The Sun. — London, England, 1842-09-10 00:00:00

HAMBURGii, 12Tet AUGUST, 1842. uIS MAJESTY the EMPEROR of 11 AUSTRIA, HIS MAJESTY the E3IPEitOR of RUSSIA, AND HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF PRUSSIA, Having AUTHORISED and GUARANTEED several DIS TRIBUTIONS of MONEY DIVIDENDS, by which, though they are NO LOTTERIES, LARGE FORTUNES may be obtained. HEINE BROTHERS, at HAMBURGH, are Selling GENUINE and WARRANTED SELECTED BONDS for the said DISTRIBU rwNs. Persons desirous to purchase may receive. PREVIOUS to giving any order, the PROSPECTUS with full PARTI CULARS, upon add HElNrEß ßessing, THE WITHOUT DELAY, a line to HE RS, at HAMBURGH. THEATRE ROYAL, COVENT-GARDEN. The Public is respectftdly infornice that Miss Adel , idelK emble being sufficientiy recovered from her severe indisposition, THE THEATRE WILL OPEN THIS EVENING, SEPTEMBER 10, when Will be performed Bellini's Opera of NORMA.— Pollio, Mr. W. Harrison ; Oroveso, Mr. Giubiki; Flavius, Mr. Binge; Norma, Miss Adelaide Kemble; Adalgisa, Miss Rainforth; Clotilda, Miss Lane. Atter which will be produced a New Comedy, in Two Acts, writ ten by Douglas Jerrold,'F.sq., entitled GERTRUDE'S CHERRIES, OR WATERLOO IN 1835. Willoughby, Mr. Bartley; Vincent, Mr. W. Lacy Guibert, Mr. Diddear z Jack Halcyon , Mr. Har e y ; Crosshone, Si r . Meadows ; Angelica, Miss Cooper ; Mrs. Crossbone, Mrs. Humby ; Gertrude. Mrs. W. Lacy. Doers open at half-past •Six, and the Performances begin at Seven. Dress Boxes is.. Second Price Is. rid , first and Second Circles 55., *ccond Price 2s. tid. ; Pit Is., Second Price 2s. ; Gallery is. Tickets and Places for the Boxes to be taken of Mr. Whitlow, at the Box- Office, from Ten till Four, where Season Tickets may he had. Prirate Boxes to be had at 'he Box-Otti e; of Sir. Andrews, Ifr. New Bond-street; Mr. Mitchell, Old Bowl street; and of Mr. yams Pali Mall. DAVIDGE'S ROYAL SURREY THEATRE. TIIIS EVENING, SF:PTEMBER 10, Will be acted volley Grattan's Historical Play of BEN NAZIR, THL -Alt k CEN.—Ben Nazir, Mr Butler (as acted by him at all tlise principal Theatres in America); King Charles, Mr. H. Hughi,s; Ernerance. Mrs. H. Vining. Atter which, an New Petite SArio.Comic Drama, entitled THE WELCOMK HOME.— ~a t Merton by Mr. R Honner. To he followed by she Comic Extravaganza of ANGLI.,S AND AJClVERS'.—Beinamiu Brimstone, M'. G. Wild; SaUy Gingham 34 iss '1 errey. To conclude with the laughable Enter•ainment called .1Y MAN TOM.—Tern Chaff; Mr G. r% , ild ; Mrs. Kate Moreton, 3112 s E. Ter. cry, w,ho will sing Kate Kearr.ev." ...laces and Private Soxes may be ad of Mr. J. Kerschner, at the 1 ox Office, from Eleven till Four dailv. --------- THEATRE-ROYAL, ENGLISH OPERA-HOUSE. A Great Hit— . Life in Dublin !" M. Carter, the Lion King, and his highly trained animals of the De sert will ap ear on Mw day next THIS EVENING, SEPTEMBER:IO. The Performances will commence with CL A Rl.—Characters by Messrs. Howard, Haines, Oxberry, Misses Melville, Holmes. and R. !Asa - 8, and %Iv , . Gra by. After which, the Farce of WHERE SHALL I DlNE?—Sponge.; Mr. Hswa d; Diggory, Mr. Oxberry; Dorotnea Grumpy, Miss Melville. To conclude wi h a Novel Burletta, written by Pierce Egan. Esq., full fan, frolic, and whim, called LIFE IN DUBLlN.—Cbrin ihiati Torn, Mr. Wm. Howard; Jerry, Mr. J. T. Haines; Jemmy Green, Mr. Oxherry ; Logic, Mr. Hollingsworth; Mrs. brew), Miss Melvill ; Kate Krilliant, Miss • rescott Arai de; Betsey Tasteful Miss R. Isaacs; Rose Das , ,all. Miss Beresford. Boxes, 4s. Pit, tis.— Gallery, Is. Doors oven a* Half-past Six ; ecounence at Seven; Half-price, a Quarter before Nine Private Boxes to be had of Mr. Grogan, at the Private Box-office ; tnd of Messrs. Andrews, Mitchell, Sams, and Baily, at then Libraries. ROYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS. First performarc., of a new Fantasia, " Ern Strauss von Handel 1" The G4andola wilt commence this week at Half-past Eight. 41 RAND EVENING FETES, MOND AY, TUESDAY, and TH TJRBI) AY, with the fo:lowiug matchless combination of unique attractions:— The celebrated MENAGERIE, recently enriched by several Zoo.. Ing;cal rarities. Tee stupendous 1 YPO R A M IC MODEL A L.FRESC 0 of ROME trom the left bank of the Tiber. The PROMENADES MUSICALES by the unrivalled Bend of Wind Instruments, coneucted by Mr. Godfrey including Beetho ven's Sinfonia in C minor, the Grand Duo .‘ Dove Vai " from Guillaume 'Fell " pt rformed y Handley and Prospere, a new se lectio of Lwow - ire movceaux from the works of Handel. and a va riety of popular pieces Atter the Concert the Illumination of St. Peter's, and the Giran. dola of Saint Angelo, with Southby's magnificent Pyrotechnic Spec tael,Ns, Extraordinary Aquatic Fireworks n the Lake, and Superb Cascade of Fire. Admission to the whole of the Entertainments, One Shilling. Open at Ten in the :‘lorning.—Feeding at Five.—Concertat Half past Five.—Fireworks at Halt.p.rst Eight, ROYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS. THE LAST FLOWER SHOW OF THE SEASON, NEXT TUESDAY, SEPT 13. The COMMITTEE of the ROYAL SOUTH LONDON FLORI CULTURAL SOCIETY have the honour to announce that the GRAND AUTUMNAL DAHLIA SHOW, and Miscellaneous Ex hibition of FLOWERS, FRUIT, and VEGETABLES, will take place on TUESDAY, SEPT. 13. SEVENTY-THREE GOLD and SILVER MEDALS will be awarded as Prizes. Two Gold and Twenty-one Silver Medals for Dahlias, in stands of 12, 24, and 50 dissimilar blooms ; and Fifty other Prizes for Miscellaneous Plants, Asters, Hearts'-ease, Rose., Cut Flowers, British-grown Fruit, Pines, Grapes, Vegetables, Or chidea, Specimen Plants, Seedlings, &C. Snbjects for Exhibition must be in the Gardens before Ten o'clock, or they will positively be excluded, the great number of entries ren dering it necessary peremptori:y to enforce this rule. Prize Lists and Regulations for Exhibitors may be had at the Gar dens, or of the Honorary Secretary, R. H. Cunning. Esq. TO CORRESPONDENTS. An elected Member of the House of Commons, whose return is petitioned against, cannot vote, till the peti tion is settled. So far he is not an efficient Member; but we do not understand what our Correspondent means by a bona fide Member. HIGH W ATER AT LONDON BRIDGE THIS DAY. Al wising...—. 13 minutes after 51 Evening ..... 33 minutes after 5. LONDON: ~ A TURDAY MORNING. SEPTEMBER 10, 1842, Now that the supremacy of the law is fully reatoredi as we are assured by the Tories, the question recurs with more force than ever, what is to be done for the people ? The law will not feed and clothe them, nor provide them with fuel and lodging. The harvest is happily abundant, and there will be on the whole, in cluding the quantity of food imported, a greater quantity this than last year. As yet, however, no impulse has been given to enterprise. There may be no great increase of employment, and there may therefore be a deficiency in the means of " purchasing food ; but the comparative abundance will enable the Ministers, and the Parliament, and the public, to consider the question, what is to be dune for the people under favourable anspices? It being quite clear that the law, however surpreme and powerful, can neither feed nor clothe the people ; equally clear that all the offi cers and servants of the State, including the all powerful soldiery and police, are fed and clothed by the industrious people ; and equally clear that the landlords live on the produce of other men's labour, and can provide nothing for them; the question recurs with as great urgency as ever, notwithstanding the triumph of land lords, of the soldiery, and the law, how are the people to be amply fed, comfortably lodged, and warmly clothed ? The Corn-law will not effect this, the importation, of cattle will not effect it, the alteration in the timber and coffee duties will not effect it. What will? It.requires no evidence to prove that at present a great number of the people are inadequately f e d, very poorly clothed, and very unwhole soMely lodged. It requires, too, no evidence to prove, that though badly fed, lodged, and clothed, th e y increase in number, competing with one another for what they can get, so that a still greater proportion of the whole society will become badly clothed, lodged, and fed, and the Whole be deteriorated, unless an abundance of food, clothing, and comfortable houses be provided. After all that can be said or written, to provide individuals and society with abund ance is the main end and object, not only of du legislation—for even the security, which penal laws are supposed to (ruarantee, is chiefly valu able because it enables man to sow and reap in peace—but of all human toils, including all the tine arts and all trade ; and any legislation which, in our present conditi on, doe s not contemplate ensuring abundance as its great end, is at least trifling, and unworthy the attention of a rational and serious man. As the law, however, can neither feed nor clothe the People, what can ? Nature, bounteous, harmonious Nature, in creating the wants creats the means of gratifying them. She unites muscular power With ap pe tite ; in her System, the mouth whi c h cravesa d the hand which can supply, go together. So provident is she, that she brings no human being into the world, as the rule, without preparing i t ; focd in the breast of the mother for a c erta i n time beforehand. Where the wants are, there exists the power of supplying them, and come quently it is the duty of every man to feed and clothe himself. As the rule, too, he does it; and no State has yet taken on itself the duty of feeding and clothing its subjects. What the law, in all its supremacy, can not, individuals can du. They can teed and clothe themselves; they can procure abundance ; and all they re quire of the law, all which it can accomplish, however powerful, subtle, and refined, is to pro tect individuals while they are feeding and clothing themselves, or performing some useful labour for which they can obtain food and clothing. In fact, so to protect individuals and give them security, is the professed object and end of all gorial institutions ; but our law, far from keeping this object in view, far from protecting people iu theft' honest exertions to procure food and cloth iUg fin' themselves, absolutely. _prohibits them from providing for themselves. Like some great &imp of p ro wli n g 4idians, hovering. round the settlement of civilised men, it hems -thew in cl! „ - M fr• • -z` • c , ; pi , 0, -1 4 17 ? .1%- 4.41.1:;0P • Ztt as' its prey, and keeps them from expanding into the neighbouring fields, which invite their industry. Of the arts by which man can be clothed and fed, it is necessarily more ignorant than are the Indians of the skill of civilised men. They may learn that, but it is impossible to see railroads, self-acting mules, and power looms without being convinced that the arts by which men can be fed and clothed. are for ever taking new forms—are for ever, as it were, in pro gress of development or creation, and can never be known beforehand by the law. Yet while it can neither feed nor clothe the people, while it knows nothing whatever of the means they have in store for clothing and feeding themselves, it pro hibits the exercise of their industry, the develop ment of their arts, and dooms them, as we now see, to poverty and discontent—to disease, fa mine, and death. this price, if the wages of labour had not risen, the con dition of the labourers would be very miserable. He would not be able to purchase as much as half a peck of wheat by a day's labour." But we have just seen that a law was passed to prevent wages rising when corn rose, and such laws would be again passed if the master class in Parliament was entrusted with the power of regulating wages. But they cannot be entrusted to keep them up without also placing in their hands the power to beat them down. In 1682, under the influence of laws re gulating wages, the labourer could hardly com mand as much as three-quarters of a peck of wheat. Without referring to mere details, by which it appears that the labourer has always been kept by law on the verge of starvation, we shall content ourselves with quoting M. MAL- Tnus's : ,opinion as to the effect of a psuedo bene volent attempt to regulate wages. Speaking of the fall-in the value of money which took place between 1793 and 1814, he says— " lAm •strongly of opinion, that if the price of labour had not been kept' down by artificial means, it would have risen higher in proportion than the average price of corn ; and the opinion is fairly borne out by facts." " It is known that in many counties, and in the southern parts of England, wages in 1810 and 1811 were unnatu rally kept down to 125., 10s., 95., and even 7s. 6d., by the baneful system of regularly maintaining the chil dren of the poor out of the rates. It may be fairly con cluded, if this system had not prevailed, the wages of labour would have risen higher than the price of wheat." For the interest of the labourers, therefore,' whether the Legislature pass statutes, .or Magi strates make orders, there must be no interfe rence with wages. It would be impossible to prevent self-interest turning the interference to its own advantage. The right to interfere must add to the power of the Legislature over the workman, and make him more than ever a slave. As to the masters, and as to society, one con sideration will suffice to show the injuriousness of departing from the general rule. It would be a palpable and forced spoliation of the property of the masters. We take it for granted that the occupations of the masters, which enrich them, are beneficial to society. The masters en proceeding is made The extreme folly of its evident by the arguments which are put forth to justify it. It is said that the people ought to feed themselves by means of the soil to which the law confines them. Agriculture is infinitely preferable to manufactures as a means of feeding and clothing the people, and therefore they must cultivate the ground. Now it is one fact that population is increasing rapidly it is another fact that agriculture, in the progress of society, demands fewer and fewer hands. As knowledge and skill supply the place of strength, a conti nually decreasing proportion of the society is required to 'cultivate the ground. This process has been for centuries uninterrupted. Agri culture, therefore, however far it may be pushed, and the more skilfully and scientifically it is car ried out, the fewer hands it requires, can give no employment, and no food—for those who grow it Avilt only exchange it for something else--to an increasing population, and consequently no means by which that population can feed and clothe itself. It is hence not merely foolish, it is palpably absurd, to attempt to limit an increas ing population to agriculture as the means of getting food and clothing. The reverse is the case with manufactures In them new arts are continually called into existence, which require an ever-increasing po pulation. Steam-engines, gas, cotton-spinning, and weaving, railways, locomotive machines, and all the countless arts and contrivances which belong to what is called the manufacturing system, now feed and clothe more than half the population of England, that half being greater than the whole population which a century ago found food and clothing from agriculture and manufactures together. Agriculture now em ploys fewer people than formerly. On the one hand, therefore, agriculture, in its progress, re quires fewer and fewer people, while manufac trage in those occupations for the sake of pro fit; to despoil the masters would destroy their profit, and would put an end to their occu- sident of Rio de Janiero, who had taken posses pations. Labourers masters, and society at large, therefore, would all be grievously injured by not observing the general rule not to inter fere between masters and workmen. The only way in which they can fairly divide betwixt them the produce of their united labour is by free competition, or what is called the higgling of the market. Competition must, however, be completely and thoroughly free. Two principles now divide society—free competition and minute regulation ; as the former is established, each individual will find his wages determined by the markets of the world; as the latter triumphs, the Legislature will reward him selon ses oeuvres. tures, on the other, demands an ever-in creasing number, and will enable them to provide an abundance of food and clothing fur themselves. Now, the law which cannot feed and clothe the people, with folly unspeakable, with recklessness unparalleled—while it pretends to watch over the people, by impeding and pro- hibiting the extension of manufactures, actually and cruelly prohibits the increasing people from feeding and clothing themselves. If our view be correct—strange as the deduction may ap pear, and recently as the law has been restored, as is said, to its supremacy—it follows that the law must, in one sense, be deposed before the increasing people can feed and clothe themselves, and before that great and ever-growing abun dance which all desire—the result of individual exertion—can revisit the land. So we answer the now all-important question—What is to be done for the people? How are they to be fed and clothed? If the Times means by asserting that general rules are not to be the masters but the servants of man, that there arc no general rules so sacred that man may not inquire into them, and show, if he can, their inutility, or their incorrectness, we do not differ from the Times. We think nothing which concerns human conduct is too abstruse for human investigation. If our Con temporary be disposed to justify certain states men or landowners, by demonstrating that the, two general rules, "Thou shalt not steal," " Thou shalt not kill," are not applicable to the affairs of England, we do not object to his making the at tempt. What we object to is the implied admis sion that a general rule is correct, that the records of experience embodied in it are properly stated, and that yet men, in obedience to a mo mentary apprehension, or in order to gratify an immoral caprice, may wilfully set it aside. The reasoning of the Times strik es, we affirm, at the root of all morality, and, therefore, we dis sent from it, and hold it up to public notice, and, we hope, to public censure. Our Contemporary applies his doctrine to one general rule, that the Legislature ought not to interfere between employers and the persons they employ. If that rule be not correct as to the cotton-spinners and coal-owners, it cannot be cor rect in other employments; and if the Legisla ture, - or the Magistrates, may interfere with them to ensure the workmen ample wages, it may, according to PALEY'S doctrine, in the same manner and from the same motives interfere with all other trades. Let us apply the doctrine to the Times itself. At present, that journal has a numerous body of editors, reporters, correspondents, compositors, engine-men, agents, clerks, &c., &c., all of whom have been nourished and supported, " called into being" as reporters, editors, &c., by the success of the Times. Suppose that journal to dwindle down to the level of the late Courier, and drag on a scarcely lingering existence, instead of having every day three pages of advertisements, and 10,000 or 20,000 subscribers—according to the rule laid down by the Times, the journal would continue to support all the persons it at present employs at the same rate of wages. If it turns them off or lowers their salaries, they may, as the master manufacturers have turned off their hands be cause they make no profit by employing them, appeal against it to a benevolent and well meaning public, and find enlightened journalists to rail against it, and call on the Legislature to compel the Times to support the army of report-' ers, editors, and correspondents it has called into. being. We congratulate those gentlemen on having, according to the doctrine of the Times, a life-long lien .on that. journal,. or on .Mr. WALTER'S estate, who, whether he wants_ them or not, must, on the doctrine of the Times, con tinue to pay and employ them. For our parts we maintain the general rule; we affirm that our Legislature wholly composed of the master class, and mainly elected by it, cannot with any show of justice, be called on to interfere with, or regulate wages. The CHARTER, at least, must become the law of the land, before it can have the semblance of justice to place the con trol of wages in the hands of the Legislature. What do the young ensigns, ship captains, top ping lawyers, and dandy noblemen who com poseknow about wages, or th e natural laws which t cl i i ' ' regulate wages? How can it be expected that they should calmly and patiently consider all the claims of workmen, and all the variations which are continually taking place in their skill and occupations ? In Manchester the same rate of wages, as a man works with good or bad ma chinery, amply rewards him, or dooms him to starvation. An improveMent in a loom enables one man to do the work of half a dozen ; by what rule can the Parliament apportion his reward ? Not only must the CHARTER be made the law before it can be just to place the regulation of bwoadgyesminustt behehands of the Legislature, but that organized manner before it esouldpre i t n a pretend t t o o ta i l .e ly gu d l i a ff t e e r t e h n e t rate of wages with accuracy or fairness. It has occasionally tried its hand at this, and what has been the result? We will quote ecrarsalwElNa:r MaLTnus's work, P a passage here olfiurtroi coona.nootmody in 1350, the 25th o f •" Trhinecsiptalteusteojo; Po liti cal the ven Icing, t h f e o r price e m o of s t labours ju s t ,m rising f a ndro impolitic ft ae purpose h te of greatpr,e- pestilence." "In the sub sequent period of Edward lIIs reign, the labourer appears to have been much worse off: The statute of labourers was renewed, and, it i s said, enforced very rigidly, notwithstanding a consider able rise in pricethe'(l . corn. On an average of the thir teen years 'out of twenty-six in which the prices of wheat are noticed, the quarter is about us. 9d., which is about is, 51d. the bushel, and 40. the peck. At In another part of the paper will be found an abridged report of the proceedings which took place in the Town Council of Edinburgh on Tuesday, relative to the arrangements, or rather the want of arrangements, for the reception of her MAJESTY. Mr. Black read a clear statement of all the circumstances which led to the unfor tunate result, and a very general opinion pre vailed that the Council were not to blame; but who the real offender was, did not appear. One of the Bailies certainly was in good time, for he reached Granton Pier by three in the morn ing ; yet though he waited till nine with great patience, he too was taken by surprise. He saw the Royal yacht fairly moored alongside the pier, when Sir R. PEEL and the Duke of BUCCLEUCH went on, board, nod on their return informed him that her MAJESTY found it necessary to proceed im mediately to Dalkeith, and before he could start off with this intelligence for the Council the QUEEN was on shore, entered her carriage in a minute, and drove off at such speed that the un fortunate Bailie was compelled to fall into the rear of the procession. We can discover no good reason for such proceedings, nor any reason whatever for keeping the whole affair a secret, ,as regarded the City authorities, while the time of landing was communicated to the Governor of the Castle, at least two hours before. If the ad visers of her MAJESTY really intended that there should be no presentation of keys, nor other ceremonies—observed on similar occasions—they should have stated their intentions distinctly, and left no room for any misunderstanding whatever. On the contrary, they assured a deputation but the day previous that her MAJESTY would make her entrance into the city in such a manner as would be most gratifying to the inhabitants; yet the whole population were taken by surprise, and the Lord Provost and Bailies made the laughing stock of the public. No wonder that his Lord ship looked sulky during the discussion, and ut tered not a word in his own defence. After a long talk, the Council found they could institute no proceedings without the evidence of the military authorities, and doubting their authority to summon therdbefore a Committee, they pocketed the affront, and the meeting was dissolved. " Justices' Justice" has become a synonyme for absurdity, ignorance, and oppression in the administration of the law; and nothing can well exceed the unanimity with which county 'Ma gistrates endeavour to establish the permanence of its meaning.. Now and then a touch of gro tesqueness is added which imparts piquancy to the particular case, as if to arrest, for a moment, the attention of the Press and the Home Secre tary. Such a case will be found in another part of The Sun, copied from the Kentish Observer. The facts are simply these :—JAMES FITZJAMES and EDWARD GLADSTONE, comedians, were charged at the Dover Police-court with assault ing a Mr. COOPER, for which they were fined in ten shillings, including costs. They were next charged with threatening the life of Mr. COOPER, whereupon they were required to find two sure ties in 201. each to keep the peace for two months, As it required a couple of hours to find bail they were committed in the mean time to prison, and though they were there only about four hours altogether, their hair was cropped, notwithstand ing their protesting that such an indignity would inflict upon them great professional injury. They brOught the case before the Magistracy, but after a grave deliberation these legal luminaries decided that the gaoler had only done.his duty, and that there was no redress for the deeply injured comedians. The surgeon' examined them, and pronounced th!m perfectly clean, and the gaoler in his defence pleaded that his orders left him no alternative. Now, if this be the case, it is the duty of the Home Secretary to lose no time in revising these orders. Nor Could they be unknown to the Magistrate who committed these persons to prison to wait for bail ; , and it was his duty to have directed that the rules of the prison should not be observed in their case. They were guilty of no offence punishable by imprisonment, and the only ex cuse for sending them there at all was that they might be kept in safe custody till the ap. pearance of their sureties. To subject them, therefore, to the treatment of felons and malefactors was preposterously unjust, as well as cruel . . As regards the gaoler and turnkey, they appear to have acted from feelings of resentment. The persons committed for three ,or four hours to their custody did not pay them that homage which they 'conceived to be due to them. They refused to earn their dinner by picking oakum, which so irritated the gaoler that ha threatened to whip them publicly—that being, it appears, the, punishment for break ing the rules. We repeat this is a case for the investigation of the Home Secretary, and we only discharge a public duty in calling his attention to it. To be delivered from " Justices' Justice" would fbrm one of the most necessary invoc;:- tions in a political litany. Letters and papers have been received by the mail from Rio Janeiro to 13th July, from which it appears that the insurrection in St. Paulo had been completely put down, the chief, Senhor Frijo, taken ' prisoner, and one thousand men had voluntarily surrendered to Baron CA XIAS, who had proceeded to Minas Geraes, li)ut where he had been anticipated by the Pre• THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 10, ii 342, sion of - it at the head of 2,000 troops. The per sons who had been arrested at Rio de Janeiro had been shipped off for Portugal on board a Bra zilian frigate. The late Ordonnance of the King of PRUSSIA, for the regulation of the Provincial States of his Kingdom, is commented upon in all the leading French journals. By them all it is considered a move in the right direction—a first step towards the establishment of a com plete system of representative government. We are of the same opinion, but we differ from some of them, who think the measure not suffi ciently liberal. All changes are best made gra dually, but more especially those from absolute deipotisni to democracy. Men must be edu cated to the exercise of freedom, or it is a thou sand to one but they will abuse it. In fact, one of ithe great errors of reformers in absolute monarchies is that they make changes too suddenly, and as they do not produce the anticipated results; the consequence is, that they become disgusted, arid reject liberal opinions al together. They knock the :fetters off the cap tive, pull him out of his. dungeon, and because he can neither walk erect, nor gaze • at the sun without shading his eyes, weakened ,by dark ness, they conclude that freedom is useless to him. We, therefore, think that the King of PRUSSIA is proving himself an able and rational reformer by the moderate course which he is taking to educate his subjects in the principles and practice of a representative system of government. In the course of a very few years the local Diets will comprise the ele ments of Houses of Lords and Commons to re present and legislate for all Prussia. There is no other news of any interest in the French Journals,' „from which we content our selves with making the following extracts : A Morning Journal says that the construction of the iron railway from Paris to Lille has just been as signed to a company represented by MessrS. Millet and Henri, and composed in a great measure of Eng lish houses, and that the contract has been signed by the Minister of Public Works. This statement is completely incorrect.—Moniteur. " The Constitutionnel of the 7th has the following remarks on the late ordinance of the King of Prussia:—" There is undoubtedly a very great difference between the rules laid down by the Royal regulation and a series of enactments fixed by a true national representation. What Frede rick William grants to his subjects is only a sort of consulting government, and the Prince reserves to himself the privilege of pointing out the subjects on which the provincial Governments shall be invited to give their opinion. The very manner in which these Commissions are formed is liable to just ob jections, since the nobility alone will possess the half of the votes. But we do not like judging the work of Frederick William according to our way of think ing. By yielding to the public feeling, by satisfying, although incompletely, the rights of the Prussian nation, and by having recourse for the acts of his Government to theenlightened assistance of the most notable citizens, the King of Prussia has acted nobly and wisely, and has acquired new titles to the gra titude of his subjects, and the esteem of all enlight ened men. Experience has proved that it is not without profound commotion, that apeople can obtain complete possession of their rights, and if the mode of transition,. which Russia will owe to the wise and enlightened mind of her King, shall spare her the perils which attend the establishment of a truly libe ral Government, if it should prepare her for a new position, the ordonnance in question will for ever honour the memory of Frederick William the Fourth." The Toulonnais, of the 4th, says, "It is reported that Admiral Hugon's squadron will soon return to Toulon; and that there a certain number of sailors will be discharged; it is likewise reported that the command will be given• to a Rear-Admiral, and that there will no longer be a Commissary to the squadron. It is also in contemplation to discharge a certain number of workmen employed in the port. Our magazines are almost empty , so that if circum stances should require any new armament, it wo u ld b e impossible to complete them on account of want of stores of all kinds. No contracts are concluded, only some bargains of small importanee are made, and if this continues we shall have to live from hand to mouth. The American ship of the line expected in the Mediterranean is the Columbus."— Commerce. CHART OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE.—MT. Beeson, of Paternoster-row, has just published a work with this title, which furnishes a general view of the statistics of the United Kingdom, and its vast dependencies in almost every quarter of the globe. It is printed in the ar morial bearings of all th e co l on i es , en gravedb3f William s , un d er t h e superinten dencebest style, on one larg e she et , and is decorated on the mar gin with the on 'wood of Mr. Benjamin Wyon, her Majesty's thief engraver of seals. The table exhibits the superficial extent of and dependency, the po pulation, productions, trade, history, language, re ligion, home manufactures to the an d finances. In addition to ample infor rctosloonfy all these infor mation on heads, it contains tables employed in showing the ea e c :Po colo nial and foreign trade in 1840, the total shipping of the British empire, and the number of ships of war in commission, together with a great variety of colonies, the British shippi ng information interesting to the public at large. The materials appeared to have been collected with great labour and research, and the work, inde pendent of being a great ornament, either for counting houses or chambers, will be found extremely useful as a table of reference. tjaCyfinSirngrEge of Hanover died here last We have just receiv pD e o dioidittehnFet,afsotlEclroowTl h n ii intelli gencei'hMAt ,afrom ti report r:ottt our having t 0 inform e :87 2. EXPRESS FROM DUSSELDORF. . Ls been generally spread that you that this is not the fact ; but that his Majesty is lying seriously in are dangerous." 6 Palace in this town. d T i h sp e o s s y e m d pattomPsr,inlceheSaorl,ll)B, COWES, ISLE OF WIGHT. (FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) ROYAL YACHT SQUADRON INTELLIGENCE. ARRIVALS, , Sir John Bayley, Bart., from Plymouth and Dartmouth. Sept. 2d. Nymph cutter, 6th. Harriet schooner, J. Beardmore, Esq., from Brighton. 7th. Ariadne cutter, IV. Peareth, Esq., Guernsey. sArrANGS. Sept. 3. Cynthia cutter, acid. Frankland, Esq., for Plymouth and Cork ; Corsair do., John Congreve, Esq., Plymouth; Gem schoo ner , M arq uis of Ormonde, Plymouth. 7th. Flirt do., Sir B. R. Graham, Bart., for Jersey. YACHTS AT AND ABOUT THE STATION. Schooners—Galatea, Hawk, Jack-o'-Lantern, Hussar, Xarifa, Camilla, Ariel. Cutters—Ariadne, Emerald, Nymph, Fanny, Me dina, Nautilus, Forest Fly, Phebe, Rein• deer, Sapphire, Talisman, Iris. Yawls—Alarm, Breeze, Water Lily. FASHIONABLE INTELLIGENCE. The Dowager Countess of Listowell has left Oatchill House, and the Earl of Errol has taken it. The Countess and family are expected on Thursday next. Lord Fitzhardinge has left Gothic Hall, and Mr. Mullins has taken it. The countess of Darnley, with the Earl and family, are at Beach Villa ; Mrs. Arkwright, at Egypt House ; Lord Rokehy, at the Eighth Cottage ; Mr. Congreve at the Seventh ; Lady Poore,•at the Fourth ; Lady Elizabeth Hope Vere, at Norfolk House; M r . R. Meiklam, at Mr; Genesti's House Mr. P owe ll , at Trafalgar ; Sir H. Walton and brother, at Si r John Hippesley's ; Lady D e Hor sey, at the Ici ng ' s House ; Lady Paulet, at White rsh eiys ; Rose ; Mr. Alloway, at Rosemount; Mr. Mildmay, at Rose Lodge ; Sir E. Paget, at the Castle ; Sir Bel lingham Graham, B ar t., at Harriet Lodge. Sir Jas. Graham, Bart., left Grantham House on Tuesday for town, but his Lady and family remain. Mr. Sergt. Goulburn, No. 2, b a th -buildings ; Mr. Burgess, No. ; the Rv. Mr. Robinson and general Truman, at Prospect Hou se ; Si r J o h n Bayley, at Beach Cottage ; Mr. Baring, Pelh am House. The want of a greater number of good houses, de sirably situated, has been long felt. We have reason to hope that before next season, a number of elegant detached villas will be erected on one of the finest sites the eye can wish for ; they will command views of the harbour, road-stead, and the whole of the oppo site coast to Portsmouth, ineluding Southampton waters. The land is now being laid 'out in building plots, on the Mill-hill estate. ORANGEMEN' • DESCRII3ED in ONE OF THEM SELVES.—We know not whether it is necessary to allude to the complaint that Lord Eliot adthits Roman Catholics —and especially one very dangerous Roman Catholic, Mr. Anthony Blake—to his confidence. It may be as it is stated, but what is Lord Eliot to do ? If Protestant noblemen and gentlemen will not approach him, except to ask ptaces for them se l ves or d e pendents, and to grumble that they have not h a d enoug h, is he not necessarily thrown upon the intimacy of iloman,Catholics, who have no pre tence for being so i mpor t u nate.., -Standard. The Rev. A. S. Ith e im*T2,ll; . .N.A., of Trinity College, Cambridge, h as b een ap f ;; OintO • tg the ministry of Bedford Chapel, Blooms!ntry,',Prit 'thr , mination of the Rev. Henry Hughes to the rectory of the new church in Gordon-square. SUMMARY OF NEWS AND ttbltc 1 4, ptitton. " Who runs may read.' rOREIGN. An express from Dusseldorf states that the King of Hanover is dying, at the palace of the Prince of Solms, in that town. The only articles in the original columns of the French papers, which have any general interest, are in the Constitutionnel and the Courrier Francais, on the late ordonnance of the King of Prussia. The Constitutionnel says :—" There is undoubtedly a very great difference between the rules laid down by this Royal regulation, and a series of enactments fixed by a true . national representation. What Frederick William grants to his subjects is only a sort of a con sulting Government, and the Prince reserves to him self the privilege of pointing out the subjects on which the provincial governments shall be invited to give their opinion. The very manner in which these commissions are formed is liable to just objections, since the nobility alone will possess the half of the votes. The Courrier Francais has the following :—" The three orders of the States appear in these Committees in very unequal proportions, for the nobility alone has as many members as the two others together. We must add, that this kind of elective council is never to deliberate, end its functions are limited to replying when consulted, and to give advice which will be fol lowed or not. If King Frederick William has an arriere pensee he will regard the Provincial Com mittees less as the organs of the public will, than as a means of diminishing in the acts of his Government the responsibility which he would otherwise incur. Such a system, however imperfect, will serve as a precedent, and contribute towards preparing the Prus sians for liberty." The Leipsic Gazette states, from Servia, that the investigations into the late conspiracy in that country, and which bas-been put down, prove that Prince Miksch was at the head of it, and directed the pro ceedings of the conspirators. An accident, which might have been very serious, occurred on the 30th ult. to the Princess de Metter nich and the Countess d'lngelheim, who accompanied her. Just as their carriage arrived at the chateau of the husband of the Countess, the horses took fright, and the carriage was overturned into a ditch. The Princess escaped unhurt, but the Countess received some severe contusions. MONEY-TRADE-COWLIVIER.CE. One of the principal bakers in Windsor has just agreed to supply the union in that place with bread "of the best seconds flour" at 61d. per 41b. loaf. At the present moment the public are, in most places, paying for the same sized loaf, from 7d. up to 94-d. At the fourteenth. half-yearly meeting of the Croy don Railway Proprietors, held on Thursday, at the Lon don Tavern, it was stated by the report read, that the expenditure for the half-year amounted to 17,5171., and the receipts to 19,4151., leaving a balance of 1,8971. The Directors have empowered themselves, by a resolution, to raise a further capital of 66,0001. At Stockport the Messrs. Bradshaw's factory has continued to work at the old prices, but under guard of the specials. One man, named Allinson, or Elli son, an active agitator, was apprehended on Thursday in the act of intimidating one of the female operatives on the way from her home to her labour. He was brought up for examination, convicted, and sent to the House of Correction for three months on the charge of intimidation. _ Lau) AND POLICE. The sentences deferred on the day of trial, were upon Wednesday passed on the Saltbrd rioters tried in that town, who amount to about the number of 90. They were variously sentenced to periods of imprisonment with hard labour of from 10 days to 18 months. Captain Philip Partridge, whose case has been re ported in The Sun on each of his three examina tions, charging him with the murder of three Spanish seamen on the high seas, was committed to Newgate at ,the Thames Police-office on Thursday, for trial at the next Old Bailey Sessions. The Lords Justices of Ireland have offered a re ward of 1001. for the apprehension of the persons con cerned in the, murder of George Martin, aged 16 years, who on the 24th ult., had a mortal wound in flicted on him by some person or persons unknown, at Kilrea, Londonderry. Thursday a meeting of the merchants, traders, and others who desire to see reforms made in the bank : ruptcy laws, was held at the London Tavern, for the purpose of receiving a report from the Committee ap pointed in May last to watch the proceedings in Par liament connected with that subject. They especially expressed themselves satisfied by their report with the declaratory clause, which gives creditors the benefit of any doubts that may arise, and on the whole congra tulates the trades on the passing of this important statute, which comes into force on the 11th November. William Beesley, the Chartist Lecturer, after whom the police have been in quest some weeks, on account of a seditious speech delivered at Pendle-hill, in Lancashire, was taken into custody on Saturday, and was on Wednesday examined on the charge, and fully committed to take his trial at the next Lan caster Assizes. The prisoner was admitted to bail, himself in 1001. and two sureties in 501. each. William Parry was onThursday brought up at Union hall, charged with stabbing Elizabeth Diggle, and in flicting a severe wound on her arm. He was com mitted on the charge. Edith Rouse was re-examined at Guildhall, charged with stealing three diamond rings, value 401., the property of Mrs. Greenhaugh, of Smithfield-bars. A further remand was made. Several paupers of the Greenwich Union were brought up at the police-office of that town on Thurs day, charged with disorderly conduct there, and pur posely tearing their clothes to pieces, leaving them selves naked in the ward. Three were sentenced to one month's imprisonment, three for 21 days, and the remainder for 14 days, in Maidstone Gaol. SPORTING. Upwards of 100 horses are named for the Cesare witch stakes to be run for at Newmarket in the second October, and 88 for the Cambridgeshire to be run in the Houghton. COURT-I".A.SHIONMILE. _ _ Lord Leigh has been entertaining a distinguished party at his seat near Warwick. The Countess of Mount Edgecumbe, Lord Powers court, and Lady Campbell arrived in London on Thurs day from Antwerp. The Hon. Captain Rous left Leamington on Thurs day for Bretby. Shieldley Hall, Lancashire, the hospitable seat of Mr. Hughes, is full of company, who are enjoying excellent sport on the Sutton and Aughton Manors. MISCELLANEOUS. _ _ Her Majesty i;r7TeiTvingitiiTros — on Wednesday, had to pass through the Carse of Gewrie, perhaps the richest in Scotland, or northern Europe ; and that spot which caused the Roman legionaries to exclaim, on first seeing . it, "Ecce Tiberus—Eoce Campus Mar tius r Her Majesty was not less delighted with the scene than the conquerors of the world were, and she gave open expression to her gratified feelings. Rubini took his farewell of Cheltenham on Mon day, at a concert attended by upwards of 800 persons. At the meeting of the Edinburgh Town-Council on Tuesday last resolutions were unanimously adopted for conferring the freedom of the City on Sir Robert Peel, the Earl of Aberdeen, and the Duke of Buccleuch Not less than 16 children narrowly escaped being poisoned in "Boyne -street, Dublin, on Saturday, by partaking of a sweetmeat coloured with arseniate of copper, which had been incautiously used to make garniture at a supper party. There landed from the steamers on Sunday at Chelsea, 7,6414 Putney, 5,840 ; and Richmond, 6,281, independent of those that landed from private boats. The Woodchester property, near Stroud, one of the fine estates of the Earl of Duck will be in the market early in the spring. Mr.. George Robins calculates on its realizing upwards of 300,0001. The Cavaliers during the Protectorate of Cromwell were wont to put a crumb of bread in their glass, and, before they drank it off, with cautious ambiguity exclaim " God send this Crumb well down !" A serious accident occurred on Thursday night about half-past nine at the pier head of the Blackwell Rail way station, which may or may not have led to fatalcon sequences, for on that head we have no information. On the arrival of the Gravesend steamer Satellite, one of the boats of the Star line, a respectably dressed woman, one of the passengers, on proceeding as she thought from the boat to the railway-office to take the train, and from the darkness not discovering the road, made a false step and fell into the water. She was saved with some diffi culty by three of the crew who intrepidly lowered them selves to the water's edge and clinging to the lower ex tremities of the steamer succeeded fortunately at last, after fishing about on chance for some time, in laying hold of her clothes and dragging her on board. There, taken to the cabin, it was found, after pains taken to re store animation. that life was not extinct. What be came subsequently of the unfortunate woman rescued so far from death by drowning is not known. It cannot, however, be out of place here to notice, for the informa tion of the Directors of that railway. that the pier is shattefully r.eglected in the matter of lights on the arri val of late steam vessels. It is stated by those present that one miserable light or lanthorn alone was exhibited on shore for all the breadth of the pier before the sta tion-house where the Satellite brought to, so that pas sengers passing from the full broad light of the steamer's saloon into almost perfect darkness are unable to discern ti ei may. DESECRATION OF TILE SABBATH.—PLYMOUTH, SEPT. B.—On Sunday the Earl of Haddington, Sir George Cockburn, and other members of the Admiralty Board, paid a visit to the San Josef, 110, flag of the Rear- Admiral Superintendent Sir J. Pym ; then to the Brealzwati - x, that impnrtant work ; and afterwards landed at Uount Edgc•ambe, and went through its beautiful park. MONEY and COMMERCIAL NE W`.;. CITY, FRIDAY EVENING. At the close of business. Consols were, 921 93 for Money, and 93 931 sellers for the Account ; India Stock, 249 251 ; Exchequer Bills, Old, 51 53 ;INew, I 49 51 premium. The prices of Foreign Securities were, Belgian, 102 103; Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents., 521 52*; the Five per Cents., 1021 1021 ; Danish, 831 84 ; and Brazilian, 66 67. The quotation for Mexican was 351 36/. In the Share Market London and Birmingham Railway Shares were 178 180; Birmingham and Gloucester, 42 44 ; Great Western, 82 83 ; the Half Shares, 594 60 ; South Western, 584 591 ; North Midland, 56 58 ; the New Shares, 27 28 ; both ex div.; South Eastern and Dover, 22 TVs ; Eastern Counties, 84 81 ; Northern and Eastern, 371 381 ex div. ; Blackwall, 7 71 ; and Brighton, 33 334 per share. The alterations in the rates of exchange were not materially altered, but were generally firmer—Am sterdam, 12 6, 12 61 ; Rotterdam, 12 61 ; Antwerp, 12 4/, 1241 ; Hamburgh, 13 ; Frankfort,lso4 151; Paris, 25f. 75c,, 25f. 80c.; Vienna, 9 554, 9 564; Lisbon, 521 524 ; Madrid, 36i- 36/ ; and Cadiz, 37 ; all at three months. The quotations of the Bonds were—Colombian, 201 211; Peruvian, 154 164; Portuguese Five per Cents., 35 351 ; the Three per Cents., 204 211 ; Spanish Five per Cents., 164 164; and the Three per Cents., 211 211. The intelligence from Mexico, as stated this morn ing, does not add any particular feature to the former arrival. Hitherto the Mexicans have shown every disposition to adhere to their engagements, and by the present packet the promised allotment of the Custom-house revenues have been received on account of the dividends, amounting to 18,000 dollars, smaller, it is true, than former remittances, but more than could haVe been expected in . the disturbed state of the country, had it not been intended to keep faith. In connexion with this, letters from Buenos Ayres to the 19th June have come to hand. The same de gree of animosity existed between the rival chiefs of that place and Monte Video. In order to prosecute the war a forced loan was about to be made to which all would be equally obliged to contribute, and from what has already occurred, years may elapse before the dispute may be terminated. Rosas himself is seated anything but firmly in the presidential chair. Here again British commerce suffers most seriously. Independently of the loans to these countries, the trade carried on between them and us involves a large amount, and chiefly on our capital; so that, in fact, the whole of these people are carrying on their wars, tri fling as they are, with English money. Not one of them has power sufficient to strike a decisive blow among themselves, but a long series of petty annoy ances ruins our commerce. (From The Sun of Last Night.) The markets are generally flat, with but little business, Consols being 924 924 for Money, and 93 931 for the Account. New Three-and-a- Half per Cents, 101 1011. , A private transfer has been effected in Three per Cents. Reduced at - 934, with the dividend. India Bonds, 37; Exchequer Bills, Old, 53 ; New, 49 51 prem. Foreign Securities are rather firmer . Dutch Two and-a-Half per Cents.„ 52/ 524; the Five per Cents , 1021 1021; Belgian, 103 ; and Brazilian, 67. A further arrival of specie from Mexico has caused an advance in the quotations of the Bonds, which are 36 to 361 for time. London and Birmingham Railway Shares have experience a greater decline, having been sold at 180, and the new Thirds at 30 ; Birmingham and Derby 41 ex div. ; Manchester and Birmingham, 231 ; Edinburgh and Glasgow, 481 ; Great Western, 831 ; New Shares, 594 ; South Western, 59 ; South Eastern Scrip, 61 ; Eastern Counties, 8i ; New, 8/. 6s. Bd. ' • Blackwall, 74 ; and Brighton, 33. Spanish bonds are quoted lower, the Five per Cents. at 161, and the Three per Cents. at 21 ; Por tuguese Five per Cents. 354. By the Forth, West India mail steamer, letters have been received from Mexico, and Jamaica, and some other of the West India islands ; the dates f the latter are to the 9th of August. By the last two or three mails the accounts of the crop, and the gene ral condition of the colonies, have been extremely favourable ; these, however, are still more so. The ex tent of the crops had been ascertained, and had been far larger than had been anticipated. Much of this in crease was attributed to the assistance received from the •African immikrants, who, it is stated, are well satisfied; and greater exertions were being made to provide an extra number against the ensuing season. This improvement in the produce of the estates had given an impetus to commercial affairs, and, although embarrassments in trade continued, still they were rapidly disappearing. Complaints are made of the want of shipping, and these fully bear out the remarks which have from time to time been made of the loss to merchants consequent upon the irregularity of the communication between this country , and the West Indies. It is stated that on Bth August a considerable quantity of sugar remained in the warehouses. This cannot now be sent forward without great risk and high premiums of insurance, on account of the hurricane months having arrived : had, therefore, letters been despatched in the former regular course, vessels might have been ordered out to have brought it away before the Ist August, after which no vessel is considered to be insured at the old rate, the policy being looked upon as void, if she sail after July 31. The intelligence from Demerara is rather better, but still sufficiently bad to create some alarm. The negroes appear to have come to a determination not to work, but to support themselves- on the produce of small plots of ground, which they have acquired by savings from their wages. This want of labour having been supplied, the quantity of the staple ar ticles has not generally been sufficient to meet the ex penses of the estates. The dates from Mexico are, from Vera Cruz to the Bth, and Tampico to the 9th August. Scarcely any alteration had taken place in commercial or political matters. CLOSING PRICES. BRITISH FUNDS. • Bank Stock 3 per Cent. Red. 93 3 per Cent. Cons 92f 3f per Cent. Red — New 3f per Cent... loli New 5 per Cen: Long Annuities to expire Jan. 1860 ...... Oct. 1859 Jan. 1860 ...... 12f FOREIG. India Stock Ditto Bonds . . 37 pm Ditto Old Annuities ... Ditto New A nnuities... Ex. Bills, 1,000/ 2d. 49 pm Ditto 5001...... 49 pm Ditto Small ..... . 49 pm Bank Stock for Openg.l67 India Stock for Acct... Consols for Acct. FUNDS. Austrian, 5 per cent. — Belgian, 5 per cent lO3 Brazilian Bonds... Buenos Ayres6 per cent. Chilian, 6 per cent Colombian, 6 per cent — Ditto, 1824 Danish, 3 per cent Greek, 1825, 5 per cent — Mexican, 5 per cent Ditto, 6 per cent. 1837 Peruvian, 1825, 6 per ct. Portuguese, 5 per cent. Ditto, New Ditto Prussian, 5 per cent. Russian, 5 pei cent..... Ditto, Metallic . Spanish, 5 per cent...... 16i Ditto, Deferred . French, 5 per cent —f. —e. Exchange —f —c. French, 3 per cent —f. —c. Dutch, 2i per cent. 521 Ditto, to per cent. .. 102/ • SHARES. Birmingham and Derby Railway (100 pd 41 Eastern Counties Railway (23 paid) Ditto New Shares ( paid) ..... 8/ 4s 2d Edinburgh and Glasgow (50 paid) ....•• 484 Ditto New Shares ( 5 paid Great Western Railway (65 paid)........... Ditto New Shares ( 50 paid).• Ditto Fifth (4 paid) London and Brighton (50 paid) 33 London and Blackwall ( paid) 7k London and Birmingham (90) Ditto New Shares ( 2 paid) ........ 30 London - and South Western (41/ 6 s 10d pd) 59 Manchester and Birmingham (40 paid)...... 234 Paris and Rouen (18 paid) South Eastern and Dover (50 paid) ... — Ditto Scrip (10 paid) York and North Midland (50 paid) 9O COURSE OF EXCHANGEL.(YESTERDAY. 1 Amsterdam CF. 12 9 Gibraltar .. Ditto, at sight Rotterdam - 2U. 12 9 Genoa Antwerp Hamburgh 51.8 13 15 Venice Altona Paris, 3 days' sight ... 25 65 Palermo, per oz 11% Ditto, 3 months 25 90 Lisbon Marseilles Bourdeaux 25 95 Rio Janeiro 234 Frankfort on Maine... IM* Bahia Petersburgh, 3Us ... 36* Buenos Ayres Berlin 7 New York, 21 days sight 46i Vienna, effec. fl. 3 M 959 Philadelphia 46 Trieste, ditto Madrid Cadiz Bilbao 36 Barcelona Seville micas OF BULLION, PER OZ. Foreign Gold, bars £3 17 9 Portugal Geld Coin 3 17 New Doubloons 'o 0 0 New Dollars 0 4 10 Silver in Bars... 0 4 11 ORIGIN OF THE IRISH ARISTOCRACY.—(By Lord Chancellor Clare.) —His (Cromwell's) first act was to collect all the native Irish who had survived the geiiieral desolation and remained in the country, and to trans plant them into the province of Connaught, which had been completely depopulated and laid waste in the pro gress of the rebellion. They were ordered to retire there by a certain day., and forbidden to.repass the river Shan non en pain of death ; and this sentence of deportation was rigidly enforced until the Restoration. Their adcient possessions were seized and given up to the conquerors, as were the possessions of every man who had taken part in the rebellion, or followed the fortunes of the King after the murder of Charles I. And this whole fund was dis-. tributed among the officers and soldiers of Cromwell's army, in sati.faction of the arrears of their pay, and ad venturers who had advanced money to defray the ex penses of the war. And thus a 'thew colony of settlers, composed 4-- 7 of all the sects which then infested Englan . Independents, Anabaptists. Seceders, Brownists, Soci nians, Millenarians, and Dissenters of every '.de scription, many of them infected with the leaven of democracy—poured into Ireland, and went into posses sion of the ancient inheritance of its inhabitants ; and I speak with great personal respect of the men, when I state that a very consicl,:rnhle 'portion of the opid-n-t , a poWer of the kiigdoin of Ireland centres at this day in the descendants of the motley collection of English ad venturer& ' '‘. A - MBURGH. MAIL. 21. 4 .-1 he reform in the Post-office which has longlen announced in - the kingdom of , .1 Poland, has now:taken place, and this department, l .:'„* j ,,! like all the braneljes:of the administration, is regulated ff More on Russian;principles. Hitherto there was only - . - one rate of4postdge for the whole -kingdom; without i f , ,regard to the distance, the first from 5 to 100 wersts; The second, from., ,lti to 200 wersts ; and the third, :ro t from 200 to 700 wersts ; besides ten per cent. for the - ; 5 8 roadS. The carriage for parcels is likewise regulated , - . 1 , 3 1 according to the distance. ALTONBURG, AUG. 29.—The Crown Prince of . Hanover is expected here ; but it is said that his mar - .- riage with our amiable Princess Mary will not take' „ii) place till January or February next year. The Es'• tates of the Duchy in the Assembly last week voted a portion of 30,000 dollars to the bride. CHRISTIANA, AUG. 20.—The lung gave his sanc tion on the 20th, to the penal code voted by the Storthing. There is a general report that his Majesty will shortly arrive here to close the Storthing in person. 30 CHEMNITZ, SEPT. I.—(From the Leipsic Gazette.) —We have just received the melancholy intelligence that the town of Sayda was this morning burnt to .1 the ground, with the exception of 20 houses. A 're port states that Tetschen is in flames, and several hun dred acres of forest. They affirm at Dresden that they clearly saw the fire in the forest.--Hamburgh Papers, Sept. 6. ~/ HANOVER, SEPT. 2. ylt is said, that on the mar- J riage of the Crown Prince, at the beginning of next year, an amnesty for political offences will be pub lished. M. Hupedon, who has been to London to 1,, ; settle the long agitated question of the toll at Stade and Brunshausen, has returned to Hanover, the diffi culties, it is said, having been arranged to the satisfaee tiOn of all parties concerned.' WARSAW, AUG. 30.—0 n the 20th of this month the town of Ciechanow was destroyed by fire ; 114 houses, and 24 of the large establishments, are re- A duced to ashes ; 300 families have lost every thing The value of the furniture, &c., destroyed is a million ' of. Polish florins (167,000.:rix dollars). The harvest is over in almost the whole kingdom; it is very abundant ;-oats less so than other kinds of !, - grain. We have not yet had any very oppressive heat. --Prussian State Gazette, Sept. 4. DUTCH FUNIN..—AMSTERDAM, SEPT. 6. , Money. Bills. Actual Dtbt, 2 54 per Cent Jitto, ditto 5 per cent. Nitwit Svndic,4% percent. ll4 yi, 144% DAM, ditto, Ohi per cent 77% ilk Commercial Company, 4% per cent 141% 424 Ditto (1835 and 1837) 5 per cent. ...... Loan 1837, 5 per c5nt...... ................ Exchange on London, One month l2 28% .: Twomonths ..... ~„ Hamburgh, One month as 81 u • Two months .... Dutch Papers, Sept. 7. A USTRI A N "'U N LS.—VIENNA, AUG. 30 Five per Cents. Metalliques • ICB% ' Four per Cents Three per Cents Bank Shares i.e. ..... ea ..... 1631 Ailtgemeine Zeitung, Sept. & . , HAMBU RUH BORSEN HALLE, Sim. 6. Bills: Money. Austrian 5 per Cents. Bank Shares Anglo. Russian Loan 109% 109% Russian 51,er Cent., Ist series, Certificate 103% 103% Inscription, let series ll3 Russian 5 per Cent. Hope and Co., 3d and 4th Series..... .. 87 97% Ditto in Certificates 9 7% New 4 per lent. (1840) 89% S9' Dutch Actual Debt, 234 per Cent. ......... Ditto 5 per Cent. Polish Bonds New Tickets ... 168 , ,;{ -. Anglo-Danish Loan, 3 per Cent. Bl Spanish, New 5 p r Cents. lB EXCHANGES ON LONDOI'. HAMBURGH, SEM 6.-13 9%, Two months 13 8. RIGA, AVG 17. —Three Months, 38. VIENNA. A UG. 10.-1 Ines months. 9. 44%. PRUSSIAN FUNDS.—BERLIN, Bills. Money St. Schuld Sch., 4 per cent. lO4 11.3% Prussian English Bond, 1530, 4 per cent. It2lfi -- Exchange on London -- 6 V*34 Prussian State Gazette, Sept. 4. JUSTICES' JUSTICE. . On Thursday se'nnight, in the Dover . Police-0 1 u° James Fitzjames and Edward Gladstone, comedian`' were charged by Frederick Fox Cooper with assault ing him on the previous evening. The charge lieirf proved against Fitzjames, he was fined 10s., well"' ing costs. The same parties were then charged with threaten. ing the life of Mr. Cooper that morning'; and were required to find two sureties in 291. each, to keep t",," peace for two months, and in default were committe d '. They found bail after being confined about three e " four hours. From this incarceration arose a charge on their po; d against the gaoler and turnkey of Dover Gaol , i exceeding their duty in causing their hair to h ° cropped after the fashion of common felons, duril the short time they were in their custody while was procuring, according to the decision above. e Magistrates met on Friday to investigate the e a ' when Mr. Bass appeared as the solicitor for the COW; plainants, and submitted that, although in order bring the matter b e for e th e J us ti ces , h e h a d ti" v " -- the parties to take out summonses for asmults, the proper course would be to treat the matter as one Ii volving a tyrannical excess of their duty .on the P,..4 of the officers, to which course the Magistrates assee; o : Mr. Fitzjames was sworn, and stated that on hew,7i placed in custody till they found hail, they anit i : t o themselves with singing the song of " All's 14 ° ,;:y when the gaoler came to them, and threatened, if they did not leave off singing, to place them where w c ie would not get bail for three days. He then Itir them take off their coats and hats, and tuck up ti" rt , shirt. sleeves. After this their hair was'croppeds ll %e by order of the gaoler. They were placed' among `, debtors; but were ordered not to speak. They t ur u t key told them they must pick oakum, or go N vitln i , their dinner. He (Mr. Fitzjames) declined h' t to The gaoler threatened that if they did not eonforra the rules of the prison they would he publicly whiPr o He clearly understood that if he did not pick he would have no dinner. The gaoler's manner such as to intimidate him. Gladstone asked the 11:; geon if it was necessary they should have their fli e r cut. The surgeon said he thought not. The go, be said, "If you do not submit to the rules, you wil l . placed upon bread and water." They both rem e„ i i strated with the gaoler on having their hair cut; °'7 35 Mr. Gladstone requested him to wait till their friers returned with bail. Their hair was, cut off a bout rie quarter of an hour after they were put into gaol. ° I of their friends stated, in the hearing of the vo le that he would go and get bail for them. it Mr. Gladstone corroborated the statement of - Fitzjames, and added, that they expostulated with officers not to take off their Bair, as they wo uld bailed in a few minutes, and the want of their b 0 would be detrimental to them in their profession actors. To this the turnkey replied, in jest, tha t would cut off their heads if the gaoler bid him. c a The gaoler stated, that while in his house he het' a noise some time after the complainants were 10 1 '; up, on which he went to the gaol, and found the if bellowing and singing. He informed there, tit be they infringed the rules of the prison, they . ,woulle placed in solitary confinement for three days. t o admitted that he ordered the complainants t.°,, o ,g " cropped," and subjected to the same treatnl e g, e i other prisoners committed for misdemeanour. .-LP o f had been examined by Mr. Coleman, the surgeoto the gaol. They were clean. They neither of asked him to have their hair left on. He told 3 13 0 donald to treat these men as misdemeanants. ge e re bound to take their description. All prisoners 'f', o treated in the same way, and the rules of the Pri s e s left him no alternative. Persons of the higher ca- in , of society, he said, had been served similarly ; an d,O stanced a Mr. Baring and a Mr. Beresford, who 11 their hair cropped in Dover gaol. Mr. Coleman, jun., surgeon, had examine d , t r complainants in gaol. He told Mr. Coultha ra rt should treat them as other prisoners - and thoug o the gaoler did quite right. He did not sly it unn ece3sary to Icut their hair. He thought it s' ef about two o'clock when he examined them. were treated the same as other. prisoners. lie no harshness exercised towards -them by the goo;., ti The gaoler did not tell him for what complain s were committed. Mr. Robins said he went to the, gaol to offer - about three o'clock. ° 4 3 3 Mr. Fitzjames said—There was no noise ; merely sang. lo t e The turnkey, on being examined, said he did i hear the complainants sing when they were in pris - r d, When the process of " cropping"'was going forry 3 b o one of the parties being cropped requested that t re hair might be left alone, as he was an actor, apd loss of it would be injurious to him in his business. or told them if they did not pick oakum they would , no dinner. One of the Justices said, the case for their co n ch deration was, whether the officers had exceeded. t 'die duty ; and if not, whether they had been harsh In exercise of it. tlO t Mr. Bass submitted that they had done both .-- 0 1, they ought not to have entrapped the surgeon in t C l e rs order to treat these gentlemen as other priserivii without having informed him that they wer e c ibre waiting for bail; that they had evidently know -c o : that bail was about to be given, as a person, in t V hearing of the gaoler, had told the parties th a d he would go and fetch bail, and that the necessitY °' e e case did not require any such severity as had t he used ; and he, then left the case to the decision ei t he Bench, quite confident that they would, as well for le ot sake of justice as for the honour of the town , Pre - the perpetration of such outrages by their offieer' e The Court was then cleared ; and after beil"Z.ere delib er ation a considerable time, the parties for' called in, and the Mayor said the Bench had , a s ioll well weighing the evidence, come to the conehltiol that the governor of the gaol was perfectly ju s t 0 . 0"; in ordering the hair of the prisoners to be ell oly and, therefore, they dismissed the case.—Bel k ' server of Thursday. The account voyage to 00, which appeared in The Sun of yesterday, lv ss • '•." from the Scotsman. 'LER m A PERTH, Tut loyalty and g Majesty from awaited her on about eleven 0 journ traza v t h drio i eoo c ut tung h gg:rhh t ehi h tnt har. e deet l i (Inui t ino o r y lnuci, • and ey north' and devices l shout 9; j oy. At confii ten miles distal teraects the-Oc is a narrow ri tin length, and The Farg, an i ders down the barro w is the 1; l'eczn for the each otl: .r. A 1n Pas Foe. an.o tut d r side cleft Wooded to fie Vindin;;s of thit the ty e of pr t a rn ze n l ia .l3ll : h "; °°° 'cascades of f sire ing from this de ra e(4 . lth_ e Ear .lea an exte 45U cinB-, 1 , . This ferti enric le ai hed by th e the nob' lity and and relined tas leauty. Her cutting right its verge, then ti hills, proceeded Might Hon. the at t w o o'clock. (GI the noble fat tutus dejeuner. "best views of the and west. Seel country has the a fenced in by hit fled with lawn while its serpeir with •Aany far t; deputation t he Lrrd Provo Fecaivtd at Dui 113 F,. an address t Prom Dupplil and prominent o lain rise s 706 fat -under cultivatiot being richly vv-.:( tuinences of rod( tanee of about t carried over the now reduced tc ascending this el ti nily shut out b earn, but uT;on ty ence upon th e v i le held as unsur i ler Maj esty ' s wi e nrng tbis si 04 the apturet, witl exclaim,—" .Ece Behold i:oe lie re her Alaje lovel y Lao scope N a PPeared to be hi %prise excited] s.Pect no ,v unfold ItS C OMporieut p i lof ty hill o f Ki n of the s.?a, attrac 'With Cheerful vil southern front riwea vocks, ha' tulle" ext eels tha t mated tolhe east the t f a u ns. e e n ic r p ei h i : n: P° ab e , l ' i: ' d i l ! s i gf te t o t al if i r n : o l l ) . wt rti , l o in Qii* river, I den te ll which eni es r oth e Yuo s aaltwf i a't‘. as elelnt s the edelP. f di°d' c'(111 cl 'princely fabric, -policies in which of Scotland were lortsly interesting i tory Scone is in stretches northw Alpine sublimity rang e of the Gras in the body of th towering grandeu tange, until the I)iercing peaks. --=` Icene beheld by tireumstances tha. Victoria. Ti. a forth in all its b ov'west, cast i ng his tver the enc h antit ton o f light and s tints of autumn ha trees, touching th a l full flowin g tid e t g. on its g l assy v isitanturden, all glitt er bescending fro' eminence, the Qu i throngh the the hihe S outh Inch, 0 gh gr oun d s ' t And alon g the NTH peetators greeted itueved along. Al eeived by the M ai ~ord Provost, in xeys of the c it y, returned by the 8 Were now thrown Passed through ash which had Is almost inci!edit g a tee and henuty t he he 1 1 .o'riltt 41,1:f3eta::Pialpine:Tadr t(*t'l'hirdln4eir ldoBf(-til‘ t he merit oft)nt des g b t "4sion. Its conti wav e d in i fie other s sicl th e Yteq. Perth inisters dressed I,;l,g'ist.rates and C high eonstables if oVeeign and 11 through Prince's-s tr eet, to the briclg street% were occ tra des, and prof, .441 liveries. 'n i ii,cers, aided by i ° eart, ng a white * , l I ll it c a le. t i e e u is gl e t i t, ‘ ll ' I t tu!: tlislNl:alS:ael) dtkl.e Wa irlg hai mie ged the univer I°4s with muc Iclll4ltitaide which beyondflight do '°,oo to 50,000 All wa s re :4q accide n t occur] N. down to sp a . i:l ,honour f sr the I.,.(''flured light s it di e kajesty hoc ki t e eP in tb uing nt Scone P EDINBuI THE LA: The Town Cou 11 1 ‘' n. lerst Go d that a titl mding o f h e Al of interest A the Chair. U pon the rea d re ) referredi r ‘,lic t o elh to the l a Zr. DECD rote th subject : `` That th e Coi beet! •renee of Thus elltraoee into, and .„pied by U