The Sun. — London, England, 1842-07-07 00:00:00

A6CEF . now, has r employ the same the ab atose who at least t such an w hen h former f employ large es- the 9 0 1 3' tcaents .uction of nto effe ct .affurdro,' ing ska ld Froc ° into that. than kilo f 80 11) 1 0; n g AIM )nt siltl Lvers en" w eatirl u g about,strePP 7 gene by g'° t " ecluctionk• le ca se )ety enters,. „,,e n ; I, is O , t of m r. no _ . .. a gc y Pr y , bt - peA' tuniNir' hey ka a , mow.. s witi 0 . 4 1. - tr , , rose, :,,ii i'Friirsiti;( nne.,_ A or Ps lw ' . Ir ,` r r THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, JULY 7, 842: tcllto. pauperism e x i s ting in that parish. A pres,sitien :ililN.:ai tie_de'that- her Alaj,..sty's Gisvecitment ie should '.l,•PiAls,ta' , .e'the, e ma tt ers n it° th e i r serous cea,i !era ;,,,,,,'t'w•• Should devis e *seine means for r e li • - • n ig t h e dis - - '''''"es 'or the coil !:rv. It was now twelve inot,ths 41 ,2`.'e . , the Right Honourable Baron e t had taken '''"e•e• • He • had, at that time, asked for time to tconsider the measures he might deem it right to pro se ; and now, after twelve m on th s ' considemion w ould ask the Right litm. Baronet what measure he t•:‘,3o .prepared to propose to relieve the distresses of the ~,,Uiltertty. There was one subject which showed the dis erss h .. state of the metropolis. Ile had had an oppor d ay- of seeing One of the largest pawnbrokers in Lon „?,11.• who stated that such was the demand for money, ' , alit l aklay of the pawnbrokers had refused to advance * I CY for good s , as t h e i r cap i ta l was nearly exhausted. th u_eY used to advance 3d. a yard on cotton goods, nowtaewould not adva nce even ld., b ecause t h ey could buy this goods at 9 d. a yard. It was not only the poorer I,lf 48 WIM were suffering distress— the shopkeepers also I , lt d istress severely. They said there never was a thne Q - 2,. e n there was Si little money, in circulation, or when I 'l t.,i were so unpunctually paid for. Persons who had Z re t tofore been, in a good line of business were note in 3 ,,' , "s, and looked forward to. the ensuing winter with Z 9 st painful feelings. They were not likely to have a !to`etiful harvest, and if, as he believed, not more than tmr thirds the corn had been sown this year that had do sown last, h e was at a l oss to i mag i ne how any r, c ould result fr om an y measure w hi c h did not in -I,,eue an imporettion of foreign corn into the country. 14 ,1 Pristti •inereased as the price of corn increased, 14'.' respect to the late alteration in the Corn-laws, he i t that the principal advantage to be hoped from ~,zs, that it would open the - way for a still larger mea *6 ":f reform. He hoped that the time would conic tiler ' 4 1 10 duty would be levied upon foreign corn, except j a .t e ly nominal one for purposes of revenue. The changes at'a tariff migh t perhaps ultimately produce some benefit; s e d,, l heY could not, for the present at least, cause any .41`.` if e • e ti°11 in meat, butter, or the other great necessaries se 3 4 ! The only other great law that had passed this ( :_n Was the Income-tax ; and that was a measure the ea. would only tend to aggravate the evils under which lipuntry suffered. ti t 74 13R OTHERTON said that he could be ar his tes thPY. to the di s t ress w hi c h preva il ed i n Manchester bev'eSS.lford, th e seats o f the cotton manufacture. There It s " 3 such general distress amon g the working esi l ,P as at present. Letters which he had recently re -4471. i nformed him that wo r k men in a l most every ealpi e ,:` of manufacture were con s t an tly thrown cut of of ti;Ymerlt, Instead of b e i ng emp l oye d , many der a i; People were in a st a t e o f starvat i on, qu i te 4 %le e , ,-"yen of the means o f em i grat i ng to an ii4 e oUritry where they might fi n d emp l oyment . d 046 regard to improvements in machinery, he had no tait rif r'g• Was a cause of throwing persons out of employ %%Z s '`III seventy-five establishments in Manchester the Ite7: o • 44 inber of m ill s w hi c h, i n 1e29, emp l oye d 2,650 Vot a . ! I ' , in 1841 employed only half that number. It I ttt ,.!tisa said th at j o i nt-stock b anks caused the distress. fe., L t was the dearness of food which induced the mann .torers to have recourse to machinery, and do every ai,rtg. Which would l essen the cost of production; and the kiit a t ' 'k s Preailed where ther e were no ; o i nt - stoc k b an k s, thit 7 '''tat . tOtild not be the cause of it. The cause was elestated b y the Hon. Member for Leeds. It was the v t i:ess of fo o d. Th e cost of' bread from 1838 to 1841 , I vitlit' ° ° o ,oool. dearer th an f rom 183 3 to 1836, an d t h e tta k c.Wal of 20,000,0001. a year from trade must do the `,,• t g, cause the distress. When the food was cheap dee r price of wages was kept up, and when it was tsaii c i e 'nPloym en t fell off.—(Hear, hear.) Prosperity 1 83 c ;. ' O nlY be insured by cheap food ; in 1834, teiitt'.,alld 1836, there was a surplus in the public re itii„'e' in 1837 1838 and 18:39, there was a deficiency; , ~ teartilir,red, therefore, that the revenue was in a mere tep tk ? s tate in cheap years. It had been asked would a tr y; h of the Cern-laws stimulate the trade of the coun tkle.,:keelievetrit would. The Right Hon. Baronet had there-3,4141s - surprise that in such a state of distress tili tt i v g nciild be new mills in the course of erection; why Iteii a irki be the case under any circumstances, as there e ilibi es W aYs" improvements going on in machinery, which to ruler those who possessed the latest improvements Niihee,r • into further competition with those already esta- NI, At the p resen t ti me h e b e li eve d t h at such kese:Yera9uts were going on. There might also be an tr t h e -s o in the amount o es f exports, but it was sent out A s coUntry at less profit. He found, by reference to eothrPulation of five of the principal agricultural tis 7!, eqUal to that of Lancashire, that the amount , t hitt 1 ,,•7 4 by the former in the savings' banks was double `tekiit - i,s til population of Lancashire. That was stif heiltit:"". show that the constitution of the agricultural i tehlri ton was superior to the condition of the manu tellh, ton Population ; and such a result could only have 1 4 e 4 from th e i n j ustice of class legislation. He gave tlic,',overnment some credit for the commercial changes h lief 44,1 introduced ; b u t h e was persua d e d t h at if t h e i r f e 3' e tbo . ad been still more liberal, they would have con•• %pc, ?lir greater benefit on the country at large. He ~,,liet ! 'i i ,suPported the motion then before the House. ,` l ttl.i,: ,• 4 -MES was not an advocate for the total repeal 'qv ,-- "Pit-laws, although he thought that an Bs. fixed 1/4,'twould be preferable to the present system. He did Ite, ra . •". h e lieve that the inquiry moved for by the Hon. I li e r ,for Greenock could be attended with the 4 44 1 .4 beneficial effect, and he should, therefore, vote te . t , the motion of the Hon. Gentleman. laaitiPl ;110W,ICK was not prepared to vote for the tieZithen b e f ore the House, although he felt much in beett7 to , the Hon. Member f o r G reenoc k f or h av i ng th a ,,Qt -it forward. He thought it an advantage that the' k l c or the* country should have been submitted to ,_ t hi iC ! Sligeration of Parliament ; but he did not ,17 ‘,94At the proposed inquiry could lead N , w i't . 1 4, iilioneficial result.—(Hear.) He was aware ~,- dP hal ii. l 4lk ent had the power of introducing measures s„, -4 iiess - ,,ut relieve thUprevag distress ; but it was 1 4 ;Itta a tu i at the house . had made up its mind as to the la Otto, 14 ehrinn•es which they were disposed to adopt gai,k , '. A f u lsent session. He had no wish, therefore, that -111 t ' ` "/I g 3 should be longed . but lie did hope that, „., a 4 4; Ctitert idle continued after Parliament had been pro eirea'',,L4 Government would call them together again, t-,Ma of the present year. He trusted that, if >, 'l lf tii','„ n anges in our commercial policy proved ineffec „,7 ki overnment would be ready to adopt, as a last 441 ti lo ,_ , that policy recommended by their predecessors, t ' 3 ,, ""u all - that they would be ready to introduce a eti l ihn' Y ea, le change in their new Corn-faw. The - pre- I , It t n iu .distress could not be effectually met by the t tl lliii• i ons of charity ; an increase of employment :1- tbelii,tluStrions classes, manifestly. the only remedy ti t i.l) , " I .!S under which the country at present , so The argument of the Bight Hon. Gen ttl;ll,i.a.'":l7:ll;Viee-President of the Board of Trade, in 4 e v.er z i 4 ` 4 * alterations introduced in their tariff by the „N.C .- lent, Was, that any increase in the impo:tations r Ninu...'`-'l't!igli countries must be accompanied by a corms aet -Kite. Ar ad i n crease in the exportation of the goods mane• this Comer • But the same principle applied l i p el l' oth • 3. es i l;'ti • or article as well as to the iinporta.tion of fo ssd eattle, In one way or the other, by legitimate or 1ki ( % .. 1:4T . 11 , e , trade, it . wasabsolutely' certain that whatever A m t h c, " o: place in importationsfrom foreign countries. h ti 4 !net by increased exportation from the country. l ' e 4; L ; ( l : e i llsed exportation of our manufactures would t tilh o - toe amount of employment for our labourers. ~ey ,elrvi.he would a-k, under these circumstances, could f q f o , ; ia to 'allow of the importation of foreign cattle of sugar, and abOve all, the great staple article a, I Ist % , ~,lib believed that the period the new Corn-lam I:,..sfl a * 'A Operation had been sufficient to show that it 104 . a e ''., snited to meet the purposes for which it had ;lii)7' z gacli• Tice present law had not, any more than t t-! . .rilli(h it superseded, caused large importations .'st e n corn at the. ime when such importations were tile- esi e i t -to ti „,tavle, namely,- when the price was rising in , h ibi. b ..,,ry . . Corn was still kept back in the. hopes that 4 0 4 Il a Z„,, , , t I lter a time be introduced at the minimum duty. A t itn ow 'ilyv had, besides this . disadvantage, that it did b, l/l ari e any considerable importation of corn from -1 440' • That was a most ruinous evil. The best 4 ,?4 , , , tit i 5 f this country' was America ; and under the pre- IMII)te of our commercial legislation, every monetary 41 to in the United States was severely felt in iti litl / e , ikA,,, --' 0 doubt, the late monetary derangements ~,9a . men could not be attributed solely to our Corn ),"!sii '•i; 1 1 , 14 . he was persuaded that the English Corn-laws 0 1 ' lEo. 4e ie - measure the source of the evil. In the impulse k s l, B , ti ve v ri ° , and for some years .. fallo e wing, l agreatefthe United tt ia , ( as t e .._to i the entFrprise.ot th „'ert,, tk gtia s and railways, and eth p e e r o g i c e cat works, were nd hilli h el l in that country ; and English capital a Ztitif x 'L ;SnOds 'were rmitted to America for the corn ' r "'''"tiloie ln return for these remittances, Ivi t • ia si , , works. s, L ltli . -- unotbing but paper money, the payment of ta 'uitt,, i , lv e never could count upon. The last return .111104 e-could receive from America in return for our -4 tu res 14 , , thi t would be their agricultural produce, a N ut . . return could not be made under our ttht fel:Cern-laws. He believed that a fixed duty I ,ati h e e t i l gli cern, even though it „ere greater in amount h a. 414. p r u enght it would be prudent it should be made, tij,,l_en r 7 l lee a benefiCial effect by placing on a sound kwait i i„,,' 'trade with our best customers, the people of 4 11 t h a d States. Every argument which the Govern 013ted use d in justification of the proposal they had °I N tel ativo to the importation of foreign meat, 4 sK iluitif s tb „ t t n .„3 the adoption of a similar course with " 3 4 -"" Importation of foreign corn. He was per cAkit. That 'is I - the • allowed the importation of corn from k ttet th eirs us li ')' 4 ~,, ''s, such a measure would not. materially a,,:• 'he interests of the British agriculturists. of Iti , l ed that this country did not . now w e / I l s li'inh - ab l lloount of corn sufficient for the wants 1%,.," to ) cants ; and it was his conviction that if they o) ,'"ki i . ri,,7Peal the Corn-laws, that step would be fol t'astifrot •:4` .. ° much by a decree ' se in price, as by an in le,,,,ffid on sumption. He was persuaded that the kt " r ih, l l it tin4 foreign corn now would be, not to on givepris e b . th e - • but to increase consumption. It would ha t ',ner,i„, er °l 4o yment to those engaged in producing th,,,tne nres which that corn would be paid for in ; se -95. : aC nt ages of this would be far from stopping i ti :y diteetip)resvnt they reduced their expenditure in to !Lse their s' but as they got employment they would ken o ta and oPenditure, which would give an impetus ki . i ti dee intnerce of every description. Under the ti.„ s "tka ac re.ssion the shopkeepers had been econo hetteal 09 th they and the master-manufacturers, by Nt•to lef 1 ? ° ! 4 lion and re-action, would partake the be '. I llgrit letlirt drig prosperity. He was sure that W4 r i '114)11 tu ti . lies, , • liarimet was aware that he lit;"• c ile„ se st3 tin•`' any clap -trap or exaggeration t kt 'ed thi i i . • tit'itl,r these circumstances he still be 4,,i,(tvaa4,foticirt;tlaxation in the laws regulating the impor atiPtiai4 • 7 its the one practical remedy for the pre e.l4l,-i7tetlalto,sn.iljt,ftltlleet_ -4 13 e rasion • people. He could not look without people. In the political cir te tut r ead t, the country the maintenance of these.laws 1 1 0 r * ti s'ithe.niost frightful results. A very different n,, to ~,, ..,,,sition was spreading than a-hat had eheuns At e : v ., rli led• The opinions of the most violent IhZthan what sPreading among a higher grade of so rtl fri u • "at had f'errned vile bulk of Chartist meet ' - TZ::IYas- a, feeling abroad in favour of g rea t '';'• . I.' i*- ,',..t..:4 - .1141.' i zo:-.- ... -.1. •-- . . . constitutional changes. Ardently ttS he desired to see the Government apply itself w1:11 boldness to the remedy, lie sear,ely expecti d it ; !ill: this at least they inieit .x -peci, that if the distres, continuecb the Government woUld not allow the year to cloe Without advising her Majesty to summon Parliallient, that some remedy might be ap pliud Ity kithers, if the Government was not prepared to w i l'iny one itself. Mr. MORRISON said he recollected many periods of distress, but none so aggravated as the present, He believed that, as soon as the tariff question was settled, this would do some good ; and deplorable as was their situation, he did not dcsptilr. Had their veins of coal been exhausted of their capital wasted, he should have feared their condition was without a remedy. There were few parts of the world which would not take more of our manufactures than they did at present ; the only, difficulty was to find the equivalent which we could take in exchange for them. He went through a variety of details of the woollen and silk trade, to prove that the present distress was not caused by competition with other countries, but from the fact that they were not able to purchase more from us, while our system ex chided their produce.—(Hear, hear.) In speaking of the present distress it was necessary to bear in mind that the manufacturing population were the best ens- tomers for articles of manufacturing skill, so that when they were distressed the effect was inure perceptible than if' the suffering prevailed among the same number of the agricultural population. The distress of America had not arisen from her being deluded by philo sophers of the new school, but of the opposite one. There was no means of extending our commerce with America, but by taking their corn and provisions in exchange for our manufactures. Besides the condition of our trade with America there were other causes of our commercial distress. There was our position in India, and the withdrawal of capital from trade and its application to the purposes of war in that country. Then, too, there was the war with China. Whe ther the manner in which our relations with that people would be ultimately settled would improve our commerce with them remained to he seen. With respect to the measures of the Government—the Income-tax and the tariff—the former coal but injure trade, and the latter would benefit it but very slightly. The only advantage, indeed, derivable from the latter measure was it showing the tendency of the Right Hon. Baronet towards liheral measures. With respect to the Corn-laws, he thought it matter of regret that the fixed duty proposed by his Noble Friend had not been adopted. It was far preferable to the sliding scale, and would ultimate.y, he had no doubt, be made the law of the land. As for the pro • position of a free trade in corn, he did not think there was any ground for the fears entertained of its proving ruinous to the farmers. The price of corn under a free trade would never be in wer than 50s. per quarter. There was then no reason to .appre hand such ruinous results from free trade. Similar apprehensions had been entertained formerly with respect to lowering the duty on wool, and yet experience had shown that the diminished duty had worked beneficially to the agriculturist. If they would return to the old principles on which the code was for merly founded, they would lop off two or three millions of the population of the country. The population had within a short period increased by a million, and if employment were not. ob tained for those people, they would be compelled to abandon, tot only their sliding scale, but all agricultural protection whatever. Even at the present time the farmers were convinced that the present change in the Corn-laws was but temporary. Mr. G. PALMER was of opinion that it was nut the price of corn which caused the present distress, but our vicious system of trade, which excluded our manufactures from almost every market in the world. The lion. Gentleman went on to show that the exports of cotton goods and other manufactures had increased, and therefore it was not from wanting a market that the distress arose. He believed it proceeded rather from a vicious system of accepting the bills of the manufacturers, whether in Liverpool or elsewhere. The home market was the most important to them. It constituted six sevenths of the whole trade of the country, and they ought not to sacrifice it for the other one-seventh. The Hon. Gentleman who spoke last alluded to population, and expressed his fears that it would increase more rapidly than the food which was to supply it. In the year 1796, when the p Isolation was not near so much as it was at present, the peo ple were in the utmost distress and destitutim. It ought to be recollected that God never sent more mouths into the world than it would be able to feed.—( Opposition cheers.) But that food must be produced at home, and they were not to look to other nations for it. Her Majesty's Ministers knew the state of the country, and would legislate for It accordingly. He did not therefore see the object of the present discussion. Mr. E. ELLICE said that the House would not regret the motion of the Hon. Member for Greenock, if it only occasioned the excellent speech of the Hon. Member for Inverness.—. He agreed with the Hon. Member who last spoke, that God never sent mouths into the world without sending food to supply them ; but if that was the case, why were they now suffering so much distress when the rest of the world was teem ing with what would supply them 7—(Cheers. ) What was it but an unwise interference with the bountiful providence of God ?—( Hear.) He agreed with his Hon. Friend that one great cause of distress was the decrease of the American trade. Hut what was the cause of it ? He thought it was to be found at home. He considered it was partly occasioned by the measure passed with regard to the currency. He would not allude to this if he did not see symptoms of the same kind at present. After the year 1819 the distress became very great. In 1825 a collapse came—they had exported all their gold. From 1822 to 1825 they gave a stimulus to increased credit, and consequently to increased production, and then came the crisis of 1825. Subsequently to 1825—he believed in 104—they did the same thing. They made an offer of a million of money to South America, the consequence of which was that they had a large trade with America, which being founded on a vicious and insecure basis, could not be permanent. The same thing had taken place in every part of the world. This was one of the main causes of the present distress. While they attacked North America as the main cause of the present distress, they should not forget that the original cause had been in this country. In the depth of the present distress, he saw preparations making for a similar revulsion. In one month the Ban of England had added two millions to the circulation. Had there been no tampering with the currency? There had been no increase in the circulation of the country banks during the same period. If there were to be another issue of paper, the country would be hardly able to recover from the collapse which would be the consequence. He thought the Right Hon. Gentleman did well to keep the subject of the circula tion in his own keeping until the time of the renewal of the Bank Charter. He looked with jealousy to the administration of the currency by the Bank of England. He would rather have it administered by Government ; but most of all he should like to see a currency regulating itself. At all events, nothing could be worse than a currency adminis tered by a Government and a Bank together. He thought the measures with regard to the currency had occasioned a great deal of the present distress. He believed the Right Hon Gen tleman had been driven to a Property-tax by necessity; much as he disapproved of a tax upon property. As far as the tariff took off the duty from articles of consumption and raw material, he thought it was an excellent measure. The Right Hon. Gentleman had, in fact, carried out the measures of his (Mr. Ellice's) friends. With regard to reducing the duties on manufactured articles, he doubted if it was right to attack the glover, the shoemaker, and his (Mr. Ellice's) constituents the silk weavers—( Cheers)—while they were not permitted to have food at the same moderate rate as those with whom they were called on to compete. He thought it most safe to begin with raw materials and with provisions, and then go on to mann. factored articles. He was not so zealous a free-trader as to dis regard what other nations did towards us, more particularly as related to manufactured articles. Feeling the pressure unsler which the industrious classes were suffering, and believing they had a right to have the cause inquired into, he should vote for the motion. Sir CHAS. NAPIER said the distress had extended itself to the capital itself, as had been shown by his Honour. able Colleague. The shipping interest of the country was in as great distress as the manufacturing interest. He knew how much the House disliked to hear an y details regarding the shipping interest, but he could assure them that the shipping interest was suffering the deepest distress. The number of seamen employed, both in the foreign and coasting trade, had greatly diminished. The shipping interest attributed the distress under which they laboured entirely to the reciprocity laws, and he (Sir C. Napier) entertained the same opinion. He had always been of opinion that such must be the inevitable operation of the reciprocity treaties. Ile did not blame either the late or the present Government for the existing distress—it had been gradually growing upon us for years. The war in China was one cause, and the sooner the Right Hon. Baronet put an end to that war the better. The Chinese were not destitute of courage—all they wanted was experience.—(Cheers.) He was opposed to going into the interior of tho country, but lie thought we ouo , ht to retain possession of those places we held, and tell the Chinese that we should continue to hold them until they chose to behave them selves.—(Loud cheers.) He thought the last rarliament was wrong in rejecting the measures proposed by the Noble Lord. The country had rejected them, and he thought the country was wrong in so doing. At all events, no blame attached to the Noble Lord—he had proposed his remedy, which had not been accepted. The Right Hon. Baronet e t hen came into office, and ho had proposed three remedies. The Right Hon. Baronet had reduced, as he had stated, the duty upon corn by one half. But the Right Hon. Baronet had produced very_ little good by the alteration in the Corn-laws which he had effected ; and the new measure was as effectual as the old one in keeping out foreign corn. He believed that would ever be the inevitable result of a sliding scale, which left the corn trade in the hands of a few speculators. He felt assured, for his own part, that the present monopoly could not be maintained, and that the growing wants of the people would compel any Government to repeal it. With respect to the tariff of the present Ministry, he should observe that the measure could do very little goad to the poor ; a high duty had still been kept up upon - corn, sugar, butter, cheese, and other important articles. The new tariff would be utterly inadequate to meet the present. national distress. The Government had lately passed an Income-tax which would press severly on all classes of the community. Captain LAYARD said, that however great might be the sufferings of the people of England, the inhabitants of Ireland were exposed to at least equal distress. In the borough of Carlow, which he represented, the number of the destitute poor was greater than it had ever been known to be, and their sufferings were unprecedented in intensity. The higher classes in this country possessed immense wealth, and it was their duty to afford some relief for the suffering people. He should feel it his duty to vote for the motion of the Hon Mem ber for Greenock. Mr. SCHOLEFIELD said that the distress in the town of Birmingham, which he had the honour to represent, was unprecedented ; and he should further say, that he saw no present prospect of improvement.—(Hear.) As a proof of the distress prevailing in Birmingham, he might mention that a number of the pawnbrokers there had informed him that they could not take any mere pledges, as their shops were already crowded and their money exhausted.—( The Hon. Gentleman then proceeded to read several communications on the subject of the deep and general distress of the traders and operatives of Birmingham.) He believed that the condition of the other manufacturing towns was equally calamitous ; and it did appear to him that Parliament should not separate without endeavouring to devise a remedy to meet the evil. They must either reduce the price of corn to the means of the labourer, or they must raise the wages of the artisan so as to enable bins to procure a proper quantity of corn. Mr. S. CRAWFORD was anxious to address a few obser vations to the House on this important subject, as he thought it right, as a representative of a manufacturing district, to lay before the House a statement of the condition of the borough with which he was connected. Rochdale was not quite in such a distressed condition as some other neighbour ing towns, but still much distress prevailed, some details of which he should read to the House. These would prove what was the general depressed state of the country. As the bo rough of Belfast was at present without representatives in the House, he thought it important that the state of this borough also should be laid before the House. He maintained there was no surplus population ; and if the people were allowed to occupy the land, and support themselves, there would be no rea son to entertain any apprehensions from an increa , e of population. There must be at all times a struggle between the capitalist and "the poor man, in which the latter must be the sufferer, unless furnished with something like independence from occupying some land. To furtash the poor Min with Such means of independence measures ought to be adopted by the Legislature. While ho maintained the excellence of the system of small holdings of land, he was ready to admit that great abuses existed in the management of those small holdings, a particularly in Ireland, But that formed no reason for an hniversal condemnation of the system. Haying stated his tiens on the subject, it only remained for him to declare his intentkin df voting for the motion of the Hon. Member for Ulteeneeks Lord PALMERS7'ON said that he tegretted he could not vote for the resolutions of his Hon. Friend. tic voted not vete for those resolutions, for the reasons stated by his Noble Friend the Member for Lendon (Lord John Russell), because he thought the motion co broad, as worded, that it was open to considerable objection. But he would assure the Hon. Gen tleman and the House that if he could not vote for the motion it Was not that he was insensible to the distress to which it re. lated, nor incredulous as to the extent to which that distr.; ss prevailed. It was impossible for any Member who had listened to the statements made in the course of the present debate, or who had attended to the facts brought before his eyes and to his ears, to deny that there did exist in the manufactui log districts of the country greater and more severe and extensive pressure from distress at the present time than, perhaps, at any former period. There was no person more anxious to alleviate that distress than he. But he • expected the Government would have stated some views of applying a remedy to the distress, and not have confined themselves to praises of the people for their patient endurance.--( Hear.) Were they to go arid enjoy their luxu ries in a few weeks, and prepare for the partridge shooting, without affording any relief to the people?—(Cheers.) But it might be said that the Government were trusting to the coming harvest. If so, he could tell them they were trusting to a broken reed:—( Hear, hear.) The summer sun would not compensate for the rains of autumn, by which the produce of many a seed was lost.--( Hear, hear.) It might he said that the tariff would produce relief—that charitable contributions would relieve the distress; but these would not and could not always continue. —( Hear, hear.) A grant fenn the public funds would not give permanent relief. What then would give it ? They proposed remedies last year which would mitigate the present destitution of the country. The channels of commerce were choked up. Clear those chan nels, and prosperity would flow in their eourse.—(Cheers. ) The trade with North America had been alluded to, and great distress was produced in consequence of the people of America not being able to meet their engagements with this country. But America had plenty of corn to pay them if they would only allow it. to enter the country.—(Hear, hear.) The late Go. vernment had proposed to deal with the duties on sugar, and on this subject he heard of some mysterious negotiations carrying on with the Brazils respecting the slave trade. There were treaties already in existence between the Brazils and this coun try, which, if faithfully executed, would put an end to the slave trade; and if the Government found that the Brazils would not listen to their remonstrances and violate the faith of treaties, they could point to the case of Portugal, and show that Parliament was ready to give power for the purpose of enforcing them. He had always admitted that a duty might be levied upon corn and sugar, which would afford a revenue, while, at the same time, it would leave trade free and unfettered. Those were the remedies which they proposed to the Government, and the Government ought to explain before Parliament sepa rated what their intentions were, whether they intended to propose some measures to relieve the distress, or to leave things to take their course until the distress should have reached to a still deeper extent. The distress originated in causes within our control, and the removal of those causes would restore us to our former state of prosperity. At the same time he did not think our commerce with the Continent of Europe would unuctgo any great alterations. Political jealousies would prevent nations so situated from acting on sound commercial principles. Gentlemen who complained of the non-ratification of the French commercial treaty were little aware of die power of commercial jealousy in France. Those feelings had produced a great effect during the Administration of Count Mole, and recent events had shown that those feelings had not diminished. Our Corn-laws had raised up manufactures in Germany ; and it was to distant nations—the nations of America—that we must look for a revival of our commerce ; but in North America they were met by the Corn-laws, and in South America by the Sugar-laws. 'They should look to Arica, to India, and China. Notwithstanding what had fallen from an Hon. Gentleman opposite he ( Lord P.) contended that the measures of the late Government had produced beneficial effects on the commerce of the country. The measures adopted with regard to Affghanistan had opened a vast field of commerce into countries watered by the Indus—.(Cheers)—and in Central Asia, and if the present Government did not, by their weak ness—(Much cheering)—abandon that position which the late Government had obtained for them—(Great cheering anti counter cheering)—those countries would be found to be of the greatest commercial importance to this country. ( Cheering and counter cheering.) But he did not think the present Government Would abandon that position, or that policy—(Ckieering, and counter cheerirg)—and he thought so, because surely the present Government would not have requested Lord Auckland to continue as Governor- General of India, if they had not approved of his conduct, and had not determined to continue his policy.—(Expression of dissent from Sir R. Peel.) Did the Right Hon. Baronet dispute that? He (Lord Palmerston) again asserted, that in the month of September last, the then President of the Board of Control had written to Lord Auckland, requesting him to continue in office.—(Loud Opposition cheers.) Now, that offer could not have been made if the Government had not approved of his policy. He (Lord Palmerston) could not sup pose that they would ask Lord Auckland to continue in office in September merely to dismiss him in December.—( Cheers ) Those who spoke of India in the spirit in which those taunting cheers had been given, could know but very little of the sub ject ; and he contended that the late Government had, by their policy in Central Asia, opened a great field for the commercial exertions of this country,—( Great cheering.) Our operations in China were also calculated to lead to ex tended commercial relations with that country. The Right Hon. Baronet, the Secretary of State for the Home Depart ment, had told them of the dangers of declaring war against an empire containing 300,000,000 men ; from all that had been seen of those 300,000,000 he thought they were more likely to attract our attention as probable consumers of our manufac tures than to be dreaded as enemies in iwar. The only dif ficulty we had hitherto encountered in China was in finding troops sufficient to garrison our conquests.—(Cheers and counter cheers.) Last year a merchant had showed him (Lord P.) a piece of printed cotton, which had been purchased in ( Chusan, and he assured him that cotton of superior quality could be manufactured in this country, sent out to Chusan, and sold at half the price.—(Cheeis ) What a field was thus opened for the development of our commerce ?—(Cheers.) Those who derided those advantages were little qualified to judge on the subject (Cheers)—aud could have little feeling for the distress of the country, which could only be alleviated by opening fresh markets for the product of its industry. The distress was ur gent, and some remedy must be applied; he conjured the Go vernment, therefore, not to adhere to the laws so recently passed, if better remedies could be devised. Something must be done before the approaching winter, and if measures of remedy were proposed by any party whatever, he would not withhold his support from them.—( Cheers.) Lord STANLEY assured the House that he did not, at that hour of the night, intend to detain the House with any lengthened observations. But if the Noble Lord believed that her Majesty's Government were going to fold their arms and look on the coming harVest with indifference, he took a very different view of the state of things which had been left to them by the Noble Lord and his colleagues than the Government did.—( Hear, hear.) There was much in the present distress beyond the reach of human legislathm.—(" No, no.") What ! would any man tell him that their distress was not greatly aggra vated by the deficient harvests of the last two years?—(" No, no, the Corn-laws.") He would not be tempted to enter upon a question that had been discussed over and over again. The most perfect freedom of trade would not ;have made up for the effects of these deficient harvests. But the Govern ment did look forward with hope to an earlier and more abundant harvest in the present year. The Government did look forward with more of hope and less of despondency than the Noble Lord appeared anxious to infuse into the people, to the relief to be expected from an early and abundant harvest. As to the policy of the Noble Lord, he every where found British commerce paralyzed by it.— (Cheers.) The Noble Lord had told them with truth, that we must not look to any great extension of our commerce with the continent of Europe, but that we must look to foreign coun tries. Why, in America our efforts to extend our com merce were met by jealousies andquarrels, engendered under the administration of the Noble Lord. In South America—in the States bordering on the snores of the Atlantic and the Pacific, difficulties and embarrassments were experienced from the Noble Lord's interference. In China, too, so far from having commercial prosperity we were engaged in a war, the end of which it was difficult to foresee. In India, the only result of the Noble Lord's policy was, to leave to the present Government the task of remedying the evils which that meddling policy had entailed upon this country. He joined with him in deprecating the motion of the Hon. Me.nber for Greenock as one which, in the present state of the country, could lead to definite result. Various causes had been assigned for the distress of the country, and as fit subjects for inquiry by different Hon. Gentlemen. The Corn-laws, the Poor-lows, the currency, the increase of machinery, the mone tary distress of the United States, the war in China, the war in India, the increase of population, the tarif; commercial treaties, large farms, reciprocity treaties, free trade, want of education, want of emigration, the timber duties, were assigned by different speakers during the debate as the causes of the present distress of the country. Now it was required to ascertain whether each or all of them contributed to this distress. The Hon. Members for Inverness and Coventry attributed a great portion of the distress to the monetary derangements between this country and America. It would be imrossible for the Government to go over the whole of those causes, but after what had fallen from the Noble Lord as to what had been done by him and those with whom he was connected, to give increased energy to the commerce of the country, to endanger which would exhibit the greatest imbeei lily on the part of the Government, he could not help rising, when, on every side, he saw the danger that ensued from the individual policy of the Noble Lord.—(Cheers.) Mr. ELLICE said the Noble Lord had misunderstood him n nut thinking that he attributed much of the distress of the country to the Corn-laws. L, amidst loud cries of "Divide, divide," moved the adjournment of the debate. Sir R. PEEL hoped the discussion would be brought to a close this evening. Mr. O'CONNELL said the people were starving; under such circumstances, no point of courtesy ought to be permitted to prevent them doing theirduty. The people were starving with out hope of relief. The question having been put, Mr. HUME hoped the Right Hon. Baronet would give way. There were 20 gentlemen ready to speak on that side, and there was no chance of the debate being concluded to night, notwithstanding the attempts which had been made to prevent gentlemen from speaking. He had seen the Hon. Member for Knaresborough about to rise —( A laugh)—and had hoped to have heard his opinions, but he had seen that after some conversation with an Hon. Gentleman, the Hon. Member had sat down.—( Cheers and laughter. ) Mr. FERRAND was about to rise to tell the Hon. Gen tlemen opposite that. this debate had been raised merely to throw impedinterts in the way of the Government, and that the working classes looked upon them as the veriest humbugs in the world.—( Cheers.) It was true that he had been re quested not to speak, as it might tend to create delay. Mr. HAWES begged to tell the Hon. Gentleman who had made use of terms so unparliamentary that they were undaunted by his menaces, and determined that the debate should be adjourned. If the, Government was so anxious for supply, why did they not make a House on Monday night?—( Cheers. ) On what ground did the Hon. Mentber make the attack he had done, and in language so very unparliamentary ? ( Hear, hear.) He (Mr. Hawes) had intended to address the House to-night; but he had not had an opportunity, and until the Noble Lord rose and elicited the indiscreet speech of the Noble Lord, the Secretary for the Colonies, not a single Member of the Government had risen to state the opinions of the Government on the subject. Could he forget the conduct Pursued by the Government when in opposition, to prevent their opponents getting a Committee of Supply? Mr. FERRAND wished to knew whether the Speaker or the Hon. Member for Lambeth was the proper judge of what was , or what was not, unparliamentary language ? Mr. C. BULLER said, as the authority of the Speaker had been appealed to, he should wish him to decide whether this was the only assembly of gentlemen where one Member could get up an d call all opposed to him a « set of humbug's ?" Mr. CRIPPS regretted that the Member for Lambeth had taunted the Government with not making a House on Monday. nor should he be s us p ec t e d o f a f act i ous op - Mr. MUNTZ had no f e ar of being moldered a humbug by th e' ' sv' e Right Hon. Baronet wou ld consen t t o th e Government or the nom service. He there afptoreho j e soi w turwi 0 0 .1n r s k l i tid n eao g .t g G s . S i r ROBERT PEEL sa d that the inpression ti et the prtvent 'a House been made on Government had intolferecl Monday was quite erroneous; all the Members of the Govern ment were engaged in investigati ng the charge of the last scan dalous and cow Ardly attack on h er - Majesty. They heard that there was no House with great regret, as it was a serious injury to the public service,_( Hear.) They had thought from the number of Committees sitting, that they could trust to them to make a Houso. He should certainly take the sense of the House on the question, and if the adjournment should be necessary, he trus'ed the House would consent to its being fixed for to-morrow, and that it should have precedence of all other business. After a few words from Mr. BARING, General JOHNSON said, he believed that the estimate the Ministers were so anxious to bring on in the Committee of Su , ply, was only that for their own pay.—( Hear, hear.) The House then divided. The numbers were— For the adjournment ................. 84 Against it Majority against the adjournment —B9 On our entrairze tato the gallery, Mr. HUME was addressing the House, and moved its ad journment. The question having been put, Sir R. PEEL said that the sense of the House was sufficiently indicated by the decision to which it had come ; but he would not persevere in continuing a profitless discussion. He hoped, however, that those who had motions for to-morrow would give way. He aho hoped that the Hon. Gentleman would not press his motion for the adjournment of the House. Mr. H E consented. The motion for the adjournment of the House was then put and negatived, and, On the motion of Mr. O'CONNELL, the debate was ad journed to this day. LONDON-BRIDGE APPROACHES FUND BILL. The London-bridge Approaches Fund Bill passed through Committee. DEAN FOREST ECCLESIASTICAL DISTRICTS VATIONAL DISTRESS.—On Friday Eiening -k- (TO-MORROW) the Bth instant, a PUBLICMEET ING of Ministers, and Members of their Congregations, in London and its vicinity, will be held in Finsbury Chapel (the Rev. Alexander Fletcher's), when a statement will be made respecting the present deeply alarming condi'ion of the labour ing classes throughout the country, and resolutions submitted for consideration and adoption. The Chair will be taken at Six o'Clock. A number of Deputies n,w in town will attend. LATE EDITIONS of " THE SUN" in the CHI'. MR. JOSEPH' THOMAS, of No. 1 FINCH LANE, CORNHILL, has made arrangements by which the Public and the Trade may be supplied with a THIRD EDITION of " THE SUN" EVERY EVENING at HALF-PAST SEVEN O'CLOCK And Stibsequent Editions when Published. The THIRD EDITION of " THE SUN" contains the PROCEEDINGS of both HOUSES of PARLIAMENT up to SEVEN O'CLOCK, and all other important in formation accessible to that hour. On TUESDAYS and FRIDA;; a full Abstract of the " Lon don Gazette"—Bankrupteies, Promotions in the Army and Navy, &e. &c., will be found in this Edition, the importance 3f which will be appreciated by AIERCHAN I'S and BANKERS for their FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE. - - - --- Advertisements and Orders for " The Sun" received by Mr. Thomas, No. I, Finch-lane, Cornhill ; where also may be )htained Every Morning, before Eight o'Clock, " THE MORNING SUN." TO NEWSPAPER PROPRIETORS, PRINTSELLERS &c., &c. rpo BE SOLD, a great bargain, TWENTY- J TWO FIRST-RATE STEEL ENGRAVINGS, of CELEBRATED REFORMERS, the original cost of each of which ranged from Twenty to Thirty Guineas. Impressions of the Plates (from some of which very few impressions have been taken) may be seen at No. 14, Alders gate-street, London, where further particulars may be obtained; cr by letter, prepaid, addressed to Mr. J. Darkin, as above. They are well adapted for presentation with a Liberal News paper, or other Periodical. THEODORE HOOK'S NEW NOVEL. p EREGRINE BUNCE. Or, SETTLED AT LAST. By the Author of " Sayings and Doings," " Jack Brag," &c. In 3 vols. post Bvo., IS NOW READY. Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street. *** To be had at all the Libraries. 13, Great Marlborough-street. THE MARQUESS OF LONDONDERRY'S TRAVELS TO CONSTANTINOPLE; &c. • Will be ready for delivery early Next Week. Orders received by all Booksellers. Henry Colburn ' Publisher, 13, Great M ar lb oroug h- s t ree t. Agents : for S cotland, Bell and Bradfute, Edinburgh ; for Ireland, John Cumming, Dublin. OAN of the GRAND DUKE of BADEN, in _A the Year 1841 Capital Five Millions of Florins, to be redeemed with Nine Millions, Thirty-four Thousand, and Fifty- , five Florins. The Third Distribution will take place on the Ist of August, 1842, when the following considerable sums may be obtained :-1 of 40,000 11. ; 1 of 10,000 8. ; 1 of 5,00011. ; 1 of 3,000 fl. ; 2 of 1,500 fl. ; 4 of 1,000 8. ; 10 of 250 8. ; 20 of 125 fl; 30 of 100 11. ; 330 of 65 fl.—One bond, 10s. Twelve bonds,sl. Twenty-six bonds, 101. An Official Bulletin of the result will be forwarded to the Sharehalders. For further particulars, and to obtain Bonds, apply to J. A. STRAUS, Banker, Frankfort-on-the-Maine; or to JOHN SCHULZE, Foreign Agent, 32, Villiers-street, Strand, London. HAMBURGH, JULY, 1842. H IS MAJESTY the EMPEROR of AUSTRIA, AND HIS MAJESTY THE EMPEROR OF RUSSIA, having AUTHORISED and GUARANTEED several DIS TRIBUTIONS of MONEY DIVIDENDS, by which LARGE FORTUNES may be obtained. HEINE BRO THERS, at HAMBURGH, are now Selling Genuine and 4.RRANTED SELECTED BONDS for the saidDlSiitiltTFlONS. Persons desirous to purchase may re:eive. PREVIOUS to giving any order, the PROSPECTUS with f u ll PARTI CULARS, uron a ddressing, WITHOUT DELAY, a line to HEINE BROTHERS, at HAMBURGH. As we receive frequently applications for CERTIFICATES, we trust beg to observe, that a CERTIFICATE is QUITE DIFFERENT from a BOND, and that there is a great dif ferenee again between BONDS and SELECTED BONDS —the SELECTED BONDS ONLY TAKING PART IN THE DISTRIBUTION WHICH FOLLOWS THE SE LECTION, and which should never be •verlooked, being of the greatest importance. - THEATRE-ROYAL, ENGLISH OPERA-HOUSE. THIS EVENING, JULY 7. The Performances will commence with the New Drama, called THE LONE HUM Principal Characters by Messss. 0. Smith, Diddear, W. H. Bland, and Harley, Miss Murray, Miss Crisp, and Miss Faucit. To he followed by th, New Burletta, entitled THE WATER WITCHES, in which Mersa .1, Vining , Oxberry, Barker, Misses Murray, Crisp, Pincott, and Hughes, will appear. After which, THE ILLUSTRIOUS SfßANGEß.—Bowbell, Mr. Harley; Azar, Mr. Barter; Niza. M s. Hughes To conclude with the Farce of A DAY WELL SPENT.—BoIt, Mr. J. Vining; Mizzle, Mi. Oxberry. Boxes, 4r. Pit, •2s. Gallery, Is. Doors open at Half-past Six; commence at Seven; Half-price, a Quarter before Nine. Private Boxes to he had of Mr. Grogan, at the Private Box.office ; and of Messrs. Andrews, Mitchell, Sams, and Bally, at their Libraries. ROYAL SURREY THEATRE. THIS EVENING, JULY 7. Will be acted Auber's celebrated o;era of FRA DI AVOLO... Yra Liavolo; Mr. W. Harrison; Lord Allcash, Mr. J. Webster; Lorenzo, Mr. Walton; Beppo, Mr. O. Stansbury; Giacomo, Mr. Leffler ; Zerlina, Miss Rom:II-Lady Allcash, Mrs. Serle. After which, THE ARTFUL DOULlE.—Artful Dodge, Mr. G. Wild. To conclu , e with a Drama callAl THE CROWN PRINCE; er the ItUCKLE OF DIAMONDS, in which Mr. J. Webster will a k s. war. Places and Private 3oxes may be +ad of Mr. J. Kerschner, at the lox Office, from Eleven till Four daily: • All Advertisements of a Disgusting Character, or Immoral Tendency, are excluded from the Columns of "The pun." •,.o\ l c %, , Nt - ' j • _ ,4 . 1 140, , , , v , s 0 • - - BILL. The Dean Forest Ecclesiastical Districts Bill was read a third time, and passed. SOUTH AUSTRALIA (GOVERNMENT AND RE. VENUES) BILL. Lord STANLEY moved that the Report on this Bill be brought up. Mr. HOME opposed the bringing up of the Report without further discussion. He altogether disapproved of the measure in its present shape. Sir ROBERT PEEL suggested that the Hon. Gentleman should take the sense of the House on the subject now, to mark his disapprobation of the Bill, and should take the discussion at some future stage. Mr. HUME had no objection to take a division against the Bill. Strangers were then ordered to withdraw, and the House divided, when there appeared— For bringing up the Report 5O Against it ....................... Majority for bringing up the Report —4l The Report was then brought up. Mr. HUME protested against the resolutions as involving a reckless expenditure of the public money. The usher Orders of the Day were disposed of, and the Howe adjourned at Two o'Clock. SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. NEWMARKET JULY MEETING. Further partivilars of Tuesday's races . • . - HANMICAP.—Hawk's-eye t o ok the lead at a good pace, followed by Abydos and Bridegroom, the others lying up. At the Plantation Corner, Hawk's-eye resigned, and the running was takeii up by Abydos, Bridegroom waiting on him to the last, when he made his rush and finished with a dead heat- Proof Print a respectable third. In the deciding heat, Bride groom made all the running, defeated a desperate challenge within the cords, and won by a nee.c. WEDNESDAY. Sweepstakes for 10 sous. each, for 2 yrs old, colts, 8:t 71b, and fillies Sat 41b. Last half of B. M. The winner to be sold for 200/., &c. (5 Sobs. ) Lord Orford's gr fby Clearwell out of Godolphin.... (Nat) 1 Captain Colquitt's Pickpocket 2 Mr. Rogers's cby Hornsea, out of Antelope's dam 3 Duke of Grafton's ch f by Bolero, dam by Sultan-- Duke of Beaufort's c by Ishmael or Achmet—Taglioni Betting 2to 1 against the winner. The Hornsea colt made the running to the Plantation, where Picpocket and Lord Or iird's filly took it from him and finished the race, the latter winning by a head ; the Hornsea colt came with . a rush at the last, and was a respectable third ; the other two were beaten off. Sweepstakes of 10 sovs.each. for three yrs old, colts, Bst 71b, and fillies Bst 41b. New T.Y. C. The winner to be sold for 1001. &c. (5 Subs.) Mr. Crockford's bc by Bentley Duke of Grafton's b f Lisburn Mr. Goodwin's Drummer Boy The following - also started but were net placed :—Mr. Bere , ford's Indolence, and Lord Orford 's fby Clearwell, out of Chapeau D'Espagne's dam. Betting.-5 to 2 agst Drummer Boy, 7 to 2 agst Lisburn, and 4to 1 agst the Clearwell filly. Lisburn made all the running to the cords, where she was joined by Drummer Boy and the Bentley colt; the race be • tween the three was contested with great spirit, and was so near a thing at the finish, that the Judge proncunced it a dead heat between the Duke of Grafton's and Mr. Crockford's colours, the Drummer Boy losing the chance of a second race by a head only ; many of the by-standers thought he had won. In the deciding heat 11 to 8 was laid on the Bentley colt, which won cleverly by half a length and was claimed. 50/. for 3 yr olds, 7st 21b ; 4 yrs, Bst 71b ; 5 yrs, 9st llb; 6 yrs and aged, 9st 51b. From the starting-post of T. M. M. to the end of R. C. Mr. Pettit's St. Francis, aged walked over Mr. Byng's Dickens received 40 sovs. forfeit from Lord Kelberne s Anti-Dickens, Bst 71b each. New T. Y.C. 100, h ft. Previous to the races, Lord Lynedoch's horses were sold at the following prices : Mandane, 115 guineas—Jeffy, 89 guineas—Syntaxina, 50 guineas—Ghuznee, 71 guineas—Sister to Jeffy, 2 yrs, 65 guineas—a yearling by Liverpool, out 4EI Mandane, 66 guineas ; and a yearling filly by Liverpool, out of Esperance, 72 guiners. Tttt Liveßroot Cur.—Knight of the Whistle was backed this morning at 10 to 1. Mr. Thornhill's filly, winner of the July Stakes, is named " Extempore." The Duke of Richmond's f by Physician, out of Young Sweetrea, has arrived for the Chesterfield Stakes. Lord Stradbralte is the new Steward of the Jockey Club, n the room-of Col. Anson, whose three years have expired. COURT CIRCULAR. The Queen and Prince Albert took an airing yesterday after noon in an open carriage and four ; the Hon. Colonel Grey and Colonel Bouverie, the Equerries in Waiting on the her Majesty and the Prince, attending on horseback, Their Royal Highnesses the Prince of Wales and the Princess Royal were taking an airing yesterday in a carriage and four, accompanied by the Dowager Lady Lyttelton. The Royal dinner party at Buckingham Palace last evening, included hit Excellency Ali Effendi, his Excellency General Sancho, the Duchess of Buccleuch, the Earl of Liverpool, and the Earl of Aberdeen. The band of the Royal Regiment of Horse Guards was in ettendance at the Palace during dinner. Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, attended by Lady Anna Maria Dawson, left town at ten o'clock yesterday morning for Frogmore. Her Royal Highness returned to her residence, Clarence House, soon after six o'clock. Their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Cambridge and the Princess Augusta of Cambridge, attended by Lady Augusta Somerset, went to Kew yesterday, returning to Cambridge House in the evening. His Serene Highness the Duke of Saxe Meiningen, at tended by the Baron d'Erffa , arrived at Marlborough House at twelve o'clock yesterday, from Bushy House, Bushy Park, the residence of her Majesty the Queen Dowager. His Se rene Highness left town at four o'clock for Bushy. The Lord Chancellor, Sir Robert Peel, the Duke of Wel lington, Lord Wharncliffe, Earl of Ripon, Lord Stanley, Sir James Graham, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and other Cabinet Min sters, attended the investigation at the Home office yesterday. After the examination, Sir Robert Peel went so Buckingham Palace. _ _ 3srs. G. Robinson, R. Bryden, C. Hibble, and a Deputation on the Liverpool Improvement Bill, had an interview with the Earl of Ripon yesterday, at the Office of the Board of Trade. A Deputation, including Alesrrs. Thomson, Brooke, and Brice, had an interview on Tuesday with tha. Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone, at the Office of the Board of Trade, on the Copy right of Designs Bill. The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council sat yesterday. The Lords present were the Lord President, Lord Wynford, Lord Brougham, Lord Campbell, Mr. Justice Erskine, the Judge of the Prerogative Court, and the Judge of the Admi ralty Court. .11r. Pemberton, Queen's Counsel, and Mr. Burge, Queen's Counsel, were heard for the respective parties, in an appeal from St. Lucia, " Gahan v. Laffette " (rehearing). Lord Brougham gave judgment on the part of their Lord ships. The Queen's Advocate for the appellant, and Dr. Addams and Mr. Hope for the respondent, were heard on an appeal from the Court of Arches, " Fiske Goodeve Harrison v. Harrison." Mr. Justice Erskine gave judgment on an appeal heard at former sittings, from t3engal, "Maharajah Mitterjut Singh v. to pay his own casts. Heirs of Jesurent Singh." Their Lordships a ffi rmed the decree of the Court below, so far as annulling the sale of the judgment on an appeal , p , r s oie re. r i t k l is ai rnic d de d aEd irei ik t i e inv d e. e: ja c ul h r p un a d r u t e y liKvezdtby Beg. from Bengal. Their Lordships reverted the decree of the Sudder Dewanny Adawlut, and confirmed the decree of the Provincial Court. Sir John and Lady Gerard have left Farrance's Hotel, Bel grave-street, for their seat, New Hall, Warrington. biyess RUMOURED " AFFAIR OF HONOUR."—The on dit of Saturday night last, amongst the lov ers of gossip in our town, was that an "affair of honour " 'had, in th e cou r se ed individual summoned the driver of M r. Morris's car, of the afternoon, come off in som e seclude d spot near the sand-hills beyond Bootle. The sto ry, such as it 169; from i S s a , tu r rc a l n a \ s ' aafstertfloololnowsa:_resipecboutat three o'clock on the stand, end ordered him to drive to the house of Mr. Bites, the Boar's Head, Drury-lane. The car was driven to the place ordered, and the driver was requested to ac company the gentleman to the shop of Messrs. Powoll and Williams, gun and pistol-makers. The gentleman there desired to be furnished with a pair of duelling , pistols, powder, ball, and p e rcussion-caps. He left on these a deposit of three sovereigns, giving his name and address, and saying he would try the pistols, and, if h e did not like them, return thdin on Monday. Ile returned, accompanied by the driver to• the Boar's-head, where, with two other persons; he got into a car, which was, by order of the p ar ties, driven to t he sandhills beyond Bootle. The t h ree then got out and adjourned to some distance, when, presently, the carman heard two pistol-shots. He rail to the spot, where he saw that one of the gentlemen had been wounded in the arm. lie was ordered to return to his car, where, in a few minutes, he was joined by the party, the members of which not in, and ordered him t o drive back to Liverpool. One of the individuals remarked to the other, as they took their seats, "I could have shot you, if I had thought proper." Such are the incidents which we have gathered relative to this p i ece of gossip, and we have no doubt of their truth. Whether the two principals and the one second who went to the ground so l ov i ng l y in the car intended merely to send forth a rumour through the mouth of the carman, or whether they were really silly enough to tight a real duel, w%e cannot say. We leave the matter to future investig ation.—L iverpool.4lbion. THE LIVE:RU.3M. AND GLASGOW STEAM-SDIP AD stian L.—This favourite vessel arrived hers on Friday, after a remarkably short passage from Greenock. It is with pleasure we observe her resume her place between Liverpool and Glas gow, for, without disparagement to others, the Admiral is, to our taste, as fine a first-class steamer as is to be met with in this country. She is of the same class and description as the Achilles, and, from what we can learn, is of greater length of keel than the famed Boston and Halifax steam-ships. Although the speed, elegance, and comfort of the Admiral are so well known to travellers, we recommend every person who can ap preciate a fine steam-ship to go v iew the Admiral.-_e rpoo Albion. - : - ROYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS. The Nobility, Gentry, Subscribers, and the Public, are respectfully Informed that ON MONDAYS, TUESDAYS, AND THURSDAYS, GRAND EVENING FETES will be given, in which will be em bodied all those popular Entertainments that have given to this favou. rite place of recreation its peculiat celebrity, with additions and in. trixhietions, which render them more generally attractive. The MENAGERIE has been enriched by many valuable and im. portant acquisitions in the classes of both Quadrupeds and Birds. Feeding Time Five o'clock. The Colossal VIEW OF ROME has been repainted, and in some instances remodelled, with a Mechanical Tableau d'actioe, repre senting the Proce,sion of the Papal Troops, Guards, and Roman Nobles, to the Castle of St. Angelo. Th BAN D includ?s some of the most eminent Performers, con. lucted by Mr. Godfrey, and the Programme of the PROMENADES hlinilCA LES selected( mom the noblest works of the great Masters. The I LLU MINATIONof ST. PETER'S, the CROSS of FIRE, and the GIRANDOLA of ST. ANGELO, with all the gorgeous Spectacles and magnificent introductions that have called forth ac. clammations of delight and admiration on each evening of their ex. hibition, terminating with the triumph of pyrotechnic splendour, the CASCADE of IaIILLIANT FIRE, SIX TY FEET in height. The Gardens are open Daily from Ten till Dusk. The Evening Fetes, with the Promenades Musicales, Illumination of St. Peter's, Girandola of St. An g elo, &c., will be given on Mondays, Tuesdays, and Thursdays. Admission One Shilling. TO CORRESPONDENTS. We regret tie misfortune of " A Constant Reader," but we possess no information whatever concerning the Directors he alludes to. etg .-S-un. LONDON! THURSDAY MORNING, JULY 7, 1842. The debate in the House of Commons on Mr. WAL- LACE'S motion was continued last night with considerable effect. It called up Lord HOWICK, Mr. MORISON, Mr. ELLICE, Lord PALmuusToN, and others, who delivered very useful speeches. It supplied numerous and striking testimonies to the vastness of the present distress. It traced that distress in general to our own restrictions on our own trade ; and though there seems no hope of now changing the mischievous legislation which the House of Commons has recently completed, the debate will .be beneficial to the public. Perhaps, as Lord flowrctc. suggested, the Parliament may be again assem bled in the autumn. The proceedings yesterday at the Anti-Corn-law Con ference speak for themselves. Gentlemen who declared they will pay no taxes till the Corn-law be repealed, were vociferously cheered. The recital " that workmen have said it was not words would move Parliament, but force, and they would have it if they did not change their system," was heard with no disapprobation. In the manufacturing districts men declare that " no good can be done until they riot," and in the metropolis the information is received with approbation. To-day and to-morrow it will be spread through the whole em pire, and the ideas of rising, of rioting, and of refusing to pay taxes, will be presented at one and the same time to many thousand persons. The sanctity once belonging to the law, which prevented such conceptions, is at an end ; the minds of the people are becoming familiarised with the idea of resistance ; and, if their misery be not relieved, it will not be long before corresponding deeds will spring from the idea. In common with many members of the Conference, and with the memorialists from Hinckley-, we have be come convinced that it is useless to place before the Par liament and the aristocracy evidence of the sufferings of the people. Politicians rejoice that the unruly workmen of the manufacturing towns are tamed into obedience by. hunger; bigots exult that the half pagan, half free-think ing towns-people are for their sins visited by a judgment which threatens annihilation. To bigots and politicians, pictures of distress in the manufacturing districts are not disagreeable, and we will not contribute to their pleasure by repeating them. We turn rather to Mr. rifeNTor.i's speech, who said— It appeared to him that the time was past for talking. The time was come to do something, and he would tell their what to do.—(Cheers.) lie thought they ought to proceed at once to appoint a Committee of Public Safety in the metropolis—(Cheers)—and induce every Delegate frent the country. to pour in such facts as would organize such a body of public opinion as would create the utmost odium against those in power, and compel them to yield." Only a few hundred persons heard and cheered that statement , but thousands will read and sympathise with it. " The time is come to do something," is now a very general phrase. Already the monopolists are very in tensely hated, and the only question is, by what means they can be °impelled to yield. The upper classes assert that they govern, not for their own benefit, but for the benefit of the masses ;, and when the masses assure them that misery, not lutppiness, is the result of their rule, they must, from shame, give up their ill-contrive .l measures. Their Government for the be nefit of the body of the people has not answered. It is a complete failure. The multitude are immersed in griev ous distress, and the State is endangered. They must begin to doubt the efficacy of their system, and, shrinking back alarmed, if they have any shame left, they ought to allow souse other system to be tried. If they are re solved to pursue their ruinous career, at whatever cost to the people, they must not be surprised if TAIINTONS spring up in every'quarter of the land, and preach hatred to the aristocracy. People are evidently tired of appealing to the justice or the compassion of the aristocracy, and now they , talk of appealing to their fears. This . may do some good. The aristocracy commit injustice by means of legislation with' a .view of. obtaining wealth and power ; and when ever they find' that their wrong-doing is endangering theiyr wealth and power—if not before—they will be ready, willing, and even anxious to alter their course. As long as they find a. shield for their rapacity in the respect of the public at large,' as long as their unjust proceedings are dignified by the name of the Consti tution, and under that name held up to public reverence, so long will they have irresistible motives for oppressing those who invite oppression. But the .first step to put an end to their power, which depends on public opinion, is taken when they are publicly described as worthy only of contempt and hatred. Deputations from the Woollen and Linen Yarn Manu facturers have waited on Sir R. PEEL to induce him to remonstrate with the French and Prussian Governments against an increase in the &ties on linen yarn, and on woollens. But over these Governments Sir H. PEEL may have no influence-.whatever. He is not Prime Minister there as well as here. The march of our Government he may control; he can scarcely give an impulse to the Governments of other countries. Him, too, and his colleagues, the deputations may influence; their wailing will rather encourage 'the present policy of France and Prussia than check it. We endeavoured to point out, the day before yesterday, that the duties levied in foreign countries, which are beyond our control, are much less influential than those levied by our own Government, which are within our control. We infer, therefore, that the deputations, and those who send them, would act more rationally, and be more likely to benefit themselves in the end, were they to confine their solicitations to what Sir ROBERT PEEL can do at home. That the total abolition of the Corn and Provision-laws wouldcompensate for the increased duties in France and Germany we will not assert, but it would go some way towards it, and would assist our manufacturers to compete wish those of other nations. We are far from saying that it is not desirable to prevent other nations from levying duties on our commodities, but it is much more desirable not to levy duties ourselves that are more injurioiis"to our trade that' the duties levied by foreigners. By correcting our own vicious system, too, we may ex pect that other nations will follow oar example. It is a Conservative theory, that Government must take man as, he finds him, and make laws in con formity to the existing state of society. In that theory we agree, and we repudiate the notion of some prac tical Radicals, and some philosophical writers, that by the agency of Government, of new constitutions, and well-adapted laws, we can increase the prosperity, promote the morality, and augment the happiness of the human race. The spring cannot rise higher than its source, and Government, however wisely contrived and finely adjusted, cannot improve human nature, from which it takes its rise. At the same time, we are not to allow a Government to inflict poverty, de moralization, and misery, on the community. Because Government cannot improve human nature, it does not follow that none of its acts are injurious to society. We Only dispute the Radical theory, that Government can improve human nature, and we adopt the Con servative theory, that all Governments :oust take man as his CREATOR has made him, and must adapt its regulations to his condition. We expressly and designedly call this a Con servative theory, because we are about to apply it to disprove a Conservative error. At present, and at all times men strive.and plan to procure all the things they need with the least possible labour. To this end the savage sets his traps, the agriculturist manures his land, and the manufacturer employs a self-acting mule. Very often the same end is sought by rapine instead of peaceful industry ; but it is so generally sought that it may be said to be universal, and a law of man's being. It is inherent in almost every individual as 'gravity is inherent in every particle of matter. The exceptions, like the apparent volatility of the atmos phere, only confrima the rule. Labour is the price, and the only price, we pay for all the wealth of the world. It is all purchased by labour, and the plain and palpable consequence of this universal striving is gradually to lessen the quantity of labour, which is another expression for price, by which all commo dities are obtained. The savage by the invention of a trap,.for example, catches as many animals in a night, while he is en joying his repose, as he could run down in a week. The agriculturist, by the application of manures, or by varying his crops, doubles or trebles the produce with which the earth, the sunshine, and rain, reward his labour. In like manner the manufacturer, by inge nious machinery, multiplies many thousand fold the productive power of individuals. We may, by one observation, make the immense advantages of this natural system apparent. It enables a comparatively few. persons to provide necessary subsistence for the whole; it is the true source, then, of the possibility of a leisure class having any existence in society, and such a class is closely connected with all the arts and all the knowledge beyond that which is necessary to provide for mere subsistence. We do not assert that it is the sole parent of civilization, but it is one of its essential elements. That in the progress of society the different pro ducts of different labourers are exchanged for one another; makes no alteration in the general rule. Of this universal striving at all times to procure com modities at little cost of labour, universal cheapness is the natural and necessary result. Never were the efforts of this law of human na ture more apparent than at this time. The spirit of • carnage being no longer allowed to waste the abodes of Europeans, their chief skill and ingenuity are turned to produce useful and agreeable commo dities at a cheap rate, that is, at the cost of a less and less quantity of labour. In England this progress during the last thirty years has been astonishing, and the same quantity of goods which then cost 10,000,0001., may now be I had for less than half the sum. The reduction in money price, however, does not repre , sent the whole reduction ; because, the extended use Of paper. money, and improvements in working mines and purifying the precious metals indicate that money itself is inow the produce of less labour, or, is itself naturally cheaper, while the things it measures are also cheapened. Thus, the universal striving which is a law of man's nature, has in our age, and espe cially, though not exclusively, in our country, attained its object in an extraordinary degree. But what, in the meantime, has been the conduct of the Government, which ought, according to the Conservative theory, to have framed its laws with a special view to this great, permanent, universal, and successful striving after cheapness ? Why, the Conservative Government has passed laws an.l upheld laws, and has perilled its own existence in upholding laws which countervail, oppose, and endeavour to render vain the attempts of the universal people to reduce the price, or the cost of commodities. Instead of taking man and society as it is, the Govern ment, using the phrase in its widerst sense, has resolved on modelling both on a pet notion of its own. It would not have cheapness—it has de creed dearness. It has passed a law to say that the people shall not procure their food by that very small quantity of labour, by which a piece of cotton cloth sent to the United States would buy a bushel of flour, or, sent to the Brazils, would buy a cwt. of sugar. It has set itself to constrain, alter, and mis direct the whole strivings of all the industrious classes, and the whole course of human society. It says the people shall not eat unless they employ three days' labour in gaining bread from our limited soil, when they—might obtain it, by one day's labour, from the choice soil of the United States. It is this direct op position of the Government to the stream and course of society, this foolish attempt, in the teeth of the Con servative theory, to impede the striving of men to obtain abundance and cheapness after their own fashion, and, according to their own devices, which is at the bottom of all our present social misery. Nature or Gov comm ands man to put out his labour m tothe greatest tban profit—the Government individuals es to know assumes how to make their labour profitable, and it impiously strives to counteract the l aw s of 'Nature. w better While our people have thus been successfully and nobly engaged in providing useful commoditi,)s little cost, the Government has been employed. h preventing other persons from doing the same for them. •It has virtually said to the farmers of the United States and of the Continent off Europe, if you follow the good extmple of our peOple, which you would be sure to do, and produce food for them as they produce cloth for you, I will not allow you to bring your produce to England : at least I will place such a duty on it as to make it unprofitable which will disable you from bringing,it. Thus, whil our people have been exerting their skill to provide cheap commodities, the mischievous Government has been depriving them of a „market. It has, in manner, prohibited other people` from working for them, while it has encourage, 4 them to work for other peopl e . Th e consequences cif this fatal, this anti-Conservative, anti-social policy is now evident i the want of markets for our goods. *..r.here is compa ratively little or nothing to be got for them. There is no sugar, no flour, beyond what our own Colailies and farmers supply. If you prevent men goods at a profit, you effectually prevent them bein made. Hence, when you destroy the market for our goods, that is, prevent provisions being given in ex— change for them, you stop their production ; you stop the labour which produces them ; you stop the em ployment for the people. This is esActly what has now taken place. The Government ha's*.--prevented our people from receiving the food by which other_ people would luiy their cotton and cutlery; there is no longer, therefore, a corresponding market for these commodi ties, no longer employment for the people in making them, and there is great distress in the land. This is all clearly traced to. the laws, which; in defiamce of nature, have expressly thwarted the efforts of ,our people to create or obtain wealth at a little cost' of labour. • If it be said that all the huge fabrics which have been built up in the manufacturing towns, that all the ponderous machines there employed, - all the skilful, inventions there in constant use, the tall chimneys the deep mines, are not natural ; we reply, that if they be not, neither is the skill of the trapper, nor the art of the agriculturist, natural. But when we see that in all ages and all countries these kind of arts have come successively into existence ; that after man has learnt to appease the cravings of hunger at a small cost, he has invariably directed his powers to increase comforts and luxuries, we must contend that the mannfacturing system, though it assumes different shapes in different countries, is a natural phasi g in the history of mankind. It is not con fined to England. It prevails, and has pre vailed, under different modifications, in every country iu which civilisation has made any progress. The growth of the manufacturing system, therefore, is a natural portion of society, though it have been modified in different countries by their different political institutions. Here, owing to our aristocratic form of Government, it "has assumed an aristocratic character, and cotton Lords andiron Lords vie with landlords in wealth, while the labourers under all three are equally in a low and degraded condition. But that is not the consequence of the manufacturing system, with all its beautiful in ventions—it is the consequence of our political form of society, it arises from political regulations to main tain the aristocracy, and foster such a distribution of property as suits them. ST. MARYLEBONL BANK FOR SAVINGS. 76, WELBECK-STREET.-ESTABLLSHED 5Tx JULY, 1830. COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF PROGRESe; AT SPECIFIED PERIODS, DURING THE LAST EIGHT YEAR& On sth July, 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842! Open Deposi. Accounts £5,805 7,635 9,410 10,703 11,620 12,445 12,881 13,100 'Suing" Invested with National Debt Com missioners. £83,472 115,88 i 143,481 179,381 216,017 244,469 -460,552 2.75,072 LIGHT GOLD. We have received a letter containing soul r objet tions to a statement which appeared in the money article of the Times of the 28th of June, on the sub ject of the light coinage. The writer of this letter appears, to consider, that the variation in the weight of the sovereign allowed to the Master of the Mint, is six grains above, and six grains below, the Mint standard, for every one pound weight troy ; instead of being, as stated by us, twelve grains below this standitr4 weight. The correctness of our assertion may, bowavr; be readily shown. The following is an extract front the reporti of the address of the Lord Chancellor to the recent Pix Jury, and which appeared in the Miles of the '23d of June last : "It was imposible that in all instances the coin could exactly correspond with the standard, and therefore when an inquiry of that nature (the Pia Jury) was first institututed, a provision had been made to meet any case of trifling deficiency. With respect to gold, 12 grains were allowed in every pound troy. In silver 1 dwt. in every pound troy. if no greater deficiency than what he had stated took place in a new coinage, it was allowed;. but if there was a greater deficiency, the Master of the Mint must render an account to the Crown, for he was respon sible. If, on the other hand, there should be an ex cess in the weight, the Master of the Mint was en titled to receive it. And further, if the coin was wrong, it was imperative on the Master of the Mint to recoin it at . his own expense in a proper form and manner, agreeably to the pleasure of the Crown." The above extract appears clearly to point out that the 12 grains in the pound Troy, given as allowance to the Master of the Mint, may allte taken as the error in diminution of the weight. Thepossible case of an error in excess is provided for in another man ner, in a subsequent part of the paragraph just recited. Our Correspondent will also perceive, on a re perusal of our observations of the 28th of June, that a comparison was first made with the issuing weight of the sovereign, including the allowance to the Mail ter of the Mint, as being the strictly equitable mode of considering the subject, but that a modification of the scale of loss on light coins was afterwards effected by adding one halfpenny to the results, whieh brought them to the allowances to be used when the compari son is made with the legal calculated weight of 5 dwt. grains. —Times. DR. REID'S LECTURES ON CHE MISTRY. • THE ACTION OF AIR ON BODIES. After some preliminary eiPeriments upon colouring matter, produced by the admixture of liquids, and' the methods of stain ing the calico of our markets with its rich and multiform dyer, Dr. Reid, in his lecture at Esefir-hall yesterday evening, chiefly dwelt on the action of air upon external „surfaces. H e proceeded to show thit in the same ma n n er as on a grander scale, the air circulates round the vast eircumfetence of the . globe, from the pole to the equator, and thither again to the pole—so it similarly wound itself about and pervaded all other .. bodies, and especially, among others, the human frame. In its more immediate action on the body respiration was cue of the pecu liar forms it assumed—a process by which every individual, in or dinary life, respired 820,000 times a day. Passing from this sub ject to the consideration of dry-rot, which arises from non-eir., culation of a just quantity of pure air, thereby clusuig engeO-. derment of carbonic acid, which fed by moisture, was the prime creator of this species of decay, the lecturer made some interest-. ing observations on the subject. Dry-rot generally originated in the roofs of buildings, in which there was no exit for air above, and which causing the combination of carbon and moisture as alluded to above, generated often that rich aerial manure in which plants and futile were found to thrive luxuriously. Dr. Reid exhibited several spe- • citizens of plants which he had collected, and which re- ceived their nourishment in the manner indicated. 110 . . considered this air-formed compost se nutritious in its ea. ture, that even corn could be grown in it. It war the great, , pabulum of dry-rot. Thus, but a day or two since, in ascending to the roof of a church where dry-rot was believed to exist, the lecturer saw that the very ladder itself from this cause had decayed, and holding it between' his fingers, made for a fact that at this instant roofs were giving n 7p n li s innu e n_gs_ it crumble to dust. By this destructive process, knew were beiteg destroyed, libraries were d n eaa i r Lsei Plac es —ev ils of the large accumulations of emir would have obviated, or the of air through the apartm ent, est direction of a current which proper ventilation, or the t sli ght est l and explanations of the air-pump, _ simple application of one or two s.reciffiocrms. s Danidagrlprem: the lecture. sures of the atmosphere, conc lu ded Rd—TlTYhTisliEneAwlTT:orOkßEbasSB , H RT E . OP " THE HISTORY ress O F in the very foremost rank of female placed the tut . We were the first to call attention," observes the ' .. to the excellent truth and nature of The His. • a Flirt, and looked with more than usual expectation TIIE MANCCUVRING A MOT HER S tort' of for the appearance . . s o fortunate in its pictures of life among our middle classes. This new book will sustain the reputation bf our authoress. novelists. An <E u m . She 19 many degrees nearer to Miss Austin thin any of her contemporaries; she writes, too, with as much care as pur pose; and she will keep tier place, we are inclined to think. as she has won her way—that is, steadily but unobtrusively. '. • There is great skill in her conception of the Manteuvring Mother's (Lady Wetheral's) intrigues for the brilliant establish-• ment of her five daughters, not so much from selfish designs for her own aggrandisement in theirs, as from a mind perverted . —which regards rank, wealth, and 'show as the absolute neces- sities of existence. We could mention almest'everttersonage of the tale with a note of commendation, but enough is said to - make our readers seek for the work, and oncefouml, its merits . will presentl y ensure for it as healthy a popularity . as ,belongs . to its predecessor." , We learn from Hanover that tile: Rin g }eft hi capital on the 26th ult. for Roteakirchea. . . -e -t4 ME A