The Sun. — London, England, 1849-10-09 00:00:00

__''''''...- SUND 4,Y LABOUR AND THE GENERAL POST OFFICE.—(THIS DAY.) A public meeting of the inhabitants of Southwark, con - rened by the High Bailiff, in compliance with a nurnerou•ay-signed requisition, was held this afternoon in the Town-hall of the Borough. for the purpose of memorialising the Lords of the Treasury against the proposed c anmeneement of Sunday labour in the General Post-office. The chair was taken by Mr. William Pritchard, the High Bailiff, at one o'clock, at which hour the hall was but partially filled. The CHAIRMAN, in opening the proceedings, observed that in the exercise of his official functions he had had great pleasure in calling this meeting. Englishmen were always tenacious of any encroachment upon their civil and religious liberties. They knew and felt that much of the wordly happiness they enjoyed was attri butable to the homage they had always paid to the Almighty, and they were therefore peculiarly jealous of anything that was likely to detract from the sanctity of that day which Divine Providence had set apart for the rest of man from his earthly toils. The proposed change in the management of the General Post-offiee it was feared would lead to greater desecra tion of the Sabbath than the necessities and wants of the public absolutely required, and it was for the meet• ing to determine whether the alteration ought to take place or not. For his part he would express no further opinion upon the question than this, that no public duties ought to be tolerated that were incompatible with a due observance of the Sabbath; and if the speakers who should follow him succeeded in demonstrating that the proposed change was of that nature, he for one hoped it would be denounced in the strongest possible terms. Mr. A. FILCHER moved the first resolution, to the effect—" That the meeting had observed with regret and alarm the proposed regulations at the General Post-office, by which a large amount of Sanday labour would be immediately required, and must ultimately lead to a general delivery in London on that day." It was urged in favour of the change (the speaker observed) that it would greatly rerluee the labour of • provincial offices, but he did not think so, nor did the public; on the contr a ry, it was generally believed that it woud increase the labours of the 12,000 persons engaged in the provincial offices. If the Government really wished:to relieve the provin cial officers, let them abandon this plan, and entirely abolish Sunday deliveries, providing for the convenience of those who required their letters on that day, that they might obtain them by sending for them before eight o'clock in the morning, and after seven o'clock in the evening. Mr. CHARLES POTT seconded the resolution, which was put and carried unanimously. Mr. CownEnoe• moved the adoption of the following memorial :—" To the Lords Commissioners of her Ma jesty's TreasUry :—The memorial of the undersigned in habitants of the Borough of Southwark, humbly sheweth, that your memorialists have heard with the deepest re gret that it is intended by the authorities at the General Post-office to commence, very shortly, the receipt of mails from the country at large, and the transmission of mails into the country, on the Sunday, as on other days. That your memorialists feel convinced that such a measure will inevitably lead to a Sunday delivery in the metropolis. That your memorialists therefore appeal most earnestly to your Lordships, to prevent the adoption of a measure so repugnant to the feelings of the community at large; and which has been desired by no class, while it is de precated by all. And your memorialists shall ever pray." Ee insisted that the change was not only uncalled for, but unjust. Humanity could not bear seven days' labour, and, therefore, in a physical as well as a moral point of view, the proposed change, establishing, as it would, Sunday labour, was highly objectionable. He, however, resisted this measure more upon the ground that it held out to the world, that the highest authority in the State sanc tioned labour on the Sabbath. It was dangerous to tamper with great principles, and when Government attempted to put in force a system that must shake the morality and religious feeling of the people, it was high time for all good men to raise their voices against it. It was nonsense to tell him that it was not intended to open the doors of the Post office, when the work would still be carried on inside, while it was notorious that the metropolitan receiving houses had been sounded upon their feeling for or against Sunday deliveries. Mr. SIMPSON bad much pleasure in seconding the re solution. Captain ACXERLEY—Before the resolution was put, informed the meeting, amidst some confusion, that he Was favourable to the proposed change. The resolution was then agreed to. Thanks were then voted to the High Bailiff, and the meeting broke up. ATHLETIC GAMES at WOOLWICH Major-General Sir Hew D. Ross, K C.B , Deputy- Adjutant- General of Artillery, Major- General Parker, C. 8., Lieutenant-Governor of the Royal Military Academy, and a large number of the officers and gentry of the garrison and neighbourhood, assembled in the grounds of the Academy on Satur day last to witness numerous games of an athletic character. Each of the Gentlemen Cadets was dressed in a jacket of a distinguishing colours and the games were commenced with the greatest spirit at half-past three o'clock P.M., the first being a foot-race of one mile, gained by Gentleman Cadet Holmes obtaining the first, and Gentleman Cadet Strange the second prize. The second foot-race was amongst the Gentlemen Cadets who had not been so long at the Academy as those contesting the first race, the dis tance being half a mile, and Gentleman Cadet Edwardes obtained the first, and Gentleman Cadet Lukin the second prize. A third foot-race of half a mile distance was contested by the Gentlemen Cadets who had last joined, and the first prize was gained by Gentleman Cadet Heekes, and the second by Gentle man Cadet Jackson. Twenty Gentlemen Cadets started for the next race of 100 yards, and it was remarkably well contested by every one engaged in it, Gentleman Cadet Ravenhill winning the first, and Gentleman Cadet Temple the second prize. The next, a hopping race of eighty yards, was gained by Gentleman Cadet Boothby, the first, and Gentleman Cadet Temple the second prize; seven started for the next race of half a mile, with six jumps, which was contested with the greatest spirit, three of the Gentlemen Cadets jumping the last of the six hurdles, when Gentleman Cadet Strange was declared winner of the first, and Gentle man Cadet Markham winner of the second prize. The next half-mile race was gained, the first prize by Gentleman Cadet Wylie, and the second by Gentle man Cadet Teesdale. The Gentlemen Cadets then exhibited their skill and strength by cutting through with the sword suspended triangular bars of lead, which they completely cut through, Gentleman Cadet Brackenbury obtaining the first, and Gentleman Cadet Holmes the second prize. Putting a 24-pounder shot was gained, the first prize by Gentleman Cadet Brackenbury, and the second by Gentleman Cadet T. Cary. The high leap, standing, was gained, the first prize by Gentleman Cadet Ravenhill, and the second by Gentleman Cadet Langley. The high leap running was gained, the first prize by G en tl eman Cadet Ten - Tie, and the second by G en tl eman C a d et Brackenbury. The wide leap standing was gained, the first prize by Gentleman Cadet Clarke, and the second by Gentleman Cadet Ravenhill. The wide leap running by Gentleman Cadet Temple the first, and the second by Gentleman Cadet Maude. The high leap with a pole by Gentleman Cadet Newbold. The first prize of hop, step, and jump, by Gentleman Cadet C. Stirling, and the second by Gentleman Cadet Maude. The whole of the jumping was most interesting, and the activity displayed by Gentleman Cadets Temple, Ravenhill, and Brackenbury elicited universal admiration. DEATH OF ONE OF THE BOSJESMA NS , OR Buss PEOPLE. — On Sunday morn i ng l ast, a funeral took place at Hyde which attracted a very large concourse of per sons. For some days past there has been exhibiting in the locality a number of Bush people, and it appears that during their ckl,tiy at Hyde one of their number, a child, named Fanny Bush, bas died of consumption. rThe funeral was most respectably conducted. A stone has been placed over the grave, on which is the following in scription, which is concluded by two verses:—" Sacred to the memory of Fanny Bush, the beloved child of Simon and Gaikin, Bush people, born on the 9th day of August, 1646, on board the brig Fancy, of Liverpool, Caytain Wheeler, on their voyage to England. She died of consumption, at Hyde, on the 29th day of Sep tember, 1849." For several evenings during the week the churchyard at Hyde has been crowded, owing to the band belonging to the exhibition attending to play various tunes at the grave.—Manchester Courier. MELANCHOLY ACCIDENT.— On Friday morning last, John Thompson, Robert Thompson (father and son), Matthew Mitcalf, John Mitcalf, Robert Young, and Edward Cooper, six pilots belonging to Monkwear mouth Shore, put off to sea in a coble from the beach at Whitburn Bay. They had not been many 'minutes at sea when their coble was upset by a reef of seas which was seen by the Whitburn fishermen, who immediately pushed off to their assistance, and succeeded in rescuing John Mitcalf, Robert Young, and Edward Cooper from their perilous situation, John Thompson, and Matthew Mitcalf were unfortunately drowned. Robert Thompson has left a wife and two children • his body was washed ashore upon th e b eac h near Whitburn on Saturday morning, wrapped in the sail of the coble; the body of John Thompson, his father, and Matthew Mitcalf, have also been found ; they were all buried in Monkwearmouth Churchyard on the afternoon of Monday last, at the same hour.—Durham Advertiser. EXTRAORDINARY CIRCUMSTANCE AT WINDSOR.— On Friday evening a sentinel (Hillier), on duty at Windsor Castle, one of the battalion of Grenadier Guards, under the influence of intoxicating liquor, and affected by temporary insanity, presented a loaded car bine at Mr. John Roberts, Inspector of Palaces, as he was leaving the Home-park, and threatened to shoot him. The military maniac subsequently discharged his piece at a comrade sentry, the ball passing through a gas lamp, smasking it to pieces, fortunately without doing further injury. The insane proceeding was repeated twice. Sergeant Spiers, with two men, by the direction of the officer on guard, captured Hillier, and he was placed in coufinement in the black-hole, where he will be kept until he be tried by court. martial. A HALE OLD MAN.—Mr. Joseph Peart, farmer, of Fine House, near Shotley-bridge, cut and set up six stooks of wheat in half a day. Ho is eighty-nine years of age.—Newcastle Journal. A cottager living at Stickney, Lincolnshire, pos sesses a sow which in three years has farrowed ninety two pigs. TORBAY, OCT. Se—Wind N.E.—Sld. James Lumaden, Calcutta. CHOLERA AND DIARRHCEA, WEST DISTRICTS. Kensington ... Chelsea... ... St. George, Hanover-square . Westminster ... •.. . St. Martin - in-the-Fields . St. James, Westminster . NORTH DISTRICTS. Alarylebone Hampstead St. Pancras Islington Hackney ••• ••• -- CENTRAL DISTRICTS. St. Giles Strand --- . Holborn Union Clerkenwell .. St. Luke . East London ~ West London City of London ••• ••• - EAST DISTRICTS. ghoreditch Bethnal•green Whitechapel St. George-in•th©•East Stepney Poplar ... • ... SOUTH DISTRICTS. St. Saviour, Southwark St. Olavo ... ... Bermondsey ... ... St. George, Southwark Newington ... Lambeth Wandsworth Camberwell Rotherhithe Greenwich Lewisham ••• ...' Total ... Total deaths from cholera, registered from Supt. 17, 1848, to,Oet. 6, 1849... ... 14,396 Total deaths from cholera, registered from June 17, 1849, to Oct. 6, 1849... ... 13,305 NOTE. —The district of Kensington comprises the parishes of Kensington, Hammersmith, Fulham, and Paddington. Westminster district comprises the parishes of St. Margaret and St. John the Evan gelist, with Privy Gardens and Whitehall, and the close of the Collegiate Church of St. Peter. St. Giles's district comprises the parishes of St. Giles-in- tbe.Fields and St. George, Bloomsbury. The following are co extensive with the unions of the same name:—llackneyf Strand, Holborn, East London, West London, City o, London, Whitechapel, Stepney, Poplar, St. Saviour, St. Olave, Wandsworth (Wandsworth and Clapham), Greenwich, and Lewisham. The remaining districts are co•extensive with the respective parishes of the same name. THE COUNTRY. The following is the Return of Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea reported to the General Board of Health the Bth day of October, 1849 : Alnwick ••• ••• ••• Alston and Garrigill Alverstoke ••• ••• Anglesey (Holyhead)... Ashton-under-Lyne Axbridge (Blagden and Con gresbury) ..• Aylsh am (Buxton and Cottisball) Barnet (South Mims)... ... Barnstaple and Ilfracombe -- Barrow- upon-Soar (Syston) Bedford and Cardington Bedminster and Netherbury... Berwick-upon-Tweed ••• Biggleswade and Potton ... Birmingham ... •-• Blackburn ... •-• Bolton (Eastern and Harwich) Bradford, North Bierley, Pudsey, Horton, and Bowling ... Brampton (Hayton) • Bridgnorth Bridgwater ... Bristol ••• Bromsgrove Bury (Lancaster) Carmarthen ... Chelmsford . ..• ..• Cheltenha m Union (Leek ham pton) ••• ••• Chester-le -Stre e t Chorlton (Hulm e ) ••• Clifton Union (Stapleton, St. Philip and Jacob,and S t•George) Clut ton Cockermouth and Maryport Cosford (Hadleigh) ... Coventry Darlington ••• Dartford (Farningbam) ... Derby (St. Alkmund)... ••• Dewsbury (Gomersal, Morley, and Birstal) Dorchester (Bohmston, Stinsford) - Deaths. Cholera. Dlarrh. 15 2 .. /.. Droitwich Dudley (Tipton and Sedgley)... East Stonehouse ••• -- Eastry (Wal mer , Deal) ... Eccleshall (Bierlow) Ecclesfield (Barnsley) ••• Edmonton (Tottenham) ... Exeter ... ••• ••• Gateshead and Whiekham . . --- Gloucester (Barn wood) Great Boughton (Chester) ... Guildford (Godalming district) Hailsham (Hedingley) ... Halifax (Sowerby) Hardingstone ..• ••• toe • """ Headington . Lleleton (Wenbron) ... Hereford ... ••• Hitchin ••• ••• ••• Hollingbourn (Headcorn, Chart) Holy well (Flint) ••• ... Huddersfield (Holmfirth and Slaithwaite) Hull (My ton and Humber) . Hunslet (Holbeck, Kirkstall, and Bothwell) ... Isle of Wight (East Cowes)... • Kidderminster ••• King's Lynn ... ••• King's Norton (Smethwick) Lancaster Leigh (Atherton and Tyldesley) Liverpool Llanelly and Pembrey ••• Loughborough Madeley (Much Wenlock) ... Manchester ... ..• Macclesfield ... .. ••• Morpeth (Bedlington) ••• Narbeth (Begelly) ••• Neath (Ystradgunlais) ••• •—• Newcastle-on-Tyne ... -- Newport (Monmouth) ••• •••'• Newport Pagnel (Fenny Strafford) — Newton Abbott (Torquay) ... Northampton ... Northwich ••• ... North Witchford (March) ... Norwich (East Wymer) ... Nottingham ... ... Oldham and Chaderton Oxford ... ••• Penzance ... ... Peterborough ••• Ply mpton St. Mary ... Pontefract (Beaghall)... Portsea Island ..• ..• Prescot • • • ••••• Preston... ... Pwllheli (Criccuth district) ... Radford (Snenton) Rochford (Rayleigh) Romford (Hornchurch) St. Austell (Mevagissey) ... -- St. Germans (Anthony) ... St. Thomas (East Budleigh)... Salford (Greengate and Pen dleton) Scilly Isles ... Sett'costes (Hedon and Sutton) South Shields (Westoe) ... Stockton (Yarm and Hartlepool) Stoke-upon-Trent (Shelton and Hanley) ... ,„ Stone (Trenth am ) „. Stourbridge (Kingswinford) ... Sunderland ... Tavistock Tendring „. Thorne and Crowle Ticehurst (Wadhurat) Tiverton ••• ••• ." Todmorden (Mytholm Royd,in Wadsworth) ••• ••• Totnes and Brixham ... Truro (Kenwyn) „, Ty nemouth and Longbenton Ux bridge (flayes, Ruislip) ." Wakefield (Sandal, Alverthorpe, and Stanley) ••• Wahall and Darlaston Wareham (Swanage)... Warrington ... Warwick ... West Bromwich (Wednesbury, and Oldbury) ... Westbury ••• ••• West Derby (Toxteth-park) W hitehaven ••• ••• Wigan ... ••• "' Windsor (Clewer) Wisbeach (Dowgate Leverington)— Wolstanton and Burslem Wolverhampton and Bilston... Wycombe (Great Marlow) ... York (Walmsgate) ••• ••••• •••• ....' ••• ..... ••• .... ••• ..... •• • .^.• Total ~. 387 RETURN OF CASES, OCT. 6. THE METROPOLIS. SUPERINTENDING REGISTRAR'S DISTRICT. Deaths. Cholera. Diarrh. LONDON. West Districts North Districts Central Districts East Districts South Districts Total LITERATURE. THE TEMPORAL BENEFITS OF CHRIS TIANITY, exemplified in its Influence on the Social Intellectual, Civil, and Political Condition of Illanhind. By Robert Blakey, author of "The History of the Philosophy of Mind." " There is a notion very prevalent among Christians of all sects (observes the author of this volume) that the Bible is entirely a spiritual instrument, that it has little or no connexion with temporal or worldly ob jects; that the.general benefits of civilization and im provement are produced solely by the unassisted faculties of the human mind ; and that whether they adopt or reject the Scriptures, it is all the same as to social and political matters." To show the unsound ness of such opinions is the avowed object of Mr. Blakey's work, and most succesfully is that object achieved. The very voluminous materials necessary for a history stretching back almost to the Creation have been condensed into one volume, containing somewhat less than 400 pages, nevertheless the argu• meats enforced lose nothing by the condensation ; on the contrary, the whole multiform system is brought at once under the consideration of the reader. This will be more evident by a brief analysis of the work—a work of which the interesting style and judicious mode of treatment are only inferior in attraction to the en thralling matters of which it relates. It is divided into three parts—the first treats of " the social and religious influence of Christianity." Prefixed to this section is a very interesting summary of the Jewish code of laws, a necessary introduction to any consi deration of the influence of Christianity, for, accord ing to a beautiful saying of the great panegyrist of the Jews, Mr. Disraeli— " Judaism is incomplete without Christianity, and Christianity is incomprehensible without Judaism." On concluding the perusal of this interesting intro duction the reader fully coincides with Mr. Blakey's judicious comments on the beneficial effects of the government of Moses : " In all the governments and empires of the East the people were held but of little account. In Rome they were fighting slaves, in Sparta Helots, in Athens idle vagabonds, and throughout the whole ancient world the masses of the people were degraded, brutalised, and op. pressed by political despotism. To this general rule the Jewish republics are an illustrious exception. No better organization ever existed than that of the Hebrews: ready on a moment's call to resist an attack on their country, they may well be regarded as the noblest spe cimen of an independent nation the world has ever seen, and realising the beau ideal of a truly powerful and in telligent commonwealth." We now come to consider " the influence of Christi anity on the social, intellectual, and religious cha racter of mankind," which softening influence is visible in nine different ways—" The general current of philosophical thought gradually changed by Christian doctrines and precepts ; the social effect of monastic institutions, in reference to which Mr. Blakey observes, ' As a Protestant, I have my own opinions on their general expediency in a religious point of view ; but these must not be allowed to blind me as to certain effects or influences which resulted from the monastics, and which are visibly imprinted on a portion of the world's history. This would be unjust both towards them and to the cause of histori cal truth. The very nature of these institutions, and the general and personal rules enjoined by ecclesias tical authority for their regulation, must naturally have produced mild, sociable, and humane feelings in the large masses of mankind by whom they were surrounded.' In support of this view of the subject Mr. Blakey here quotes M. Guizot, (a Protestant) ; political duties and obligations became viewed through the medium of Scripture truth ; the establishment of the Christian Sabbath ; the endowment of schools and colleges for general instruction ; the establishment of communes, free cities, fraternities, guild s , an d corporations; the in fluence of Christianity in softening the horrors and cruelties of war; the influence of the Christian system on the rights and comforts of the poor ; the benefits indirectly , derived from the cultivation of the scholastic philo sophy." By these various channels the ennobling in fluences of Christianity gradually but effectually exerted a most salutary influence over the hearts and intellects of men brutalised by the ferocities of barba rism or debased by heathenish corruptions. This pure and peaceful revolution is briefly but empha tically depicted by Mr. Blakey in the most interesting and admirable manner. The same remark applies to Part 11., " On the Legal Influence of Christianity." The strenuous and unceasing efforts of the Church to effect the abolition of slavery are not among the minor benefits of Christianity. These efforts form the topic of the first section of" The Legal Influences." On this subject Mr. Blakey remarks : " The important principle of the perfect equality of man is clearly laid down in the Scriptures. We are not, however, to consider this phrase as affirming that all mankind are equal in point of bodily strength, riches, intellectual sagacity, or th a t a ll are entitled to an equal portion of civil authority and influence, as some speculative .philosophers have maintained. The natural equality which the Bible establishes is just this—that all mankind were originally derived from one parent; that they are all objects of equal care to their Creator, so far as their bodily wants are concerned, and that all have an equal right to be treated in a just and humane manner by the laws of all nations recognising the word of God for their guide and directory. We cannot look at the laws of heathen legislators without perceiving that many of them, and of great importance too, in reference to the liberty and happiness of the subject, had been founded upon the openly avowed principle that one part of man kind were better in nature than another, and that the poor and humble of station had no right to the same impartial justice as the opulent and distinguished in rank. This was one of the leading defects which lay lurking at the bottom of all the laws of Greece and Rome." " There is rio feature of European civilisation more strikingly developed," continues Mr. Blakey, " through the influence of the religious principle, than that of the abolition of slavery. We find the Church waged an incessant war against it." The second of these legal benefits is the change effected in the i ns tit u ti on o f mar riage. The Church, notwithstanding the con tinual efforts of powerful opponents, proclaimed the indissolubility of the marriage tie, thus effecting an almost incal cu l a bl e c h ange for the etter in public manners and individual moralty. • The facility of divorce under the Roman laws had produced such lamentable consequences, that according to Seneca, the Roman women reckoned time, not by the years of the consuls, but by the numb er o f th eir h us b an d s I Again, the salutary influence of the Church is seen in the modification of the arbitrary authority vested in the father of a family. The Roman law gave the father the power of life and death over his children, and (says Mr. Blakey) " we find that when the Chris tian spirit had gained a little strength, and began to make its voice heard among the rulers of the earth, one of the first things which called for its benevolent energies was the Roman law or parent and child. We see this in many writings of the early fathers of the Church." As the fourth of the legal benefits of Christianity, Mr. Blakey mentions the salutary in fluence of the canon law. "It is manifest," he says, "that the canon law must have exercised a prodigious influence on the general spirit of legislative and civil jurisprudence throughout every state in Christendom, an influence which is felt in every department of law and equity at the present moment. In no legal depart mentcan we direct the eye where it is not perceptible." The third division of this volume considers the political or general influence of Christianity. It is hardly necessary to say that this portion of the work is possessed of a most enthralling interest when we notice among its contents a brief but spirited history of the Crusades and a glimpse of the peculiar features of chivalry—topics, the briefest mention of which con jures up visions of romance and heroic enthusiasm ; and these topics have been dealt with by Mr. Blakey in a gentle and right chivalrous spirit. This section, likewise, comprises a reference to the political and ecclesiastical revolutions of modern times—the Pro testant Reformation and the English Revolution; the history of social and political literature and philosophy —general literature and the philosophy of human nature, and also (which we have omitted to enumerate in its proper place) a chapter en the influence of the Papacy. Rightly has Mr. Blakey declared in his preface that 'he has avoided the spirit of sec tarianism. " I have" be says, " been invari ably desirous of doing justice to all parties." He has been animated by a spirit of Catholic universal) Christianity. As a proof of this, while he considers the Reformation as a further development of the blessings of Christianity, and while he speaks of the rreabyteriain end jAdependents as of men WESTERN LITERARY INSTITUTION.—Last evening the first of a series of " Glee Concerts" was given at this excellent institution. The programme was ex tremely attractive, containing, as it did, some of the best compositions of our old English masters, which were well executed by the professionals, both vocal and in strumental. We were glad to see the concert so highly appreciated as it was by the numerous and respectable audience assembled within the theatre of the institution. It would be an injustice did we omit to mention the great ability with which Mrs. Fentum, Miss Melvin, Mr. May (director of the concert), and Mr. Griesbach, acquitted themselves. LAMBETH CHORAL SOCIETY.—The members of the Lambeth Choral Society held a public tea meeting and gave a concert last night in the large school •room, Chapel -place, Great Suffolk-strer.t, Borough. The tea meeting was most fully attended, and the performances of the society were much applauded. The concert con , sisted of selections of anthems, odes, &e., from the Union Harmonise, with a variety of new sacred music. The Rey. W. Chalmers, A.M., officiated as chairman of the tea meeting, while Mr. Hawk er , organ i st of All Saints, St. John's Wood, presided at the pianoforte; and Mr. W. Smith, the precentor of Marylebone Presbyterian Church, conducted the concert. THE EGYPTIAN LOCUST.—A specimen of this insect was captured near Handsworth church on Saturday last. Another specimen taken near Smethwick, a few days since, is still alive, and feeds upon various kinds of leayea and plants.=—,l3irmingliarn Mercury. SUN, LONDON, THE 1 0 2 0 9 0 1 4 0 4 0 2 0 23 0 44 25 387 115 23 0 SCOTLAND, Wicke, Caithness ... ~, Boness ~. •• •• • •• , - Arbroath (from Oct. 4) ~, ^. Hawick •• •• Dunbar (Sept. 30 to Oct. 6) ... Perth .... .. ~, ~, Dundee ~. ~, ~, ..... Total ... ••• •.• General total:— Metropolis ... ••• .-- Country ••• •• Scotland ••• ••• Total NOTE —The deaths are returned according to the superintendent registrars' districts, as it is found ha. practicable to distinguish every place separately. CHOLERA. DIARRECEA. Fri. Sat. Fri. Sat. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. sth. 6th. sth. 6th, 3 7 1 2 1 5 4 1 2 5 6 5 12 15 5 8 17 12 6 9 44 22 25 1 1' EVENING OCTOBER 9= 1849. " to whose united exertions, talents, and public spirit the British people are under deep obligations for the greater part of the civil and religious privileges they now enjoy ;" yet, in the above-mentioned chapter, " on the influence of the Papacy," he attributes due honour to that institution which has elicited the en thusiasm of Mr. Macaulay. Here again Mr. Blakey quotes the Protestant Guizot in support of his enco miums on the beneficial influence of the Papacy in the troublous times of barbarism. "I think, then, humanly speaking," says Guizot, " that it is not too much to aver, that in the fourth and fifth centuries it was the Christian Church that saved Christianity; that it was the Christian Church, with its institutions, its magistrates, its authority—the Christian Church which struggled so vigorously to prevent the interior dissolution of the empire, which struggled against the barbarian, and which in fact overcame the barbarian. It was this Church, I say, that became the great connecting link, the principle of civilization between the Roman and barbarian world." Again, on this subject, Mr. Blakey observes : " Unquestionably the Papacy was a fierce and uncompromising power to the rulers of mankit,d—those whose maxims are based on absolute right, and enforced and supported by reckless ambition, cruelty, and rapine. But, viewing it as a whole during many ages, its general policy was evidently to tighten the reins on querulous and unprincipled usurpers, and to weaken the ties which bound the multitude to their iron sway. Its maxims of authority were arrogant and despotic, but its practical influence was salutary and remedial. To the rulers of the earth it preached the doctrine of absolute submission • but its practice was t o s t r ik e o ff t h e f etters of the bondsmen and the slave, and to extend the liberties and privileges of the community at large. The voice of the Vatican shook the firmest throne, and made the hearts of the most redoubtable princes sink within them, but to the merchant and the trader, the farmer and the vassal, the parish priest and his flock, its tones of thunder were little heeded, because their fulmination had no especial reference to themselves and their ordinary pursuits." Mr. Blakey has acted both justly and judiciously in speaking out thus boldly. Truth can never be forwarded by the weapons of calumny or misrepre sentation, and those Protestant writers who denounce in one sweeping condemnation all things connected with Romanism, simply because so connected, are far from forwarding the principles of the Reformation. As another evidence of Mr. Blakey's impartiality, we quote the following paragraph in reference to the scholastic philosophy in the. dark ages, which will astonish many of our readers -(be 'it observed, also, that Mr. Blakey always writes the term " dark ages" either in italics or with inverted commas, as if to show that he at least does not consider them especially dark) : " When we consider that ninety.nine parts out of a hundred of all the political and social legislation of mo dern Europe came under the direct cognizance of those scholastic divines—were made. especial topics of eager and passionate discussion—placed side by side in all their remote bearings and ramifications, with the declarations and truths of the Scriptures—admitted as canons of truth and fitness only as they squared with the direct Word of God—when we consider these matters we are con strained to acknowledge that what goes under the deno mination of scholastic philosophy comprehends within itself a vast body of sound knowledge. * • There was a more open and direct communication with the sacred volume than at the present day, even though this volume is now multiplied to an almost indefinite extent, and circulated among all classes of the people. • • * There is leas known of the nature and import of Scrip ture, in connexion with man's duty and interest as a member of civil society, than there was in what are pro verbially termed the Dark ages." The subject of this work is one of universal inte rest, and the manner of its treatment fits it for universal perusal. The young and unlearned will comprehend and derive information from it, for its style is remarkable for simplicity, and its explanations for explicitness ; and, at the same time, even those who are not ignorant of the various matters to which it relates will find, in the admirable summary which it gives of so many complicated topics, at once a refreshment of their memory and a source of interesting meditation. Let no one suppose from the name that this work is serious as a homily or dry as an abstract history ; on the contrary, if one epithet describes its character more particularly than any other, it is the epithet of inte resting. Some of the chapters are as enthralling as the pages of a novel. Cordially we commend the work to general perusal; it is calculated to make its readers wiser, and happier, and better—and few are the volumes of which we can say so much. HAYMARKET THEATRE. Never do we remember to have seen a theatre more crowded than was the Haymarket Theatre last evening, and the occasion was one which called in a most especial manner for an expression of sym pathy on the part of the British public with one who has by his example done more to elevate and dignify the histrionic profession than any other man now living ; who has shown that it is possible to be at the same time a leading actor, a ripe scholar, a finished gentleman, and a good man; but who had been bilk tally outraged by an ignorant and an excited mob halloo'd on to mischief by a man who was as inca pable of appreciating the high and gentleman!) feeling of him he outraged as be was of rivalling him as an actor or as a scholar. It was the first appearance in the metropolis of Mr. Macready since his return from America, and the audience with which the Haymarket Theatre was crammed last evening was gathered together as much t..) express sympathy with the man as admiration for the actor. Never bad actor such a reception as that which r eeted Mr. Macready last evening ; his reception a' en he made his first appearance at the Princess's aft. his return from America five years ago, grand is it was, was tame in comparison with his receptia last evening. The whole house, which was crowded, from the orchestra stalls to the gallery ceiling, rose at him and cheered:; the, ladies in the boxes were waiving their handkerchiefs, and the men were waiving their hats, cheering the whole time. This continued for several minutes, and the cheering died away as it would/seem from the sheer exhaustion of the cheerers ; they had, however, only paused to; take breath, again was the cheering renewed, and again and again, before the play was suffered to proceed. That play was Mac beth, and the play-geing,public are so well acquainted with Mr. Macready's reading of, the character, that. it would;be work of supererogation to indulgein any lengthened commentary: Ile has come back to us the same Macready that he ever was, with energies undiminished, and with mannerisms uncorrected. It is announced that at the conclusion of the present season it is his intention to retire from the stage ; we hope, however, that he will be induced to recon sider his determination. There is no failing in either his mental, or his physical powers; he owes a debt of duty to the art which has made him what he is, and he ought not to retire at the moment when the in terests of that art most require his presence. At the conclusion of the tragedy he was again called for ward, and his reception was to the full as enthu siastic as it bad been on his first appearance. The, play was strongly cast. Mrs. Warner was the Lady Macbeth, and albeit her performance is by no means faultless, yet taken as a whole, hers is by fa r the best Lady Macbeth on the stage. That most accomplished of artists, James Wallack, acted Mac duff beautifully; and Stuart, James Bland, arid C. Selby, were the best witches we have ever seen. There was a fiend-like energy and hellish malignity about the acting of Stuart tbat .was admirably in keeping with the character. Miss P. Horton; was the Hecate, and, with the exception of the introduc tion of some ornaments of rather doubtful character into the air. " Now I'm 'furnished for my flight,", she sang and acted admirably. The music altogether was very well performed. A slight incident occurred during the course of the performance ; which at one time threatened to mar the harmony of the evening. The house, ay we before stated, was crowded to suffocation at the commencement of the evening, and when some per sons, who, gained admission at half-price, sought for accommodation, of course there was none to be found; whereupon the new corners set up a loud call for " Webster," and wou ld not be pacified. At length Wallack came forward, and informed them that Mr. Webster was not in the house, but that if they were at all incommoded they should, if they would leave the theatre, have tickets given them for another night, when the per formances would be repeated. This assurance satisfied the dissentients, and the performances pro ceeded triumphantly to their close. SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS. FHOM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS Day. TlMES.—There is good in evil. If the policy of the Court of St. Petersburgh has raised apprehension in the Councils of the Porte, or inspired the refugees of Hungary with dismay, there are men in this country to whom it has been a perfect godsend. It has supplied the enemies of Austria and the ad mirers of Hungary with fresh recruits and a fresh subject. The declamation about the horrors of the Hungarian war had become stale, and the statement of Austrian oppression doubtful, when, fortunately for the oratory of the speakers and the ears of the audiences, the Emperor of Russia embarked in a course repugnant at once to the law and the sentiment of nations. A new topic was added to the exhausted machinery of former harangues • and men who were tired listening Ito suspicious details of Hungarian liberty warmed with enthusiasm as the arrogant demand of the Czar, the humiliation of the Porte, or the prospective interference of England were substi tuted for the trite fabrications of the platform. Mr. Cobden has availed himself of the opportunity thus offered, though not in the happiest way. In fact, he is involved in a mesh of contradictions, and has only himself (and the platform system, of which he is a victim) to thank for it. There never was so strange a multitude of conflicting claims as those to which he has lately pledged himself all round. The champion of free trade, he takes upon himself the task of dictating to the merchants of London in a tone which the Czar would not venture to use at St. Petersburgh. The champion of peace, he is, in veigled into flattering the sentiment of those whom he addresses, and that sentiment is one of unmis takable and animated hostility towards the 'most powerful sovereign of Europe. With one cause good enough for his purpose, he takes up an o th er , w hi c h is not on l y l ess good, but absolutely bad ; and by his mode of assault he succeeds in depriving himself of that support which a more consistent championship would have secured for him. It is impossible to over-rate the mischiefs which are produced by the habits of the platform when we observe their development at such meetings as that which was held yesterday at the City of London Tavern. First of all a man of some cele brity—and that celebrity, too, founded entirely on his advocacy of free trade—undertakes, of all things in the world, to convoke a public meeting for the purpose of deterring mercantile men from lending money as they think fit ! A more monstrous scheme—notwith standing Mr. Cobden's attempt at an excuse—was never before attempted by any one man, nor tole rated by any body of men. It is neither more nor less than an effort to bring the force of numbers— physical force, in fact—to bear upon men's private interests and projects. Disguise it as he may, it amounts to this—Any man is to be bullied by an array of numbers or a battery of speeches from exer cising the ordinary freedom of trade. If it be not this, what is it? Mr. Cobden professes to feel a tender solicitude for the pockets of the poor. Are the poor money-lenders ? Is it from the drudging clerks or mechanics of the city that Austrian loans will be raised ? Mr. Cobden has a story about a poor porter who starved on 2,0001. in the Spanish Bonds. He might just as well have cited the story of " Jack and the Beanstalk." The object of the meeting was not to warn the poor, but to deter the capitalists. The investigation of the resources of Austria was a mere pretence. Does Mr. Cobden imagine that people will not be able to ascertain the capabilities of that em pire without his assistance ? Does he think that the conditions of the loan will not explain themselves ? If Jr.: Cobden's justification be accepted, then the whole mercantile body of London is condemned. For, on his showing, they are all either dolts or knaves ; they either are wholly ignorant of the country with which they are invited to negotiate, or they are playin g i n t o eac h o th er ' s hands for the purpose of duping the unwary and the poor. We leave it to Mr. Cobden to settke his ex :deflation with the class which he has libelled. And then fur his laboured plea of consistency. Where does he find loans denounced in the abstract without re ference to their occasion ? He will find in all the authors whom he so ostentatiously quotes many pas sages condemnatory of wars, their expense, and the loans which they necessitate. No one ever questioned that war was a bad thing; that, if it were possible, it would be better to eschew them altogether. All these are truisms familiar to men, women, and children. But it is no less true—or rather it is only another form of expressing the same truth—that it is better to close the wounds of war soon than to leave them gaping open ; that it is better to consolidate and con summate a partial triumph than to leave oppor tunities and temptations to fresh and desperate ruptures. The Government of Austria has neaten the men who took up arms against it. 'Were the conflict to begin again, it would beat them more easily than before. Is it not better, then —more humane, more merciful—to give it the means of discharging the more urgent claims to which the contest has made it liable, than, by denying this, to expose th e vanqu i s h e d f oe to a ll the varieties of pillage and all the devices of extortion ? The Croatian and Sclave soldiers are not very fastidious as to the means by which they maintain themselves. The - spirit which animated the roving volunteer of Wallenstein's camp may still be found in the motley corps which compose an Austrian army ; and there are soldiers in it not a few, to whom—if their Govern ment had no money—half-a-year's run over Magyar Farms and homes would be a pleasant indemnity for 'he loss of regular pay. So much for the humanity is well as the political economy of the question. The matter is as clear as daylight. Mr. Cobden neither wishes to enlighten the ignorant, nor ware the poor, nor save Hungary • but simply to spite Austri a , by be ginning a system of which the end and scope would be CO subject every rich man's fortune and every banker's transaction to the caprice of mobs who have no money to lend and no credit to boast of. And what will be the upshot of his success? 'Why, that Austria will be devoted, hand, heart, and soul to Russia. The influence which the latter exercises over the former Power will become dominion. The great Imperial barrier of Eastern Europe will subside into part and parcel of the great Cossack empire. One-half of Europe will become Cossack in sympathies and in terests. Hungary, so far from being near her salva tion, will be irretrievably crushed, despite Mr. Cob den's private and particular knowledge respecting the finances of an Emperor, whose wholepeople would rush to battle for him if he called them. It is a pity Mr. Cobden and Lord Dudley Stuart should mar a good cause. Russia has acted wrongly and arrogantly— not in assisting an allied Government, for that is sanctioned by the law of nations—but in dictating terms to an inferior which she would not have proposed to an equal power. her design is detected. She aspires to give laws from the seat of the Byzantine Emperors, and to restore to the Mosque of St. Sophia its ancient worship. Happily , both the object which she has at heart, and the pre text by which she masks it, ar e o di ous an d o ff ens i ve to the English people. Our countrymen will neither connive at a double breach of hospitality and law, nor will they tamely see the Indian route of Alexander the Great opened to the Russian Caesar. Our sym pathies and our interests go together. We will not suffer even refugees whom we despise to be wrenched from the protecting arms of a feeble ally. We will not peril the glory and the fortunes of England by opening the path from Constantinople to Candahar to a new and barbarous ambition. Nor will we, as a people, content ourselves with words. Notwith standing the unpatriotic parsimony which would have robbed us of our armies and ,our ships, we still have a fleet which could blockade the whole Russian coast, and we have allies that will not leave us to fight the battle of the Sultan single-handed. Mr. Cobden may denounce loans as long as he likes. Such denunciations go for nothing. The people of England know that the moral sin of lend ing money to an ally is not greater than that of sel ling uniforms and weapons to a foe—a practice not rebuked by greater economists than Mr. Cobden. They know, too, how to measure the wisdom or the folly of taking shares in such a loan without asking Mr. Cobden's advice; and they repudi a t e th e med dling policy which, under the mask of a high morality, interferes with the legal exercise of per sonal liberty, and contravenes the first principles of common justice. They know, too, how to prize the sympathy which contents itself with words, but shrinks from action ; which pities the brave, but will not assist them; and, therefore, the only part of Mr. Cobden's address which will elicit universal assent is that in which he virtually recants all the favourite doctrines of the Peace Congress, and calls upon that noble service which he has so often vilified and aspersed to resist the aggressions of a powerful ambition, and maintain by its traditionary valour the glory of England and the independence of her threatened ally. CHRONICLE.—Tuesday, the 11th of September, was a memorable day for London; for then the tide of death, which had risen till the black funereal streams poured from every court and alley, and flooded every graveyard in the metropolis, first began to ebb. The number of daily victims, which on the 10th of that month had reached 432, sank on the 11th to 316, and the glad tidings went forth that the deadly pestilence was stayed. Those who before had sat trembling in their homes, lest their hearths should be the next to be desolated, felt as if they had been suddenly reprieved, and ate their food no longer in fear. And yet the well-housed and well-fed knew little of the real t e rr ors o f th e di sease . In their well drained and well-ventilated mansions they saw none of the miseries which the pestilence brought or left behind it; and it was not until they heard that it had carried off one of the Judges of the land—. that an eminent surgeon had been stricken down by it—or that some remote acquaintance of their own had fallen a prey to it, that they began to feel how fearful an affliction had come upon the country. Even when the infection did force its way into the snug, dry, and warm home, death was robbed of half its horrors. There the life taken involved not the living of a whole family—to slay one was not to starve the rest. The recent affliction has been ren dered doubly severe by the fact, that it has Visited those chiefly who could the least afford to meet it. The pestilnc- , has ravaged, not our parks, squares, and terraces, but the narrow courts and pent-up alleys of the metropolis. Had not the official reports assured us of this fact, the poverty-stricken character of the funerals, which for the last three months have I crowded and saddened our streets, would have told us that those whom it smote were among the poorest of the poor ; for the motley garb of the mourners, with the hired black cloaks thrown over their coloured clothes, showed that the friends of the wretched vic tims were generally too needy even to buy mourning. Who, then, shall be able to sum up the fearful amount of misery involved in the 13,000 deaths that have occurred in London, or the 20,000 in the country, within the last quarter of a year ? As yet, we have no authentic returns telling us how many, in a given number of cases, have fallen among the working classes ; but assuredly the proportion must have been so large, that we may saf e ly say th e epi demic has mad e almost as many paupers as it has made widows and orphans. If it has added upwards of thirty-three-thousand to our graveyards, it must have consigned nearly double that number to our work houses. Theory after theory has been put forward to explain the cause of this the most fearful of all epidemics, whose only symptom, in its most aggra vated form, it has been truly said is—death. Some have told us that cholera is ,due to the presence of a eymotic poison in the atmosphere—others have attri buted it to the prevalence of microscopic insects, similar to those which produce blight and smut in the vegetable kingdom. By the telluric theorists we are assured that it arises from some peculiar poisonous emanation from the earth, while chemical philoso , phers affirm that it proceeds from a want of electri city in the atmosphere. A few ascribe it to a defi ciency in the normal amount of ozone, while the latest discoveries would lead us to believe that its proximate cause lies in the germination of the sporules of some cryptogamous plant within the intestines. Be the proximate cause of the disease, however, what it may, it is an indisputable fact that the primary cause of the pestilence is to be found in the filth and squalor of the poor. However much some philoso phers may differ as to the peculiar nature of the influence directly producing the infection, at least all are agreed that, in the wretched, damp, and foetid homes of the lower orders, it is both developed and propagated. It is probable that the epidemic pro ceeds from the prevalence of certain annular bodies or organisms in the atmosphere ; but it is positively certain that the nidus of the disease is a deficiency of proper food and shelter, a want of pure air and of pure water. The cholera may be eccentric in its course : it may ravage only one bank of a river; and, as in the instance mentioned by Colonel Rowles, attack only one side of a ship. It may in its pro gress leave whole countries almost unscathed—as in the case of Hanover, Carinthia, and the Tyrol. Its spread at one time may be promoted by the heat of a tropical summer, and at another by the icy rigours of a Russian winter. Now it may rage, as at Delhi, during the rainy season, and now during the dry hot months, as at Bundelcund. It may spare isolated mountains in one country, and in another, as at Landour, attack places 8,000 feet above the sea. Here it may travel rapidly against the wind, and there spread as fast during a calm. In one capital, thunderstorms may accompany its out break, as at St. Petersburgh—in another they may attend its departure, as at Paris. Sometimes it may be ushered in by earthquakes, as at Madras—some times by inundations, as at Dacca. Still, notwith standing all its eccentricities and irregularities-- though it has raged in almost every variety of cli mate, and under every variety of atmospheric in fluence, and during every month of the year, from January to December--in one circumstance it has been unerring and invariable. Wheresoever want and filth have prevailed, there it has first manifested itself—wheresoever the people have been badly housed and badly fed, there it has ravaged with a tenfold virulence. The hard-worked and the poorly paid have been its certain victims. Many, looking to the final rather than to the proximate remote cause of the disease, have told us that the pestilence from which we are now escaping has been sent among us as a chastisement for our sins. But be our other national offences whatsoever they may, assuredly the one great point in which we, as a people, have transgressed, and for which we have lately suffered so severely, has been our gross and wanton neglect of the comforts of the poor. We have shut our eyes to the abomina tion and filth in which they live, and avoided, rather than sought to purify, the foetid atmosphere of their dwellings. The Designer of the Universe has or dained that not only our own health, but the health of those about us, should depend u p on th e c l ean li ness of our bodies a n d our homes—that the first condition of our lives should be the purity of the air which we imbibe and of the water which we drink. The ema nations from our persons have been made most offen• sive to our senses and imagination, as if to induce us to remove them from the immediate vicinity of our houses, while, in order to force us to do this, they have been further made to act as po'itive poisons to our systems. So wonderfully and beneficently, too, has this law been arranged, that those who, despite these injunctions, still continue to live amidst the pollution of their own bodies, are the first to fall victims to the poisonous ekluvium, and the disease, thus engendered, spreads from house to house, and so makes it the common interest of all to see that none infringe this the first law of our physical nature. And yet we, the richest nation on the face of the earth, have allowed our fellow-creatures to " fust" in styes, reeking with filth, such as farmers, now-a-days, know that swine would pine and dwindle in. We have allowed them, unheeded, to quench their thirst and cook their food with water poisoned with their own excretions. We have permitted them, uncared for, to be the prey of each petty capitalist who might think fit to wring a paltry independence out of their cruel necessities, and to give them roofless, floorless tenements, without drains, without water, without privies, and that for the self•satne sum which—it has been proved—would furnish them with well-built, well-aired, well-warmed, and well-drained dwellings. May it not have been wisely ordained that want and filth should be made a source of pestilence and death, lest we, lapping ourselves in the greedy and callous selfishness of our natures, should forget or spurn the miseries of our less fortunate brethren, and leave them to pine and rot unnoticed an d uncared for ? As there is no evil without its concomitant good, so do we devoutly believe that the late dreadful pestilence, though it has snatched 30,000 of our fellow-creatures from us, has nevertheless been attended with one great benefit. It has made us alive to our duty to our needy neighbours—speaking to to through the selfishness of our fears, if not through the nobler channel of our sympathies. BANK OF FRANCE. The following is a return of the situation of the Bank of France up to Oct. 4:— ASSETS. Cash and ingots ... Ditto in branch banks ... Bills past due ••• ••• ••• Bills falling due in Paris, of which 16,308,4721. are from the branch banks ... .. ... ... 43,209,055 8 Bills in the branch banks ..• ••• 78,418,057 00 Advances on coins and ingots... ... 6,600,600 00 Ditto by the branch banks ... ... 283.126 00 Ditto on French public securities ... 20,432,036 10 Ditto by branch banks... ... ... 1,327,605 00 Ditto to tho State on Bons du Tresor... 50,000,000 00 Ditto on the loan of 150 millions ... 50,000,000 00 Rentes of the reserve fund ... ... 10,000,000 00 Rentes, disposable funds ... ... 42,581,488 13 Investments of the new branch banks in ' the public funds ..- ... f. 2136,178,870 97 . . 137,807,905 00 218,895 70 ... 12,779,541 39 4,000,000 00 2,587,000 00 200,000 00 Hotel and furniture of the Bank Real property of the branch banks ... Interest in National Discount Bank ... Ditto branch banks ... Bills protested at Paris Ditto at the branches ... Expenses of administration of the Bank Ditto of the branches ... Miscellaneous Advance to the department of the Seine ... ... •• • ... ... 230,000 00 ..„ 3,414,301 27 2,390,437 00 318,061 72 276,574 00 284,718 70 3,000,000 00 Loan of 3,000,000 f. to the city of Mar seilles ... 1,075,000 00 f. 737,613,273 6 TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SlR,—Considerable attention of late years has been directed, by scientific men, to the phrenological deve lopments of great criminals; some very just and im portant remarks have been made on the subject, and some striking manifestations certainly have been occasionally furnished—though we unquestionably think that many of the representations made in so positive and absolute a manner should be received with great caution, and with considerable limitation. his il.s, t l t Wilson, headon appears,wvaas e xecuted t hat, t o k t aken, n h " w en and at that h h La e ti atrociousvplearrtepesoeonlied only som onee strikingcast developments. It is stated that he had, according to Spurzheim's technical, or as many deem it, scientific phraseology, " amativeness, combativeness, destructiveness, secre tiveness, self-esteem, and firmness, very large ; acqui sitiveness large, and love of approbation full." The region of the moral sentiments was both low and narrow. The organ of ideality was most strik ingly deficient, thus leaving the character utterly unrelieved in its grossness. The cincipital part of the head was in the form which an idiot's head might be expected to assume. The organs of the perceptive faculties were tolerably well developed ; but those of the reflective powers were very small. The tempera ment is represented as having been a combination of "the sanguineous and the bilious"—a most unfavour able one, as giving the greatest activity, permanency, and strength, to the manifestations of the predomi nating animal propensities. Now, granting that all this is phrenologically cor rect, and admitting, as we ingenuously do, that phre nology has made some singular disclosures, and that it is, by no means, as many tell us, to be disregarded and despised, ought not its representations to be care fully weighed, and to be received with great caution, in connexion with moral tendencies, and positively necessary tendencies, arising out of physical confor mation, and particularly the structure and appearances of the skull? We would not ridicule, nor would we idly disbelieve, still we consider that, in reference to these points, very great caution is requisite. We have examined the casts of more than one atrocious criminal, and hare not found the develop ments which we expected ; sometimes very different have been presented. If the statements of phrenologists be absolutely credited, it was necessary for Wilson to be a murderer, and one certainly of the vilest and most atrocious character; that in consequence of the phrenological developments, there would necessarily be " the cun ning of the fox, and the violent, savage, and ruthless passion of the hyena." But is it, we ask, really, necessarily, invariably so ? Is a man, because he has similar structural develop ments, compelled to commit murder, and murder of the vilest kind ? Would such a combination of phrenological mani festations necessarily, and in every instance, lead to the perpetration of foul crime ? Have early training, the omission of early moral discipline, the abandon ment or the forgetfulness of religion, nothing what ever to do with it ? We would not indulge, as many superior men do, in unqualified remarks opposed to phrenology as a science, or pour forth any raillery., because ',e consider that there is much truth and force in tome of its representations ; still we cannot help thinking that they are carried very often, in the case of criminals, a great deal too far. Phrenological developments may often communicate much, or pre dict much ; sill, in regarding these, we would not lose sight if moral causes—the want of early atten tion, early education, early discipline and restraint-- the neglect of inculcating those sen timents of morality and Christianity, by regarding which all crime would be avoided, whatever its comparative insignificance, as well as those enormous offences whose penalty is the gibbet. We oft consider that these points are much lost sight of by able phrenologists. They are so unqua lified in their a•smrtions, and so enthusiastic in their devotion to their favourite science, that everything must be made to square with it—everything must be subservient to it, and even moral and religious consi derations are passed by, as matter comparatively un deserving of attention and regard. We would, in conclusion, observe that phrenology cannot be utterly disbelieved, still it cannot be abso lutely credited. Its statements on moral &velop ments, particularly, often demand great caution. I remain, Sir, yours, &c., Bridport. T. W. TESTIMONIAL TO THE HUNGARIAN REFUGEES. " THE HUNGARIAN NATION COUNTS ON THE SYMPATHY OF EVERY NATION WHICH LoWEs RIGHT AND Ll- BERTT. " —Kossuth's Protest against Russian interven- Subscriptions may be sent to the following bankers:— Messrs. Coutts and Co. Messrs. Drummond. Messrs. Smith, Payne, and Smith ; or to any one of the members of the committee formed to carry out the Testinsori a t. * * *All further Post-office orders to be made payable to Muni() Young, Esq., at the Money Order Office, Strand. Subscriptions already received ... £1,106 19 14 ROYAL SAPPERS AND .MINERS.—WOOLWICII, OCT. B.—lntelligtnco was received at head-quarters here this morning of a serious accident which occurred at Sand hurst on Saturday last, by which Sergeant Cameron, of the Royal Sappers and Miners, was severely hurt, and a private of the same corps much injured. Sergeant Cameron, in the performance of his duty as an instructor of the cadets studying at the Royal Artillery College at Sandhurst, in order to illustrate the manner in which stockades are destroyed, had a small one constructed. While in the act of approaching the spot where the pow der was placed, to ignite the slow match with the port fire which he had previously lighted and was carrying i i his hand, the explosion of the whole charge, 1( lb. weight of powder, took place, and he 12,d his right alai blown off, his eyes driven out of his bead, and his lower jaw so shattered, that it fell down on his breast; and he was altogether so dreadfully injured, that no hope was held out that ho could survive, although he was not dead when the bearer of the intelligence left Sandhurst. The private, who was at a short distance from him, escaped with less injury nicht.,iansheo, rotlyld-astfrteeret,eisgth.tLou'kcleo,sc,k,wtehree FIRE AT THE CHARTERED G AS WORKS, ST. Lux greatly i nhabit ants alarmofedß, Brick-lane, to the sudd en out b reak of a fire upon the above extensive premises. The flames origi nated from an escape of gas in what is termed the purifying-house, a building not more than twenty-seven yards square. It was happily confined to that portion of the works where it began. ROBBERY OF THE COMMUNION SERVICE OF ALL SAINTS, PADDINGTON. —On Sunday evening some thieves got possession of the co mmun i on se,vicebelong ing to the church of All Saints, Paddington, and at present no clue has been obtained by the police of the valuable property. SUICIDE THROUGH A SMASHER —For some time past a poor, but respectable, man, named James Horatio Nelson Miles, aged torty-three, endeavoured to procure for himself and family a subsistence by basket making. One day last week he came across a smasher, who passed off upon him a bad half-crown, which greatly affected his spirits, for, trifling as it was, it was to him a severe loss. Speaking of the occurrence, and of his poverty, he said, " That when be died his body would be carried to the grave in one of Mr. Darke's dust carts." On Monday he was found dead in his workshop, with his throat cut, and a razor, the blade of which was secured to the h; nte by a string, firmly rrasped in his hand. A coroner s jury returned a verdict of Insanity. SAIINDERSFOOT, OCT. 6.—The Princess Royal, Car digan, for earniff, has put in here leaky, and must dis charge. YARMOUTH. OCT. 6.—The Grace, London to Leith, got on the Gunfieet Sand this morning, came off very leaky, and was abandoned; crow saved. LIABILITIEC. Capital . . f. 67,900,000 00 Ditto of the Branch Banks ... ... 23,350,000 00 Reserve fund 10,000,000 00 Ditto of the branch banks 2,980,750 00 Reserve-immobiliere 4,000,000 00 Notes to bearer, in circulation ••• 377,478,300 00 Ditto of the branch banks ••• .•• 57,472,500 00 Ditto to order (post-bills) ••• ••• 880,217 95 Account-current with Treasury creditor 52,087,076 2U Various accounts current .•• ... 85,224,645 62 Ditto in branches ••• ••• ••• 28,928,662 00 Bills payable paatybar b a i necahtes3 i g ht ••• ••• ••• 7,927 ,000 00 .•• ..• ... 1 ,827,926 00 Bills the o ß f ae th k e bra nch ... 7,3 . 23,006 74 Ditto of the Bank payabl e by branches.. 3,916,795 00 Dividends payable ..• . . ... 434,513 25 Liquidation of the Algiers Bank ... 160,982 99 Discounts, interest, and exnense 2 Br 7 245 39 r s ... , J , Ditto branch banks ... ... ... 1,178,086 00 Re - discounts of th e l as t s i x months ... 143,693 49 Ditto in br anc h banks .. ..• ... 321,562 00 Miscellaneous ... ... ... ... 1,220,310 43 f. 737,613,273 6 Certified by the Governor of the Bank of France, D'ARGOUT A noble Irish Earl, whose family hare been seated in Munster for two centuries, is now living in a small house in the outskirts of an Engli4h watering-place, while grass grows in the courts of Ws splendid ancestral mansion•-Somerset Gazette. RESCUE OF SIR J. FRANKLIN. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SIR,—I have addressed a copy, of the follow ing to the First Lord of the Admiralty ; should you think it worthy of notice, perhaps you would give it publicity in your widely-circulated paper. I am, &c. G. SHEPHERD, C.E TILE RIGHT LION SIR F. BARING, BART., FIRST LORD C.E. OF THE AD3IIRALT7. Sir,—l trust your Lordship will excuse the liberty I have taken in addressing you, bat in the year 1844 I witnessed an experiment on the Danube river. A mere shell was exploded under the ice, which was nearly four feet in thickness. The effect it produced was terrific; large masses of ice were forced in all directions, or, in other words, rendered the space where the explosion had taken place completely navigable. 111 y object for informing your Lordship of this circumstance is for the rescue of Sir J. Franklin and his compa nions by the same means. I beg to suggest that two or more ships should be sent out, with suitable canes or charges of gunpowder or gun cotton, varying in power to suit the various thicknesses of the ice ; holes could be bored through the ice, the charges inserted, and fired by means of safety fusees. it is obvious that, from the incompressive state of the water and the brittle nature of the ice, that the above means might be employed in making a road (infinitely better than ice sawing) for the gallant adventurers to return to,their friends. I beg to tender my ser vices to your Lordship, should the above means be deemed advisable, to join any expedition for the above purpose. Judging from the above experiment, I have no hesitation in saying that from 10 to 15 miles per day could be effected, and this with trifling amount of labour. I have the honour to be your Lordship's most obedient servant, G. SitzrusxD, C.E. 26, Fleet-street, Oct. 6, 1849. TILE PHRENOLOGICAL DETELOPMENT OF THE HEAD OF THE MURDERER WILSON. T tIESDA Y