottle. Also, ROW LAND's ESSENCE of TYRE.—By merely wet ting the Hair with this preparation, the Proprietors warrant to produce immediately a perfect change in Red or Grev Hair, Whiskers, Eye-brows, &c. to a beautiful glossy and permanent Brown or Black, imitating the exact natnial coldur. .Washing makes this Dye more durable. Ladies or Gentlemen may dye their Hair with ease and secrecy. Price 6d.—and lOs. 6d. Sold wholesale, retail, and for exportation. bv• the *sole Proprietors, A. ROWLAND and SON, corner . of Kirby street, the first turning on the right, in Hatton-garden, Holborn, London ; and, by appointment, by all Perfumers and Medicine Venders throughout Europe. A. ROWLAND and SON respectfully caution the Public, particularly those who are travelling Frarce, against spurious imitations, composed of deleterious ingredients injurious to the. Hair. To prevent the imposition, ask for Rowland's Oil, or Rowland's Dye, and observe that each genuine bottle is signed on the outside label, in red ink, " A. ROWLAND and SON."—AII without that signature are counterfeits. other erroneous and exaggerated representations of things, would soon find its own level. In this I have been hitherto disappointed. it would be easy to assign the causes of my disappointment ; the degree its which, by the necessity of the case, the theory of this writer :tattered the vices arid corruption of the rich and great, and the eager patronage'A might very naturally he expected to obtain from them; bat this makes no part of what it is my purpose to say. Finding therefore, that whatever arguments have been produced against it by others, it still holds on its prosperous career, and has not long since appeared in the impressive array of a Fifth Edition, I cannot he contented to go out of the world, without attempting to put into a perma nent form what has occurred to me on the subject. I was sometimes idle enough to suppose, that I had done my part, in producing the book that had given occasion to Mr. Mal thus's Essay 1 ., and that I might safely leave the compara tively easy task, as it seemed, of demolishing the " Principle of Population," to some one of the men who have arisen to maturity since I produced my most considerable performance. But I can refrain no longer. " I will also answer my part ; I likewise will strew my opinion : fur I am full of matter ; and the spirit within me constrainet h me." This is a task in which I am the more hound to engage, be cause, as I have said, if the dogmas which are now afloat on the subject of population are to become permanent, I have, instead of contributing as 1 desired to the improvement of society, become, very unintentionally, the occasion of placing a bar upon all improvements to come, and bringing into diro• credit all improvements that are past. If Mr. Malthus's way of reasoning only tended to the overthrow of what many will call " the visionary speculations" of the Inquiry concerning Political Justice, the case would have been different. aright have gone to my grave with the disgrace, to whatever that might amount, of having erected castles in the air, for the benefit, not of myself, hot of my species, and of the,' see ing them battered to pieces before my face. But I cannot consent to close my eyes for ever, with the judgment, as the matter now seems to stand, recorded on my tomb, that, in attempting one further advance in the route of improvemeot, I should have brought on the destruction of all that Solon, and Plato, and Montesquieu, and Sidney, in ancient times, and in a former age, had seemed to have effected fur the re demption and the elevation of mankind. It is not a little extraordinary, that Mr. Malthus's book should now have been twenty years before the public, without any one, so far as I know, having attempted a refutation of his main principle. It was easy for men of a generous temper to vent their horfor at the revolting nature of the conclusions he drew from his principle ; and this is neatly all that has been done. That principle is delivered by hires itt the most concise and summary manner. lie says, that.he consider ed it as established in the first six pages. The American in-. crease was related (in three lines;) and the geometrical,ratio was proved." Now, it stands out broadly to the common sense of mankind, that this was proving nothing. Population, and the descent, and increase or otherwise, of one generation of mankind after another, is not a subject of such wonderful simplicity, as to be thus established. it is in reality the com plesity and thorniness of the question, that have had the ef fect of silencing Mr. Malthus's adversaries respecting it,— They teens with one consent to have shrunk from a topic, which required so much patient investigation, In the midst of this general desertion of the public interest, I have ven tured to place myself in the breach. With what success it is for others to judge. It may seem strange, that what was so summarily stated, and successfully asserted, by Mr. Malthus, should require so much research and labour to overthrow. The Essay on Po pulation has set up a naked assertion; no more. I might have made a contradictory assertion ; and equitably speak ing, the matter was balanced, and what Mr. Malthus had written ought to go for nothing,. But this would nut have beets the case. " Possession," says the old proverb, "is nine points of the law ;" and the Essay on Population had gotten possession of the public mind. This author entered on a de sert land, and, like the first dircoverers of countries, set up a s ymbol of occupation, ;sod without further ceremony said, "It is mine." His task was easy: he gave the word; his ves sel was launched, and his voyage completed. Like Cymochles in the Fairy Queen, hweac,owueldrisng shipay. I row, That knows her port, amid thither sails by aim ; Ne care, ne fear I, how the wind do blow; Both swift and slow alike do serve my thin. But the task in which I have engaged has been of a different sort. It was necessary that my advances should be slow, and my forces firm. It was mine, not only to dislodge the usurper from his fastnesses and retreats; but further by patient ex ertions, and employing the most solid materials, to build up a Pharos, that the sincere inquirer might no longer wander in the dark, and be liable to be guided by the first daring ad veaturer that would lead bins into the paths of error and de- Nrre ; 1 [7 777 :4 I, 1. I NG- ()FR 111 R . Nov. 7. 1420. i COMMISSIONERS for VICTUAL-' ki.,-,,,LING tn., ALL, ESTI"S NA l'Y do herein, give No n ,t . ' " on Friday, the 17th lust. they will he ready to receive k" t `Feri in writing- (sealed up), and treat jOr Six Hundred if 4,;,:'inoLDsToNE or BROWN WILLOW RODS. (not 'kt s p H - Y u r"rly-eight Inches in length ;) to be answerable to , .;:'''s of not less than 500 each great Tnle, to be produced with ;Cl„ enders ; to he delivered into his Majesty's Victualling rip e 4 a' Deptford, in regular monthly proportions, between - lio c &, y e , ()O'er and Ist of Moich next. And for ?chat ntirt s -lf : AD, BARREL, kILDERKIN, . FIRKI, LONG 6,. de RTPINK and Stout HAZEL WOOD HOOPS, may fr,,,,: a anded for the use of the Stores aforesaid fisr One Year, ‘- 4 „, 1 , 4e. ,-?,./ of Dccenther next ; to be also answerable to 4: 1 .0 be produced with the Tenders. la? ' e ' l4d ilifof the Contracts ntay be seen at the Seere- I( , 07. MS .IV, .•n l ce• Tim fender for a less quantity than One hundred Mille of in nods will be admitted, nor will regard he had to any ,tv,thich the Price shall not be inserted in Words at length, ‘ 3 „ 4 t : 1 shall nit be delivered to the Board In fore One u'Clock klo, . c B aid Friday, the 17th instant; nor unless the Person tr,, mo 4s the Tender, or some Person on his behalf, attends, -""%uer when called for. -......_ STAMP-OFFICE, London, Oct. 24, 1820. NOTICE is hereby given, that, by virtue of an Act. passed in the Last Session of Parliament, in tituled, "An Act to continue, until the thirty-first day of J.inuary, one thousand eight hundred and twenty-four, an Act of the fifty-seventh year of His late Majesty, fur let ting to farm the Post Horse Duties, and to amend the Acts relating to the Post Horse Duties," the Commissioners of Stamps will put up the duties therein mentioned to be pay able for horses, mares, and geldings, hired by the mile or stage to be used in travelling, or hired for a less period of time than twenty-eight successive days (with the exceptions therein specified,) at the Crown and Anchor Tavern, in the Strand, on Friday the 24th day of November next, at eleven o'clock in the forenoon precisely, to be let to farm at yearly reins, for the term of three years from the Ist day of Fe bruary next inclusive, in the several districts or lots follow ing, viz. DISTRICTS. Annual Rent at which they will be put up. . _ 1. North Britain Nortlmmberland, with the Town of Newcastle upon-Tyne ... Cumberland Westmoreland Durham 3. Yorkshire, with the City of York, and Town of 18,000 Kingston upon-Bull 4. Lancashire Cheshire, with the City of Chester Derbyshire ... 19,000 Staffordshire, with the city of Litchfield, and the whole of Tamwort h 5. Lincolnshire, with the City of Lincoln Nottinghamshire, with the town of Nottingham - 10,000 Leicestershire .. 6. Northamptonshire, except IVandsford Inn Itotlandshii e Warwickshire, with the City of Coventry, ex- 17,000 cepting Tamworth Oxfordshire 7. Wiltshire Worcestershire, and City of Worcester Gloucestershire, with the City of Gloucester, 18,000 excepting the City of Bristol 8. Norfolk, with the City of Norwich Soffolk 117,000 Essex Cambridgeshire ... 9. Bedfordshire Buckinghamshire ... 19,000 i ) , P PICE Op ORDNA AWE. Jodi , 3 1 , 1820 . p r .41 ': , PUBLIC are hereby informed that u( Git Thirt, se , ; en PLATES of the ORDNANCE SURVEY °I 0 , - "[IT niturAlN, carried on under the Superintendence 44 4 ,1 4, -'4t e M 1 'or-G e neral WILLI ANI MUDGE. LL.D. F.R. the m , *"., are now complete, and that IMPRESSIONS from C4. 4 re on Sale at the ORDNANCE MAP Of- FICE, in the 11, l'it of LOND,)N and also at WILLIAM FADEN. s, "Z r4 P h er to his Majesty, ' and Agent to the Board of Ord- T h ! t ti in Ilts- -"I ' PLATES contain the Counties of Kent, Essex, tir o : 4 x, Ham s , D orset, D evon , an d C or nwall, and propor kroourr S 'ineTset, Surrey, Pembroke, Cardigan, Carmarthen, ttitub e g:t ll , Wilts, Berks, Middlesex, Suffolk, Hertford, rid " I I \ g -, , e ' 4 r14 „ -• containing nearly the whole of Pembrokeshire, Ist por t -,• of the adjacent Country, was pohlished on the rrrdi "gust, 1819, and as the Work is still in progress, a , .:- . (I, c, ng o the original Design of giving a complete Map o f PrithY / . rt itain riplM a Scale of one inch to a Mile , the tir re ;;;" , 01) of the fun tine parts will follow as fast as tire na tatal b s uch a Work will admit, without increasing the an- Ge . , ► Pense. 1: 5 ,, Plemen wishing to procure a Map of the Country sur 11,i'Riing their own habitations, may, by application .to Mr. 1 4. t * ', ll , at th e Ordinance Map Office (where an Index Porpos, - I " be strewn) selea any sheets they please, for that -. #4l Letters on this subject, addressed to Mr. Baker, under w i l t '," to the Secretruy of the Board of Ordnance, Pall Mall, De immediately attended to. By Order of the Board, \_R. 11. CREW, Sec. ON POPULATION. (FROM A CORRESPONDENT.) At the present moment it cannot but afford a pleasing relief to our Readers to withdraw from the contemplation of that painful and unhappy sub ject which has so long engaged public attention, to the consideration of principles and systems upon which the amelioration of the condition of the human race essentially depends. Amongst these, the inquiry into principles of population stands prominent. It is a subject always re plete with interest ; but particularly at the pre sent period, when every quarter of the civilized globe teems with a redundant population, and when the utmost difficulty is every where felt in providing the means of employment and subsis tence for the great mass of the people. To over come this difficulty it is necessary that the prin ciples of population should be rightly understood, or the mind, overawed by the magnitude of the undertaking, will shrink from every attempt to counteract the effects of an evil which is hourly increasing in an overwhelming ratio, if the prin ciples which have been advanced within the last twenty years will bear the test of an investigation into the facts from which they are deduced. ' Nothing is so difficult and disheartening as the endeavour to stem the torrent of public opinion. It requires the greatest energy of mind to under take the task, and it is accomplished only by the exertio❑ of the greatest abilities. Upon the sub ject of Population, popular prejudice has long been decidedly iu favour of the principles laid down by Mr. MALTnus—so much so, that it has been deemed a kind of political heresy to doubt their accuracy and soundness. It is not our in tention to question these principles, or to discuss the effect which might probably result from their becoming 66 an essential branch of the science of politics." This task has been under taken by a writer, for whose abilities, we, in com mon with the rest of our countrymen, entertain ;, toe Id a ters,. ge nes ' to 'I Mr levy is, at it o4 a +l , 0 si§" 10' id the Ilertfordshire Huntingdonshire, with Wandsford Inn 0. Surrey 13,000 1. Middlesex, with the Cities of London and West -28,000 minster 2. Kent, with the City of Canterbury, and the Cinque Ports 23,000 Sussex JJ 13% Hampshire, with Southampton Berkshire 14. Devonshire. with the City of Exeter Dorsetshire,, with the Town of Pool 22,000 Cornwall N • Somersetshive, with the City of Bristol 15. North Wales, viz. Anglesea Carnarronshire . Denbighshire Flintshire 11.1 erion et hsh i re Montgomeryshire, with Shropshire 16. South Wales, viz. li e tilt"ti e ° NCLUSION of BISH'S . CONTRACT. Schem e of the NEW - LoTTERy coutaitis T. Prizes tteli u ; . ° ° o l. Consols, Two Prizes of 18,0001. Consols, added 'l 2 ,0001. Moors, making together Four . . Prizes of . . £20,000 Consols and Money, OF TWENTY THOUSAND POUNDS Sure to hr drawn First Day. Two op TWENTY THOUSAND POUNDS Alay he gaind by purchasing One Ticket. E ~ r ry rtize above 201 . First Day, entitled to a New Ticket Alt for the Second Day. Tickets now On Sale, sure to he drawn First Day, NEXT WEDNESDAY, (15TH NOVEMBER). TI C v , et Only 6,800 Tickets. tor i i r .ETS and SHAKES are selling by T. BISFI, Sole ton d ": t ur, 4 COUNI-11LL, and 9, CHARING-CROSS, 1 who ;hared and sold, in tie Lottery just ended, t e c d 3,f;45, a Prize of 10,0001. various other Capitals, and by his Agents in the Schemes, with full Particulars, may be had gratis. , and ih° , 115, (Iff ortic t ' tile r the ( - fi n st S e "• l' ff , o nr • 2' *date . n fr Tilee 4 g al t hs xt °J o, mate r iio be 0 . 4 je • tlietr..ol 1114111 Brecknockshire ... Carmarthehshire Cardiganshire Glamorgansliire Radnorshire P e mbrokeshire, with Herefordshire, and ... Monmouthshire Each district will be put up at the sum above set opposite thereto. The highest bidder will be declared the farmer, and will he required to pay down immediately, in Bank Notes, seven and a half per cent. upon the annual rent as a deposit; if no sufficient bidding shall be made for any district, it will be withdrawn. The farmer of each district will be required to give bond, with three or more sureties, to be approved of by the Com missioners of Stamps, in the penalty of half the annual rent, for securing the payment of the rent, and the performance of his contract. And it is intended that the districts shall be put np in any order which the Commissioners of Stamps may think fit, and which will not he declared before the time of letting. All persons intending to bid for any of the said ditties, are to deliver in their proposals, addressed to the Commissioners at the Stamp-Office, Somerset-Place, at. least three days pre vious to the said 24th day of November next, signed with • their names, stating the place s of their abode, and specifying the district or districts for which they intend to bid, othes tvise their proposals cannot be proceeded upon. And no persons licensed to let horses for the purpose of travelling post, nor any one for their use, can be admitted to contract fur any of the said duties. By order of the Commissioners of Stamps, WILLIAM KAPPEN, Secretary. o f n on. , ourg e o f L otion 'Meir COMMERCIAL TREATIES! This Day was published, A In Two Volumes, Avo price 245. hoards, cDMPLETE COLLECT lON of the EATIES and CONVENTIONS at present sub tu between GREAT BRITAIN' and FOREIGN POWERS, tep r t . " they re l a t e t o Commerce and Navigation ; to the Pri,Z si on and Abolition of the Slave Trade; and to/he tta cti Res and in t eres t s o f the Subjects of the High Con innreat!'g Parties ortantmost imp. The whole Documegln in En also in the Fo ish, and the Modern l vs, and reign th ent ? c ages in which they were signed. Compiled from au- D ocuments tib m By LEWIS I-lERTSLET, Esq. b Pri a n al), ad Keeper of the Papers, Foreign Office. n'hit i :4 for T. - t Bookseller to the Ordnance, on, .es• 001 c eitt c rec r' the oft• the highest respect, and to whom it peculiarly belongs, since it appears that the Essay on Po pulation is indebted for its origin to Mr. God win's Inquiry concerning Political Justice. Before we submit any observations to our Readers on Mr. GonwlN's recent work, we shall present them with the preface, in which are de tailed the motives that induced its publication ; and it will be found that the same zealous and unaffected desire to promote the welfare of his fel low-citizens, and of mankind in general, which we firmly believe has ever directed Mr. GOD.. WIN'S literary exertions, are completions on this occasion, whilst a perusal of the work itself will shew that it has not only emanated from the best and purest motives, but that it is eminently qualified to give effect to the good intentions of the author, and to stem the torrent of public opi nion on this most interesting subject. o stit A n " ; a ; Woes' en n. f or k of bI ri der ige . To T. TAYLOR, Esq. 5 9, 11, N , ew Bridge-street, London. ntvoviteu L'EG leave to inform you, that ever since the year 1 790, 1 hail been afflicted with the Lues Venereal, p re from its obstinately resisting every course of medicine et d ',,,"led by the mos t e minent of the faculty here, and no elia' ain g severalsevere courses of salivation, and twice dis he of from the Hospital with little relief, would appear to Ay ~be most inveterate nature. In the spring of last year ""der had got to such a head, as nearly to put a period briaYelistence—l had a large ulcer on the crown of my head, ta e l , a ," each arm, and my legs were brake out in a frightful stat t-e-r .ruy right was dreadfully painful, and had been in a twt, ' ,leerati on fur the last seven years ;my left had also su a _rge nodes on it, was very much discoloured, and gav i e as „, c h e xeruciatin , particularly when warm in bei , , i ` trl Y to deprive ore of rest ; in this lamentable state, I re4 t 'clmnended by Mr. J. Thompson, (who ills, , so Whi e h a %Ore by them h e re), to take Your Leake's Patent I lis, fort n i e l Hegan to do on the With o. May; in the course of a I began to receive benefit—in little more than a so ai ;ae ulcers on mv head and arms were soundly healed— tvoern ers.the sores 07 : 1 my legs healed also; leaving, how to,h:Considerable discolouratiou in the skin, and pain in the (4 lon,„' the left, w hi c h , b y the blessing of God, att.! a little the 'n'r Perseverance in your invaluable Medicine, subsided; ;11 0 61 1:1 0 ,,. e d t e tir (ti a sre p r a s il i i i if , the skin regaining its natural hue, and n gradually going 01E- 1 thus became, by lori bt , ° ' e ral advice and medicine, perfectly free from all my str", r joolplaints—h ave reco vered my former spirits a lid conth 4 ,;: i, „aud am b ecome j o lly and fat, in which state havimg ; l e, I many months, to the astonishment iti all who knew deg y . r uat a loss in what terms to express my gratitude, but f°l- the good of other suffering mortals, to make • "" as- public as pos s ible, as I shall on every ocea n so doin g yon w ill grea tly oblige, 4 ' Your grateful, obedient, very humble sertittnt, Ny e -, ALEX. MORKER n 5 CI.Se, Hit? h-street, Edinburgh. J o h n . 1 , Wi.nesses tithe above Cure:— 3 4 ; 4 '00n, - NO. 3, New Poultry Market, Edinburgh, " u n hilqiitosh, Old Assembly Cl o se, Edinburgh. Lo ß r- Pared and sold by !be sole• Proprietor, THOMAS TAY hoe, ' N ,letober of th e R oya l C o ll ege o f Surgeons, at his 9, New B r id ge - s t ree t, London; where, after a tub o i •" residence o f more th an 40 Years, in a practice part'. ine.hi t Y n directed t o t h e cure o f V enere al C om plaints and those iteree' tal to the Parts of Generation, with that inviolable t ech t Y . Which men of his profession should always nbserve trat ui : Ls tss he flatters himself the advice and assistance he est Ously administers to persons taking this Medicine, Ist att, in 't,taed, by a.discerning Public, as an advat tage seldom t ki.'"lle, and raid of all ambiglity. od, by his appoint went, tor the convenience of those mr ..li gunt _ s ! 4 distance, at the Toyshop, No. 103, Oxford-street ; ;:borou g b' s , N o. 7, Fish-street-hill; Mr. Baxter, on e ri dges Edinburgh ; .'s, -Dub tin ; and of I r e in every considerable town in Groat Britain and /k ith iU boxes )falls 2s. 9d. each, stamped, and sealed up s e , "'II and pl a i n directions, -yhereby persons, of either 4/44.cure themselves with ease„ speed, mosey, and safety. noe t oi :4ei9Y f ife :fling t . en O tto , So aln,,et i c 6 ;t 0' 9 a the of ge Il Of . et itg s ottio o f bsce Subsf r 'co lb ( 'bee o' inage9 " 3 -0 A we , : L iifica tho g , to :holgSo ,e S" so cord5:00 1 ict,qs o ie rtea ,rased 701 a mow- , tent 0 / 1 " :arr s Fr-, oil l ief,' ,f t tie q;, nr'O l tn oi. Of 1A 0 „t i t if; Its ° il ° or G' tt, dsisg b' l it• ge rt., a or and f° 99, 6re- p iir• hi' so 1140grdc" Warranted to Sail on or before the 15th November, having the greater part of her Cargo engaged, FOR MADRAS AND CALCUT l'A, THE Fine Fast-sailing River-built IF', SIIIP THAMES, A. 1. JOHN LIISON, Com r'e. j. - 4 - ‘- ' 4 '.' n ' iand cr. Burthen 370 tons. Lying in the City .„... 4 1. ',,,f ' , Canal. Has very superior Accommodations \ '' '''' for Passengers, and carries a skilful Sur ._,_ ' geon. For Freight or Passage apply to BUCKLES, BAGSTER, and BITCHANAN, 33, Mark•laue. 13th October, 1820. Warranted to Sail on or before Ist January, 1821, having the greater part of her Cargo engaged, FOR MADRAS AND BENGAL, TIIE Fine New Coppered Teak SHIP MOFFATT, THOMAS W. ALDHAM, Commander. Burthen 750 tons. Lying in the City Canal. Has very superior Accommoda --,,.e•:". tions for Passengers; for which, or for Freight, apply to the Commander, at theiernsalem Cof fee- House, or to BUCKLES, BAGSTER, and BUCHANAN, 33, Mark-lane. 13th October, 1820. Warranted to Sail in November, for CALCUTTA, with leave to call at MADEIRA, - THE fine fast-sailing Teak Ship CITY OF EDINBURGH, WILLIAM WISE MAN, Commander. Bur►ben 370 Tons. w , Lying in the City Canal. Has very superior Accommodations for Passengers, and carries an experienced Surgeon. For Freight or Passage, apply to Messrs. BAZETT, FAR QUHAR, CRAWFORD, and Co. 71, Old Broad-street ; or to BUCKLES, BAGSTER, and BUCHANAN, 33, Mark lane. For MADRAS and BENGAL, with liberty to call at MADEIRA, 77 -4 The remarkably fine SHIP , LAD Y . - . <,- • . Laial LusHINGTON, ALEXANDER SCOTT , Commander, lying in the City Canal. Bur '- f ' . — . 2 then 650 tons. This Ship was built and fitted up for the East India Trade; has very superior Accommodations for Passengers, and carries a Surgeon. For Freight or Passage, apply to G. H. GIBBONS, 42, St. Mary Axe ; or to CURLING and Domlirr, 10, George yard, Lombard street. PREFACE. It happens to men sometimes, where they had it in their thoughts to set forward and advance some mighty benefit to their fellow creatures, not merely to fail in giving substance and efficacy to the sentiment that animated them, hut also to realise and bring on some injury to the party they purposed to serve. Such is my case, if the speculations that have now been current for nearly twenty years, and which bad scarcely been heard of before, are to be henceforth admitted j as forming an essential branch of the science of politics. When I wrote my Inquiry concerning Political Justice, I flattered myself that there was no mean probability that I should render an important service to mankind. I bad warm ed my mind with all that was great and illustrious in the re publics of Greece and Rome, which had been favourite F h - jects of tileditation with •me, almost from my infancy. I be came further animated by the spectacle of the Revolutions of America and France, the former -if which commenced when I was just twenty years of age, (though I never approved of the mode in which the latter was effected, and the excesses which to a certain degree marked its very beginning) and by the speculations, which in England, and other parts of Eu rope. among learned men and philosophers, preceded, and contributed to. and have in some measure attended upon, and accompanied every step of these events. I thought it was possible to collect whatever existed that was best and most liberal in the science of politics to condense it, to arrange it more into a system, and to carry it somewhat farther than had been done by any preceding writer. • The book I produced seemed for some time fully to answer in its effects the most sanguine expectations I had conceived front it. I could not complain that it " fell dead-bus n from the Press," or that it did not awaken'a considerable curiosity among my -countrymen. I was never weak enough to sup pose, that it would immediately sweep away all error before it, like a mighty influx of the waves of the ocean. I hailed the opposition it encountered, direct and indirect, argumen tative and scurrilous, as a symptom (we will suppose, not al together unequivocal) of the result I so earnestly desired. Among other phenomona of the kind, I hailed the attack of Mr. Malthus. I believed that the Essay on Population, law struction. I beg leave to repeat one passage here from the ensuing volume, at containing a thought very proper to he presented to the reader in the outset of the inquiry. "If America had never been discovered, the ge ometrical ratio, as applied to the multiplication of matikindovotilJ never have been known. If the British Colonies had never been planted, Mr. Malthus would never have written. The human species might have perished of a lung old age, a fate to which, perhaps, all sub lunary things are subject at last, without one Statesman or one Legislator, through myriads of centuries, having suspect ed this dangerous tendency to increase, 'in comparison wit la which human institutions, however they tray appear to be causes of much mischief to society, are mere feathers." In the following pages I confine myself strictly to Mr. Mal thus's book, and the question which he has brought under consideration. My bitterest enemy will hardly be able to find in this volume the author of the Inquiry concerning Political dustier. I have scarcely allowed myself to recollect the beau tiful visions (if they shall turn out to be visions), which en chanted my soul and animated my pen, while writing that work. I conceived that any distinct reference to what is there treated of, would be foreign to the subject which is now before me. The investigation of the power of increase in the numbers of mankind, most be interesting to every one to whom the human species and human society appear to be matters of serious concern ; and I should have thought that I was guilty of a sort of treason against that interest, if I had unnecessarily obtruded into the discussion any thing that could shock the prejudices, or insult the views, of those whose conceptions of political truth might be most different from my own. I am certainly very sorry that I was not sooner in possession of Mr. Malthus's calculation for peopling the whole risible universe with human beings at the rate of four men to every square yard, contained in his principles of Political Eco nomy. A considerable portion of my work was printed, be fore the appearance of that volume. Seseral passages in these sheets will read comparatively Hat and tame, for want of the assistance of this happy redmtio ad ab.vurdum from the pen of the Author. I cannot close these few pages of Preface, without testify ing my obligations to one friend in particular, Mr. David Booth, formerly of Newburgh in the County of Fife, now of London. Without the encouragement and pressing instance; of this Gentleman my work would never have been begun and the main argument of the Second Book is of his suggest ing. But indeed the hints and materials for illustration I have derived from his conversation are innumerable; and his mathemetical skill assisted my investigations, in points its which my habits fun many years, were least favourable to my nodertal;ing. It is further necessary I should add, that Mr. Booth has scarcely in any instance inspected my sheets,. and that therefore I only am responsible for 'any errors they may contain. The reader will fled, annexed to the end of the. Second Book, a"Dissertation on the Ratiiis of Increase in Population, and in the means of su b s ist e nce, which that Gentleman bad the goodness to simp l y to m e . This is all that is necessary for me to sa y in the way of Pre face. Except that I feel prompted to make my apology i n thi s place, if I shall appear any where to have been hurried into undue warmth. I know how easily this sin is acc!tstorned to beset all controversial writers. I hold Mr. lali l lo m , i ts a ll due respect, at the same time that I willingly plead griilty to the charge of regarding his doctrines with inexpressible ab horrence. I fully admit, hewer the good intentions of the Author of the Essay On Population, and cheerfully seize this occasion to testify my belief in his honorable cha racter, and his unblemished Manners. London, Oct. 21, MO. • It is stated in the front of the Essay on Population, that it is to toy writings that the work is indebted fur its origin.