The Sun. — London, England, 1855-07-06 00:00:00

(abil l ' vie 11 1 l ished 0- f the es; )r-Gen he OP; f the coo l re exP ii >roof ofm tbat theol ni ° pury ti`n- exploitto4 a m o o n )3,llsed ow all to ll re4oi patch l A f ..,0 9th ('',,, I sink, lrinleo' ; 1 1: nerßi o l 5 a Pwards garv9l4l the s t ye of V t r 9 1e the i he steclf h ' et an ot . ., the ein le eu e :d aka; Le Crol (il i the P °r 0 01 iy ha „a ,ged so I had ti i i i ; Led res (9- 1 !sty ; 1)11 ,o renial; f y your to the St 2) ire vot ecl _i i ea lth o ° l I ent r° t Presid:, g rst 0 confer ° 'c 0 ERO.. 47.) , x.l• a -41 z Stock ....~.... B l ' e? uent. Reduced Annuitiaa........ leer Cent. Consols Annuities 9IA il ex div el, 3 li e per Cent. Annuities I. h w 2 i per Cent. Annuities ',,- • 411 nuitiel Expire stb Jan., 1860 , 3 15-16 ,''itto 30 Year ' s, Expire sth Jan., 1860 3 11-16 1 -uitto 30 Years, Expire sth April, 1883 16 15-16 „,11'114 Stock '74sols for Account, 10th July 9l-1; / ir cilequer Bills, 24d. 2d. 4 &.1.000 ... 26 2 22 00 .. b Srna ll 44Zellecitter Bonds 1858:3i per Cent — Di tto 1859, • ~ PkT r .,.... Itt i .,;,: - ''s OF FOREIGN FUNDS AT ONE, O'CLOCK. ii k "ut Bonds, V I per Cent Bb:linian Bonds 5 per Cent. BSI 9,1 x d 86 364- a d v el ish 13 "-c 18 .3 , per Cent Ne Ditto New Deferred, 3 per Cent. Di tto Bonds, 6 per cent — +-sato for the Account Bli 2 11 2 'lei bi vidends on the above payable in London. Dan Bonds, 2i per Cent. ex. 25 fr — 11,t, D itto 4 ) ; per Cent. Ex. 25 fr 93i ev b 41 ehange, per Cent. 12 Gun 63 do 4 per Cena. Certifieates ..... HA L.P.P.4 TWO. Q u ebec ; Consol s A S ST MONEY MARKET AND COMMEB,CIAL INTELLIGENCE. CITY, Two o'CLoclr. The Cotton Market at Liverpool yesterday closed heavily, with much evenness in prices. The sales were estimated at 5,000 bales (500 of which 'were for export, and 500 on speculation), com prising 300 Pernam and Maranham at qd. to 71d., o 0 Bahia at 6:d, and 800 Surat at 4 4 td. to s id. per lb. The Railw a y Sh are M ar k e t was ex cessively dull, closing at a reduction upon the opening prices. The public sales of Colonial wool began last even • ins, no less than 72,000 bales being advertised, in cluding the foreign. The biddings have been brisk, and the attendance numerous, including many foreigners. For colonial produce this week there has been a lair demand, and full rates have been current for most staples. Sugar has been taken freely and re fining sorts are 6d. per cwt. dearer. Coffee at pre vious rates has been inquired for. Rather more has been done in rice, and the market has ruled Rum has been quiet. Spices have obtained a slight advance generally. Saltpetre has been in improved request at full values. Cochineal is Ste ady. Cotton has been dull, and tallow firmer. Messrs. D. Bell, Son, and Co. report that in the Market for American Securities there is no parti cular change to notice. The supply of State stocks continues limited, and not equal to the demand— a circumstance much in favour of the various rail .llr,„ aY securities, in which th e re i s a goo d b us i ness doing, with every appearance of a continuance : Redeemable. Per Cent. Irnted States 6 per Cent. Bonds 1868...105 107 united States 6 per Cent, Inscribed Stock 1867-1868...105 106 New York State 5 per Cent. Inscribed Stock lB5B-1860._ 90 92 Pe n nsylvania 5 per Cent. Inscribed Stock ... 77 78 nnsylvania 5 per Cent. Bonds 1877... 85 86 Ma ssachusetts 5 per Cent. (Sterl. Bonds) 1868...103 105 3.'krad perer Cent. (Sterling Bonds) .. 91 92 iryi n i a a Cent. (Sterling Bonds) 1888... 85 Vlrg'inia 6 per Cent. Bonds 1886... 89 90 Canada 6 per Cent. (Sterling Bonds) 1876,..111 112 LOANS OP CITIES. Montreal 6p. Cent. St r. 80nd5...1857-1865... 83 85 Illi RAILROAD BONDS. Ci entral 7 per Cent. Bonds 1875... 74i 75i Illinois Central 7 per Cent. Freeland Bonds 1860... 75 77 Michigan C en t ra l 8 per C en t . B on d s ... 92 91 an ama 7 per Cont., Ist Mortgage (Ster 'nig Bonds) 1859... 92 93 Pe nnsylvania 7 per Cent. Bonds 1864... 93 e .,,nnsylvania Central p. Cent. Mortgage onds 1880... 91 92 N ow York and Erie 7 per Cent. Ist Mort- Ng a ge lB6B-1869...101 102 ""ew York and Erie 7 p. Cent., 2d Mort ,,,gage, C onver tibl e 185 9... 90 92 New York and Erie 7 per Cent. 3d Mort- ND•ge, Convertible 1883... 87 88 • York an d Erie 7p. Cent. Convertible-1862._ 80 81 York and Erie 7 per Cent. Sinking d 1875... 83l 84i The bill for limiting the liability of shareholders ll ,jcint stock companies has been amended by the Insertion of a clause which provides that compa nies already existing and not w or ki ng un d er t h e I: I and Bth Vict., cap. 110, may en j o y th e privi o-f7 of the new law up on p a yi ng up 75 per cent. that e ir capital, and satisfyi ng the B oar d o f T ra d e 110 th e registrar may certify. This seems e° ncession to such comp an i es , cons id er i ng p a ct undertakings formed on ly a ft er th e ac t nee d 1 1 u p but 20 per cent. The Go vernmen t has paid b° attent ion e ith er t o th e re d uc ti on o f t h e cap i ta l , Mo nday When th e bill comes on i n t h e C ommons next - m. n uday two amend men t s w ill b e propose d— one b y - " - r• Wilkinson, to lower the capital of companies entitled to limited liability to 10,0001. in 101. s hares ; and the other by Lord Goderich, to have no limitation of the nominal ca pital or shares. W e h ave b e f ore expressed our to P ° Pinion that 10,0001. or 20,0001. fully paid up in . shares, or even half paid up, is as much entitled protection as 20,0001. raised in 51. shares, and nothing has been urged to alter that view. The great aim should be to establish a thorough super vision of public companies ; and it would be a good opportunity to enact that all undertakings claiming limited liability, should submit their books and accounts periodically to a Government or official auditor. The James Booth, from Australia, brings 1 6,0001. in gold. Nearly all the gold brought in from Americt and Victoria during the last few days has been taken for shipment to the Continent. The Tagus, from the Mediterranean, has about 7 2000/. on board. , The English Stock Market w en t fl a tte r yester day afternoon before the close, and opened with rather a h eavy appearance th i s morning, Consols 911, to 911. They are now, however, buyers "') the high es t o f t h ese rates. There i s a re that th e t a ki ng o f the French loan will deferred for a short time, to allow of t succe sses in th e C r i mea , an d , as men ti one d yes berdaY und er t hi s head, it is supposed from ee noti ce i n the Aloniteur that the parties will not allowed to pay up in anticipation, about thirty of stock being created monthly. The a resse has a very exaggerate d statement—v i z., that tole(10n banking-house opened a subscription for F rench loa n , an d h a d a ppli ca ti ons th e fi rs t d ay the amount of 500,000,000 francs. The Two gnllY Exch equer Bill s are a t 22 5 . prem . Th e N ew ce Mity is at 16 15-16. B a nk St oc k h as r i sen p er lit . again, being. 211& to 213. East India Stock ail b e b een quoted 230. 411 the F ore i gn S ecur iti es th ere h ave no t b een ma ny transactions. Turkish Bonds have been a 8 0„ ad e higher, being 811 to 82. Russian 41 per I, T• are barely so high, 88 to 891 ex div. la lll lian Bonds have been supported at 86. D u gan 41 per Cents. have been quoted 931, and r i ,,2 2 per Cents. 63. ',' l o following are the nominal prices of forei,,n e a t) : 4 ,, 5 : - --Grenada Deferred Bonds, 61 to 7; Mexi p„-;',44 to 211 ; Peruvian, 69 to 71; ditto Three 42' cents., 49 to 51 ; Portuguese Four per Cents., d i „to 44 ; Rus s ian Fi v e p e r C en t s ., 98 t o 100 ; & T , () Pour-and-a-Half per Cents., 88 to 90 ; e", a , ll ,isli New Deferred, 18 to 181- ; ditto 3 per di 361 to 371 ; ditto Certificates, 4t041 ; t O Passive, 4 to 41. Ra ilwayth Shares have been rather flat again, but p , IN-' sales have been very limited. London and W ort h - Western have declined, and Midland, Great a stern, and Lancashire and Yorkshire have been bee n The Great Western of Canada Shares have " in n dull. S am b re an d M euse are a s h a d e fi rmer . 1l The only bargain reported in the Foreign Mining titet is in Colonial Gold Shares at Ito The 3111t-Stock Bank Shares are at nominal values. or !llacla Government 6 per Cents. are supported. e ntal Gas are firm. baIT ISFI FUNDS THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLO.:T (Prom the Official List.) ed—fi e oar e ; :toria Ruginega done Exchatl6ei lyres• 3altituo fel Helges,"'o hore, alp, fr °°, •or 2 Flo ision, unkno o° ,übadot26 from I I I% f April? this lo r i o , e), fo il has bee orning' July 4' Eandri b 9 ght 1 11 0 0 murdld ho, l etter from Berlin of th e Ist inst. says :—" The 4r tc Tusition s w hi c h A ustr i a i s to make to t h e Di et h ave deuced here, and have been communicated to the Presi- F r ° 1 the Council by C oun t d'E ster h azy. W e h ear d I ; guud authority that these p ro p os iti ons cons ist in fe e t C 4n uiug from the German St a t es t o ma i n t a i n th e 0118 1 ; Pobats i n th e E as tern q ues ti on , an d , as was previ the 3. r uMoured, to take a part of the expenses which tti 4 ° ,?euPation of the Principalities has entailed on Aus- r.) 15 1033' !9 it.l32' Cl ol3 ' 1 ,012 , k he ), o ff '" !alcutt * of Ji.lu e g' onlY L 2 ,, 4CIIING WORKS, &C., BILL.—A few days ago we T s l: e ,41), abstract of the report of 111 r. T A rem bi e ll nh h e a e s ie s , in th on e b e -aeu itig Nvoilcs, &c., commissioner. the introduced by Mr. Isaac Butt, Lord J. Manners, pi L 'rd Goclerich, and Mr. Crook, to re,guulnadteerthieBemin hiPuent of women and young personci n enacts that af eactli tigt finishing, and dyeing works. t er the Ist of Feb: next no child shall be employed in per son a bleaching work, and that no woman fer shall be employed in any bleaching or work between th 0 a'n' or after 6 p.m., with an interval beg h o seo hours of half an hour for breakfast and one ur for dinner. On Saturdays work is to cease at Zontwo o'clock p.m. Penalties of 101. are annexed to the r2aravention of this act, and justices are authorised to ,:l!lr conaplaints. The inspectors of factories are to be vp"lt).ectors for the purposes of this act ; they are armed bi various powers, and they will institute proceedings ill'ueBrl necessary. Parents of young persons employed it five certificates of age. If in any bleaching works, ,?_ t tnY day except Saturday, two hours shall be allowed ,r, _meals, then it will be lawful to work the employes till ebialf-past 6 p.m. After-work is lawful in cases of but, e l nece ssitY, as in the case of out-door bleaching, t o ~..,zi e ept in such cases, the hours of work are limited ..v4 ho urs per day, and 64 hours pa week. ft Geri° rritog to ;0 dir ec t Ibberf ° , 6 l a jestY, ;‘,t, to ci o ilso hiPa'rotne reaom.,, d to h i " - , that • twic e ' t °. if• 13 25 St. 20 St. 8/ 2s 20 20 10 10 St. 16 St. 25 10 5 20 18 E 5 5 20 SD. ARE MARKETS (THIS .TAY.) I A LWAY~. :Closing Prices yesterday. Bashuns dons this day. RAILWAY/. A.bordPon Ambg. Nottng. Bost. and Eastn. Junet... Belfast & Ballymena. Birming, War xis & Stour Valley Birk rrhd. Lancet. dr Cheshire Junet Do. Chesh. <St Birk., £5O and £25 Cons. Do., £2O Rlyth & Tyne original £25 (issd. at £45) Bristol and Exeter Caledonian. 'Carmarthen and Car digan Chester Sc Holyhead Cork and Bandon Cork, Black, & Pass Cornwall Ci-qf Junction DulAin&BollastJunc Dundee Perth &Abe r 'Odeon Junction Do. IsT.w East Aiyzlian Eastern Counties Eastern Union, A Stock .. De., B. Stoe Do., New A East Lancashire Edinburgh& Glasgow Edinb. and Peebles Edin.Prth &Dundee Forth & Clyde Ju -c Furness Do. Extension Glasgow & S. Western Great Northern Do., A. Stock Do., B. Stock ....... • Gt. Sth. &West. (Ire. ) Great Western Do. Stour Val. Rail Qua. Stk trish South-Eastern Lancaster & Carlisle Do., Thirds Do. New Thirds Laneash.andYorksh D , Wst. Riding Un Liv.Crsby.&Southpt London & Blackwall Lond. Bright & S.Cst. Loud, and N. Westn. Do. Fifths Do.lo/.Sh.,M&B 0 Do. Eighths iondon andS. Westn. 'Do., £5O Do., £4O Lndndrry4 Coleraine Lndndrry. & Ennisk. Manch.Shef.& Lincln Do. & Shares, No. 1 Do., Man. & Lin. Un idland Do. Blimp g. & Derb G. West. (Ire,) Do. Half Shares Newcastle & Carlisle Nwpt.Aberg. & Hrfd Newry & Enniskillen Newry Warrenpoint and Ilostrovor Norfolk Northn.Counties Un North British North Devon, No. I Do., No. 2 De., A A. Deferred Do., B Guaranteed N. Eastern—Berwick Do. do. Extension Do.do. G.N.E. Parch. Do. Leeds Do. York North London Do. New £lO N.&S.Wstru. ,Hamp stead, and City ,Jn North Staffordshire North Western N. & S. Westrn. June Nuneaton, Hinckley, and Leicester Oxford, Worcester, & Wolverhampton Portsmouth Sc,..,:.tish Central I Scottish Midland Shropshire Union South Devon South Eastern South Wales S. Yrksh. tit Riv. Dnr Do Staines, Wok. &Wok •:;toekton & Darlin- StrAtoll & Hutlepl Taff Vale Do. £lO shares. Do. Pref., No. 1 Thames Haven Doel: and Railway ITlverstone & Lanes Vale of Neath Watorfd. & Kilkenny Waterford&Limerick West Cornwall. West End of London and Crystal Palace West London Ticlirribledn &Croydon' 23 .--: 25 4.1 - 4i ... .... m IN • N - 8 13i 13 'i 15i 16 8i 7idi 90 - 92 621 - 62 13 - 14 ? 9 - 11 ... ...d 142 - 1.9 12 - 121 32 - 36 23 - 25 76i - 77r i l 57 - 59 8i - 9i 19 - 20 70 - 72 93 - 94 75 - 77 L 26 - 128 .00 - 102 67 67i 73 - 78 8 - 9. 8 - 9 811 - 82 - 100 —• 102 101 1014 par ip Ad AP 4 6 83 84 8} • 7id 7,i 6AI 253 - 26 8 .- 83 72:1 - 73 43 - 45 9 - 7 1 - li Ed ii .•. 30 31 73.3 - - 61' 3t - 8t 1.3 -14 t 50 - 51 50 - 53 id-fp 5 1 d rar • •• .... ... 28 - 30 [O3 105 67 69 45 47 134 - 14;. 61i —62 i 30 31 4 2 2d par 39 - 41 5 - 5 19i 20,i 3A - 4.3 21 -- 23 7 - 8 FOREIGN. Antwcrp&Rottrdam Belgian Eastn. June Rezi ors to Grai meant Bombay, Barocla,and Central India,Seriii Demerara Dutch Rhenish Eastern of France Do. Now East Indian, g. 5 p.e 1 Do. EY Do. 4 § p. c. Bds., pay '57, convertible Do. do. do., '59, do Gd. Tk of CanadaA is Do. St. Li wrence Atlantic do. Do. Cert. of Deben , con. into Stk. till'63 Do. Comp. 6 p. c., do. Gt. Central of France Gt. Indian Peninsula guar. 5 per cent Do. New 5 per cent. Do. Extensions.... Do. do. . Groat Luxembourg Constituted Shares Do. obligations Gt.Westernof Canad Shares . Do. Bds., payable's7, with option till '55 Do. do., '62, p.'56 Do. do., '76, p. '6O Do. do., '73, without option Hamilton & Toronto Do. 6 por cent. Lake Const. & Basle Lucca Pistoj a 5 p.c prof Lyons and Geneva Lyons 4 Moditerran Madras Do. New Maria Antonia Do. do. New Namur & Liege (with interest) Do. (ox interest) Northern of France. Do .20/. Sbs.late Char leroi and Er:111011ms guar. 3 a p. c. & red. at 22M. dur. 88 yrs. from 1 Jan. 1854 Do. 20/. 3 p. c PAP (fmy.B. & Ams. Shs ) NorwegianTrunkPre Paris and Lyons Ditto Bonds Paris and Orleans Paris and Rouen ParisCaen & Cherbrg Rouen and Havre Royal Danish Royal Swedish Sambre and Menso„ Do. 5i p. cent. Pref Scinde Southern of France St. Andrew's and Quebec (A). West Flanders Do 5 per c. Prof Western of France_ West. of Switzerland Wiesbaden Zealand JOINT-STO Ilustralasia British Colonial Bank and Loan Company British N. American Chartd. Bank of Asia Chrtd. Bnk. of India, Australia, & Chin! City Colonial Commercial of Loud English Scottish am - Australian Chart., Loral. Chart. Bk. of Australia Ditto New London and. County London Joint Stock Loud. & Westminster National Provincial of England )o. New National of Ireland New South Wales Oriental Bank of Corporation. ...... trovincial of Ireland Do. New Royal Anstraln.Bkg & Gold Imp C 0.,,, S ou th Australia .... Union of Alotralia. Do. Now (Trion a 1494911 tat - 9$ 2d 2d 3 - 2 (' - 4 - - 361 9 - 10 r - 26 3t - 4 r 6/ - 5/(1 17i 18i 65 67 95 —97 i 4 4:3 5 8 7 - — fin 5 6 4 4i -- 3 $ 21t -- 221 100 -- 102 106 109 112 -- 114 105 107 22i - 23 111 - 113 MR ••• - 51 - 61 P 21 - 2li P 2 3 iP 5 7 2 - 3 6 - 6 36 =fi 12i =L: 13 S- 9 1 50 - 504 pl 46 48 46 48 pm 24i - 21 22 lad 9t 10 2,3 -26 p 3i : 4 d "61 -- 10,41 ii ::: 19 81 - 85 65 - 67 fd-ip 5 - 17i -- 181 19 - 20 1 3S 3 8(1'1 48 : 49 •M .• 35 - 36 38 - 39 50 -51 i ... - ... ••• - ... 38 - 40 74 - 75 8 - 9 M ev 11111 121 12 77s 61 7i 101 i 101 i 1001 1 all Apr. Fria ........ 3 ... 3 1 all Anglo Austrin. Gold . ... ... 103. all Anglo Californian i— 3 . 20 6 Australian ll li 1 all Australian Cordillera ... ... 1 all Ave Maria. 1 all Baden (Gd. Duchy of) • i 3 50 all 131onarvon Iron and Coal . 20 14 British Iron 5 6 35 26 Braziliaulmp.(issnee at £5 pm.) 30 all Do. Cocaes & Cuialp 2/ —3/ 20 15 Do, St. John Delßey 28 —3O 1 i Carson's Crook i 3 1 i Clarendon Cons. MM Co. of Jamaica A b 40 all Cobro Copper 6l 64 5 1 . Colonial Gold i— 3 i 3 St. all Copper MM. of Eng ... ... 25 all Do. Pref. 73 p. cent. ... ... ... le. Copiapo. l9 21 5 all English and Austin. Copper Smeltg Co 1 11 2 1 Fortuna 1 20 all General l5 —l7 1 all Gt.NuggetVeinße.g — 3 4,1 all Great Polgooth l— 2 * 1 all Liberty - 3 all Linares 73 A ... 3i Do. B .. 2 —3 5 1 Lusitanian . 1 all Mariquita — i i 1 all New Granada — 1 all New Linares Mining and Smelting Co ... ... 1 all Nouveau Monde • ••• 20 all Pontgibaud Silva] Load Min. & Smelt lti 153 5 1 Port Philip 1 3 1 all Quartz Rock 1 i 50 all Rhymney Iron l9 21 15 all Do. New 5 6 30 12/ Santiago de Cuba 5 6 1 all South Australian 3 i 10 71 Tin Croft ...... ....... 28h all United Mexican 3l —4/ 1 all Waller 1 all West Mariposa I-- i 1. 12s. W A u u rt st la raa. in if Mining of ..• le* h all Yuba. . ••• MISCELLANEOUS. 25 173 Australian Agrieult. 30 31 10 all Australis. Royal Mail ... • • 10 7 Berlin Water Works 2} lid 6/ 50 40 Brit. American Land 57 60 5 1 Brit. 4 Coln. Smeltg. and Reduction Co.. ..- ••• 100 32i Canada 117 122 st. too Canada Gov. 6p. ct Jan. and July 112 113 1121 i 5 all Crystal Palace.. 2i 3k 3 k 5 5 Do. Preference 53 51. 4 all Crystal Pal. of France ... ••• 1 3 Duston Iron Ore ... ..• 20 83 Eastern Steam ... _ .. 25 23 Electric Telegraph ni - 183 Ir ... ... (0 5 0 al all al l ll 4 9oo l l G eneral m Electric a G m3,liriee n sxiihide,t,e S sui t r anee e n : e arl : c ' a me s. r i s.oE : A N to w g imte .a Ne S v e o s.a t r if u e g a Tv :g al 6 . .. ...../..... E l. 6 ... ...;:. 1 1 0 0 . 10 23 Do. New ••• ..• 1 all Nat. Pat. Steam Fuel .. . 10 5 Netherlands Land•.. 2 1 N. S. W. Coal & Inter Steam Navigat. Co . 1 all N. B. Australasian i 1 20 15 Nrth.ofEuroPeSteare 1 all Oriental Gas la 13 li 5 all Peel Rr. Ld. & Minrl 21 _ 2z 50 50 l a o ll P p eni o. ns N ula ew r . & .. - ...... 621 2 all Portland Iron Co li —. 1/ 100 60 Royal Mail Steam 1 all Scot. Austral. Invest. 1i 2 1 i Ditto New .... . 25 all South Austral. Land 36i 373 1 all Submar. Tel. Scrip... — 1 1 all Do. Registered .. . ..... —. 1 5 Trust& L.Co.U.Can• ... .... ... 10 1 48 Vitu Menial Ukiah to = m __.. _ 21 1 . ad an THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, JULY 6 1.855, LINES LEASED AT FIXED RENTALS. RAILWAY,: Leasing Compass. Closing Prices yesterday. Bedford and Blotchley Buckghamsh Clydesdale Jc Col. Stour Vy Sud. and Hal E. Lin. g. 6 pc Glas. Barr. & Neils. Direct Do. New Glstr.& Dn. Fr Hrtlpl. Dk. Railway Hull & Selby Do. Shares. Do. Shares. Lon.&Greenw Do. Preference Lon., Til., & S. Lowestoft gr. 4 per cent. Do. 6 per ct. Manch. Bxtn and Matlock Middlesbro' & Redear Midld.Bradfd Newmarket Bury Exton N.& Est.s p. c Do. 6 per et. Do. Fixeds p Prest. & Wyre Do. i Shrs. A Roystn.&Hit. Shef.Roth.and Goole g. 5 p.c. Shrews. &Her. S. Staffordsh. Wear Valleygr 6 per cent Do Wilts&Gomrst PREFE: Aberdeen Do. N 0.2, 7 p. (3 1 Blyth and Tyne 10 pei c. pref. (issd. at 500 Brie. & Ex. 4 p. c. St. Do. 4 p. c. Shares Caledonian £lO Chester & Holyhead Guar. 5i per cent Do. do. Pref. No. 2 Do. do. Pref. No. 2 Cork &Bandons ip.c Dun.Prth .& Aber. J E. Anglian Cls. A Sh Do. do. Cls. B 6 p. c Do. do Cis. C 7p. c. Eastern Counties Ex tension, 5 p. c. No. I Do. No. 2 Do. New 6 p. c. St. East Un.. G. 6 p. c. Do. 51., 10 Der cont. Do. 101. Debentr.Sb. Do. do. 4 per cent... East Lancash. 6 p. cts. E. &W. York. J. sths Ed. Prth.&Dun.4p.c Furness FlOO 5 100 all Glas. &5.W.G.5 p. c. Great Northn. 5 p. c. Do. 5 p. c. Redeem., at 10 p. c. prom Do. 4 p. c Do. 5 p. c. Scrip, Red. at 5 p. c. pm... Gt.N. of Scot. Ist Pre' Gt. S. &W. (Irelrld) Do. 4per C. Pref. St Gt. Westn. (Berks & Hants Ex. 5 p. c) Do. con. red. 4 p.e, Do. con. red. 4 p. c. Do. irred. 4 p.c. Do. Birm, Pref. Sh Do. Chester 8 p. c.P.S. Do. do. 5 p. c. Do. Birm. Gua. Stk Do. Ches. Gua. Sh Do. do. do 5 all sll all Do. do. do Lan. &York. F. £2C Do. 6 p. c. Stick Lon. &Brie). G. 5 p.c Do. Prof., 5 P. C. St Do. New Guar.6 p. c Do. do. 5 per cent Lon. &N. W., Coy. & Nuneaton 5 p. ct Lon. & S. W. Con. 3 ds Londy. & Color. Sh. Londy. &Ennia.6 Sb. Han., Shef., & Lin New, £lO Do. £6 Warypt.&CarL4p C Do. 4i per cent Do {id. Consol.6 p.c.St Do. Consol. Bristol Birm. 6 per cent... Do. 4i p. c. Pref. St Do. Pref. 4 per con Do. 5/. Pref. 4 p. c Ditto Leicester and Hitchen Pref. St... (Norfolk Dcbeaturo Do. Pref. 4 p. c. Stool Do. 5 P.C. Ext 11)o. 5i per et. pref... Do. Way. Val. 5 p. c. ,North British N. E. Berw, 4 p.c. P Do. do. do Do Leeds 6 p.c c.No ] Do. do. Quarters 4' Do. York Ff S. Pur. North Staffordshire., Oxford, Worcester, Wolverh.,£ls, 6 p .c , Do R. Pref. 101. Sh. ' Scot. Cent.,New Pre' South Devon 'Do. fixed, 4i per ceni S. Eastern (Readinr !inn.) of 1:1 Os. 6d. Do. 4 nor cent S. Wales Gua. 4 p. c Do. do. 4i p. c S.Yorksh.4p.c.Guar. Stock. & Dar., 5 p. c. Do. do. do Stock. & [Taal. g. P. c. till July 1, '5(; W uterfd. & Milk. 6 p c London & N. West. L. &N. W. Caledon E. Un. E. C lo G e t. d N o r ni th ut n. Gt. Westu Yk. New. Berw. Y. &NM , Do S. Easton Do Peto & Co. Norfolk Do L.& N. W & Midld Stekton Darlingt. En. Coun. E. Count Do Do L. &N W &Ln&Yk Do Got Northn Lancash & Yorksh. T. Brassey M. MClean Stockt. & Darlingt Co IGtW( 'estn. 98 - 100 100 - 102 135 137 27 - 29 iiii - iiii 12i -- 13 23 -- 24 11. -- 12 2i - 21 94 - 96 i - iP 58 - 60 133 -135 - 2 - 24 32 - 33 93 - 95 'E SHARES. ••• - ••• 98 - 100 94 -- 06 99 - 101 3 - 4 6 - 6i 1 - 1i - 18 134 - 14 al 64 118 - 120 1.10 - 112 106 R - iP 9 - 9i 6 -- 61 99 -- 101 90 -- 92 92 -- 94 10 -- 11 17 -- 171 101 -- 103 74 -- 76 19/ -- 20.} 9i -10 i 14/ -15 i -- 3d 137 139 •• • '"'' 1.. 21- 31, pt.- 14 - SP - 141 97 -9.) - 4i 103 - 105 95 - 97 3i - 4 •. -- ... par 107 - 109 ~ - ... 1 , 0 ad -- par 23} 23 99 101 16 1= is' 2 - 3p .•• ... 23 - MINES. Business this day. LAW INTELLIGENCE.-(THIS DAY.) QUEEN'S BENCH.—GUILDHALL. (Before Lord Campbell and a Special Jury.) HENDERSON V. THE AUSTRALIAN ROYAL MAIL STEAM PACKET COMPANY. In this ease, the particulars of which we gave in our yesterday's impression, the jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff for 2,7501. TOPLIS V. GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY COMPANY.- RAILWAY LIABILITY. This was an action brought by the plaintiff, residing at Eastwood, near Nottingham, to recover of the de fendants compensation for damages sustained in the delay in the delivery of a pig. Mr. Quail appeared for the plaintiff ; Mr. Knowles, Q.C., and Mr. Unthank for the defendants. The learned counsel, in opening the case to the jury, said it was a rare circumstance for a special jury to be summoned to do posthumous honours to a pig„and as the animal had gained some notoriety in his native county, it was necessary he should give them a succinct account of his history. The " natives" of Nottingham having denied. it was possible to feed a pig in London equal to that in their own locality, the plaintiff, who has a brother living at Notting-hill, determined to show them it could be done, and, accordingly, sent the pig to London for that purpose. The pig, which was not an ordinary grunter, but a remarkable animal, increased greatly in size under the judicious management of the brother until it was necessary it should be slaugtered. The pig was accordingly slaughtered, packed, and taken to the Great Western Railway station on Friday, the 7th April, 1854, for transmission to the plaintiff, but, instead of arriving at its destination the following day, as it ought to have done, it did not arrive until five days after, when it was in such a putrid and decomposed state that the plaintiff was obliged to bury it. The pig weighed 31cwt. 3 qrs. 16 lb., which, with the expenses of slaughter ing, packing, &c., was valued at about 131. Evidence was given in support of the plaintiff's ease. Mr. Knowles contended the defendants were not liable, but the Midland Railway Company, over which the pig had to pass from Birmingham, where the delay occurred. The Great Western Railway Company by their notice only undertook to convey goods beyond the limits of the company's local destination on certain con ditions, which they published at the back of their re ceiving notes, which the consigner signed and left with the company. Lord Campbell said the jury would have to decide whether the defendants received the pig in the capacity of common carriers, or under the special contract relied, on by them in their defence. If railway companies re ceived goods to be carried to any plac3 mentioned in the address, and undertook to do so they were liable for what happened beyond the limits of their line as much as upon it, without which railway traffic could not be carried on. He must remark on the impropriety of the mode adopted by railway companies in publishing their notices at the back of the receiving note in type so small as to be scarcely read without the aid of a magnifying glass. The Legislature had now properly interfered to put an end to such at tempts on the part of railway companies to establish special contracts with their customers. The jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff for the amount claimed. MARKET NEWS.—(THIS DAY.) CORN EXCHANGE. The present arrivals of English wheat, coast% :se and by 'and carriage, have been very moderate. Fresh up to day they were trifling, and the show of samples was small. However, the demand for most kinds was in a sluggish state, but we have no change to report in Monday's cur rency. The imports of foreign wheat have been only 3,313 quarters. Good heavy qualities sold in retail quantities at full quotations. Low parcels were doll, but not cheaper. Floating cargoes realised former terms. The show of barley was very small, and a good clearance was effected, at ext7eme rates. We had a moderate inquiry for malt at last weak's quo tations. The oat trade was firm, and prime heavy samples were ,he turn higher. Beans, pens, and flour sold on former terms. ARRIVALS THIS WEEK. Barley. Malt. Oats. Flour. English .. 981 1,830 10 1,960 Irish .... I 480 Foreign 3,341 12,300 2,630 sks GENERAL AVERAGE PRICES OF BRITISH CORN For the week ended July 5, 1855, made up from the Returns of the Inspectors in the different Cities and Towns in England and Wales per Imperial Quarter. WHEAT. BARLEY. OATS. RYE. ) BEANS. PEAS. 75i lid 34s 31 23s 81 , 45s 6d 46s 61 1 43 s 8 d THE SIX WEEKS' AVERAGE. WHEAT. I BARLEY. I OATS. I RYE. 3 BEANS. 3 PEAS. 76s 113 33s 9d 28s 7d 45s 7d 46s 3d 42s Gd QUANTITIES OF GRAIN SOLD LAST WEEK. Wheat, 84,791 ; Barley, 8,003 ; Oats, 11,724 ; Bye, 139 ; Beans 2,970; Peas, 294 quarters. Wheat. 1,350 METROPOLITAN CATTLE MARKET. The supply of beasts in to-day's market was but mode rate. For all kinds we had a steady demand at an ad vance in the quotations obtained on Monday of 2d per Sibs, and a clearance was easily effectid. The best sorts were worth fully 4s 10d per Blbs. Sheep—the supply of which was rather limited for the time of year— were in good re quest as respects the best kinds, which advanced 2s per Slbs. Inferior sheep were dull, but not lower. The highest figure was 5s per Sibs. We had a good inquiry for lambs at from 2d to 4d per albs more money than on Monday. Calves were in large supply and steady request at full quotations. In pigs very little was doing. Milch cows moved off steadily at from 141. to 191. each, including their small calf. Per Blbs to sink the offals. s. d. s. (1.1 B. d. s. d. Inferior Beasts.... 3 6to 3 EqrimeSouthdown 410 5 0 Second quality.. ..3 10 4 21Large crse. calves 4 0 4 6 Prime large oxon 4 4 4 61Prime small d 0... 4 8 6 0 Prime Scots, &c. 4 8 4 101 Large hogs 3 4 3 8 Inferior Sheep ...3 4 3 6 'Small porkers 4 0 4 4 Second quality ...3 8 4 0 1 Suckling calves..2l 0 28 0 Prime erso.-wlled.4 2 4 6!Quarter old pigs 21 0 27 • 0 Lamb 4s 10d to 614 d. TOTAL SUPPLE. FOREIGN SUPPLY • Beasts • ............ 1,022 i Beasts • •• ••.• • 214 Sheep novo valves: .... ............ 4.)) Ings .........• 500 Sheep 3,n00 Calves,... ........ 400 Pig 5..................•• •• LE ADE NFIALL. short supply and steady NEWGATE AND Each kind of meat was request, on higher terms. Per Blbs by , s. d. s. d. s. d. R. d. Beef, inferior 2 2 3 4 Mutton, Inferior 3 2 3 6 Do., middling 3 6 3 8 Do., middling ..... 3 8 4 2 Do., prime largo 3 10 4 0 Do., prime ......... 4 4 4 8 Do , do. small 4 2 4 4 Veal ................. 3 8 4 8 Furk, largo 3 4 3 8 Pork, small ...... -.3 10 4 4 Lamb 4s 6d to 6s Od. the carcase. BOROUGH HOP. As the plantation accounts aro still favourable our mar ket is heavy, and the duty is called 230,00 01 • Prices aro barely supported. Nearly 400 bales of foreign hops have come in. Mid and East Kent pockets, 14/. to 18/.los. ; Weald of Kent ditto, 13/. 10s. to 15/ Os. ; Sussex ditto, 12/. to 131. 10s. COLONIAL. TEA.—Very little has been done, but former rates have been current. SUGAR.—There has been an active demand at fuller prices. Refining kinds of British Plantation has advanced Gd per cwt. Barbadoes low heavy to good bright groce r y, at auction, realised 34s to 38s 6d per cwt. East India.— The dealings have been limited. No Madras or Bengal has been offered publicly, and Mauritius was bought in above the value, holders evincing much firmness. Foreign Mus covado anilla was taken in at 31s 6d to 32s 6d, but sub sequently went at 31s Gd. Washed brought 31s Gd per cwt. Havannah afloat has been in request, a cargo of No. 11.4. to 12 for Plymouth selling at 22s 3d, and part of an other for lioninburg at 30s per cwt. At auction good yellow brought 38s Gd per cwt. Cuba Muscovado sold readily at Gd advance, viz., at 33s 6d to 3Gs for heavy brown to good mid grey. A good business h as be en done in Re fined at full rates. COFFEE.—Plantation Ceylon has bee n i n request, and at auction low mid and mid colory went at 57 3 t o 61 s 6d, good and fine ord at 48s 6d to 495, mid greyish at 625, mid to good mid colory at 62s to 675, triag e a t 46 s to 53 s 6d, and low mid to mid greyish at 58s to 635. Native realised 48s to 49s for fine ord bold, but ord ragged to good ord was held for 48s to 48s 6d. Bahia was taken in at 46s for fine ord, and at 41s to 48s for good ord red to fine ord palish. RlOE.—This article has been firm. Madras good small white brought 13s Gd, and mid mixed barley grain 12s 6d. Bengal good mid to fine bold pearly white went at 14s 6cl to 15s 6d, and Bombay good yellow cargo grain at 12s Gd to 13s per cwt. SPlOES.—Pimento has been now wanted ; mid to good mid even went at s,id to 53d, and Cassia Lignea sold heavily at 130 s for first pile, 124 s to 1253 for second, and 120 s for third pile. RUM.—Leewards have been sold at 2s 4d, Demerara at 2s 6d, and Jamaica common at 3s 8d to 3s 9d per gallon. SALTPETRE.—FuIIer rates have been obtained, viz., 26s for low 19 to 22i per cent. refraction. COCHINEAL.—At public sale Honduras ord to good bold pea silver realised 3s 8d to 4s 3d, and ord to mid black 3s 10d to 4s Bd. TALLOW.—P.Y.C. has been firmer, at 52s 9d to 53s per cwt on the spot. GREEN FRUIT.—The first cargo of pine apples, per " Nancy Dawson," Capt. Harvey, 30 days from the West Indies, has been received by Keeling and Hunt, and been freely taken by the trade at public sale. Oranges have improved in value. Messina and Palermo lemons are being received, via Rotterdam and Antwerp, and realise good prices. Nuts in fair demand. CRYSTAL PALACE--SRafii`lG DAY: —JULY 5. Admissions on payment, 9,320 ; ditto for season tickets, I,ol3—Total, 10,833. THE AUSTRALIAN MAILS. —The Royal mail ship Champion of the Seas, Cal ) ,t• M‘Kirdy, belonging to s B l Black Ball Line oonfrom o e f m hAtuee trMaelsi Messrs. . .Tas. , Bainessailed 'a yesterday afternoon Mersey for Melbourne with the Australian mails, 40 cabin and upwards of 400 second cabin and intermCli ate passengers, and a full cargo of valuable merchandise on board, including a number of railway carriages for the Melbourne and Geelong Railway Company, and also for the Williamstown Railway Company. The next mail frem England will be carried out by the White Star ship Shahimar, Capt. Robert son , on th e 20th in s t., and those of the sth proximo by the celebrated clipper James Baines, Capt. C. Bl`Donnell, of the Black .133.11 Line. GEELONG AND MELBOURNE RAILWAY.—The Geelong , states that the works on this l Adve rtiser , ine h a v o e f t p h r e o g 7 r t e h s s o e f d A w p i r t i h l great rapidity, owing in a great measure to the decline in the price of labour, of which the contractors have availed themselves to the fullest extent. Forty miles of the line are under active work, and the greater part of the earthwork is finished. Several hundred tons of rails have been received, besides earth waggons and other goods. The pier, 1,000 feet in length, is now ready for laying the permanent way. Of the capital of 350,000/., upwards of 140,0QQL has been expended. THE ATTACK OP THE 18th. General Pelissier's despatch of the 22d of June, giving a full report of the action of the 18th, or at least of that part of it in which the French army was most promi neatly engaged, is a candid, perspicuous, and highly creditable narrative of the proceedings of that unfortu nate day. Some additional circumstances might have been mentioned which possibly contributed to the failure of the attack, but upon the whole this report is a fair and correct account of the chief causes of this untoward oc currence. It makes no attempt to conceal the magnitude of the losses sustained by the allied armies or the keen ness of the disappointment which rapidly succeeded the immoderate confidence of the troops, and it leaves us to award the responsibility of this disaster to those upon whom the chief burden falls. We shall not assume that ungracious and invidious office. There were errors of judgment, there was a want of accuracy and combination in the movements, there was an incorrect estimate of the resources of the fortress in this plan of attack ; all this is fully acknowledged by the Generals themselves, but the consummate intrepidity shown by the troops and by the gallant leaders who fell at the head of their men bids us abstain from saying a single word which may aggra vate the pain of our loss or of their untimely fate. These daily remarks of ours are read by a large portion of the civilised world, but more especially they are read, and read with avidity, by those whom they most concern — by our countrymen in the camp before Sebastopol ; and however indifferent we may be in general to the praise or blame of interested parties, we should be sorry to write a single word which could be thought inaccurate, unjust, or discouraging by the army. We therefore confine ourselves to the general considerations which the problem of this siege still suggests, and which must eventually decide the fate of Sebastopol. It is now universally admitted by all the engineers, English and F re n c h, b e f ore the place that the Malakhoff Tower and the works about it are the key of the whole position, and that against this point the main operations of the attack must be directed. The chief importance of the Mainelon, which was cap tured by the French on the 7th of June, and is now called by them the Brancion Redoubt, is, that it at once enabled the besiegers to advance their lines and works about 700 yards nearer to the Malakhoff than they were before, and consequently to drive on their approaches with greater energy against the main posi tion. The surprise we have already expressed on pre vious occasions that measures were not instantaneously taken on the 7th to secure this advantage was equally felt by the army and by the Russians themselves ; for in the course of the armistice which was so strangely granted, as if to enable the enemy to repair his works, some of the Russians asked whether the Generals were drunk when they acceded to such a request. General Pelissier says that after the capture of the outer works they had been rapidly converted into the basis of an attack against the Karabelnaia suburb itself. But no works by sap or otherwise had been driven beyond them, and the artillery placed in them was still 650 yards from the Malakhoff Tower. Nevertheless, an assault under these extraordinary conditions was deters mined upon after the bombardment of the 17th, and it Was to be directed almost at the same time by the French against the Malakhoff works, and by the Eng lish against the Redan. Upon this arrangement another remark of great importance presents itself. It should be borne in mind that the Redan is a work which pro jects or advances considerably in front of the Malak hoff, and that the fire even from the Mamelon takes the Redan in flank. The Roden is, moreover, lower than these works, and is commanded by them. The double operation of the 18th of June is, therefore, reduced to this dilemma :—lf the French attack on the Malakhoff works proved unsuccessful, it was totally impossible for the English or any other troops to occupy the Redan, or to hold it even if they had crossed the abattis and the ditch ' • but if the French attack on the M a l a kh o ff wor k s had suc ceeded, then neither could the Russians have continued to hold the Redan ; they must inevitably have been driven out of it in a few hours by the fire of the Malak hoff and the Mamelon directed against themselves, and this result would have been obtained with certainty, and without any assault of the Redan at all. Or, to express the same proposition in fewer words, if the Malakhoff works were not taken, the Redan could not be held by us ; and if they were taken, the Redan could not be held by the Russians. In no case could the capture of the Redan have contributed to the fall of the Malakhoff works, because the latter are is the rear of the former, and completely enfilade it. If this argument be sound, as we believe it to be, the result is that no attack on the Redan ought to have been made at all, or, at most, a false attack to divert the attention of the enemy from the main point. The real English attack would have produced a far more serious effect if it had been directed against the Barrack Battery, the point assailed by General Eyre ; and if a powerful body of troops had penetrated there they might have caught the Russians in the Redan on their flank and rear. A redan is a re doubt not closed behind ; but to attack it by assault in front is to attack it precisely where it is strongest. The Cross fire of such a work from the faces of the bastion and the flanking batteries is perfectly irresistible, and the consequence was that no man got within 50 yards of the ditch alive. Nothing, in short, could justify such an attempt, except the moral obligation Lord Raglan might feel to share the peril of our allies. But there was this difference in our position—if the French bad carried the Malakhoff, they would have decided the fate of the siege ; if the English had carried the Redan only, they would have decided nothing. This being the unfortunate, but inevitable result of a premature attempt to carry by assault works still retaining the superiority of their fire, the course now to be pursued by the engineers is clear. They have it in their power to push forward by regular approaches from the position of the Mamelon against the Malakhoff Tower, and eventually to establish in these adv a n ce d works batteries of sufficient weight to subdue the fire of the enemy, and we have reason to believe that this regu lar operation has now been commenced. Indeed, Gene ral Petissier states in his telegraphic despatch of the 3d inst. that our works are progressing satisfactorily, and it is probably to this operation that he refers. Hitherto, in spite 'of the prodigious resources which have been brought to bear against Sebastopol, the fire of the be siegers has been too distant and too diffuse to produce a deci , ive effect on any one point. The siege has now as sumed a more precise direction, and with an adequate amount of time, of labour, and of artillery, the approaches against the Malakhoff Tower will acquire more of that certainty which has hitherto been the boast of the science of military engineering. But, while the allied armies are obviously endeavour ing to concentrate their attacks upon the place, we per severe in the opinion that there are many points in the adjacent districts of the Crimea against which the large bodies of effective troops not employed in the siege work might with advantage he directed. The recent excur sions conducted with judgment and success by Omcr Pasha and by General Marinora, at the head of the Turkish and Sardinian corps d'arince, have penetrated to a considerable distance into the lateral valleys of the Tchernaya. Nearly the whole country on the left bank of tho Belbek has been visited by these troops as far as the pass of Aitodor, and without encountering any serious resistance reconnaissances have been made half way from Balaklava to Bakshi-Serai. It is extremely uncertain what amount of forces the Russians have in reserve in the in terior, and there are strong reasons for believing that the main body of the Russian army has been withdrawn to reinforce the garrison of Sebastopol. All appearances of an aggressive movement on the part of the enemy from the north have, for the present, ceased ; and, though the country beyond the Belbek is exceedingly un favourable to field operations, General Bosquet's army of observation, assisted by the means of transport at our command, may in a few hours menace any part of the coast. It is, of course, impossible for ns to enter with more detail on the possibility of such operations ; but while the allied forces, amounting to 200,000 men, re main confined within the plateau 'which extends from the Tchernaya to the sea, as if they were blockaded by a superior force, it is more than doubtful whether any such force exists. We discovered by experience the weakness of the Russians at K.ertch, at Yenikale, at Anapa, and on every point we have attacked, except Sebastopol, and we cordially hope that advantage will be taken of the delay in the siege operations to make at least another diversion against the enemy on some other point of the theatre of war. BANKING BUSINESS. Recent occurrences seem to have produced an idea that the business of a banker is attended with some speculations and uncertainties beyond those to which other commercial pursuits are exposed. As no impres sion could be more erroneous, and as the subject is one on which it is by no means desirable that error should prevail, we subjoin a plain exposition of the case, di vested of all technicalities and mystery, for the informa tion of the general reader. We shall not attempt to analyse or discuss what are termed the " principles of banking," but simply give such a general explanation of facts as will be easily and popularly intelligible. The original or primary notion of a banker is simply that of a money-dealer. Money is not only the medium by which sales and purchases are effected, but it is an article of purchase and sale itself, and the banker is the tradesman who deals in it. But how, it will be asked, is any one to buy money, when money is the very thing by which every commodity is bought ? The answer is, that money is bought with credit—in other words, it is lent out to use upon the faith of the borrower, and on the condition that it shall not only be repaid, but be repaid with the addition of a certain sum in considera tion of the loan. This sum is called "interest," or more expressively sometimes in popular language " use money." This it is from which a banker, in the original conception of the trade, would derive the profits of his business, and upon which he would live. In order, however, to lend money he must first possess it—that is to say, he must have a capital ; and this is what is meant when it is said that certain sums or properties are embarked in a banking business. Two or more persons possessed of private fortunes put their money into a common stock, with a view of making profit by lending this stock out piecemeal, and receiving it back again with interest. Up to this point, therefore, the hazards of a banker's business, whatever they might be, would affect none but the bankers themselves. If they lent their money so carelessly or unluckily that they could not get it back again they might be ruined, but the ruin would be simply their own. The extension of trade, however, and the development of commercial transactions add new features to the bank ing business. A man in trade requires another trades man to manage his money concerns for him, to receive such moneys as are due to him, and to pay, according to order given, such money as he owes. This duty is discharged by bankers, who thus keep the "accounts of their customers, receiving and paying on their behalf such Km§ an are brought or demanded. The difference between the total receipts and the total payments effected on behalf of a particular customer represents what is termed the " balance" of the account, and bankers na turally desire that this balance, or the surplus money in their hands, should be as large as possible. A ccor di ng l y, as every customer has, or should have, a balan ce o f hi s own, the aggregate of these balances represents a con siderable sum, which is at the banker's disposal, like hi s own original capital, for the purposes of his trade. Sometimes these balances acquire a more permanent and substantial form. Wealthy customers not unfrequently deposit money at their banker's merely for safe keep ing, or even vanity's sake, without much intention of touching it, and we have heard of instances of lofty coxcombry where thousands upon thousands of 11 minds have been left in this way for years. Here, therefore, are large accumulations of money for the banker to deal with, and, as the profits of money-dealing must bear a direct proportion to the amount of money employed, the advantages of the business are mate rially improved. But now comes the important point. The additional capital represented by these balances and deposits is not the banker's own. He may employ it, and is, of course, presumed to do so—indeed, this is his legitimate source of remuneration and profit ; but he is liable to be called upon for it by the right owners at any time, and if he cannot produce it a catastrophe ensues. In the old commercial cities of Italy when a trader failed to meet the demands upon him the custom was to break the " bane" or counter over which his dealings were conducted, and this usage gave rise to the term " bank-rupt." From what has been said it will be seen that a banker deals with money of two kinds—first, that which is his own, and which represents the original capital with which the concern was established, a n d next, that which is not his own, but his customers'. It is upon the ma nagement of these latter funds that the prosperity and security of a banker's business peculiarly depends. He must needs be a money-dealer or money-lender in any case, for this, in fact, and nothing else, is his trade; but, whereas in the case of his original capital he risked only what was his own, and was liable to no control in the matter, in the case of his customers' money he puts out of his hands that which at any moment he may be required to refund. If he cannot refund it, the bank is said to " stop payment," and the usual pro ceedings under bankruptcy follow. In all this this there is nothing whatever to make the trade of a banker uncertain or dangerous ; on the contrary, it would be very hard to find a pursuit more advantageous, lucrative, or safe than the business of well-established bank. The partners literally find them selves put in peaceable possession of other people's money, and all they have to do is so to manage matters that they may be able to produce this money upon demand. For this purpose it is only necessary that what is lent should be lent with caution and judgment, and what is invested should be so invested as to be for the most part within certain and easy reach. Neglect of either of these precautions may produce disaster. If money is lent in large sums, or to customers not suffi ciently responsible, or if, although placed out on security good in itself, it is so tied up as not to be available at the moment of need, there may not remainrfunds enough in hand to meet sudden calls, and a stoppage of payment must ensue. Perhaps the theory of the case would re quire that a banker should always be able at any given moment to satisfy the whole body of his customers, by accounting to them for their balances and deposits if asked to do so ; but this is an extreme supposition. Pre suming nothing to have affected the credit of the estab lishment, it is in no degree probable that demands of that character would be made upon it ; and even if a bank were by some accident reduced to the necessity of suspending its payments, notwithstanding that all the ordinary rules of prudence had been observed in its management, the difficulty would only be temporary, nor need any loss ensue. If the concern was sound, the ultimate realisation of the assets, or, in other words, the reconversion of the investments into money, wou ld pro. vide the means of satisfying every customer in full. We thus arrive at what seems the single condition of good banking—viz., to keep always available such an amount of funds as will answer any probable demand ; and, though this may appear a mere truism, it really carries with it the other maxims of the trade. The rule cannot be observed if advances are made in very large sums, or for very long dates, to single firms or individuals since in this ease it is obvious that there might be diffi culty experienced in getting the money at need, and bankers therefore prefer to spread their dealings in smaller amounts and at short dates over a large surface. It cannot be observed if money is largely invested in securities not readily convertible, and therefore most speculations of an equivocal kind would be excluded by the nature of the case. Of course a banker, like any other tradesman, is liable to bad debts, and may occa sionally lose the money he had lent, even on justifiable conditions, but in this he only shares a peril common to all trades alike, and is exposed to no greater dange r i n such respects than his commercial neighbours around THE PATENT PRINTING COMPANY AGAIN. • This redoubtableecheme has at length been partially brought to a test of experiment, in consequence of Mr. Clay, of Bread-street-hill, having challenged Major Benioweki to a trial of his invention, as compared with the ordinary process. The first portion of this trial took place on Tuesday, June 12, at Mr. Clay's office, in presence of several members of Parliament and gen tlemen connected with the printing profession, when it was a rrange d th a t a p age o f P ar li amentary work' should be composed by each party. Cases being provided with letter in them, softie copy was given to the composi tor, Mr. W. Hughes, who composed a page of small pica, 33 erns wide (or 77 ens small pica), containing, according to the ordinary method of crating up, 6,006 letters, but by counting the actual letters and spaces, as was done by Major Beniowski, it consisted of 7,020. The trial of Major Benioweki's system took place on Friday, June 15, at his residence in Bow-street, when the same copy was given to the young lady who picks up the types, being assisted by a youth who spaced out the lines. The time occupied was__ CLAY'S. h. m. Composition Imposition 0 24 Readingand revising 0 12k Proof and revise Distribution BENIOWSLI'S. h. m. Composition Correcting (on galley) 0 29 Imposition Reading Proof (not corrected)* 0 45 Distributio n 0 56 Total ,Total ...... 4 12 It will thus be seen that from the time the compositor took copy he had his page ready for press in less than three hours, including the time occupied by the reader, and that he afterwards distributed the type in 51 minutes. While, by Major Beniowski's system, although two were engaged in the process, it required upwards of two hours to produce the page, and a reader was occupied 15 minutes in reading it ; but the gallant Major, it seems (although at the outset it was stipulated that the page should not be considered finished till properly read and corrected), declared that there was no necessity for reading or correcting, the type having been read over on the galley by the fair compositor. It appears, however, that there was great necessity for reading, for as many error» were discovered as would have taken 45 minutes to correct. The Major, however, refused to have the proof corrected, considering that there was no impropriety in dividing the word " ve-ry," and that a double of a word or two and a host of other imperfections were of no consequence. Had the time of the reader been taken into account, and had his proof been corrected, as undoubtedly it should have been, the compositor would have had the advantage of his two competitors by twenty-eight minutes. Thus the Major is on the horns of a dilemma—either it will take longer to produce a page correctly by his system than by the present ; or, to gain any advantage in speed, he must entirely sacrifice correctness, which, in Parliamentary printing especially, is so indispensable. Then, again. the time occupied by the two boys in distributing was 56 minutes each, while that by the compositor was only 51. This, then, is the system which threatened to produce an entire revolution in the printing business—which was to simplify the art so that any one able to read might at once become a compositor—which should annihilate the present race of printers, and supersede them as com pletely as the ancient scribes were by the introduction of printing—and by which printing could be executed in one-fourth the time and one-eighth the cost, returning to the fortunate shareholders a profit of 300 per cent. But on the very first imperfect trial, which was one calculated, from the simple nature of the work to be executed, and the plainness of the copy, to give the inventor every advantage,l- it has displayed anything , but a superiority over the common method. That a number of types may be put together in a short space of time no one doubted, but that, as every practical man knows, is the least part of a compositor's art ; and the " inventor" has exhibited nothing whatever to lessen the difficulties a compositor has to contend with. What is there, or can there be, in the proposed or any other system that facilitates the deciphering of imperfect manuscript, or assist in more readily punctuating ? So far from ther being any improvement in the appearance) of the work when executed, it is confessedly the re verse ' • and instead of progressing in the [art, a book printed with the proposed types would be infinitely in ferior to those printed a hundred years ago ; for words or syllables having tinfoil wrapped around them, and the single letters having none, it is impossible to make them range and extremely difficult to make them " lift" when imposed, as is clearly proved by the time (19 minutes) occupied in imposing Major Beniowski's page ; and whilst some of the letters will be close together, others will have a space between them ; and what the type founders have most striven to achieve will be destroyed. With regard to time, it is shown by the experiment that if the work is to be done in anything like a proper manner, it must go through the ordinary routine of reading and correcting, and then, in spite of two persons being engaged instead of one, no advantage will be gained, but the reverse; for every practical printer knows that when work is in a burry the composition may be facilitated by dividing it into small portions, as is done on the daily papers ; but where much correcting is needed there is an inevitable delay, from the extra time occupied in reading, and from the difficulty of dividing the work into portions ; and the time occupied in cor recting is very much greater with the proposed logotypes than with the present, owing to the compositor not be ing able to overrun the lines or divide the words with the same facility. In distributing, although the "inventor" asserts that it may be done by any little boy able to read, it turned out that it occupied two boys a longer time than was taken by the compositor. It is to be regretted that no inspec tion was made of the way in which this was executed, for we have no doubt that from the number of compart ments (1620) in Maj.'. Beniowski's case (or "authoriton," as he terms it), the work was most incorrectly done, an , l that after a day's work, the whole case would be in contusion, making it impossible for the lady to proceed with composition. Boys can distribute in the cases at present used, and we have no doubt much better than in those of Major Beniowski's ; but we should like to know what compositor would consider his work facilitated by such assistance. We are at a loss to conceive how there can be any saving in the expense ; for we have seen that while the, whole time occupied in composing, reading, and correct ing a page for pre-.s by the pro , ent method was only 31 hours, that taken by those engaged in the new process was so less than 51 hours, to which, if one hour necessary for reading and correcting be added, will be 0 hours, or nearly doubled. Major Beniewiski however, it seems, relies for cheap production aot so much on the actual time consumed, but on the very low wages he would pay; but in this. he displays a knowledge of political economy and the laws which regulate wages about as complete as Los knowledge of printing ; for if the enormous number of hands he represents were to be brought into requisi tion, the demand for their labour would compel him to raise their wages ; besides, he would find a much greater amount of skill necessary than he seems to ima g ine, and this would cause another rise, for when a lad found himself useful he would demand an increase of wages, which must be given in proportion to the difficulty there might be in supplying his place. Also let any one read the truthful description of the protracted labour necessary for the production of a blue book, given in another column, and say whether it would not be the greatest inhumanity to condemn boys to such unceasing toil. It, then, the appearance of the work would be far in ferior to that at present executed ; if, instead of gaining time it should be the reverse ; if correctness is to be disregarded, and a slovenly system substituted, what inducement can there be for a Government to adopt the extraordinary course of buying the patent from the " inventor l" If the system possesses any portion of the merits its advocates claim for it, it needs no patronage from Government for its success—on the contrary, all our most important inventions have been brought forward by private individuals, who have never found difficulty in providing funds for any scheme possess ing merit ; and if its promoters are so confident, why do not they give in a tender for the execution of Parliamentary printing, and realise the fortune we are told they might We should think that the fact of there being found no practical master printer to advocate the invention (while so many condemn it), would be sufficient proof to the committee that no improvement could be effected by the if the iptroduction of the proposed method, for whatever may be said of the opposition of journeymen to any limprove ment in their art threatening to supersede them, s urely, if, as the patrons of Major Beniowskes scheme state (among other calumnies), the master printers o ar held additional reason f their employ, that would only be an ad those in a state of thraldom by the combination joystera which why they should be eager to adopt an e y pe iasy ;Wall.) d.th i s , h , o o l u d ld ha p u ro d m e is c e an to be e s m o ts2:p; support from the r Con sequently, the withholding of theirr its strongest condem e. sent scheme must be considered nation. But although we consider., the recent trial, so far as it apparatus to b e a complete went, of Major Beniowsk ' i n s order full failure, we contend that, In various to test its merits, trials should be Inade t s o t kind a kinds of work • not only should the ailup. e be ssenn fed selected, which, we done on either sstem b admit, may but man script y persons of but little experience, , of various kinds should • d a nd tabular matter be tile , should be composed ; for if, the syst • as is stated, , ern 15 applicable to Parliamentary p r inting, je t tee va rious kinds of matter usually com prisedsuch work be tri e d. Wh en th e com p ara ti ve mer i ts of sailing vessels are tested, trials of the various methods of sailing are made=as, before the wind, aas inst the wind, &c. We contend that, in the present instance, similar . trials should also be made, and we are confidentthat • on every trial the absurdities of the pro posed scheme would be more apparent, and that in a short time it would be condemned to oblivion.—Typo gAtpkicai circular. * This was the lowest calculati•n, and does not include the reader's time for revise, or the Major's for correcting revise. -I. The width of the measure, an awkward one for a corn• positor not used to it, was in favour of Major Beniowski's system, as giving fewer lines to pass and space out; and this who, by the lady compositor, upon by made each answer w c a o s a f r u a r r t y he t r o improve d e r m ov u ed al u commence a paragraph, instead of running it on after the (paestion. . HARROW SegooL.—A number of the old pupils of Harrow dined together at the Freemasons' Tavern on Wednesday evening, The hall was elegantly decorated for the occasion. The chair was occupied by Sir Robert Peel, Bart., supported by the Hon. F. Ponsonby, Mr. A. Stafford, M.P., Lord. Garlies, the Rev. Francis Trench, Rev. T. 0. Blacks.% Capfain - Sapte, Rev. J. N. Simpkinson, Rev. W. Oxenham, Rev. J. Drury, Messrs- J. P. Broughton, F. A, Hanky, 0 . 6 ! CHar. Haggard,rerc C. Paid, PM PM ANTICIPATED RIOT TN HYDE-PARK. If credit may be given to the great majority of wit nesses who have borne testimony to the conduct of the police on Sunday last in Hyde-park, that conduct was of a very brutal and ferocious description. We are threatened next Sunday with a repetition of the disturb. ance on a still more serious reale, and, as there is yet time to prevent so grave an occurrence, it would seem to be a duty incumbent upon all men who have acquired to a certain degree the confidence of their fellow-subjects to avert, if it be in their power, such a calamity. We believe that our legislators have been very seriously in fault in exasperating the people by an ill-timed interfer ence with their pursuit , . It would, however, be difficult to deny that the police have most grossly misconducted themselves throughout the affair. The people do not • forget, and for many a long day they will not forget, the brutal manner in which they were assaulted by the po lice upon -an occasion which need not have been the cause of strife but for their ill-judged interference. The first impression of every rational man who hears of the intended gathering on next Sunday is, " What do the " people want ? Are not Lord Robert Grosvenor and his bill consigned to merited oblivion ?" This is the truth to a certain extent, but not the whole truth. Every man in London whose relation or friend was in jured on last Sunday by the truncheons of the police is burning to play out the return Linings. The sympa thies of thousands attend them even among those who have not been directly concerned in the business of last Sunday. We pay the police to protect our house and our pockets, not to break our heads. They are our ser vants, and not our masters. It becomes, then, a matter of the first importance to remove all just causes of com plaint before the day arrives when the strife may be re newed. The bill has been withdrawn. The member who introduced it and the house who sanctioned it have acknowledged their error—and so there is and end to that question. The grievance which the people met in Hyde-park last Sunday to remedy no longer exists, but on that day a fresh grievance was created. The police appear to have grossly misconducted themselves, and, therefore, if further disturbance is to be averted, it be comes the first duty of the Government to take such steps as shall insure to them the sympathies of the majo rity. The best course open to them, under all circum stances, is to make a public declaration, before it be too late, that the conduct of the police on Sunday last shall be submitted to a searching anal public investigation. We would particularly call attention to the desultory conversation in the Lower House last night, in the course of which Mr. Roebuck and Mr. T. Duncombe gave utterance to complaints which may, unfortunately, be heard in lower, but in more threatening accents in every street. The fact is, that the Home-office is "in a scrape," and it requires the utmost firmness and foresight to avert the evil consequences of previous error. There is but one way to secure the public sup port, which is to remove all causes of offence, and to place the people clearly in the wrong if they attempt any fresh disturbance. Sir George Grey has before him a few hours for consideration—this evening for an ex pression of his determination, and another day for pre paration. We fully believe that if this night in the House of Commons an assurance be given that the con duct of the police force on Sunday last is to be made the subject of real and satisfactory inquiry, the storm will blow over. No rational man wishes to Bee the functions of the House of Commons transferred to the contitia tributa of Hyde-park. We all want peace and order ; but we do not desire our fellow-subjects maltreated with out a cause. After what we have written, we need scarcely say that it is our most hearty and earnest advice to our poor fellow-subjects to abstain on Sunday next from any violent demonstration. Hitherto they have been entirely in the right, and have carried with them the sympathies of all rational men. Let them not by irrational violence place themselves in the wrong, and alienate the good wishes of those who have until now supported their cause. Their opponents would only be too thankful to see a false movement on their part, and would be but too eager to take advantage of it. At the present moment the sole grievance is the conduct of the policemen on Sunday.—Times. FLOWER SHOW AT CREMORNE GARDEN& A large number of persons visited Cremorne Gardens yesterday, on the occasion of the second grand Rower show of the South London Floricultural Society. In spite of the fact that the glories of the great show at the Botanical Gardens in the Regent's-park, the day before, were fresh in the memory of many of the spectators, there was still sufficient to excite the greatest gratifica tion. The show of geraniums was particularly fine, and were the object of universal admiration. The verbenas and fuchsias were thought equal to any that were_ef. posed in the Botanical Gardens the day before._ 4- 0 _ 1 , 7 : :1 the leading exhibitors were Messrs. Veitch and t. o °_l lni. Messrs. Cut- After the d Chelsea whose rare and valuable plants werestehara ration ofi all the visitors. Among the 141-P r 2 i - d ei :5 1Y r s e a R t h ho e ew r cl a ee l : l B2 , who obtained prizes, the principal were Rose; Robinson, Baker, Short, Ilarvt;l:bir•ents followede, The nurserymen Aho were fortuna te After bush, Turner, Gaines, Paul, and 0 13 „ ir been have 0-- recently pro latbionMtoall. cision of the prizes, the usual e nt i er A increased by others which y r. immenseTiernan delight duced. The performaneensciinotih, dez were the source of ~ d .. to the junior ntytnoef of The portion of the audience feelings of those in T t e h r e e s b t e ad a ui eacimrclur f Sebastopol. Th en ar were excited by a ' view of the storming 0 . . there was a • entertainment anai n , which Mackney called ballet, a comic nohter" and cd forth "roars of .? most attractive exhibitions of showers of applause." ofone the the present day- ,the gardens, their ad inirable Cremorne is P"iti°onf'ey thee side of the Thames, and the varied nature been the amusements, obtain for it a popula rity which has been in vain sought for in other exhibi tions o f the same nature. A series of entertainments, commencing with a flower • show and en di ng w ith fire. werko, %mid scan t ly fail of noon. 100 all 82e. 100 100 100 all all 31 ly all all 1 all 171 s. 1 2 all 13 20i 100 20 100 100 100 20 20 50 50 10(1 100 20 50 20 25 20 10 20 35 10 22? all all 811 f 72~ ~ 12i i 1081 1131 9i i 25 12' 12 20 50 60 50 25 10 St. 20 50 50 11! 124 10 103 100 LOOl St. 5 St. 17 20 12 25 20 St. 100 all all all all 1004 LOA 51 i 99i 93} 10i