The Sun. — London, England, 1855-11-10 00:00:00

FURNISHED HOUSE.—To be LET, situated j in one of the best streets, close to Warwick-square, Belgrave- road, containing drawing-rooms, dining and breakfast rooms, six bedrooms, including servants' room, excellent kitchen and cellar accommolation, with convenient pantries. The furniture is good, having been only a short time in use. The house will be let for three months at the rate of 300/. a-year, or for six months at the rate of 2501. a-year, or for nine months at the rate of 2001. a-year, and will be found likely to suit any family requir i ng a moderate town residence for either of these periods. Applications in writing may be addressed to No. 20, parliament treet, Westminster. London, Nov., 1855. MJIILLIEN'S CONCE RTS. - R O YAL • ITALIAN OPERA, COVENT -GARDEN.—Sixth appear 'wee of Madame Gassier. —Th e Programme for T IS EVENING (Saturday, Nov. 10) will include hoven's Overture, Egmont ; Ernan i ; the Larghetto from Beethoven's Symphony from . l . l ,th non °lunge," and " Una Voce," sung by ►Madame Gassier; the Andante from Roar Albert's Swiss Symphony ; M. lullien's New Valse, La Belle do Village ; Solo, Flute, by Herr Reichert the British Army Quadrille (for the last time but two), assisted by the military Bands ; Grand Operatic Selection from Don Giovanni ; Solo, Trombone, by Mr. Winterbottom ; the Allegro Vivace from Men delssohn's Scotch Symphony ; the Moldavian Schotisehe ; Solo, Oboe, Lavigne; Galop, Zonave Pas de Course ; God Save the Queen ; partant pour la Syrie, &c. Prices of admission :—Promenade, upper boxes, amphitheatre stalls and amphitheatre, Is. ; dress circle, 2s. 6d, ; private boxes, 12s , 11. Is., and 1/. I Is. 6d. Places and private boxes to be had at the box-omen of the theatre, and of the principal musicsellers and librarians. N.B.—The theatre being let at Christmas for dramatic performances, the Concerts can continue for one month mere only. THEATRE ROYAL, HAYMARKET. Under the Management of Mr. Buckstono. TFIIB EVENING, Will be performed SITE STOOPS TO CONQUER. Characters by Messrs. Chippendale, Howe, Compton ; Miss Swanborougb, Miss Neville, Miss A. Vining. Followed by TILE LITTLE TREASURE. To conclude with LODGINGS FOR SINGLE GENTLEMEN. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE, OXFORD-STREET. Under the Management of Mr. Mann Exam. THIS EVENING Will be presented THE WONDERFUL WOIIAN. Characters by Messrs. F. Matthews, D. Fisher, Cathcart, Everett, and Miss Heath. After which, THE HEIR AT LAW. To conclude with A GAME OF ROMPS. THEATRE ROYAL A.DELPHI. Proprietor, Mr. B. Webster.—Directress, Madame Celeste. UPS EVENING, Will be performs! TIM win r 1131t3F. OF TtlE PEPPER S. Gerald Pepp T. Mr. !Judson; supported by Messrs. Moreland, I'. Bedford. Phelim, Miss Kate Kelly; Magaelenl, Miss Laidlaw ; Agatha, Miss Wyndham. vollswed by VALENTINE AND ORSON. After which, the Farce of THE £(O3 N9TE. ROYAL LYCEUM' THEATRE. Lessee, Mr. J. 11. Anderson, IS, Norfolk-street, Strand. Increased Attractions, and success in equal ratio I AND EVERY EVENING, at Eight o'Clock, preiented, with entirely New and IfaTnitleent Appoint mints, MAGIC and MrATERY, in twelve acts, arranged in two puts, by Professor Anderson. After which:the startil*n ilinstritions of Spirit-Rapping. HALF AN-1-10UFL WITII TFIG SPIEIT4, being the most surprising and interesting series of experiments ever given within the walls of any theatre. Revival, in an improved form, of the astounding novelty whi.dd startled London 10 years ago, the GREAT GUN TRICK I Prices of admission:—Private Boxes, 11. Its. 61. and IL Is. ; Orchestra Stalls, 45.: Dress Boxes, 35.; Upper Boxes, 25.; Pit, Is.; Gallery, 61. No Half-price. Box-oalee open from 11 to 5 dilly. Grand Morninz Performance on Salutelay Next at Tyre o'Clock Doors open at Half-past One. ROYAL OLYMPIC THEATRE. F.YEITING, Will be performed THE SCHOOL FOR SCANDAL. Characters by Messrs. Emery, F. Vining, G. Vining, A. Wigan, Robson, ; Mr 3. A. Wigan, Mrs. Stirling, and Misses Castleton, Marston, and Bromley. Followed by CATCHING A MERMAID. ZOYAL STRAND "23EATRE. Under the direction of lir. Payne. T 1113 EVENINfi Will be !Infirm I Till 7; RIGPICKEII OF PARP, Followed by NITOCRIS. To conclude with TILE LADIES' CLUB. ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE. Lessee and Manager, Mr. Wm. Csoke. THIS EVENING, The vivid and tremendously real Spectacle, The FALL of SEBAS TOPOL ! After which the JEUX EQUESTRES DE L'ARENE, or Acts in the Circle, with that miraculous feat, Mr. J. 11. Cooke's Sant du Pont, or night of the Bridges. To conclude with a BALLET D'ACTION, with a variety of Prin cipal and other Dances, by artistes of celebrity. ifox-oltico open fr,ma Eleven till Four. Stage Manager, Mr. W. Wes% Equestrian Dirmtar, At' 7. jun. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. TrIIR DAY—Morn. 58 min. aft. I—Evening 16 min. aft. 2 TJ-Monßow—Morn.3 L min.aft. 2—Evening47 min. aft. 2 THE WEATHER.-SIIN OFFICE, NOV. 10. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 55—highest since noon yesterday. 51—lowest this morning and during the night. 57 —this day at noon. BAROMETER, 29'9G—rising, aguiu. WIND, S.W.—Light, with fine sunshiny weather. Ott 4 ' 7 4N# 911 6 er x.,„; ri t i 7 ,5 'Ant LONDON, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 10, 1855. Sir COLIN CAMPBELL is about to return home. The General, who has pre-eminently and most deservedly obtained the confidence of the entire army—who has been actively engaged from the very commencement of the Russian War, and had previously served with the highest distinction in various parts of the world—is about to sheathe his sword for the present, and to retire into pri vate life. This is a misfortune of no ordinary character. The iron constitution that could endure the utmost privations and labours—the apparent insensibility to danger that rendered him as calm and collected during the most . perilous operations as if he were merely on parade—the genuine kindliness that endeared him to every soldier under his command, were all qualifications of no ordinary value for the very highest post within the power of the Government to bestow. His absence from the army, with whom he is so justly popular, on any account whatsoever, may be regarded as a national calamity, and the more se, if, as more than hinted by the Times, it has been occasioned by the wanton insult offered in the promotion over his head of a junior officer, who had not men a tithe of the service he bad rendered, an d whose qualifications and claims were far in ferior to his own. The Times, even w hile a ttacking him for re turning borne, has borne trite testimony t o hi s high qualifications. It says—" Sir Court will be au irreparable loss to the army. . His gallant con duct in action, his vigilance, his carelessnes s of fatigue and exposure, were an example we can ill afford to miss, especially in so young, and, we fear we must add, so indifferently organised an army." In this well-merited eulogium, and in the great and irreparable loss to the service, We fully and completely concur. But these matters should have been earlier thought of, before the insult and injury were inflicted, and the favourite promoted over the head of the meritorious candi date, at the instance of the secret, irresponsible, and unc onstitutional influence that regulates the affairs ' of the Ilene Guards. It °next to have been known that Sir COLIN CAMPBELL could not have submitted to the slight, and continued to serve under his fortunate and kilmy-patroni3ed j mn • or- 'Whatever may be the custom in other armies, it has been the con stant practice in our own, and, in accordance with the invariable precedent in such ca ses , th e retirement of Sir COLIN CAMPBELL is the inevit able consequence of the promotion o f Sir WILL IAM COLIRINGTON. Tile evil, then, has been entirely oacasioned by the course adopted by the concealed Coximhader-id.Chief, and he must sustai n the edihm. { of its natural result. It,is..efated, in a very clear and able latter from, an "ex:eas‘alry' Officer to a contemporary, which we- liege extracted : into this day's impression, that his return home on leave during a portion of the winter was projected by him before the new C "arnander-in-Chief's appointnaent was madeknown`" The writer has apparently oorrect inf ormation , an d sho u ld h e b e cor rect in. the presynt statement,, it furnishes the only possibl e . : apology for the nomi nation 'of ''Sir - - ; although e ven assinning it to be so,-itismereiy a n eaten », 1,9 tiun, not a jii.ilifitiation of the at er- The offer should. certainly have been made' to Sir COLIN, and even if he were compelled to reject it, it would be but a just tribute of respeot to his very distinguished services. We believe, how ever, that under such circumstances the gallant soldier would have at once responded to the appli cation, and sacrificed all private considerations and private business, however urgent, to the call of duty, and that his invaluable services would still bo available in his country's cause. It cannot, however, be deniedthat, acccording to the military usages of Great Britain, and we cannot look to those of other nations, he has re ceived a very gross affront ; and that, putting aside all other considerations, he owed it to him self to retire. What General CANBOBERT may have done is totally beside the question. The cases are by no means analogous—partly because the appointment of a comparative junior to high command is by no means unusual in the French army, but chiefly because it was not a junior that was placed over , his head, but , an officer in every respect his superior, who was not merely his senior, but had far greater experience than himself. For these reasons the return of General CANROBERT to a subordinate command, for a very brief period, was by no means astonishing. It certainly does not constitute an example which Sir COLIN CAMPBELL is bound to follow, or by which he should be in any degree influenced. As to the supposed rewards bestowed on this dis tinguished officer, we must wholly deny the insinua tion of the Times. For the Alma, for Balaklava, when he literally saved the Allied Armies, and for all his subsequent exploits, he has received no reward. He was appointed a Major-General in June, exactly three months before the battle of the Alma, and that had been fully earned for previous services. He will return to England a Major-General—the same as he went to the Crimea, the local rank of Lieutenant-General ceasing on his departure from the country for which it was granted. We, therefore, although deeply deploring the retirement of Sir CoLIN CAMPBELL, cannot feel in any degree surprised thereat. The loss to the country must rest on those who are fairly responsible therefor, Field Marshal Viscount HARDINGE and —.-- another, who really controls and manages the affairs at the Horse Guards, according to his mere will and pleasure, and without duo consideration for the interests of Great Britain. It is dffiicult to understand the Times appro bation of the appointment of Sir W. CODRINOTON, when we consider that he was intrusted with the management of the attack of the Redan on the Bth of September, against which the Times was so furious, and which induced it to demand the recall of General SIMPSON, although it now hails the promotion of the party who made " the mull," as it was termed, on the occasion. The Manchester operatives will, no doubt, have plenty of good advice vouchsafed to them now there is some danger of a strike ; they will be re minded of the grand battle at Preston, and its deplorable results, and admonished not to Lazard a conflict with their masters. In the meeting which we reported yesterday may be noticed an air of moderation in the more influential speakers, which, if it be but preserved, must be attended with good results. Even at the present stage, however, the leaders would do well to consider the propriety of sending deputations to induce the workmen of a manufacturer to give legal notice to quit their work. It need not be denied that, in any large manufactory, the workmen cannot fairly be regarded as individuals only, They are, as a body, essential to carrying on the business ; the secession of any considerable number, or any section of the whole who do a particular part of the work, would stop all the other hands in the mill ; hence, they comprise a fellowship and unity, and their interest as a body is to get the highest wages they can, while it is their masters' to pay the lowest. The master is one party, his work people are the other party, and it seems fair they should, as composing a party, consult for their common interest. The delicate point is to avoid coercion. No man who does not like working for less than 20s. per week, has any reasonable right to say to another, you shall not work for 19s. One man, by his habits, may live batter ou the smaller sum than his companion on the larger one, and might think it much more to his interest to take the smaller sum than to tramp the streets till he and his employer could agree. The other replies, true ; but, by taking the lower wages, you compel me to take lower wages too. By no means, we rejoin ; since, if your master wants you as woll as him, ho must give you your term; as well as him his—unless, indeed, other men are willing to fill your place at 19s. ; and if they are, we ask-4By what right do you hinder them from selling their labour at a price which they think it their interest to take Evidently in that case labour is to be had at a lower price than you ask, and, like all others who have anything to sell, your masters included, you must take what you can get for your article. We acknowledge, and we deeply feel, the trial to the operative accustomed to spend all his wages when wages begin to fall. But he should bear in mind two things : that no power on earth can depress wages if masters have full or superabun dant profitable employment for men, and that nothing can keep them up long if masters are losing at the actual rate of wages. This could only issue eventually in putting their masters into the Gazette, and throwing their ]ands in throngs into the streets. A second truth which the work ing classes are very slow to learn, and for even mentioning which they generally abuse their best friends, is, that no workman in decent employ ought to spend all his wages. Those of them who read our journal must know how strenuously we legislative restricti on o f have a l wa ys resi s t e d any their pleasures ; but, on the other hand, we as plainly tell them that every man in full work who will not restrict h is own p lea sures must be a beg gar or a great sufferer when work i s scarce and ill paid. The workman , as well as the middle-cl ass man, who saves nothing, or who has no b alance x to meet the variations inevit able to hum an affairs, must be ever and anon "a distressed operati ve. " There is no royal road to independence. for the lucky few who are born tothesil Except for spoon, silver self-denial and saving something is the only means of independence. Were the operatives of Man chester able to live on their savings till prices rose, and did they (which would be unlikely in a. community of money savers) think well to be out of work rather than work for less, they would at leastbe in a position to do so. At the risk of giving offence we must repeat our adsiee to the operatives not to think of a contest with their masters till they have, say for ten years at least, practised the self-denial whisk shall put soma few p oun d s i nto their pockets— Into their own po c k e t s we mean, not into the trea sury of a society for coercing masters—of whose leaders they are to be the blind tools. When work people will learn not to squander their money in drink, or attempts to ape the dress of their mas ters and masters wives, or luxuries in eatine, and drinking which those who occupy houses paying three times their rent would deem extra vagance, then, indeed, and not till then, will work_ ing men be independent. We speak from personal knowledge of the habits of those to whom we write. We have, in years gone by, enjoyed a pleasant cup of tea with a Scotch workman who had been unemployed long enough to have sent an Englishman to the . poor-house half-a-dozen times over. To our surprise at the family com fort the answer was that he had made it a rule when at work always to lay by something. On the other hand we have called in at operatives who in a turn-out had come begging to our door, desirous to relieve their wants, and found them indulging themselves and children with such luxuries of diet as we should never think of per mitting to our own family. - We repeat, the workmen have much to learn from the respectable classes on questions of personal indulgence, and till they do learn, they can never rise as a class from their present condition. It is the common complaint of most respectable families that their servants have been brought up at home in habits of self-indulgence, in respect to food especially, which actually renders the kitchen discontented with the fare of the parlours. How, with such habits, are the working classes to mend their con dition ? " Hope deferred Inaketh the heart sick." When will Government do justice to our gallant and brave officers who have shed their blood and are daily risking their lives in the Crimea for the honour and glory of their country ? By a letter which appears in another part of our paper, it willbe seen that by far the largest proportion of the promotions in the Sebastopol brevet has fallen to the lot of the ever-fortunate class of staff officers who invariably get the lion's share of the honours that are going. It is really too bad. Laborious, self-sacrificing merit that, in a free commercial country like ours, should have the best chance of rising, has actually not a tithe of the prospect of doing so as is held out to the officers of our barbaric and despotic enemy. Let but an unknown youth with some unpronounceable name but gallantly defend a Russian battery, or come off credits ably from a skirmish with the Allies, and he is surer of promotion than if he belonged to the staff of the Emperor. But let a brave Euglish veteran undergo without flinching the most incredible hardships, and his career at all times be characterised by the most determined acts of valour, and his claims to pro motion are regarded as feeble compared with those of some aristocratic minion of the staff, who hardly, it may be, knows the smell of gunpowder. The knowledge of this deplorable fact cannot but have a depressing influence on the clam which suffers by it, and it redounds greatly to their honour that, notwithstanding so powerful a draw back on exertion, they husband their lives as little as though a field-marshal's baton were within their grasp. It is quite possible, indeed, that their self•devotion is not merely overlooked, but operates as their bane at the Horse Guards. But there is no honest and intelligent Englishman, who considers the subject at all, but must feel that ib entitles them to a profounder sympathy and a deeper gratitude than they could challenge under more advantageous circumstances. The present instance of injustice is exceedingly flagrant and peculiarly ungracious. If at any previous period regimental (dicers were warranted in looking for their fair share of promotion with some degree of confidence, it was now, after the fall of Sebastopol--in contributing to which they had immortalised themselves. If ever poor, patient, regimenttll,FoLtu in hope of being duly recognieied, it surely was at a tithe when the whole world rung with its fame, and marks o: distinction were showered on the heads of not more deserving brothers in arms by an appre ciating Commander and a grateful SOVEREIGN. If it did, how cruel has been the disappointment Of the entire number of promotions, nearly one fourth has been awarded to the staff. Of all the regimental officers who beveled our brave troops to victory, not one has been deemed worthy of pro motion to a colonelcy that honour has been reserved for a member of the staff ; while of the thirty officers promoted to a lieu tenant-colonelcy, no fewer than seven belong to that highly-favoured class. About an equal dis proportion has been adopted with regard to ma jorities, twenty staff officers being elevated to the rank of major, to sixty-six regimental. The dis proportion is too glaring for minute comment ; it tells so unmistakeably ita own tale that the dullest understanding must be outraged by it. One individual of aristocratic connection has, it will be seen, received his promotion for one month's active service ; another, not less fortu nate, has been promoted over the heads of ten of his brother officers, one of whom has served 21 years on full pay ; a third—the lucky Lieute nant-Colonel S. BROWNRIGO, Grenadier Guards— has got the only colonelcy conferred, though there *ere not fewer than 39 lieutenant-colonels serv ing in the Crimea his seniors, many of whom have been wounded, and one 15 y ears l onger in the service ! Well may "Au Old Field Officer" remark, " We have here a splendid speci men of selection by merit ! Faugh ! merit in deed ! Let an officer be first cousin to a nobleman', butler, and his merit will be more conspicuous than if he were a BAYARD." Quite in keeping with this specimen of Horse Guards injustice is the scandalous oversight of the claim 'of the gallant volunteers from the Highland regiments, to whose daring the discovery of the evacuation of the sedan, and the rescue of hundreds of the un fortunate wounded from destruction, were owing. No testimonial of their gallantry and devotion on that occasion has been thought necessary for them. Indeed, the present system would seem to be in tended only for the aristocracy, all other claims being treated as unwarranted and intrusive. There is one consolation, however : such a system cannot possibly last. But, in the meantime, what 1604- aches, what wrongs are being inflicted on our gallant defenders ! " When," we repeat, " will Government do our regimental officers justice ?" In conclusion, we would express our perfect con currence in the remarks of "An Old Field Officer" on the hardship of the custom of not allowing brevet promotion to descend lower than the rank of captain ; and, failing its abrogation, in his suggestion that every year of active service should be permitted to count as three. Nothing can be more reasonable or more just. A Cabinet Council was held yesterday afternoon at Pal merston, the Lord; George Grey, the Earl of i23 ch w a as attended by Viscount the Foreign-offiee. llor, Earl Granville, Sir Right Clarendon, Lord Panmure, Sir Charles Wood,. and the The Council sat two hours and Royal !quarter. Ron. R. Vernon Smith. town n" on Tuesday Highness next, attended g n e d e w r s i itla leave his the Duke of by Colonel Tyrwhitt, for Paris, on a visit to the Em peror Napoleon. Viscount Palmerston arrived in t Ca l in V b e rid u own yesterday from his seat, Broadlands, Hants. The King of Sardinia, it is expected, w ill in England in about th ree weeks fr om the present arrive The Duke of Newcastle was at Soukkum ICaT e el; o the 12th ult. lie had p reviousl y visited Anapa and Soujak Kahl]. Oat of the 37 refugees expelled from Jersey, 22 have taken up their residence in Guernsey and 15 in England. The Bishop of Lincoln is announced to have a new work in the press, with the title, " The Church of Ohribt during the first Three Centuries. THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY. EVitNING NOVEMBER 10, 1855 LATEST NEWS. ---+- MARSEILLES, SATURDAY MORNING. The Jourdain, with advices from Constanti nople of the Ist, and of the Crimea of the 30th, has arrived. She brings 240 invalids. Her despatches w: leave at 1 p.m. Fifty ships, laden with corn, have entered the port. DANTZIC, Nor. 9 The Vulture has arrived from Nargen, which place she left on the 6th ; the cruisers alone re main, the other vessels are on the return. The weather is rough, with occasional snow-storms. Nothing new. ST. PETERSBURG, THURSDAY, Despatches have arrived from Prince Gortscha,- koff which state that the allied forces have not undertaken any new operations in the Crimea, but that a considerable number of vessels are lying off Kamiesch. VIENNA, OCT. 8. The latest news from Trieste speaks of an amelioration in the state of the Archduke Ferdi. nand Maximilian. MADRID, OCT. 8. The Cortes have adopted the ensemble of the Northern Railway Bill ; the first four articles of the Constitution ; and a great part of the bill on military substitutes. OPERATIONS ON THE DNIEPER. NICOLAIEFF, OCT. 30, 9.10 P. m. Since yesterday the number of the enemy's vessels near Kinbourn Spit has further diminished, and is now reduced to 53. These vessels continue to take troops on board, and wei - leinirk - that there are not nearly so many tents at the camp upon the Spit. These signs seem to indicate an early departure of the Allies from this point, if not altogether, at least with the greater part of their effective forces. The vessels which are laden, and those which have quitted the fleet, have alike sailed west wards. NICOLAIEFF, Oar. 31, 10.50 P.M. The camp on the Spit of Kinbourn, between the suburb and the fortress, has been broken up by the enemy. It is still impossible to determine exactly the strength of the garrison they hare loft in Kin- bourn. Their light vessels, though in smaller number, continue at their anchorage in the Bay of Ocza kat, or cruise in the Liman, entering the embou chure of the Bong and Dnieper, and taking soundings, but without ascending very far up those rivers, or even to the points they reached when they first appeared. The fleet, the number of which is again slightly decreased since yesterday, is moored in the same position. FRANCE. PARIS, FRIDAY EvErazina. The Minister of Marine has received the follow• ing despatch from Admiral Bruat 4 4 MONTEBELLO, 27th Oct. " Monsieur le Ministre—l have already had the honour of informing your Excellency that soon after the surrender of Kinbourn I sent to the eastward of the Spit all the gun-boats and mortar ttesseli which formed part of the expedition. Rear-Admiral Pellion, under whose orders I had placed these vessels, divided them intotwo columns. He himself took the command of that which was to go up the Bong and sent the other column, principally composed of gun-boats, under the com mand of M. de Kersauson, his first aide-de-camp, to reconnoitre the mouths of the Dnieper. After having advanced as far as the point of Volojsk, Rear-Admiral Pellion returned on board the Asmodee to direct the movements which were going on in the roadstead of Kinbourn, leaving the flotilla at the disposal of Sir Houston Stewart. The arrangements made by that officer led to a very advantageous result. While the divisions of gun boats guarded the entrances of the Boug and of the Dnieper, the small boats reconnoitered all the chan nels, which as high up as Stanisloff form a number of well wooded islets divided in every direction by the branches of the Dnieper. After five days' re search, the allied flotilla succeeded in capturing and bringing to Kinbouru au immense raft of tim ber intended for the arsenal of Nicolaieff. This raft, which is composed of oak and elm, is 854 feet long, 60 wide, and 6 deep, it is a val ua bl e pr i ze f or the allied navies, and a very serious loss for the enemy. BRIIAT." Tho Moniteur contains a decree, founded on a report from the Minister of War, granting a con cession of 600 hectares (about 1,500 acres) of land in the subdivision of Oran to M. J. J. Dupuy, landed proprietor of Sorges (Dordogne), and M. J. Dupuy, his brother, physician at the Civil Hospital of Oran, on the usual conditions imposed on colonists in Algeria. The diplomatic difficulties between Piedmont and Tuscany are nearly arranged. M. Buel has thought proper to give certain explanations on the dictatorial language of the Cabinet of Vienna, which the Sardinian Government has equally thought proper to accept. Probably M. Sauli will return, and Tuscany will send a Minister to Turin, A Russian spy has been arrested in Paris, and impprtant papers have been discovered in his pos session*, The Moniteur de la Flotte publishes the follow ing from Kinbourn, of the 25th ult. : " The repairs of the fortress are going on with great activity, and the troops which are to form its garrison will soon be permanently resident there. By a decision of the Admiral Commanding-in- Chief, Captain Paris, on the 23d, assumed the chief command of the army at Kinbourn and of the naval division before the port. He will hoist his flag on board the Vautour. Captain Paris will still ret a i n the command of the Fleurus, line-of-battle-ship, Rwhaticahillowt. will be According t commanded o the ad interim Capt a i n order of Admiral Bruat, the naval force of Kinbourn will be com posed of the three floating batteries, Devastation, Lave, and Tonnante ; four Ist class gun. boats, Fleche, Alarms, Grenade, and Flame ; two smaller gun-boats, Bourrasque, and Rafale ; the mortar vessel Vautour ' • the steam-corvette Milan ; th e small steamer Lucifer, and the corvette-transport Provincale." THE BOURSE—Nev. 9. Cash. fr. e. End of Month. 41. per Cents °o -- L -- e. 3 per Cents 6l 75 GI 75 New Loan 65 60 Bank Shares 3195 Roman Credit Mobilier 1162 50 Austrian Belgian Fives 93k Spanish Threes 3B Piedmontese B4 75 Home Dobt 341 .... A .._ CABS . (, . , itILWAY S—PB Oesaans ... llO3 • -- Western 761 25 Northern Lyons —.. 1125 New Ditto td 752'50 Mediterranean 1217 50 Grand Central 5BO Lyons Geneva ' Testo Cette •••••••.....''''.. RUSSIA. The Invalide Rusge, of Nov. 1, publishes extracts from the journal of military operations (from Oct. 14 to Oct. 20) transmitted by Aide-de- Camp General Prince Gortschakoff. The only point of interest in them is, that the Russians by the fire of the Allies on the northern forts of Sebastopol had, from the 14th to the 20th, 2 men killed and 22 wounded. The Invalide also gives an account of a reconnais sance made by General Wrangel in the direction of Kamysch-Bouroun and Saraimine, owing to his having heard that the Allies had received reinforce ments to the amount of 10,000 men at Kertch ; and it says that the result of it was the discovery that the statement was erroneous. It is added that at Theodosia two of the enemy's steamers had attempted to approach the town, but had retired on being fired at from a battery. The German Journal of Frankfort extracts the following from a letter from Odessa of the 22d Oct. :—" Since the Allies have been in the posses sion of Kinbourn, the communication by means of coasting craft between Nicolaieff, Ozchakoff, and Odessa has entirely ceased. In the month of September, and up to the interruption of the com munications, there left Nicolaieff for Kherson 10 vessels laden with corn, and five in ballast. From Kherson to Nicolaieff sailed 35 sea vessels and 7 river barges, laden with salt, wood, and coals. No idea can be formed of the activity displayed at Nicolaieff since the arrival of the Emperor. The administration of the navy publishes large con tracts for timber for ship-building to be delivered at Nicolaieff. BANK OF FRANCE. The following was the situation of the Bank on Thursday, Nov. 8 : CR. Fr. C. Cash and ingots Cash at the branch banks 106,565,136 Bills due yesterday to be paid to-day 955,730 71 Bills becoming due in Paris, of which 98,528,039 f. 91c. are from the branch banks 224,115,030 21 Bills in the branch banks Advances on coin and ingots Do. in the branch banks Do. on public securities of France 39,484,036 10 Do. in the branch banks Do. on railway shares and bonds 58,080,400 Do. in the branch banks Do. to the State by treaty of June 30, 1848 ... Advances on Treasury bills Rentes of the reserve fund Rentes of disposable funds Hotel and furniture of the Bank Real property of branch banks.. Expenses of administration.. Sundries . 60,000,000 - 40,000,000 - 12,980,750 14 52,188,783 83 4,000,000 - 5,225,959 - 2,523,113 87 97,573 71 980,313,779 93 Dn. Capital 91,250,300 Reserve fund Reserve iminobiliere Notes to bearer, in circulation Do. of branch banks — banks 102,128,800 —. Do. to order (Post bills) Bills payable at sight 5,036,154 Account-current of Treasury Creditor 71,121,315 84 Various accounts-current ... 130,432,655 48 Do, branch banks 27,207,889 Dividends to be paid 584,612 25 Discount, interest, and expenses Charge for safe keeping of securities 39,133 90 Re-discounts of the last half-year Overdue bills 48,836 90 Sundries . 4,865,746 16 980,313,779 93 PREVIOUS MONTH'S RETURN. The following is the account for the month end. ing Thursday, Oct. 11 : Cs. Fr. c. Cash and ingots Cash at the branch banks Bills due yesterday to be paid to-day 2,497,019 43 Bills becoming due in Paris, of which 103,981,061 fr. 540. a re from the branch banks 245,658,865 05 Bills in the branch banks Advances on coin and ingots Do. in the branch banks Do. on public securities of France 45,660,336 10 Do. in the branch banks - Do. on railway shares and bonds 78,363,100 Do. in the branch banks Do. to the State by treaty of June 30, 1848 Advances on Treasury bills 40,000,000 ----- Rentes of the reserve fund 12,980,750 14 Rentes of disposable funds 52,188,783 88 Hotel and furniture of the Bank Real property of branch banks Expenses of administration 1,299,884 82 Sundries 3,812,697 21 1,061,512,389 20 DR. Capital Reserve fund 12,980,750 14 Reserve immobiliere 4,000,000 Notes to bearer, in circulation Do. of branch banks 112,387,300 Do. to order (Post bills) Bills payable at sight Account-current of Treasury Creditor 101,741,934 33 Various accounts-current Do. branch banks 30,641,124 Dividends to be paid Discount, interest, a n d ex p enses otia.- EF . f..... .....C. 1=".. r ;..., ...F ....",,..T i t;.... 20.314 4 Re-discounts of the last half-year Overdue bills . 41,037 70 Sundries 1,061,512,889 20 MARKET NEWS.—(This Day). COVENT GARDEN. The supplies of most articles here to-day were extensive, and the trade ruled steady, at very full prices. FRIIIT.—Pint apples, English, 3s to 6s per lb; colonial do., Os to Os each P • hot-house grape s , i s 6d t o 4 s Od per lb ; foreign ditt o , Oct to Os ; melons, 2s Od to 6s Od e ac h ; peaches, 2s Od to 6s; nectarines, is 6d to 4a per d ozen ; apples, is Od to 2 s Oct per half sieve ; p ears , 2 s Od t o 56 per half sieve ; plums, 5s to 7s per sieve ; green gages, Os per punnet; apricots, is Gd to 5s Od per doz.; common plums, 3s 6 I to 6s Od per sieve • cherries, Gd to Od per p oun d ; lemons, 48 to 8s Od per 10d; oranges, 8s to lls per 100; fil berts, 6s to 9s per doz. lbs ; cobnuts, Os to Os ; almonds, Os to Os per lb. ; walnuts, 8d to 10d per 100; figs, Os 9d to is 6d per doz. ; strawberries, Od to Od per pottle ; goose berries, is 6d to 2s Od per half sieve ; currants, 3s Od to 4s Oct per half seive ; raspberries, 2d to 6d per pottle. VEGETABLES.—Greens, is Gd to 3s Od per doz. bunches; red ditto, 2s to 5s Od per dozen ; French beans, 2s Od to 3s Od per half sieve P • brocoli, Od per b un d. ; po t a t oes, 758 to 165 s per ton ; vegetable marrow, 4d to is per doz. ; peas, 3s to 5s Od per bushel ; broad beans, is Od to is 9d per half sieve ; turnips, 2d to 3d per bunch ; carrots, 3d to 5d per bunch ; cucumbers, Os 2d to Os 6d each ; garlic, 6d to Os 8d per pound ; spinach, is Od to is 6d per sieve ; old onions, Os to Os per bushel ; new ditto, 2s 6(1 to 4s per doz. bunches; leeks, Id to 2d per bunch ; shallots, 4d to 6d ; horse-raciclish, 2s Od to 4s Ocl per bundle ; parsley, 2d to 3d per bunch ; celery, Os is to is 3d per bunch ; endive, is 3d to 2s 3d per score ; beet, is Od to 2s per doz. • parsnips, Os 6d t o i s Od per d ozen; small salad, 2eto 3d per punnet ; mushrooms, is 3d to is 9d per pottle ; artichokes, 5s to 68 per doz. ; cabbage lettuces, 9d to is Oct per score ; sorrel, 6d to is per half sieve ; radishes, is to ls 3d per dozen hands - tomatoes, 3s to 4s per half sieve; chillies, is t o i s 6d per 100; Brussels sprouts, is Od to 2s per half sieve ; capsicums, is Od to 2s per 100 ; walnuts pickling, 6d to is per 100; cauliflowers, Is to 4s 6d per doz. NEWGATE AND LEADENHALL. -- Turkeys, Os Od to Os Od ; Geese, 58 Od to 6s 6d each ; Ducks, 2s 3d to 3s Od ; wild ditto, 111 6d to 2s Od ; wild do., 8d to is 6d each; Pigeons, 7d to 9d each; large Surrey Fowls, Os Od to Os Od ; middling, is 9d to 3s Od ; Chickens, is 6d to 2s Od ; Capons, 3s 6d to 4s 6d ; Hares 2s 6d to 4s Od ; Grouse, is 9d to 2s Od each ; Pheasants, 2s 6d to 35 6d ; partridges, is 3d to Is 9d each ; Guinea Fowls, 2s 6d to 3s Od each. Ostend fresh butter, 12s Od to 13s Od, and English 13s Od to 15s Od per dozen lbs. English Eggs, 9s Od to 108 Od ; French ditto, 5s Od to 7s Od per 120. NEWPORT. Beef from 3s 4d to 4s 6d ; mutton, 3s 4d to 4s 6d; veal 3s 10d to 4s 8d ; pork, 3 s 6d t o 5 s Od per Blbs. WHITECHAPEL. Beef, 3s 2d to 4s 6d ; mutton, 3s 2d to 4s 61 ; veal, 3s 8d to 48 8d; pork, 3s 6d to 5s 2d per 81bs. by the carcase. BILLINGSGATE. Turbots, 5s Od to 231 ; Brills, 3s Od to lOs each; Salmon, Is 6d to is 9(1 per lb ; Cod Fish, 2a 6d to 15s each ; Soles, 6d to 2s 6d per pair; Eels, 8d to is Od per lb; Lobsters, sto 2. 6d. ; Crabs, 6d to 2s Od ; Whitings, 3s Od to 12s per doz. ; Common Oysters, 16s to 20s ; Natives, 58s to 64s per bsh ; Mackerel, 60s to Os per 100 ; Smelts, is Od to 2s 6d per doz.; Skate, 6d to Od per lb; Shrimps, is 6d to 2s 6d per gallon; Bloaters, is Od to is 6d per doz. ; Fresh Herrings, 6s Od to 8s per 100. ; Scotch do., 6d; Sprats, 8s Od to Os Od per bushel ; Doreys, 2s Od to lOa each ; Haddocks. 6s to 18s per doz. ; Pike 6d ; Sturgeon, 6d per lb ; Prawns, 4s Od to Os; Mullets, 6d to is 6d ; Plaice, 4d to is each ; Halibut, 6d per ; Flcundera, h 6d to - Oti per dozen. BREAD. The prices of wheaten bread in the metropolis are from 10d to 11 id ; of household ditto, 9d to lOid per 41b loaf. HIDES AND SKINS. - - Market hides, 561 b to 641 b, 3id ---- tod;64lb to 721 b, to 4d ; 721 b to 801 b, 4d to 41d ; 801 b to 881 b, 44d to 4id ; 881 b to 961 b, 4id to 5d ; 9611) to 1041 b, 5d to Od ; 104 to 1121 b 5d to s}d ; upwards, Od to Od ; Horse hides, 60 tid to Os Od ; calf skins, light, 2s Od to 3s Od ; ditto, full, 6s 6d to Os Od ; Polled Sheep, 4s 8d to 6s Od ; gents, 35 10d to 4a 4d ; Half-breds, 3s 6d to 4s Od ; Downs, 2s 10d to3s 6d ; Lambs, 2s 9d to 4s 6d ; Shearlings, Os Od to Os Od. HAY MARKETS. S MITHFIELD.—Moadow hay, 31153 to 6/ 6s ; clover ditto, 4/ 5s to 6/ 153; and straw, 1/ 7s Od to 1/ lls Od per fond. Trade steady, at about stationary prices. CUMBERLAND.—Meadow hay, 31 18s to 6/ 83; cloves 41 5s to 6/ 103 ; and straw. 11 8s to 11 12s per load. Both hay and straw were in fair request, at full quotations. W IIITEORAPEL.—Meadow hay, 3/ 15s to 6 6s; cloy« r do., 41 8s to 6/ 15s ; and straw. 1/ 7s to 1/ 11% per load. A fair average supply and a sluggish demand. COWES, ISLE or WIGHT, Nov. 9.—The New York steamship Union, which has been out 20 days, is not yet arrived. Baron Rothschild has property on board, it is said, to the value of 280,0001. EXAMINATION AND COMMITTAL OF ROBERT MARTlN SON.—Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Nov. afternoon, Robert Martinson, the junior cashier of the Northum berland and Durham District Bank, was brought up at the police -court in this to wn , b e f ore t h e mayor an d a numerous bench of magistrates, charged with embezzling 4,2G41., the monies of his employers. The prisoner, who had a downcast look, is a smart "oung man, and wears a moustache. He seemed to have entire self-pos session. Several witnesses having been examined the prisoner WAS committed for trial. THE SEBASTOPOL BREVET. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SlR,—The long delayed Sebastopol brevethas at length appeared, and I beg now to send you the following analysis thereof, showing the number of officers on the staff as well those serving with their regiments who have been promoted. Regimental. Staff. Officers. Total. Promoted to be colonel 1 ... None ... 1 Ditto lieut.-colonel Ditto majors 2O ... 66 ... 86 The rule by which these promotions have been made it is impossible to discover, as they could not have been more arbitrary had they been the result of a lottery. Some of those promoted are at home, and I believe I could point out more than one who has never been in the Crimea at all. As usual the staff have monopolised about one-fourth of these good things. Of course, in the regimental promo tions, the aristocratic claims of the Guards have not been lost sight of. In the official "Army List" for September, Major Thesiger, of the Grenadier Guards, is noted as employed recraiting, so that he has received his promo tion for about one month of active service ; the total amount of his service, according to Hart's last annual "Army List," is 9 years. But there are still more for tunate gentlemen. First, Major the Hon. S. J. G. Calthorpe, Bth Light Dragoons. His total service is 7 years, but he was A.D.C. to Lord Raglan, and as such, of course, his service, however comfortable and easy it might have been, must of necessity have been distinguished. Secondly, Major G. Byng Harman, 34th Regiment, total service 6 years, junior captain but two of his regiment, promoted over the heads of 10 of his brother officers, one of whom has served 21 years on full pay. Perhaps Field Marshal the Earl of Strafford can tell us if there be not something in a name. lam sure I need not inform you that there are hundreds of captains now doing regimen tal duty in the Crimea of double the service of these for ate officers. Tile only lieutenant-colonel promoted is Colonel S. BroWnrigg, Grenadier Guards, Assistant Adjutant Ge neral ;he has been 23 years in the service. Now, there are no less than 39 lieutenant-colonels serving in the Crimea, who are senior to him, one of whom has a ser vice of 48 years, whilst many of theta have been wounded in the present war. We have here a splendid specimen of selection by merit. Faugh ! merit, indeed ! Let an officer be first cousin to a nobleman's butler, and his merit will be more conspicuous than if he were a Bayard. But one of the greatest hardships is the adherence to that old and most ridiculous custom, of not allowing brevet promotion to descend lower than the rank of cap tain. How long is this senile regulation to do injustice to the subaltern ranks ? We are calling loudly for the renovation of our decrepid old system by the infusion of younger blood, and yet the very means of obtaining it is prevented by nonsensical rules and customs. If, how ever, this senseless regulation is to be continued, then surely those noble youths, die subalterns of our Crimean army, who have so fearlessly and gallantly performed their duty, should be permitted to reckon every year of active service as three towards that period when, as lieutenants, they would become entitled to the extra shilling per diem, and that period should not count from the date of their having become lieutenants, but from their entrance into the service. There is another circumstance connected with the fall of Sebastopol which I would beg to bring under your notice. It would appear that the evacuation of the Redan was ascertained by a party of volunteers from each of the Highland regiments (see Blackwood's Maga. zinc for November, p. 622). This was of course a ser vice of extreme danger, and it proved to be one of the greatest utility, as hundreds of the unfortunate wounded were in consequence attended to hours before they would otherwise have been. Notwithstanding this the names of the officers and men who so gallantly executed this duty have never been even so much as mentioned in the despatches; perhaps the reason is that no officer of the staff crept over that blood-stained ground, or entered the burning and exploding Redan, and that those who did so were not born to enjoy the blessings of nepotism. —I am, &c. AN OLD FIELD OFFICER. LIEUT.-GEN. SIR COLIN 04.111138 ELL. The following letter has been addressed to a contem. porary Sii,—The Times of this day contains in one of its leading articles a violent and unjust attaek on Sir Colin Campbell, and attributes his return home solely to the umbrage which he is presumed to take at the elevation to the supreme command of Sir W. Codrington, his junior in rank as well as years. The writer alleges that Sir Colin Campbell " has not been unrewarded," and that he has been in a brief space of time raised from a brigadier to a lieutenant-general. This is not a true statement of facts ; that gallant and distinguished officer was included in the general brevet of 20th June, 1854, as a major-general, and still holds that permanent rank only, which he held prior to the war. He is, however, invested with the local rank of lieutenant-general, being in command of a division, to which he succeeded—all his seniors having either fallen in action, or quitted the scene of strife from wounds or ill health. He has superseded no one. I have, moreover, to add, on the authority of one of his military friends, that his return home on leave during a portion of the winter was pro jected by him before the new Commander.in-Chief's ap pointment was made known. But supposing he has ..000lo o d to retain (oonneiving ides ahilitia a and mervices have not met with their merited requital in the affront he may consider is offered to him), is there any good reason, I ask, why he should follow the example of General Canrobert, as held up to him by the Times? That officer himself was elevated over the heads of many of his seniors to command the French army ; and, I believe, no one ever more falsified the hopes of those who selected him ; and after his aupercession his remain ing in a subordinate position under General Pelissier was found inconvenient. Moreover, the latter General was really the senior in rank, although for a certain time after his arrival in the Crimea from Africa he was only com mandant of a division under General Canrobert. To him, therefore, I conceive, merit may be due, when consent ing to such a position for a limited period, conscious as he must have been of his great and universally acknow ledged capabilities. Should the appointment of Sir W. Codrington be produf.tive of great and glorious results, no man, I am convinced, will rejoice more than Sir C. Campbell ; but he does not deserve to bo held up to the odium of his countrymen because he is said to doubt the propriety of the selection which ignpres himself, and to evince such doubt by his tendering his own resignation. By acting otherwise, it might be said he acknowledged his own inferiority in soldier-like talent, and his unfit ness for high command, and admitted the superior ca pacity of Sir W. Codrington—a fact yet to be proved, and which many will not be disposed to admit until proved. The system of arbitrarily elevating one officer over another 's head, without any regard to fixed rules, is, I believe, very common in the army of F rance ; but I know that it produces the very greatest discontent and heart-burning ; and so deep-felt was this known to be, as actually to induce some bredence to be given to rumours that were cast on the fidelity of one officer so aggrieved, which report the Times did not fail to give the benefit of its enormous circulation. General Canro bert was a junior officer raised to supremo command, and I hope the present imitation of the same course will be more fortunate. None will rejoice more in the confir mation of the wisdom and justice of a selection that Lord Panmure has sanctioned, and of which Lord Palmerston has accepted the responsibility, than your humble ser vant, AN EX-CAVALRY OFFICER. November 9. CITY OF LONDON THEATER. The enterprising managers, Messrs. Johnson and Nel- son Lee, have just concluded a most expensive engage ment with the following distinguished artistes for the production of grand operas :—Mr. Augustus Braham, Mr. Lefler, Mr. George Tedder, Mr. Stennard, &c. ; Miss Rebecca Isaacs, Miss Dyer, Miss Stewart, &c. ; with a fell and efficient chorus, under the direction of Mr. Frederick Kinsbury. This is in addition to their superior dramatic company, and without any advance in thw prices of admission, thus giving the million at the Dist-end an opportunity of witnessing a superior enter tainment. From the style in which pieces are usually produced at this establishment, we have no doubt the speculation will be attended with success. The operas commence on Saturday, the 17th inst. STRAND THEATRE. Mr. E. Stirling has announced his benefit at this fashionable little theatre for Wednesday evening next, the 14th inst. The array of Terpsichorean and Pantotni mic talent is overwhelming—Rosina Wright is to dan ce , supported by several of the Drur y-lane artistes ; Tom Mathews is to sing'," Tipiti Wltchet ; and Flexmore, the unapproachable, is to , figure, as none can fi gure b ut him self, in the Dancing Scotchman, in which Madlle. Auriol wil 'likewise contribute her powerful assistance. Mr. Stir ling's drama of Nicholas Ntckleby, w h ich had a run of 150 nights at the Adelphi, and a couple of farces go to make up the bill of fare, which is certainly of a character well adapted to attract and grat i fy a crowded audience. PUBLIC DINNER TO LORD NAAS, M.P.—The consti tuents of Lord Naas at Coleraine are about to give his lordship a publio dinner in that town. THE ADMIRALTY COURT.-Mr. Thomas Kelly, LL.D., is .the new judge in succession to the late Dr. Stock. The appointment was made on Thursday. The vacancy on the magisterial bench is not yet filled up, and it would, therefore,- be quite useless to record the legion of names put forward as the probable winners of the prize. The continental advices yesterday contain nothing of importance. At Hamburg the rate of exchange is main tained with much firmness, but money is still in full employment at from 5 to 6 per cent. The Paris letters state that business is limited in all departments. From Russia the communications seem to convey a more war like feeling, but this may be nothing more than the cover to an urgent anxiety for peace. MARINE DISASTERS, &c.-14iverpool, Friday. —.Th e Windermere, arrived here from Singapore, had on board the captain and crew of the ship Hampton, Humphrey, from Shields to New York, which was fallen in with at 11 a.m. on the 27th of October, lat. 48 N., long. 13 W., in a sinking state. The crew was immediately taken off, and the Hampton foundered at 4 p.m. same day. The Joseph, from Ostend, in beating up the river this morning, ran into the Helios, from New Orleans, at anchor, and lost bowsprit, &e. The Helios did not re. ceive any damage. spirit of the Public Journals. (From the Times of (lel., day.) Nothing has come out more clearly in the course of this war than the high military and scientific character of the Russian officers. Through a trial of unexampled severity they have shown them selves in every way worthy of the confidence of their master, and of the reputation of a great military monarchy. Ardent in attack, undaunted in retreat, full of skill, energy, and resource under all circumstances, masters of the three languages of the three belligerent Powers, it makes on e s h u dd er to reflect wh a t such a band of officers might accom plish if supported by troops worthy of such leaders. The Russian army, like our own, is officered by gentlemen, but by gentlemen who have not merely the lank and the courage of their class, but its educa tion and itsacquirements. While poor Gen. Simpson cannot even attempt a single word of French, a vast number of the officers of the Russian army speak our language as well as ourselves. Their scientific defence was a silent satire on our rude attack, and the superiority in skill of the champions of bar barism over those of civilisation is written in our best blooi. This superiority would exist, we believe, to a very great extent, even if our army were com manded by men of the ordinary age and experience to •which our different grades of officers attain. As long as we are pleased to make the profession of arms a mere dillettanti affair, to be taken up or put down at will, under regulations which insure to the retiring officer the price that he has paid for his commission—so long as we take aristocratic con nexion instead of knowledge, and hard cash in lieu of all military qualifications —so lung as we are con tent to encounter men who make arms their profes sion with men who look upon their commission as an investment, we must expect to see and feel this mortifying inferiority. We, who supply an engineer for every railroad and every steam-vessel—=we who may fairly claim to be at the head of the mechanical • ingenuity and contrivance of the world, must, so long as we will continue this system, submit to be out-generalled and out-manosuvered by men whose very names we cannot pronounce, and whoie lan guage is to us a barbarous jargon, without a name and without a literature. But it were well for us if it were so—if it were only the average degree of inexperience to which the trained and disciplined Russian officer is opposed. Unhappily we are at this moment intrusting the honour of the country and the fortunes of the war to officers not only appointed and promoted on principles radically vicious, but to the youngest and least experienced of our officers. The English army may be divided into two parts, the smaller of which is before Se bastopol, the larger scattered over North America, the West Indies, the Cape, the Mauritius, China, and Australia. The smaller part mainly consists of boys recently recruited and of officers who have but a short time obtained their commissions. The army has borne the brunt of two campaigns and a dreadful winter, and, though the same in name, its substance has been almost completely renewed. But how renewed ? Not by replacing the regi ments that have been destroyed in the service by others able in their turn to bear the fatigues and losses of war, but by filling up their shattered ranks with raw recruits, so raw that we recorded an in stance only yesterday of a soldier who landed in the Crimea without having learnt to discharge his musket. The same system is adopted with regard to the officers. In place of those men of age and experience who were slain at Alma and Inker man, and in the innumerable rencontres of the siege, we have enrolled a number of gallant lads, full, indeed, of that courage which makes an Eton boy square at a gigantic bargeman, or leads an Ox ford undergraduat into the first ranks of a town and-gown row, but utterly without the professional training, the habit of command, the knowledge, the calmness, the personal influence, the resource, I and the foresight which are necessary for the man or boy to whom the lives and safety of his fellow men are intrusted. We are engaged in a great war against a formidable enemy ; we have one army consisting of thoroughly trained soldiers and officers who at least have age and experience in their calling, and another army consisting mainly of raw lads, commanded by other lads as thoughtless and inex perienced as themselves. The one of these forces we place in the most complete inactivity—the other we expose to all the perils of a desperate war, on which the eyes of the world are fixed, and from the exploits of which we must henceforth derive that military character which is so large a part of the strength of a nation. Therefore we fight with our raw lads and do our garrison duty with our veteran troops, perhaps the finest in the world. If ft be asked what frightful exigency drives Ills k) this extraordinary course, we answer that we are driven to it by no other exigency than our regimental system —a system generally allowed to be perfect, and one of whose fundamental maxims is, that one regiment is as good as another, and every regiment at any time equal to itself at any other time. The regiments that were de stroyed at Alma and at lnkerman, and filled up with raw lads, are, according to this theory, as good now as they were then, and, therefore, by a necessary inference, having been before those actions equal to any regiment in the service, they are so still. Except upon such a supposition as this we are utterly unable to conceive how the War-office can justify keeping our veteran legions to fight with Caffres and New Zealanders, with Moplahs or Rohillas, to die of yellow fever in the West or liver complaint in the East, and matching against the Russians ploughboys and apprentices, marshalled by officers drawn from the second forms of our public schools. What makes the matter still worse is, that even such officers as have been spared by the sword, the cholera, or the frost, we seem utterly unable to retain at their duty. Every man as soon as he has bought his commission seems to acquire, together with that investment, a certain number of what are called " urgent private affairs." When matters begin to look dull—when the nights are long and the days are short—private affairs as sume an urgency exactly in proportion to the un pleasantness of the service, and valour sheaths its sword to grasp the pen, and avoid the wearisome ness of campaigning in the far more agreeable pur suit of " urgent private affairs." In this respect we cannot complain of the juniors when we see the example set them by their chiefs. How many ge nerals and colonels have been seized with the mania for " urgent private affairs," and hurried home to flaunt their glories before the eyes of an admiring country ! It is invidious to go back to to the past, but just at this moment " urgent private affairs" compels Sir R. Airey and Sir H. Bentinck, the latter for the second time, to absent themselves from their commands. For their loss we might possibly be able to console ourselves, but it is with unfeigned regret we learn that the " private affairs" of Sir Colin Campbell have also become urgent. Sir Colin will be an irreparable loss to the army. His gallant conduct in action, his vigilance, his carelessness of fatigue and ex posure, were an example we can ill afford to miss, especially in so young and, we fear we must say, so indifferently organised an army. Nor have these eminent qualities passed unrewarded. In she course of eighteen months Sir Colin Campbell has risen from the rank of Brigadier to that of Lieutenant-General ; but Sir Colin Campbell is senior to General Codrington, and, in the true spirit of a service which is not a duty but a property, he will not serve under him. Tkere is but one man who can fill the office of Commander-in-Chief ; the office cannot be given by seniority, and yet every General senior to the person selected immediately sheaths his sword. Far different was the feeling of the noble Oanrobert, who, when not merely super seded, but displaced, claimed and obtained the honour of serving under his more fortunate rival. Far other would be the feelings of Englishmen in any other joint undertaking where the common good required a personal sacrifice ; and this we do in the face of an enemy who would raise a follower of the camp to supremo command, and send the Commander-in-Chief to sweep the streets of Mos cow, if he believed that such a change would in the least conduce to the success of his arms ! THE NEW MAYORS. Yesterday the following gentlemen were elected Mayors of the boroughs with which their names are here annexed : or t_Timothy Carew, E iq., RN. Y. C D o e %; eonntpr —William Lynes, Es q . Plymouth —John Kelly, Esq. Salisbury—Abraham Jackson, Esq. S ou th a mpton—Sampson P a y ne, Esq. (a re-election). No Yarmouth—C. J. P a l mer, Esq. (a re-election). K W. Seppi ngs , E sq. inr Sings i h L — y n J n Great .G. John son, Esq. Newcastle -upon-Tyne—Ralph Park Philipson, Esq. Gateshead—James Smith, Esq. Liverpool—John Stewart, Esq. Oxford—James Pike, Esq. (a Dissenter). Bath—William Bush, Esq. Birmingham—Alderman Hodgson. Salford—Alderman Stephen Heelis. Manchest er — JamesWatts, Esq., of the firm of Messrs. S. and J. Watts. CHILD FATALLY BURNED.—Yesterday Mr. Payne, the coroner, received information of the death, from burn ing, of a little boy, four years old, named John Roach. It appears that the deceased was left alone in a room f a few minutes, and the mother on her return fonn the room in flames, and the child lying on the ground with its clothes ignited. The flames were extinguished by some of the neighbours, and deceased was conveyed to St. Thomai's Hospital, where death shortly after wards terminated his sufferings.