The Sun. — London, England, 1842-07-13 00:00:00

a by pray ;e the e re- from ; as' hley's iented Stan- from ur of a the ;fran -1 that many tot to No ble cil, expee' atifying that h e rapidly' rogru';; one Ord with Cert fi' Vere ThOtir; ' ' peCt ;SeP te ,A ' f OW ' begm , r) Foreigil rs eno?! o l3 11P" of this se-(001' La d ill :p t p rouse VJ, • 3s fry otOr'' us ._, l- ' lo o , oe ;a „i •1 5 f fr'• rs e2 ' ef 04t er.thf:' nd the au ; . ;;;P e t' 0 C elr' h f tbs o t:i 91 wit h tb: to_ knoi. 0; 4 0 0,-: 1 ,.., 07' Ire= ati , A irrY to ssesc o. • s t i Ic 111 that Vie. be. 1 0 1 the Apt that t" ifon• 11 b° fbre • ce to et'n .... 5 .„....—...... Vltle the C omm i ss i on for a short time, as he considerA it ; be almost impossible then to pass the Bill within the P'e litnitLd. Since then a fortnight had elapsed; t . :l 2 Imission would expire on the 31st of July, the week a lter t i;lt A they tLuld only have to-night this week to consider th ' ' e b b i r ,..e 9 t, ai•d next week after the Bill -hould have passed Il r°4- •-•ommittee, they would have one night t o . receive the tit tort, ar , 4 another night for the third reading, and tlia . t . ii . op °4 „ ivi ng ell time to the House of Lords to consider this khey ° Z -- 11 ,' , -vure. If the Commission were allowed t o be in a s ii d t `e greatest confusion would result. Many unions And s •; I ' l , sn ' i l • e• He ' knew of one instance—the parishes of St. The ; '''shorn and St. George the Martyr would separate. the Kill Bill would require alteration; as it was at present tinue the Commission. It would have to be t Oo a nt t s y l s r t i l a b e n i d et t :a ‘s is t Bil e.i l °' to Renew te Commission.' It would be .Im ° carry the Bill thr h ough in time. lie knew not what th rmigh ti • a ajnrity might effect, but they ought not to pass it Peo n '9 that time - , and he felt assured they would have the a nswe:f ddfi culty in doing so. If he receivr d no satisfactory S Pealte T ie the Rioht Hon. Baronet he should move that the S., . i r :o leave the Chair that day three montlis.—(A laugh.) t he i s " 4 ES GRAHAINI compassionatsd the situation of n ed; Ctaker if the Hon. Gentleman's motion should be car t' giv and if an thing could induce hini ( Sir James GT . aham) hoz t e h ts e as surance ' required, it would be to free . the Speaker 1 / 4 4, en i e n l fh ee uvenience of remaining in his chair for the next - ' , ll. Q ° •""'s•— ( Cheers,) He was happy to perceive that the best evil!ntleaan was alve to the extreme inconvenience and eo rs Which must arise from the sudden lapsing of the 4e ti I °n•—( Hear, hear.) He could not, however, give the R' n ' Gentleman the assurance lie asked for. He hoped esty 4 0 ; 4 ' would acquit him of having occasioned any unneces t: ;1;1;e i He had pressed forward the question on every op iwelirz".ll t hat had offered. For four nights there had been a Cor n I.earY discussion. One of the clauses had passed through and as the House had on all ozcasions sanc . t.ioned It I. ' 'Y la,rge majorities, he fe lt . bound to go on with it. lee l',l be ms duty to proceed with the . measure till he had speetdeindlY ascertained what was the opinion of the House re- I ttte k g , i t• He had endeavoured to urge on the House . the !nee. ',,ntsger to the poor of the country from the discontinu sq°44%4l,,e.Po9r-law Commission. He thought a short Con 'Ds .. e „:" 11 1 for only one year, would but brand the Commis liltha? the want of the eonfidence of thethat 'Ni l - ' ll woOld encourage factious opposition to it ; he there. stib . 4 . Ped the House would proceed at once to discuss the 4t d • He 4d stated his sincere and earnest desire to pro kip, w ' i til the Bill, but it would be for the House to deter - IPpsobw4ether the course he had proposed met with their b at : 99 "or not, :hiltii;• 4 BERNAL said he should offer no apology for any :uB,4 '' , 9 .t cl es t lia h - j e th :t e e ir ra p i u. g b h l t ico ff er to this measure, and he would re- Via °se Hon Gentlemen who might have voted on it pledges and . private convictions, that bbdit got be such a thing as factious support. He though . t by , th ts at the Government should think themselves just ilnlß th'i s `t!e defects of the old Act of Elizabeth, in confirm ,'ss vit,l9sPipium in inzperio. He connected the Poor rels ~ ii , l the Corn -laws, and he trusted the House would : t plYCl a '„" e Government the necessity of re-considerit g the bas l4eys,4es.'rh tone of the Under- Seci e'asy for the Colonies, Ilift' tit hv was that ot unmitigated hostility to the Poor-laws. 1 1 1 ,.. li ntti j,‘L'ilett the excitement subsided,. anot . her , gentleman to ,'T, he had d refer, stated, that, on the subj . ec., of the Poor 4:'Wt s , just t?it changed his . opinion. He said he thought it tr °4 l3e to , that a Commission should take upon itself the I, 4 4 try ~,,nt of the poor throughout all England, that a discre- LwotifF,'Y e r ought to be vested in the local at; thorities, that th 7. ., if Wait lik ,. e. t . , o . lee such a law as the old Poor-law would have k Q k ti l l 'au been duly administered. Now, who did they 4 , t a h oi everson who used that language ? It was a gentle star ng s a high post in the present Government, the Under ,slr it) , State for the Home Department. . 'iel; I. • SUTTON had no hesitation in repeating the wort 4 . . 5 h _ a jl'eli, t oo made use of. But there were parts of his speec 0 eau; H O n• Gentleman did not Quote. No one was more 'A "'need than he of the great and mischievous abuses k td t ' o eod th er e d 'With re. ,a change in the old law . necessary. l Op 44 ,eltior i t' or l`. ew Poor-law, he wished to entertain any v ~ obj ect • ansehoration of the harsher clauses of that law. Lt 4 Pip agoing into Committee was to revise the clauses , viiii iiii ' i ' la t b , i a . nd to introduce : such clauses as the House might i.t thatg to.insert ; and he did not consider that in consent iwseli . th e Howe should go into Committee, he rendered ‘le, e to the•eharges which the Hon. Gentleman had 1 0 11°° • ez t a trai r J OHNSON Said' he would put , it to the Right ~,t9 is to "et whether it was p oss ibl e on th e p resen t occasion 1.•" 1 4 5 a i l the details of the measure ? He thought it )•t s . tleither creditable to the Government, nor satisfac ktwsestn•e e tiontfy, that the Bill should be passed in the pre or siori. lithillsett R USSELL said he had interfered as little as pos- L t P r o L. t hese discussions, thinking that he would best assist Int o e ss of the measure by leaving it in the hands of the % 1 s Zent• But on the last occasion when he spoke on thne,.. t • he stated that he thought the best rt to 5 -4e sti be to go into Committee on the Bill, ), 1 " 1 .14 c 'hsider the first four or five clauses, to which . the estl 4 ;, ber for Durham had alluded, and then to consider ‘7,,Svkii,,tnere would be time and opportunity for discussing all 4 ;l tt , ?"s clauses in detail. Those clauses embraced many Ibit 'l,4cleding the Gilbert Unions, the School Districts, and (It(t,sta.., Clauses, on which, meat differences of opinion pre -I?kktfr..4e thought that when the Government had gone int o bee and and disposed of the earlier clauses upon which the Os, as pretty we ll agree d , t h e G overnment should listen ?, e asy which might be made as to there net Tits ti l he to go i nto the whole question. The greatest op toi,llthe Bill a d m it te d t h at an i mmed i ate cessat i on of the l i lts: l °n, would he attended with great inconvenience. v tI e „, ;. ,STIJART WORTLEY said the first clause to ti.. . the Led was, that which related to the continuance p'tito• Commission. If they passed the first clause, Osi t it tt the Commission for five years, it would not then be i L lltt power to retrace their steps.—(Hear, hear.) The i'sls" s " ° "-• Baronet thought, that if the teen of the Com as.. %s /.'all not extended to five years, and if the proposition eV". Member for Finsbury were adopted, it would tend V L t 1 4 ,, - ! t he. Commissioners before the country, and render ki h "' - 4 ,'" i a• He (Mr. Wortley) could not come to any -l 'ehl ) -u aion. He thought the House had already pro -1,14) b e so decided an opinion upon that point, that it . would k th t ast 4ng any slur or stigma on the Commissioners I,L, 0 „.!Y were only continued for one year. . He . thought . . Zell t i;" would do right, considering the peculiar position in st' l ;'ilher e Ve...,cre placed, to adopt the suggestion of the Hon. kt:". w ere F insbury, and continue the Commission till next r letsi :: t l'e meantime the Bill could be considered, and c °4 l J!it.'4 v atious provisions could be discussed.—( Hear.) t ts 4 : l „ e 'st 13td 4 1 , 5 ; - ELL said that the Hon. Gentleman certainly t t. ' n 'aee '7, 1 if he supposed he was not in favour of the %Ittlr RAPES „ s lih n '' d ecide ~..'. 4 said, that if the opinion of the ma j or i ty was "%,,. -P at'v 0 question, there was an end to the utility of a Iv 1 was e ; aS :enibly . ( Hear, hear.) If the sense of the ti l e to lta rs,ih tl- e iae ,our - o . f — the con tinuance of the _Commission for , 4 _s asked Other clauses might be considered in detail. All m i, I, 4l aeto l ' '''as, that the House should proceed with I lt L S eG ",lts of the measure with as much haste V b ial 4 ' llt ent with due deliberation.—( Hear, hear. ) :N it y the any any intention o f . forcing the Bill upon the 'tits ill 'ita 6t rPngth of a majority ; but, on the other hand, . tte4 te tn et , l , , that if they s anctioned the principle that a nu- , t Ltit'f" 4- eb*truct anlaority, they would be establishing a Zlp th . ‘sted ° t :: o verruling by a despotic power the popular will. ,7 4 ,1 4 1 14 .. :. 81 the 'resent opposition would subside before the h 'itt e ,, -, 7 ii ta ann- 1 If parties were dissatisfied with the con -44i„"4, Q th.s9e Commission, after the changes that might be 4 e 1 ,,,1nf ,IY tvnilld take the sense of the House on the third ittei' l ltlt ,i.": till. The Government were prepared to abide k tii t h 41h-t;fe.° discussion ; and all they asked was, that no ire. '"ction should be offered to the progress of the 1 4. r. i ke l°l 4 COMBE suid that he did not mean to offer any lip 0 • . N I . t ha PPosition to the Rill. But he still felt that they Wsk4,ldersti,,W Baincient time to bestow upon the measure that %it " lis -4 which it deserved. He had not said that there sts t4.4 . very great inconvenience felt if the Commissio . n were Rt o 'llip t Out he had said that if the were determined on 1 / 4 t4 Pir e t " Commission it would not - be advisahle to allow ' f itl, P i llt. IN'ge }3;p"rtKE thought it Would be impossible to proceed kttess'intnW;th any satisfaction to the country during the N u , A kg, ttit t h e . - 1. Could not consent to the consideration of this I t ` 1 in g Post re ti 4 re vi . Ported. He could not . un . derstand those who Itt t* ,v i i t f _sion of the Poor-law Bill inviting the Government 111'"s et ., u r another year. He was most anxious to see the i st P . L A Lied. le Wis Ws , 11 , 4 11, 4 Yes ' . )N thought it would be better . to pass the law e ;tll., to k r ,' a nd consider the proposed Bill next session. 'llt t 1 11 Iv '''sw whether the bight Hon. Baronet would pass Si t i ' l !( l ij i i i r e ls,,t the first clause, as such a pledge would info f7l th 4 A NI Lawson's) vote? iNs, t ,t ii brasS GRAHAM said he hoped the House would t t l i st i ctt ee w t very inconvenient on the point of going into with p c ' give an a ccoun t o f t h e con d uc t o f th e G ove rn- IN to h "Peet to a certain cia.use. He should be most s t tl,wot s ,, a ve the sup Port of the Hun. Gentleman, but he i)thrtslifelnre the lion. Gentleman's vote by giving the pledge fabl e hon . • He (Sir James Graham) concurred with his LNI pipe Friend and the Noble Lord oppo s it e , th a t it was 111 4 e e i ' ti ent that they should as soon as possible pass the or di 4 u ses in the Bill seriatim. The opinion of the House tik t °rpiiisZrtained in a ve r y s h or t t ime , on the Hon. Mem ik.ll4,, n e ."*Y's motion as to whether the Commission should 11 74 • tifzi r lears or a shorter period. 4t ''t s o tt i L l t (I,4LEY said he must confess that if he wished to Ltlil y te % e minent unpopular, it would be by recommending 0 1 . ,. k m ey were row adopting. He thought it was un -0+11,4 th unbecoming in them to go into Committee ona S'‘,,,i Of iillt.on the 1 2th of July, knowing, as they did, that st tt b lVti , etr supporters were pledged to the country again . ,"11 19 , vta i T:,) T intention of the Right Hon. Baronet evi itt4,.'44,%.; get th e uile clauses passed, and then abandon the klti: Of t - I,` the Bi e ll and pass a short Bill. He hoped the ~;ilt: , e Hon. Gentleman the Under-Secretary of State )," ; 4tr i . t il - ! r ) epartment would be better received in Cam t ti n t h''• efoliki be in the House. Commthe Hon. Gentleman ib tl4l, • l q, l e pto-,..eeorontinuance of the mission for five years, (it:teotinr n . it at present possessed, he woul d . be acting 4 41 i qtt, b Y with the declarations he had made at his election. i llt 4stri4Mdley) would move as an amendment that it be I lle l ' l ste r O u ' i a to the Committee to give the Commissioners L lr t at: s tll 4l3 l nakin g ru l es an d regulat i ons for the conduct a ItoZt,i x.E , 401 % 7 h ot, in rt . was understood to say that the Hon. Mem vrt 4; lit A } } ; ? sent of order, move such an instruction. I .4t t ' , lt o 'ITHCOTE thought it would be better to pass a 4 t lei, continue the Commission for a year. The next til l to Not b ltd ad d , e a Severe one, and the Poor-law was caleu -6 CO to th _ ii,Ap tt . reli ef. " Pressure of the distress by the refusal of e to L4 Pto 1 11, t tse wh.-;_HELL thought lie need offer no apology for l i l tt i t, Ah h!cn he feltduty to pursue with regard to the 61. tht 4t tO t ti o i ght Hon. Baronet himself was, in a great in ea -1 1-1 0 , • ti!ble for the delay which had taken place. The 4 13,4t e t °,,ris,7 r onet had quoted a letter, obtained by surrept2-: k i‘ t 4 s,„ titti on °r t he purpose of showing that one man in . the N h ga =lit, favourable to the Poor-law Commission. Ilt ,;ge - ",Pel him to read to the House letters from so tkalt."°Ole n :_'"ms and unions that the discussion they would ,? CPCr,uPY the whole week. Ost , 4 ern ) d ' NELL said that no one could blame tiNititttlat4itnt for not having brought on this Bill before it i l etl e i tdri t w°fasgreat importance had beer, discussed. But he_ . tl t aroit'toutterly impossible, at this late period o l f i tl i :tv, , cti ou - s su'eass all the various clauses of this Bill in a i t h li ttbj .o. .. hi instance, the school districts was quite twtktti)lll4t4ttheitistrido7ne would suggest the necessity of postpo ring , and bringing it on early next session, when ho,, r to: le lso,,, se Y of l k e ussed• He did not mean to give his into t ....- . rowin g o a ny obstacle in the way of the 1,111, t ti c t l uot , t ts- Zanveletinn that it s better for the interests of the ' th!.tht f l og Biii to next year. tty " t on; .'u eoncurred in the opinion expressed by the tp; th„, f „Pest n „ bt !etnals who had just sat down as to the pro t4‘qem t i ti n10,1: 4 ' 11 1 the Bill. He (Lord Sandon) thought Vid i tl Y !e k i si - 4 7 ought to have another year's trial before per -114 t roT tl ,.. a 'lng on the subject after which Government k,,Sa. ,Ntln tr -e a Bill Which would h ' ave a more beneficial effect l i kt• "' Qpti s at larg e. t itthee 11 Alkl • 1t,,,, e r 1 0 to th e a s a id he rose for the purpose of giving two liNs 3 NI th e • ° ate. The first was that nothing could be tl: t tv % toe r . . intention of 0 a,. slll u e d 1 her Majesty's Government than sc. "are 1 ' Y. When the attendance womild be thinned. ci ,S l h i g ', -P re l ak th, e obstacles which existed to` the progress of ihi abl e f uLy next Tuesday was the pc riod when he t,4,4..er,tien itrt i h ni e p r o t r o ta .i n ir c o e c w ee il d vnt i o ith the Bill ;, but it was not '''' r su'ell h . e r 114a JestY's Government to press forward a in consequ pace of the ad, vanced period of the session, Cse attendance would be thinned. In that eas. , , the torso of the Commission being extended, it would be the duty of iii.nself and his colle:ques, at the earliest period possible in the neat se,sion to bring forward a measure in detail, containing all the amendments which their present experience and the experience of the interval of the next winter might. dictate.—( Hear, hear.) For the spirit of those amendments he referred his Noble Friend, the Membor for Liverpool, to site course which had lately been pursued by the Commissioners relative to the rAief of the poor, as well as to the enactments themselves. Now, the second assurance which he considered it necessary' to give was as an equally important point. He could not, consistently with his duty, consent to shorten the period for which it was proposed to ex tend the Codimission.—( Hear, hear.) He had on former oc casions stated that he was convinced that the renewal for a short term, anything like an annual term, would be inconsistent with the authority, and being inconsistent with the authority would be fatal to the effisierscy of this measure.—(Hear, hear.) From the present circumstances of the country—circumstances which they all deeply deplored—the Commissioners in entering upon the discharge of their duties would have to encounter peculiar difficulties. It was necessary, therefore, that they should be armed with full authority, and their authority would certainly be incomplete if, after having had five years' ex perience of the manner in which they had performed their functions, they should either limit to a short period the duration of the Commission, or curtail the authority of the Commissioners.—(Hear.) He was most anxious that the question of the duration of the Commis.. sion should at once be disposed of. The matter was now fairly before the House. He thought they should then go into Com mittee, and if the Government were out-voted on that point it would clear the ground for proceeding further with the Bill. After a few words from Mr. VERNON, the House went into Committee on the Bill, Mr. GREENE in the Chair. On clause 1 being proposed, Mr. SHARMAN CRAWFORD rose to propose the amend ment of which he had given notice. He hoped that her Ma jesty's Government would not imagine he was actuated by any factious motives in proposing his amendment. The powers possessed by the Commissioners were of an arbitrary character, and therefore he was of opinion that this clause should not be passed for any prolonged period. He would refer to the clauses in the Bill whi.:h conferred this power on the Commissioners. The Honourable Gentleman then referred to the different clauses which conferred the power of which he complained. He objected to those clauses which placed irrespon sible powers in the hands of the Commissioners. He considered the conduct of the Commissioners improper in the extreme ; and it was not until he had brought the subject before the House that they relaxed their regulations. He did not defend the old system, but he thought when Commis sioners were appointed to carry out a new system, it was not right that such cruelty should be exercised as had taken place. Looking at the Act of Elizabeth, he found that relief was provided for the maimed and the impotent. He would ask whether such provisions were made under the Commission ? The powers conferred on the Commi.4sioners were utterly incon sistent with the principles of the Constitution, and such as no Legislature ought to confer on any individuals. The Hon. Gentleman concluded by moving that the blank be filled up with " 1843" instead of " 1847." . . . Mr. FERR AND seconded the motion. The Poor-laws had roused the opposition of all parties throughout the north of England, as vs as proved by the petition he had presen'ed to the House, signed by 4,0i;0 persons. The Honourable Member then read a Report of Mr. Mott, in which he stated that relief was given in the Keightley Unton in aid of wages. He (Mr. Fer rand) was there to say that such was not the case. Mr. Mott said that rents were paid to an alarming extent, but he (Mr. Ferrand) had the evidence of Sir John Walsham himself, who said that no such thing had taken place. He (Mr. Ferrand) knew that rents were not paid by the Board of Guardians in Keightley. Mr. lllott said the paupers insolently claimed relief as a right, but he (Mr. Ferrand) denied that such was the case; the reci pients of relief had expressed the deepest gratitude for the assistance rendered them. This was an untruth on the part of Mr. Mott, and a calumny on the poor in the parish. He went on to say that no efforts had been made to supply the paupers with work, but he (Mi. Ferrand) was there to deny that such was the fact. He went on to say that the education of the children was neglected. This was untrue. He (Mr. Ferrand) knew that Mr. Mott had never set a foot in the workhouse since he had been a guardian. Mr. Mott knew nothing of the Keightley Union. He then went on to say that the disputes 'in the Board of Guardians had been caused by the Magistrates of the town. This he (Mr. Ferrand) deniel, for the Magis trates never interfered at all except in their ex officio character. The Magistrates only consulted the interests cf the poor in taking the course they did. Mr. Mott said that Bingley work house was in the middle of the town. Such was not the case, for it was outside the town, and was open on one side to a park of sixty acres in extent, and on the other to a garden of two acres in extent. He (Mr. Fer rand) was there to say that a case of fever had not occurred in that workhouse since its formation. lie then said that the living were often associated with the dead. This had never occurred but once, and then it was with the consent of the parties in the room. An old man had died, aged 82, and, in a few days after, another old man died, and the governor of the workhouse came to take the body away, and the inmates of the room said they would rather he remained there, as they had been friends together, and they did not wish to be parted till the last. That was the only time that the living had ever companioned the dead. He hoped that in future, the Right Hon. Baronet would have something better to go upon than the scandalous reports which had been laid on the table. He (Mr. Ferrand) believed that these men had been sent down to get up these things to be used against him (Mr. Ferrand). He had the greatest pleasure in seconding the motion of the Hon. Member for Rochdale. Mr. AGLIONBY hoped the Right Hon. Baronet would consent to the Commission being continued for one year instead of five. This was not an ordinary case of the continuance of t Com mission. The state of the public business was such that it was impossible duly to consider the importance of extending the period. He thought the clauses relating to the extension of the Commission should have followed the other clauses of this Bill.—( Hear, hear.) It was morally certain from what had passed that evening, that the Government tiouid not go on with the: Bill during the present session. The Bill, so far as its details were concerned, was at an end. Under all circum stances, he thought it would be unwise to confer large and un known powers upon the Commissioners, leaving the details to be settled next year. He had never joined in the outcry against the New Poor-law, but he thought it would be well for all classes that they should confine the extension of the Commis sion to a single year, and he would vote most cordially for its continuance for that period.--(Hear, hear.) Mr. HARDY said his former opposition to the New Poor law had been founded on the belief that it was passed for the benefit of the rate-payers, and not for that of the poor. He still objeeted to it on the same ground. All his experience in his own district tended to strengthen the objections which he entertained to the measure. The great evil of the system was the refusal of temporary out-door relief. Under the old law, if a weaver came from a distant part of the country, and did not receive sufficient to maintain his family, he could obtain through the overseers temporary relief; under the new law, all such temporary aid was refused. The poor Nene in fact entirely at the mercy of the body of the Commissioners, who knew nothing of their circumstances. Entertaining these ob jections to the law, he should support the motion if the Hon. Member for Rochdale. Sir C. NAPIER said although a young Member, he must say he thought the Hon. Member for Knaresborough was irregular in referring to the Report upon the Keightley union, before that Report had been laid on the table. The Hon. and Gallant Member then entered into a defence of the Reports of Mr. Mott, and Sir John Walsh= connected with the Keightley union. The Honourable Member for Knares borough made accusations without proof, and instead of waiting for a reply, walked out of the House, and he dared say would return by and bye, and say that his: ;cha ges had never been replied to, but that they were all a "set of humbugs." He thought the term " humbug " was much more applicable to the Hon. Gentleman himself. Mr. LIDDELL said he should give his support to the motion of the Hon. MemLer for Rochdale, hoping the Govern ment would be able in the next session to introduce a measure which would be more satisfactory than that which was under discussion. If they could bring in a law more in accordance with the spirit prevailing in different localities, he should have no objection to vote for the continuance of the Commission. He could not see why they should adhere so rigi,lly to the system of dividing the whole country into unions, especially when there were localities in which the management of the poor had been conducted in a perfectly satisfactory manner. As long as he saw a desire in the Com missioners to carry on every thing by their own square and rule manner, regardless of local feelings, he should refuse them his support. He believed a different course was quite possible. The new system differed entirely from the old one in the appli cation of a workhouse test before relief was afforded, a distinc tion that always ought to be borne in mind. Mr. HAWES met the objection of the Hon. Member to the workhouse test, by asking what they meant to substitute for it? They had never yet heard any clear or well defined system from the declaimers against the present plan. He contended that there never was a period whenthe wants, and wishes, and interests of the poor, were more consulted by public men than at the present time. 'I he present )lan was far superior to that adopted in Scotland. He also pointed out, that under the old system it was never worth white to found political attacks upon it ; hut this system was extensively adopted now, as they had got responsible public officers. A% to the Bill before the House, having passed the continuation of the Bill, he *did not see that his Hon. Friend could offer any opposition, as all the remaining clauses went to mitigate the evils of the Bill. Hitherto he had not seen any relaxation in the system of ad ministration under the Bill since the Right Hon. Gentleman came into office. He should give the Bill his support if the Right Hon. Baronet pressed it on. Mr. PETER BORTHWICK did not impute to the Hon. Member for Lambeth any charge of cruelty when he imputed to him, and those who acted with him, the Bill that was now upon the table of the House. He accused the Bill of k carrying cruelty in its bosom. In the borough which he had the honour to represent, whilst tie condition of the poor was grievously deteriorated, the poor-rates had increased threefold; and he must therefore deny the assertion that the measure was one either of humanity or economy. The Bill ought to be framed with a regard to the wants and the necessities of every class of her Majesty's subjects, and of every district in her majesty's dominions. The question before the House was whaler the Commission was to be continued for five years or for ore only. The Hon. Gentleman opposite (Mr. Hawes) was in favour of continuing the Commission for five years, and leavin g it to Parliament to determine next year what the powers should be. Could any. thing be more monstrous ?—( Hear.) For his part he would not consent to the continuance of the Commission for one hour, because he thought it monstrous that the poor should be the only part of the community entirely at the merry of a despotic power.—(Hear.) He was not bound by any pledges to his con stituents on this question, for they contented themselves with informing him of their objections to the existing system, and leaving it to him to judge of the merits of any measure which the new Government might propose. But even if the opinions of his constituents were opposed to his he never could give his vote for the continuance of so unconstitutional and oppres sive a system.—(Hear, hear.) He wished it at the same time to be distinctly understood that his accu .sation was not made against the gentlemen who at pre sent held the Commission, but against the Commission it self. 'raking for granted that the Bill before the House was the best that her Majesty's Government could devise, after a consideration of nine months, coedit it be expected that the House would be able, within little more than nine hours, to judge of its merits, in all its multifariois details?—(Hear.) But the Right Hon. Gentleman (Sir J. Graham) said that all the alterations made from the former Bill were mitigations and ameliorations. But was the suppression of the Gilbert Unions en amelioration ?—( Hear, hear)—and were they to agree to its enactment for fire years without examining it in all its parts? He ‘ vould take every opportunity of expressing his disapproval of it, by his vote in that House. Mr. C. WOOD thought that the opposition to the Bill was made by gentlemen who were ignorant of its principles and its operation. No petitions against the workhouse test had been presented Lworn those unions in which it had been enforced. ( Hear.) 'I be petitions came from the mansfacturing districts, nut one of which had been subjected to is. He contended, from his experience of the union of Colne ' that the condition of the poor had been great l y im p roved, that the medical at tendance was far better than it had ever been before, and he could see no reason why its beneficial effeets should rut be ex tended to every other district in the kimdom. Tke work house test, if properly applied, was a sound est of the efaciency of the Poor-law, and he thought the Cornnission ought to be allowed to continue to prevent a lax, athniotratiott of thatteest. The substitution of Boards of Guardians for Overseers was a vast improvement in the administration of the law; but even those boards ought not to be left to themselves. There was an absolute necessity for control boing exercised by some body, such as the Commission, ever them. With respect to the con tinuance of the Commission, he could not agree to the shorten ing the period to less than five years, and even at the close of that period he believed that there would be as great a necessity for the conti,luairze of the Commission as there new was. Under the old law a good administration existed no doubt in some localities, while in the neighbourhood of those localitie, there was a very bad administration ; and it was by the Commission that a uniformly good adminis tration was introduced throughout the country. With respect to what had been said as to the passing of all the clauses of the Bill on the present occasion, as far as his opinion went he must say he had no objection to the passing of all the clauses of the Bill. Lord SAND ON said that if he looked on the powers of the Commissioners in the same light as the Hon. Gentleman who had just sat down, he too would be for the continuance of the Commission. If those powers were to be confined to super• vision and reporting, without the Commissioners making laws, taking on themselves the power of deciding how the law should apply to one locality and how to another, thus drawing distinc tions between different parts of the country, if such powers as these were not in the hands of the Commissioners, he would have no objection to the existence of a Central Board. To pre vent abuses of the powers of the Commissioners, it was neces sary to limit their duration. He certainly objected to the con tinuance of this Commission for five years, and he would there fore vote for the motion of the Hon. Member for Rochdale. Sir J. GRAHAM said he was unwilling.to trespass on the time of the House, as he could not forget that they were now advanced to the fifth evening in the discussion of this subject, and had made but little progress in the present clause. Still his respect for the Noble Lord who had just sat down was such, and his regret so great at the opposition which the Noble Lord had thought it his duty to give the measure, that he (Sir J. Graham) could not remain silent after the Noble Lord's address to the House. He could not understand how his Noble Friend, entertaining the opinions that he did of the Commission, could consent to its renewal for a single day. His Noble Friend adopted the opinion of the Hon. Member for Rochdale, that the discre. tionary powers given to the Commissioners were unconstitu tutional. Now he ( Sir J. Graham) thought that no term was less applicable to those powers than that of unconstitutional. It was a mistake to suppose that the Commissioners were ir responsible for the power they exercised. The Minister of the Crown was liable to be asked respecting any irregularity in the administration of the law, and if he was not able to an swer, he referred to the Commissioners, who made a report on the fact; and if that was not considered satisfactory, a Committee of the House was appointed, as happened in the case of the Keightley U nion.— ( Hear, hear.) The Hon. Mem ber for Knaresborough said he was there to assert and prove. He was there to assert, he ( Sir J. G.) well knew.—( Hear.) The House would remember the assertions then made by the Hon. Gentleman, and the evidence taken before the Commit tee would show whether the statements of Mr. Mott and Sir J. Walsham were unfounded or not.—( Hear, hear.) The Noble Lord, the Member for Liverpool, said the workhouse test was universal. Now the application of that test was en tirely under the control of the Commissioners, and that brought him to the advantage of vesting a discretionary power of relief in the Board. What was said by the Hon. Member for Halifax was perfectly true, that the universality of the law would render it inapplicable in many cases where different cir cumstances required it to be variously applied. He had stated that the number of persons who were receiving parochial relief amounted to 1.300,000, but of them only 192,000 received in door relief.--(Hear, hear.) That showed the test was not universal in its application.—( Hear, hear.) What was the state of things under the old law? In 1803 the population was 8,872,000, and the number of persons receiving relief amounted to 1,040,000. In 1815 the population was 10,150,000; the number of persons relieved amounted to 1,290,000. In 1841, when the population was 15,900,000, the number relieved amounted to 1,300,000. It had been stated by the Hon. Member for Durham that the workhouse test had only lately become the law of the land. But that was a mis take; that ens the law from the year 1779. Another Honourable Member had stated that they must travel two hundred miles to the Central Commission to obtain relief. Now on the contrary there were four sources from which relief might be obtained—the Relieving Officers, the Board of Guardians, the Overseers, and, in case of sickness, the resident Magistrate. Applica tion could be made to the Board of Guardians and then to the Assistant Commissioners, and, if that was not sufficient, to the Central Board itself. It was said that was an ineffi cient appeal which was made to the Assistant Commissioners, as they considered themselves bound to protect the rate payers. He could only say if that was so they mistook their duty, but he knew it was not the fact. The real ques tion was, whether the Commission was so com posed as to command the confidence of the House. If their rules and regulations were, on the whole, satisfactory, he did not think there could be any doubt that they ought to be continued for five years. He confessed he had the strongest opinion of the expediency of continuing the central control, and he stated that its continuance for five years would be a mark of the confidence of the House being placed in it, which was of the utmost importance.--( Hear hear.) He trusted he would be able to go on with 711 the clauses of the Bill, and no further obstruction would be thrown in its way; but, on the whole, he was of opinion that it would be impolitic to shorten the dura tion of the Commission for any term less than five years. Lord SANDON explained. He did not say it was the universal practice to refuse out-door relief, but he said that it, appeared by last year's Report that the Commissioners were fa vourable to that. view. —(I-fear, hear.) Mr. FERHAND, in explanation, said that tfie Hon. Member for Halifax having made a charge of rather a personal nature against him, he would only beg of the House to wait till the evi dence taken before the Committee was laid on the table and compared with the Reports. Sir. C. WOOD was not aware of having made any charges against the Hon. Member, further than to say, that certain alle gations were proved to have taken place in the union of which he (Mr. Ferrand) was a member. He stated that upon the authority of an Hon. Gentleman near him, who told him that the allegations made were proved generally. _ _ Sir B. HALL wished to make a few observations on the present question. The Right Hon. Baronet had referred to the Union of St. Pancras in a former debate, and used the statements he then made as an argument for the continuance of the Commissioners. The abuses, he stated, did exist, it was true, but the Right Hon. Gentleman ought to be aware that these abuses existed under an inefficient management. In the parish he represented he could assure the Right Hon. Baronet tho children were well attended to, and there was no occasion for the Commissioners coming there, and exercising their jurisdiction. He should vote against the continuance of the Commission for five years. Air. TROTTER, as a representative of West Surrey, believed he was doing his duty to his constituents by voting for the adoption of the first clause of the Bill. As to the time for the continuance of the Commission, he had received no inti mation from his constituents as to their opinions, but for him self he thought it was bad to agitate the question from year to year. General JOHNSON considered the Commission objection able and he should therefore vote against Its continuance. Mr. BUCK concurred with the opinions that had been ex pressed by the Noble Lord the Member for Liverpool. He be lieved that the distress that existed in many parts of the coun try arose from the uncalled for interference of the Assistant Commissioners. He should therefore vote that the term of ex. istence of their powers should be as short as possible. Captain PECHELL would strenously oppose the further ex istence of the Poor-law Commissioners, believing that their acts were most unjust and uncalled for. The Hon. and Gallant Member then proceeded to read various documents, for the purpose of showing that the inhabitants of several districts were dissatisfied with the conduct of the Commissioners. He strongly disapproved of the principle of vesting the Com missioners with the power to abolish the Gilbert Unions; and, under those circumstances, he could not approve of the continuance of the Commission. Mr. AGLIONBY felt the importance of the present discus sion; and he should, therefore, address a few words to the House on the subject. He had already argued, and he re peated the argument, that it would not be advisable to continue the powers of the Commissioners until they should ascertain what those powers might be. But he believed that those powers could not be defined this session, and under those circumstances he could not vote for ar. extension of the Commission for a period of five years. He found that many of the supporters of the present Government had on a forioer occasion spoken against a similar proposal, and amongst others the Honourable Member for Kent (Sir E. Koatehbult) and the Honourable Member for East Sussex (Mr. Darby). He thought that those gentlemen were bound in cor.sistency to give their votes in favour of the amendment for limiting the authority of the Commis sioners to one year. Even the Right Honourable Baronet, the present Secretary for the Home Department, had expressed his disapproval of the principle of vesting the Commissioners with an unlimited control over the local authorities. He wished for his part that the whole question should be left open for the discussion of Parliament in a future session ; and he could not therefore approve of the principle of extending the Commission for the next five years. Mr. DARBY said that he had. on a former occasion, disap proved of the principle of extending the Commission, because he felt that no opportunity would then have been afforded of considering the various clauses of the Bill. But that opportu nity was now afforded, and the Bill might be discussed clause by clause. Mr. KEMBLE had not received any instructions from his constituents on the subject; but if he had he considered it would be his duty, as a Member of Parliament, to vote for what he considered best for the community at large. He should vote as he had voted last year. He had heard no argument for con tinuing the Commission for five years which would not equally apply to making the Commission perpetual, and it would have been more honest at once to propose its perpetuity. Believ ing the power of the Commission to be arbitrary and uncon stitutional, he should vote against the continuance of the Com mission for a longer period than one year, although he thought it it would be better that the Commission should continue for three years than for one. Mr. TROTTER explained. Mr. MUNTZ considered it to be the duty of a Member to do what he thought right; but, on this occasion, he went hand in-hand with his constituents, for they all agreed in detesting this unnatural and unconstitutional Bill. He could not under stand on what principle the Hon. Member for Surrey could propose to continue the Commission for three years; he ought to have proposed its abolition at once. lie should support the motion of the Hon. Member for Rochdale. He protestedagainst this law altogether. Mr. LAWSON objected to the application of the law to the northern counties. Strangers were then ordered to withdraw, and the Commit tee divided, when there appeared— For continuing the Commission for five years 164 For continuing it for one year 0n1y... ...... 92 Majority in favour of five years --72 On the gallery being re-opened, we found Mr. T. DUN COM BE taking an objection to the manner in which the Chairman had put the motion. Mr. GREENE explained the manner in which he had put the amendment. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER said that the printing of the words in italics was quite a modern practice, for the convenience of Alembers, and were left blank in the Bill itself. On the question that the clause stand part of the Bill, Colonel SIBTHORP stated his objection to the clause. He protested against the number and expense of the Assistant-Commissioners. They were a perfectly useless body, involving an expense of more than 641,000/. He thought they were perfectly justified in throwing every ob stacle in the way of the Right Hon. Baronet and the Bill. He should take the sense cf the Ilouse on negativing the clause. General JOHNSON said tint, previous to the Gallant Member's rising, he had moved that the Chairman report pro gress and obtain leave to sit again, and he thought that that question ought to be put first. After a short discussion, in which Sir .1. Gamiest and Ge neral JOHNSON took part, The question that the Chairman report progress was put from the Chair, when Lord WORSLEY said that after the speech of the Ho nourable and Gallant Member opposite (Colonel Sibthorp), he felt it his duty to state that in their county (Lincoln) their constituents took a different view from that taken by the Gallant Colonel. Colonel WOOD hoped that after to-night's discussion the House would be allowed to come to a decision that the clause stand part of the Bii. e the lesty's ant to 3n in- Tense innate r ele :lasses THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JULY 13, 1842. Strangers were then ordered to withdraw, and the Commit tee divided. For the motion Against it Majority against the m0ti0n...... —l62 Mr. FIELDEN then moved that Mr. Greene do leave the Chair. _ _ Me gallery was cleared for :a division, but none took place. On our entrance, Sir R. PEEL was on his legs. If the power which the House was possessed of was a good ome, he did not. think it right to abuse it.—( Hear, hear.) The House had already de cided upon the question of the continuance of the Commis sion, and he did not think that the course pursued by the Hon. Member was fair towards the House.—(Clieers.) Lord PALMERSTON was of the same opinion with the Right Hon. Baronet. He hoped the Hon. Gentleman would not persevere in pressing his motion against the general sense of the House.—( Hear, hear.) , 111;. -- FIELMEN thought after the numerous condemnations of the &ause as unconstitutional, it was fair of any Member to offer to it all the obstruction in his power. He should persevere in dividing the House against the further discussion of the clause that evening. Mr. ESCOTT thought that the opposition given by the Hon. Member for Oldham to the progress of the clause, could only be considered as a factious opposition. Sir C. NAPIER hoped that the Hon. Member for Oldham would not persevere in his 'notion, as it had been already shown that he had but sixteen supporters in the House. Colonel SIRTHORP said that he was opposed to the clause, but all he wished was that the sense of the House should be fairly taken on the subject. Mr. WARD thought it was manifest that the course taken by the Hon. Member for Oldham, if persevered in, would form a dangerous precedent, and could only lead to the total obstruc tion of public business. Mr. BROTHERTON hoped that the Hon. Member for Oldham would withdraw his motion ; although he could not avoid voting for an adjournment, at that late hour, if the ques tion went to a division. _ _ Mr. AGLIONRY also hoped that the Hon. Member for Oldham would withdraw his motion. Mr. R. YORKE did not wish to vote in favour of any fur ther adjournment, although he had been one of the minority on the last division. _ _ General JOHNSON wished for further time to discuss the clause, although he did not intend to offer any factious op position to its passing. Strangers were then ordered to withdraw, but the Committee did not divide on Mr. Fielden's moti?n for adjournment, which was put and negatived without a division. The Committee then divided on the clause, when there ap• peared— For the clause Against it Majority in favour of the clause...... —l2O The clause was then agreed to. The House then resumed, and the Chairman reported pro gress, and obtained leave to sit again. The other Orders of the Day were then disposed of, and the House adjourned at a Quarter to Two. COURT CIRCULAR. Her Majesty the Queen Dowager and her Serene Highness the Duchess of Saxe Meningen, attended by the Viscountess Barrington, Lady in Waiting en her Majesty, and Mademoiselle De Kaas, Lady in Waiting en her Serene Highness, arrived at Claremont on a visit to the Queen, soon after one o'clock yes terdav afternoon, from town. Their Serene Highnesses the Duke and the Hereditary Prince of Saxe Meiningen followed in an other carriage and four. _ _ _ The Illu,Trious party partook of a dejeune with her Majesty and Prince Albert, and their Serene Highnesses the Hereditary Prince and Princess of Saxe Coburg Gotha. Shortly before four o'clock the Duke and Duchess of Saxe Meiningen, and Prince George, the Hereditary Prin ce , t oo k leave of the Queen and Prince Albert, on their Serene High nesses' departere (this day) for the Continent, and left Claremont, accompanied by the Queen Dowager, for town. Their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Gloucester and the Duke of Cambridge visited her Majesty the Queen Dowager, and the Duke and Duchess of Saxe Meiningen yesterday. The Queen Dowager, accompanied by the Duke and Duchess, and Hereditary Prince of Saxe Meiningen, and Prince Edward of Saxe Weimar, attended by the Viscountess Barrington, and the Hon. Sophia Wheatley, honoured the performance of Mdlle. Rachel, at the Italian Opera House, ou Monday evening, with her presence. Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, attended by Lady Anna Maria Dawson, Sir George Couper, Baronet, and General Upton, also hon oured Mdlle. Rachel's performance with her presence. His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge, attended by Boron Knesebeck, left town at twelve o'clock yesterday, by the Great Western Railway, for Bristol. The Duchess and the Princess Augusta of Cambridge, attended by Lady Augusta Somerset, honoured the Duchess of Bnccleuch with their company yesterday afternoon, at Mon tagu House, at the public breakfast given by her Grace. 'I he Duchess of Kent took an airing yesterday afternoon in a carriage. The Duchess of Cambridge, and Prince George and the Princess Augusta of Cambridge, attended by Lady Augusta Somerset, honoured Colonel Bentinck with their company in Upper Grosvenor-street yesterday morning, at the dejeune given in honour of the nuptials of 'Captain the Hon. Frederick William Villiers, with the Lady Elizabeth de Rede de Ginkell. A Cabinet Council was held yesterday afternoon, at the Foreign-office. It was attended by Sir Robert Peel, the Duke of Wellington, the Lord Chancellor, Lord Wharncliffe, Duke of Buc:deuch, Earl of Aberdeen, Lord Stanley, Sir James Graham, Earl of Ripon, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Earl of Haddington, and Sir Edward Knatehbull. The Council sat an hour and a half. A deputation from the New Zealand Company, consisting of Mr. Sorties, Governor, Mr. Aldermaxi Thompson, M.P., Mr. John Abel Smith, M.P., Mr. C. Buller, M.P., Mr. Aglionby, M.P., Mr. Mangles, M.P., and Mr. Ward, Secretary, had an interview with Lord Stanley on Monday, at the Colonial-office. A deputation of tobacco-manufacturers of the Port of Lon don, including Messrs. Burlin, Roberts, Cecil, Huxtry, Proc tor, Rogers, and F. Lloyd; and a deputation of tobacco-manu facturers of Liverpool and Chester, including Messrs. Waream and Nicholls, had an interview with the Chancellor of the Exchequer on Monday, at his official residence, in Downing street. A deputation from Shropshire, on Lord Ashley's Mines and Collieries Bill, including Messrs. Anstice and Horton, had an interview with the Earl of Ripon yesterday, at the Office of the Board of Trade. GRAND POLISH FETE AT STAF FORD HOUSE ON FRIDAY NEXT. We are authorised to state, that in addition to the great attraetion of the German company, comprising Herr Staudigl and Demoiselle Lutzer, whose departure has been deferred expressly for the purpose of being present at Stafford-house, the services of Signors Rubini, Mario, and Ronconi, as also of Mesdames Persiani and Moltini, have bee n i n t h e handsomest manner tendered to and accepted by the Literary Association of the Friends of Poland, at whose Chambers, 10, Duke-street, St. James's, a few tickets, not transferable, may still be procured. It would be idle in us to offer a single word of encomium on the generous disregard of all personal inconvenience thus a se cond time evinced by the Duke and Duchess of Su therland in placing their splendid mansion at the disposal of the Association for the benefit of the Refugees, who, we understand, would have been left wholly destitute during the ensuing autumn but for this munificent act of generosity, which has no parallel save in the similar conduct of those illustrious persons the preceding year. Selfish and charitable mo tives might equally influence the brilliant throng of birth, beanty, and fashion, in obeying the summons of the Duchess of Sutherland next Friday, but we, who wish not at present to reason as deeply on the matter as it might well permit, cannot but find a sufficient reason for the extraor dinary demand for tickets which has taken place in the eclat which attended the similar fete of last year, and the novelty of beholding the rival companies of the St. James's and Ita lian theatres united to perform the sublimest of Rossini's compo sit ion 8, the " Stabat Mater," in one of the most costly and splendid mansions in this or any other country. Those who are anxious to be numbered amongst the " glittering throng" next Friday must make an early application at the chambers of the Asso ciation, 10, Duke-street, St. James's; hut we fear much, that notwithstanding the high price of the tickets, two guineas, and the timely warning given by the Press, there will be many, very many disappointed applicants. SUHOLES RACES. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. St a,—Herewith I beg to hand you one of our Bolton news papers. An article you will find—viz., " Scholes Races." I think if her Majesty can attend Ascot, Newmarket, &c., and greatly support them with her purse, the very poor of Scholes ought not to be deprived of this national treat, afterlilo many other privations.—l am, Sir, most respectfully, Bolton, July 11, 1842. NO CANT. The following is the paragraph referred to : " SciioLEs RACES. —This dangerous and disgraceful practice was resumed on Monday evening last. These races have, for a number of years past, been kept up annually ; but owing to an accident of a serious nature which befel one of the " jockeys," last year but one, they were put a stop to on the following anniversary. The reason of their again being resumed, we are at a loss t) conjecture. By this practice being allowed, a vast concourse of men, women, and children are collected together ; and while the horses arc capering and prancing,' many serious accidents might occur. We think it would be highly praiseworthy were the authorities to put a stop to such practices."—Bolton Free Press. [ls our Liberal Contemporary really serious when he pro poses to put down races because men, women, and children meet together in their best dresses, with joyful countenances— because horses " caper and prance," and serious accidents may occur ? He would of course put down all fairs, for a wild bull might break loose among the. men, women, and children—he would put down all balls, all religious and convivial meetings, because the floor might give way, or the roof, nay, perhaps, the sky fall, and cause "many serious accidents ;" th ere wou ld be an end to fox-hunting, to boat-racing , to cricket, to swim ming, which sometimes ends in drowning , and even to walking, which risks the safety of the tibia and fibula. H orses were made for running, men for active and darin g ex ercise, and those who are afraid to do what na ture teaches, should hide themselves in sequestered holes and corners, and s l eep with sthereiomuosl,easnad must have putndbats.Our C forth thisontempor solemnar yho wevers cannot b e warning to show the hypocrites a perfect specimen of the : reductio ad absurdum.] mornings t m he ail, R a o r.l y d al it Asse n t , on PulaAc FuniAL.--The intelligence that the annoyancesre garded f ci t s h i decisive 0 lfor Corporation,e ve r o f the thePre t j e o n x s lot ndwsiiifftilhurtestoeciugdttiaotani streets o f t h e AFTruidnaicyi,paalrrAivmodenbdymei%nitosn' Monday y ct z th d r s. There an l ed hal, among all dozen of classes of the citizens can better be imagin t e . described. During the earlier part of the day groups t _p e a i ra s d o e with satisfaction, and victory lighted ip a __h ; • ~, countenances. them ; and bonfires were lit in all directio - , w A a s s e n v o e t ni a ng st s r e e t et in in ta th r o ba o r l r d els an b d laz n e e d w up to i l li vn l l P. aeral pro l c e e d s s t i h o e n is. But all was lite rallyold Corporation, which was accomPaw .ed through the city by at nothing, when compared to the least thirty thousand persons ! W.' . have never witnessed so large a concourse in the streets ',..f Limerick at one funeral.— Limerick Reporter. in the course of' on , , month three suicides have been committed (says th . e Commerce) , by soldiers in the bri gades stationed outside - Paris, and employed on the fortifications. ' On the sth tilt., Re , usseau, a fusilier of the 65th, blew out his brains at Mop* . rou..e. On the Ist ult., Devaux, i n t h e same regiment, did the same, in the barracks at Alford ; an d mn the 4th, A agouin, a corporal of the 18th of the line, com mitted the li'Ke act at Charenton. A mef . ,ting of th e M e tropolitan Total Abstinence Associati on was held in the London Mechanics' Institution, yesterday evening., over which .1. S. Buckingham, Esq., pre sided ; the follow ing resolution was unanimously adopted with her:ty cheers :- _,. That this meeting has heard with regret and indignatir, n of the recent attempt on the life of our be loved Sovere'ign. It rejoices, however, that such attempts have proved abor.tive, and trusts that the Almighty, who has hitherto protected ' her, will still be her shield and defence, and bestow upon hei every personal and domestic blessing, and grant her lonc So reign over a free, loyal, sober, and happy people." full EAT TAKE or SALAION:•The salmon fishery in thi 3 neighbourhood has been more successful this seapon than for tna.ny years past. On Monday last no fewer than 1,000 fish were taken out of the Dee, while the daily average take has been, about 500. The fishing - has beep sueciessful almost all over Scotland.,., -Aberdeen Herald.' LATE EDITIONS of " THE SUN" in the CITY. MR. JOSEPH THOMAS, of No. 1 FINCH LANE, CORN HILL, has made arrangements by which the Public and the Trade play be supplied with a THIRD EDITION of " THE SUN " EVERY EVENING at HALF-PAST SEVEN O'CLOCK And Subsequent Editions when Published. • The THIRD EDITION of " THE SUN" contains the PROCEEDINGS of both HOUSES of PARLIAMENT up to SEVEN O'CLOCK, and all other important in formation accessible to that hour. On TUESDAYS and FRIDAYS a full Abstract of the " Lon don Gazette"—Bankruptcies, Promotions in the Army and Navy, &c. &c., will be found in this Edition, the importance 3f which will be appreciated by MERCHANTS and BANKERS for their FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE. Advertisements and Orders for " The Sun" received by Mr. Thomas, No. I, Finch-lane, Cornhill ; where also may be )btained Every Morning, before Eight o'Clock, " THE MORNING SUN." SUN." THEATRE-ROYAL, ENGLISH OPERA-HOUSE. THIS EVENING, JULY 13. The Performances will commence with the New Drama, called THE LONE HUT. Principal Characters by Messss. 0. Smith, Diddear, W. H. Bland, and Harley, Miss Murray, Miss Crisp, and Miss Faucit. After which, THE ILLUSTRIOUS STRANGER.—BowbeII, Mr. Harley; Azar, Mr. Bar Ker ; Niza, M•s. Hughes. To be followel by the Farce of A DAY WELL SPENT.—BoIt, Mr. J. Vining; Mizzle, Mi. Oxberry. To conelude with TEKELI.—Tekeli, Mr. J. Vining; Wolf, Mr. Diddear ; Isidore, Mr. Oxberry ; Bras de Fer, Mr. Ilarlay ; Chris. tine, Miss Crisp Boxes, 4s. Pit, 2s.— Gallery, Is. Doors open at Half-past Six; commence at Seven; Half.price, a Quarter before Nine. Private Boxes to be had of Mr. Grogan, at the Private Box-office; and of Messrs. Andrews, Mitchell, Sams, and Baily, at their Libraries. ROYAL SURREY THEATRE. THIS EVENING, JULY 13. . . Will be acted Autier's celebrated Opera of FRA DI AVOLO.— Fra Diavolo; Mr. W. Harrison; Lord Allcash, Mr. J, Webster; Lorenzo, Mr. Walton ; Beep°, Mr. G. Stansbury; Giacomo, Mr. Leffler; Zerlina, Miss Rom,.r ; Lady Allcash, Mrs. Serle. After which, THE ARTFUL DODUE.—Artful Dodge, Mr. G. Wild. To conclude with Leman Rede's JACK IN THE WATER. Places and Private 3oxes may be tad of Mr. J. Kerschner, at the Eox OtHce, from Eleven till Four daily. I At' ~ ••••','''',;,-• \ ' -.., - f?„pt .•'.:' 4 '. "., 0T "?,..-,5„....." 4 < yki s - . . —, 4 ^ '. - ' ' ''''.- ' .--"? ,S , O • -5 , 1 1. ' ".. n • ROYAL. SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS. The Nobility, Gentry, Subscribers, and the Public, are respectfully informed that ON MONDAYS, TUESDAYS, AND THURSDAYS, GRAND EVENING FETES will be given, in which will be em bodied all those popular Entertainments that have given to this favou. rite place of recreation its peculiar celebrity, with additions and in troductions, which render them mere generally attractive. The MENAGERIE has been enriched by many valuable and im portant acquisitions in the classes of both Quadrupeds and Birds. Feeding Time Five o'clock. The Colossal VIEW OF ROME has been repainted, and in some instances remodelled, with a Mechanical Tableau d'action, repre senting the Procession of the Papal Troops, Guards, and Roman Nobles, to the Castle of St. Angelo. Tha BAND includas some of the most eminent Performers, con lucted by Mr. Godfrey, and the Programme of the PROMENADES OSICA LES selected( rom the noblest works of the great Masters. The ILLUMINATIONof ST. PETER'S, the CROSS of FIRE, and the GIR A NDOLA of ST. ANGELO, with all the gorgeous Spectacles and magnificent introductions that have called forth ac clanmations of delight and admiration on each evening of their ex. hibition, terminating with the triumph of pyrotechnic splendour, the CASCADE of AgIILLIANT FIRE, SIX I Y FEET in height. The Gardens are ON Daily from Ten till Dusk. The Evening Fetes, with the Promenades Musicales, Illumination of St. Peter's, Girandola of St. Angelo, &c., will be given on Mondays, Tuesdays, and Thursdays. Admission One Shilling. All advertisements of a Disgusting Character, or Immoral Tendency, are excluded from the Columns of " The Sun." titg IV( • LONDON: WEDNESDAY MORNING, JULY 13, 1842. Sir ROBERT PEEL'S proposal last night to bring in a Bill for the better security of her MAJESTY, met with the unanimous and hearty approbation of the House of Commons, and will meet with the hearty approbation of the country. The Right Hon. Gentleman proposes to create no new treason, but to divest such mischievous attacks as have lately been made of the character and dignity of treason—to degrade them to the filth of petty larceny, and inflict on the offenders whipping and im prisonment. This Bill will subject such offenders to more speedy as well as simple justice, and it brings all possible attempts on her MAJESTY within the meshes of the law. That such a measure will be a more effectual protection for her MAJESTY than the present law of treason, is, we believe, the universal opinion; and it is generally thought that if any law can discourage such monomaniac attempts, it will be one which degrades the crime and the criminal. Sir R. PEEL'S Bill completely corresponds to the public sentiment, and may almost be said to be a law before it is passed. In the course of his speech, the Right Hon. Baronet informed the house that the Judges, the law officers of the Crown, and the members of the Cabinet, were unani mously of opinion that FRANCIS should not suffer the penalty of death. It is certainly satisfactory to them and the public to know that their merciful decision, in that case, had no influence in exciting the mind of the present miscreant to commit the outrage on her MA JESTY. He purchased his pistol, absented himself rom home, wrote his letter, and laid his plans, before the decision, we believe, was taken, and certainly before it was pro:nulgated. The hasty assumption that mercy was the parent of a fresh crime, which, in the first in stance, was generally adopted, is known to be an error ; and the Ministers have not to reproach themselves with any evil effects from misplaced lenity. Sir ROBERT PEEL quoted on Monday evening some specimens of the falling off and of the increase in the Customs' duties during the last quarter, to show the ef fects of changes in the tariff. Thus wine had fallen off 108,0001., timber, 113,000/., and coffee, 31,0001. On brandy and rum, also, there was a large loss. There was an increase of 113,000/. on sugar, of 34,0001. on molasses, on cotton wool 26,9801., on tea 16,718/. The Right Hon. Baronet attributed the falling off of the re venue to changes in the tariff, while the increase took place in articles which have not been meddled with. Such may be the case ; but there are some facts con nected with these several articles which warrant a dif ferent view. The tariff makes no change whatever in the wine , duties, none in the duties on rum, and none in the duties on brandy, and en all these articles of luxury there has been a great falling off. It is erroneous to at tribute that to the tariff. A more probable and a more alarming cause is that the middle classes—the master manufacturers and tip-top shopkeepers—finding their incomes running away from them, have ceased to indulge in wines and other spirituous liquors. Economy and morality recommend the giving up of that indulgence as one of the first curtailments of expense. That recom mendation has been acted on to a great extent, and the result is that the revenue on the luxury of wine and spirits has fallen off during the last quarter nearly one fourth. This is a pretty sure indication of much in creasing frur,,ality in the middle classes. The red , iction in the coffee duties is justly ascribed by Sir It. PEEL to his proposed change, for there is good rr,ason to believe, from the increased consumption of sugar, and the substitution of coffee for other drinks and for food, that more of it has been used. As to sugar, Sir R. PEEL knows that the increasedduty is the result of an increase in the supply. Mr. GOULBURN stated last year, in the debates on Lord JOHN RUSSELL'S proposal to re duce the sugar duties, that an increased revenue would be obtained from sugar without making the proposed reduction, because there was a greater quantity to come to market. On two or three subsequent debates the Tories, including Sir R. PEEL, plumed themselves on their sagacity, and disproved beforehand Sir R. PEEL'S Mon day statement as to sugar. Of the increase of duty on cotton wool, and on tea, we know nothing ; but it is to be rather attributed, we apprehend, to the peculiar state of the New Orleans and Canton markets, than to the tariff not having disturbed those duties. As to timber, Sir R. PEEL has on that point supplied beforehand some materials for doubting his accuracy. During a debate on the tariff, when he was asked to give the timber merchants time to clear off their stocks, &c., he taunted them with having last year, in expectation of a change, and of catching a large draw back, imported an unusual quantity of timber. There was, over-production then and collapse now, which accounts, as well as his change in the duties, for some of the reduction of the revenue from timber. We hardly know what Sir R. PEEL meant to infer from the figures he quoted, but the unaltered duties on wine and spirits, and the falling off in the revenue on them, is a proof, we are afraid, that another and a more baneful cause is at work to reduce the Custom-house revenue than the temporary disturbance caused by altering the tariff. Sir ROBERT, too, has frequently dwelt with com placency on the increase of exports. Did he include in his congratulations the thousands of ingenious emigrants and the property they take with them, for which no equivalent will ever be gained ? " Over 3,000 people," says a recent number of the New York Herald, " landed in the city of New York in the last two days, including agriculturists and all kinds of mechanics." We have no doubt that the bulk. of those persons went from Great Britain, whence a number little short of 100,000 will go this year. Persons of skill and property are running away from the wreck which awaits them here. Every one of them carries something with him, many of them carry a good deal ; what they carry or send swell the exports ; while, as the Custom-house returns show, the imports an. hninishing. But the imports, not the exports, enrich a country ; and Sir ROBERT PEEL is in the singular position for a Prime Minister of rejoicing over the double evidence of the nation's decay. Mr. FEBRAND presented a petition on Monday from workmen: in Queenshead, praying for a law to regulate wages accordin to the price of wheat. Earl STANgOrE, in the House of Lords, on the same evening, stated that an old Tory manufacturer of Yorkshire had assured him that unless the Parliament protected the wages of labour the consequences might be serious ; and Mr. COBDEN pointedly and emphatically assured the House of Com mons that as the Legislature had taken on itself to re gulate the price of food, so it was bound to ensure profit to the manufacturer and good wages to the labourer. Now, all these different authorities, two of them being at opposite political poles, point to the same conclusion as the necessary consequence of the Legislature under taking to regulate the price of wheat—the establishment, namely, of a maximum and a minimum price for all things, for which the first French Revolution ifs its pro gress was so fiercely condemned. What a task does the Legislature thus impose on itself. It must not only adjust the wages of the common manual labourer to the price of food, as that varies with the seasons, but it must adjust the rewards of skilled labourers in proportion to the time and education re quired to learn an art. It must also establish the rewards of new arts as they arise, and must equally apportion, in all cases, the profits of any new ma chine, between the capitalist who merely owns it, and the labourer who makes and uses it. To every man willing to work, to every man able to work, it will be bound to secure a fitting reward, as well as to the owner of rent and the owner of tithes. In truth, the practical establishment of St. Simonism, of which the main prin ciple is that the State should reward every man accord ing to kis works, is the necessary and inevitable conse quence of making a law to regulate the price of corn. Theprinciple of the maximum and the minimum has been , adopted for the landowners, and the starving labourers now justly demand its equal application to them. Such a system may be very benevolent, for the bene volence of our legislators, at least to themselves, is great; it may be wise, for the wisdom of our landowners is to us quite inscrutable; but though wise and benevolent, it is impossible. No human power can by design and will accomplish any such equal and just distribution of wages, profit, and rent amongst the different classes of the com munity. No Government that we are aware of has ever attempted it, unless it was that of the Jesuits in Paraguay ; and no Government can accomplish it for a society which is more enlarged and more complicated than that of a monastery. This impossible system, dis guised under the name of protection, is the system of our landlords. We must warn them, from the three examples we have quoted, that the plan of protecting native agri culture by securing a certain price for corn, involves for the State the impossible duty of securing an adequate and just remuneration for every labourer in the empire, and ensures, by making the Government itself on that principle an impossibility, the destruction of the Govern ment. The Ministers carried their object last night of con tinuing the Poor-law Commission for five years; never theless, it is again stated that they mean to give up the larger portion of the Bill, fearing that to pass the whole would prolong the session beyond endurance. RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR COLLECTING the INCOME-TAX. The following is a copy of the official regulations which will be issued to every person for the purpose of assessments of profits in trade, professions, : " County of • " Parish of " In pursuance of an Act passed in the sixth year of the reign of her present Majesty, for granting to her Majesty duties on profits arising from property, professions, trades, and occupations, you are hereby required to fill up such statements as are applicable to your particular case, and deliver the same, under cover and seal, at my dwelling-house, situate at or at the office of the Commissioners, at , within 21 days from the date hereof, under a penalty of 201., and treble duty. " RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR INCOME. " The tax under this schedule extends to all trades, professions, employments, or vocations, carried on or exercise .1 in Great Britain or elsewhere, by persons residing in Great Britain, or carried on or exercised in Great Britain by any persons, whether subjects of her Majesty or not, although not resident in Great Britain, and to every art, mystery, &c., carried on by them respectively other than quarries of stone, lime stone, slate, or Chalk, coal mines and other mines, iron works, gas works, salt works, water works, canals, docks, &c., right of markets, fairs, tolls, railways, and other concerns of a like nature. " The balance of profits of trade of manufacture is to be returned at the place where it is carried on, on an average of three years preceding ; or if set up within three years, on an average, from the pe riod of commencing the same, either ending on the day of the year when the annual ac counts of the trade have been usually made up, or on the sth April, 184 ; or, if commenced within the year of assessment, according to such fair computation, on average, as to the best of your know ledge and belief, you shall state, and shall be directed by the Commissioners. " In estimating the profits and gains in trade, "DEDUCTIONS ARE ALLOWED " For repairs of premises, or supply or repairs of implements, utensils, or articles employed, not exceed ing the sum usually expended for such purposes, according to an average of three years. "For bad debts only, or such part thereof as shall be proved to the satisfaction of the Commissioner to be such. " For any average loss not exceeding the actual amount of loss or adjustment. " And for the rent or value of any dwelling-house, or domestic offices, used for the purpose of trade, a sum not exceeding two-thirds part of such rent. " /.i0 DEDUCTIONS ARE ALLOWED " On account of loss not connected with or arising out of trade, &c. " Nor for any sums employed or intended to be employed as capital therein. "Nor on account of capital withdrawn therefrom. " Nor for any capital employed in improvement of premises not occupied for purposes of trade. " Nor on account or pretence of any interest which might have been made on capital if laid out at interest. " Nor on account of any annual interest, or any annuity, or other annual payment, payable out of such profits or gains. "Nor for any sum recoverable under an insur ance or contract of indemnity. " Nor for any disbursements or expenses which shall not be money wholly and exclusively laid out for trade, &c. " Nor for any disbursements or expense of main tenance of the parties, their families, or establishments. " Nor for any sum expended in any other domestic or private purposes distinct from the purposes of trade. " The 't rofits on professions, &c., are to be returned on the amount of the preceding year, ending as be fore ; subject to the like provision with respect to those profits as to profits on trade, or the setting up within the year of assessment. " The profits on all securities bearing interest pay able out of the public revenue (except annuities, divi dends, and shares payable out of any public revenue, or the interest o'z" East India Bonds otherwise charged), and all discounts and interest of money, not being annual interest, payable or paid by any person whatever, are to be returned on the full amount of profits and gains arising therefrom within the pre ceding year. " The profit from foreign possessions and secu rities, or in the British plantations, or in any other of her Majesty's dominions, may be stated to and assessed by the Commissioners of London, Bristol, Liverpool, and Glasgow, or nearest to such place where the property shall have been imported, or the persons receiving the remittances or value thereof re. side ; or, if imported or received in different parts, or in two or more of the outports above-mentioned, the whole profits are to be returned at each port ; but they are to be assessed upon the aggregate amount at each port only where the major part of the value has been imported or received. " The returns of profits arising in any other manner than as above described, comprehending every possi ble source of profit, of whatever nature or kind (not particularly described in the other parts of the Act), may either be formed on an average of years, if in their nature these profits are uncertain in their annual amounts, on the profits of the preceding year. " The Act imposes the obligation of making returns not only on individuals for whose benefits the profits are received, but also on trustees, &c., receiving the properties of others; and state in what capacity you make the return, whether on your account, or as trustee of any description for another, or as officer of any corporation or company ; and, acting in that ca pacity, you are liable to the same penalty for not making a due return of the profits you are accountable for as for your own profits. " You are not required to make any return of an nuities, &c., payable in Great Britai n ou t o f an y public revenues, or of the interest on East India bonds, the duties of, which are to be retained by the respective Corporations or Companies trusted with the payment of the same, unless the half-yearly pay ment of dividend does not amount to fifty shillings ; nor are you required to make any return of rents, an nuities, or interests of money, and other annual pay ments payable to you by others residing in this kingdom (unless such payments are derived from pro perty out of Great Britain), they being chargeable on the party by whom the payment is to be made, and will ultimately fall on you by from the a moun t a t th e ti me th e payment is made without a partic u lar assessment." wa y of deduction GENERAL DECLARATION. " I—, do hereby declare, that all the particulars required in this notice, to he returned as appertaining to me in relation to the duties on profits of property, trade, or profession contained in schedule —, are in every respect fully and truly stated, according to the best of my judgment and belief, and according to the rules and regulations of the Act of Parliament in that lielief made.—Dated this day of 184—. (Signed) 01 OVERTHROW OF THE INCOME TAX IN 1816. The upsetting of the Income-tax in 1816 was a measure which was carried by the sturdy, strenuous, and unflinching conduct of the great towns and bo roughs of the United Kingdom, in assailing the House with their unceasing and numerously-signed petitions, and by the bold and determined opposition within its walls. Among those who figure promi nently at this period, Mr. (now Lord) Brougham, ex erted his most: vehement powers towards the over throwal of this obnoxious tax ; he was the earliest in attacking it with his invincible and peculiar ardour, nor did he finally abandon the prosecution of it till, even after its abrogation, he had satisfied himself that every paper, which was blotted by the disclosure of men s private affairs and transactions, was either burned, torn up, or erased. This last interesting trait in the downfal of the measure we shall adduce, and glancing t then add various extr ac t s from speeches which we t h e a n v e e g f a t t h h e e C r e e d na t m o g e e n t s h , e H r , u b sye f h e yoeavrer 1816,tlxe re g s when the debates on the subject were strongest, and the measure was finally ejected. The fate of these Property and Income-tax Re turns on the final termination of the oppressive Act, was thus :—On the 30th of May, Mr. Brougham asked what steps had been taken for collecting the papers for the purpose of destroying them. The Chancellor of the Exchequer—" There is no wish to preserve the returns alluded to, and it was proposed, to erase the names of individuals from all returns. The returns would themselves not be entirely re turned, as it was necessary to preserve an account of the sums contributed by different classes." Mr. Brougham—" I have to express my doubt at this mode of erasure : I think the burning of the papers would be much better, and there is a public officer, not in great estimation, whose assistance for this pur pose might be very advantageously called in." PUBLICATION OF MEN'S PRIVATE AFFAIRS.—A curious fact occurred while the Act was in force, showing how subject the petitioners were to have their concerns laid open to a twain of inspectors and spies. A very respectable person, a ship-broker, had occasion to purchase an article at a cheesemongers, which he received wrapped up in a paper that proved to be, to his no small astonishment, the return of one of his friends and neighbours to the Commissioners of the Income-tax. A call was made by him on the gentleman to whom he stated the circumstance and they both called on the cheesemonger. The trades man told them he had lately bought a great deal of waste paper of the same kind, and they found upon further inquiry that the paper in question had been exposed to sale by the Commissioners, and consisted of the whole returns of what was commonly called their jurisdiction, but which was really their inquisi tion. Thus it appeared that the private affairs of all persons had been exposed, not only to the Commis sioners, but to the world, by their returns being ex posed to sale as waste paper. CASE or OPPRESSION.—The following case, one of frequent occurrence, appeared in that of a poor widow woman, who had the usual difficulty in ob taining the proper deductions, which was at the time a universal subject of complaint. This poor woman was proprietor of a house of 121. per annum, which was the greater part of her income. For this sum she had been assessed, and though she had made re peated applications to the Commissioners to have the deductions which the Act authorised in cases like hers, she could obtain no redress . She was obliged to pay for five years, and had contributed out of this poor pittance 61. to Government, before her case was attended to. Cases of such low assessment of course will not occur under the present scale of the Income tax, but similar sufferings will occur plentifully a grade or two higher. AN IRISH RETURN TO THE COMILISSIONERS.—The following whimsical return was made against the tax; as stated by Mr. Freemantle, in 1816, in the House, to an assessor in the county of Cork in this way : " Take notice, I have cut the throats of all my horses —I have shot all my dogs—l have burned all my ear riages—l have shut up all my windows—l have dis missed all my servants, except my wife—and there fore I conceive that I cannot be liable to any assess ment whatever." Sir James Mackintosh said in debate—" Petitions • pouring in from all parts of the country, universally agreed in describing the tax as the most unequal imposition ever designed by the ingenuity of man. An Hon. Gentleman had not considered it an oppres sive tax. Sir James would ask, was it nothing like oppression to drag the tradesman before Commis sioners, to whom he was compelled to disclose his most secret affairs, and having done so, to submit to the exercise of their inquisitorial authority, however unjust their decision, from whichthere was no appeal." Mr. Lushington, who spoke in favour of this tax, alleged that it would reach affluence in the hands of avarice, and to make use of an observation he had seen before, " it reached those who lived like beggars, and made them pay like gentlemen." Mr. Lambton said that "he need not himself recom mend that to the Government, which they had tried so long on the people of the country—profuse bleedinf. Whether the lancet or the leech would do best for this purpose, he did not know ; but possibly they would be able to obtain satisfactory information on this point from many of the commissioners of this very tax." " I have been informed," said Mr. Newman, in debate, " that in some parts of the country the prisons are so much crowded with farmers, confined for in ability to pay this tax, that some of the gaolers had refused to take any more for lack of room.' " As long," remarked Mr. Brougham, " as the tax is in existence, and the machine can be screwed up, we are not safe from its effects, and the country should know, that if it were not now entirely de stroyed, they could not hope for its destruction." "It was too easy a means," he continued, "of gratifying the Government passion for expense—by an infini tesimal turn of 'the screw, its produce might be raised or diminished to meet any demand. By it might be raised 1001., or fourteen millions. It was an engine which should not be left at the disposal of extravagant ministers or extravagant princes." The farmers of Aylesbury had their opposition to the tax spiritedly advocated by Lord Nugent. "Sir," said he, addressing the Speaker, " these petitioners are a class of men generally who suffer the most severely from the operation of this tax. The 7 are not merchants. They are not manufacturers. They are in general graziers and dairy farmers. They inform me that at this time they can neither make their rente nor stock their farms. They hold in their hands highly valuable old grass lands, at a very high rent, and are obliged to stock those pastures with a very expensive sort of stock. This state of things cannot and will not last. The yeomanry of England will and must resist this odious and profligate system, by every legal means in their power. They will not doom their children to want and beggary, themselves to bankruptcy and a gaol." Twenty-six petitions, signed by 700 occupiers and owners of land in north Devon, stated that " many of them, in order to meet the payments of the tax, had been under the necessity of selling their young cattle to great disadvantage ; and many of them were , now in confinement for debt, from inability to pay.' On the 26th February petitions, from at least fbrty of our leading towns and boroughs, were presented against the tax. Sir Francis Burdett, in presenting one from Westminster, said the inhabitants protested against it as an " intolerable grievance." Sir James Shaw, also, in presenting a petition against the income-tax, from the inhabitants of the Ward of Bread-street, stated, that " though they had sup ported his Majesty's Government for the last twenty five years, they were uow unanimous in their opposi tion to this tax." Sir Francis Burdett, in the debate of February. 27, speaking on this tax, said, " It was a proceeding like this which caused the rebellion in the time of Charles the First. That Monarch always enforced his exac tions under the plea of necessity, and the most in tolerable burdens had been imposed on the people, under the specious cloak of necessity. The land-tax was one of these ; and the property-tax was nothing but an extended land-tax." Mr. Brougham, on the 22d of February, rose with a petition in the House of Commons, spoken of in Hansard as "a petition of enormous size in his arms," which was from the large body of the inhabitants of Clerkenwell, against the income-tax. In fourteen hours, and no more, 3,278 individuals flocked to sign this petition. Mr. Lambton said, on presenting petitions against the tax, that these would be followed by numerous others of the same character, " in order to conv ince Ministers that the people of England would not, among their accumulated dist res ses, endure the pres sure of taxation for the express purpose of supporting tyrants upon their thrones, whether those tyrants were in de r agonfreeebyco.tinetry the Bourbons of Spain, or the Bourbons of France." Sir John Newport resisted it, saying, " hi s own objection to the tax was to the principles—that it was which, had u unequal and oppressive in its d o e pe sc ra ri t b i l o n n g — the that o i p t p gr re a s n si t , e ms d power to certain persons, ed." expression w sh b o Ai u e should hd speakert n h e e v f e a r r nm b eetr farmers s e t in fliction of the tax, used the strong that " they e petitionha been presenteds horn to t f b r n s l k i York reached in length from the body of against the t o h u e se ta t x o Westminster Hall. The petition from the City of London was signed by 22,000 of those who had all along before sup ported Government measures. The popular voice, as heard and felt in these peti tions, was too mighty to be withstood. Opposition had now reached its topmost pitch, and was ready to hurl down the landmarks of the realm, if unattended t° ' Me House was alarmed--the contest within its