The Sun. — London, England, 1842-04-28 00:00:00

Just readh, 0 D E It 11 CFI L I F E. Ethted by MRS'. GORE, Author of " The Dowager," " Mrs. Armytage," Richard Bentley, New Bu6ington.street. OLD SAINT l'AUL's" IN SHILLING NUslbEtts. With the Magazines, price One Shilling, Part the First of OLD SAINT PAUL'S. A TALE of the PLAGUE and the FIRE. By W. HARRISON AINSWORTH, Esq. With tv.o Illustrations on Steel, by JOHN FRANKLIN. This work will be completed in Twelve Shilling Parts, and will be cmb-liished with Twenty magnificent Illustrations on Steel, by JOHN FRANKLIN. London : Hugh Cunningham, Martin's-place, Trafalgar square, and all Booksellers and Newsmen. THE ROYAL MARRIAGE PICTURE. MESSRS. HENRY GRAVES and CO., her Majesty's Printsellers and Publishers in Ordinary, have authority to announce that by her Majesty's Especial Permis sion, they will have the honour of exhibiting in their Gallery, 6, Pall Mall, To-Mon.now, FRIDAY, 29th, and SATURDAY, 30th instant, THE GRAND HISTORICAL PICTURE OF EMAJESTY'S MARRIAGE. Painted by her Majesty's Command for Buckingham Palace, By GEORGE IJAYTER, Esq , M.R.S.L., Her Majesty's Historical and Portrait Painter. lIEINE BROTHERS beg to state that The AUSTRIAN MONEY DISTRIBUTIONS, for which they are selling Selected and Genuine Bonds, take place egularli i.n the following days- I st of March , I st of May, and at' of September. On the let of June a selection of Bonds is taking place relative to Distribution of the ht of September. The Bonds belonging to the Distribution of Ist of May have al ready been selected on the tat of February. Direct for Genuine Bonds from those selected to take part in the Distribution of the Ist of May, without delay to HEINE BROTHERS at HAMBURGH. Every Genuine Bond, taking part in th e Distribution of Ist of May, is sure to obtain at least 64/. sterling ; largest Divi dend 22,500/. aterhug.--Hamburgh, April 1842. THEATRE ROYAL, COVENT-GARDEN. UNDER the MA NAG EIIESIT of THIS EVENING, APRIL 28, Will be presented Bellini's Opera of LA SONNAMBULA.—The Character of Amine, by miss Adelaide Kemble; Count Rodolphu, Mr. Leffler; Elvino, Mr W. H.rrison ; Alessi°, Mr. G. Horneas_ t le; Notary, Mr. A. Wigan ; Lisa, Miss Grant ; Theresa, Mrs. R. Hughes. Aber which will be repeated the Grand Romantic Fairy Extrava. g.anza, entitled THE WHITE CAT.—Wunsuponatyme (King of Nevermindittnamia), Mr. J. Eland ; Princes Paragon, Precious, and Placid (his three Sons', by Madame Vestris. Miss Murray and Miss Lee; Jingo, .Mr. Harley; t. e White Cat, Miss Marshall. Doors open at half-pait Six, anti the Performances begin at Seven. Dress Boxes is.. Second Price Ss. 6d ; First and Second Circles 55.. Second Price is. fal.; Pit 35., Second Price es. ; Gallery Is. Tickets and Places for the Boxes to be tuken of Mr. Grogan, at the Eox.of. lice, from Ten till Four, where Season Tickets may be had upon ap. plication. Private Boxes to be had solely of Mr. Andrews, Book seller, 167, New Bond.street. Dudley, the nailers have ri*)n in great numbers to remonstrate with the masters against the recent re duction in their wages- of twenty per cent. Now, when the workmen are generally exposed to great distress and privation, and when they are beginning to resist, by violence, further reduction of wages, the tirades in which Mr. FERRAND has indulged in the House of Commons, which the Tories cheered to the skies, when they served the purpose of diverting atten tion from the iniquitous corn -laws, will tell with great force on the minds of the people. They have Mr. FLRRAND'S authority, they have the authority of the applauding House of Commons, for believing that their masters and employers are all intent on cheating and defrauding them ; and they will no doubt act — they have already acted—on that lesson. Mr. FEE.. RAND'S teaching will now turn to profit, and he and the Tories will no doubt have the satisfaction of seeing that enmity between master and' workmen, which they have evoked, rife in the land. We remonstrated the very night we heard Mr. FERRAND'S first speech, against the encouragement given to him by the grave Tories of the House of Commons, including Sir R. PEEL. Now, when the hunger caused by the Starvation-laws, when low wages and slackened employment, the results of restrictions on trade, and when the inflammatory harangues of privileged speakers, are producing their appropriate effects, and nailers and colliers, and other classes, are collecting in multitudes to settle the rate of wages by force, the military are put into requisition to keep the peace ; we read of squadrons of dragoons riding about the country with drawn swords and loaded carbines. Sir ROBERT PEEL and the landowners persist in maintaining laws which keep away food, and take away trade from the people, and, persisting in that policy, they are compelled to carry it out by establishing in the crowded districts of the empire a complete military rule. Half, or even two-thirds, of the soldiery kept in garrison at home are plainly required by the mischievous consequences of the Corn-laws, which Sir R. PEEL would rather main tain by military violence than preserve peace and order by allowing the people to be prosperous and ROYAL SURREY THEATRE. Wonderful attraction, and matchless Stud of Horses. THIS EVENING, APRIL 23, • happy. Whenever sugar is mentioned, our Tory rulers profess a holy horror at interfering with it, lest they might impede the prosperity and happiness of the blacks. At present they seem inclined to lay their own disturbing hands on Canada ; but when the Whigs proposed to touch the timber duties they could not think of risking the prosperity of that colony. But, with marvellous inconsistency, or with im measurable hypocrisy,. these very men have not the smallest regard to the suffering mil lions at home, and witness with the greatest indifference masses of poverty, distress, and suffering, caused by their enactments, such as never before ex isted. For the blacks and for the Canadians they have the tenderest sympathies ; for the starving mul titudes at home they have hussars and brandished sabres. They are accustomed, like the fishwoman skinning eels, to their trade of keeping order at home by the sword; but they feel appropriate indig nation at other persons using the whip. What with Corn-law makers keeping food from the people, and at the same time keeping them quiet by the use of soldiery, England—once, it is said, free and happy England—has fallen below other nations. According to the accountsirom Ireland, that coun try is neither tranquil nor safe. Edinburgh was alarmed, a few days ago, by a large assemblage of the working people ; while we know that at Greenock, Paisley, and Glasgow, the utmost distress prevails. Such is the condition of the empire after twenty-seven years' peace, and a much longer uninterrupted continuance of all kinds of natural advantages. Obviously the cause of our national distress is not physicial, but moral. It springs from our institutions, and is a terrible re proach to our statesmen. It is the result of the joint and combined labours of both Whigs and Tories ; and neither of them have any better remedy to offer us than an Bs. duty on corn, or an Income-tax. What will follow this we cannot tell; but neither Whigs nor Tories, who are the causes of this great social disease, will ever cure it. Will be presented Lord Byron's M A ZEPPA ; 011, THE WILD HORSES, with increased splendour, extensive auxiliary aid, avid unspitroachable effects. _ _ After which, in a more extensive and splendid Arena than ever before witnessed, THE SCENES IN THE CIRCLE, introducing Mr. BATTY'S unrivalled Collection of Animals, consisting of nu. nicrous and matchless Cream-coloured Horses, Andalusian Chargcri, Spotted Couriers, Fairy Palfreys, and Pigmy Poneys, and the most talented Vaulters, Riders, Gymnastisli, and Contortionists in the kingdom. To conclude with the Historical Pantomime (with Ncw Seenery) of PER OUSE ; or, the MONKEY of the DESOLATE ISLAND.— Chimpanzee, the Monkey, by Mons. Gouffe. All Advertisements of a Disgusting Character, or Immoral Tendency, are excluded from the Columns of " The Sun." • LONDON THURSDAY MORNING. APRIL 28, 1842. The debate on Mr. ELPSHNSTONE'S motion to sub ject real estates to the legacy and probate duties, is a good illustration of the pertihacity with which selfish ness in lawmakers, as in individuals, pursues its own gratification. The poor. argument against - .Mr. ELPHINSTONE'S motion, found equally satisfactory by Lord JOHN RUSSELL and Mr. GOULBURN, was, that the probate duties on personal property did not apply to settled property, and were those duties, therefore, as proposed, extended to landed property, a great Portion of which is settled, the revenue would be very little benefited. Those who have not a strong interest in the question, at once say, that this is- not an argu ment for exempting the land, but for subjecting all settled, as well as unsettled property, equally to the duty. We are quite sure that no reasoning in Parliament, and no sophistry out of Parliament, will ever make the public believe that it is not a monstrous injustice that the vast estates of the Dukes of NOR TRUMDERLAND, DEVONSHIRE, and BEDFORD, should pass from heir to heir—from age to age—without ever paying a farthing to the State, while every thousand pounds which a tradesman scrapes together by a life of labour, and leaves to his family, - must pay :kW. to the State. The lawmakers, however, do not see, and will not see, the glaring injustice of this, 4- cause, in the great majority of cases, they are the holders of settled property, and benefit by this parti cular injustice. We cannot altogether blame them for this. Man is a selfish animal ; and when lawmakers act on the good old rule, though it be a breach of confidence, of getting and keeping all they can, they only follow their natural instincts, like a cat watching for mice and seizing them. That they should so act is neither unnatural nor surprising. What is unnatural, and what is very surprising, is that we should continue to believe, after such an immense range of contradictory . ; experience, that man is not a selfish animal, and con tinue to place as implicit faith in the professions of lawmakers, as if they had never beguiled, deceived, and betrayed our hopes. Year after year, and age after age, have demon strated that all statesmen think much more of themselves, or of their class, than of the com munity. It must be. so. The faculties of each individual are adapted to provide for the welfare of the individual, not for regulating the whole globe, or providing for the welfare of the spe cies, and, by his very constitution, he must chiefly consult his own welfare. What is wrong, what is contemptible, what is • even silly, is the belief that things are otherwise ordered, which places those who entertain it, bound, as it were, hand and foot, at the mercy of the selfish lawmakers. Rather than be angry with them for so much using legislation- to promote their own interest, we ought, perhaps, to be grateful that they are no worse. We must recognise too, in their qualified ambition, kept in cheel by their fears of rousing the confiding people, a strong proof of the advantage of mutual and reciprocal dependence, such as equal freedom maintains. It teaches us, too, that the way to keep selfishness in check, is not to indulge, it ; and con sequently, to make legislators honest and just, we must not submit to their dishonesty and injustice. In spite of Mr. GOULBURN and Lord JOHN RUSSELL, the tradesman who has a legacy duty of 301. abstracted front every 1,0001. he leaves behind, while the Duke of BEDFORD'S estate will not pay a farthing, will persist lin thinking that the Legislature is dishonest and yinjust.; and, so thinking, he must, in the • end-he ,Annot help himself—throw off its authority, for he dare !tot obey dishonesty and injustice. The assimilation of the criminal law in England and Ireland is one of those praiseworthy objects to which we are glad to find the attention of the Irish law officers of the Crown particularly directed. Among the Bills re cently prepared for this purpos'e one is now before us, brought in by the Solicitor-General fur Ireland, and Lord ELIOT, repealing Acts awarding the punishment of death for eighteen offences committed in Ireland, for which various terms of transportation are awarded. By the 12th of Geo. 1., chap. 3, it was a capital felony for `►oman Catholic priests to celebrate marriages between Protestants and Catholics. This Act is now repealed, and transportation for seven years substituted for its penal provision. It is still monstrously severe. No penalty whatever should attach to the celebration of marriage by a State-recognised clergyman of any religious communion. Why should not a Catholic priest be allowed to marry a Protestant and a Catholic, as well as a priest of the Established Church ? What has the State to do with the ceremonial of marriage, when there is nothing criminal in the circumstances of the parties professing different creeds ? They violate no law of GOD, or of the Church by marrying ; why then compel them, more than others, to wed according to the forms of a particular ritual ? The execution of a clergyman under the Act of Geo. I. would have been in the eyes of GOD and man a judicial murder ; the banish ment of one under the proposed law will be an atrocious violation of justice and religious liberty. Where there is no crime there ought to be no punishment. Burning and destroying ships was under the 11th of Geo. 11., c. 5, a capital felony in Ireland. Henceforth °Tenders in this respect are to be transported for fifteen years, or imprisoned for periods not exceeding three. This amendment of the law is just and humane, and has our cordial approbation. By the 29th of George 11., chap. 5, serving in the army or navy of France was in Ireland a capital felony. This law is now simply repealed, and thus an indirect compliment is paid to France. 'We trust so barbarous a statute—peculiarly barbarous when a penal code pre vented Irishmen from fightiag in the armies of their own Sovereign, simply because they were Boman Catholics— will never again be re-enacted. Indeed it never can in all its barbarity, while Irishmen, without regard to creed, are eligible to shed their .blood in defence of their Sovb• reign and their country. The other offences for which transportation and various terms of imprisonment are substituted are—for rape— embezzlement of the property of the Bank of Ireland— obstruction of the corn trade—riotously assembling to pull down churches (what a satire upon the Irish Church Establishment !)—preventing persons giving evidence— exciting riots—receiving escaped prisoners—escaping a second time from prison—returning from transpor:ution —killing or houghing cattle—abduction—and, as a climax to to the whole, resisting the revenue collectors ! For all these offences the laws in force in Ireland adjudge the - punishment of death, without benefit of clergy, and the object of the Bill before us is to wipe them from the Statute-book, as disgraceful to a civilized country in a civilized age. Legislation, when needlessly and barbar omly severe, is tantamount to no legislation at all. The appel made by the Southampton Election Committee to thit Rouse of Commons against Mr. FLEMING, and the ordt.7 issued by the House for Mr. FLEMING to attend the Z...'.ommittee and answer its questions, have made quite a sensation. All the journals write about it, and all the Members talk about it. Their own law now hits one of themselves, and it has instantly become a subject of deep consi deration. Committees might have gone on com mitting Luclsgs to prison, and forcing WuE3(Ns to answer, ad infinitum, without exciting any observa tion ; but the instant an Hon. Member is assailed, the powers of those tribunals become objects of intense interest and discussion. We sea nothing in Mr. -FLEmING's Case more than irt that of any other re fractory witness ; but we presume that the Hon. Member is not likely in the end to be dealt with quite as severely as a Person who is not a Member of the Honourable House. One lesson is thus forcibly impressed on the public, namely, the propriety of al make th e l aws who are to obey lowing only those to them, and be subject to their operation. This obvi as to taxation, and pe na l s t a t u t es , ously holds good as well to Committees of the House of Commons ; and the land would not be afflicted with its present load of taxation, nor with an immense mass of absurd and contradictory laws, had those who made them been really liable to pay the taxes without the means of re lieVingthernselves, and had they been practically su b • ject to the operation of the laws. But they have always knc,in how to escape the. curses they have heaped on the people. When the punishment is revoltingly disproportiuned to the offence, offenders escape altogether, as no humane man can reconcile it to his conscience to prosecute them. Who, for example, would be guilty of the barbarity of bringing to the gallows a father for harbouring a child who had a second time escaped from prison ? 'rho Law Officer of the Crown who could enforce so unnatural a law, would be himself unfit to live. We therefore en tirely of the principle of this Bill. It is as humane as it is politic; for at last we have made the discovery that a Draconian Code is as impolitic as it is revolting. Since the above was written, a Correspondent at Ips.- wich has called our attention to the following extract from a pamphlet, published by the Committee for the Abolition of Capital Punishments, in reference to a former article in The San, to which we here readily give In Wales the colliers have, it seems, boldly carried away a Mr. STALEY, and have threatened to take away his life if he do not expatriate himself. At THE SUN. LONDON, T!-IMISDAY EVENING-, A PRI L. 28. 1842. investors and his sword, another title, derived from his last and proudest acquisition. His style should run thus:—Frederick, King of Prussia, Margrave of Branden burg, Sovereign Duke of Silesia. Possessor of Voltaire. But even amidst the delights of the honeymoon, Vol taire's sensitive vanity began to take alarm. A few days after his arrival he could not help telling his niece that the amiable king had a trick of giving a sly scratch with one hand, while patting and stroking with the other. Soon came hints not the less alarming because mysterious. "The supper parties are delicious. The King is the life of the company. But—l have operas and comedies, reviews and concerts, my studies and books. But—but—Berlin is fine, the Princesses charm ing, the maids of honour handsome. But —' This.eccentric friendship was fast cooling. Never had there met two persons so exquisitely fitted to plague each other. Each of them had exactly the Fault of which the other was most impatient ; and they were, in different ways, the most impatient of mankind'. Fredrick was frugal, almost niggardly. When he had secured his plaything, he began to think that he had bought it too dear. Voltaire, on the other hand, was greedy, even to the extent of impudence and kna very ; and conceived that the favourite of a Monarch who had barrels full of gold and silver laid up in cellars, ought to make a fortune which a Receiver-General might envy. They soon discovered each other's feel ings. Both were angry, and a war began, in which Frederick stooped to the part of Ilarpagon, and Voltaire to that of Scapin. It is humiliating to relate, that the great warrior and statesman gave orders thathis guess's allowance of sugar and chocolate should be curtailed. It is, if possible, a still more humiliating fact, that Vol taire idemnified himself by pocketing the wax-candles in the Royal ante-chamber. " Moore's Poetical Works" is a notice of the latest edition, revised by himself, of the poems of this accom plished versifier. It is introduced by some remarks on the difference between fancy and imagination, in which the Reviewer succeeds most happily in bewil dering his readers. His cursory o b serva tions on Moore's ,satirical powers are much more concise and intelligible ; and we cordially agree with him in his opinion of the wit of the author of the " Twopenny Post-bag," which is, perhaps, the most remarkable faculty of his mind. " France, America, and Bri tain," sketches with much truth and force the leading features in the characters of those three great nations. "America," says the Reviewer, "is certainly irri table. She is apt to take offence where no insult was intended, and to consider herself injured when the treatment which she applies to third parties is adopted towards herself. She ought to feel how impossible it is that any other Power will wantonly offend her. But though America is irritable, she does not bear malice—a defeat does not rankle in her mind as the subject of revenge at the distance of h a lf a century." " The Glacier Theory" is ably and in geniously argued, but the theme is one which will be chiefly interesting to the scientific Few. The un learned will 1:)e apt to find it wearisome. In the " Budget of 1842," the Reviewer, speaking cursorily of Sir Robert Peel, says that he " is not distin guished for political knowledge," and that he " has often yielded to circumstances, but always to o l a t e ." In reference to his favourite nostrum of the Income tax, we are assured that " when once it has come into operation—when the painful exposure and the humiliating discussion have been undergone—when men have felt what it is to tremble at the knock of the tax-gatherer, and to deprecate the suspicions of a Commissioner—when the pain of loss has been em bittered by that of degredation ;—a detestation of the tax will arise which all the discipline of the Tory party will be unable to contest." This is a bold, straightforward prediction, which we are convinced will, ere long, be realised to the letter. ATHELWOLD—A TRAGEDY. Blackwood, London, 1842. There is much graceful poetry in this play, which indeed is its chief recommendation, for as a drama, it is deficient in action. The period referred to is the reign of King Edgar of England, who, as romancers and historians tell us, formed a desperate attachment for the beautiful Elfrida, daughter of Olgar, Earl of Devonshire —an artful, ambitious woman, who, taking advantage of the Monarch's infatuation, prevailed on him to raise her to the Royal dignity. Mason, it may be remembered, has already dramatised this inte resting historical episode ; but his was a cold, elabo rate, though showy production, without an atom of feeling to Vivify it. In this respect the present drama is far superior; it has many passages characterised by genuine earnestness and sensibility ; but, as we said before, it is languid in point of action, and the principal personages labour under :a decided inconti nence of speech. Archbishop Dunstan, in particular, is singularly fond of the music of his own voice ; but in justice to the author we must add, that he has put many striking thoughts and poetical images into the mouth of the priest, so that we are in a great degree reconciled to his volubility. As a dramatic poem, " Athelwold" deserves high praise ; but as a tragedy, we fear it must be pronounced ineffective. We quote one or two of the passages that have most pleased us : " I taste love's sweetness but in love's despair; It has been sung in many a gentle verse, That scenes of natural beauty calm the heart, Suffusing their own peace ; they find it so Who bring that peace they wisely love so well To the mute vision. lin vain retreat To this fair solitude—the placid world Of wood and water, hill and verdant plain, Is all on fire with love ; the liquid lake Glows with a beauty warmer than its own ; In the soft air the breath of woman burns Upon my conscious cheek ; and nothing lives 0 er all the scene, as nothing lives within, But one consuming passion !" " Grieve not so much that sin Hath found a stealthy passage to thy heart, As now rejoice that penitence bath tracked Its subtle footsteps there. Sin and Repentance— These two give men religion and their God, Their faith, their hope. It is n o t i nnocence, It is not wisdom claims the skies for man, Or wings his soul to immortality. 'Tis Guilt that leads to the celestial gate, And weeping Mercy stands to open it." _ • CANADIAN tue, S Lo CE nd A o 'E n, R7 B4 7 2. Part 24. This Part contains four engravings, illustrative of some of the most picturesque landscapes on the Canadian frontier. One of these, representing the tower of St. John from the Signal, is exceedingly beautiful, and, as a work of art, is by no means amiss. The letter-press department of the work is under the superintendence of Mr. Willis, author of " Peneillings by the Way"—one of the most flippant and indefati gable scribblers of the day. • GRANT'S ORIENTAL BEADS. No. X. These form four excellent wood-cuts of the present leading Affghan Chiefs, and, from the accompanying letterpress, gathered from the 'latest travellers; we collect the following account of them . Dost Mahommed Khan first signalized himself in an expedition against the Khans, who had possessed them selves of the fort of Attock, on the plains of Chita : he here headed a body of 2,000 Affhans, commenced the attack, and captured the whole of the Sheik artillery. He himself dismounted two of their guns, and was pro cecding to improve his victory, when he found that he was without support, and that his brother's army hat' fled. It only remained for him to retreat, which he ef fected with honour.—Mnjur Hoityh's Narrative. The unfortunate Shah Soojah, appears to be an author, "his adventures," says Sir Alexamkr Burnes, "detailed by himself in a small volume ar,e replete with interest,' and might, with those of his heroic Queen, the Wulfadei Begum, form material for a romance." Burnes adds in r note, "I am in possession of this curious work, which Shah Sottjah himself did me the honour of presenting." The Diliii Gazelle of 1838, gives a very accurate picture of Dost Mahommed : he was then 40, though in appearance much younger ; in height he it at the utmost five feet eleven inches ; his countenance is sallow ; in person he is prone neither to obesity nor leanness ; in his youth he was accounted very handsome ; his eyes large and black, and capable of fine dilation. His mother was by birth a Persian ; he is connected, by marriage, with Shah Sottjah, both having married sisters. In the affair at the " Glio<trbund Pas,," Dost Ma hemmed, though the day went finally against him, was seen the busiest in the melee ; he wore a large white turban and light-coloured dress, and was always Wendt d by a sky-blue banner. At one part of the battle, the Affghan cavalry were fairly in our ranks, cutting and dashing in all dir ect i ons. D ust Mahommed led his men down the i hill—was seon to take oft' his loongee from his head, and stand calling to his brave followers, "In the name of God and the Prophet fight ; drive those Feringhee Katfirs out of the country, Or I am a gone man." —Operations of the Army of the Indus. Dost Mahomtned's appearance is very distingue : he wears a white muslin tunic, or Anghur, and over this a light blue Urldaduk, or coat of merino, trimmed with gold, with erhnson pajahmahs ' or loose trowsers, and Persian boots. " This," said the Ameer, "is my usual dress (that worn on the 2d of November had been Asked tor)—if you want my fighting—my iron clothes—they are at Loodiana."—Calcutta Paper, Oct. 1841. An impressive ceremony took place a few Bays ago in the Tribunal de Commerce at Bordeaux. The Pi esi setit having ordered the name of Buffet to be called out, a per son in the dress of a sailor, with a complexion evidently hard ened and embrowned by a seafaring life, came forward, and o ith modest firmness stood in front of the Court. The Pre. sident addressed him in very impressive terms on his brave and devoted conduct in saving the erew of the Commerce de Bordeaux. "In the night of March 11, this vessel," said the " was throw n en th e ro c ks at the mouth o f th e every soul would h a v e p e rished, but for th e cou rage undau n t e d perseverance o f B u ff et , Th e N at i onal river,S hii P re s ident,) warane anal Shipwreck k Society, informed of his noble conduct, had awarded him a medal of honour, which he (the President) had great pride in presenting to him. The owners of the ship to which lie belonged, in testimony of their admiration, had resolved to promote him to the rank of mate, and the Tribunal of Commerce had likewise determined to confer upon him a pecuniary reward, as a testimony of its admiratlm." The President having presented the reward, the brave sailor returned his thanks in grateful but modest terms, and retired, leading by the hand a child whom he had saved, amidst the praises and cheers of a crowded audience of all classes of soc ety. THE ROEHAMPTON MUEDER.—Yesterday the police in the various metropolitan districts were made acquainted with the fact that the Commissioners had suspended Inspector Sergeant Berry, and Constable Butcher, all of the R (Greenwich) division, for alleged neglect in the case o . Daniel Good. • 41 . %Wilt~s4k jo • k, ,, , toV lv . v iitti;, ` 4. • ,t... ' .7Pa" . 4 . -.., °^lg AtiA, nsertiun In the year 1821 there were 114 executions in England and Wales. In 1828, the number was reduced to 59; in 1836, to 17 ; and in 1838, it was only 6. That this change bas been effected without diminishing, even in the slightest degree, the security of the persons and properties of men, is a matter of the clearest evidence, the evidence of actual experience, which cannot be disputed or falsified. The Government returns prove, that there have been fewer highway robberies in the last seven years, with 5 executions, than in the preceding seven years, with 58 executions; that there have been fewer acts of burglary and housebreaking in the last seven years, with only 2 executions, than in the preceding seven years, when 57 persons suffered death for those crimes; that there has been less horse-stealing in the last seven years, without any execution, than in the preceding seven years, during which, for that offence alone, 22 convicts were sent to the scaffold. Whatever experi ence has been acquired by this unexampled reform in the ad ministration of public justice has at least been safely and in "eently gained. Some hundreds of offenders, had they com mitted their crimes a few years before, would have died by the band of the executioner. They have been allowed to live. Life, the only season of repentance•, with all its opportunities of regaining the favour of an offended Deity, has been mer. cifully continued to them; and from this lenity society has derived no injury, no loss. Who then can fail to rejoice at a result so consoling to humanity? For murder, nc less than other crimes, the penalty of death, as an ex ample, is momentary, and of no beneficial effect :—it dis gusts the good, and brutalizes the bad, who witness the spec tacle of man cruelly destroyed by man ;—as an act of extreme violence, it teaches violence to the people. ;—as an act of deli berate homicide, it diminishes the regard due to the sanctity of life; and renders murder less revolting to the uninstructed mind. For murder, as well as other crimes, it too often leads to im punity through the suppression of evidence by the associates or acquaintance of the criminal, who recoil at the thought of be coming accessory to the death of one, with whom they had formerly lived on terms of familiar intercourse. LITERATURE. EDINBURGH ICE VIEW.. No. CLI. Longman, London, 1842. There "are few illustrious characters of modern times whose reputation has better stood the wear and tear of years than that of Frederick the Second of Prussia—the hero of the famous Seven Years' War — who, single-handed, and with the odds at least twenty to one against him, resisted the combined powers of France, Austria, Russia, Saxony, Sweden, and the Germanic body ; and at the close of the war still kept possession of Silesia, to wrest which from his iron grasp had been the one leading object of the con federacy. The Prussians may well be proud of him —though it must be confessed that admiration of a ruthless warrior is a very vulgar and humiliating trait in the character of any nation—for he is the only great military genius they ever produced, the only one in modern history who can bear an instant's com parison with Napoleon. Both these conquerors indeed possessed many points in common. Both were equally regardless of the faith of treaties ; both were equally devoured by a love of false glory; , both looked to France as the source and centre of European civi lization ; and the genius of both showed to the greatest advantage under reverses which would have utterly crushed less energetic minds. Napoleon maintaining his last astonishing struggle in France, with but a handful of dispirited troops, against the whole overwhelming power of the Allies, hardly ex hibits more signal energy and fortitude of nature, than Frederick, when disputing every square inch of ground, with his capital in possession of the Austrians, and his kingdom overrun with swarms of northern barbarians. It is singular that both these illustrious men, at one specially disastrous period of their career, contemplated death, not in the field, but by poison ; and we may add, that they were never so calm and self-possessed, as when tottering to all appearance on the verge of irretrievable ruin. But here our par rallel must stop. Frederick's military genius was the growth of time and experience ; Napoleon's resembled intuition, and seemed to shoot u p, lik e t h e f a i ry palace of Aladdin, in, a night. His very first battles were brilliant victories, whereas those of the Prussian Monarch were crushing defeats, brought on by his own blunders. Napoleon took his position at once as the chief warrior of the age; Frederick won his way to fame by slow and painful degrees. In the former 's estimation no renown was worth winning save that acquired by the sword ; he affected indeed to admire artists and men of science ; but it was a cold and con strained admiration, in which the heart had little share. Frederick, on the contrary, entertained a sincere and hearty respect for scientific and pictorial genius. Literature, in particular, divided his attention nearly equally with war ; and in his bitterest season of adversity he could always derive consolation from the manufacture of indifferent poesy. During his campaigns the sword was only laid aside for the pen ; and he was frequently awake in his tent, or in a shed, scribbling wretched verse, hours after his officers and soldiers were fast asleep. About the year 1759 an edition of his poems was printed in England. As a matter of course it excited public attention in no ordinary degree—Frederick being then the great hero of the day—but it soon sank into oblivion, and was denounced in warmer terms than such a collection of indecent,' irreligious rubbish deserved, by Gray and Horace Walpole. We remember, a few years since, glancing at some odd volumes of his Majesty's works, in prose and verse, and were astonished to find how few passages there were worth recollecting. The imagery was all common-place • the philosophy was merely that of Voltaire and Bolingbroke at second hand ; and the wit and sarcasm, even when genuine, were of the coarsest and most offensive character. But it is idle to enlarge on the literary peculiarities of the Prussian King. He is long since defunct as an author, and survives only as a warrior in the blood stained pages of history. In the Number before us there is an admirable sketch of the character of this celebrated despot, whose military career is traced down to the close of the Seven Years' War. We can scarcely doubt to whose pen we are indebted for this rapid and brilliant sketch, which betrays its author in every page. There is one passage in it, however, which, as proceeding from a zealous Whig, is somewhat exceptiohable, to say the least of it. "Is it not perfectly clear," asks the Re viewer, " that if antiquated claims are to be set up against recent treaties and long possession, the world can never be at peace for a day ? We hold that the transfer of Norway from Denmark to Sweden, was an unjustifiable proceeding; but would the King of Denmark be therefore justified in landing, without any new provocation, in Norwv, and commencing military operations there ?" If this is to be held sound doctrine, then it follows that Poland has no right to attempt to regain her independence. Re cent treaties and long possession" prove incontest ably that Russia is justified in keeping her in a state of abject slavery. In like manner, Italy is bound to take no steps to overthrow Austrian domination, no matter how grinding and insulting it may be. This is a strange theory to be propounded in a Whig Journal—in that very Journal, too, which has inva riably advocated the cause of the Poles, and been loud in its denunciations of Austrian despotism in Italy ! But to return to the subject more immedi ately before us. The Reviewer gives a highly di verting account of the intimacy and subsequent quarrel between Frederick and Voltaire, who, it is well-known, from havini , been sworn friends became deadly enemies. The King, who admired every thing French, invited the great wit and philoso pher of Ferney to Potsdam ; but soon after his arrival, took offence at his inability to detect superlative ex cellence in the royal poetry, and testified his displea sure by giving orders that " his guest's allowance of sugar and chocolate should be curtailed." On this coming to Voltaire's ears, he " indemnified himself by pocketing the wax-candles in the royal anti chamber l"—a mode of retaliation not altogether be coming the dignity of a philosopher. Of course this extraordinary couple soon parted, never to meet again ; and, indeed, considering their characters— both being vain, irritable, and nervously apprehensive of ridicule—we are only surprised how they managed to keep the peace towards each other for two days consecutively. It is a ridiculous circumstance that, when Voltaire quitted Potsdam, he carried off with him a manuscript volume of his Majesty's poems, which enraged the royal author as much as if he had wrested Silesia from his grasp. He took for granted that the French wit meditated plagiarism on them; and Voltaire, on the other hand, felt quite indignant that he should be suspected of a design to steal such rubbish. Ultimately, the volume was recovered by the King, but not. Voltaire had been kept twelve d i clays n custody.for the supposed petty larceny! We subjoin the Reviewer's details of the 'French philoso pher's first visit to Berlin : • . "To Berlin he was invited by a series of letters, couched in terms of the - most enthusiastic friendship and admiration. For once the rigid parsimony of Frederick seemed to have relaxed. Orders, honourable offices, a liberal penson, a wall-served table, stately apa r t men t s under a royal roof, were offered in return for the plea sure and honour which were expected from the society of the first wit of the age. A thousand louis were re mitted for the charges of the journey. No ambassador setting out from Berlin for a Court of the first rank, had ever been more amply supplied. But Voltaire was not satisfied. At a later period, when he possessed an am• ple fortune, he was one of the most liberal of men ; but till his means had become equal to .his wishes, his • greediness for lucre was unrestrained either by justice or by shame. Be had the effrontery to ask for a thousand louis more, in order to enable him to bring his niece, Madame Denis, the ugliest of coquettes, in hts company. The indelicate rapacity of the poet pro duced its natural effect on the severe and frugal King. The answer was a dry refusal. ' I did not,'said his Ma jesty, 'solicit the honour of the lady's society.' On this, Voltaire went off into a paroxysm of childish rage. ' Was there ever such avarice ? lie has hundreds of tubs full of dollars in his vaults, and haggles with me about a poor thousand louis.' It seemed that the nego tiation would be broken off; but Frederick, with great dexterity, affected indifference, and seemed inclined to transfer his idolatry to Baculard and d'Arnaud. his Majesty even wrote some bad verses, of which the sense was, that Voltaire was a setting sun, and that Arnaud was rising. Good-natured friends soon carried the lines to Voltaire. He was in his bed. He jumped out in his shirt, danced about the room with rage, and seat fir his passport and his post horses. It was not difficult to foresee the end of a connection which had such a be ginning. • " "It was in the year.l7so that Voltaire left the great capital, which he was not to see again till, after the lapse of near thirty years, he returned, bowed down by ex treme old age, to die in the midst of a splendid and ghastly triumph. His reception in Prussia was such as might well have elated a less vain and excitable mind. _ _...... He wrote to his friends at Path that the kindness and the attention with which he had been welcomed sur- passed description—that the King Was the most amiable of men—that Potsdam was the paradise of philosophers. He was created chamberlain, and received, together with his gold key, the cross of an order, and a patent ensuring to him a p ens i on o f e i g h t hundred pounds ster ling a year, for life. A hundred and sixty pounds a year were promised to his neice if she survived him. The royal cooks and coachmen were put at his disposal. He was lodged in the same apartments in which Saxe had lived. when, at the height of power and glory, he visited Prussia. Frederick, indeed, stooped for a time even to use the language of adulation. He pressed to hi s lip s the meagre hand of the little grinning skeleton, whom he regarded as the dispenser of immortal renown. He would add, he said, to the titles which he owed to his WITH NINETEEN ILLUSTRATIONS by GEORGE CRUIKSHANK, LEECH, and CROWQUILL. The MAY NUMBER, Price HALF-A-CROWN, of - IQENTLEY'S MISCELLANY, Will contain HORACE WALPOLE and STRAWBERRY HILL, With a fine Portrait, from the Original by Muntz. Mr. Makeprace, the Duellist, by Douglas Jerrold. Pipes t by a Lover of the Weed, with Illustrations by Alfred Crowquill. The Greek Poet's Dream, by Edward Kenealy. William Blanchard, a Sketch, by Drinkwater Meadows. The Friends we Esteem, - by William Jones. Experience made Easy, by " The Pilgrim in London. To the Lady —, by Edward Kenealy. The Black Ram, by Paul Pindar, with Illustrations. Rich2rd Savage, a Romance of Real Life, by Charles White head, with an Illustration by Leech. The Blind Man and Summer. The Tvvo Interviews, by Mrs. Romer, with an Illustration by George Cruikshank. The Cruel Murder of Old Father Prout, by a Barber's Ap prentice ; a Legend of Modern Latherature, by Mr. Duller, of Pewternose. Paddy the Pantiler, by Davus. THE LIFE AND SONGS OF ANACREON. By BARNEY BRALLAGAN. Rural Scenes—Spring Flowers, by Martingale. The Philosophy of Law, edited, with Illustrations, by Alfred Crowquill. A Visit to Greenwich Fair, by the Author of " 7he Philoso phy of Evening Parties." With an Illustration by Leech. &c. &c. &c. Richard Bentley, New Burlington -street. TO CORRFSPONDENTS. Owing to the demands now made on our columns, it is not in our power to publish the letter addressed to Lord Brougham on Dr. Birkbeck's Memorial. i HL WEATHER.—NooN, APRIL 28. ROiA.I. GALLERY OF SCIENCE, ADELAIDE-STREET. Thermometer .... 66 1 Highest 66 Lowest 40 Barometer 30.15.—Wind K HIGH W ATER AT LONDON BRIDGE Tills DAY. Morning 5l minutes, after 3 I Evening l3 minutes after 4. _ ) - prrik i q [4%, , A47.00%; atn. cr. .s,„ '£tDlCb bftfDlt SUN OFFICE Three o'Clock At the dinner given yesterday by the Directors of the East India Company to the Marquis of TWEEDDALE and Sir GEORGE ARTHUR, Sir ROBERT PEEL, in adverting to the disasters in Affghanistan, said, " there is no oc casion for any other feelings than those which are most becoming to an Englishman, the firm determination to repair every disaster we may have met with, and to overcome every difficulty with which we may be en compassed in-the administration of affairs in India." All who take an interest in the stability of our Eastern Em pire, and in the character of British subjects will cordially respond to these sentiments. It is need less to animadvert on the causes of our reverses till the full details are laid before the public ; but in the meantime it is the duty of the Government to show to the world that we are both able and determined to vindicate the honour of the country, and maintain for our own advantage, as well as that of the natives, our su premacy in the East. The loss of India would be fol lowed by calamities, of which no one can see the extent, both as regards trade and the interests of humanity; and it is therefore the bounden duty of every Ministry to take care that no chance shall be given to any one Power or another of wresting it from us. By meeting the present difficulties with decision and energy, the late disgrace will speedily be wiped away, and the authority and power of the country stand even higher than bei;)re. Two of the appointments at least, those of the Marquis of TWEEDDALE to the office of Governor of Madras, and Commander in-Chief of the Indian army, are commendable, and we confidently trust will b e a tt en d e d w i t h the best results. His Lordship is distinguished for firm ness and decision of character, as well as habits of business ; and all those acquainted with his career in the Peninsula rest assured that he will not be frightened by difficulties, nor fail to maintain the honour of the British army in battle. Pew officers in the campaigns under WELLINGTON displayed more bravery or judg ment in carrying the orders of his superior into effect. Let us confidently hope that he will be equally successful when raised to this high rank, and that he will, by his example, as well as by his judicious arrangements, inspire the army under his command with that courage and perseverance which shall make it both respected and feared in the East. The brains of our Parliamentary Saints are fertile in absurdities. Did they not struggle so hard to be mis chievous, they would be exceedingly amusing. What, for instance, can be mor6 absurd than the idea of enacting that no railway should be used on Sundays, except in cases of charity or necessity ? Yet this is a specimen of PLUMPTRE legislation which is to be this night subMitted to the House of Commons upon going into Committee on the Railway Rill. Has Mr. PLUMPTRE ever attempted to specify even to himself what are works of charity and necessity ? It was a maxim Of WILLIAM COBBETT'S that no man laboured but upon compulsion ; so that with him every work was a work of necessity. Works of charity and necessity include all works that contribute to the comfort, pleasure, and sustenance of the human race. To afford facilities for the meeting of friends and relations is a work of charity. The conveying the pale, over-toiled, artisans of this great metropolis, to where they may breathe fora few hours the fresh air of heaven, and catch a glimpse of green fields, is a work of charity —a work more meritorious in the sight of Gov than the , distribution of as many religious tracts as Mr. PLlrsti-ritE could carry on his back from this to the crack of doom: We never knew a Parliamentary Saint who could comprehend the meaning of the word charity. Mr. PLUMPTRE evidently does not, or be would not seek to titist such a clause as the one under considera tion into a Railway Bill. Woe can tell the Honourable and sanctimonious gentleman that even work done on a railway is a work of charity or necessity. Not an engine would be put in motion if the engineers could help it. They work because they must; therefore, wit, - `tem, every rotation of the wheel is a work of necessit, The locking the doors of carriages carrying passenger:, .s frequently a very great annoyance, and therefore we approve of Mr. 0 1 .1.1nEN's proposed clause for preventing it on the side next, the stations at which such carriages are to make any considerable delay. We have ourselves experichced very great inconvenience from the locking of carriages at places where the trains delayed for ten or twenty minutes, most of the time being consumed be fore the doors could be opened. We adverted on Monday last to Mr. HARDY'S clause ti)r making it imperative on the Directors to place two or more luggage-trucks between the tender and the passengers' train, Now, although the House has once rejected that clause, we consider it the duty of some member of the Committee to move it a second, and, if necessary, a third, and a fourth, and a fifth time, rather than it shuuld not be embodied in the Bill. The convenience of the Directors is not to be studied at the expense of the lives and limbs of railway. travellers. We proved on that occasion, by the evi dence of Captain _UNITES, who had been for some time Manager of the Manchester and Leeds Railway, that the placing luggage-trucks between the tender and the passengers' train was essential to the security of pas sengers ; and such security it is the bounden duty of the Legislature to atford.them. The Madrid papers of the 19th contain no news of importance. Madrid Bourse of the 19th:-27 7-16 fin• cash ; 27i at 60 days. The death of M. HUMANN is the principal topic of discussion in the French Journals. By most of them the deceased Minister is lauded as one of the greatest financiers of modern times. We entertain a very dif ferent opinion. M. HUMA NS was a man of considerable talent, great obstinacy, which his friends called firmness, and respectable in all the private relations of life. He had not a spark of genius or originality, and perhaps no man so useful ever was less popular. Whatever lan guage Ministers may hold in public, we are convinced that at heart they are glad to have got rid of him. Cer tainly his name would have done them no service at the ensuing election, as it was well known that he it was who first proposed the taking of the census, which led to such deplorable excesses in the South of France. His successor, M. LAcAvE-LA PLAGNE, has been before in office as Minister of Finance, and is a man of very moderate abilities. His colleagues, however, will find him as flexible as M. HUNANN was ob stinate. is a remarkable circumstance, that when death ar- rested the pen of lE7HANN, he was writing directions tc the Post-office to put additional restrictions upon the ex pressing of the overland mails. lie dreamt not then that death was preparing in his person the subject of an express for the London journals. The Finance portfolio was at first offered to N. PLAssv. He, however, declined it, being under an en gagement not to take office without the concurrence of M. DUFAURE and his friends. It does not appear that the name of M. DUCHATEL, by far the ablest financier in the Chambers, was one mentioned in the Cabinet Coun cil. The body who will most mourn the accession of the new Minister of Finance, are the beet-root-sugar growers, as he is for throwing the trade in sugar open to the colonists. There is no political news of any interest in the French Journals. The funeral of Marshal MONCEY was celebrated with great pomp. Marshal SOULT and M. Dupng delivered the usual orations over the grave. Nothing can be conceived more ridiculous than this theatrical display over the rotting remains of a fellow worm. The Moniteur Parisien assures us that there is no founda tion whatever for the statement given in a h-tter from Turin, respecting the Marquis of Dalmatia, published by the Courrier de Lyons, of the 10th, of which that Journal itself expressed its doubts. It is said that aneurism was the cause of M. flumann's depth ; his father and his brother, the Bishop of Mayence, died, as s e are informed, of the same disorder. The day before yesterday one of the chief clerks of the Finance Department, transacting business with M. Humann, observed that he had a slight swelling on the cheek, and asked him what it was. " That is nothing," replied M. Humann, " but I feel that I am going. The life which I lead fatigues and exhausts me. I have not long to live. No, I repeat I have not long to live."—Journal des Debats. The Styx steamer, from Africa, anchored at Toulon on the 24th, with letters from Algiers of the 15th, and from Oran of the 20th of April. The letters from Algiers announce the re turn of General Bugeaud to the capital of Algeria. He returned on the 14'h from Cherchell, having left the command to General Chargarnier, who had quitted Cherchell with six days' provisions, and taken the road to Tenez. It was said that General Bugeaud was going to set out for Oran, because affairs were not going on in that province so well as might be wished. A steamer had gone to Oran with a battalion of the 3d regiment of light infantry. The Arabs have effected another coup de main in the environs of Algiers. The escort of the mail from Bouffarick to Blidah, consisting of twenty-two men, was sud denly attacked by between 200 and 300 Arabs, who, in very good French, summoned the quartermaster, who com manded, to surrender. He replied, by killing the man who summoned him; but the enemy fell on the twenty-two men, and when succour came from the garrison of Bouffarick, only five of the twenty-two men remained alive. The Arabs im mediately fled, and it was impossible to overtake them.— Commerce. 13OURSE—PARis, TUESDAY, APRIL 26. First Highest Lowest Last Price Price. Pric. Price. French 5 per Cents ll9 49 119 50 ... 1.9 40 ... 119 50 4!4 per Cents lO7 50 ... 107 50 ... 107 50 ... 107 50 4per Cents. .. 101 90 102 101 90 102 . ... ___ __ ... ...._ ... ._. ..„ ... 3 per Cents Bl :...5 - 81 40 ... 81 35 ~. Si 40 stank 01 ruiner Latlitte Bank 1,0001. SLares 1032 SC ...10:3:2 50 ...1032 50 ...les2 50 5,0001. Stares 5050 .. 5050 ...5050 ...5050 3elainn Bank. Belgian 5 per Cents. S per Ccnts., 1840 1047 ... 104 i% ... 104;zi .. 1044 ipanisli Active 055 ... 2:1% ... 254 ... 25% Passive 4 ... 5 ~. 4 ... 5 Neapolitan lO7 50 ... 117 50 ... 107 50 ... 07 50 17. , , , an.. Dutch 2% per Cents. tiAILVV AI SHARES. ... .. . tit. Germain Versailles.B, b (New) L.8.21'5 ... 210 ... 205 ... 210 Rouen 5 5 41 ... 550 ... 546 25 ... 550 „rle•tm. Strasburg to Bale 233 25 ...:'36 25 . 236 25 ...:36 25 LIELL3IAI4 A. UNDS—fikusaimst, APRIL 26 Actual Debt, 2Si per Cent. itothsebild%; Lean, 5 per C:nt .102% Loan of Thirty Millions, 4 per Cent, - 113 .(1:40) -- .••2% 104 Loan of City, K 32,4 per Cent O5 Society at Commerce, 4 y,i per Cent • 82 Bank of Belgium, 5 per Cent ••. NO 77% National Society — Exchange on London (short) ..—Brussels Papers, April 26. 'fhirty.seven. MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS. CITY, QUARTER TO THREE. The rise in the Funds is still going on, and sanguine ex ; pectations are entertained by many parties well conversant , with monetary affairs, that the price of Consols will be marked much higher than at present. As it may new be considered certain that the Income-tax and tariff will become laws, • much regret is felt that any delay should take place in bringing the latter measure into operation, as the high prices which the funds bear, are sure indications that • the cempLints made of the depressed state of trade are neither , unfounded or exaggerated; and no improvement is to be ex pected, while so much uncertainty exists with regard to the , effect which it will have on commercial enterprize. The de • mand for staple articles o f consum pti on, t h e d ut i es on which are not to be altered, or the alteration deter mined upon, has improved, such as sugar, coffee, &c., but among the twelve hundred others, trade is completely at a , stand, and meanwhile, all classes are seriously affected thereby. The accounts horn Manchester are again gloomy, the trifling demand which had sprung up having again ceased; and the intelligence from the other manufacturing districts is no better. , Consols are 214 to 92 for Money, and 924 to 93 for the Ac count ; Three per Cents. Reduced, 914 to 92 ; New Three , ' and-a-Half per Cents. 101 1 1 1 to 101% ; Reduced Three-and : a-Half per Cents., 1004 to 1001 ; Bank Stock, 1674 ; India Stock, 2464 ; the Bonds, 20 to 22 ; Exchequer Bills, 38 to 41, premium. In Foreign Securities the Dutch Bonds continue the favour ites, and several purchases have been made at .53 to 5:34 for the Three, and 1014 fur the Five per Cents. Belgian, 104 to 1044 ; Danish, 804 to 814 ; and Brazilian, 67 to 68. Railway Shares are firm—Birmingham, 1804 ; Now, 30i ; Great Western, 934 ; Cheltenham and Great Western, 19 ; Edinburgh and Glasgow, 54 544 ; North Midland, 78 1 ; Croydon 14 14, ; and Brighton 364. The Loan Notes, prem. The bonds of the insolvent States are thus quoted :—Colom bian, 304 ; Portuguese Five per Cents., 374 ; the Three per Cents., 224; Spanish Active Five per Cents. 244 2-14 ; and the Three per Cents., 24. This is settling day in Shares, and to-morrow on these Bonds, but as no time bargains are made in the former, and no business has taken place in the latter, the arrangement of the account is.merely nominal. The Magnet packet has brought accounts from Rio Janeiro to the 24th January, six days later than those previ ously received. Business continued in the same dull state as far as regarded Europear goods, and in the absence of orders at the present prices of coffee there, few purchases had been made for shipment to this country. The interiority of the crop gene rally had caused the holders of the former descriptions mate rially to advance their rates, which had been firmly maintained until the beginning of the month, at which period, owing to the accumulated stock, prices declined 200 to 300 reis, but, at that reduction, they were still above the limits from Europe. The quantity on hand was estimated at 40,000 bags, for which 3,000 to 3,900 were asked, but it was expected that much less would be taken in the course of a short time. The shipments in the month of January had been 26,000 bags, of which 3,092 were for England to wait for orders, 9,988 for the United States, 7.210 for Stockholm, and 2,600 for Trieste. The alteration in the duty here will make a considerable change in this branch of trade, in consequence of the system of ship ping by the Cape of Good Hope being abolished. And it may be remarked, that certain individuals connected with the coffee trade, have not acted in the fairest manner to the community at large, in endeavouring, as they have lately been doing, to per petuate this without evading the duty. The stock of foreign coffee thus imported is at present upwards of 200,000 bags, the loss to the revenue upon which, if there proposition had been acceded to, would not have been less than 400,0001., besides allowing the higher rate of duty to be evaded in future. RICES OF IRISH STOCKS, DUBLIN, APRIL 26. 3 per Cent. Consols Three and Half Stock 994 Grand Canal Stock Ditto Reduced Ditto New 1830 991 Ditto 4 per cent 34 per Cent. Debt. LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET, APRIL 27.--The market was dull, aed prices generally hLd a tendency downward. Business was exclusively confined to the trade, to which about 3,000 bales were sold. LIVERPOOL SHARE MARKET, APRIL 27.—The market was very dull, with very little inquiry. The sales were— Eastern Counties. 91. 18s. 9d. ; Edinburgh and Glasgow, 53 i Grand Junc t i on H a l ves , 92; L on d on and Birmingham , 321. Shares, 31 ; Brighton, 36%; Manchester and Leeds Quarters, ii*; Atidland Counties Quarters, 19%; North Mid land Halves, 34; North Union, 71 ; and Paris and Rouen, 17. MA NcnEsTE a STocx EXCHANGE, APRIL 27.—We have hat a very quiet Market to-day; prices remain steady. The sale are Edinburgh and Glasgow, 53%; Manchester and Birming, ham, 28; Midland Counties, 630 ; Batik of Manchester, 4 Manchester and Liverpool District, B. R., 101. Bs. 9d. CLOSINIII PRICES. 811111811 FUNDS. Bank Stock 167% India Stock ..... ..... ... 246% 3 per Cent Red. 92 l)itto Bonds .20 pnr 3 per Cent Cons 94 Ditto Old Annuiti es ... 3/k per Cent Red 'New 3% per Cent .... New b per Cent. Long Annuities to expire Ditto Small 4l pm Jan. 1860 ..... ..... 120 ' Bank Stock for A cc t . Oct. 1859. .. ..... 12% :India Stock for Acct — Jan. 1860. ... .... 12% Consols for Acct 92% FOitEIGN FUNDS. Austrian, 5 p;:, vent—. PortOguese, 5 per cent. Belgian, 5 pet cent — Ditto, New Ditto 3 8 ,1 Brazilian 80nd5.......... Prussian, 5 per cent. Buenos Ayres 6 perces' Russian, 5 p er cent ll3 Chilian 6 per cent... 'Ditto, :Meta11ic....... - Colombian, ~ 6 per cent.. Spanish, 5 per cent. . ., 24! Ditto, 18`24......... ..... 26% Ditto, Deferred.... . Dani,h, 3 pe r cen t —j French, 5 per cent. —f. —c. Greek, 1825,5 per cent —l Exchange I •••e. Mexican, 5 per cent.... 34% French, 3 per cent. —'• --e- Ditto, 6 per een::. 1637 Dutch, '2% per cent. 53 Peruvian, 1825, fi per et. 19% Ditto, 5 per cent. .. /00i SHARES. Bristol .nd Exeter (70 paid) . Cheltenham and Great Western (72% paid) 18% Eastern Counties Railway (23 paid) ••• ..... 91 1 Ditto New Shares ( paid) Ditto Debentures .• ...• • •• lll 118 8d Edinburgh and Glasgow (50 paid) ••• 54 Great Western Railway (65paid) ........... 9 4 London and Brighton ( 50 paid) :Ai itto Loan Notes (7% paid) ...... 8 London and Blackwall (25 paid)............ 12h London and Birmingham (90) ..... . . .. 180 Ditto Quarter Shares ( 15 paid) .......... 37 Ditto New Shares ( 2 paid) ••• ........ .., 30 % London and South Western ............... 63 London and Croydon Railway (Trunk).,,, , 14 (100 paid) Manchester and Leeds (70 paid) ...... ... 88 Ditto Quarter Shares ( 2 paid)._ . 6% (40 paid) ..... 27% 66 Atulaiiileahneastceorua,nadie Birminghamßaiivta Northern and Eastern (45 paid) ... .. 42% South Eastern and Dover (50 paid) . 291 GREAI NORT II OF ENCZAN D RAILWAY. Traffic r eturns for the week ending April 2:.?, hi 42: Passenger ............... Merchandise 528 2 8 Darlington, April 27. £1,302 10 2 W. O'BRIEN, Secretary. IMPROMPTU. MADAME TUSCAUD AND THE SELF•LIGHTSTU SEALING WAX. Tussaud presents a brilliant sight, And worthy every person's pelt ; Had she not brought the wax to light— 'Twould come, at last, to light itself. r ARV OF ilitvwS AND Vubltr Opinion. " Who runs may read." FOIMIGN. The Moniteur of Tuesday contains the following Royal Or donnance, dated yesterday, signed by the King, and counter signed Marshal Soult, appointing a successor to the late M• Humann, as Minister of Finance:— 43,849,162 Dr. Antonio Espartero, brother of the Regent, and ehaplail l to the Queen, died at Madrid on the 17th. It is said to the intention of the Regent to have him buried with grea t splendour. 1.1733M1C In a leading article suggested by the late riots at Dud ley the Chronicle observes Against the real tyrants of the poor, and plunderers of industry, we have no wish to stimull° violence—may the remote chance of its occurrence move them to a timely penitence. It would be idle to suppose that fhl country can have peace or rest while the sense of wrong, e n , the gnawings of hung er ac t u p on l arge masses o f the pol)°,11. tom. The storm breaks upon one species o f p roper ty tol g t and to-morrow on another. P eop l e must h ave f oo d ; en o , of it; and purchas ea bl e by th e i r means; or t h e framewo rk °', society will go to wreck. It will not do for the pendulum party merely to vibrate between abuse of the suffering master and punishment of the excited workman. It has never Ye. been proved, nor can it be, that cheaper food and more en: ployment for the labouring population are only chimerical of; Utopian notions. The firm conviction of a l arge pOrtioll the intelligence of the country is, that they are, to a co st ' derable extent, within the r e a c h o f l eg i s l at i on an d go yer!, merit. Should that not be the case, there is but one just _ e l "; humane course left; that i s , b y a l arge sacr ifi ce of preriii to locate the surplus populati on w h ere i t may b e a bl e to salt. its own wants. We are no t d r i ven t o t h at necessity. 'O4 party denies that something can be done • although the prow triumphed over the late Admi nis t ra ti on for making the attain: Only the earnest and honest application of the Legislature the subject is necessary. But it w ill not be achieved by 11" Corn-laws, an Ineome-tax, o r suc h a tar iff as, a f ter a ll, are likely to obtain." The Herald makes the following remarks, in an article d ,. the subject of Spain In the politic sch emes of marryiageor as yet unmarriageable Queen of Spain, about which two te e contemporaries have lately goss ip e d, t h ere are two or t matters entirely overlooked. Spain has a constitution an .f, Cortes ; its y outhful Sovereign has or will have a woolen's fections and will, and time and events are great destroyers . „i, human designs. The Spanish people will doubtless per."„, their Queen to choose a husband for herself, without pr - 0 , much attention to the wishes or o bj ect i on , o f any ot h e r r°_, ;! narch. Spain is not in the leadi ng - s t r i ngs o f e i t h er FrancM Austria, Russia, or England, a n d i n t er f erence i re it s domes; concerns by an ally, or by all it s a lli es com bi ne d, Will and treated by the Spaniards as it deserves; it w ill b e res isted, a . I , we sincerely trust successfully repelled. If the Spanish natio_ possesses a tithe of the spi r it w hi c h we b e li eve it still possesse_, it will resent, in its earli es t i n iti a ti on , any a ttempt on the pat of Europe to marry Q ueen I sa b e l to an y Prince, either es_ common or individual choice— o f an y c hoice save one of her own unprompted will, there being no national impedimentg that choice. The success, indeed, of such an attempt *out? probably he the commen cement o f the ultimate overthrow of constitutional Government in Spain ; no nation can be con: stitutionally free when it is s ubject to any interference on Web! a matter as the selection o f a husband for its Sovereign," The Times, speaking of the inequalities of the legacy duties. .r _ remarks as follows:—" We would rather see the inequalifi ° remedied by abolishing the legacy duty on personal, than 1 4 attaching it to real, property. Scarce any tax is snore uppre e sive in its operation than this. At the very moment when; family, deprived of its head, a n d pri nc ip a l sup p or t, i s l east al to spare any of the means which he has lett behind him form maintenance, while they are at a loss perhaps how to earl, ° 2, 1 , the business which h e h as l e ft behind him—embarrassed difficulties which his experience alone would have been able to meet—aeprived of sources of emolument which rested an his life—at this moment of all others the tax-gatherer is sop in to demand his per tentage on all that the deceased has "7, - , able to save for their benefit. And it is no slight additionho the pai.fulness, though not to the injustice, of the impacts t • the' its exactions are enf o rc e d on persons at a moment when ka circumstances entitle them to every consideration, and l b , them peculiarly sens iti ve to anyt hi ng wh i ch comes i 0 t ea e a shape of a ho,til e intrusion. We should w i s h then to se. be entire abolition of t h e t ax ; b ut we are aware t hi s cannot effected hastily or alone." ' The Post says—" The question, whether or no landed 7 i t l : perty shouA be taxed by a l eg a c y d u t y as persona l proPe_r t ; e we admit to be on e o f muc h i nterest. B ut of a ll the tin e that could have been thought of for discussing the su b j ec ee ets the House of Commons, surely the most unfit was that cb de; by Mr. Elphinstone. The House had just agreed to tat la 7 property by seve n p ence i n t h e pound upon the income de w r is t ol. from it, when up starts this philosopher to propose and e upon the same description o f property . Thi s was absar mor worthy only of the muddy brains of the new Member f° r . .„, e j of trose. Even Mr. Elphinstone ou g ht to h ave b een asha."olo it. A prop e r ti me , d ou b t l ess, wi ll come when the qu'oite will be fairly argued in the House of Commons, and a d e or" judgment be come to upon it both by the House and the,_„P u e soss In the meanti me , a ll we w i s h to say i s that obviously t°7alse exaggerated and erroneous opinions are held as to the vitt' likely to be r ea li se d f rom a d uty upon the descent an d i for tance of landed estate not greater than that now levied 0 100 sonal estate. They who speculate upon a very large ;sate must surely forget that the absolute property in 'antic(' pre is not inherited once for every fifty times that absoloteoto perty in personal estate is inherited. They must forget al e, a nd landed estate gene r ally d escen d s to a di rect rerres entativ r oal would, therefore, pay the lowest rate of duty, while Pe, 0 0 estate very often g oes t o strangers, and p. ys tho high ° et duty." VIONEY — TRADE—COMMETACI free lr _i At Liverpool Lade has shown an i m p rove d sp i r it tit „ On Saturday 4,000 b a l es were so l d at improved Pr'''. 4,500 on the subsequent market-day. tsy Wl° It is stated that up war d s o f 3 ,00 0 persons, enngran leave the diff eren t p orts i n D evon and Cornwall, during months of April and May. ILHAV AND POLICE. At the Court of Bankruptcy yesterday, Mr. Georg° ce dars sun Clarke, a pate n t- agent an d late rorietor of The i 4i s o Advocate, under wen t another evamination. His " q uill - counts, he said, were so complicated that it would ,r e i lig ible, skilful account an t f or s i x months to make theta cot' when Mr. Commissioner Evans said. " unlesd you g ive , the° rect accounts, I s h a ll never pass you." A question o : 3o snt' put to the bankrupt, which he refused to answer. ,i caus e fo r for his com m it ta l was d rawn up, but seeing g°'" nt i 6 01 changi ng hi s m i n d , t h e examination was continue d, e_ bts w ere adj.urned for a week. The Commissioner said, the n. the 11,0001., an d th e cre di tors were not likely to o b ta in "u pound. LITERARY AND SCIENTIrI e i; 'rat er- M. Humann, we omitted to mention in his r nen/n j - is si lt ' ' ' . er, was born in 1780, se that his death occurred in ' t h wan second year. He was a citizen of Strasburgh ; h is , r os e fret spent in obscure and laborious occupations, and l' e ,„::: of '— the humble station of grocer's boy to the first digw" ~, State. to p r e vent 1 There exists in some p ar t s o f G erman y a ' 2 ''" Any r — ,no o r drinking during divine serv i ce. It runs thus :-- s a ndsl , drinking in an.alehouse during divine service 0 , !, 0 : other holiday, ma y l ega ll y depart without payieg•tbc Oat Lord Brougham h as b een c h osen patron 0 f girkb ec Mechanics' Instituti o n, i n th e room of t h e late m r ' , 11 TREATRICAL. her M s i esti Carletti Grisi takes her b ene fit thi s even i n g It Theatre. e fit a t lbe Last night Mademoisell e Pl essy took her utrantliroPe French Theatre. She performed Celemine in the c it .gardel l Madame Vestris, w e un d erstan d , will close the "e season, and resign her lesseeship on Saturday z' egt " to The Earl ham mofeLronastdacleo'tstivsmaluoarobleKpeaockneol: hoolounFcl SPORTING. fetched good prices. COITIZT—ritsuXONAnd ner WY I :ci The Archbishop of Armagh gave a an in e i a tives terday to the Marquis of Waterford and other r friends. The Countess of Bridgewater commences parties h 1 Grosvenor-square on the 9th of May.a grand dinner The Duke and Duchess of Buccleuch givethe Boyal Fami l y party on Thursday next to several members o f it this evening 1: Lady Lyndhurst's assembly in George -strthundred, to mee t to a fashionable party, not exceeding th r ee of Cambridge. their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duche ss , f or savenache Earl ~nd Countess Bruce leave town next vveex rsidwaeyrelasbrtrgoohtit Lodge. near Marlborough, Wilts. Lord Abinger left Brighton yesterday, re-u nion s in Belgra Lady Francis Egerton, at her musical to onga gft square, has, we understand, expressed her intent io n the services of English artists only. p re sent London.rfashiouavbe.lo confined by indisposition, at hia seat, Eskgro selburgh. fo r v h e e , We are sorry to hear that the Lord Advocate is at pre near Ilus- MISCELLANEOUS . Viscountess Sidmouth died at Richmond -park on Tuesday last, in her sixtieth year. Her Ladyship was daughter and sole hciress of Sir William Scott, and niece of the late Earl of Eldon. Marshal Soult, on the announcement being made to him of the death of M. Humann, while he was at tendin g the fin e rat of Alarshal Moncey, exclaimed,'" Is it possible-thza the MO' ter-roll is being called over in heaven ?" BRITISH SHOEMAKERS.—(From a Correspondent .) Pray notice a fact which came out on the trialof a destitute shoe— mak r, reported in yeur paper of last night, viz., that the were prospect of the considerable red uction in the dut y on forei gn manufactured leather has thrown many hundreds eftourro men shoemakers out of c mploy, and into the deepsdistress. such a simple fact will cause the Minister, and honeit men of both sides in Parliament, to reconsider the subject. " Louis Philippe, &c.—We have ordained, and do ordain, 0 fellows Lccave Laplagne, Member of the Chamber of . Deputies, is appointed Minister Secretary of State of the De; partment of the Finances, in place of N. Humann, deceased. The death of M. Humann is the principal, and, indeed. only important subject in the original columns of this morn' ing's journals. The Debuts has only a few lines of comment. It says : " The sad event which deprives the King and France of the services of an able and enlightened Minister, who was stn' cerely devoted to the Revolution of July, has inspired us, as " will, we are sure, inspire all just and impartial men, without distinction of party, with a p ro f oun d sent i ment o f a ffliction and regret." The following is from the Co ns tit u ti onne l : " When the tomb o p ens f or a statesman i s not t h e t i m e to revive the remembrance of our sa d d isputes . M. H u mann had lately sopported a policy which we s h ou ld no t like to see triumphant; but that is no reaso n w hy we s h ou ld undervalit ° the solid qualiti sof this able financier. and the services which he had rendered to his country as deputy, as peer, and as tai nister. He was, without contradiction, one of the most ins' . portant of the present Cabinet, and at any period it would be / difficult to find a man in the Ministerial party of so much talent and of such high reputation amongst financial slies l , His presence in the Ministry wa s a guarantee f or or d e r and regularity in the Treasury. • The Courrier Francais says : " M. Humann was pertinacious of his own opinions, and their prevalence in the Cabinet. In the discussions whirs arose his colleagues were wary of contending' against hig, from fear of a dislocation. Delivered from their dictator, they become more free in their movements—work the better , and be stronger? We, for our part, take leave to doubt this. If M. Humann was at times a clog to them, he had a deter nation of purpose—a quality which will be wanting on the ei . of the elections. M. Huma nn p ossesse d the confidence of tl' e Chambers, which frequently take for firmness that which it only obstinacy." From a statistical account recently published it appears Os! the agriculturists of France possess the following number 0 animals : Oxen and cows Merinos sheep 766,310 Common sheep Horses and mules l'igs • ~.-.. LA ( heatin g Cou nse l Lear tln 'Me , we weni VI( llis I- !if Inotic Justify a Qui ,The N Tr The ( Part-hea 1 purely generaC: co The it ground o --- - It apir George, change, ever, an( egaingt ti consenter some leg the order The C for a rem With. levers korniu., POI II ( We ar, %ea bra hlorning ties were bee shilii three ur %pot' the As these *ere s .v /Vary Hat that on peis9ner, 1 / 4 1 111 whe It his fac the foreb run awa , kir of ); IV/Ilia r olibieg The fa 44, 4 recia consid lie vt'a ~~ ._' Paniq Ze, and ie folk% M. J ;Marv, s limi ng I !'act come Loud ti nt 44 d ln g g %i s • gob Mut, on trOuchinl any knov plain ho t cer in ch !siecount The yc !!tuation, ,uced int ts b fact, al !tart. The Al "eve that Mr. H. I kken to I 4 i' had hi i THE INDIA SUN, CONTAINING A MAP AND FULL ACCOUNT OF AFFGHANISTAN AND THE THEATRE OF WAR IN INDIA, IS NOW READY. ~~