The Sun. — London, England, 1855-12-12 00:00:00

THEATRE ROYAL, HIYMARKF:T. Under the Management of Mr. Buckstone. THIS EVE NLN G. Will be performed TILE BUSY BODY. Characters by Messrs. Howe, Chippenda'e, Rogers, W. Farren, and Buckstone ; Misses Reynolds and E. Chaplin. After which, the Spanish Dancers. Followed by THE LITTLE TREASURE. After which, a BALLET, by the Spanish Dancers. To conclude with A DAUGHTER TO MARRY. MADAME JENNY GOLDSCHMIDT-LIND . EXETER-HALL, Monday Evening, Dec 17. Mr. MITCHELL respectfully announces that Mendelssohn's Ora orlo of ELIJAH will be performed on Monday next, Dec. 17. Principal Singers : Madame GOLDSCHMIDT , Miss Messent, Mr. Lawler, and Affss Dolby, Mr. Lockey, r U. Braham. Doors open at Seve M n,. to commence at Eight o'clock. Haydn's Oratorio of TIIE CREATION will be repeated on Thurs day, Dec. 27, in which Madame Goldsclunidt will sing the principal Soprano part. The Chorus and Orchestra for these performances will consist of mare than 600 performers. Conductor, M. Benedict. Prices of admission . — Se ats in the Area, Seven ShlllingS ; West Gallery and Body of the Mil, Ten Shillings and Sixpence; Reserved and Numbered Seats, Si. Is. All applications in reference to Mr. and Madame Goldschmidt's intended Concerts, either in London or the Provinces, to be addressed to Mr. Mitchell, Royal Library, 33, Old Bond-street, London. MJIILLIEN'S CONCERTS. • ROYAL ITALIAN OPERA, COVENT-GARDEN. Most positively the Last Night but Three. The Fall of Sebastopol Quadrille.—ll Trovatere.—Madame Gassier. The Programme for THIS EVENING (Wednesday, Dec. 12, will include—Overture, Fidelio (last time this season) ; I'ietro it Grande Quadrille ; Andante from Mozart's Symphony in E fiat ; Wild Flowers Valse (second time this season) ; Ah non giunge, and 0 luce di quest' anima, sang by Madame Gassier; the Warsaw Varsonien second time) ; Duo Conce taste, violin and violoncello, by Messrs. V. and G. Collins ; Grand Quadrille, the Fall of Sebastopol, assisted by the Military Bands; grand Operatic Selection from II Trovatore ; the Allrgretto in B fiat from Beethoven's Symphony in F ; the Cor net Polka ; Solo, Oboe, by bf. Lavigne - ; and the Atlantic Galop. Commence at 8. Promenade and boxes, Is. ; dress circle, is. Gd. ; private boxes, 125., 1/.15., and I/. Ils . 6d. M. Jullien's Grand Annual Bal Masque will take place OR Mon day, next, Dec. 17, 1855. IMITH'S GRAND BAL MASQUE at DRURY LANE, for the MILLION. Reduced prices, but increased amusement.—Promenade, 7s 14 ; private boxes, for two persons, 10s. 6d.; for four, one guinea ; dress circle, 2s. 6d. ; boxes and galleries, Is. Mr. E. T. Smith, Lessee, respectfully informs the Nobility, Gen try, and Pnblic, that a GRAND BAL MASQUE will take place at the above Theatre on WEDNESDAY, December 12, on a scale of mag nitude and expense never before attempted. A superb salon de danse, 400 feet in length, embellished and decorated with illuminated Powers, variegated lamps, and novel devices. Enlarged orchestra, well-appointed masters of the ceremonies, all the new dances, music, &c. Ticket., 7s. 6d. each, to be obtained at the principal music sellers and librarians, and at the theatre. Several thousand varie gated lamps, by Duffel'. The whole of the novel gas fittings under the superintendence of Mr. Jones, of Bow-street, assisted by Mr. Palmer. The decoratiops by Dickwynken, assisted by Mr. Need ham. The Bowers and scenery arranged by Mr. Tucker. The re freshments by Messrs. Scott and Watling, of Piccadilly and Pimlico. Masters of the Ceremonies under the direction of Mr. Jarvis. 'I he police under Superintendant Hancock. The Box-office under the Superintendence of Mr. Chatterton. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE, 0 XFOR D-ST RE ET. Under the Management of Mr. CoAamts Kw!. THIS EVENING Will be performed HOW STOUT YOU'RE GETTING; After which, KING HENRY THE EIGHTH. Queen Katha rine, Mrs. C. Kean; Cardinal Wolsey, Mrs. C. Kean. To conclude with A GAME OF ROMPS. THEATRE ROYAL ADELPHT. Proprietor, Mr. B. Webster.—Directress, Madame Celeste THIS EVENING, Will be performed MARIE DUCANGE ; or, The Jersey Girl. Followed by THE CAMP AT CHOBITAIM. To conclude with VALENTINE AND ORSON. ROYAL OLYMPIC THEATRE, THIS EVENING, Will be perrormed Sr ILL WATERS DEEP. Followed by £5 REWARD. To conclude with CATCHING A MERMAID. ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE. Lessee, Mr. J. 11. Anderson, IS, Norfolk-street, Strand. LAST FEW DAYS. Increased Attractions, and success in equal ratio THIS, AND EVERY EVENING, at Eight o'Clock, Will be presented, with entirely New and Ma9;niflcent Appoint ments, MAGIC and ITY:iTERY, in twelve acts, arranged in two parts, by Professor Anderson. After which, the startling ithistrations of Spirit-Rapping. 11. LF AN-LIOUR wint THE SPIRITS, being the most surprising an I nteresting series of experiments over given within the walls of any theatre. Revival, in an Improved form, of the astonnding novelty 101E1 Startled London 10 years ago, the GREAT GUN TRICK ! Prices of admission:—Private Boxes, It. Ile. 61. ail l/. Is. ; Orchestra Stalls, 45.; Dress Boxes, 33.; Upper Boxes, 24. ; Pit, Is.; Gallery, 64. No Half-price. Box-office open from 11 to 5 daily. Grand Morning Performance on Saturday Next at Two o'Clock. Doors open at Half-past One. ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE. Lessee and Manager, Mr. Wm. Cooke. Immense success of Rookwood ! This spirited and excitin; Hippodrome (with Turpin's Ride to York) embraces the principal events of Ainsworth's Rookwood. THIS EVENING, TURPIN'S RIDE to YORK ; or, the Heir of Rookwood. Hair breadth escapes of Turpin. Terrific leap over a five-barred gate by the mare Black " Bess," traine3 by Mr. William Cooke. Last Week of Mlle. Clementine Soullier in the SCENES of the CIRCLE. Mr. J. H. Cooke's FLIGHT of the BRIDGE, &c To conclude with a number of Amusing Entertainments. Gigantic preparations are making for the Grand Christmas Panto mime, written by Mr. Nelsen Lee. Itox-olice open from Eleven till Four. Stage Manager, Mr. W. West. Equestrian Director, Mr. W. Cooke. !ult. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. TEN DAY—Morn. 32 min. aft. s —Evening 54 min. aft. 3 TO-MoßßOw—Morn. 17 min.aft. 4 —Evening 33 min. aft. 4 THE WEATHER—SUN OFFICE, Dec. 12. TLIERIIOIIETER, IN THE SHADE. 39 highest since noon yesterday. 3 t—iowest this morning and during the night. 37—this day at noon. BAROMETER, 29 . 82 falling rapidly. Wrgr, , W.—Moderate, with dull hazy weather. Snow in the night. ~~. ~~ ~~, c __*l t_ ~~, 13 ~ , . ~' fi i ~~~ w %- e ci LONDON, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 12, 1855. THE RUMOURED FALL OF KARS. Kars—they say—has fallen. We cannot in duce ourselves to believe it. We cannot for the life of us credit so very easily the rumour of any such unexpected and most lamentable disaster. We have altogether too large a confidence in the strategical resources of our own gallant WILLIAMS, we have altogether too implicit a reliance upon th© unflagging energies and upon the unflinching determination of the brave KMETY, to yield our faith at once so very readily to the statements now put forth upon no discernible authority that ISMAIL PACHA (KMETY) has contrived to effect his escape, and that the English General (Win nums) has been compelled to offer to the Russians terms of a tardy but inevitable capitulation. The intelligence which has arrived to this purport, still, we conceive, requires confirmation. Granted that our " wish" is father to our unbelief, granted that we may even now to all appearance be only hoping against hope—still, we repeat, whatever may be the construction placed upon our incredu lity, we do feel a very extraordinary reluctance to accept, as beyond all further doubt, the assurance that Kars has fallen, that General MOURAVIEFF has triumphed, that General KMETY has retreated, that General WILLIAMS has been driven by famine to capitulate. Let us g i ve very briefly the grounds for our incredulity. L et us state simply and plainly the reasons why we conceive ourselves justified iu still hoping that the beleaguered city has held out to the last against its assailants. It must bo ob the first in s t ance, that the an served, then, in nouncement of the fall of Kars comes to us from a direction, to say the least of it, exc eedingly sus picious. It was intimated first of all in the Ger man Frankfort Journal that the garrison, ra vaged at once by famine and typhus, despaired altogether 01 being able to maintain their defence beyond the 18th of November. But discredit appears to be at once cast upon this announcement by the double circumstance that the statement thus made by the Frankfort Journal was dated as far back as the 3d of November, and that the news re ceived directly from Asia itself exceeds the time actually calculated therein, coming down indeed as recently as the 19th (not the 18th, observe ! but the 19th) of Novemb er . A t which last-mentioned date WO know that Kars had not fallen, that General KM= had not retreated, that General MOURANIEFF had not triumphed, that General WILLIAMS had not capitulated. Again, whereas the correspondent of the p ays has spoken of various unsatisfactory rumours an THE SEJN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 12, 1855. being current of late in Constantinople, to the effect that the heroic defenders of Kars have been compelled to succumb under the pressure simul taneously of disease and starvation, not a syllable is said by our blustering and bumptious old friend the Invalide Busse, corroborative of any such victory to the banners of the CZAR ! And surely, as Galignani itself has suggested, the official organ of the Russian Government would not remain thus modestly silent about a triumph like this won by the Muscovite soldiers under the command of General MOURAVIRFF There is one misfortune, certainly, about the situation of Kars, a peculiarity very lamentable under existing circumstances, we mean the really deplorable fact, that the man entrusted with the responsibility of carrying relief to the beleaguered garrison is a general like SELIM PACHI, one of those hesitating, do nothing, laissez-faire, fainéant captains, un happily so numerous among the Turkish com manders. From Erzeroum to Kars it is a dis tance very nearly of a hundred miles, as from Kars to Kutais it is a distance of upwards of a hundred. According to advices from Erzeroum, dated the 13th ult., it was stated that OMER PACHI had already by that time entered Kutais, the victori ous commander-in-chief having previously com pelled the enemy to beat a retreat successively from Sugdidi and lisurghetti. According to later accounts from the same quarter, it appears that SELIM PACHA having promised to set forth, at the latest upon the 14th, on his projected march for the relief of Kars, had postponed his eagerly looked-for movement until the 16th, and was expected to delay and delay still later, notwith standing all the urgent representations made to him upon the folly of such procrastination by the various English officers stationed at Erzeroum. Re membering that every day all that while has been of vital import to the garrison of Kars : bearing in mind, moreover, that the forces actually under the orders of SELIM amounted, according to the last advices from his head-quarters, to 5,000 infantry, to 1,500 regular and 500 ir regular cavalry, together with 24 guns, and from 1,500 to 2,000 Bashi-Bazouks : and knowing well, as we do, that the only obstacle to an ad vance of this inestimable assistance towards Kars was discernible only in a small Russian column numbering merely from 3,000 to 4,000 in the aggregate, and armed simply with six guns of very moderate calibre—it becomes absolutely mad dening to reflect upon the jeopardy in which the heroicWlLLlams and his valiant "brother in arms and rival in renown," the brave K.airrv, have been placed, wilfully and shamefully placed, by SELIM PACHI'S suspicious, if not actually criminal, hesitation. Even yet, we maintain, it is still to be hoped that the defence already made by the garrison of Kars has not been all in vain, but that, even though it be at the eleventh hourand three-quarters, assistance may at last have enabled the famished and fever-stricken heroes to escape the calamity of a capitulation. Should, however, the worst fears of their friends be ulti mately realised, in spite of all their burning aspi rations to the contrary, it must be remembered of these glorious soldiers of Kars, how bravely they have maintained their position to the very last, until driven out of it by the irresistible force of deadly disease and utterly prostrating starva tion. Be it remembered, in that extreme event—which GOD forefend—that even heroes cannot achieve impossibilities, and that his tory relates how even MASSENA, in 1800, even MASSENA, the " spoilt child of victory," perhaps the greatest in some respects of all the great Marshals of NAPOLEON, was compelled, by the sheer force of famine, to capitulate at Genoa, while the First Consul was annihilating, as by one crashing thunderbolt of war, the Austrian power over Italy upon the bloody plain of Ma rengo. Whatever betide them say we therefore —Honour to the Heroes of Kars, to KszETY, to WILLIAMS, to the whole glorious garrison ! Why, however, in the name of humanity, in the name of common sense, in the name of HEAVEN, why have not the Allies sent long since to the relief of Kars not 6,000 or 8,000 Turks, but 10,000 or 12,000 Frenchmen ? Why, in stead of leaving all to the dilatory caprice of SELIM PACHA, have we not entrusted to a dashing General like BOSQUET or WINDHAM, the enviable privilege of carrying succour to the beleaguered garrison of Kars ? Why not have landed aid such as this not at Trebizond or Surmenah, but at Rizah or Atenah—enabling the gallant soldiers under IsmaiL PACHA and Gen. WILLIAMS tolook for assistance not to a handful of Bashi-Bazouks and irregular Turkish horsemen, but to an adequate army of relief composed of Zouaves or of High landers ? Why ? again and again we ask, in the name of humanity, of common sense, of HEAVEN, Why ? The answer, we fear, may be discoverable partly in the lukewarmness of the authorities at home, and partly in the incompetence, or, speaking otherwise more plainly, in the lack of good gene ralship among the authorities abroad, at the seat of war, in fact among the Allied Commanders-in- Chief ! The Vienna peace bubbles have burst already, and unless they had. been something substantial the sooner the illusion vanishes the better. Satisfied as we are that a premature peace would be a very costly one, it yet was hardly possible to escape the fascinations of " peace and plenty." With the majority of us fancy strove to impo e on judgment, and if as journalists we did not ex press all we felt, it was because we would not be guilty of cherishing and propagating pleasing but mischievous delusion. We can have no more relish than other persons for War taxes, and War prices ; but we owe to the public the grave duty of not pandering to our com mon wishes, but of encouraging the sub ordination of the most reasonable desires to the claims of national duty and the permanent welfare of this country and of Europe. It is, however, now pretty generally acknow ledged that Russia has made no sign of peace, and that Austria and Prussia are not the bearers of any propositions likely to satisfy the Allies, and of which they can guarantee their acceptance by Russia. At the same time no party has the im pudence to pretend that Austria can be regarded for a moment, if she affect again to act the part of mediatrix, and to preside in a conference with the plenipotentiaries of the belligerents. It is only as a herald that she can now be listened to. If Russia chose to employ her in that capacity we might listen to Russia avowedly speak ing through her, but it would surely cost Louis place his throne and Lord PALMERSTON his a if they were caug ht i n th e t rap o f A us t r i an jugglery a second time. What a different cam paign would this summer's have been if that in fernal machine at Vienna had not deterred army, navy, and Cabinets from adequate winter prepa rations and early spring activity. Now that Consols aro falling again, and St. no as k reasonable ourselves aud it isP Paris r t a h l k w e h i l g e i v t e o Petersburg hope of peace, whether the War is really the cause of most of the evils we complain of. Taxation, i s a measurable and certain difference. We know how much more we have to pay in that shape. But when the War is saddled with the pressure on the money market, with the high prices of food and the deadness of trade, we incline to think it but in small part answerable for these things. We much doubt whether, if preliminaries of peace were signed to-morrow, the effect would not be, possibly, a momentary lowering of prices, but as certainly a rapid rise again to their present level, or very nearly so. Our reason for thinking so is, that our general trade, our manufactures, exports, and imports, are in as satisfactory a state as in most years of peace. The production of the country has not fallen off ; and so late as October the number of ships which cleared both in wards and outwards with their tonnage was considerably more in 1855 than in 1854, amount ing, indeed, in the latter case, to a difference of one thousand ships, and two hundred and twenty five thousands of tonnage It cannot be supposed, then, that production is checked. Again, the working classes are on the whole earning higher wages than ever, and in most cases the rise is equal to the advanced cost of living. It must be borne in mind that a vast part of the War expenditure employs our forges, our woollen manufacturers, our shipwrights, and our artisans in almost every line. By far the larger part of the money is spent on the productions of this country ; we fully believe that to the great mass of our working men the return of peace will bring a diminution rather than an in crease of employment ; at least we must think it improbable that prices will fall materially, while it is almost certain that the demand for labour will be less. Even the money sent to the East is far from being unserviceable to the English workman. It is a striking fact that the exports of English produce to the East, not connected directly with the War, amounts to the enormous sum of five millions and a half more than in 1853. To that extent or thereabouts the money our armies have spent in the East has been returned by the natives in the purchase of produce shipped from British ports. It would be well if, when our peace orators are declaim ing to our workmen on the War and the little loaf, they would also inform them that Turks, Syrians, Egyptians, &c., have purchased Lye millions and a half more, through the War itself, of the produce of their labour. Our working classes are not, it is true, the recreants which a few of their betters would make them, but they ought to know that the trade which maintains them is, perhaps, on the whole in creased rather than diminished by the War. One fact is undeniable, the increase of our trade with the countries bordering on the Levant, the Arche pelago, and the Black Sea, is Rauch larger than the total of our previous trade with Russia ! So much for the injury of the War to trade. But then the high prices and the uneasy money market—are not these caused by the war ? Not in all cases, certainly. We have more sugar and tea than peace would have given us ; since they have become luxuries hardly procurable in Rus sia, her consumption of it is nearly all left in the Western markets, yet sugar is now fully 50 per cent. dearer than in the summer. There is much reason to think that had the spare wheat of Russia been thrown also upon the markets of the West it would not have affected its price appreciably. In many parts of Russia itself the crop was deficient ; and so deficient in closely adjoining countries that we are told there is no profit on shipments from Dantzic. The plain truth is, that America is the only corn-growing country blessed this year with a plentiful harvest—that Europe has suffered from deficient crops, and that we are so far better off than our neighbours as to have been most frequently the exporting country. That the principal exports of Russia, such as cotton and hemp, should be dear is a matter of course ; that, however, is but an inconsiderable burden. As to the high price of money, it is mere besging the question to attribute that to the War. The currency laws are still as artificial as the corn laws were till lately ; till they also are brought under the grand principles of Free Trade, the value of money will be no index of the natural condition of the money market, and no inference can be draWn from its actual state. We all know that in time of the profoundest peace money has more than once been dearer than it is even now. Under a natural system its value would, of course, fluc tuate ; but, as with corn and sugar at the pre sent time, it would doubtless be easy for us to discover the causes. We do not mean to assert that the War affects us in no way bnt through the tax-gatherer ; but if the compensations which it brings to trade are taken into account, we cannot but think its effects most absurdly exaggerated. They are the easiest JACK CADE clap-trap with which to catch the multi tude, and though the multitude seems slow to take the bait, it will be long held out to them. We need not think the wheat and meat orators dishonest ; they no doubt easily believe what looks so plau sible an argument for their predetermined con clusion, but it is so much the more to the credit of those who cannot see through it that they will not sell the national honour for the mess of pot tage. All honour to the working men of Eng land. Mr. COBDEN will not persuade them to change profitable employ for a soldier's life, to prove their English spirit, but also ho will not persuade them, by promises of a cheap loaf, to shake hands too quickly with the Despot of Despots. The English soul of the most illiterate amongst them hates the whole tribe of people crushers, and they would gladly pay their last penny rather than see our Army and Navy slink off without giving Russia " a good thump ing." It is ourious to think what a host of in genious evasions we should have, if those who charge high prices, (tc., to the War were required by a sudden windfall of peace to verify the charges after that event ? Were it really proba ble, we believe few indeed would make contracts on the strength of their own arguments, to sell at ten or twenty per cent. lower after the War was terminated. Even at the eleventh hour the Government has availed itself of the clause in the Act of 1844, and permitted the Bank of England to increase the amount of Securities in the Issue Department by 475,0004, the amount which,eaurnlydetrwoth-tehiprdrosvoisfio7nl22,o6f23thl.o, statute, might have been circulated by bankers who have ceased to issue their own notes. This m ay afford some temporary relief, but it is clearly inadequate to meet the exigencies of the case, or to form even a foundation for a permanent ar rangement. It is perhaps right, as Parliament will not meet before the end of January, that ad vantage should be taken of the existing l aw , so as to avert the necessity of demanding an act of indemnity from the Legislature. We should deeply lament the change if i t could be regarded as a final settlement. There is nothing worse than " cobbling " or striving to bolster up a defective foundation— " Melius est potere fontes quartz soctari rirulos." We should at once go to the fountain head rather than attempt to mitigate trivial annoyances con.. fleeted with a matter radically wrong. It is es- sential that the entire monetary code should be revised, and a wise and judicious system substi- tuted for that which has occasioned so much dis tress and suffering to the industrial community. Notice must be given during the ensuing session to the " Old Lady" to bring the present iniqui tous law to a conclusion, and the substituted re gulations must be carefully considered, so that the nation may derive the utmost possible advantage from the change. The question is one of " prin ciple," which cannot be decided by any trifling alteration in matters of detail. The issuing of money, or that which may be used as a legal tender, is one of the most unquestionable prerogatives of the Crown. Hitherto it has been delegated to a trading corporation, which has exercised a monopoly very profitable to itself, but exceed ingly injurious to the community at large. We now want " free trade " ill money, or rather in currency, so that any person who can offer satis factory security may be permitted to issue notes, or, if a monopoly must be retained, that the National Exchequer may receive the benefit thereof, and that the large profits may servo to reduce the amount of the public burdens, and re lieve the too heavily-weighted taxpayers of somo portion of their responsibilities. The immediate " profits," however, form but a very trivial portion of the consideration. It is far more important for the great body of the people that there should be a circulating medium, adequate to their exigencies, and capable of de veloping the latent resources of the country. It is a suitable measure and representative of value that is required, and it is no more necessary that the measure should possess intrinsic value than that a standard-yard should be made of unalloyed gold. That it should pass current, or have the "pur chasing power," is all that can be required. It will be gladly accepted when the reci pient is certain that he can pay it away in dis charge of his public or private liabilities to the tax-collector, or the tradesman who supplies him with articles of daily consumption. For these matters a really national note of small denomination is clearly the best. There can be no question as to the solvency of the issuer ; the holder will know that he is himself responsi ble with all his wealth and all his labour for its liquidation. It will be far better than Con sols, for it must be received in liquida tion of his duties or taxes, and the visits of the collectors, being neither few nor far between, ho can either dispose of them himself, or, if he should be so fortunate as to hold more than he requires for his own purposes, can easily find applicants or purchasers for the residue. Notes for 11., 2/., and 3/. satisfactorily secured, will liberate from thirty to forty millions of sove reigns, now in circulation, and render them available for our foreign commerce, and for what is even more important at the present crisis, the energetic maintenance of the War in which we are involved. val in the same capital of Count Stackelberg from St. Petersburg, and on the same pleasing mis sion, to complote our hopes. Some days ago very serious doubts were expressed in official quarters hero that Russia was disposed to accept the propositions of Austria of the satisfactory kind I have already described. It is now said, how ever, that Russia does accept them, and that she has signified her intention to Austria. It is also believed that the English Government does not refuse, and of the willingness of France no one has a doubt. It is evident then that, if all parties agree on the point, peace may be consi dered certain. At all events, peace is now gene rally believed to be at hand ; let us hope that 'we may not be again doomed to disappointment—. provided that peace be such as is consistent with the dignity of two such nations as France and England. LATEST NEWS. FALL OF KARS. We (Morning Post) regret to state that authentic intelligence has been received, which leaves no doubt as to th• fate of Kars. Ismail Pacha (General Kmety), with another officer, who succeeded in eluding the vigilance of the Russian outposts, have effected their escape. When they quitted Kars, General Williams had been compelled by famine to send a flag of truce to the Russian camp, offering capitulation. GENERAL MOURAVIEFFS REPORT. The Invalide Busse publishes the following ex tract from the periodical report of General Mou ravieff, dated from the camp of Tchivtli-tchai, the 29th of October (10th November) : " The blockade of Kars continues ; our de tachments daily capture Turks who are taking flight from the fortress, and attack the enemy's foraging and detached parties. Thus on the 13th (25th) of October, Major-General Count Nyrod, having observed that 200 foragers had left Kars in the direction of Keui-Keni, sent a detachment of the Ist regiment of Mussulman cavalry against them, commanded by Ensign Rostom-Bek-Liala ltekoff. Having secretly advansed upon the enemy, our cavalry charged vigorously. The Turks fled towards their fortifications, with the loss of two men killed, and leaving six wounded in our hands. "In the night between the 19th and 20th of October (31st of October and Ist of November) about 40 Lazes attempted to force a passage through the outpost of our detachment near Melik Keui. In the skirmish which ensued 23 of the Lazes were killed, tw• wounded, and 10 made prisoners. On our side one Cossack was killed and two wounded. "On the morning of the 21st of Oct. (2d of Nov.) two columns of Turkish Infantry, having left the Schorakh heights, occupied the ridge of the Observatory-hill with riflemen, and opened fire against our picquet ; our reserve coming up compelled the enemy to retire within his fortifi- cations. " Meantime, General Mouravieff, having re peatedly received information that the troops of Yely Pasha were shortly expected at Kara with considerable provisions, ordered the Commander of the Eri'ran detachment to cross the Dram-Dagh, and to stop the enemy by advancing from Kerpi- Keu v. "©n the lith (29th) of October Major-General Sousloff's detachment reached the defile of Kara- Derbent ; on the approach of our troops the Turkish cavalry, about 1,000 strong, which occu pied the neighbouring heights, fell back on Youz- Verian. " On the 18th (30th) the enemy concentrated about 2,000 Bashi-Bazouks between that village and Komatsor ; the remainder of the troops under Vely Pasha (numbering from 6,000 to 7,000 in fantry and about 1,600 horse) advanced from Dava-Boinou on Hassan-Kaleh ; moreover, 2,000 Bashi-Bazouks took up a position near Deli-Baba and Khorassan, and a garrison of from 2,000 to 3,000 men was left to guard Erzeroum. "On the 19th (31st) of October Colonel Lik houtine of the Staff, by order of General Sous loff, made a reconnaissance in the direction of Kerpi-Keuv. Near Youz-Verian our detachment came upon about 2,000 Bashi-Bazouks, whom we forced to withdraw after a smart skirmish. "On the 20th of October (Ist of November) Vely Pasha, alarmed at the appearance of our flying detachment near Ardost, and wishing to avoid a battle with General Sousloff's troops, withdrew behind the river Nabitchai, leaving about 1,000 Bashi-Bazouks, near the villages of Yagani and Kordobaz, not far from Dava-Boinou." Several of the Paris journals publish letters from the East, but they do not contain any new facts of interest. Omer Pacha was on the point of receiving considerable reinforcements, which would permit him to advance siill further into Mingrelia ; meanwhile, he was collecting provi sions and supplies, in the face of any eventuality which might arise. The most unsatisfactory rumours were current at Constantinople, accord ing to the correspondent of the Pays, with re spect to the fate of Kars. The heroic garrison of that pl ac e, decimated by disease and famine, is reported to have capitulated. This intelligence must be premature, for the Invalide Russe would otherwise have already acclaimed the triumph of General Mouravieff. The German Frankfort Journal says :—" Selim Paella has been compelled to renounce his attempt to relieve Kars, because his detachment of 6,000 regulars and 5,000 irregular troops, which was to guard the great convoy of provisions destined for the besieged town, was too late to pass the defiles occupied by the enemy. In Kars the distress was at its height, for famine and typhus ravaged the garrison, which only received a third of its primi tive rations. The garrison did not hope to be able to maintain themselves beyond the 18th November, when they would be forced to surren der if not succoured." The date of this communication is November 3, and we have news up to November 19, when we know Kars had not fallen. PROBABILITIES OF PEACE. The Paris Correspondent of the Times (Second Edition), in his letter, dated yesterday evening says : " Peace is, unquestionably, still the order of the day. It is in everybody's mouth, probably in everybody's heart, and the least credulous-- those who treated the adhesion of Sweden, the mission of Count Munster, and the friendly intervention of Austria with contemptuous disbelief—or who traced what has been said about them to the fertile imagination of journalists—are now sileat, er sullenly admit that there is something in it after all.' Tho arrival of M. de Serre, Secretary to the French Embassy at Vienna, as announced in the journals of that capital, has proCuced a good effect ; and M. do Serre is said to be the bearer of a satisfac tory reply from this Government and the assent of England to the proposition or overtures of A.tistria. We now only wait the news of the arri- FINANCIAL CRISIS IN RUSSIA. The Russian Government has ordained that to facilitate payments from the State treasury- the normal proportion of bullion to be held by the Bank against notes in circulation shall be diminished. It is feared that the payment of the interest of the public debt will be suspended. Despatches from St. Petersburg also state that the Russian Government is making every exertion to form a fleet of steam gun-boats. MARSEILLES, DEC. 12. The Gazge has arrived, with advices from Con stantinople of the 3d inst. She does not bring anything front the Crimea. Despatches leave at 9 a.m. The Indian mail has arrived. The despatches leave at 8 p.m. THE KING OF SARDINIA. TURIN, DECEMBRR 12. The King arrived here last night, and found at Susa the Prince of Carignano. The Ministers and an immense crowd waited to receive the King at the railway station, and welcomed his Majesty with the utmost enthusiasm. FRANCE. PARIS, TUESDAY EVENING. The Emperor yesterday gave an audience to M. Burnand, Lieut.-Col. of Artillery on the Swiss Staff. The mortal remains of Admiral Bruat arrived at four o'clock yesterday morning at the station of the Lyons railway, accompanied by Rear-Admiral Jurien de la Graviere, chief of his staff, Captain Vicomte d'Herbringhem, aide-de-camp to Admiral Hamelin, Minister of Marine, who was sent to Toulon to bring up the body, Captain Lejeune of the Black Sea fleet, M. Boutel, commissary of the same fleet, M. Filleau, sub-commissary of ditto, and secretary of the late Admiral, and an ecclesias tic. The coffin was placed in the chapelte ardente prepared at the station, and a detachment of the 48th regiment was under arms in the chapel. After remaining a short time in the chapel, the body was removed in a hearse to the Invalides, and was there received by the Governor and the principal officers. It was then placed in a chapelle ardente, and prayers were said over it in the course of the day and during the night. The Aloniteur publishes a decree, appointing the following gentlemen as members of the Com mission for examining the accounts of the different ministries for 1855 : The Marquis d'Audiffret, senator, President ; Baron de Richemont, deputy of the Legislative Body, and MM. Godelle, Coun cillor of State ; Crignou de Montigny, Master of Requests; Rihouet, Councillor Masterof Accounts ; Dupin and Berenger, Councillors R e f eren d ary I st class at the Court of Accounts ; and Bartoulh de Taillac ditto 2d class. BOURSE, Dec. 11.—The following are the last quotations : Cash. fr. e. End of Month 41 per Cents 9l 50 —f. -c. 3 Per Cents 64 50 64 75 Now Loan 65 40 Bank Shares — Rom All Credit AlobiHer 1297 50 Austrian Belgian Fives — Spanish Threes — Piedmontose B6 50 Home Debt RAILWAYS—FOB CASIL fr. c. 0. Orleans Northern Lyons • ... 1135 Ne w Ditt o 752 50 Mediterranean ...... 1240 Grand Central 582 50 L-ons Geneva ...... 672 50 Tests ... Cette 697 50 Austrian Corn. 725 TURKEY. A letter from Constantinople of the 29th ult., in th© Gazette du Midi, says : " The concession of the canal of Kustendji was granted this day to a company formed of English, Austrian, and French capitalists, and comprising for Turkey to wealthy capitalists, Mustapha Pacha and Kiarnil Pacha. The company has been formed under the auspices of the Am bassadors of France, England, and Austria, at Constan tinople. The canal will cost 500,000/. sterling, and a large port which is to be formed will cost 1,000,0001. This important decision is a practical solution of the second guarantee of the Conferences of Vienna, and will give a mortal blow to Odessa, which will no longer be the principal port of the Black Sea. It is to he hoped that the Turkish Ministers will perist in this line of policy, as it is only by obtaining the aid of foreign capital that Europe can be made to take an in terest in this country. Russia has always seen that the cutting of this canal would be a mortal blow to her trade; and when some years ago Austria spoke on the project, the Cabinet of St. Petersburg declared that it would make the execution of it a cnsus belli. The Porte is se riously occupying itself with the drawing up of a code of proceedings in commercial matt ers i n accor d ance w i th the general principles of consular jurisdiction in Europe. The commission, charged with the duty, is composed of several judges of the Tribunal of Commerce, Mussul mans and Christians, and of the dragomans of the diffe rent legations ; and is presided over by Reinzi Effendi." RUSSIA. We have received the St. Petersburg journals of the 4th December. The Journal de St. Petersbourg publishes the following : "Under date of the 19th of November (let of Decem ber), 10 p.m., Aide•de-Camp-General Prince Gortscha koff has sent the following telegraphic message : " Everything goes on well in the Crimea—there is nothing new. An enemy's picket has been surprised on the south side. On this occasion 10 Frenchmen were captured. " A Turkish captain has been made prisoner near Eupatoria.' " Under the heading " News from the East Coast of the Black Sea," the Journal de St. Petersbourg publishes the following : " Major-General Prince Bagration-Moukhransky, en trusted with the command of the Guriel detachment, announces from his position on the river Tsiva, under date of the 31st of October and Ist of November (12th and 13th of November), that the enemy, whose principal forces occupy Zougdidi, has pushed forward a portion of his troops to the village of lc,heti, and by the upper Mingrelian-road, on Tchanis-Tekhal6. On the Redont- Kaleh side the Turks continue to make roads on both sides of the Khopi. "The Turks have reinforced their Kohoul6ti detach. ment by a landing of Nizams, and, after having occupied Legvy and Otchkamour with regular troops, they com menced their offensive movement. On the 29th October (10th November) about 400 men left the St. Nicholas station, and took the direction of the Tchokhat bridge, which had been destroyed by us, but, met on this point by the Guriel m iliti a, they withdrew with a small loss of killed and wounded. " On the 30th October (11th November) heavy masses of the enemy's infantry and cavalry advanced on the village of Likhaour (south of Usurgheti), but on this point also, after an hour's combat, they fell back on the river Tcholok. " We had three militiamen killed and three wounded. It is reported that the enemy's loss was considerable. Before the 28th of October (9th of November) the Ko bouleti detachment bad received additional reinforce menta, and its effective strength now amounts to 15,000 regular infantry and 3,000 cavalry, with 14 pieces of artillery, without counting a considerable number of Bashi-Bazouks." A letter from St. Petersburg of the Ist, in the Cologne Gazette, says :—" All the fractions of the Russian army which distinguished themselves in the assault on Kars have received honourable re wards from the Emperor. Thus the Ist battalion of the Riasan Regiment has received the standard of St. George the Victorious, with the inscription, For its distinguished conduct in the assault on Rare, the 29th Sept., 1855.' The dearth of com manding officers has determined the Emperor to appeiut 501119 of his own Psiddi7dtlagep an d other staff officers to regimental commands. Every day general officers arrive at St. Petersburg with re ports on the condition and the strength of the va rious corps d'armee ; they remain here for the meeting which is shortly to take place. It will be opened on the arrival of the Grand Admiral and of the Minister of War." A letter from Berlin says :—" The Emperor of Russia has charged General Vincent, Count Krasinski, with the administration of the kingdom of Poland during the illness of Prince Paskiewitch. In the event of the death of the Prince, Count Rudiger, it is said, is to succeed him, provided the Grand Duke Nicholas ho not nominated Viceroy." SWEDEN. Tho Austrian Gazette contains the following ex tract of a letter from Stockholm :—" In this city it is rumoured that preparations aro about to be made to mobilise an army by the spring of 60,000 men. The news may appear doubtful, but it ex presses the public opinion on the subject. The mission of General Canrobert still remains the sole subject of conversation in the town and at court. Prince Charles, who is known to be one of the moat zealous supporters of the Western Powers, had a private interview with General Canrobert during his visit, at which no aide-de-camp or other per- Fon was present. Thero does not seem to be a doubt that Sweden will be compelled, in the event of war continuing, to side actively with the Allies. This circumstance may influence the pacific inten tions of Russia." LYCEUM" THEATRE. Last evening was the celebration of the hundredth performance of The Wizard of the North at this theatre, and the house, externally illuminated and decorated, was crowded to suffocation. All went off, as usual, as "merry as a marriage bell." Our attendance was, in some de gree, compulsory, being in virtue of a dread summons, issued in the names of grisly Die, and the Judges Three of Erebus profound, to put in appearance on the great occasion, and couched in phraseology calculated to make the hearts of the simple-minded wax timorous and faint. Confiding, however, in the known benignity of the Mighty Magus, we obeyed and trembled not, not alto gether unmoved thereto by a courteous intimation con veyed in the final clause of the mystic document, and which was carried out in a highly refreshing manner. After the regular entertainment of the night, a group of• choice spirits were evoked at the Wizard's hospitable behest, and libations were enthusiastically offered to his health and prosperity, and the homage of applause like wise befel the honoured names of Albert Smith and Flexmore, the chief celebrities present. Covent• Garden looms in the approaching future—the scene of the Professor's most triumphant career, if talent, energy, taste, and liberal expenditure meet with their due reward. Without the slightest misgiving we pro phesy the decided and deserved success, at Christmas, of Mr. Anderson's "Magic Pantomime" of The Field of the Cloth of Gold. THE MONSTER MODEL OF SEBASTOPOL. A large model of the fortifications of Sebastopol, and the siege works before it, is now being exhibited in the Hanover-square Rooms. The dimensions of the model are 17 feet by 11, the horizontal scale 18 inches to the mile, the vertical considerably more, and the model being coloured, the coup-d' ail presented to the visitor ia exceedingly bold and picturesque. A. few errors and imperfections, which will shortly be remedied, may catch the eye of the nice critical spectator, but it would be difficult to conceive an exhibition better calculated to impress the mind with the magnitude of the successes achieved, and the labours endured by the Allies in the triumphant prosecution of the siege. Let the visitor but glance at the giant Malakhoff, and the frowning Redan, and be will wonder , if he never di d so before, how mor tilate enhanced by tb • mor tal daring and ingen uit y could scale those heights. The iwpnreteresereepns present ee of fn tst several vn e e exhibition rtahleu wvoaurodesdis struggles greatly and mud soldiers who connected with th e siege, and who are prepared to instruct the visitor in the mystery of siege works. ST. MARTIN'S-.BALL. "THE SEVEN AGES OF WOMAN." A new lyric entertainment has been produced, in an ticipation of adding to the amusements of the Christmas holiday-makers, in one of the rooms of the a b ove establishment, in which Miss Emma Stanley takes upon herself to perform, and illustrate with appropriate cos tume "the Seven Ages of Woman." There are, besides, numerous other characters intro duced or connected with the above, for the purpose of amplifying the subject, all of which are represented in appropriate costumes, and are elianged with amazing ra pidity, which, together with a great many songs, exe cuted w;th much talent and effect, render this a most excellent entertainment, and highly creditable to the varied powers of Miss Emma Stanley, who, if real merit meet its due reward, will receive a large share of public patronage. PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS BY FIRE IN THEATRES. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sin,—The late lamentable and fatal accident at the Plymouth Theatre, which was almost a counterpart of that which befel Miss Clara Webster a few years since, induces me through your columns to offer a hint to the managers of metropolitan and provincial theatres, whereby they will be enabled, in a simple and inexpen sive way, effectually to prevent the recurrence of these terrible disasters. Let the glass chimney of every gas light which is placed in a position of even remote danger be surmounted by a hollow sphere of fine copper wire gauze. This sphere should not be less than twice the diameter of the chimney ; and a segment of the same diameter as the chimney must be cut from it, and a light brass ring and holder firmly attached thereto, so that the whole may be placed securely upon the top of the glass. It then constitutes to all intents and purposes a safety lamp, when burned in a non-explosive atmosphere —the draught is unimpaired, and though the hot gases pass through the meshes of the gauze, they are cooled by its radiating power below the temperature of igni tion, so that paper, or any light textile fabric, if held immediately over the light, might possibly be scorched, but would not burst into flame. This hint may be carried out by any ordinary gas-fitter, and wherever adopted the chances of fire will be almost entirely superseded. ISIIAM BAGGS. London, Dec. 11, 1855. [We earnestly hope some attention may be paid by our London and provincial managers to the suggestions here advanced by our humane and ingenious correspon dent —ED. SUN.] CABINET COUNOIL.—A Cabinet Council was held yes terday afternoon at the Foreign•office. The Ministers present were Viscount Palmerston, the Lord Chancel lor, Earl Granville, the Earl of Harrowby, Sir George Grey, the Earl of Clarendon, Mr. Secretary Labouchere, Lord Panmnre, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Sir Charles Wood, the Right Hon. R. Vernon Smith, Lord Stanley of Alderley, the Right Hon. M. T. Baines, and the Duke of Argyll. The Council oat three hours. THE BALTIC. The Nord of Brussels publishes the following telegraphic despatch from Hamburg : "HAMBoRa, Monday, Dec. 10.—We have just leauat that a squadron of 10 new screw gun-boats, accompanied by a QteArner and a man-of-war, have entered the prt of Sweaborg, coming from Cronstadt." SPAIN. Wo have received the Madrid journals of the Gth. The decimal system is to come into operation in all the custom-houses of the kingdom on the Ist January next. General Count Della Rocca, aide•de-camp of the King of Sardinia, has arrived in Brussels, with the mission, it is said, of saluting King Leopold on the part of his royal master. The Duchess Regent of Parma has issued a de cree, instituting a committee for the purpose of framing a law for the better regulation of Cham bers of Commerce, and of everything relating to the commercial legislation of the duchy. "We learn," says the Austrian Gazette, " that , the King of Belgium has the intention of purchec_- ing for 4,600,000 florins, the domains of Count Festetits, in the island of Marakoy, in the Danube. His Majesty already possesses a large domain in the comity of Zalad, formerly belonging to the family of Inkey." Her Majesty's steamer Dragon is making a round of visits to the different ports in the Baltic, to see that there are no Russian vessels lyingithere before finally quitting the Baltic. She looked in at . . Lubeck, yester - day (Dec. 8), and left us again that morning. The Second Chamber of Holland adopted, on . Saturday, after two hours' debate, the budget of t - . 4 war by a majority of 37 votes to 26. Notwith standing the strength of this minority, a still more compact opposition to the Government is stated by 3. the Dutch journals to be expected, as the amount of the budget has been severely criticised by several members. A letter from Copenhagen announces the death of M. Yaldes, the Charge d'Affaires of Portugal in that city. He had suddenly disappeared, as al ready stated, on the very day ho had been a guest at the dinner given by the Court in honour of General Canrobert's arrival. His body was after wards found in one of the canals of the city. It is believed that he committed suicide in a fit of mental aberration. STATE OF TRADE. MANCHESTER, DEc. 11. There has been a firm and healthy tone in the market, and for yarns there has been, in addition to a good gene ral business, a fair demand in both mule and water twist for Gernia , y, in India counts and qualities of mule, and in cops and warps suitable for the home trade. Prices are not quotably higher, hut sellers have obtained prices which were given with reluctance last week, and in some cases refused. Water twist, suited to the China market, is very scarce. Yarn for manufacturing purposes may be considered about id. per lb. higher. In cloth there has not been so much activity as in yarns. India ehirtings and madapollams are scarce, and manufacturers having withdrawn their stocks yester day, in consequence of the hardening state of the Li. verpool cotton market, for higher prices, buyers have held back a little. There is an impression that as soon as the large quantity of cotton and wool afloat (esti- mated at 150,000 to 170,000 bags) can get into Liver pool, the present upward tendency in the value of that article will receive a check, and buyers of manufactured goods are holding back accordingly. At last week's prices sellers of India cloths might have done a fair busi• less. In good T cloths and some other kinds of domes tics there is a moderate business, and prices generally are well sustained. For China cloths the demand is good at rather higher prices, and they are very scarce. The tone of the market is very healthy. LEEDS, DEC. 11. The markets for woollen cloths here this morning have been of quite a seasonable character, as well as to the amount of business done, as to the kinds of goods sold. The tone of the trade is rather better than at the close of the past month ; but, except a few purchases for the United States, actual business is confined to small orders for the home trade. In the aggregate, however, more cloth has changed hands than on this day week. The fall in the price of corn, and the amount of employment for artisans, manufacturing operatives, arid labourers throughout the kingdom, give grounds for anticipating a fair trade during the winter months. Wool continues very steady in price, being fully as high as the manu facturers can pay with a reasonable chance of obtaining remuneration for their outlay and skill in the production of goods. The report of the Huddersfield cloth market to-day is of a satisfactory character, more goods having been sold, and a better feeling having prevailed than at the pre ceding market. Steel doeskins and mixtures of a better quality than what have lately been inquired for have been in fair demand. There is no noticeable change is the price of either wools or manufactured articles. TILE BULifoURED PEACE PROPOSAL& LORD PALMERSTON. What passes at Cabinet Councils is presumed to be kept a profound secret ; and yet, somehow or other, things do ooze out, and become the subject of conversa tion in favoured circles. Persons, who have friends in the Cabinet, spoke very plainly last night, in the West end, as to what they alleged to have taken place at the Cabinet Council yesterday. It is stated that a majority of the members of Lord Palmerston's Administration were in favour of actually intimating to Rassia that the Western Powers were ready to receive proposals for putting an end to the war, and at the same time letting her understand that they were disposed to accept of such proposals as she need have no hesitation in offering. It is added that Lord Palmerston decidedly refused to ac cede to either of these propositions, and took care to leave no room for any one present to doubt that, rather than become a party to the suggested course of proce dure, he would prefer resigning at once. We are fur ther assured—ani have no reason to doubt the accuracy of our information—that the noble lord is even prepared that England should proceed alone with the war, as suming what is so generally stated to be true—that Louis Napoleon is prepared to accept insecurs and dishonour able proposals of peace From the resistance offered to his lordship's intended procedure by a majority of his Cabinet, it is the opinion of his personal friends that he ought at once to resign. We hope he will. In that case, before the Christmas holidays are over, he will be borne back to the premiership on the shiulders of the people, and become the most powerful and popular minister of modern times.—Morning Advertiser. STATUE TO JAMES WATT AT MANCHESTER. Yesterday morning a meeting was held at the Town hall to originate a subscription to erect a public statue to James Watt, the inventor of the steam-engine. The suggestion originated with the Manchester Literary an d Phiiosophical Society The Mayor presided—and there were present also Sir John Potter, and Messrs. WW. Fairbairn, C.E. ; Thos. Bazley, Richard Roberts, C.E. ; W. F. Bateman, C.E. ; J. C. Dyer, J. C. H ar t er ; Oliver Heywood ; W. EntwiEle ; Principal Scott (Owen's College) ; Henry Houlds worth; J. Pe e l ; A . Fi n l ey; W. C. Calender, and T. 11. Neville. Th e statue i s to b e a a copy th a t by Chantrey, in Westminster Abbey, and is to he placed in the large area in front of the Royal Infirmary, in company with those of Wellington, Peel, arid Dalton. The subscriptions announced at the meet ing were 19 of 101 , and 10 of 51. each. THE KING OF SARDINIA'S VISIT TO THE CITY.—Mr. Bunning has been presented with a very handsome dirt' mond ring, by the Marquis d'Azeglin, by order of his Majesty the King of Sardinia, as a memorial of his Ma jesty's approbation of the decorations at Guildhall on the 4th December. THE WANDERER IN ARABIA.—The numerous readers of "The Crescent and the Cross" and " Eothen" have another treat of oriental adventure presented to them by , the publi cat i on of M r. L owth ' s " Wanderer in Arabia ' —a book which, for the liveliness of its descriptions, and the novelty of its incidents of travel, is likely to become as popular as its predecessors. The author, a gentlema of family and fortune, is said to have possessed nanny advantages as a traveller in the East, which will account for the interest to be found in the narrative of his adven ture,. MO The L very qui of Amer The sal( 500 for transacts and 200 were wit vanced. 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