The Sun. — London, England, 1842-12-22 00:00:00

COURT CIRCULAR. WEDNESDAY.—The Queen and Prince ert have enjoyed the mild and fine werther to-day, 6 4114 : took walki ng exe rcise, both in the morning, a n d tin in the afternoon. t ak 'ler Royal Highness the Princess Royal has been Pp an airing to-day. " Royal Highness Prince Albert went out shoot 4.ia the forenoon, a ccompanied by the Duke of b l e 2llngton and attended by Sir Edward Bowater. • Royal party , on leaving the Castle, went to Sand ate. / er Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent and ' 4l 3' Fan n y Howard, and Lady and the Hon. Miss /ti o c a ntague, will join the Royal dinner circle at the , t "le this evening. The Royal dinner party is also lit ilee r tea to include the Duke of Wellington, the Earl f iverpool, the Lady in Waiting, the two Maids of eeour, the Marquis of Ormonde, Captain Meynell, e l Equerry in Waiting cn her Majeety , and the 'terry in Waiting on his Royal Highness The Russian Minister transacted business yester at the Foreign-office. ?i 2 Patches were sent o ff l as t even i ng f rom th e Co oliial-office for the Governor of New South Wales. Il Lor d and Lady Mahon have arrived at Hatfield t o use, Herts, on a visit to the Marquis of Salisbury, Were expected to leave Hatfield dyesterday, for 'ley Park, near Eye, the seat of Sir Edward Ker ct. kt l he Dani s h Mi n i s t er t ransac t e d b us i ness yes t er d ay Lne For e ign -office. r;:lis Royal Highness Prince Frederick, Hereditary I:and Duke of Mecklenburgh Strelitz, left the resi bhrleie of their Royal Highnesses the Duke and efless of Cambridge, at Kew, at ten o'clock on r,sday night for town, and embarked in a steam ' e het for Hamburgh, on his return to Strelitz. THE RIGHT OF SEARCH. r l tPe follo w i ng cur i ous ar ti c l e i s t a k en f rom th e ( ",°e_ L a Paris paper, patr on i se d by M. G u i zo t French vessel, the Universe], endeavouring to I ; i 7 the Channel, was run athwart, during the ;. ri tut of the 6th December, by an English cutter or i,,, 64 te, sailing west. As th ere was b u t a gen tl e q i `', 2 e and the s ea ca l m , th e t wo s hi ps separa t e d ,`llout injury, and each continued its route. Who ~1 : 4 1.4 believe that the Journal du Havre sees in this i s „,` one of the consequences of the right of search, in as it says, that " the English commander con k tlicl his route, without even asking the Universe], if Zits in want of anything, which proceeds from the )I tent and brutal habits contracted by the English ti ti °7 in visiting our ships on the coast of Africa!" kh !'ther of our captains complains, we forget in 1, 411 , 1°) journal, of having been visited on the coast of rador, where he was in English seas, and per -11),.._ in the position of those vessels which the t„7al du Havre denounced lately as employing lOgners in- their fishing boats, or offering at r St. Pierre and Miquelon Custom-hou se th e N ', l ice of foreign fishing, in order to obtain the 1 / 41 " price exclusively reserved for the French k ti e 'r• What is more natural than the visit of it . 4l ,glish cruiser to a French ship found in that ? Yesterday it was the Constituiionn e l nc i" Was astonished that a French ship at anchor, (r the cannon of an English fort, had been visited the Cu s t om -h ouse o ffi cers p l ace d th ere t o t h at ti t e t! To-day it is worse and worse ;we have i) Pattie exclaiming, " China is now going to r o t her ports to Europe. Immense resources 104 Present themselves for your commerce. Will r lot 'lnt see that the treaties of 1831 a n d 1833 d o P, t i,,/nonopolise these op e ni ngs t o th e b ene fit o f L:sh trade ? Demand, then, but demand with the tf ki p - worthy of France, that these treaties be w~ f :shed ; for (attend to thi s ) s o l ong as th ese t rea ti es Chi t, not one of your ships will be able to reach before undergoing a visit from your English tl , t li ds." Really, the right of search will send us into ° ° , l childhood, and will end by giving us up to Che liter of other nations. How can one seriously clis tt: .so important a question with journals which treat t k ,cueh absurdities as above cited ? They make us 4 f Y they are playing a comedy, or have sold them ik‘i; to England, who has charged them to kill th e " of search with an instrument known to be very ''tire in France—ridkule. CORONER'S INQUEST. t evening, at six o'clock, an inquest was h e ld L f gle Brown Bear public-house, Knightsbridge, Mr. the Coroner for Weftminster, on I, r ,` v of the body of Mr. Matthias Waldhen, late in- A ha qor o f pavements of the united parishes of St. - ,i t ew's, Holborn, and St. George the Martyr. r ii 4t lles Knight, chief boatman at the receiving tt'u"se of the Royal Humane Society, in Hyde-park, s e ,c l that about half-past five on Tuesday evening alarm was given at the receiving-house that a man tl ie thrown himself into the Serpentine river, over ki lt : i ron railing at the eastern extremity (the spot Ntire the lute Lord Rivers fell in by acc id en t, an d b t 'lled, about ten years ago), and witness directly `, 4t out the boat and proceeded to the spot pointed 1 0 4 where, after dragging for about ten minutes, the tt t , of the deceased was brought up ; life was quite 4).; 11 et, lie having been under water, as is supposed, 1 4 11 t twenty minutes ; he was, however, placed i n a rijrn bath, and attended by Dr. Woolley, th e So e's surgeon, who persevered for upwards of an dpj and a half in applying the usual means of pro tithi:g resuscitation. His purse and money, an d 1, 1 4' property, were found about his person. The (f water where the body was found is about A e u feet. V i nephew of the deceased stated that the deceased lieen labouring under a nervous depression for the t wo years, arising from the death of one of his kehter s ; he had also a son abroad, of whom he had tkpi,.eceived int e lligence " Tempo . insanity." 1/4 BALrouit's LECTURES.—This highly talented latVelivered her last lecture at the Literary Insti y, Edward -street, Portman-square, on Monday hg, to a crowded and delighted audience. Her bent course consisted of three lectures—on Pre ti e, Credulity, and the Female Sovereigns of 4Cile• It is difficult to describe the peculiar in- It il' with' which she invested her subjects—highly theetual, yet popular in their character ; per ith 011 s in style, clear in arrangement, and delivered tZ4 sweetness of diction, and an admirable mo- Y, that evidently delighted the intelligent audi -141,14t0 whom they were addressed. We rejoice to he t , that Mrs. Balfour is as much distinguished for 4 1 , rral excellencies and Christian principles, as for 1 'ntellectual capabilities ; and we are persuaded qt r lectures cannot fail to exert an elevating and lki t , t ,ing influence on her own sex, who, indeed, he truly proud of such an instructress. ACCIDENT.—On Tuesday night an accident, 'e ttl " Was subsequently attended with fatal results, th rred to J ame s N e ale, 17 years of age, a post-boy Ilat e employ of the Post-office. It appears that the ltkpunate lad was on the road to Bromley, his dis lallt and had proceeded as far as the Walworth-road, his horse suddenly shied, and plunging violently, k teL him cn to the road. He did not then appear fo li o injured, but having remounted, continued his h t ,', ll eY as far as the Post-office at Dulwich, when he 11 4 ; 1 . 111 e so ill that he could go no farther. Mr. Rae, te h l lhhouring surgeon, was called in, who recom qiChged his removal to Guy's Hospital, at which in -1:14"lon he received every attention from Professor 1 1 Per and Mr. Cocks, surgeon, but their attentions ao t - ' vain, as the deceased expired yesterday after s at four o'clock. tin e 48 . TROLLOPE AND THE NEW POOR-LAW.—Every e ti t4), Whom the New Poor-law forms a matter of Mcleration will be interested to know that Mrs. tk e - f ,e, who so successfully directed attention to the I fro .C'r Y System by her work entitled "Michael Arm 4,tig, intends commencing the New Year with a Production in Shilling Monthly Parts called 114 t e i s sie Phillips," of which the ex i s ti ng Poor-la w fur the theme. The following is an extract from lit,, in :—" The object the author has had in t4' n the composition of this work has been to call if attenti on o f her readers to the absolute necessity tat s t i lle alteration in the Law which at present regu- II;; the maintenance and management of the poor. im ° \‘'n ccrnvietion of its tyranny and injustice, of the v ra eticability of enforcing its provisions with uni iti,tY, and of the c 7uelhardships which are inflicted !N tli l Poor by the attemc± to enforce them, is strong, la al s 'le conscientiously believes well-founded. She %i s ° deeply impressed with the ge oral impolicy te nt evil tendency of that system of administrative Nization, which seems of late to have been creep t ' 4 ' the practice of our Government. Above nil, to is an x ious to declare her detestation of the tp Y broached doctrine that the poor have no right tufficieney of necessary food to sustain the life !ley:" God has given them ; and she hopes and be aet,tl that th e r e a re still abundantly enough English ki e4 to join with her in scouting this doctrine as ?isti a n . kiii4ovisimas AND TRADE.—The 41b. loaf has been n g,., in our town, for upwards of a fortnight, at together with oatmeal at Bd. and 9d. per k ti ,,Potatoes 3d., butcher meat from ld. to 2d. a ,kldr Cheaper than it was last year at this time, must r a rgely to the comfort of the wor king man and Iver c ,`"ilY; and when it is added that fresh herrings kty last week at 1,4 d. the dozen, we may safely ekt a t lOs. will go further this winter in the pur- Ivi Of the necessaries of life, than 13s. did last /411 vs . r . But we have still the sad truth to state, that Ivi t , t ` 4s , and much more, is needed ; for, bad as last am e t was, the present is wore for the manufacturing ce• t w orking classes in general. Within the last week the woollen manufacture has become dulicr lvo t i c ev er, and the most active manufacturers are Nitd,, )writ short time—that is, only during daylight, 4 0e c i l t l i Is short enough at present. Prices have again ed.—Stirling Observer. 1 LITERATURE. MRS. HALL'S IRELAND, - No. XX VL How, London, 1842. The present is a double Number, and contains —in addition to two excellent maps of the counties of Donegal and Mayo—views of that romantic locality entitled the Kelleries, in Gal way ; and of Achill, a large, wild, thinly peopled island, lying a mite or two off the Irish coast of Mayo. • This last view is very carefully finished off, even down to its minutest details ; and the group in the mountain foreground, consisting of a sportsman, and a pretty-looking, bare-legged peasant-girl, who is leaning with a free and easy air against a little what., shaggy pony, produces a very pleasing, and p:cturesque effect. The work, we understand, will be com pleted in one more Number. DUBLIN REVIEW, No. XXVI. Daman, London, 1842. The chief defect of the Number before us—a defect, by which this .Review has been char:ie• terised almost ever since its first establishment --is the general tediousness and want of spirit and variety of its articles. True, they contain information, and of no uninteresting nature, but this information is put forth in so tame and life less a manner, that it loses at least half its value. This is particularly the case with the notice of " Faber's Foreign Churches," which it is quite a task to read, though it is by no means wanting in a certain sort of knowledge, compounded in nearly equal proportions, of theology and Ins tory. _ The review of " Palmer's Letters to Wise- man" is another heavy article; but as it is on a subject in which many people are interested just now—namely, Catholicism, it willow. suppose, find attentive readers. " Spain and her Resources," speaks of Mr. Prescott's account of the reign of Ferdinand and Isabella in just such terms as that eloquent and impartial history deserves. In the course of his notice, the Reviewer gives a brief, intelligent, biographical sketch of the &mous Cardinal Xirnenes—one of the most illus- trious statesmen that Spain ever produced, and whose whole chequered career is a romance of the wildest character. In an article, headed " Depopulation, Fixity of Tenure," the Reviewer gives the fidlowinc , anecdote :—" The Right Hon. J. W. Croker, who is generally considered o ne of the principal conductors of the Quarterly, and whom, from his long absence from Ireland, we may now set down as an English Conservative, when first he came to London, wrote a work on the condition of the Irish peasantry, which a literary friend once declared to us was the best, most vigorous, and most scathing exposure of the iniquities of the Irish landlords that he had ever read. It was soon withdrawn, and we have never been able to get a copy." The remaining articles are of average merit. The Cheltenha►n stag-hounds, on Tuesday, had a narrow escape of adding another item to the long cata logue of " dreadful railway accidents." The meet had been the Rising Sun, and the stag having given its pursuers a smart run thence in a circuit round the town, crossed the railroad near Badgeworth, just as one of the Gloucester trains came up. The ►ore most dog was instantly crushed beneath the carriages, and had the train been a few seconds later, the whole of the pack must have shared the same fate, as the hounds were at the moment coming full speed down the bank, but the engine being at full speed also, the train had passed before they crossed in pursuit, fol lowed by such of the field as were up at the time. 'The stag was captured all safe at Badgeworth.— Cheltenham Looker-on. MEDICAL PRIVILEGES.—A, paragraph, which ori ginated, we believe, with the Globe, recently appeared in our columns, to the effect, " that degrees in medi cine or diplomas in surgery, of Scotch Universities or Colleges confer no privileges out of Scotland, do not qualify to hold medical or surgical appointments under the New Poor-law Act—the Militia or Prison Acts of Parliament." We have since referred to the Prisons Act, 4 George IV., c. 64,. and we find by the 33d section that the latter statement is wholly untrue. We are inclined to believe that the statement relative to the Militia must be also untrue—for no such regu lation exists in the army, the navy, or in the East India Company's service, in which medical men with Scotch degrees or diplomas stand on the same footing as English. The Globe added " the Poor-law Com missioners have recently dismissed all those who hold Scotch diplomas from their offices under them as un qualified." 'We are enabled to give a decided contra diction to this, and we believe not a single dismissal has taken place.— Gloucestershire Chronicle. DEAN PARK, NEAR WANSFORD.—The Earl and Countess of Cardigan have been receiving a succession of visitors, including Lord George Paget, Lord Maid stone, Hon. Cel. Anson, Mr. De Burgh and Mrs. De Burgh, and some of the leading members of the Mel ton Mowbray Hunt, who have formed the circle. DESTRUCTION or Full.—The slaughter of salmon in the Teviot and its tributaries has been, and is still, carried on to a disgraceful extent, hundreds of fish being taken daily, and that vs.ithout the smallest hind rance being offered.—Kelso Mail. BURGHLEY HOUSE, NEAR STAMFORD.—The Mar- quiS and Marchioness of Exeter are entertaining a dis tinguished circle. There was to be a grand ball at the Assembly Rooms, Stamford, last night, under the auspices of the Marquis of Exeter, Marquis of Granby, M.P., Earl of Lindsey, lion. Colonel Lowther, M.P., and Lady Eleanor Lowther, Sir J. Trollope, Bart„ M.P., and Lady Trollope, Dowager Countess of Lindsey, &c. VELOCITY or SOUND.—In a still night, the voices of the workmen at the distillery at Battersea may be heard at Westminster-bridge, an interval of three miles. The watcli-word at Portsmouth, it is said, can be heard at ltyde, in the Isle of Wight, a distance of four or five miles. The echo in Woodstock-park is repeated seventeen times by day and twenty by night. The artillery, at the siege of Genoa by the French, was heard at Leghorn, a distance of ninety miles. The firing at the battle of Waterloo was heard at Dover, at a distance, in a direct line, of 140 mile s , o f which 110 were over land, and the remainder over water.—F. TVinslozv's Health of Body and Mind. DEATH OF A POLICE SERGEANT WHEN ON DUTY. li —Mr. Wakley held an inquest yesterday at the King's Arms, Frederick's-street, Regent's-park, on the body of Andrew Allen, a sergeant of the S division of police. It appeared from the evidence that the de ceased, who generally enjoyed good health, went on duty on Saturday night last, shortly after which he was proceeding, accompanied by one of his men, along the Hampstead-road, when opposite the Reservoir he suddenly began coughing, and spat up a quantity of blood. Continuing to do so, and complaining of feel ing very ill, he was assisted towards home, which he had reached within a few yards, when he sank down upon the ground. He was immediately carried in doors, where he evinced no signs of animation, and on a surgeon being sent for, life was pronounced to be extinct. Verdict, "Natural Death.' EXTRAORDINARY tRY CASE OF POISONING OF SEVEN CHILDREN.- 7 The following extraordinary case of poi soning seven children, belonging to St. Saviour's Charity School, in the Borough, occurred yesterday morning, and in one instance has already terminated fatally, while the lives of six others have beers put in great jeopardy. It appears that a boy named Wm. Chambers, belonging to the school, who lives with his parents in Castle-street, in the Borough, was going thither, and on his way he picked up a small packet in the street, which contained a considerable quantity of powder of a yellowish cast. He took it with him to the school, and having tasted some of it himself, and finding it to be sweet, he gave a portion of it to six others, named Westwood, Lester, Clark, Field, Wood, and Tallby, who also partook of it. On their leaving school, at twelve o'clock, the boys were severally taken ill with sickness and vomiting, and acute pains in the bowels. Mr. Wood, surgeon, of Worcester-street, was immediately sent for, and a portion of the powder shown to him, which he pronounced to be arsenic. Prompt measures were adopted, and the usual antidotes administered, but Westwood, having taken a greater quantity than the others, sunk under it, and expired in the latter part of the day. Chambers, the boy who found the powder, and another named Lester, lie in a very dangerous condition. The four other boys, who had partaken more sparingly of it, are in a very ex hausted state, although strong hopes are entertained , that they will recover. DESTITUTION.—On Friday, the inhabitants of the eastern portion of' the city, particularly in Monteith row, were put into a state of alarm by a crowd of up wards of 200 miserable individuals walking en masse , with a board exhibited before them , having a placard affixed " Public Begging." A committee of three were in front with a tin box in their possession, having an aperture in the lid, and a strong padlock in front, which was presented at each door as the cavalcade moved along. The leading parties were, on the complaint of the inhabitants, taken to the police-office, which had the effect of dispersing the crowd. We understand this course was resolved on on Monday evening, and that nightly meetings were to be held to divide the proceeds. Seven of the most active of the parties were taken to the police-office, and, on Saturday, brought before Bailie Hastie, charged with the offence of public begging. They pleaded destitution as their only excuse; and the case was remanded for farther consideration.—Glas- gOW Aryus. LORD BYRON'S NURSE.—Mrs. Bye, who died on Friday week, from injuries she received by the acci dent on the Birmingham Railway, was a person of more importance than was at first thought; she was, before her marriage, Mary Gray, who succeeded her sister, and became the second nurse of Lord Byron, "gaining," says Mr. Moore, "an influence over his mind against which he rarely rebelled," though his mother had no influence over him.--Munchester. Paper. THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 22, 1842. THE BISULPHURET OF CARBON. DR. TURNBULL'S DISCOVERIES. We have frequently had the pleasure of rc cording the almost marvellous success which has attended Dr. TurnbuMs application of the vapour of hydrocyanic, or prussic acid, as a remedial agent in cases of blindness and deafness. Since that period the Doctor has directed his attention to the investigation of the therapeutic properties of other gaseous bodies, and the results of his re searches have been communicated to the public through the medium of the Lancet and the Me dical Gazette, in the following letter to the Editors of those periodicals : Sir,—ln October, 1841, I gave an account of the action of the vapour of hydrocyanic acid upon diseases of the eye. Since that period I have been engaged in investigating the action of various other bodies on the same organ, and under the same form. One reason why I did not rest satisfied with the great effects produced . by the hydrocyanic acid was, that its action, like that of all other medicines, de creased in power by continued application, thereby rendering it necessary to have occasional recourse to other medicines, in order to insure a more speedy re covery. Another reason- was, the reluctance of many individuals to submit the eye to the action of so po tent a medicine. The first medicines to which I shall refer, and which I have employed with some success, are the chlorocyanic acid and sulphuretted chyazic acid. The plan I pursue is that of putting a drachm of one of the medicines into a bottle (containing a small piece of sponge) of about two-ounce size, having a mouth precisely fitted to the eye, and with a ground-glass stopper. . _ _ The action of these medicines is very different from that of the hydrocyanic acid, in as far as they both stimulate the eye, and produce much greater warmth and irritation, with less dilatation of the pupil. Pew, however, can bear the chlorocyanic acid to be applied longer to the eye than half a minute, though, in a minute after its application, all irritation is removed, and the eye feels perfectly at ease. The next medicine which I have employed in the form of vapour was the chloruret of iodine. This medicine produces very little warmth or uneasiness to the eye, if continued for the space of two minutes or upwards ; but a sensation of irritation, accompanied with a flow of tears, takes place on its removal. It contracts the pupil, and in no case have I seen it dilate it. Its vapour rises very readily, and does not leave the yellow disagreeable colouring on the skin pro duced by the vapour of iodine, when uncombined, which is a great drawback in the use . of iodine in diseases of the eye. The last medicine which I have employed is the bisulphuret of carbon, which is so volatile, that the, application of it to the eye, when the bottle is held in a warm hand for a few seconds, is as much as can be borne, in consequence of the intense prickling heat and flow of tears which it occasions. Owing to this fact, generally use it by causing the patient to shut the eyelid during its application, which can thEn he con tinued for a minute or two with the same beneficial effect upon the eye, and without inconvenience to the patient. It generally contracts_ the pupil, and very seldom dilates it. I used to employ iodine by putting it into the same bottles, and immersing it in hot water, and in it. state of vapour applying it to the eye; but I now find it answers much better when d;ssolved in the bisulphuret of carbon. It is my intention, shortly, to give a full account of the action of these medicines upon the various forms of disease to which the eye is subject, and also what particular disease each medicine is best calculated to remove. At the same time I shall state such instances of failure as have occurred in my experience, in order that a just estimate may be formed of the value and importance of each medicine. It may not be out of place here to state, that I have employed, with great success, the bisulphuret of car apon to enlarged indurated lymphatic glands. In the first instance, I rubbed equal quantities of the bisulphuret of carbon and alcohol upon the parts affected, but without any effect upon the glands. But as its effects were so great when its vapour was confined to the eye, I was led to apply it in the form of vapour, and by means of glass bottles similar to those I have described. By these means,l excluded the action of the medicine from the external air, and thereby prevented its speedy evaporation. When it had been applied about one minute, the patient felt the part very cold, but immediately after a gradual heat, accompanied with great prickling—the heat increasing the longer the medicine was kept in contact with the part, until it could no longer be endured. On removing the glass, the part was red to an extent two or three times greater than the part enclosed. In a few days the change in the size of the glands was very great; and by its daily repetition, a complete and speedy removal of the disease was effected. I also find that its action upon diseased glands is more decided if the surface of the skin is well moistened with water previous to the application of the bottle to the part. The water, in fact, not only prevents the escape of the vapour between the glass and the skin, but assists the imbibition of the carbon; a point of the highest importance, inasmuch as all its action on the part de pends upon the exclusion of the atmosphere from the vapour. I may here observe, that these applications occasion no injury whatever to the skin. I have also found the bisulphuret of carbon and the chloroeyanie acid valuable medicines in the removal of deafness, depending upon a want of nervous energy and deficiency of wax. The mode of its application is substantially the same as that which I employ in diseases of the eye, with this difference only, that the bottle is formed with a small neck and stopper adapted to the size of the orifice of the ear, and held close to the organ until a considerable degree of warmth is produced. The action of these medicines, which contain so large a share of carbon, arises from the carbon in the vapour permeating the cuticle, and coming in contact with the oxygen in the vessels, which is conveyed through every part of the frame by inspiration and otherwise, and thereby forming carbonic acid gas, which evolves heat in the ratio of the quantity con sumed by the oxygen. The following quotations from Professor Liebig, in his work on " Organic Chemistry," sufficiently prove the correctness of this position :—" It is only in those parts of the body to which arterial blood, and, with it, the oxygen absorbed in respiration, is conveyed, that heat is produced. Hair, wool, or feathers, do not possess an elevated temperature. This iigh temperature of the animal body, or, as it may be called, disengagement of heat, is uniformly, an 1 under all circumstances, the result of the combinati(n of a combustible substance with oxygen. C n wha!ever way carbon may combine with oxygen, the act of combi nation cannot take place without ; ce disengagement of heat. We can no longer doubt that gases of every kind, whether soluble or insoluble in water, possess the property of permeating animal tissues, as water permeates unsized paper." Does not the action of medicines containing so large a proportion of carbon, which can be brought into contact with the whole external surface of the body, and thereby capable of being easily disengaged, suggest a method of relieving pulmonary disease likely to be attended with no ordinary success, by calling into greater activity the action of the skin, and thereby materially lightening the labour of the lungs ? Are we not the more encouraged to expect such remedial influence in diseases of the lungs, from the fact of its great power in removing indurated glands, which are so common accompaniments of consumption ? There can be no doubt of the usefulness of bisulphuret of carbon in skin diseases. I have submitted these observations under the con viction that they embody principles which may be carried out, and made of great utility to mankind. I am, Sir, your obedient servant, A. TURNI3ULL, M.D. 48, Russell-square, Oct. 20, 1842. A brief notice of this letter appeared in the Literary Gazette of the sth Nov., and in the week following the following letter from Dr. Turnbull appeared in that periodical, still further explaining the views of the Doctor on the subject:— REMARKS ON THE ACTION OF CARBON, &C. (To the Editor of the Literary Gazette.) . 48, Russell-square, Nov. 8, 1842. Sir,—l beg leave to tender my sincerest thanks for your kind notice in the last Gazette of my recent discoveries on the treatment of diseases of the eye, &c. Allow me to intrude for onee in your crowded columns by referring to what you accidentally omitted, :viz., my manner of applying the bisulphuret of carbon, and also to add a few reasons illustrative of the fact which you have quoted from me, that its action depends on its union with the oxygen. The plan I adopt is this :—I put a drachm of the bi sulphuret of carbon into a two-ounce bottle ; the medicine is so volatile that the heat °Nile hand causes the vapour rapidly to rise, and come into con tact with the skin. The action is more decided if the skin is previously moistened with water, as the water not only prevents the escape of the vapour between the glass and the skin, but also excludes the external a i r , a point of the very highest importance. In my paper, which appeared in the Lancet, of October 29th, I stated, that " when it had been applied about one mi nute, the patient felt the part very cold, but immedi ately after a gradual heat, accompanied with great prickling, the heat increasing the longer the medicine was kept in contact with the part, until it could no longer be endured. On removing the glass the part was red, to an extent two or three times greater than the part enclosed. These applications occasion no injury whatever to the skin." Showing that the action of the bisulphuret of carbon depends on its union with the oxygen in the blood-vessels, I will merely state the following experiments Carbonic acid- gas was applied in a similar bottle, and in the same way, to the skin, the ex ternal air being excluded, and the skin moistened with water, for the space of ten minutes; but neither red ness nor any sensible heat was induced; for this satin factory reason, that heat is the consequence of oxida tion with the carbon, which oxid a ti on , in the case of carbonic acid gas, had of cour se been previously effected. Alcohol, sulphuric ether ; nitric ether, and many other ethers— all of which contain a large por tion of carbon—were similarly tried, but had no effect; for the same reason, viz., that it is already in a state of union with oxygen in all these highly car bonised bodies. I remain, Sir, Tour obedient servant, A. TURNBULL, 111. D., &c. So deeply are we convinced of the importance of these discoveries, that we have felt it our duty to give these communications of Dr. Turnbull entire. It is a great thing to have discovered a remedy capable of restoring the sight or the heariog in cases which have hitherto been consi dered as incapable of relief; but neither the sight nor the hearing are essential to the conti nuance of life : not so the proper performance of the functions of the lungs and the other blood vitalizing organs. Now without entering upon the discussion of the vexate questiones as to the manner in which the lungs and the skin prepare the blood for the proper performance of its func tions in the animal economy—without taking part either with Liebig and the supporters of the new chemical theory on the one hand, or with the disciples of the more ancient school of physiology on the other, we may assume that both the lungs and the skin are employed in fitting the blood for its office in the animal economy, by eliminating for it a something, the ultimate product of which is carbonic acid gas; that if the skin fails in performing its portion of the work, an improper share of the labour is thrown upon the lungs, either by furnishing then, with a fluid in an improper state for them to act on it completely, or by calling upon them to do more than their fair proportion in the work of vitalizing fluid furnished to them in a proper state; and that, admitting the skin to perform its fair proportion of the work, yet it the lungs are too weak to perform their fair proportion, they may be greatly relieved by throwing an additional proportion of labour on the skin, which will not be materially injured by taking for a time a larger proportion of the labour on itself. These things being ad mitted, it follows as a consequence, that in asthma, consumption, and all diseases of the lungs, oar curative efforts should be directed to the throwing upon the skin a portion of the work of the lungs. This has been the theory of me dical treatment in diseases of the lungs time out of mind. This is, in fact, the theory of the cure by blood-letting, and of the cure by counter-irritation; but unfortunately, while by blood-letting the labour of the lungs is dimi nished, the vital powers are diminished also; and by the applications of all the usual counter-irri tants, while one portion of the skin is excited to increased action, another portion is so completely disorganized as to be rendered incapable of action alt6gether. The great desideratum has been to discover a counter-irritant which, while it should excite the cu taneous surface to increased action, should occasion no injury whatever to the skin ; and, according to Dr. Turnbull, we have the remedy in the bisulphurate of carbon. We therefore strongly urge on Dr. Turnbull the necessity of continuing his researches as to the therapeutic properties of the bisulphurate of carbon, more particularly as a remedy for diseases of the lungs. In considering the action of the skin in relation to the internal organs, he is proceeding in the right path. Sir Charles Bell, in his acr tnirable work on the "Anatomy and Physiology of the Human Body," has well observed— Some practitioners take the stomach, and others the bowels, and others the liver, on which they harp con tinually, Let any one take the skin as his object of care, and his practice will have equal success, his cases and facts become soon as numerous, while his connexion with general science will be more intimate; and if he introduce his system by showing that health is enjoyed when the various functions which together form the animal economy are perfect, and that one function cannot be in health without the whole be also, he will, in my opinion, have better claims to public favour than any who have yet flourished in it by promulgating doctrines in regard to the functions and diseases of individual parts. TO THE EDITOR OF 7'IIE SUN. SIR,—In your paper of Monday, there is a letter signed " A Corn grower," and headed,. " Protection to Farmers ! ! ! " to which I beg leave to call your at tention. First, as regards his calculations :—He assumes the average produce to• be three bushels of wheat to an acre, and the price to be Cs. Bd. the bushel, producing a sum of 20s. for the average produce of the acre. He then proceeds to demand such a price in bad years as shall always make up to him this average amount of 20s. Nothing is said about the years in which the produce is above the average. The profit which has been in years past, when leases were existing, as I have heard, sufficient in one year to purchase the fee. simple of the land, very quietly puts in his pocket, and leaves the consumer to pay the loss. Secondly, his reason for demanding to be thus re munerated is, " that (otherwise) he shall not be able .to pay the landlord his rent," concluding, I presume, that, as a matter of course, the frequently half-starved consumer was coolly to submit to be taxed to the time of 20s. a bushel, according to your correspondent, to enable this said landlord to live in luxury, and sup port a wasteful, or (which is too often the case) pro fligate expenditure. The alternative of " lowering the rent" is not even hinted at. These corn-growers, it seems, are but poor reason ers, and place the reasoning powers of the public on a level with their own, or they would not venture on the publication of such letters as these. It is strange, too, that the farmer, who gains nothing by these high prices, should wish for them; but there is an esprit de corps, a spirit of "caste" or class, which has a most powerful influence pier the weak-minded. Thus the landlord and the farmer both gain their live lihood from the land, ergo, both resemble each other. Item, the landlord is rich and influential. He calls himself an agriculturist ; the farmer, by being also an agriculturist, is, ergo (shining with a borrowed light), of a rich and influential;caste, atid mighty proud of the connexion. Such is the spirit of " class," that even his interest (which is clearly to haVe low rents and low prices) is totally forgotten, and, except ac tually on rent-day, can never see that their interests are not in all cases identical. ' A SUBSCRIBER TO YOUR IMPARTIAL AND TRULY ENLIGHTENED JOURNAL. DEATH OF GENERAL SIR FRE- DEL ICK WETHERALL. We are sorry to have to record the death of this gallant officer, which took place at Ealing, on Sun day last, in his eighty-eighth year. He entered the service in 1775, as an ensign of the 17th Foot, the colonelcy of which he held from February, 1840, up to his death, and 'has consequently been in the army upwards of sixty-six years. He was with his regiment at the siege of Boston, in America, the same year he joined; and was present at the battles of Brooklyn, Whiteplains, Fort Washington, Prince Town, Brandywine, Germanstown, and Monmouth, as well as in several affairs of posts during the same revolutionary war. He did his duty as Captain of Marines on board the Alfred at the battles of Fi- iisterre and St. Vincent's, under Rodney, previous to the relief of Gibraltar. _ lie served in the 104th Regiment at Guernsey, and in 1783 the 11th Regiment, with which he served six years exchanged into at Gibraltar. Ile attended the Duke of Kent to Quebec in 1790, and accompanied his Royal High nessatSy Adjutant -General to St. Domingo, as Aide-de-Camp to the West Indies in 1794. He the subsequently Forces io N servedovaScot as piae,ptltand on his way to Barbadoes with dispatches for Abercromby, he was taken by a French frigate, and remained a close prisoner at Guadaloupe for nine months, on a daily allowance of three biscuits and a quart of water. When exchanged, he was appointed Adjutant-Ge neral to the Forces in Nova Scotia. I n 1809 h e obtained the rank of Major-General, and was ap pointed to the Staff in India. On his passag e ttheerceonfrlopianny s ship lv tl-)eCapel - T od w h a a s m a , gain taken prisoner, in h after a severe act i on, b y -a French squadron in the Mozambique Ch a nn e l, and carried to the Isle of France, when, after being con fined two months, he was exchang e d, and sailed for Calcutta. He served there as second in command under Sir Samuel Auclimuty, on th e expedition against Java, which terminated in its conquest. For his services on that occasion he had the honour to re ceive a medal and the thanks of both Houses of Par liament. His next appointment Was to the command in Mysore and its dependencies, which he held until June, 1815, when be returned to England. He was promoted Lieut.- General, June 4, 1814, and General, Jan. 10,1837. FO la ß s n t, s f ii r t o n m Arundel Castle, on a visit to E.-The Duke of No\rVfo°lfik c a n t. s r i ved ABBEY, o n Friday B ED the Duke and Duchess of Bedf o rd. The Duchess and the Ladies Howard , had previously ar rived from Fornham hall, Suffolk. Di nners ,loneer t s , and private evening parties will be g i ven, an d th e i r Graces will receive a succession of visitors until the close of the next month. The Earl and Countess of Albemarle, Lord William Russell, Lord Foley, and the Hon. Miss Foley, and Lord Charles Russell, have been among the visitants; and his Royal Highness the Duke of Sussex and the . Duchess o f I nverness are expected on their annual visit to th e i r G races a b ou t the second week in the ensuing month. THE CORN BILL. The oppression and the misery caused by the ob noxious bill of 1815, and that which succeeded it in 1828, now drawing, we may hope, to a close, it may be interesting to ovr readers to know some pi'rticulars ' of the violent opposition made to it throughout the country, when the landlords, in their ignorance, first proposed a tax OR the great necessary of lire. The introduction into Parliament of a Bill to prohibit the importation of corn, except when it had reached a price considered by the great body of consumers ex orbitant, roused the indignation of the working classes. The internal tranquillity of the country, owing to this circumstance, had been for some time disturbed, though not to a degree affecting the public peace. One by one, however, the country towns, in which the agriculturists were the severest sufferers, grew violent on the "grain-question." These were the heavy heat. drops which preceded the thunder shower. Nearer and nearer the disturbances ap proached the metropolis, till scenes of riot ensued, which were put down, not by policemen or mili tary, but by the arrival of Bonaparte in France. The night preceding the first riots, hundreds of peti tions had been laid on the table of the House denoting the public feeling. Southwark sent 7,650 signatures ; Salford, 19,000; Nottingham, 1,800; Manche s t er , 54,000; London, rep resen t e d b y Sir William Curtis, with the autograph of every merchant, banker, and trader of note in the metropolis, signed 40,000 ; Leeds, Pontefract, and a score of other boroughs, and numbering their thousands, in an equal manner el *,dented the general feeling. The subsequent events we thus describe : About the usual hour of the meeting of Parliament on the 6th of March, dense groups had begun to as semble in different parts from George-street to Abing don-street, all declaiming against the Corn Bill, and vio lently inveighing against such of the Members as had been most active in support of it. Friendly or un friendly to the Bill, the Members were pointed out as they arrived, with " that is Lord Grenville—that Lord Stanhope—that the Chancellor of the Exchequer." Hooting or applause followed each announcement. Meanwhile loud shouts of "No Corn Bill" raised without the House, could be distinctly heard within it. For some time clamour alone was manifested : this, however, soon gave way to acts. Carriages now began to be stopped, and Members were forced to walk through the hissing and hooting. The constables were found insufficient for the preser vation of order. Many Members were placed in con siderable danger. The Attorney-General and Mr. Croker were assailed like miscreants. Sir Robert Heron had the skirts of his coat torn off, and was " shored about by the mob like a shuttlecock between two battledores."' Sir Frederick Flood was carried above 100 yards on the shoulders of the mob, " like mackerel from Billingsgate market, and he fancied they meant to quarter him.". Finally, a military force surrounded the House, by which alone the tu mults were suppressed. Driven from this scene, the populace, now swelled into thousands, repaired to other parts of the town, and early on the ensuing morning proceeded to Lord Eldon's in Bedford-square. The iron railings before the door were wrenched up, and used as weapons to force an entrance. The glass was broken, the furni ture destroyed; the military at the Museum were sent for, but the mischief was complete before they or the Guards arrived. Mr. Robinson's house was next attacked in Burlington-street. This gentleman had introduced the Corn Regulation Bill. The shutters were demolished, the door split in twain, the valuable pictures cut in pieces, and trampled in the street. Lord Darnley's, in Berkeley-square--Mr. Yorke's, in Bruton-street—Mr. Wellesley Pole's, in Saville-row—were all the object of attack and da mage. The Earl of Pembroke's carriage was broken to pieces on his return from the Lords. The house of Lord Ellenborough was surrounded by the mob, and the assault began. His Lordship presented himself at the door, and demanded the cause of the outrage on his dwelling. "No Corn Bill," was the reply. His Lordship then addressed them in a few words. The effect was happy ; and, cheering his Lordship, the mob departed. Such was the result of the first day's riot ; the se cond was more disastrous. The parade of Guards and foot-soldiers alone restrained the mob. Shots were fired, and one man pierced th rough the head. Port man-square, Harley-street, Portland-place, Wimpole street, and Finsbury-square, were successively the ob jects of attack. On the third day, the work of devas tation was again resumed. Lord Castlereagh's house was attacked, but the arrival of the military saved it from complete destruction. The doors of Mr. Pon sonby's house were battered with bullets. Opposite the house of Sir Joseph Banks the people assembled, crying out, " Bread, bread," - and demanding admis sion. When 'Sir Joseph was first apprised of the quality of his visitors, he desired his servants to admit them, but they had already forced themselves in through the doors and windows. In a few minutes the parlour was demolished, and boxes of valuable papers scattered in the street. On the ninth the east and west end had almeGt grown quiet. London was now environed with troops on all sides. Lord Castlereagh, of course, in the debates which followed upon these riots, considered the promoters and actors in them only in the light of " ignorant and unfortunate persons." The Chancellor of the Exchequer was still more caustic. "As to the petitions," said this gentleman, " which have been presented, no Member of the House felt more disposed to listen to them than he did; but at the same time he apprehended they were not to consider the opinions of furred gowns and gold chains, as authori tative on a subject like the present. It would become those Magistrates to open their Egyptian llall again, to call together the thousands and tens of thousands of petitioners, to tell them that they had upon their information petitioned Parliament without any just cause, to confess that their arithmetic was false, that their arguments were unsound, that their conclusions were erroneous, and that they had better re-consider the subject well before they petitioned agein, or—not petition at all." But spite of the " hear, hear," with which a crowded Commons, with its Ministerial benches, fol lowed up these valiant sentiments—spite of the sar casm launched at:the civic gownsmen, and the " ig norant thousands," impatient of taxation—spite of the scorn attempted to be cast by these " sitters in high places" upon the attempts of the people who were no longer to be oppressed by these corn edicts, the col lective spirit of the nation, however it might be re pulsed by class-legislation, has broken forth anew, and carried with it not only a Tory Government, but the very men who regarded the Corn •law as their only salvation. From all quarters we learn that the land lords look not to protection, but to industry and im provement in agriculture, and admit that the ignorant people in 1815 were better political economists than those who treated them as " hewers of wood and drawers of water." * These expressions were made use of by the Hon. Member in the House, "1 describing matters afterwards in debate. Lord Stanley's agent, Mr. Bolton, an excellent man, and an Englishman, has just received a most violent threatening notice, and is obliged to have two police men to protect him. He resides at Ballykisteen House, near the town of Tipperary. This is the way in which the agrarian code evinces its discrimination between a good and a bad landlord.— Dublin Mail. THE QUARTERLY REVIEW AND THE LEAGUE.-It is said that the stupid farrago of abuse which the Quarterly Review has lately issued against the League, was collected by an agent at Manchester, who was employed for that purpose by a certain legal gentle man sent a few months back to that neighbourhood. after the collection of local slander and abuse had been made, it was licked into shape, cooked, and pre pared by that ex-Tory functionary, Mr. Cumberland, some years ago described as a talking potatoe. The great value, then, of united labour has been not inac. curately described by the Past. 'When the article first appeared, that journal, caught by its attractive head ing, published a considerable portion of it, promising its readers that the whole of the invaluable production should appear in its columns. The day before yes terday, however, it informed them that it did not mean to carry its design into execution, be cause the bulk of the article consisted of extracts from the journals, many of which had before ap peared in that paper. The worthy at Manchester, therefore, and the worthy at London, have only brought together a heap of the idle tales, which were coined for the party journals, which were probably cried down the moment they were uttered, and which are so bad that the Post is now ashamed of them. The character of the article in the Quarterly has thus been fixed by the unwilling censure of the Post. THE GATHERING OF THE LEAGUE. GREAT AG•REGATE MEETINGS OF THE LEAGUE , AND BAN QUETS, ON MONDAY, JANUAR Y 30, 1843, AND FOL. LOWING DAYS.-Th 9 above meetings of the Leagne will commence on Monday, the 30th January, and be continued till Friday, the 4th February, in the fol lowing order :—On Monday, at twelve o'clock pre cisely, the election of Chairmen and Committees will take place. On Monday evening, at six o'clock, an aggregate meeting will be held in the Pavilion, Peter street, when the report of the progress of the great League Fund will be entered into.—On Tuesday, the meeting will be specially directed to the consideration of the Corn-laws as affecting the agricultural classes. —On 'Wednesday, to their effects upon manufactures and commerce.—On Wednesday evening, a great banquet will be given in the Pavilion, Peter -street. —On Thursday morning, the meeting will specially consider the effect of the Corn-laws on the physical, moral, and religious condition of the people.—On Thursday evening, a second great banquet will take place in Peter-street.—On Friday, the concluding meeting will be held, when the reports of the Com mittees will be presented for confirmation, and reso lution.; as to the future course of proceeding will be resolved upon.--Anti-Bread-tax Circular. THE MARQUESAS ISLANDS. The ilioniteur of Monday publishes the report of ' the occupation of the Marquesas Islands, addressed by Rear-Admiral Dupetit Thouars to the Minister of Marine, " dated on board the Reine Blanche frigate, Bay of 'Taiohae, June 18, 1842." He states that he reached Fatuiva (the southernmost of these islands) on the 26th of April. On the 28th he anchored on the western coast of Tahuata, Nrilere he mas immediately afterwards•waited upon by M. Francois de Paule, the superior of the French missionaries in the Pacific, and King Yotete. The subj ec t s o f t h e latter, it appears, had been guilty of some outrages against some Ame rican whalers, and, fearing reprisals, he applied for protection to the French. The Admiral replied that he would land a portion of his men and a few pieces of artillery for that purpose, provided that the King consented to recognise the sovereignty of King Louis Philippe. This proposal was accepted, and it was agreed between them that the occupation should take place on the Ist of May. On that day, accordingly, the Admi ral landed with his staff and a guard of honour, and after formally taking possession of the island of Ta huata and of the south-east group of the Marquesai, the tri coloured flag was unfurled. The act of sub mission was signed by Yotete. On the same day, M. Dupetit Thouars, accompanied by the latter, pro• seeded to select the spot on which the French esta blishment should be formed; and the ncxt day the works were commenced and carried on with so much activity, that on the 22d the barrack for the accom modation of the 120th company of Marines, which con stituted the garrison, a large storehouse, an oven, and a gunpowder magazine, were completed. On the 23d, just as the Reine Blanche was preparing to sail for Nukuhiva, the Admira having heard that a Spaniard whom he had engaged as an interpreter had been assailed by an individual well known to be the blind instrument of the will of the King, he immediately waited on the King, and told the assailant in his presence, that if he offered another insult to any in dividual of the establishment, he would transport him to some distant region, whence he would never re turn to his country. The same man having two days afterwards pursued an Englishman into the garden of the Catholic missionary, where he would have killed him, but for the timely interference of the supe rior, M. Dupetit Thouars repaired to the King's resi dence, and not finding him, sent for his nephew, who spoke good English, and bade him tell his uncle that if he did not return forthwith, he would depose him, and maize him (the nephew) King in his stead. This young man set out in search of Yotete, and found him concealed in a wooded ravine, near the bay of lianamiliai, and delivered to him his message. The King, however, refused to follow him, and re plied that he would only return in the company of the superior of the mission. M.-Francois de Paule did not hesitate to undertake that mission, and re turned soon after with the King, his wife, and their eldest son. Yotete confessed his guilt, and admitted having concealed hiniself from fear. The Admiral re proached him with want of confidence in him, and told him that he was not accountable for the crime of another, if he had not acted by his orders. He then enjoined him to give up the offender, promising that he would merely detain him on board for a few days, and do him no harm, and said that he would keep his son as a hostage until he fulfilled that condition. Yotete was very much affected by that resolve, and landed with the apparent intention of satisfying the Admiral ; but two days having gone by and Paanau, the individual in question, not b e i ng delivered up, the lteine Blanche sailed for the Bay of Taiohae, in the island of Nukuhiva, bringing with him young Timao, the son of the King, and the superior of the mission, who was anxious to know the fate of some clergymen who had gone to Nukuhiva and Uapou. The frigate having anchored in the bay of Ilakahan, the residence of the King of Uapou, a boat was sent ashore, and brought back intelligence that M. Caret and the missionaries had been driven from the island three months before. On the 31st of May M. Dupe tit Thouars cast anchor in the bay of Taiohae, and sent for the King, w h o h as t ene d t o repa i r on Lard. After conversing for some time with him, through the medium of M. Francois de Paule, he proposed to him to recognise King Louis Philippe, offering to leave a garrison in the bay for his defence, and to compel the tribe of Taoias to make peace with him, and restore his wife, whom they had carried off by surprise. The King readily consented, and on the Ist of June the principal chiefs of the latter having met the French, peace was concluded, the sovereignty of Louis Phi lippe was recognised, and on the next day formal pos session was taken of the island of Nukuhiva, and of the north western group of the Marquesas. On the same day the French pitched their tents in the bay of Kakapehi, at the foot of Mount Tabiva, where they immediately set about constructing a fort, called Collet (the name of the Captain of a corvette of the expedition, who was appointed commander of that sec • tion of the archipelago). On the 4th, the Reine Blanche was joined by the Triomphante corvette, which had recently visited the islands Gambier, where the Catholic missionaries had just erected a church, at the inauguration of which the crew of the corvette had assisted. On the 7th the Julius Ctesar arrived, with eight months' provisions for the personnel of the two establishments, between which the artillery and cannoneers who reached in the Triomphante were equally divided. On the 9th M. Dupetit Thouars, accompanied by the superior of the mission, visited the dominions of King Temoana, renewed with the chiefs of the Traoias the treaty concluded on board the frigate, and M. Franeoi:, de Paule succeeded by his exhortation to in duce Taipis, the wife of Temoana (who, it appears, became enamoured, during her captivity, of a young 'l'aoia chief) to return with her husband. The Julitu Caesar having brought a stallion, two mares with foal, and a number of asses, M. Dupetit Thouars made a present of the former to Temoana. The Gazette of Tuesday contains an Order in Council declaring that Austrian vessels and their car goes, consisting of su c h of the p ro d uce o f G a li c i a as can he legally imported into the United Kingdom and the British possessions abroad, from the ports of Austria, by the said vessels 'shall, when coming from Odessa, be admitted into the ports of the United Kingdom, and of the British possessions abroad, in as full and ample a manner as if the port of Odessa were within the dominions of Austria; and such vessels shall be permitted to import the produce above men tioned upon the same terms on which the said produce might be imported if coming from Austrian ports. , EDUCATION IN GE.RMANY.—As to the religious alarms, the slightest inspection of the working of the German schools in this respect would satisfy the most scrupulous. Nothing is so simple and so satis factory. The ord;nary teachers do not meddle with religion ; this is taught to the children by their own minister on days set apart. All goes on smoothly as a locomotive on a good railway, in which nobody troubles himself about proselyting his neighbour. Here are no fears, no jealousies, no proselyting, nor growth of any particular evil, except what some of our countrymen consider the greatest—general education. As to spoiling the working classes, how ever, or ffirng their heads with any idea of leaping out of their own class and proper pursuits, this is ADJOURNMENT. just the point on which such timorous persons would Mr. LEWIS postponed his motion relative to the be the most astonished. In fact, the general results practice of moving adjournments of the Court of Pro of universal education, beyond the promotion of u ni- P rietors by way of amendment to a motion. versal order, are very diff erent to what we would EMPLOYMENT OF NATIVES. a priori have imagined.—Howitt's Rural and Domestic Mr. SULLIVAN said that, in advocating the important Life of Germany. question which he was about to submit to the Court, NOVEL WAY TO OBTAIN A CIIRISTMAS DINNER.— it was only to remove the injurious misapprehensions How to obtain a dinner on Christmas day has often which prevailed respecting it, and he was induced to puzzled a great many; but for the last two years the bring it forward only from an imperious sense a following novel plan ha; been adopted by many duty. It was to him, besides, a matter of serious licensed victuallers of this metropolis, so that their i m p o rtance, as a great part of his property was in. customers shall have a dinner on Christmas-day, with vested in India ; and in twenty months the book debts something t o wash it down :—About three or four in that country had fallen from a premium of 12 per months before Christmas a society is formed, under cent. to a discount of 1 per cent. The Hon. Member the somewhat peculiar name of the " Goose Club," then went into a statement to show the great deto tbe members of which are called on to pay 6d. per rioration which had of late taken place in funded and week. About three days before Christmas-day the other property in that part of our possessions. In " drawing for the geese" takes place, the holder of former difficulties the India Government had No. 1 having first choice, and so on in rotation. Every always in prospect some certain means of relief; inemLer is entitled to a goose and a bottle of spirits. if they were at war, they bad victory in the Even ‘N. a s t hseearßeevaeos e The number of geese consumed in this manner cannot p e rspective, and when they conquered they either be estimated ; but at one house in Somers-town no gained territory or pecuniary compensation for their exception r —the t o m t o h s e t d g i: . fewer than 140 geese are ordered, each of them to ti e s x t p r e o zes o . f all weigh 101bs. THE DUTCH, AND PRACTICAL HYDRAULICS. — In neral rule ; for not only was considerable territory noticing various hydraulic devices, I have endea- added to our dominions by the success in that war, vour( d to award honour to whomsoever it was due; but a large sum of money was extorted from the to say nothing of the ancients, with whom most of enemy to indemnify us for our expenses. T 1 Co The HP. them originated, it may here be observed that the pany had no longer a monopoly in commerce to re- Germans were the earliest cultivators a prat- crud their exhausted treasury, and he trusted that no tical hydraulics in modern ti m es. The Dutch one now looked to a revenue from a tax upon (part of that people) c ontributed to ext en d op i um.—(llear, hear.) Without a reduction of knowledge expenditur e it was impossible to retrieve Dutchmana constructed nventi th o e ns. famous ma- a ma. the financial difficulties of the G ov ernment. w ho of t heir i chinery at Marli ; and England was indebted to It was th e op i nion of every person acquainted with ano ther for her first water-works at London-bridg e . t h e affairs of British India, that the best way to ini- The simplest pump-box or piston known— prove the the invert e d condition of the inhabitants of that nim, cone of leather — is of German origin, and so is the tub e and to render mi its possession valuable to us, was tca pump of Musehenbrock. Hose for fire engines, both admit the natives to offices of trust and emolument. f leather and canvass, was invented by Dutchmen. The Hon They carri.l the chain pump of China t o th e i r settle- Member then quoted several authoritir, in ments in India, and also to Europe. Van Bra support of this opinion, and showing that imd'er the am Mongol and all the Mohammedan dynasties, liindoos brought it to the United States. A G erman i nvented were eligible to all offices in the State, 'These au• the air-pump ; and the first high pr essure steam-en- thorities had hitherto had no weight, and it was on gine figured in books was by another. As regards this account he thought it time to bring the subject hydraulic machinery, the Dutch h ave b een to the under the consideration of the Court. There were holding offices in moderns in some degree what the Egyptians were now upwards of 800 Europeans to the ancients—their teachers. The physical geo- possession of the country India, which, before o'ar graphy of Holland and Egypt necessarily led the in- were filled, under tb., MohaTnmedan rulers, by native habitants of both countries to cultivate to the utmost Hindoos. But the emplo - iment of Hindoos in these extent the art of rai s i n , Wate _ . Give the Government a means of very 1 draining water off land, irst occurr c Windmills for situations would in modern days) great retronchlwent ; because a Hindoo would be as in Holland. It is, indeed, the constant employment well off upon 'one-fourth of the income which would of this element—wind —that preserves the Dutch be neeessar f to an F ro from destruction by another ; for, as a nation, they from o.' tune new e . of our occupation of . any are in much the same predicament they formerly put territh . it ,u pean of the same rank. Yet unruly felons in—viz. confining each in a close vault remr rY ' ve every Hindoo, or other native, from the with a pump, and then admitting a stream of water, r .Jst which was our practice, hitherto, to ' ' L. had held under the previous vern that required his unceas i ng e ff o rts to pump out, to , 1 ment, and t o put a E uropean i n hi s place—the Eu prevent himself from drowning.—Ewbank's Hydrat:d. tc I ropeans adding to the insult by invariably treating Machinery. EAST INDIA H OUSE. COURT OF PROPRIETORS, The General Quarterly Court of the Proprietors of East India Stock was held on Tuesday morning at twelre, in the Court-room at the East India House, in Leadenhall-street; Sir James L. Lushington, Chairman of the Court of Directors, in the chair. The minutes of the proceedings of the last Court were read by the Secretary. The CHAIRMAN laid before the Court the accounts for the quarter. AFFGH AN WAR. Mr. SALONIONS rose to bring forward the motion of which he had given notice, relative to the Affghan war, more:particularly with regard to the expense attending that war. He was now enabled to bring it forward under happier auspices, than he could have done at the lust Court. Now, instead of having to Aide to the desertion of Caubul, he could refer with plea sure to the successes of our arms in that country, and to the adoption of a line of policy, which sepa rated us for ever from any further connexion with Affghanistan.—(Hear.) any eongratuated the Court on the adoption of this line of policy. The Hon. Proprietor then passed a high eulogium on the conduct of the troops under the command of Generals Nutt and Pollock, and more particularly the glorious defence of Jellalabad, by Sir Robert Sale, to the conduct of whose heroic lady a great part of our successes inignt be attributed. It was impossible to bring forward his motion without alluding to the achievements of that army, and he congratulated the Court of Directors and the British army on the successes which that army had achieved. He also congratulated the Court and the country on the change of policy which had taken place. The policy of Lord Auckland was a great blunder, and it was to the honour of the present Government that they had changed it. He was opposed to what had seemed to be the policy of the Directors for some years past, namely, to submit in everything to the Executive Government- They should, therefore, review the conduct of the Court of Directors, and of the Board of Control, in under taking t his war. He was glad the policy was abandoned, although he did not ap prove of the terms on which that change of policy had been announced by the Governor-General. The war was one of a European character , and it was necessary to know if th e Directors had taken those measures for the protection of the natives of India. It was necessary that they should know all the protests made against the war, and also what were the r instructions of the Secret Committee to Lord A uckland. lie knew that political questions ought not to be lightly entertained by this Court, but in a question of this nature it was the duty of the Court of Proprietors to interfere, as that Court was better fitted for the discussion of such questions than Parliament ; and notwithstanding the war was at an end, the policy on which it had been undertaken ought to be discussed ; for if it had been undertaken for European objects, the whole expense of it ought not to be thrown upon India alone, It was their duty to watch narrowly the finances of India. In two years the revenue of India, had been deficient five millions, and judging from what took place at the close of the Burmese war, there would be every probability of that deficit increasing. He moved that there be laid before the next Court a statement of the expense of the Affghan war, an account of all loans raised to cover the expenses of that war, and also a copy of the protest of Dlr. Tucker, and any other Director, against the war. Mr. LEWIS seconded the motion. The CiwrimAN objected to lay the accounts at pre • sent before the Court, because they could not pos sibly be yet made out accurately ; when they could be so made out there would be no objection to laving them before the Court. There had been one "loan raised redeemable at five per cent., to v Lich 3,800,0001. had been subscribed, and he thought there were ho reasons why further subscriptions should be received. Ile certainly objected to the production of the protests. The motion was then put, and negatived NI ithout a division. RAJA OF SATTARA. Mr. LEWIS, in bringing forward his motion rela tive to the Raja of Sattara, trusted he should not be met with a motion of adjournment. The subject of the guilt or innocence of the Raja of Sattara had been discussed in the Court, on which occasion Ge ' neral Lodwick, who had been one of the Sattara Commissioners, gave it as his opinion that the evidence was not sufficient to support the charges against the Raja of Sattara—that the Raja had not had a fair trial, that he had not been permitted to be present at the inquiry, that he had not been permitted to have the assistance of an advo cate, either native or European, to support his cause, and that he had been refused a copy of the depositions of the witnesses. These statements had produced a strong sensation in the public mind from the source from whence they had emanated. General Lodwick had been a member of the Commission. Ile had en tered on the inquiry with strong prepossessions against the Raja. He had heard the evidence (,f the Soubadars, and of' Ballajee Punt .Nattoo, and in consequence of their representations, General Lod wick had sugge3ted to the Bombay Government the pro priety of making the inquiry. Under these circum stances, it was not surprising that the statements of Gen. Lodwick should have produced a strong sensation in the Court. The other members of the Commission thinking that their conduct had been reflected on by that statement, had presented a petition to the Bengal Government in vindication of their conduct. That petition had been brought forward in the Court of Proprietors by an lion. Proprietor (Mr. Fielden), who had evidently come forward under the guidance of high authority. Mr. FIELDEN—No, no ; I deny that. I came for ward solely on my own responsibility, without any connection with the Court of Directors. The CHAIRMAN said that since their last meeting additional papers had been received, and it would be impossible for the Court of Proprietors to come to a just decision on the subject until those papers should have been laid before them. He always wished to put a stop to the discussion. The Court of Proprietors had twice shown a desire by their votes that the discussion should be brought to a close. Of course if the Hon. Proprietor wished to bring forward the discussion, it would be impossible to prevent him ; but if the dis cussion were to go on, it would be for the advantage of all parties that the additional papers recently re ceived should be laid before the Court. He would, therefore, suggest to Mr. Lewis the propriety of post poning his motion df t u t n ies t ioiltntallFasoeub,piaecas r‘gsvusahsilottuyoldeolbl:aiptnrtirtluth. inno centan d3ltro. person s B t s i s a h s l ai ld i if the lion. Chairman assured him that these additional papers were calculated to throw light upon the question of the guilt or inno cence of the Raja, he would postpone his motion until the papers should be printed, on the understand ing that a day should be fixed before the next Quar terly Court for the discussion. The CHAIRMAN intimated his assent to Mr. Lewis' proposition, and the motion was withdrawn for filo present. I