The Sun. — London, England, 1849-09-25 00:00:00

And this non-observance resulting from the nature of the elements which constitute the supreme power, and which divest it of all real responsibility, will in crease so much the more as through your work the illegal war of secret associations will be subeti.uted for legal and public agitation; and—may God forbid it l—the daggers of an incensed population, despair ing of all legal protection, may seek to assert those rights which the law is unable to defend. Physical misery, financial ruin, and the anarchy inseparable from the contempt in which their rulers are held, will aggravate the contest amongst the different ele ments which compose the state. In the meantime you hare the old Government unconditionally restored and the spy system returning into use with the men—not of Pius IX., bat of Pope Gregory — masters at Rome and in the Provinces. You wished to maintain, to increase French influence in Italy ; and you have destroyed it ; destroyed it with the people whom you have iniquitously and ungrate fully robbed of their liberty and independence; de stroyed it with the people's oppressors, because, by condescending to ally yourselves with them, you have liberated them from the fears with which you had inspired them ; you have lost it with the satellites of the Papacy, because your situation in the face of France obliges you to annoy them with suggestions of concessions which they neither will nor can admit, without denying the principle which sustains them, and digging their own grave. Your influence in Italy consisted in the hopes which the people per sisted in nourishing on your account, and in the sword of Damocles which you held suspended over the heads of the princes. Now you are despised by one party and abhorred as traitors by the other. The French name is a mark of scorn from one end of Italy to the other, and will remain so until unmis takeable facts convince the world that France is re awakened to the consciousness of her mission. You wished to rebuild a throne, and give new lustre to the papacy; I will toll you in what you have succeeded. You have raised the religious ques tion, and given the finishing blow to a falling institu tion. You aimed at saving the sovereign, and you have killed the Pope : destroying the moral prestige which surrounded him, by the aid of your arms — degrading in the eyes of Italy him who is the sole arbiter of the religious question, by foreign support ; and separating him from his people by a torrent of blood. In that blood the papacy was stifled. The only means of saving it—the only means of with drawing it from the foreign influence which is its ruin, was to snatch it from the sphere of political influences to the more pure and independent one of the soul. You have now closed for ever the last road to safety. The papacy is extinct. Rome and Italy will never forgive the Pope for having, as in the middle ages, cal!ed in foreign bayonets to transfix Italian breasts. You are beginning now, gentlemen, to understand these things. Your cabinet conceals secrets of discomfiture, and dissipated illusions of a system of policy wavering between Paris and Gaeta, which will soon be revealed. You hear the low mur murs of Rome's vengeance. The Roman Republic has fallen; bucits right lives immortal, a phantom that will often rise to disturb your dreams. And it shall be our care to evoke it. The political question is intact. The Roman Consti tuent Assembly, by declaring that it yielded solely to force, without entering into any condition, or becom ing a party to any unworthy compromise, took from you every basis of legal action. We have not capitulated. Rome's right exists as strong as on the day when the Republic was first inaugurated. Defeat has left it unchanged. The vote of the populations, legally and freely expressed, remains a normal con• dition of life, from which no ens can now retreat. You dare not deny that right; in all that has passed, you have but sought to weaken and to render doubtful its expressions. And the defeat of those whom you falsely denominated as factious, removing, even in the opinions of those who believed in you, every obstacle to the free voting of the populations, has rendered the right of voting only more urgent and more sacred. For us, for those who feel with us, the right of Rome has deeper root and other hopes than those which are merely local. The roots of Rome's right embrace in their ramifications the whole of Italy ; the hopes of Rome are the hopes of the Italian nation, whose re-awakening neither your nor any other's veto can prevent. God decreed that, awakening on the day when all monarchical delusions overcome one by one, when all false ideas of leagues and federations which an erroneous doctrine had tried to implant amongst us had been e x piated by martyrdom, the Italian national instinct raised within the ancient capital the banner of national unity, and declared that God and the people should henceforth be the only masters in Italy. Rome is the centre of Italy : the palladium of the Italiam, mission ; and the city in which broods the secret of our future religious life can patiently endure the brief delay which your arms have unexpectedly caused to the development of its destinies. You are Ministers of France, gentlemen—l am only an exile ; you have power, gold, armies, and multitudes of men dependent on your nod. I have only consolation in a few affections, and in the breath of heaven, which speaks to me from the Alps of my country, and of which you, inexorable in persecution, as are all those who fear, may yet deprive me. Yet I would not exchange my fate with yours. I bear with me in exile the calm inspired by a pure conscience. I can fearlessly raise my eyes to meet those of other men, without the dread of meeting any one who can say to me, " You have deliberately lied." I have combated, and will combat again, without pause as without fear, wherever I may be, the wicked oppres sors of my country—falsehood, in whatever shape she may clothe herself; and the powers which, like yours,. rely upon maintaining or reinstituting the reign of privilege, upon corruption, upon blind force, and upon the negation of the progress of the peoples ; but I have fought with loyal arms; never have I sullied myself by calumny, or degraded myself by using the word assassin against one unknown to me, and who was perhaps better than myself. God save you, gen tlemen, from dying in exile, because you have no such consciousness with which to console yourselves. September, 1840. GUISEPPE CHEAPENING DWELLINGS FOR THE POOR.—It is supposed that one-fourth of the cost of a dwelling which lets for half-a-crown or three shillings a week, is caused by the expense of the tide-deeds and the tax on wood and bricks used in its construction. Of course the owner of such property must be remunerated, and he therefore charges lid. or 9d. a week to cover these burdens. Government affect to regret that the working classes are crowded together, which looks very like hypocrisy, as it is in their power to prevent it by re ducing the price of buildings, and, consequently, lessen ing rents.—Builder. SHOCKING CASE OF RAPE AND MURDER.--At Aberdeen, on Wednesday, the trial of James Robb, aged 19, a labourer, indicted for the aggravated crimes of rape and murder, took place in the Hie h Court of Justiciary, Lefore the judges Lord Moncrietf and Lord Cockburn. On the night of the 9th of April last the prisoner feloni ously entered the house of a woman named Mary Smith, being in a lonely situation in the parish of Auchterlen, Aberdeenshire. It appeared he obtained admission by descending the chimney, and, seizing her, perpetrated with great violence the outrage described in the libel. She struggled violently to free herself from the prisoner, who struck her with an iron instrument over her head and other parts of her body, and eventually suffocated her by forcing articles into her mouth and up her nos trele, death immediately ensuing. The jury, after half an-hour's consultation, returned an unanimous verdict of " Guilty of rape and murder," but with a recommen dation to mercy, on account of the prisoner having no intention to commit the crime of murder. Mr. Shand, on the part of the prisoner, instanced a case which was tried at Glasgow in 1826, when a boy 12 years of age, who caused the death of a woman by a stroke of a ham mer, was sentenced to transportation for life, on the plea of having had no intent to commit murder. Mr. Mait land, ire reply, stated that there had been specialities in the ease referred to which did not exist in the present, and though the jury in this instance saw no specific in te'etion to cause death, yet the libel was proved. Lord :oloncrieff told the prisoner that, as he had been found guilty of two capital offences, there could be no sentence but death passed upon him. Lord Cockburn then rose, amidst the most breathless silence, and in the usual form sentenced the prisoner to be executed at Aberdeen on the 16th of October next. - - —--- ACCIDENT —TO THE DUKE OF lIAMILTON.—Near Wishew, on Tuesday last, an accident happened to this venerable nobleman, which might have been attended with very serious consequences, but happily his Grace escaped with only a few slight cuts and bruises. On the afternoon of that day, as his Grace was returning from a visit to Wishaw-house, shortly after ho left the house the horse o n w hi c h h o was r i d i ng stum b led and fe ll , an d the Duke was pitched forward upon his head in the road. With such force was he thrown, that his head was sent completely t h rough his hat, the crown of which was driven out to some distance. Hi s G race was ra i se d b y two men who Lappened to be passing, and who, with the groom in attendance, rendered every necessary assist ance. lli 3 Grace received some severe cuts on the face, which bled consider a bl y , b ut beyond that he was little hurt. Lord and L a dy B e l haven were immediately n four ed of the accident, and i n a few minutesafter its occurrence were with the Duke, and assisted him to where hi s injuries were return to Wishaw-house, dressed, and he was shortly afterwards enabled to return to Hamilton-palace in Lord Belhaven's carriage.—Gi as . you' Saturday l'ost. ILLNESS OF THE BISHOP OF LLANDAFF.—It is With deep regret we have to acquaint the diocese, and the public generally, that our respected Bishop has been compelled to postpone his ordination, in consequence of severe illness; and we are sorry to add, the milady con tinues of so painful and depre . .3sing a character that his Lordship is necessitated to give up all episcopal duty for the present. Our correspondent, writing under the date of yesterday morning, says:—" The Bishop of Llandaff still continues seriously ill, often suffering severe pain, passing restless nights; but, though extremely weak, we are happy to learn that his Lorddlip,is not considered to be in a dangerous condition."—Monmouthshire Socrti AMERICA.—LIVERPOOL, MONDAY.--The Emilia, Captain 'Judson, has brought one day later from Rio Janeiro (July 27). Exchange was somewhat firmer, and freights had an upward tendency. ~~ 1,..IMILAM111•11• MRS. TROLLOPE'S NEW NOVEL. Now ready, at all the Libraries, in 3 vols., THE OLD WORLD and the NEW. By Mrs. TROLLOPE. Author of "Father Euitace," " The Lottery of Maniage," C. Henry Colburn, publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-stl eet. people who were bound to obey—that the dictates of the lawgiver should be pronounced in such a form as to render them of easy comprehension and of easy recollection. This was no less due to the sworn interpreters and administrators of the law than to the community in general. He thought that the Government who neglected to provide a simple digest of the law, more especially of the criminal law, was guilty of a gross breach of duty towards its subjects, and he could not rest contented while such negligence could fairly be ascribed to him. He found that an A immense quantity of matter must be waded through by those who entered upon legal studies that the published reports of cases in the different courts filled more than five hundred vo lumes, while the statutes at large extended over nearly forty thousand quarto pages : although the five codes of NAPOLEON, containing a full and com plete exposition of the laws of France, had been com pressed into 750 duodecimo pages—less, in fact, than the enactments passed for the parish of Marylebone alone within the last half century. He accordingly issued in 1833 the celebrated Commission for Amend ing and Digesting the Law, which, through the laud able decision of Sir JAMES GEAfIAM, and other members of the PEEL Ministry, was continued, and has now almost concluded its labours. In May, 1848, he brought forward a Bill enacting a criminal code, defining all crimes and their punishments, which he avowed his intention of speedily following with another measure enacting a code of criminal vented the inhabitants from opening their gates to the French troops, 21Azziets alys— " The number of foroiplera' who assisted in the de fence of Rome eas from 1,400 to 1500 men; from 1,400 to 1,500 men amorg4 a total of 14,000; for it is well that Italy should knew that 14,000 men, a young army without traditions, aid improvised under the very fire of the enemy, held in check for two months 30,000 soldiers of France. You know all this, gentle men, or you could have known it, and therefore you ought to have done so ; and nevertheless you shame lessly gave cut to the Assembly the number of foreigners' as 20,300, as a proof that after all it was not the Roman idea tlat you had endeavoured. to stifle in blood; and upon this cipher of your own in. vention depends the greater part of your argument. Foreigners ! I entreat pardon of my country for having inscribed the word, after you, upon my page. What ! Lombards, Tuscans, Italian:. foreigners at Rome ! And it is by you, Frenchmen, by you who in re-establishing the Pontifical throne, have been supported by Austrians and Spaniards, that this reproach is made. A year ago our provinces sent the elite of their youth to fight upon the plains of Lombardy as toa convention of honour; but I do not remember that Rade zky ever called them in his proclamations foreigners. The absolute denial of Italian nationality has been reserved for the nephew of him who, at St. Helena, uttered these words:—' Unity of manners, of language, of literature, show that Italy is des tined to form a single country.' " The number of foreigners, properly so called, who were fighting in the Roman ranks was only 300, viz., 200 Poles, and the Foreign Legion of 100. The rest were all Italians. But it is a work of sup:rerogation to expose any further the misrepresentations of men, who stand, as stand the Ministers of the Trench Republic, self-con victed of falsehood. In the French Constituent As sembly M. ODILON BARROT solemnly declared on the 16th of April last— " We are not going to Italy to impose a government, neither that of the Republic nor any other We do not wish to employ the forces of France to de fend in Rome one form of government or another. No ; our intention is to be present at the events which may eccur in the double interest of our own influence, and of liberty, which may be jeopirdised.' "The declaration of the French corps of occupation to the President of Civita Vecchia, dated the 24th of April, declared that the French Government would respect the voice of the majority of the Roman popula tions . . . . and that it would never impose upon them any form of government.' "On the 26th General Oudinot repeated that the object of the French was not to exercise any oppressing influence, nor to impose any government upon the Ro , mans against their will." And yet on the 7th of August M. DE FALLoux, with a coolness that on any other occasion would have been quite farcical, declared that from the commence ment the object of the expedition had been to restore the PoPE and priestly government absolutely without conditions ; that from the beginning of these trans actions-himself and his colleagues had deliberately lied to the Assembly and to France, but that the lie was so transparent that none could have been deceived by it, and, perhaps, had the Assembly and France been then so perfectly aware of the character of M. DE Fannoux and his colleagues as they are at present, none would have been deceived by it. With a Ministry which boasts of its proficiency in the art of falsehood, there can be no room for argu ment, they are at once put out of court, and their assertions are nothing worth unless corroborated by untainted evidence. It' is perfectly supererogatory, therefore, for us to continue our work of refutation, as every unsupported assertion of DE FALLOUX and Co. must henceforth be considered by every man who has any regard for truth as non avenue. We would, however, commend to the especial meditation of M DE FALLOUX and hiS colleagues the eloquent perora tion of the admirable letter of Mezzos : " You are Ministers of France, gentlemen—l am only an exile ; you have power, gold, armies and multitudes of men dependent on your nod. I have only consolation in a few affections, and in the breath of heaven, which speaks to me from the Alps of my country, and of which you, inexorable in persecution, as are all those who fear, may yet deprive me. Yet I would not exchange my fate with yours. I bear with me in exile the calm inspired by a pure conscience. I can fearlessly raise my eyes to meet those of other men, without the dread of meeting any one who can say to me, You have deliberately lied.' I have corn bated, and will combat again, without pause as without fear, wherever I may be, the wicked oppressors of my c ountry—falsehood, in hatever shape she may clothe herself, and the powers which, like yours, rely upon maintaining or reinstituting the reign of privilege, upon corruption, upon blind force, and upon the negation of the progress of the people ; but I have fought with loyal arms; never have I sullied myself by calumny, or de gradd myself by using the word assassin against one unknown to me, and who was. perhaps, better than myself. God save you, gentlemen, from dying in exile, because you have no such consciousness with which I console yourselves." AND NEW WORK BY SIR JAMES ALEXANDER. Immediately, in 2 vols., with Illustrations, 21s. bound, L' A C A D I E ; Or, SEVEN YEARS' EXPLORATIONS in BRITISH AMERICA, With sketches of its Natural History, Social and Sporting Scenes, &C. By Sir JAMES E. ALEXANDER, K.L.S., &C. On the Staff of the Commander of the Forces in Canada, Author of " Travels in the East, in Africa," &C. Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street. UNIFORM WITH " ALISON'S HISTORY OF EUROPE." In Monthly Volumes, neatly bound, price 65. each. 34R. PRESCOTT'S HISTORICAL WORKS. A. The REIGN of FERDINAND and ISABELLA. The CONQUEST of MEXICO. The CONQUEST of PERU. The first Volume to appear on the Ist of OCTOBER. Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street. Orders:received by all Booksellers. THEATRE ROYAL HAY MARKET. The public is respectfully informed that this popular establishment will OPEN for the Season On MONDAY, October 1. On MONDAY, Oct. 5, Mr. MACRE ADY will make Iris first ap pearance In London since his return f: mu America, and commence his first series of his Farewell Performances previous to his retire mbnt from the stage at the end of June next. Due notice will be given of the appearance of Mr. and Mrs. KEAN. On MONDAY, Oct. 1, will be presented a COMEDY, and other Entertainments. The Box-office will be open on Thursday, under the direction of Mr. I. T. Archer. THEATRE ROYAL, ADELPIII. Under the direction oi Madame Celeste- TIHS EVENING, Will be performed SWEETHERRTS AND WIVES. After which a new Farce, entitled A BIRD OF PASSAGE. Mr. Carry Chick, Mr. Wright; Mr. Chaunt Ginger, Mr. Paul Bedford ; Mr. Charles Pusher, Mr. Boyce; Ernest Hopeful, Mr. Worrell; Mrs. Waters Rummer, Mrs. Frank Matthews. To be followed toy the Farce of SLASHER AND CRASELET. Mr. Slasher. Mr. Wright ; Mr. Crasher, Mr. Paul Bedford. To conclude with THE MARRIED BACHELOR, procedure. Lord BROUGHAM has himself explained, in the letter to which we have repeatedly alluded, the manner in which this most important Bill has been retarded by the inexplicable ne glect and apathy of the English Judges, who should of all others be most anxious to aid in carrying his Lordship's praiseworthy intentions into execution, for they would thereby be spared much trouble and vast responsibility. But although letters were addressed by his Lordship, as Chairman of the Select Committee to which the Bill had been referred, the sessions of 1848 and 1849 were suffered to elapse without a single response having been elicited from any of these learned personages. It is said that " silence gives consent." His Lordship, therefore, reasonably enough conceives that " the Judges of England are, generally speaking, satisfied with the Digest, and have no corrections to offer which they deem of sufficient importance to call for the consi deration of the Lords." • ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE. Proprietor, Mr. W. Batty. Positively the Last Six Nights of Mazeppa. Under the Patronage of her Majesty the Queen, nis Itoyal Highness Prince Albert, &c. In compliance with numerous requests at the Box-office, the po pular Spectacle of MAZEPPA ; or, the Wild Horse, will be pro duced with great splendour THIS EVENING, To be followed by an inimitable display of SCENES IN THE CHICLE. In which Marie Macarte will appear, supported by the first Equestrian talent of the day. To conclude with a favourite Farce. Box-office open from Eleven till Four. Stare Manager. Mr. W. West. BIGII WATER AT LONDON BKIDDE. Nue DAY —Morning, 14 min . after 7 1 Evening, 645 min. after 7 t o-MogßoW—Miming, 2 3:: min. after I Evening , min. after 9 TO CORRESPONDENTS. "Jr. G., Floxton."—Poor Tom Hood is the author of the lines— " Rattle his hones over the stone - - He's only a pauper, whom nobody owns." They occur, if we recollect rightly, in a poem about the " Workhouse Clock." Acting on this conclusion, no further time will be lost in carrying the measure through both Houses ; and we may entertain a confident hope that the ses sion will not close without considerable progress being made in the other measures that have been promised, and that ere many years shall have elapsed the nation will be in the enjoyment of that precious blessing, " a complete body of written law, to be the rule of all men's conduct—the chart to guide all judges—the standard of the rights and duties of all." T 111.: WEATHER.—Sun OFFICE, SEPT. 25. THERMOMETER, Lowest, 48; Highest, 62; Noon, 57 BAROMETER, 29.93. Wind N.N.E.—dull cloudy weather. fiT= } 0 auk LA 11 9 rte ,4." g's 7 • , - 4 • 310 The letter of Mazzitu, the Roman Triumvir, the man who in power, as in adversity, as a ruler of his native land, as well as an exile, has ever preserved the character of being a man of perfect truth and honesty, is one of the most important historical documents that has ever appeared. It is a history of the Roman Republic of 1849, and the simple relation of the history of that Republic proves that if ever there was in the world a Government which had a right to say it was in the strictest sense of the word a popular Government, because emanating from the whole of the people it exercised power by the people, exclusively for the benefit of the people, that Govern ment was the Government of the Roman Republic. The enemies of the cause of liberty have over and over again reiterated that the Roman Republic was founded on the assassination of Count Rossi. In the French Assembly, in the English Parliament, this assertion has been repeated unue ad nauseam. It was in vain that the falsehood was exposed, it was again and again repeated, and repeated " wilfully, knowingly, and for a purpose." The refutation of this falsehood by AlAzztrir, in his letter to the French Ministers, which appears in another column, is so complete, that not even M. DE FALLOUX will venture to repeat it for some time to come at least. As is well observed by MAzziNi— " The Republic inaugurated on the 9th of February 1849, has no occasion to exculpate itself from a deed which occurred on the 16th of November, 1848, when he princely party, the Moderates, the partisans of Charles Albert, possessed the field, and drove away, or condemn( d to absolute silence, the men of the Repub lican faith. No one in Italy accuses your revolutions of having had their rise in assassination, because the Duke of Berry fell by the dagger, and five or six attempts at regicide succeeded each other in the space of two years in Paris." 'HIE FRENCH REPUBLIC. The Paris journals of yesterday have been receiv e d. The Assemblee Nat i onale is mystifying the whole capital, attracting attention to itself, and driving Red Republicanism out of its wits, from sheer vexation and bewilderment, by its revelations of even the most secret meetings of the ultra members of the Gauche and their partizans. Two or three Socialists cannot collect together to decide upon such and such a course, but INliat, lo ! the very next day every par ticular appears in the columns of the Assemblee .Nationale—names, dates, resolution s , every thi ng, w i t h the utmost particularity. Only the other day a meeting was held by a chosen few, sworn to secrecy, and there it was resolved that each should personally call on the editor, and demand his authority for stating certain facts and referring to certain names, when the next morning a report, as if t a ke n by a short-hand writer, appeared in the paper, givin g e very word that passed. The Ultras are almost beside themselves with annoyance. Meanwhile the Journal des Deb a t s h as a t a l mos t a ll the " parties" in succession. True to the hatred of M. BERTIN, senior, towards the EMPEROR, that organ opposes the cause of the Imp er i a li s t s w ith the utmost virulence. It ridicules, moreover, the fantas tic hopes of the Legitimatists. And as to the Red Republicans, it speaks of them, in it s i m pres s ion of yesterday, in the following language : " These fine fellows fling a whole nation into the water, and then cry out 'Now, swim if you can! As to ur, we shall concentrate in the delightful privacy of our families the fetes of the glorious anniversary of 1792.' And they talk of re-action! Truly, it becomes them to talk of that! What are they, if not the most backward, the most fossil of reactionists? Let us not forget that ne iwt besidessh oel D eOba t e, olayetl a bs reactionhooaant:vef: the peaiatnrhi :iy o rn f nitt she r ht e aea d i 010 allowed wp e eg e aeeo l rd s art ny a t dh n t ie d t sites ihesoet teaherree.ni,d, de a pigeon, pogafn ropteyr. a i ofs praise by France h t e bh r y e e Orleaniits ! One morning the Orleanist organ, as the Debats is beginning to be co ns id ere d, contains a vin dication of the policy of the ex-King Louis PHI LIPPE, from the pen of the ex-courtier M. CUVELLIER FLEURY. Another time it gives insertiou to an attack upon M. PAssY's system of finance, by M. DuMoN—an attack as extravagantly bitter ss that made by M. LACAVE LAPLANGE on the financial sys tem of M. GARNIER PAGES. The Roman Republic was the orderly protest of the whole Roman People against Anarchy—against .k.narchy brought about by the acts of Pio Norio, who, through treason or weakness it matters not, deserted the post which he had received a mission from Heaven (if his own account of his position be true) to guard—and, acting as chief Anarch instead of chief preserver of order, fled—a coward shepherd, leaving his flock to perish in the desert. But then we are told of the great personal risk that Pio NoNo would have run had he remained at bis post. We believe he would have been safer, and we know he would have been more independent, at Rome than at Gaeta ; but suppose he had run personal risk. Did DENIS AFFRE shrink from incurring personal risk in the execution of his duty ? It would appear that the brave Pio Norio, here tofore Count MASTAI and a soldier, is not ambitious of a commission in the Noble Army of Martyrs. In consequence of the shameful desertion, of the coward ffight of Pso NONO and the Cardinals, deserted ‘ .dp Pun Rome itTguasw tnaolonx aewdn. deputations,a datf fled, oretchodrh w i cya i tha t u h anr a o nhd d u ,e t statef wceheoi a nedvaf rti delt s t oohowrnisienG• war. It sovereign. t i st r uweael n tr.dhte .. itdwch,Ahlae T ths woGawa h t adtheoas other, or rei P enirf eeoeneuepnvmoseeite:ctredsaeal hadot:crtinevitably oyky.l Commission,ai entreat ing t l on the morning of the 9th of February that the downfal of the temporal power, and, as a consequence, the inau guration of the Republic, were proclaimed. By whom? By the Constituent Assembly of the Roman States. In what manner had that Assembly been elected? By universal suffrage. Had there been—l speak not of terror—but even any agitation, any influence illegally exercised? No, all had taken place calmly, quietly without corruption, without threats. Was the minority imposing? Out o f hundred and forty-four members present eleven voices declared against the proclamation of the Republic as inopportune; five against the aboli- Lion of the temporal power. how many amongst those whom you now stigmatise as foreigners, how many Italians born out of the Roman States were then seated upon the benches of the Assembly? Two—Garibaldi and General Ferrara. I deceive myself—Garibaldi had already set out for Rieti. It was not until some time later that Salicei, Cernuschi, Cannonieri, Dail Ongaro, and my self were elected. In what manner was the double pro clamation received by the populations? Was there through all the extent of the Roman territory a single attempt at resistance, a single mark of dissent, a single protestation in favour of the fallen power? No, not one. A few carabiniers on the frontiers of Naples de serted, perhaps imagining themselves compromised by the arrests that they had been obliged to make under Gregory. And this was all. The towns and the country saluted the Republic with a common joy. The old fnunicipalities, elected under the Papal regime, sent in their adhesion, since renewed by those elected by universal suffrage on the 11th of March. Pius IX. had still some personal friends; the Papal Government could not boast of one. And later on, atter the 30th, when the Govern ment on the eve of the quadruple invasion was obliged to concentrate its forces, and could therefore retain only a moral influence in t hel provinces—in the midst of the financial ci Lis, and in spite of the efforts of some few reactionaries, this, the conservative element of the state, renewed again the testimony of a spontaneous ad hesion to the Republic. Bologna, Ancona, Perugia, Civita Vecchia, Ferrara, Ascoli, Cesena, Fano, Faenza, Forli, Fogliao, Macerata, Narni, Pesaro, Orvieto, Ra venna, Rieti, Vitet bo, Spoleto, Urbino, Terni; two hun dred and sixty-three municipalities sent addresses de daring in the name of the populations that the abolition of the temporal power and the existence of the Republic formed henceforth a double condition of life for theßoman States." Seven communal schoolmasters in the department of the Allier have been dismissEd by the Govern ment for having taken an active part in the return of Socialist candidates at the last general elections. The VICE-PRESIDENT of the Republic, accompanied by the Ministers of Public Works and Commerce, left Paris on Sunday forenoon in the Rouen steamer, on a visit of inspection down the Seine. The works lately executed for improving the navigation of the river are to be successively visited. The inspecting party are to return to-night to Paris, by the railway. M. DE Fe LLoux.'s speedy removal to Versailles for country air is looked on as certain. Mr. RIVES, who is to succeed Mr. RUSH as Mi nister of the United States to the French Republic, has just arrived in Paris. The Three pe r C ents. c l ose d on th e P a ris Bourse on Monday, a t 55f . 90c.; the Fi ve per C en t s . a t 88f. 80c. : Orle ans R a il road Shares, 755 f. ; Rouen, 535 f.. Havre, 267 f. 50 c. ; Great Nort h ern , 438 f. 75 c . ; Vierzon, 310 f.; Basle 102 f. 50g.; Bordeaux, 408 f. 75c. , Paris and Stras ' burg, 351 f. 25c. ; Tours and Nantes, 290 f. BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE LONDON STOCK-EXCHANGE, SEPT. 24. Boulogne and Amiens, 64 —Luxembourg, I%—Ditto, 1% —Namur and Liege, 51,4—Orleans and Bourdeaux, 3% ex div.—Paris and Rouen, 21—Paris and Strasbourg, 5 Tours and Nantes, 21%. -- THE PENINSULAR MAIL. SOUTIipiPTON, MONDAY, MIDNIGra.---The steam ship Jupiter, Captain Meehan, has arrived with the usual Peninsul ar ma il s. Her d ates are —Gib ra l tar, 15th; Cadiz, IGth; and Lisbon, 19th inst. She brings ten Packages of specie and a large cargo of fruit. If this be not a popular Government, where is there such a Government to be found ? If this Assembly did not represent the will of the universal Roman people, by what means can the will of any people be ascertained ? If the French Ministers are so con vinced of the truth and justice of their cause, and of the love of the Roman people for sacerdotal rule, let them accept the challenge of MAZZINI, and, with drawing all foreign troops from the Roman territory, leave the Roman people free to choose their own form of government. Then, again, with regard to the calumnious and false assertions invented by the French parti pretre, and repeated with parrot like fidelity by the partizans of obscurantism in the English House of Peers, as to the immense number of foreigners domiciled in Rome, and who alone pre• deplorable At Lisbon fi nanc i a l a ff a i rs con ti nue i n a mos t consequence of t h e part i es comm i tt i ng l a t e robberies state, and great discontent prevailed i not having been punished. Business completely stagnant. Lisbon exchanges on London, 53-i- ; Gibraltar, ninety days, 504. - - We are authorised to state that the reports which have been circulated that tho " Hecate" had been or dered at short notice to the Cape of Good Hope are en tirely unfounded. No vessel has been ordered specially for that destination. There ought to be a healthful ambition the stub born staff of preserving longevity; it must live on, and hope for the day which comes slow or fast, whose labours discern the good,—Eliza Cook's Journal. Tlll4 STII4; LOWDONt rPriUgDAV EVPMrkTO sETorp,mwen Q$ G E II NI A N Y THI4: NORTHERN STATES. AUSTRIA AND HUNGARY. Accounts from Vienna are almost entirely engrossed by descriptions of the ides and rejoicings in honour of the conqueror of Lombardy. Among the most recent of these it is mentioned that a deputation from the commercial classes of the city of Prague presented Field-Marshal Radetzky with a laurel wreath of silver, accompanied with an earnest request that he would honour the city of Prague with a visit. The conferences still continue under the presi dency of the EMPEROR. News from the seat of war is still very dubious and confused. Rumours of all kinds continued to be afloat as to the position of affairs at Comorn ; one report being to the effect that two officers with flags of truce had gone from that fortress on the 16th inst. to the camp of NUGEAT at Acs. ThiS rumour, how ever, was given upon no credible authority. An insurrectionary movement appears to have been attempted in Servia, but, according to the Agram Gazette, had been rapidly suppressed. From llermannstadt we learn that on the 14th Field-Marshal Lieutenant Count CLAM-GALLAS is sued an address of thanks to the National Guards of Scl.iissburg, and dismissed them to their homes in Transylvania, their services being no longer required. The journals of Pesth announce that the shootings and hangings of the different prisoners of war had now changed into imprisonments with-hard labour. The state of siege is about to be removed from Vienna. VIENNA, SEPT. 19.—Accounts from Raab stato that the whole of that neighbourhood is filled with the various bodies of troops who are to form the besieging army at Comorn. Private letters state that two other plenipotentiaries, with a flag of truce from the fortress, arrived at General NUGENT'S camp on the eve of the day before yesterday. The Wanduer says the state of siege of Vienna and the suburbs is to he raised on the 4th of next month. The Wiener Zeitung of the 19th contains the appointment of Field-Marshal VON HESS as Chief of the General Quarter. Master's Staff of the Royal Imperial army. The same paper contains a provi sional regulation fur the formation of the panel for the censorship of the press. The Polytechnic School at Vienna is to be re opened on the Ist October. The Vienna Zeitung says that the report of the arrest of BEM by by the Russian troops has not been confirmed. The Wanduer says that we learn that Russia has offered to contribute a considerable part of the proposed loan of sixty millions. According to an inspection of the besieging corps of Comorn, it appears that General NUGENT com menced his offensive movements towards the Sandberg and the tete de pont, on the 15th. With regard to the fate of Woywodina, the Wan deer says it will not receive the territorial extension that was projected at Agram and Karlowitz. It is said that the Ba-Franzens Kenai is to form its northern boundary in the Backa. The fact that Tesmesvar has been appointed the seat of a Stadtholder seems to indicate that the Banat, the Canaan of the Woywodina project, will form a distinct domain of his crown. Commissioner MARTONFFY assures us that the Governor of the Bank has already been ap pointed. His Royal Highness Archduke ALBRECHT arrived with his suite in Vienna at seven o'clock in the morning of the 19th. The besieging works of the Austrians against the fortress of Comorn were at the date of the last ad vices proceeding rapidly. The Austrians intended, it was said, to try balloons, as at Venice. On the 14th a public sale of a portion of the effects of KOSSUTH took place at Pesth, but the attendance of the public was less numerous than had been ex pected. The effects of Count CASIMIR BATIIYANY and others were also to be offered for sale. A4O. ITA LY. During the sittings of the Deputies at Turin, on the 18th, it wrs resolved that the budget for thsl year 1849 should be primed. An allowance of 10 or 15 livres a day for each re presentative was spoken of r.s probable. After visiting his mother and children at Nice, it is now generally believed that GARIBALDI will return to Genoa. The War Minister, General BAVA, has issued an order of the day to the army, in which he says the unmerited hard fortune of war had not diminished the high respect universally felt for the Sardinian army, but had proved the necessity for much reform. The Statute of Florence publishes the following letter, dated Rome, 15th inst. :—" DE CORCELLES has not yet arrived, but he is every moment expected. Gen. ROSTOLAN, in consequence of orders received from Paris, made great efforts yesterday to oblige the three Cardinals to publish the letter of the PRESIDENT of the Republic. Their Eminences resisted as long as they could, but were at last forced to promise that the letter should appear in the Osservatore _Romano. By this means they gained a respite; but ROSTOLAN, not seeing the letter published to-day, has returned to the charge and been an swered that the letter should be published this very day. Still their Eminences nourish some hopes of getting out of the dilemma, and of DE CORCELLES consenting to take the non-execution of the order upon his own responsibility. The conflict between the French and Pontifical authorities continues." The Giornale di Roma of the 14th publishes the official returns of the wounded who entered the hospitals from the Ist of May to the 30th of June. The numbers are as follows :—Romans, 136 ; subjects of the Roman provinces, 543 ; Italians from different states, 322 ; foreigners, 41 ; country unknown, 256 ; total, 1.298. The Aldan Gazette:of the 19th announces the death of the celebrated painter BELLOSIO, on the borders of the lake of Como. lie was the author of the great picture of the " Universal Deluge." THE UNITED STATES. ARRIVAL OF THE CALEDONIA. (BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.) LIVERPOOL, TUESDAY.—The Royal Mail steam ship Caledonia has just arrived in our river, and brings one week's later advices from the United States, the Canadas, and the other British North American possessions. The Caledonia left Boston on the 12th instant, and made a short call at Halifax, to receive mails and passengers, of the latter of which she has brought over a large number. We have by this arrival intelligence of the arrival out of the Niagara at New York, and of the Europa (which tailed hence on the Ist instant) at Halifax, on her way to Boston. The news is not of much importance. The Great Western arrived at New York on the Bth instant, having left Bermuda on the sth. The Earl of Elgin has left Montreal for Niagara. American politics are just now rather flat, and were expected to continue so until the approaching election. That for Michigen, in November (for a senator of which state General Cass proposes him self), promises to be the most interesting. The free-soilers and whigs will pull better together here, it is expected, than in other parts of the Union, and, it is possible, may carry their candidate for governor, Mr. Littlejohn. The citizens of the state have lat terly taken a liberal view of the Wilmot proviso, which they are now inclined to support. 'The cholera has so far abated that in the majority of places the returns were not published. It has prevailed, however, to some extent during the week in Boston, Albany, 'Washington, &c. in Birming ham, a suburb of Pittsburg, the mortality during the visit of the disease had been felt most severely by the German population, the deaths being at least 90 per cent. amongst them. In New York it may be said to have almost ceased. Mass conventions of both sections of the democracy have been, or will be held shortly in Monroe, Onon daga, Washington, Westchester, and other places, to effect a union of organisation for the fall campaign. A convention of the coloured inhabitants of Con necticut had been held on the 12th instant, to con sider their political condition. They prefer having the right of suffrage to their present exemption from suffrage. A national convention is to be held in St. Louis on the 15th of October, to consider the erection of a railroad and electric telegraph to the Pacific. Dele gates are expected from every state and territory in the Union. The reports from the cotton districts are, we regret to say, still more unfavourable than any before received but mit LONDON, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 25, 1849. On the first day of the next session of Parliament Lord BROUGHAM will present a Bill containing a digest of the law touching the offences against the person, together with the introductory provision of a general digest applicable to all offences. He will also submit, on the same day, a re-arrangement of the Bankrupt Law Digest, introducing certain correc tions and supplying important omissions which the strange and unaccountable proceedings of the House of Commons, with reference to that well-considered and highly valuable measure, have rendered necessary. This interesting announcement has been made by his Lordship in a postscript to the second edition of his admirable letter to Sir JAMES GRAHAM " On the Making and Digesting of the Law ;" and we may feel well assured that if health and strength be spared, the arduous undertaking will be strictly and literally The extensive and much required alterations in the law that have already been effected through his Lord ship's zealous and indefatigable exertions, afford the most auspicious auguries of what may still be hoped for from his useful labours. He has indeed grappled with a subject that might easily have discouraged the most energetic and active mind. Although of in calculable importance, the matter was peculiarly dry and uninviting; it could not advance party interests ; it afforded but little scope for brilliant eloquence or polished oratory. No animated discus sion could be anticipated to reward the unceasing toil that might be encountered. Nothing but a feeling of the purest and most disinterested patriotism could have induced his Lordship to enter upon the forbidding and gloomy track. If once commenced, it was necessary that he should devote himself during the best years of his life to the wearisome task. He could scarcely hope for the aid and assistance absolutely essential to the due performance of this more than Herculean labour. Nay, he might reason ably anticipate that professional prejudices—the doubts and fears of timid men, would have interposed almost insuperable cbstacles in his way. But, unde terred by these formidable difficulties and impedi ments, he boldly applied himself to the gigantic undertaking, and, although much remains to be per formed, he may look back with pardonable compla cency to the extraordinary progress he has made, to the valuable ameliorations in the law which he has already accomplished, and to the prospect he has opened of a speedy attainment of all that could be desired by the most ardent and enthusiastic legal reformer. He has brought us within si t ,ht of port. We may at length look forward to the consum mation so devoutly to be wished for, when every British citizen of average education may understane the provisions of the law under which he lives ; when there shall be a simple statutory definition of every offence, and digests of the various enactments within a reasonable length, so that they may be read and at tentively considered without the labour of a life being devoted to the purpose. When these desiderata have been accomplished, as accomplished we verily believe they will be, the gifted author of these reforms will have earned for himself the undying gratitude of his countrymen, the praise and admiration of posterity. No party leader, no statesman that ever lived, will have deserved a more enduring monument than the Great Legal Reformer of the nineteenth century. The name of B4OMILLY is still, and will long be, cherished in English hearts, and deservedly so, for he it was who, during the corruptions and abuses of a period when the people were practically unrepresented, and when the boroughmongers ruled the nation at their mere will and pleasure, suggested the imperfec tions of some of the existing laws, and the necessity for judicious alterations. But he merely indicated the defects and the nature of the amendments that were desirable ; :he did not:himself succeed in carry ing, or even bringing before Parliament, many of the measures he had contemplated. The deplorable catastrophe which terminated his valuable existence deprived the country of services ,such as could not easily be replaced. But, happily, his mantle fell upon no slothful or unworthy successor. " A double por tion of his spirit" descended upon HENRY BROUGHAM, and at this moment almost every one of the legal reforms proposed by Sir SAMUEL ROMILLY have been introduced into our system of jurisprudence. In 1828, Mr. BROUGHAM, in his great address to the House of Commons on the improvement of the law, specified more than seventy glaring defects in the existing law and its administration, and of these imperfections no less than sixty have since been remedied, and those relating to matters of paramount and vital importance. His elevation to the peerage and to the highest seat of the judicial bench did not restrain or diminish his ardour for the amelioration of the law. Notwith standing his multifarious avocations, and the nume rous pressing demands upon his time, Lord BROUGHAM, the Cabinet Minister, the Speaker of the House of Peers, and the Chief Judge of the highest Equity tribunals, continued the reforms which HENRI - Buouo HAM, the leader of the Opposition, and a membf.r of the outer bar, had originated. He did not cease from his labours because he had ac quired rank, distinction, and emolument for himself. He did not seek to enjoy the " otium cum dignitate " which he had so honourably and so fairly earned for himself. He felt that the lams should be clearly and distinctly published to the PRUSSIA. Intelligence from Berlin is to the effect that both louses of Parliament were still proceeding leisurely with the revision of the Constitution. At Aix-la•Chapelle the gambling system is con tinued in spite of the decrees of the Central Legislature, and that, too, with very little modification. RUSSIA. ST. PETERSBURGII, SEPT. 13 —His Majesty the EMPEROR has arrived here from Warsaw. A statement in the Caucasian Gazette, to the effect that the Russian forces had attacked the for tress of Achulga has been subsequently confirmed. The assault seems to have been made on the 27th, when the Tsckerkesses were repulsed on all sides. The Russians that day lost 52 officers and 823 soldiers. A second attack took place the next day. I'renr.l) Envoy, LAMORICIERE, is on his way to St. Petersburgh, and Madame LAMORICIERE is on on her way home to France. After the first assault of the Russians against the bastions of Surchajew had been repulsed by the Tscherkesses, it would appeir that the Russians ven tured upon a second attack, and, after a san guinary combat, took possession of this nest of the Monydes, the key of the enemy's possessions. The Russians lost 25 officers and 397 soldiers killed and wounded. On the 18th the mortal remains of the Grand Duke MICHAEL left Warsaw for interment at St. Petersburgh. DENMARK. COPENHAGEN, SEPT. 19.—1 t is no longer a matter of surmising that a Ministerial crisis has taken place. The Minister of the Interior sent in his resignation a week since, and it is not quite certain whether the Ministers of War and the Navy, as also the Minister for Foreign :Affairs, intend to resign. BLELIMEKINSGAARD and MOUNIER are spoken of as Ministers of the Interior. General HANsoN (the present Minister of War) is to be appointed Minister for Foreign Affairs ; and Count MOI.TKE is to remain President of the Council. The Hamburgh Borsenhalle, in an article dated Copenhagen the 20th, says, " We have not received any confirmation to-day of the reported Ministerial crisis commenced yesterday." An army order of the 17th expresses the KING'S great satisfaction with the troops mustered in Co penhagen. General DE MORGA, the General in command at Alsen, has been appointed Governor at Dannebrog. STOCKHOLM, SEPT. 14.—The steamer Thor has been sent out for the disposal of the Crown Prince, furnished with provisions for 14 days. BAVARIA. Prince W T ALLENSTEIN, leader of the Left in the Chamber of Deputies, has given in his adhesion to the cause of the Central Diet and the Vicar of the Empire. SWEDEN. CHRISHASEN, SEPT. 14.—The visit of the Royal Family to Sklen has been given up, but the KING and Prince GUSTAVUS intend to proceed by steamer to Lille Kammer, and return to Stockholm at the close of next week, via Bired Vardel, Hadeland, and Burge. unge. More and more credence was every day being given to the rumour of an approaching marriage between a Swedish Princess and the French Repub lican PRESIDENT. BELGIUM. On the 23d instant the first of the four days' annual fete in commemoration of the revolution of 1830 was ushered in at Brussels with the customary rejoicings. The present, the nineteenth anniversary of the great movement which transformed Brussels into a capital, promised to emulate all its predecessors in gaiety. When, during the course of the previous afternoon the KING, accompanied by her MAJESTY and the whole of the Royal Family, went to Antwerp to in spect the exhibition of fine arts about to be opened in that city, the Royal party were most enthusiasti cally received by the civic guard and the populace, and were entertained at a magnificent banquet in the museum. BADEN. Another judicial murder was perpetrated on the 20th, at Manheim, upon one of the insurgents, a M. DIETZ, from Schneeberg, in Saxony, aged sever.- and-twenty. At Stuttgard the Conservatives have completely beaten their opponents in the communal elections. WURTEMB URG. Again have the Ministerial functions of the Inte rior and of Public Worship been united. MM. PEIFFER and SCUODER, two of the Ministers, who exhibited a democratic tendency in opposing the measures of the rest of the Cabinet, have sent in their resignations, but have been appointed to other posts. HANOVER. It was thought probable that Dr. STRUVE would very shortly set out from Hanover to Berlin, upon business relating to the convocation of the expected Diet. The Crown Prince of SWEDEN arrived at Hanover on the 19th, with his suite, at the Royal Hotel, and intends to pursue his journey, via Hainburgh. SOUTLIANIPTON, TUESDAY MORNING.—The steamer from Havre this morning brings intelligence that the cotton market yesterday was completely stagnant, and little or no business doing in other articles. excepting some large parcels of Hayti coffee, which realised 48 to 50 francs, and a lot of Java 106 francs the 50 kilog. COMMERCIAL NEWS. The money market at New York continues in a satis factory state; money is very easy, and trading prospects on the whole are good. In the market for breadstuff.; but litttle had been doing. Prices had receded slightly. Western Canal fl',ur was quoted 5 dolls. 37ic. to 5 dolls. 50c. (steady) per bushel; Gennessee prime Wheat, 1 doll. 260. to 1 dull. 28c. per 601b5.; Southern Wheat, 1 doll. 12c. to 1 doll. 14c. ; Indian Corn, round yellow, 62c. to 64c. per bushel, steady; Indian Corn flat; yellow, 62c. per bushel; Indian Meal, 3 dolls. 25e. to 3 dolls. 371 c. per barrel. In cotton at Now York there was little doing. Holders did not press sales, and former quotations were main tained rather weakly. New Orleans and Mobile mid. fair to fair, lOic. to 1140. per lb.; Upland, mid. fair to fair, line. to loc. per lb. Freights are very low, and little doing. EXCHANGE.—On London, 1084 to 109, steady, de mand fair; on Paris,s.27, fair market; on Hambnrgh, 35 to 354-; on Bremen, 78 : 1 to 78k; Pennsylvanian Fives, 89 to 90. THE OCEAN GRAVE. Bury me deep—bury me deep, Fathoms deep in the sea ! And let me sleep my last long sleep Under the waters free. With the billows sounding o'er me, With the music of their strife— With the ocean caves before me, With their worlds of treasure rife. With the coral and the amber, With the pearls around me strewed — In my richly furnished chamber— In my mighty solitude ! Let no narrow coffin bound me, No dim vaults their prisoner keep; Let the billows dash around me, And the mermaids o'er me weep. Let me not rest where yew-trees reign, Let no cypress o'er me wave— But let the rushing hurricane Sweep o'er my ocean grave ! Thus would I sleep—thus would I sleep Under the waters free, My pall should be the foaming deep, And my sepulchre—the sea ! THE NEW SHERIFF'S CARRIAGES.—MOSSrS. Laurie and Merrier have again been honoured with the order for the civie carriages for the ensuing year, which they have completed in their usual good taste. The prevail ing colours are rich dark blue, gold, and vermillion, with the City arms and supporters, private arms, and those of the company elaborately emblazoned on the panels; the interior is lined with white satin, an) the hammer cloth is of rich gold colour, edged with blue fringe and gold tassels. The harness is made entirely of patent leather, with the arms and crests richly chased, and has a very handsome appearance, the pad cloths being of rich gold colour, to match the hammer cloth, and edged with gold lace. Some people seem to consider the severity of their censures on the errors of others as an atonement for their own.—Eliza Cook's Journal. THE HOP FLT.—Mr. Bromley, a recent writer, confirms the observation that the bop fly is produced in spring on the sloe bushes, from which it migrates to the hop, but dissents from the suggestion of Mr. Spence (contained in an address to the Entomological Society in January last, " which has been much circulated in the hop districts"), that it is only necessary to destroy the sloe trees in order to secure the hop from the attacks of this insect, asserting that its eggs have also been found on the plum, and that if all the sloe trees were destr oyed the insect would resort to som e other allied species of tree. masqueradeß AL-iVlAsbQaulel ofA T o V e A s u e axsuoenLttoGkAplll aDeeereSa.t—..jahuexhla.asiti ferior to the series of public er . i t t . erta_ Gardens yesterday evening, and proved in Notwithstanding the kind which bare precededd i l n s o o r f e a sP s e i e na t i l la il ; the amount of sickness and deserted state of town, an existed, ie la s a t t e d n , u the pleasure - seekers as s o on asth e intopaloaurrmedwh which up to a te hour there appeared d oo rs were opened , the has gardens recentlyand no sign of a check to thTehesrpoiriiNt,awsitthhewuhsieuhalthdeisapmlayusoe-f ments were kept up. masks, dominoes, and fancy and character costumes ; and, as a further recommendation to the proceedings, it should be mentioned that amidst the motley throng the most perfect good humour prevailed. The weather was highly favourable for the visitors, although Vauxhall is to a certain extent independent of its influence, being am ply provided with covered space for dancing. The gardens ,were of course brilliantly illuminated for the occasion, and were therefore seen to great advantage. Ample refreshments were provided for the company as sembled, and the arrangements generally appeared to give entire satisfaction. Trust men, and Lhey will be true to you ; trust them greatly, and they will show themselves great, though they make an exception in your favour in all their rules of trade.--Eliza cows Journal, One of the first things that will strike the reader in scanning this table will be the thermos, in the receipts of some of the old lines, that upon the Great Western being nearly one-fourth of the whole, or considerably more if we take into account the additional CO/ miles opened. The North-Western, with 42i miles more, shows a trifling reduction in receipts, and Hudson's companies are in a similar position. One cannot avoid the conclusion, upon pondering over these . results, that the competition of new lines has much to do with them, the more especially when we observe the great addition to the takings of some of the latter as they become developed; but we really see nothing parti cular to excite despondency in regard to, at least, the majority of the companies. A diversion of traffic would be the consequence of the novelty alone, and if greater facilities are afforded, a temporary reduction in the re ceipts of the old companies is a matter of course. That the latter, however, with increase of population and national wealth will find as much as they can possibly do in the course of a few years, and that nearly every line may ultimately be brought to yield a fair return to the shareholders, we feel perfectly assured, and would impress upon the minds of timid holders without in any way seeking to influence them in respect to th disposal of their further surplus means, that gross re! ceipts do not always give a fair measure of nett profits We have seen by the example of several companies that there may be large earnings and small profits, the ex pense of extra trains, &c , dragging heavily on the latter. This we believe will partly explain the falling off in the Great Western and other receipts, and a reduction of outlay may assist in sustaining a dividend. That this shall be carried, however, to an extent affecting the public accommodation, we trust never to see. The Berlin Stock Market on the 22d instant was tolerably firm, the Three-and-a-Half per Cent. Bonds being 88s'I. At Frankfort, on the same day, Austrian Bonds were 87',1. The Vienna Bourse on the 20th was heavy at the commencement, but rallied a little after wards. The Metallics were quoted 96k, and the New Four-and-a-Half per Cent. Loan was dealt in at 84. The steamer Caledonia has arrived from America, but the letters will not be delivered in due course until to- morrow. In the meantime, the outline received per telegraph appears to be favourable. The rate of ex change on London continued high, being 10 per cent. premium. It is stated that Canada was tranquil. The dates from Mexico are to the 31st ult., but there would appear to be no news. The English Funds have been rather heavier. Con sols have ranged from 921 to 921 ; for Transfer, being now 921 I. Time bargains have been effected at 92i to fa and the value now is 924 ,i. E x chequer-bills amain et 35e. to 38s. premium. India Stock had rea lised 252. The report from the Paris Bourse notices some flatness, and there is an apprehension of renewed agitation when the Assembly meets, upon the Italian queotion. In the Foreign Market there is a decline gene rally. Mexican have been 27 to k, although Messrs. Manning and Mackintosh have announced that a further large amount of duties has accrued for the creditors, and will be remitted when received from the merchants, who always have a certain credit. As to Congress rejecting the new proposals well in formed parties believe that it is much more likely they will be accepted. Grenada Stock has been 17, and Brazilian Old Bonds are 86. Portuguese Four per Cents. bring 291. The Peninsular Mail furnishes some what more satisfactory accounts from Lisbon. The revenue collectors were being more looked after. Spanish are flat this morning. Reilway Shares have lust part of yesterday's advance, and are quieter. An every-day reader near Huddersfield, if we rightly decy Flax his writing, should be aware that the official share list in the first edition of The Sun, and of course the remarks upon it, are up to one o'clock, and for the e closing list he must get a later edition, although remarks will not apply to changes alter that hour, up: Ire quent as they are. The strictest attention is paid under this head to describe the market from the autho rized priccs only, and not to please mere speculators. Bit CI ISII ElliN DS Titus DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK. (From the Official List.) 3 per Cent. Consols Anna Long Annuities, Exp. Jan. sth, 1860 — Do. 30 Years, Expire Jan. 5, 1860 8 9-16 India Stock 252 1)o. Bonds, 1000/ 7l 74 p Consols for Account Exchequer Bills. llyi d. 2d. March. June. 1,0001. 500/. 35 88 p Small — 35 38 p :'RICE OF FOREIGN FUNDS AT ONE O'CLOCK. Brazilian Bonds, 5 per Cent 66 Grenada, 1 per Cent. . . l7 Ditto Deferred ... Mexican Bonis, 1846, 5 per Cent., Coupons Ditto Ex Coupons Ditto for the Account... 27 Peruvian Bonds, 6 per Cent — Ditto, 4 per Cent., Active — Do. Deferred Portuguese Bonds, 5 per Cent Ditto 4 per Cent. Spanish Bonds, 5 per Cent,lB4o Ditto Account . 17% 17 Ditto Passive Bonds 3 l /2 Spanish Bonds, 3 per Cent 33% 31 1 4 Dividends on the above payable in London. Dutch 2 1 ,a per Cent., 12 Guild oc _ 13:TSINFt-S DONE IN RAILWAY SHARES A T ONE O'CL IL RAILWAYS. PAID. PER GRANT. Aberdeen ..... ..... . ••. Ditto, to --- Ditto, Preference 6lea --- di e .... to --- Ambm,Notting.,Boston,&c. 6 .. to --- Vrshire and Galleway --- Belfast and County Down - ..... 3erks and Hants Extension „„... to ---. (Gt. West. Perpet. 5 per ct.) 6 ...... •-• Birmingham & Oxford Junct., calls duly pd, or with guar. 20 ...... -- ....... to ....."-- Do., without a guarantee 2O „.. .-- .... Birmingham,Wol., & Dudley, calls d , v, u it l h y ou o t pd, ag r u w a i r t a h n gu t ee a . r. Binning., Wol., & Stour Val 131.149.... -- ...... to --- Birkenhead, Lancashire, and Cheshire Junction 2O ...... Boston, Stamf., & Birming 7/. 43 ...... —. . ... to --- Bristol and Exeter . ..... 90 - Do., Thirds - .. Buckinghamshire.. Caledonian — 5 1 0 7 li .......... %. . . 1 . . 4 t t 0 0 .. . . .- - - Ditto, New 10/. Preference 10 ....• 0 ie :3 / 4 --. to -- Ditto. Clydesdale Junction 50 ...... ..... -- to --- Chester and Holyhead 50 Ditto, Preference •-••• 78 % Clarence..... too .... Do., let Class, 6 per Cent... 10 to --• D0.,2d Class, 5 per Cent... 10 Do., Gov. Loan, 4 per Cent. 10 - Direct London & Portsmouth 5 4 — ..... . to : .. to --- Dublin and Belfast Junction.. 40 Dundalk and Enniskillen ... 27 1 A —. . E a st Anglia, 25/. L. .& E., -- ea d L. & D •...... . Ditto, 18/. E. & H lB ... .. -- to ............ te Ditto, 31. lOs., E. & H 3% 1%...•• to -- Eastern Counties Do. New Guarant. 6 per Ct. 10 Do.Exten., 5 pero.l, 1,6 a 13s. 4d 1.4 p... t t o ° ..... Do., d 0....... ......... N 0 .2,61. 13s. 4d li p to 50 Do., Northern & Eastern... ............ to -- Do., 5 per cent ..-•••••••• . 50 .-- .... to .... Ditto, New •.. .. 43 • •••• .. Eastern Union, Class A (late 5 .....• • ; too : _____.= ...... tO ---. Ditto, ditto, ............aff di er tto ci:) 20 /2 .. t U- Shares) . A..., - cl - ilio; 2 2 2 r •... ~e to ..-. ...... --- East DD ii Dittotttto:Sddcoo Lancashire r:i CCl(laglas !Isl . . 8 . ,,( . PI . 1 .7 : . 2 2 5 5 jj Quarter Shares Dpooiot.t:36*pNeewerwCQeu.n.a.t.r.l.Pe.r.rs.e. ........... 614 CA...... ....• - East Lincolnshire 25 ..... to •-• Edinburgh and Glasgow ..... 50 .-- ...... to I)itto, Ilalf Shares - Edinburgh and Northern ... 25 Ditto, New port l5 , . . 46, . F. i x ixDaa n essog t tg. e eop. Exeter, w,rDaeY:fueKedmroeivEiln.rmi Exmouth ••...• to -- - Exeter l r i: l d i S Aa l t ; e : d i 8 2 1 ....5 . 1 0 6 8 . 6 18 . d • • • ••• 1 O . t t 0 0 7 &GO Of to ..". Dumfries, asB:C, Kilmarnock, Consolidated c o hsk r oa, eh eet e r 2 % ..:: • - ......".. to -- Great Northern 2O • 7 1 34..... to Do. 12 A Deferred - Do. 1 4 B 6 per Cent. ...... 7 1 ,1 — ... e . to -- I Do., '5 per Cent. Pref. ...... 7%.., a% a a ... to 5 Gt. South. & West. (Ireland) 47 1 % Great North of England 100 - Ditto, New 40/..... ..... a a 48 - a _ Ditto, ditto . .. ..... ... t to .... Ditto, New 30/. ...... 30 - Ditto, New 151...... ... ...... 15 Great Western 100 Ditto, Half Shares Ditto, Quarter Shares 23 - Ditto, Fifths Do. New 17/ - aull and Selby Ditto, Half Shares - Ditto,Quarter Shares l2l¢ — ...... to --- Lancaster and Carlisle.... .... 50 - Do., Thirds Lancashire and Yorkshire ...100 ..... --. . Ditte, ditto, M. B. & B ..; 96 Ditto, ditto ... 96 Pitto Half Shares Ha 46 ...... ee• kIONEY tix)(l COMMERCIAL NEWS. CI7 Y, QUAR7'EI? TO THREE. Tlie sales of Cotton at Liverpool yesterday were G,OOO bait's, includfrig 2,600 for export end on sreculation; corepri..iing 4,500 Amerirau. 250 Pernarn, &c., at s ; fd. to ; 70 Bahia, at 61; 30 Egyptian, at 5;11; and 1,000 Surat, at 4d. to 41 . 1. p,--r lb. Although there was rather more demand still the market was dull.—The Sharp market was hater, arid a good business was done at higher prices. We gave a kw weeks back a comparative statement of the receipts of the principal lines of railway during the half-year to June, and it must be highly interesting to pursue the investigation, as the season advancer, and so much anxiety is felt concerning the status and future prospects of railways. We will give our figures first, and comment upon them afterwards; and it will be un derstood that the calculations give the gross receipts on the aggregate eleven weeks of the second half-year of 1849, compared with the like period of 1848: Mlles opened Traffic. In- De- Name of the Line. 1849 1843. 1849. 1848. crease. crease. Caledonian (10 weeks only) East Anglian - - - - 63 63 8,277 6,79 , ' , 1,482 Eastern Counties - - - 222 2351 176,308 174,260 2,018 East Lancashire (10 weeks only) - - - - 70) 38:3 34,574 13,585 25,00!► Edinburgh and Glasgow 57) 57) 43,302 44,532 1,200 Great Southern and Wes tern of Ireland - - - 160) 130 42,248 36,640 5,608 Great Western - - - 230) 290) 185,784211,621 ; 55,837 North-Western - - - 471) 435 115,804516,871 1,067 Brighton South-Western - - 220) 210 130,759123,577 7,182 Midland South-Eastern - - - 188 IG I 135,854117,170 18,679 York and North Midland 260 255 97,329 108,372 11,043