The Sun. — London, England, 1842-12-01 00:00:00

On the 4th of November the Volage joined the fleet at Hong-Kong, while the Hyacinth was left at Macao to watch events in that quarter. The discomfiture of Ad miral Kwan's squadron was soon followed by the refusal of an trade to the English with China. CAPTAIN ELLIOT. On the the East India monopoly, in 1634, when a Commission under the Royal sign manual was issued, appointing three superintendents of the English trade with China—Lord Napier, Mr. Davis, and Sir George Robinson were the three Commissioners selected. The death of Lord Napier, shortly after, created a vacancy - , to which Mr. Davis succeeded, while captain Elliot, of the Royal Navy, began his advance ment. Till this period he had filled the useless office of Master-attendant, which at this period became superflu ous, by the abandonment in England of the scheme for levying duties on our ships in the Canton river; and on its abolition, Captain Elliot was appointed Secretary to the Commission. Shortly afterwards, on the resignation by Mr. Davis of his station, and the embarkation of that gentleman for England, Captain Elliot succeeded as a member of the Commission, according to the general tenor of the sign-manual instructions. The smuggling trade had, since the opening of the trade, increased alarmingly ; and four years after, when the traffic had grown to its great height, Captain Elliot, who by this time had succeeded Sir George Robinson, wrote thus to the Secretary of State :—" There seems no doubt, my Lord, that the Court has finally determined to suppress, or, more probably, extensively to check, the opium trade; the immense, and, it must be said, the most unfortunate increase of bile supply during the last four years, the rapid growth of the east coast trade in opium, and the continued drain of the silver, have no doubt greatly alarmed the Government." The license in this nefarious traffic now became unbounded; and impunity complete. Captain Elliot, in his dispatch, dated Jan. 26, 1838, observed that " the manner of the rash course of traffic within the river, had probably contributed most of all to to impress (on the Chinese C overnment) the urgent necessity of repressing the growing audacity of the foreign smugglers, and preventing their associating them selves with the desperate and lawless of their own large cities." From this, it appears Captain Eliiot's opinion was,':that it was the opium trade within the L i iicea Tigris, not tile mere existence of the trade, but the barefaced mode of carrying it on, which exasperated the Pekin Government. " While," wrote Captain Elliot in the same dispatch, " such a traffic existed in the heart of our regular commerce, I had all along felt that the Chinese Government had a just ground for harsh mea sures towards the lawful trace, upon the plea that there was no distinguishing between the right and the wrong." For these reasons, Captain Elliot urgently applied that he might be " vested with defined awl adequate powers for the reasonable control of the men whose rash conduct could not be left to the operation () Chinese laws without the utmost inconvenience and rie'a and whose impunity was alike injurious to British character and dangerous to British interests." Fully afajd that the growing importation and smuggling within the river being unchecked would drive the autho rities to some violent measure, Captain Elliot addressed, in November, 1837, a memorandum to the Government at home, recommending a special commissioner to be sent to Chusan, or some other principal point on the coast, away 'from the influence of the Canton Mandarins, fur the adjustment of this perilous business ; the Govein ment, however, in reply, declined taking any such steps at that time. On the visit of Admiral Sir Frederick Maitland, in 11. , r Majesty's ship Wellesley, July 12, 1838, and his obstruction by the Viceroy and Hong mer chants, Captain Elliot proceeded to Canton, and for warded to the city-gates an open paper for transmission to the Governor by a Mandarin ; the paper being left open, and not bearing the character of a pin or petition, would not be received by the Viceroy. Captain Elliot then declared that he had formally offered to net forth the peaceful purposes of the Admiral's visit, and if the Viceroy did not accept these explanations his business at Cantoe was concluded, and he should forthwith retire. Subsequently a British boat was fired upon in the Bocce Tigris ; Admiral Maitland demanded reparation ; but a Mandarin captain-of-war junk gave ample satisfaction in writing, and the Admiral shortly after departed. Two months after the departure of the Wellesley a seizure of opium was made at Canton, the property of a British trader, the obnoxious parties punished, and then the trade re-opened. A few days after a native opium dealer was strangled, and a riot took place on the occasion, by which the Europeans, who endeavoured to resist the execution, were driven back to their factories. On the occasion of this imminent danger Captain Elliot called a meeting, and, finally, ordered that the small smuggling-craft, be longing to the English, should proceed outside the river within three days, and offered to co-operate to put an end to the smuggling, and a stagnation of the trade en sued. Shortly after another native opium smuggler was strangled in the square before the foreign factories, and affairs had so far attracted the attention of higher quarters, that a Kin-chae, the High Commission Lin, came down to Canton, and while junks and boats of war were collecting, and fire-ships preparing, Commissioner Lin required a bond that " the ships should thereafter never again dare to bring opium • and that, should any b e brought, the goods should be forfeited, and the parties suffer death :" he further threatened, that on non-com pliance, the foreigners would be sacrificed, and three days were given for reply. Captain Elliot, upon this distress, immediately proceeded to the house of one of the leading English merchants, Mr. Dent, whom the Chinese Com mieEtioner had summoned,before his tribunal in the city. Captain Elliot, and other residents, who had been totally unconcerned in these opium dealings, were then seized, and deprived of food and drink, and he had to choose between death and implicit obedience as alternatives, or to deliver up opium to the value. of two millions and a half sterling, a great part of which was, at that time, on the high seas, and entirely beyond reach.•• Until, how ever, the opium to the full amount was delivered up, an arc of boats was formed, filled witlearmed men, the ex tremes of which touched the east and west banks of the river in front of the factories ; the square between, and the rear, were occupied in considerable force, and before the gate of the hall, the whole body of Hong merchants. and a large guard, were posted day and night, the latter with their swords constantly drawn ; so close an impri sonment is not recorded in the history of our previous intercourse. Captain Elliot, thus detained under the threat of death, was compelled to purchase opium to the amount of from 35,0001. to 40,0001. to make up the quan tity, and was then released, when the imprisonment and blockade at Canton also terminated. Leave was then given for all to quit except sixteen individuals, who ulti mately took their departure, under an edict from the Go vernor never to return. Captain Elliot took the first opportgnity to write to Lord Auckland, Governor-Gene ral of Ifdia, detailing that " course of violence and spo liation which had broken up the' foundations (to use his own words) of this great trade, as far as Canton is con cerned, perhaps, for eves" He, at the same time applied for as many ships of war and armed vessels, for the pro tection of life and property, as could be detached from the Indian station. Captain Elliot did not quit Canton himself, till the 25th May, when the sixteen proscribed individuals h a d l e f t t h at place i n safety, and the persons of no other British subjects were in jeopardy. In the debate of the 13th of May, in the House of Lords on this point, the Duke of Wellington observed, " he bad never known a person filling a high station in another country treated in such a manner as Captain Elliot had been treated by the aut h or i t i es of the Chinese Government at Canton . ' Some time afterwards an affray took place between some English or American sailors (for the truth has not been ascertained) and a party of Chinese, when a native named Li n W e i ke lost his Captain Elliot proceeded to the ut most verge of his powers, with' a view to afford the Government all reasonable satisfaction, .by setting in action the criminal jurisdictio n six of the English rioters o n th e i r trial. Til and e Man P cla ae r ng ins were invited to attend, but did not think fit to comply. Five of the men were found guilty o f r i ot and assault. only. These proceedings did not satisfy Commissioner Lin, who moved down to Heang-shar., a place 40 miles from Macao, with about 2,000 soldiers, insisting upon the delivery of a British subject in lieu of him killed ; to which, after every possible inquiry, Captain Elliot re fused to comply. This state of hostility was greatly aggravated by a barbarous murder committed by some Chinese mandarin boats on the defenceless crew of an English schooner, when seven Lascars were massacred, and a passenger on board mutilated and left for dead. In addition to this, the convention entered into by the Chi nese Commissioner for carrying on the outside trade was, by some pretence, broken through. A rencontre took place between the Volage and Hyacinth British vessels Of war and a fleet of wai junks. The contest wan iv spirit edly sustained by the Chinese Admiral Itan, but in the end he was utterly d e f ea t e d. S evera l o f the junks were stink, and a numb er o f Chi nese sa il ors killed or wounded. All communicatbn was afterwards cut off b . y Commis eVener Lin, and various attempts were made in the roads to burn the British ships and poison the sailors. The Governor-G enera l o f I n di a was now invested with full power s to declare war and direct its operations. The sabgepent transactions relative to this belligerent de claration, appear elsewhere. MaJon PRA.TT.—This officer signalised himself dur ing the attack on the Chuenpee and Ty-kok-tow forts, when he commanded the forward movement of the gal islet Canaeroniams. During this attack he himself was seen along way in advance, under the very defences of the enemy, with the most nonchalant and admirable coolness, The Gallant Major, on looking through an embrasure, saw there was a body of Chinese close to it, when he coolly turned to the only soldier With him, a marine, and said, " Just shoot me one these fellow s will you ?" The action followed the word, and the Chinese retired forth with. • • CAPTAIN SCOTT REIGNOLDS.—This officer, of her Majesty's 49th Regiment, esp ec i a ll y mentioned for his conspicuous bravery at the recapture of Tinghae, by Ge neral Sir Hugh Gough, is eldest son of the late Major Thomas Reignolds, of the Scots Greys, who was many years on the staff at Brighton, and who fell at the battle of Waterloo. SIR HUGH GOUGH.—This officer commenced his mili tary career in the city of Limerick Militia in 1793. He served with the 2d battalion of the 78th until September, 1796, at the Cape of Good Hope. Lieut. Gough, with the 87th Foot, next served three years in the West intlis• Was with the attack on Porto Rico, under Sir Ralph Abercrombie ; at the capture of Surinam, in Au gust, 1 799, and throughout the whole of the brigand war In St. Lucia. In August, 1800, Lieut. Gough returned borne to Europe, i n consequence of ill health. He suc ceeded to a company as a senior Lieutenant in June, 1803. In 1804 served in Guernsey, under Lieutenant- General Sir John Doyle. Purchased his majority in 1805, and in December, 1808, embarked for Portugal, wieh the 87th. Major Gough commande d his regimen_ t at the memorable battle of Talaveraand Ni as . severely wounded, receiving a medal of distinction for ' his valour. His valour during the siege of Cadiz was so conspicuous that Sir Thomas Graham honoured him, and two other Officers, with Brevet rank, from the date of his dis patches, being the first instance of the kind which oc curred in the British army. On the 31st of December, 1811, Lieutenant-Colonel Gough repulsed at Tarifa, with his eight companies, 500 Eton, no less than 1,800 l picked troops, who assaulted the breach. A genera l orderon this occasion spoke of his conduct as "surpassing all praise," and the Prince Regent ordered the word " Tarifa" to be thereafter imprinted on the, regiment's colours. He next commanded at Vittoria, where the 87th lost half its numbe r; on thi s occas i on he was ho noured with the thanks of Picton, and received a third medal of distinction. He commanded at the battle of Nivelle, and was severely wounded there ; on this occa sion he was honoured with the Cross; and the officers of his regiment presented him with a valuable vase. To enumerate the whole of the attacks in which this Gallant Officer has borne part in China, and been the directing guide and leader to victory, would be to relate almost every late attack, since his valour has led him to be foremost in the field at advance, and the last to retire. The latest piece of active service in which his operations were signalized with his great and customary success was at the taking of Chapoo, on the 18th of May in the present year. On that day the Cornwallis, Blonde, and Modeste, took up a position close to the batteries, and opened their fire, to which a very feeble response was made by the forts. The troops, under Sir Hugh Gough, were landed in a fine sandy bay to the eastward, when, quickly pushing over the heights, they came to a causeway leading to the city, where they were joined by the naval brigade, who had landed to the westward of the heights. Up to this point the Chinese had fled in every direction, and their defences had been carried with out any material loss ; but three hundred Tartan had here thrown themselves into a joss -house, and, not being aware that quarter would be given them, defended them selves most desperately, forty only being taken prisoners. Neither did these yield, until their comrades were buried in the ruins of the temple, which fell upon them. The loss to our force was, consequently, much greater than has been before experienced by us s virs, eleven killed and fifty-two wounded ; among the former, the gallant Col. Tomlinson, of the 18th regiment ;. while in the list of those severely wounded were the zealous Adjutant-Gen. Col. Mountain and Captains Campbell and Jodell, of her Majesty's 55th and 49th RegimentS. SIR HENRY POTTINGER.—This Gallant officer, to whose superintendance and direction so many of our recent signal victories in China are attributable, was appointed sole Plenipotentiary in July, 1841, and landed in August at Macao, the passage from England to China, by the Overland route, having been performed in the short time of 67 days. No sooner had. Sir Henry arrived thin' vigour was infused into every movement. The expedi . - tion to the north was instantly decided op, and the equip ment of the transports rapidly forwarded. Sir Henry Pottinger, immediately on his arrival, issued the follow ing notice, dated the 12th of August : "In taking charge of the offices of her Ma jesty's sole Plenipotentiary. Minister Extraordinary, and Chief Superintendent of Trade in China, Sir Henry Pottinger deems it requisite and proper to publicly notify, that he enters on his important func tions with the most. anxious desire to consult the wishes, and to promote the prosperity and well-being, as well as to provide for and *secure the safety of all her Majesty's subjects, and other foreigners, so far as the concerns of the latter can be affected by his proceedings, at this time residing in any part of the dominions of the Emperor of China ; and that he will be ready and happy, at all times and under all circumstances, to give his best at tention to any question that may be submitted to him. At the same time it becomes his first duty to distinctly intimate, for general and individual information, that it is his intention to devote his undivided energies and thoughts to the primary object of securing a speedy and satisthctory close of the war ; and that he therefore can allow no consideration, connected with mercantile pur suits, and other interests, to interfere I.vith the strong measures which he may find it necessary to authorise and adopt towards the Government and subjects of China, with a view - to compelling an honourable and lasting peace. " Sir Henry Pottinger is conscious, that among the persons to whom this notification is addressed, there are few individuals who are not as well qualified as himself to form a correct estimate of the reliance to be placed on the agreement and promises of the Provincial Govern ment of Canton. He has intimated to that Government that he is willing for the present to respect the existing truce, but that the slightest infraction of its terms will lead to an instant renewal of actual hostilities in this province ; and it is accordingly to be borne in mind that such an event is not only highly probable, from the well understood perfidy and bad faith of the provincial officers themselves, but also because they may be compelled, at any moment, by orders from the Imperial Cabinet, to set aside and disavow their own acts. With these views and sentiments, it only remains for Sir Henry Pottinger to warn her Majesty's subjects, and all other foreigners, against putting themselves or their property in the power of the Chinese authorities, during the present anomalous and unsettled state of our relations with the Emperor ; and to declare, that if they did so, it would be clearly understood to be at their own risk and peril. " Sir Henry Pottinger avails himself of this opportu nity to announce, that the arrangements which have been made by his predecessor, connected with the island of Hong-Kong, will remain in force until the pleasure of her Majeity, regarding that island and those arrange ments shall be received. And on this point Sir Henry Pottinger further desires to call the attention of all con-' cerned, to the public notice issued by heisMajesty's Ple nipotentiary, on the 10th of June last. "Dated at Macao, on the 12th day of August, 1841. , (Signed) " HENRY POTTIN GER, "Her Majesty's Plenipotentiary." On the 22d of August Sir Henry Pottinger made for Amoy, accompanied with the fleet, which consisted of the following vessels, in three divisions, led by the Ben tinck surveying vessel, Commander Richard Collinson —Wellesley, 74, Rear-Admiral Sir William Parker, K.C.B, Commander-in-Chief, &c., Capt.. Thomas Mait land, C.B. ; Blenheim, 74, Capt. Sir Thomas Herbert, - K.C.B. ; Blonde, 42, Capt. Thomas Bourchier, C.B. ; Druid, 44, Capt Henry Smith, C.B. ; Modesto, 18, Capt. Harry Byres, C.B. ; Pylades, 18, Capt, Talavera V. Anson; Cruizer, 16, Capt. Henry W. Giffard; Colum bine, 16, Capt. Thomas J. Clarke ' • Algerine, 10. Com mander Thomas H. M ason ; Rattlesnake, T.S. Mr. James Sprent, mas te r , R.N . ; S esostr i s steamer, 'Capt. Ormsby, H.E.C.S. ; Phlegethon steamer, Lieut. James APCleverty, R.N. ; Nemesis steamer, Lieut. W. H. Hall, R.N. ; Queen steamer, Mr. Warden, H.E.C.S. ; Marion, transport, with Lieut.-General Sir Hugh Gough and staff. In addition to the above were fifteen transports, with her Majesty's 18th, 26th, and 55th regiments, a wing of the 49th, and Madras rifles, the. guns, engineers, and ar tillery ; besides -which were six transports, carrying pro visions for the force, and coals for the steamers. This second northern expedition arrived off Amoy on the evening of the 25th, and stood in towards the har bour, anchoring about dark, Th e b at t er i es on Q ue-mey Islands fired a few rounds at the ships, which were re turned by the Modeste ; but as her shot fell short she discontinued firing. Early the following morning an officer of low rank, with a flag of truce flying in hi s boat, came off, with a message from the Mandarins, to know what so large a force wanted in the inner waters ; and if it was not for trade they were to loose sails, and go away immediately, " ere the Celestial wrath should be kindled against them." Td this message the following answer was returned : " On board Her Majesty's ship Wellesley, off Amoy, August 26, 1841. " TO HIS EXCELLENCY THE ADMIRAL COMMANDING IN CHIEF OF THE NAVAL FORCES" OF THE PROVINCE OF FOKIEN. _ _- " The undersigned, Sir Henry Pottinger, Bart., her Britannic Majesty's Plenipotentiary ; Sir William Par ker, Commanding-in-Chief the naval forces ; and Sir Hugh Gough, Commending-in-Chief the land forces of the British nation is these parts. " There being certain differences subsisting between the two nations of Great Britain and China, which have not been cleared up, the undersigned Plenipotentiary, and the Commanders-in -Chief, have received the in structions of their Sovereign, that unless these be com pletely removed, and secure arrangements made, by ac cession to the demands last year presented at Tientsin, they shall regard it as their duty to resort to hostile measures for the enforcement of their demands. But the movedundersigned by compassionate feelings,aad soldiersCommanders-in-Chief, averse and urgently request the Admiral Commanaadinan the death of so many officers alusitn. perish, and this province forthwith to deliver the towgn.and all the fortifications of Amoy, into the hands of the Britishan forces, to be held for the present by them. Upon his so doing, all the officers and troops therein will be allowed to retire, with their personal arms and baggage, and the people shall receive no hurt ; and whenever these diffi culties shall be settled, and the demands of Great Bri tain fully granted, the whole shall be restored to the bands of the Chinese. " If these terms be acceded to, let a white flag be dis played from the fortifications. (Signed) a h ry er . Majesty's "HENRY" HENRY PO F T l T en l i N po G te E n ß ti , i , raL : g Wl il . L G II A At a very e ar ly h our , on t h e 26 t h o f A ugus t, the G M OU P G A H IU , iE M ' l aj ' o ß r- e G a e r n -A er d a nl l. Ple nipotentiary and Commander-in-Chief embarked on board the Phl e gettion to reconnoitre the defences, which were found strengthened by every means that art could devise. The principal work was a. battery, from eleven to twelve hundred yards in length, and situated on the south-western side of Amoy. This battery mounted ninety heavy guns. To the southward and eastward of this were several detached and smaller works, extending to Sandy Point ; while to the westward of it, on Red Point, was another very heavy fort of forty-two guns. On the Island of Ko-long-soo, which is the key to Amoy, and immediately opposite to these fortifications, were some powerful batteries, mounting in all seventy six guns, which the Chinese were busily strengthening with sand-bag batteries. On the Island of Causeo, and raking the passage, was another fort ; while several were on the north shore, fronting the river, or inner har bour, Huantong-san. The whole was found to be a re markably strong position. During the reconnoitring, a few shots were exchanged between the ste amer an d bat teries. Th e morning had been intensely hot without a breath of wind, but was succeeded in the afternoon by a pleasant sea-breeze, when the squadron weighed, and stood in to its work of destruction. The Modesto had the honour to lead, followed closely by the Blonde and Druid, which ships were to engage the batteries on Ko -1 long-soo, and at the entrance of the harbour. The line of-battle ships, with the Sesostris, Queen, and Bentinek, were to attack the long. batteries ; the Nemesis and Phlegethon, filled with troops, and covered by the re maining ship s; were to keep ' ready for disembarking them when ordered. It was about 1 P. 31. when the force weighed, th e port division leading in, and exchang ing a few broadsid e; as they passed, with some batte ries on the islands of T o-a- ta Sio-ta, and Chc-soo, and then proceeded on to silence Ko ' -long-soo, to the batteries of which they approached within pistol-shot. The Blonde grounded, but fortunately broadside on to the forts. After this the Marines under Captain Ellis, of that distinguished corps, were landed, and were speedily followed by a detachment of thegallant-26th,under:Major Johnston ; on seeing which ntunbers of the Chinese fled. TEE SUN, LONDON ) •THURSDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 1, 1842. Malcolm, and informed that his rank was not sufficiently high to admit of such taking place. The Prefect, with ever-ready Chinese falsehood passed it off by saying that he had come to chin-chin Elliott before he went away. CAPTAINS HERBERT AND BOURCHIER.—TAKING OF CIIIN•HAL—For this attack, which took place on the 10th of October, 1841, the order of the day commanded that the number of seamen and marines to form the landing party, under the command of Captain Herbert of the Blenheim, and to take with them one day's provi sions, were to be from the Wellesley and the Blenheim a hundred and fifty each, from the Blonde fifty, and the Modesto twenty, making in all three hundred and seventy seamen, with a proper proportion of officers ; marines the same as detailed in the memorandum of the 25th of September. The marines from the Cruizer and Colum bine were sent that evening to the Wellesley by one of the small steamers. At an early hour on the morn ing of the 10th of October, the ships got into their al - lotted stations ; the Wellesley and Blenheim being towed in by the steamers, and the Blonde and Modesto taking up their positions under sail. The whole of these vessels settling in the mud, as the tide ebbed became as steady as forts, and the fire from them was most tre mendous, and is thus spoken of by the Commander-in chief :—" The precision of the fire both of shot and shell, far exceeded my most sanguine expectations ; and the destruction of the works from the commencement of the attack was never doubtful." By a quarter past 11, the citadel, on the Joss-house hill was breached, and the defences reduced to a ruinous state. The Chinese, who had stood well to their guns, now • began to abandon them. The signal was immediately made for the right column to land ; and before noon, in spite of the rocky nature of the shore, the force landed, and gallantly mounted the hill to the assault of the citadel. An ex plosion at this moment taking place near the gate, - the last of the garrison fled without waiting to close it. Our men rushed in, and the union jack instantly floated over the walls. Scarcely had the men entered wheil 'a second explosion took place, but providentially without-..injury to any one. Captain Herbert now re-formed his •men, and advanced to the attack of the city, on the walls which the enemy were collected in codstderahle force. A few volleys quickly' dislodged them from their posi tion, and the column advanced steadily, and in good order, to the escalade. The wall was 26 feet high, and f o eft i d ac tretselvesa were flyi ng . ou t o f the western gate. The city b e i ng very soon f u ll y i n our i n while the ene m y, i ns t ea d ( 1' ) f. was attempting; escaladed possession, Captain Herbert r ema i ne d w i t h t h e mar i nes in charge of the town, an d t h e seamen returne d to o n two to their ships to move them into the offing, as soon as they. floated with the rising tide, Attack was nest made upon the large walled city of Ning-po, which was entered without the firing of a shot. On the 14th AdmiraleParker issued the following memo randum, highly eulogising the bravery and efforts' of the 9fficers above named, with the marines and others under 'their commands.—" The Commander-in-Chief h as wit nessed, with the highest gratification, the gallantry and excellent conduct which has been further manifested by the captains, officers, seamen, and marines of her Ma jesty's squadron, and th ose o f the Indian navy under his command, in the capture of the citadel and city of Chin hai, and the occupation of Ning-po, on the 10th and 13th instant. He noticed with great satisfaction, the admirable precision of the fire from the ships and steam vessels against the citad e l, an d th e ar d our w i t h wh i c h 'the party of officers, seamen, and Royal Marines, headed by Captains Ilerbert and Bouchier, of the Blenheim and Blonde, disembarked and advanced to the assault; over a steep and difficult ascent ; he is no less pleased with the regularity and dispatch with which his Excellency Lieutenant-General Sir' Hugh Gough and the troops were landed on-the right bank of the river, taken under the, direction of Captain Giffard, o( the Cruizer; and with the proceedings of the sloops and steam-Vesselg sta tioned in that direction. He begs to convey to every individual of the squadron present, his entire approba tion of their conduct and exertions. Lieutenant Somer ville, agent, and the master of the transports which ac companied the expedition from Chusan, are also entitled to the Rear-Admiral's approbation and thanks, for the promptitude with which their ships were got under sail when the signal was given, and the attention with which the prescribed positions were taken up at the anchorage off Chin-hat, as well as the desire which they have throughout manifested to forward the public service upon all occasions. Sir W. Parker feels assured that every, person in the squadron must participate with him in ad miration of the gallantry with which the strong positions of the Chinese were all carried by the British troops on shore." In the attack upon Tsekee, Sir Hugh Gough speaks in terms of the highest admiration of the conduct of Captain Bourchier. His dispatch alludes to him as follows :—" From the heights it afforded me no small satifaction to witness the spirited rush of the advance of the marine brigade, led by their gallant chief, who was ably supported by Captain Bottrchier, commanding the naval brigade, Captain Richards, of her Majesty's sli m Cornwallis, a n d C omman d er Watson, of her Majesty's ship Modesto, commanding the seamen's battalion. The whole brigade soon reached the summit, carrying the enemy's works." In this attack, also, the spirited conduct of tt number - of other officers was specially noted, and their names mentioned by the same commander. They were as follows : Lieutenant C. E. Tennent (flag lieutenant), Lieutenant G; Elliot (slightly wounded), 1 1. .r. G. 11. Hodgson, mate (slightly wounded in a personal recontre with a Chinese), Mr. W. Bowden, volunteer Ist class ; and Mr. D. C. Cunningham, secretary's clerk, all of her Majesty's ship Cornwallis ; also of Lieutenant Harriott, 1{31,, of her Majesty's ship Blonde; Lieutenant J. Fitejames and Mr. C. Kajaekeon, mate; both of her Majesty's, ship Cornwallis % 'pi ete officers accompanied Sir W. Parker with the advance. Lieutenant A. J. B. Hambly, of the loyal Marines, was severely wounded at the head of his company in the advance to the hill. The officers of the 49th, among whom were Captain Reignold (wounded) ; Lieutenant and Adjutant Browne ; Lieutenants Ramsay and Mitchell, of the Grenadier company ; Lieutenant Lane (whose left arm was amputated on the field), and Lieutenant Montgornerie (severely wounded in tha thigh), also Captain Balfour, of the Madras artillery. LIEUTENANT Watvisterr.—After. the capture of Amoy, and the separation of the vessels composing the fleet, the Phlegethon arrived at Keeto point on the 15th of September. It was represented to Lieutenant M'Cleverty by the master of the Lyra, that his first mate and a Lascar had been seduced to a village, and there treacherously murdered by the Chinese. Lieute nant M'Cleverty at once determined to attack the Man darin station; and for that purpose proceeded at daylight on the 16th, accompanied by Lieutenant B. Crawford, RN., serving as a volunteer, acting Lieutenant R. Ryeves, fifty British seamen, and eighty Lasears. On arriving at the village, it proved to be the one in which Mr. Stead, late master of the transport Pestonjee Bo manjee, had been so cruelly seized a few months pre- viously. The station and village was therefore de stroyed, and three prisoners were taken, from whom it was ascertained that about five hundred Chinese troops were quartered in a small town at some little distance, and that was the spot at which the people of the Lyra had been killed. These troops were fully prepared and expected to be attacked. At eleven A.M., Lieutenant M'Cleverty assembled his small force, and advanced to destroy this nest of murderers. As they neared the sta tion about noon, a smart fir e of &jets and matchlocks was opened on the party, but without effect ; and as they rapidly closed on them the Chinese fled up the hills at the hack of their position. The barracks and maga zines were blown up, and the town set on fire, when the party returned to the Phlegethon without any loss. CAPTAINS EVREgy min ItNoWLEN.—TAKINO OF CtlttnAl4. , --Thectipture of Chum was mainly brought to its victorious conclusion by the skill of these officers. On the morning of the. 28th September, 1481, the Mo. dente, Columbine,and Nemesis, under the orders of Cap tain Eyres, were detached to " Bpithead," to prevent the ! Chinese from occupying the eizlit-gun battery, or flthe strengthening their position, These ships soon opened their fire upon the fort and camp ; and after knocking them pretty well about, Captain Eyres and Clarke, ac companied by about fifty men, landed to reconnoitre the position, and to ascertain whether there were any guns in two partially finished works that would command the point at which It was intended the troops should land. ' This party walked to the Sappers' Point, from whence they had a full view of the long Sea battery, and into which several muskets were discharged by the party ; when the garrison commenced firing in all directions, and about six hundred troops showed themselves on the heights above, hut were kept in check by some well directed shells thrown from the steamer. After com pleting their observations, the party returned to their respective ships. On the 29th, the Blonde, Modeste, and Jupiter, with the Queen, and Sesostris steamers, took up a position on the south side of Macclesfield and Turnbull Islands, for the purpose of covering the artil lery, who, under Captain Knowles, assisted by Lieute nant Spencer and Lieutenant Barrow, were erecting a battery of one 65 and two 24-pound howitzers: The Wellesley was moored as close as possible to the intended point of landing under Sappers' Pula, The Cruizer, Columbine and small stremere were placed •ivithin two hundred yards of t h e b eac h , w i th their broadsides tti keep the Chinese in check, All the transports having arrived during the 30th, and the preparations for the attack being completed., the ships on the Ist of October opened their cannonade on the Chinese position, the troops landing at the same time in • 1 two te Itmh§. The first column, about fifteen kindred strong, were disembarked under the heights whereon the entrenched camp was situated, in which the Tartar and Chinese troops were drawa up about Regim en t were the 2,00 0 strong. The General and 5.5 th to a mo s tfirst on s hore, and bei n g e xp ose d galling fire without any corer, the advance was at once sounded, an d bill, led by Major F l' tl pushed fh' they ins y tip the Bill, The Chinesa bathe down to meet them, the ill apparently " • apparently blaaing With t le fire of their matchlocks 1. the impetuosity of guljals theer eould not withstand closed within sp ael e -l i r I r G) "'1 16 ; and as the gallant 55th , 1 . t . Tigth of them, they entae way and a " n u d " tw i - e a n ' t ihe m m ei l i n this advance had the taCer landed, they, with two bars tie WiSbCti. A-s o'l litth and driving in ht'seteZii6 ins ll 'ativantl° 1116 tered the western ens l' s k li6B ' 64 e t . )nemee, en or tee stet *i"er T wile were retrentitg . eia 3. he Clunese, under their letave i he causeway, qtdeltly rallied ispectable haistanee • a aeo, and made a very re force only saving some of the most advanced of our tols. Haring themselvesovercome by discharging their pis-• this obstacle, they advanced along the causeway, and the Royal Irish soon took pos session of their old tut • the fire from the ships "ers on the Joss-house hill,which made too hot for the Chinese. and Royal Artillery had already of the 49th, '!inese. The second column, con sistingmarines, and seamen, were landed as quickly a:, the boat s end of the defences, Could accomplish it, at the eastern and were to have carried the sea battery, but While this had been their services were not required. 55th and Madras rifles advanced forward in the suburbs, the walls, and drove all es advanced on Ting-hai, scaled the before them. Two hours were suffi cient far the whole o f colours, at 2 P.m , the operations' ? and the British ed for a second time ever the city ivalls. The Chinese force consisted of about 4,000 mere of whoa very Many fell, nine or ten mandarin being The British colours were soon waving over their position. The Modeste then weighed and ran into the inner har bour, where she engaged five or six batteries ; speedily driving the men from their guns. Twenty-six deserted war-junks th w i e r r t3 e , t i , n v the o guns. harbourln all ; there e a w two-decker, m dred and twenty .eight guns in these vessels. The Alge rine quickly followed the Modeste into the inner har bour, as did the Blonde immediately she floated. During this time the Wellesley and Blenheim, led by the Ben tinck, to give the soundings, stood within four hundred yards of the long battery, anchoring by the stern, about the centre of it. The Sesostris and Queen had been for some time sustaining the fire of this heavy work. At this point the Tartars stood remarkably well, nor were the forts silenced until about 4 P.M. The troops from the iron steamers landed in the neighbourhood of Lam po-to, and took them in rear; when several of the garri son were bayonetted at their guns. A party of seamen and marines from the ships were landed, under the com mand of Commander Fletcher, immediately abreast of their ships ; and as soon as they formed, charged right up to, and entered the fort by the embrasures, tellowing their flying foes through the suburb into an open sandy spot, where the latter attempted a slight resistance, but were quickly again compelled to fly, making for a con fined pass in the hills, which separated the city from the suburbs. Towards this point, along a narrow causeway, a large body of the enemy,' led by mounted mandarins, was seen retreating, closely followed by the General and his troops. The marines and seamen were now placed to flank this causeway, when they opened a cross fire, by which three of the mandarins fell, and about thirty of their men, and the others broke up and fled in all directions. All the poSitions being carried, the troops were bivouacked for the night ou the heights between the chief city and suburbs. The Pylades, Cruizer, and Columbine, were not idle during the time, as they en gaged and silenced the batteries in the neighbourhood of the spot at which the troops landed ; and having completed that duty, they took up stations astern of the line-of-battle ships, and in front of the long sea wall. The Phlegethon had a narrow escape from being most roughly handled, by coming suddenly and within exact range of .a heavy maskeebattery, which immediately opened fire. The light draught of the steamer admitted of her running close into shore, when Lieutenant MeCle verty immediately landed with his men, and stormed the battery in *the nost spirited manner. The loss on the 'side of the Chinese was very great : that of the British naval force amounted to.one killed and seven wounded. The wall of the long battery, which from the sea had appeared a common wall strengthened with sand-bags, proved on examination to be a most masterly piece of masonry. It was a high, strong, thick wall, composed of huge blocks of granite, with small low gun-ports, having a thick bank of earth between each of them, as high , as the wall. Mud was laid o n over eac h gun -p or t, S o as to prevent the shot from striking off splinters from the stones, which would have rendered it impossible for the . cannoniers • to stand to their guns. The shot of the ships had taken but little effect on the wall ; their utmost penetration did not exceed sixteen inches. Vast quan •taties of timber were found in the naval yard ; and a cannon foundry was near the walls'of the citadel. Bule lion, to the amount of 20,000 dollars, was secured ; but the bulk of the sycce had been carried off Immense magazines, filled with all the munitions of war, were also - Stored up here ; they were either removed or destroyed. The . principal inhabitants had fled ; and as no one re mained. with whom it was possible to treat, the destruc tion of the forts went rapidly on. At the capture 'of Chin-hai, which took place on the 10th of October, 1841, after the ships had done good service. in obeying the orders which had been given, the troops, about seventeen hundred strong, having been landed at an. early hour, under cover of the Cruizer, Columbine, and Bentinck, had not been - lea actively employed. Sir Hugh Gough had a good Opportunity of display ing his skill in military tactics. Perceiving that the enemy had five thousand men in an extensive encamp. ment on the southern bank of the river, while the city was on the northern, he determined to attack the former first. Having divided his small army into three co lumns, the right and left were dispatched towards the flanks of the enemy, which movement they were enabled to execute without being perceived by their opponents, under cover of a rising ground. The centre column advancing at the same time, the Chinese came boldly out to meet this apparently small body. The British troops advanced steadily until within good range, though the Chinese had for some time opened a fire of ginjals and matchlocks directed solely against this column. The order was given to fire, when, at the same moment, the flank companies debouched, pouring in their volleys on the now bewildered Chinese, who, as it were, in a sudden panic, moved, broke up, and fled in every direction, leaving the field thickly strewed with their dead and dying. Our men followed close in the pursuit, and many hand to hand encounters took place ; but the long Chi nese spear could make but little resistance against the IBritish bayonet. Many of these men fought with despertition, apparently resolved to conquer or die. The residue fled by hundreds to the water. The men were then re-formed and advanced towards the city. but, on ascending the heights, the enemy were perceived pour ing out of its gates at one end, as the sailors and marines entered at the other. The Tartar General, who had used the late Mr. Stead in such a barbarous manner, and had assured the Emperor that " he would catch all the barbarians in a net, give their flesh to the wild beasts, .and prepare their skins for the Celestials to sleep upon," thought fit to cut his own throat, though a blow in the arm prevented him from doing it as expertly as is usual' with his countrymen, Many other officers also commit ted suicide. On this day fifteen hundred Chinese must have perished ; our loss amounted to sixteen killed and a few wounded, amongst whom was Lietenant Montgoe mery, of her Majesty's 49th. SIR WILLIAM PARKER, K.C.B.- Vioe-Admiral Sir William Parker, was appointed Commander-in-Chief at the same period as Sir Henry Pottinger, was created sole plenipotentiary. At his head -quarters in China, about 8 at night on the 10th August, he landed from the Sesos tris. '.fhe Chinese having thrown garrisons into Tuyaun, Tsekee, and Funghwa, distant respectively forty, twenty, and thirty miles from Ning-po, for the purpose of inti midating the inhabitants of that place, and to stop the supplies of the British, it was resolved by the Corns manders-in-Chief to dislodge these forces. The Sesos tris, Nemesis, and Phlegethon, therefore, on the 27th of December, with a number of boats in tow, and seven hundred men of all arms, proceeded up the river, the Sesostris, from her great draft of water, being obliged to anchor about fourteen miles from Ning 7 po, and the two iron steamers anchoring off Yuyaua late in the afternoon. Sir Hugh Gough immediately landed with the military division, and occupied a small fort and tt joss -house. Sir William landed the next mornings When, on preparations being made for storming the town, the inhabitants came out and stated that the garrison, said to consist, of 2,400 men, regulars and militia, had evacuated the town in the night. The troops, therefore, marched in; the divisions separating to march round the rampart. When the naval brigade had advanced a little way, a fire of ginjals, &c. was opened upon them from some Chinese troops outside the town, het who fled as her Majesty's troops found egress through the northern gate. They were Lotly pursued for about seven miles, and about one hun mldvrhiediociheomf c their ts country numbers negr but s k fe vt it ht thp4etli with tihraflr frozen sztnt snow, have knowledge,been theren dering it impossible for our troops to distinguish the paths. On the- 29th, the city was examined, and large granaries of corn were thrown open to the public. In the attack upon the citadel and city of Chin-hai, Ad miral Parker, accompanied one of the columns, and was the first to scale the mall& So impetuous was the as sault, that the garrison, though four times more nume rous than their assailants, fled through the western gate as soon as they saw the English columns on the ramparts. SIR H. LE FLEMING SENHOUSE.--This gallant Cap tain, K.C.H., expired at Ileng-Iteelg on the 13th of June, from a fever contracted during his arduous duties on the heights of Canton. His remains were interred at Macao on the 17th, with all due military honours. A fund was subsequently raised amongst the officers of the army and navy, and a handsome monument erected wind.tin te n i stnitwideearAdrn alai an exc i t in g therewith to the ' memory of this distinguished o ffi cer. Sir Fleming Seuhouse greatly distinguished himself in the attack upon Canton, as regarded the two forts de fending the entrance of the Bogue river. The capture of the two Anunghoy forts, was entrusted to him, having tinder his command the Melville, 74, and Queen steamer, with a flotilla of rocket boats. About half-past the Blenheim got under weigh ; her progress, however, Te was but slow, owing to the lightness of the being e en,i S hortly wa s tig f° after a l d wci s the u b byre remainder d M e r e ol thef lle, squadronconsiderably got y ships alt moving g a n m d o sstoodt lovely, slowly an d towards theri ver smooththe other s glass,fo ma jes p t e ie r an si , ght vc r ,a o . cpserv e these fine covered with troops.dsintgowpaorindsts,thacnidr posted Th° on3' commanding work of destruction. surrounding heights were protected by small sand _ba g b • ag batteries. The action com menced about noon, by the Queen * which, as well as the lower firing at a battery, her and ' the Blenheim, before nghoy fort, opened on The latter ,hip did not fire a shee, tigrithin range. anchor, about six hundred yards from h the f let go her she clewed up all her sails and opened her broa%rstidewhlenn a few minutes the Melville came to her assistance, and took up her position a short distance ahead of the Blen heim, about four hundred yards from the fort. The Chinese kept up the action here for some time with great spirit, but the terrific broadsides of the two line -of. battle ships, at length drove the Tart ars f rom t h e i r guns; on seeing which, Sir Le Fleming Senhouse landed at the head of the marines and small-arm men, and, driving all before him, carried these fine forts. : SIR GORDON BREMER.—Sir Gordon was appointed from • England joint Plenipotentiary, on the 22d of June, 1841. On his arriving off Canton, he issued a proclamation es tablishing a blockade of the river and port of Canton, and directing that foreign vessels arriving off the coast of China should anchor in the Macao Roads. On the other hand, the Chief Magistrate of the district in which Macao is situated, published an edict, requiring the people to join heart and hand with the Government, for ' the destruction of the barbarians ; and forbidding any • Chinese ships to put out tosea, except such as were laden with combustibles for the destruction of the enemy. In the meantime, Sir Gordon Bremer, followed by Admiral Elliot, steered northwards ; and on the sth of July reached the island of Chusan, which it was resolved to occupy. A landing was speedily effected, and on the 6th, the city of Ting-hae-heen, was taken almost without opposition. Admiral Elliot. reached Chusan the day after its surrender, and immediately proceeded to Ning-po for the purpose of landing a letter addressed by Lord Palmerston to the Chinese Court. Admiral Elliot, shortly after, through ill-health surrendered up the whole command to Sir Gordon Bremer. MAJOR AIALCOL3I.—This officer is Secretary to Sir Henry Pottinger. lie was employed on the appoint ment of that General, to proceed in the Nemesis to ' Canton, to notify tha-. circumstance to the authorities. The Prefect Who had acted so prominent a part in ne gotiations, came post haste on this occasion, to have an in t erview wi t h S i r Henry) but , was received by Major in the number. The loss of the British amounted to two killed, and twenty-eight wounded. The Blonde had also one of her quarterdeck guns dismounted. Great quantities of military stores were found in the arsenals ; and it was very evident that the Chinese had no idea of being again so quickly kicked out of Chusan. Numerous guns were found in the batteries, thirty-six of which were new, of brass, and well cast. These were subsequently shipped on board the transports. On the arrival of the next Overland Mail, we shall give further accounts, with all the latest news. • INTERESTING NEW BIOGRAPHICAL WORK. Now ready, in 2 vols., small Bvo., with Portraits, 21s. bound. 'MEMOIRS OF THE LITERARY LADIES OF ENGLAND. By MRS. ELWOOD. Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street THE NEXT DISTRIBUTION of MONEY DIVIDENDS, AUTHORISED and GUARANTEED by HIS MAJESTY the EMPEROR of AUSTRIA, contains MONEY DIVIDENDS of £5O, £6O, £7O, £BO, £9O, £lOO, 1:110, £l2O, 4:150, £2OO, £4OO, £6OO, £BOO, 1:1,000, £1,500, £5,000, and £25,000 Sterling. Amounting together to £72,170 sterling. Direct for PROSPECTUS with full particulars, wrim- OUT DELAY, to "HEINE BROTHERS, at HAMBURGH, Or, to HEINE BROTHERS, at LUBECK.- THEATRE 'ROYAL. COVENT-GARDEN. THIS EVENING, DEC. 1, Will be repeated Bellini's Opera of LA SONNAMBUL A. Amina, Miss Adelaide Kemble ; Count Rodolpho, Mr. Giubilei ; Elvin°, Mr. W. Harrison ; Lisa, Miss Poole. After which THE TURF. Captain Flatooker, Mr. Walter Lacy; Clovis Culpepper, Mr. Bartley; Gallop, Mr. Meadows; Aaron Tret, Mr. Harley; Mrs. Culpepper, Mrs. liumby ; Miss Warren. Miss Lee. To conclude with the Farce of COUSIN LAMBKIN. Squire Mulberry, Mr. Bartley ; Captain Bantam, Mr. Walter Lacy; Doctor Lionel Lambkin, Mr. Harley ; Mrs. Banfam, bliss Cooper; - Rose Maynard, Miss Lee; Dainty, Mrs,Humby. ' Doors open at Half-past Six, and the Performances com mence at Seven.—Dress Boxes 75., Second Price 3s. .3d. ; First and Second Cireles bs., Second Price 2s. 6d. ; Pit 3s; Second Price 2s. ; • Gallery Is. Tickets and Places for the Boxes to be taken of Mr. Whit low, at the Box-arfice, from Ten till' Four, where Season .Tickets may be had. Private Boxes to be had at the Box-office • of Messrs. An drews, 167, New Bond-street; ,Mr. Mitchell;Old.Bood-street ; and of Mr - . Sams, Pall Mall. THEATRE RoyAL, ADELPHI. THIS EVENING, DEC. 'l, Will he repeated a New Drama, in Two Acts, called YOU KNOW WHAT. The principal Characters by Mr. 0. Smith, Mr. Wright, Mr. Maynard, Miss Fawcit, and Miss Murray. After which, a New Comic Burletta, called AN TONY and CLEOPATRA. Antony, Mr. Wright ; Cleopatra, Miss Murray. To be followed by a Grand Burletta Spectacle, entitled ALMA. Principal Characters . by Messrs. Paul Bedford, Wieland, Frampton, Mrs. H. P. Grattan, and Madame Proche Giubilei. To conclude with THE MISER'S DAUGHTER. Prin.. cipal Characters by Messis. 0. Smith, - Lyon, H.. Beverly, Wright, Sterling, Wilkinson, Mayn'ard, Craven, Mrs. H. P. Grattan, Miss Faucit, Miss Murray, Mrs. H. Beverly, &c. Boxes, 4s. Pit, 2s. ; Is. Doors open at half-past six, commence at seven o'clock. DAVIDGE'S ROYAL SURREY THEATRE. Last Nine Nights . of Mr. T. P. Cooke's Engagement, and Final Arrangement of his Performing. THIS YV.BNING DEC. 1, Mr. T. P. Croke will appear in the New Nautical Drama, en titled THE' UNION JACK; or, the SAILOR and the SETTLER'S DAUGHTER. Mary, Mrs. R. Honner. After which, • ROBERT MACAIRE. Robert Macaire, Mr. T. P. Cooke. To conclude with ESTELLE DUMAS, supported by the entire Company. Places and private Boxes to be had of Mr. J. Kerschner, at the Box-office, from eleven to four. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE THIS DAY. Horning 35 minutes after 0 1 Evening 2 minutes after I . t4tT , * c cp s i. 04:1." ' 5 , • 0.5. W. e 0 S 0 ero , 1 .hsolit LONDON : THURSDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 1, 1842. The war with China being now brought to an honourable and satisfactory conclusion, we pre sent our readers this day with a comprehensive account of the country, and varied details of the late, operations, together with a map, in which are laid down all the principal rivers and cities of that vast empire, and the five ports opened to British commerce. The origin of the war is well known, and it is therefore needless to refer to that subject. What distinguishes it from all other contests with different nations is, the uni form SUCCC99 which in every encounter with the Chinese followed the British arms. From the capture of Canton, to signing the treaty of peace off Nankin, not the slightest defeat has been sustained, and, with only one exception, the determined stand made by the Tartars at Chin keang-foo, the English met with little or no re sistance. As a natural consequence, the loss of life among the British troops has been equally small. Though the war has been continued for nearly three years, we had fewer men killed during that period, in the course of ten or twelve engagements, then sometimes fell one obscure battle in the Peninsula. Indeed, the onil;" real fighting took place at Woo-sung, and in the Yang-tze-keang River, when the Tartar troops made their last desperate and nnsuccessful effort. If the cost has been small, the results are great almost beyond conception. The En glish have a line of coast thrown open to them from Canton to Shanghae, a distance of from a thousand to fifteen hundred miles, with five ex cellent harbours, fit emporiums of trade for the adjoining districts and tile numerous islands in the Chinese seas. They are to be placed on a footing with the subjects of the EMPEROR; Con suls are to be appointed at each place to watch over British interests; and, in addition to all these important concessions, complete compen sation is to be made for the expenses of the war and the wanton destruction of property. With,these advantages, so different from what England ever enjoyed in China, we may reason ably expect a great increase of trade both as regards imports and exports. Tea may be ob tained cheaper, a new field for the silk trade will be opened up, and it is not therefore to be wondered at that the commercial circles of Eng land hail With hope the prospect afforded to them by the proposed new channels of trade with China. China seems to have been a inply supplied by nature with every requisite for clothing but wool. The pecu liar husbandry of the Chinese prevents their breeding either horned cattle or sheep, and hence, although amply supplied with silk, the inhabitants of the northern provinces shield themselves from the inclemencies of the winter months by wearing the richer, expensive, and rare, and the poorer classes cheaper—kinds fur. The great trade of Russia with China is fur in exchange for silk. What a field thus opens for British commerce ! The vast plains of Australia can produce an unli mited supply of wool, and the power-loom ma chinery of England can weave and supply wool• len fabrics at a price less than any nation in the world. If we refer to the statistics of the East India Company's trade we shall find that their principal trade has been in woollen cloths ; and as the Zollverein are excluding these manufac tures, not only for the protection of their own trade, but also because the manufacturers of England supply themselves with wool from _ Australia, instead of us i ng t h e fleeces grown upon the fields of the German States, this new market will employ our mills and thousands of our operatives. Again, France has hitherto, from the raw material supplied to her from the silk-growing States of the Mediterranean, had a large trade in manufactured silks ; and the Russians receive large supplies of silk, both raw and manufactured, through Kiateha. and Mait- nuiehoui. ilinerieant; are also jm. Nl t taS of manufactured silk but when Great Britain !!‘ ctitiiblished pore; tat Ning-po illlcl Ftunitlidli f Mitt§ silliattd in the centre of the silk , growing eistows Tche-Keang, it is but 4 rar illrooo e t, thikkoi ertith past eVehts ) that it vviii he cheaper for the Itu&= sians to supply themselves in the Markets of England, than to intuP the heavy eXpense 1,000 miles of land an 4 a.; we ~c e•' • that the steam machinery of _England CiAit C(nit pete with the cheap labour of India, and lin driven the cheap native 'manufacturer of cotton cloths froM his native coirkets, the day may not be very far distant when the silks of China will be exported to England, and the ma nufaciured product sold in the China market heloi,v theprices at which the C l ::iiese can warmth( In deed, the , silh zpanufacture alone o!,1 ens vat field to . hnglish enterprise. Millis s oney • were paid to Great Britain during the last thirty years for her manufactured cottons; but as the world has advanced in luxury and civilisation, the consumption of silk has much increased, and the coarser, cotton fabrics find a market only in the poorer States. or States little advanced in civilisa- Jim ; and as the, circle of manufactured cottons is narrowed, and as America advances in the ma nufacture of her own staple, a new market may be about to open to our mill-owners for the more costly manufacture, and Great Britain may, as she has hitherto done, take the lead in manufac tures adapted to the advance of the age, and the silk trade of China become as great as the cotton trade with America. The Chinese market has demanded large sup plies of our metallic produce. Copper has always sold well ; and, as a long period tnust elapse be fore other nations will be able to compete with us in the supply of smelted metals, Eng land, by availing herself of her present position, will secure to herself alone the sterling com merce derivable from this important and ex tensive trade. The City people are beginning to discuss the pro bability of abolishing the Bank Charter, and they state confidently that some measure will be intro duced by the PEEL Administration to place the currency on a sound footing. We hope that the advice of other persons than City money dealers will be taken before any new measure shall be passed affecting all the property of the empire. For thirty years has the subject of the Currency teen incessantly agitated without pro ducing a unanimity of opinion even on its prin ciples. For a much longer period have succes sive Administrations tinkered at the currency, acting in the darkest ignorance of all known principles, or wilfully setting them and setting honesty at defiance. The results have been a prodigious number of unreadable blue books, and countless pamphlets; with great confusion and misery, from 'successive arbitrary, changes in the standard of value. No subject is more im portant or more delicate, and the public will require that it be most tendeiqy and cautiously handled. A Tory scribe has the shamelessness, in ad. verting to this question, to speak of the Whigs as having been unable to deal justly and properly with it, because they were exposed to a pressure from without, and to boast of Sir ROBERT PEEL'S power as enabling the Tories to settle this and every other question as sound 'policy dictates, without regard to any other considerations. At the same time we are reminded that the bank ing system ofSeotland is an exception to the ge neral system. Is it possible that the Tories of the present day have lost all recollection of what occurred in 1826 ? At that period, when their power was greatest, they were completely defeated in an attempt to abrogate the Scotch system, and the bankers north of the Tweed, aided by SirW. SCOTT, writing under the signature of " MALAGROWTHER," completely defeated the EarIofLIVERPOOL'S Administration. Mr. CROKER tried sundry tilts with the Novelist, and was as often cast to the ground. We make no objections to the Scotch system; but, be it good or bad, it exists in spite of the Tories, who would fain have destroyed it in 1826, and were obliged to allow it to remain. Till this day it exists, a mo nument of their inability to put down a powerful interest, which they said was inimical to the public welfare. That, however, was neither the first nor the last instance of their being compelled to do what they disliked. Before that they had been forced, contrary to their declared opinion, to amend our sanguinary criminal code; and after that, in 1828, they were obliged, against their inclination, to sa crifice the Test and Corporation Acts. In 1829 they yielded Catholic Emancipation to gentl e pressure; and in 1832, when restored for a mo ment to office, it was on a condition which they accepted, that they should grant Parliamentary Reform, though they had opposed it all their lives. Again in office, dgain they are proposing, from the compulsion of circumstances, the very measures they took office to resist. A more squeezable set of gentlemen, in fact, than your high-minded Tories, and men less to be relied on to follow out a policy they have advocated, never had possession of the Treasury; and we shall take care never to mock ourselves and the public by calling them a Government. They area mere Administration, and the not-wanted Income-tax with which they have plagued society, is a proof that they are a very bad Administration. Accounts have been received from Madrid of the 22d instant, and from Barcelona to the 25th. The bombardment, which was to commence on the 24th, had been suspended, and negotiations had commenced between General VA N HALED; and the Junta. Foreigners generally bad gone ou hoard the vessels in the harbour, but the EnglisL and French Co nsu l s st ill rema i ned in the city. CA AIP It f.DON had recognised th e J unta The REGENT, betb:e leaving Madrid, reviewed the National Guards, ah:.d was received both by them and the citiz ens gene : ally with g r ea t en thusiasm. The C or t es h a d b een prorogued till his return, in order, no d ou bt, to preveLlt seditious harangues respecting the, insurrection at: Bar celona. Previous to the prorogation, CALATRAYA laid before the Chambers, by order of the RE.. GEN T, a ,succinct account of the national debt, with the proposed means for meeting the defi ciences of the revenue. It would be difficult, however, to give a satisfactory outline of his speech, and we shall, therefore, give it entire on the first opportunity, merely stating that if the proposed plans were carried into effect there would remain a deficit of only 42,000,000 reals. The Three per Cents. were done at 21t for cash, and 22 at 60 days, with i•premiurn, for 2,200,000 reals; and the Five per Cents. at 251 for cash, and 261 1 k 3-16 at 60 days, for 36,200,000 reals. The articles in the Paris papers relate almost entirely to the election of a Deputy for the first arrondissement, and the affairs of Barcelona. The election was to commence yesterday, and close this days The contest was between General JACQUEMINOT and M. PORTALIS, all the other candidates having retired. It was generally be lieved that the fbrmer would be elected. In al luding to the insurrection at Barcelona, the Na tional says, that, whatever may be the origin of the outbreak, the Chriitinos are trying to turn it to their own profit. They predominate in the Junta, as three-fourths of the men on the list, are known to belong to the moderate party, and these are openly devoted to MARIA CHRISTINA. BOURSE---PARIS, MONDAY, NOVEMBER 28. First Highest Lowest Last Price. Price. Price. Price. French Five per Cents. 118 95... 119 ... 118 90... 118 90 Pour per Cents. 101 50... 101 50.. 101 50... 101 50 • 3 per Cents.... 89 40... 80 40... 80 25... 80 25 Bank of France 3300 —.3302 50...3300 .. UM 50 LAIR° Bank 0,000f...5080 .•.5080 ..5080 Belgian Bank Belgian Fives 1840 lO4 ... 104 i ... 104 ... 104 Spanish Active 23 23 ... 23 ... 23 Passive ...... 3; „, Si ... 3i ... a' Portuguese Fives ... 6;; 31 * 31 Neapolitan Roman, ... 104 i 10.11 1 104 ... 104 RAILWAY SHARES . St. Germain .. . 825 ... 828 4.. 825 ... 825 Versailles, L.B B7 50... 87 60.., 87 50... 87 50 Rouen Orleans. 5BB 75... 588 75... 587 50.„ 587 50 Strasburg to Bale 202 50... 202 50... 201 25... 2 01 25 DUTCH FUND.—AMSTERDAM, Nov. 2F. Aloney. HUM. Actual Delt, '23y per Cent a% 52% Jitto, ditto 5 per cent Anion Syndic, 434 per cent 9 ;71 nu r 44 •2 JAto, ditto, ag, per cost mu .... 1754 Commercial Company, 4 , ' Fer cent 133% , 34, Loan lei 37, 5 per cent. '2 , .„.. 1,9% 101 k ZxcNtile en London, One month ...... .... .h ''' 12 ! s Two month .. ..... I. • Rambla:ff. One month O5 tn.,: e s *lllenths .... A d 434 Dutch Papers, Nov. 0, 11410V11.•Pti DORSEN lIALLE, Nov. QS. • 131118. Money' Atistilaft t I:e't Ghi4. — 110 /Valli tireg.,...e...,....... 1620 4 flgt4,._.±kotoi kt 0...,, ................ .. ..... : . /eBs6 108% liussian ,51..,r Cent, ISt stiles, Certificate. ..... 103% tis..!lipti.an, ISt EetiOA .......... . ...................... 193 Thassian 5 per Cent. Hope gird Co., 04 and 4th PletieS.. ............. ......... ................. aildla Certificates .............................. . New- per ~ :ent. (154 q).... ...... .... I Dutch Actual Oeht.s •..];4, per Cent. ......... .....„ 51 'Ai 51 Ditto • per Cent. — Polish Bonds New Tickets — A.nglo.llanish Loan, 3 per Cent. Bl B.lli Spanish, New 5 p:T Cents, EXCHANGES ON LONDON'. 1 4 fe cc. ...... ..... HANIIIMIGH, Nov. 25-13 9, Two months 13 r4 n . , PETERSBIJKO Nov, 13.—Three months, 37 MIGIA, 1•19 Y. '9.,•Thlee Months, 3 . pRUSSIAN FUNDS.—Bytturt, Nov. 24. 1 St. SAulki Sch., 4 per cent. . ...... ..... ... 104 1 % . tfly Prussian English Bonds, 1630, 1 per cent I1!2%1 4% Exchange on LendOn Prussian Stale Gootte 5 • No v . . • --- MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS. CLOSING PRICES. BRITISH FUNDS. 26 5 Bank Stock 3 per Cent. Red. 94 Ditto Bonds ........ 3 per Cent. C0n5......... 914 Ditto Old Annuities ••• 3i per Cent. Ditto New Annuities••• 51 pi a New 3i per Cent... ...... 101 i Ex. Bills, 1,000/. ••• 2a. 51 New 5 per Cere, - Ditto 500/. •• • p i . pot Long Annuitie s t o exp i re Di tto S ma ll ...... 2 Jan. 1660 ... ...... 12i Bank Stock for Acct. I . : . Oct. 1859 - 9 5 Jan. IWO Consols for Opg. •••••• V FUNDS. t. Portuguese, 5 per cen Ditto, New Ditto ......••• Prussian, 5 per cent. ..• Russian, 5 pei cent. ..... Ditto, Metallic ...... . •••• 17 Spanish, 5 per cent ....•• Ditto, Deferred.... • f. French, ' per cent. c 3 r Exchange........... r te e. French, 3 per cent. Dutch, '2 per cent. ...... Ditto, 5 per cent. ••• FOREIG Austrian, 5 per cent Belgian, 5 per cent Brazilian Bonds... Buenos Ayres 6 per cent. Chilian, 6 per cent. Colombian, 6 per cent — Ditto, 1824 Cuba Bonds, 6 per cent 794 Danish, 3 per :ent B3l Greek, 1825, 5 per cent — Mexican, 5 per cent 3Ol. Ditto, 6 per cent. 1837 Peruvian, 1825, 6 per ct. ..., _ . SHARES. 9k Eastern Counties (23 paid) Edinburgh and Glasgow (50 paid) ... ••• 44 86 Great Western, (65 paid) 63 Ditto New Shares (50 paid) 3' London arid Brighton (50 paid) ...... bi London and Blackwall ( paid) .......... ....... London and Birmin g h am (90) ... Ditto Quarter Shares (25 paid) 63 Ditto Thirds (32 paid) 60 London and South Western (4116 s 10dpd) 3 6b Northern and Eastern (45 paid) Ditto Scrip ( 5 paid) ...... 2 55 Paris and Rou en (20 pa id) 23A South Eastern and Dover (50 paid).,., lsi Ditto Scrip (20 paid) THE MARKEETS.—(YEsTRPAY.I CORN EXCHANGE. e y mode, Notwithstandi ng our mar k et to• d ay was v % A in I ° rately suppli e d w i t h E ng li s h Wh eat, we have ti th e fei o report a heavy inquiry for that article, and in df li c ulti sales effected Monday's quotations were supported. Very little Wheat has come to hap" ter ms abroad. The finest qualities were taken off on but A ll quite equal to those noted in our last repo rt ; 0111 111 other sorts had a downward tendency. B a rley a her de hung heavily on hand, and in some instances farther the pressed rates were submitted to by the factors. arc els best Oats we had a fair inquiry, but the heated pi 3005, With I A fro might have been purcbsed on easier term s ' Peas, and Flour were unaltered in value. ARRIVALS.— .B English Wheat, 2,150 ; B 6O arle/' sa cks' Oats, 200 ; Malt, 630 quarters ; Flour, 2,02 0 0 e . Irish Oats, 12,k30 quarters. Foreign Wheat: 1,36 WHITECHAPEL. 00 : W of m e at had a very mo d era t e supp l y o f ' eac h k"1 d i r y oaf , on offer in to-day's market, yet the gene ral in cl" „ ,, s go ; dull, at th e following prices :—Beef, from 3s 10i F ork , Mutton, 3s 4d to 4s ; V ea l, 3 s 6d to 4s 2d, 811 3s 6d to 4s 4d per stone of 81bs by the carcase. COAL MARKET. % 9O' Ships arrived since last marxet.day, 2 . s. d. ... .... il 6 Adair's Holrvill Main l7 6 Walls End Morrison 't li i , 5 Nelson's West Hartley l6 .' Walls End Russell's ric l. i 0 Old Tantield l6 6 Walls End Stewart's .•......' is 0 Ord's Redheugh l5 6 Walls End Sunderland ••••" . 0 6 West Wylam l6 3 Walls End Cassop ...... ... ": 1 0 Walls End Clennell l6 6 Walls End tiortle; o ? , .'„" * l'. 6 J Walls End .4osforth it ' 9 Walls End Heaton l9 0 Walls Ei• el Evenwood •;,*31 7 6 Walls End Hilda .., 17 6 Walls End Richardson .1 . 6 Walls End Nor humberland 17 0 W a il s E n d Seymour Te el ' . IC' 6 Walls End Riddell's .... 0 Walls End Wharnelitre l2 0 Howard's . West Nethert n .. 0 Walls End Haswell. ...... Walls End Hetton 2O 9, TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUft•.,, the ,—miAnl mind of m I . p public r am essio a n nx s i t o u u ei s iou to sly d an isa a b i tr ien te , .; onsly circulated, both in this kingdom as w e " l: in foreign parts, that the practice of the non-res.,' v a t system, and occupation of the Insane Patit— bush' Hanwell, are exclusively confined to that es' nt iee, ment, still I have no desire to puff myself into rit neither am I disposed to detract from the be which is due to Dr. Conolly, for his hueli l L e lnS judicious treatment of the insane , but so mu ch ,der it been said on the system there pursued, I een-''„-tibt, due to my own reputation, due also, I have e 0 7:- 0 to many other well-conducted: establishmen "'tera state, most distinctly, that the non-restr aint 5)15 at has been carried out, for more than thirty ear y * it h the Laverstoch Asylum, under my direction , and:ell, the same salutary and practical results as a 11-831- pt• never more than from one to three patients per — t i r e having been under restraint at any period, and 03 oaks generallyinot one. A. reference to the Visiters'l3°(ti!ce —to Dr. Thomas's celebrated work on the '` F rac w i l o of Physic," published nearly twenty years age , "4 4 - states (from his personal observation) the almost tole absence qf personal restraint of the patients,andi v,, varied amusements and occupations provided for ti le * , and also to the following evidence recorded befer e l as Cominittee of the Hause Commos, as far W I the year 1815, will establish this fact : Dr. "On the 25 th of September 1815, I called ur n ' n Finch, at Laverstock, near Salisbury ; this gentle has c onducts c onducts his house in an admirable manner. Ile 4-0 1" 120 patients ; and he begged me to take time to ve rse with the whole of them, without his being re sent, to ascertain how they were fed and treated vai . steoo, " He had not a single patient in a stra it-; or under any personal restraint. Every p ossi ble bac c . of amusement was provided. for theth ; gammon, chess,_ cards, books, drawing, Sze., tow's, ericket, horses, carriage, and vaTied e.xerei stablishnzeict and occupations Out of doors. In .this I saw at': that Tuke had written realised, and no werf i _ in which I can deseribe it can characterise it in too ltibf' vant terms." I am, Sir, your obliged ser W. .ZINCH. M.D., F.L.S., LaVerstock House .asylum, Nov. 5, 1842. irA-dooTse; B IR 21q S. On the 20th of N;; Yember, the) ady of Colonel G at coigne, Grenadier Guard, or a ,:on• On the 2-th i n s' st., at P or tland Lodge, the lady of )3.. S turgis Esq., of a son. On the 26th inst., at Montpellier-square Brompton, tb.e,cife of J. W. Placket, Esq., jun., of a daughter. On the 28th inst., at Stepney-green, the lady of M. Sturt, Esq., of her Majesty's Custo ms, of a son. -- DMA On the 28th of November, at Feniton Court, I )ev"' Frances Duke, wife of the lion. Mr. Justice Patteson. On the 27th of November, at Glasgow, Mr. Andrew M., isulaY, late of the Black Bull lon, ' .loltn:4 , t:e. ,140". London: of Print ed and Published by DaRDO YODn No. 1 12, S trand, at The Sun Office, No. 112. _ e°l ,Stra n t h e County of Middlesex, Thuredgy, Decenbet it LISPI ___ _ ....... .._. CITY __........ WEDNESDAY EVENIN G. ....__.. _ Business has b een quiet , this afternoon in t he Eng ' lish Stock Ma r k e t, which closes, however, a sh ade firmer than yeste r d a y. C onso l s for Money were 94 f to 948 ; and for Account, 943 to 95 ; were worth 50s. to 51 s . p r emium, and India B onds 48s. to 503. premium. Bank Stock was steady at 171 to 172; and India St oc k a t 264 to 266. The N ew . . Three-and-a-Half per C en t s . re alised 104 to i ; a nd the Three per Cents. 931 t o 94. Exchequer Bil ls The Speculative Bonds since the business this morn ing of the half-monthly foreign settlement have been rather better. It is stated that Messrs. Lizardi posi tively disclaim h av i ng i ssue d an excess of Defe rred Stock. Spanish Actives left off at 171 to 3; an d the t Three per Cents. at 223 t o / b e i ng depressed on accoun. of the news from C a t a l on i a . Portuguese Converted Stock brought 32/ ; an d D u t c h Two and• a-Half per Cent. were at 52a to 521. The sales. Less activity pre va il e d i n Sh are s to-day. this afternoon w ere E as t ern Counties at 1311-y . Brighton, 15 : North ern an d E as tern, 8k; and S Eastern, 263 discount. Great Western were 0t112.11 1 1 )( 1 the New, 13 ; th e Bi rm i ng h am , Quarter, 241) a Paris and Rouen, 51 prem. The American news is, on the whole satisfactory, though trade was not brisk. (From The Sun of Last Night.) ' Stocks continue rather fiat thoug f re h, a s fewer sale s 9 r making, they - ca.nnOt be called so depressed. Consols eto present transfer are 94i- to 94A-, and for Aecotur; 04, 14. to spy, 95. Exchequer Bills have not rallied, being 51.3. premium, and India Bonds are heavy at 48s. to j t u be India Stock rather dull at 264 td 265. premium. Bank Stock is steady at 171 to 172, an d d. a-Half per Cents. are 1011 to 101/, and the Threey!,. Cents., 931 to 94. Long Annuities are 12 9-16th, to the The Spanish market is not supported, owing; t" •,, Tho Three nature of the accounts received to-day. Bonds are 17i to 171, the Passive, 3-3 and tl re Three per Cents., 3- 22- g -' to 22k. Mexican Bonds have bo iwyr ii i e New Three -an at 30 to 391, and Portuguese Converted, at 32, 4 . ' Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents. are 52-i to 52, 141 Railway Shar es are not quite -so firm. Brigu°' ' dis. to 143 ; Black we ll, 11 ; and Eastern Counties, 14 South Western are 183. prem.Banks, The larger eapitaliss, swell well as the Joint-stocl t , finding more employment for their money, a a'l a t better rate orinterest, first class mercantile bi l js — ,,, c 1 s u u p i N p vt it l; 3 ds a , s a se re ts done at 2 3 : to 2 3 . per cent., and others at 3 per c e' ll i t t i‘eir I f i rt e m ly the public p u u •i b tl l i i ei c raNvsoule portdloban'ce- the securities, an decline Which occurred in the Funds • 'n .Y asp''l. yesterc... accounted Ibr. terflaP Cotton -• on It as firmly supported at tiverifool Yen ip , of but the sales were not large, being only 5,00 0 L 3 rloo which 700 bales were Maranbatni 'at 5/d. to 6 ,- - V",,, ; 4d. ;. Egyptian, at 61d. to 6id. ; - 300 S urat, a t 3. • and 3,500 American, at 34d. to 63d. per lb. 1 ;1, tern For Railway Shares the market was firm, but - --- ,1 la -Counties were' in poor request. Sales were 1-13 0 - t -e 3.5 ; 'Grand Junction at 183 ; in Birmingham, )flew'' — 3l?-0 in the Quarter, at 494- ; in North Midland, Half, at - e o I in Paris and Ro uen , a t 24:k ; and in the South Eas L -- - New, at 181. l3 7 1* The Exchange from Hatnbur h comes over at - and the price of gold at 4291. g ' • re is It is - • in • stated the advices from Germany that th e- , a t to be a conference of the home manufacturers , eil li „ e a l er Mayence or Cologne, when a show of fabrics, and ~,- d to articles of industry, will take Place, which is exPe e m "" p nts. prove of great service in_ furthering iinPr °Y3— hereafter. q 9 ..--W e MANCHESTER STOCK E X C HA N GE , NOT. -* „ , e• have had more busi ness t o -d ay, w ith ou t any ing'l3-'ir inent in prices. Our sales are--London an d j o g. mingham, New 321., 321 ; Ma nc h e ster al-0 13irinehes ham, 193 ; Northern and Eastern Scrip, 9; 3 '' its; 16 1 ter and Salford Ba n k, 108 ; U n io n B a nk, 7 11 7' Manchester and Salford - Water Works, 511.