The Sun. — London, England, 1855-10-04 00:00:00

7RIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. (Prone the Times of this day.) The Gazette of Tuesday eveaing contained a most extraordinary and unsatisfactory answer to that question which attracts, and deserves to attract at this moment, the deepest anxiety of the people of England,---namely, who is to command the British army What General is now to maintain, and in some respects to restore, the ancient splen dour of our military renown ? The country sees, and all Europe sees as well as this country, the real state of the case. We have sent out to the Crimea an army composed of troops not inferior in personal valour to any soldiers in the world, and who have shown on many occasions that whatever is possible to be done by a given number of men will be done by them. But the superior ranks of the army have not yet brought to light a single man who has shown himself permanently able to direct the movements of that magnificent engine of war ; hence the moral discipline of the troops and the con fidence which every grade in the army ought to have in its commander have been shaken by the utter absence of intellectual power, unwearied activity, energy, and judgment, where those quali ties are most required. This humiliation—for it is humiliation to an army to feel itself dis graced by the incapacity of its leader—we owe to our absurd adherence to the pedantic routine of seniority, —a rule by which we retain in command of the army men who owe their rank to their ex treme age, and who are, in reality, disqualified from active warfare by the very cause which has invested them with a power they cannot wield, As if to confirm and justify the strongest accu sations which can be brought against the military administration of this country, the Gazette replies by a Brevet raising to the rank of Field-Marshal theoldest, the most effete, and bedridden remnants of the Peninsular army of 45 years ago—Viscount Combermere, the Earl of Strafford, and Viscount Hardinge I—the two first men who h ave w h o lly withdrawn into the repose which befits the last stage of human life, and the last a General who, though not very eminent in the field or very suc cessful in military administration, deserved at least to be promoted in better company. To confer the rank and office of Field-Marshal on these old men at a moment when the British army stands in the greatest need of a real Field-Marshal at its head is simply to render the distinction of that rank as ridiculous in this country as it is glorious in the other armies of Europe. But the Brevet does not end here. It proceeds to confer upon " Lieute nant-General James Simpson the rank of a General in the army for distinguished service in the field," and, by a strange contrast with this perversion of the Royal favour, it also promotes Colonel Charles Ash Windham to be a Major-General in the army, " for his distinguished conduct in heading the column of attack which assaulted the enemy's de fences on the Bth of September with the greatest intrepidity and coolness." We presume that the meaning of the Horse Guards is that Colonel Windham headed the column of attack with the greatest intrepidity and coolness, though from the ungrammatical structure of the sentence these qualities are ascribed, not to the Colonel, but to the column of assault ; but it seems our military authorities cannot even write a sentence of Eng lish without a blunder. However, this at least is an honour not conferred on mere senility and in competency. The hearts of the nation had antici pated by an instantaneous impulse the step Gene ral Windham has gained by his matchless and he roic passage through that fiery trial, and the events of the Bth of September have deservedly placed him at the head of that gallant band of the junior officers of the army to whom the country looks for the preservation of its safety and its honour. The advancement of General Simpson to all but the highest rank in the army, on the express ground of " distinguished service in the field," at a mo ment when, upon the evidence of his own despatch, very serious charges are entertained against him, is altogether a different matter, and the manner in which it has been done sufficiently discloses the embarrassment felt by the Government on this occasion. If it could be shown that " the distin guished services" of General James Simpson had contributed in any degree to the successful opera tions which have ended in the fall of Sebastopol, and that he had worthily upheld the reputation and employed the forces of the British army on that occasion, it is needless to say that neither the Ministers of the Crown, nor Parliament, nor the nation would have grudged him an ample reward. But the painful occurrences of the Bth of Septem ber, and the palpable mismanagement which led to a repetition of the failure of the 18th of June, have alloyed the pride of victory, and render such honours out of place and ridiculous. We can only account in one way for the anomalous course which has been adopted. Et is generally reported, and we suspect correctly, that General Simpson has already ceased to command the British army in the Crimea, or that at least he only retains that com mand until his successor is appointed. We shall assume this to be actually the case, for it is wholly impossible for the Government to retain in that po sition an officer in whom the nation does not place absolute and unlimited confidence; and, if this reso lution has been taken, it may be thought that Gen. Simpson's former services in the Crimea justify a step of promotion which brings with it recall, al though theaction of the Bth of September did not en title him to any of those higher distinctions to which a more able commander might unquestionably have aspired. As a mark of confidence at the present time the promotion of General Simpson would be a jest exceedingly ill-timed ; and the an nouncement in the Gazette can only be passed over with comparative indifference if it be accom panied or followed by the notification of his resig nation or recall. Assuming, then, from these indications, and r (rah° obvious necessity of the case, that General mpson is not to retain the command of the British force in the Crimea, two ,questions of ex treme importance present themselves for considera tion. The first is,—who is to succeed him ? and the second is,—by what means are we to obtain more efficient commanders in the superior ranks of the army ? At the point at which matter: have now arrived, we have proved experimentally and by cruel result the consequences of that fatal system of employing old Generals, which were fore 'men and denounced by every man of reflection at the commencement of the war. A single year of warfare has disposed of the whole of these veterans, with the exception of Sir Colin Campbell, who 113.8 b een laid u p-i n l avender all the winter with his Highlanders, and w h ose m ili tary talents, if we mayjudge of them by his exploits when at the head of a separate di v i s i on i n t h e P un j ab, do not entitle him to aspire to a great command. We have seen the result of sending a young army into the field almost entirely led by old chiefs, who owed their rank to seniority and brevet proaiotions ; the best of them have either fallen in battle or sunk under disease, and those who remain are were obstructions to the real strength of the army. This evil demands a vigorous remedy, and no mea sure will effect the necessary object which does not go to the root of the mischief, by placing the entire command of the army in the hands of men in the prime and vigour of life. In other wor d s, the Generals of Division and Brigade ought to be selected from the best of the present Colonels in the army; and a similar step ought to be made in all ranks. We have been figlatinga powerful enemy and - co-operating with an energetic ally, while our army is under the command of men at least one whole generation too old. If this remark be sound as applied to the divi sional officers o f th e army, it i s so, a fort i ur i , as applied to the Commander-in-Chief. In hire you absolutely require the full activity, strength, energy, and decision of manhood, and, if nature has not given him the genius of war, a century of experience will not teach him how to conquer. It is, therefore, unquestionably from the ranks of the younger generals that the chief of the army in the Crimea must be selected. He must be chosen as Wolfe was taken by Lord Chatham, and, though some hazard and uncertainty may attend such a choice, since no man can be certain of possessing thehigh q ua liti es o f supreme m i l i tary command until he has teed his own powers, such an appiint went should rest mainly on the known character of the man. The British army will not be com manded as it ought to be until men of the tyre of the Duke of Wellington and his generals in the Peninsula aro at the head of it. If we are told that these officers are junior to many men now serving above them, we reply that thi s i s one of their re commendations, sinceit tends to raise th e younger officers of the army to the positions they ought to fil l. I t i s no t t o the old but to the young th a t th e country looks for victory, it and is time to b rea k asunder the fetters of a system which disgraces 118 and which expose s th e army in the eye s o f Europe, in the field to a most disadvantageous comparison, not only with th e f orces of our gallant Allies, La with those of the Russians themselves. [4ISOERTIS EMENT.I-11011 way Pills extraordinary in the Cure of D rops y.__Sarah Jamesliving with Mrs. Wilders, of Oldham -road, Manchester, had become of such a size from dropsy as to be a burthen to herself; every usual treatment was used without effect. In this sad state she tried Holloway's Pills, and by them alone the water was entirely removed from her system, and an effectual cure perfected. These Pills were lately tried on two dropsical patients discharged as incurable from a London hospital, and both were cured by this fan - 10 14 medicine. Sold by all medicine vendors throughout tile world ; at Professor Holloway's establishments °-: ;by Strand, London; and 80, Maiden-lace, N tw York A. Stampa, Constantinople ; A. Gindicy, Smyrna; and H. Hoods, Malta. DECEITFUL AUSTRIA. ( From the Manchester Guardian.) Without exposing ourselves to the charge of over san guine expectations as to the raipidity with which onr conquest of the Crimea may be completed, we may fairly assume that victory has declared definitively on the side of the allies. We know that the three besieging armies are in high health, spirits, and force ; that their stores of every kind are vast ; that their means of transport are at length ample for any enterprise ; that they have profited fully by past experience, both to supply all wants and to provide for all contingencies ; that, in spite of terrible losses, their numbers are still great ; that confidence in themselves and in each other, created by long observation, and augmented by recent success, doubles their effective strength ; and, in a word, that no army ever was in a fitter condition, moral or material, for high achievement. We know, too, now, that nearly the reverse of all this is true of the Russians ; that they have suffered severely from the exhaustion of their stores and the interruption of their supplies ; that their unex pectedly prompt evacuation of the Southern side must have been caused by a conviction that final success was hopeless, and that they must prepare without delay for the contingency of thorough and ultimate defeat ; that the sacrifice of men must have been enormous; that their repeated and severe discomfitures have disheartened both soldiers and commanders ; and, in fine, that both the garrison of Sebastopol and the relieving army be yond the Tchernaya are nearly driven to extremity. We do not pretend to predict either the strategic ope rations which our Generals will now decide upon, nor within what precise date they will produce the final evacuation of the Crimea. Another investment, another assault, another battle of Alma or Tchernaya, may be needed to complete:our work ; but, no one, we appre hend, can feel any doubt that the Crimea is virtually, and, ere winter closes, will be actually, ours ; and that the diminished hosts of our enemy will have been com pelled either to retire or surrender. It is, not, therefore, premature, on the contrary, it is high time, to look about us, and consider how the suc cess of the allies will affect their European position ; what tone they should assume, and what steps they should take, in reference to these Governments which have trifled with us, hampered us, injured us, or re fused to aid us ; and especially in reference to Austria. We take for granted that this Power, which always comes to the aid of the strongest party, will now hasten to repeat those congratulations on the real, which she so prematurely offered on occasion of the reported fall of the great fortress of our enemy. We trust these con gratulatiOns will be received as they deserve. We do not for a moment doubt that Austria sincerely rejoices at the capture of Sebastopol ; we believe that, from the commencement of this struggle, she desired that Russia should be checked, humbled, and impoverished ; she looked upon her as a formidable neighbour and possible foe, whose power it was important to reduce; she felt pretty certain that Muscovite loss would be Austrian gain; but she was anxious that all these beneficial results to her should be brought about without any intervention on her part—that the allies should do her work, and that she should not be called upon to aid in the repulse, nor to in cur the enmity, of the Czar. She determined to look on during the strife, yet hoped to share in the spoils, and to profit by the victory, to whichever side victory might ultimately fall. Throughout the contest, as well as dur ing the diplomatic manoeuvres that preceded it, we have shown every consideration for her wishes, while she has shown none whatever for our interests. We hampered ourselves by making Vienna the scene of negotiations, in order that she might have a large voice in them. We prolonged and renewed those negotiations; we bore and forebore far longer than was wise, in order to humour her tardiness, to nurse her poverty, and to encourage her timidity. We made proposals, and ab stained from taking steps, in the vain hope of at iength securing her promised aid—aid always held out as a lure, never loyally given as a fact. We cannot now forget-- and no tardy flatteries and fawnings on her part must lead us to forget—that, by the treaty of the 2d of De cember, she signed an agreement which our diplomatists accepted, and which she intended them to accept, as a promise . that she would join us in arms in case Russia should not snake peace on the terms which she induced us to offer; and she broke that promise —or, to use a more deliberate and official language of Lord Cla rendon, interpreted her engagement in a way which we considered to be very wide of its real meaning. We must not forget that when the siege of Silistria failed, Austria agreed with Turkey to " occupy" the Princi palities ; but that, by occupying them as a neutral and not as an ally —or, to use Lord Palmerston's phrase, only as "ally up to a certain point"—she set free two entire Russian corps &armee to meet us in the Crimea ; that the regiments composing this division a ere conveyed by forced marches along the coast; and that it was to these very regiments that we owed the bloody though so glorious attack at Inkerman. Who can doubt that had that attack succeeded, and had Prince Menschikoff fulfilled his boast of driving the invaders into the sea (which at one moment seemed far from unlikely), Aus tria would have been the first to felicitate the Czar upon the splendid victory which has crowned his arms, and to remind him how much her own proceedings had con tributed to the desirable result. Lastly, we must not forget that Austria has played this game a second time within the last twelve months ; that when gloom and difficulty seemed gathering round the Crimean expedi tion, and it appeared p ro b a bl e th at th e a lli es m i ght re tire baffled and discredited from the hopeless undertak ing, Austria took that opportunity of withdrawing from her Western engagements, disbanded a large posaiGn of the troops that lined her Polish frontier, and intimated to Russia as plainly as fact (far more reliable in diplo macy than words could speak), that she had nothing to fear from Austrian hostility. The Czar was not slow in taking the hint ; he at once ordered a general move Southward of the Warsaw division of his army : nearly 170,000 men were, by this conduct on the part of "our ally up to a certain point," liberated for active service, and marched towards the Crimea ; and again we had to thank Austria mainly for the slaughter and the failure on the 18th of Jane. We do not recall thesef acts with any design of stirring up angry passions in the British nation towards a Power which assuredly deserves no consideration at our hands ; but in order to remind all—both private individuals and public servants, every one, in fact, whose voice can in any degree influence national action—first, that in Italy, it is Sardinia and not Austria that merits our sympathy, countenance, and aid ; that not only are her objects beneficent and patriotic, and those of her rival ruinous and fatal to that fair but miserable land ; not only is Austria despotic, and Sardinia constitutional and free ; but that in the conduct pursued towards us during the perilous crisis we have passed, Austria has been pusil lanimous, selfish, apd deceitful, and Sardinia gallant, spirited, and loyal ; and, secondly, the Austr►an occu pation of the Danubian provinces —an occupation which she turned to our injury, which she makes a curse to the wretched people who Inhabit them, and which she hopes to prolong for her own benefit—must at once be made to cease. There is no longer the shadow of a de cent pretext for it : to the inhabitants it is even worse than Russian invasion ; to Turkey and the allies it is as bad ; and every day that it is suffered to continue is an added cruelty and crime. THE CHANCELLOR OF THE EXCHEQUER UN THE SEBASTOPOL EXP.BDITIUN. At the meeting of the Radnorshire Agricultural So ciety, held at Knighton on Monday, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Right Hon. Sir G. C. Lewis, Bart., who presided, in proposing the toast of the Allied Fleets and Armies, said—" It is now just about a year since the expedition upon which the eyes of all England and of all Europe were riveted—the expedition to Sebastopol —sailed. That expedition was perhaps framed with rather sanguine views of the possibility of success, con sidering the numbers by which it was undertaken. Nevertheless, it would have been possible for it to have succeeded very shortly after the landing of the allied armies. Such success was within the range, I will not say of possibility, but of probability. The sanguine hopes of those who contrived and ordered the expedition were not, however, fulfilled. We saw the painful spec tacle of our gallant army during last winter exposed to such trials, to such hardships, and to such privations as scarcely any civilised army was ever before exposed to. (Hear, hear.) We were told that those hardships and ptivations were in a great measure owing to the neglect or the want of skill in those who guided and those who governed and provided for the wants of that expe diticn. I am not now going to enter into that much debated, much discussed, and much cmtroverted ques tion. I will only shortly express to you my opinion —an opinion not founded on superficial grounds—that a large portion of the sufferings of our army was owing rather to the inherent difficulties of the expedition itself, rather to the manner in Which it was undertaken, rather to the failure of immediate success, than to any want of ability or skill in the persons who immediately superintended it. I don't mean to exculpate all the per sons who were concerned in the government of that ex pedition—it would have been wonderful, after so many years of peace, if they suddenly found themselves fitted for the greatest of military enterprises. I don't mean to say that they attained that state of administrative per fection which much longer experience would scarcely have enabled them to reach. I will only say I feel that those persons who have bestowed so much harsh criti cism on the conductors of that expedition did not nia.ke sufficient allowancs for the difficulties which were Inhe rent in the enterprise itself. After a time, the treaty into which this country and France had entered with Austria rendered it incumbent upon us to commence negotiating at Vienna, with a view to see whether, during the pen dency of the war, while the siege was still carried on be fore the walls of Sebastopol, some means could not be found which should put an end to hostilities. The course which was taken by this country in the negotiations of Vienna was pursued with steadiness and consistency throughout. No change took place in the terms which were offered by this country and France to Russia. Those terms were refused, and others were offered on the part of Russia. The result of those conferences was that her Majesty's Government, looking at the circum stances of the contending powers —to the position of the armies at Sebastopol, and to the duty which they owed to their country—thought no good would arise from their continuance, and they were therefore broken off. Since that time the war with Russia has been prosecuted with all the vigour which this country, with its great re sources, could command—it has been prosecuted with all those more extensive military resources which the great population and the great military or g anisati on o f France puts at the dispo sa l o f her Government— and the result we all know. (Applause.) The great fortress—the object of a year's contention between the great Powers of Europe—has fallen ; and the fleet, the arsenals, and the great military preparations of Russia, are in the hands of the Allies. We may now ask whe ther the erns which we, in combination with France, offered to Russia were not fair and reasonable terms, and whether it would not have been for the interest of that haughty and aggressive Power rather to have ac cepted those terms than to have waited the event which has now been developed. (Applause.) I have seen with great regret, during the last week, the comments which have been made by various critics of our own country on the share which our gallant army has borne in the attack upon Sebastopol. We do not grudge the laurels which France has deservedly earned in the assault of that place. There has been no rivalry, no unseemly competition between the two armies—it has been co, operation, and not jealously—or rivalry. (Cheers.) The most generous, the most noble feelings, have been exhi bited by the armies to each other—not only by the men but by the generals and officers. But while we willingly recognise the glory and honour of France in the achieve ments which placed the tower of Malakhoff, the key to the fortress, in the hands of the French attacking party, we must not allow unfair disparagement to be thrown upon our own army. The remarks to which I have al luded have not come from the French critics. On the contrary, I read with satisfaction in a newspaper the remarks of a French military critic, in which he said that the English troops had in the attack on the Great Redan done all that troops could by possibility accom plish. Can anybody doubt that our army has from the beginning shown the greatest gallantry, the greatest hardihood and enterprise on all occasions, whether of fensive or defensive ? We must wait for the more de tailed official accounts, hereafter to be sent by the generals, before we are in a position t o p ass any judg ment of ? condemnation on our own gallant troops. We must remember that the attack which they made effected a powerful diversion of the enemy, and to a certain extent assisted the French in maintaining that portion of the works which they had gained, and that at the close of the day the Redan was in the pos session of the Allies. Nothing can more dishearten a gallant army at a distance from our shores than captious and censorious criticism, when they feel they have shed their best blood in the defence of their country. I trust that the best feelings of the country will be enlisted in their behalf, and that everything we can do in the way of admiration and sympathy will be willingly bestowed upon them." (Applause.) THE LATE MEETING OF THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION AT GLASGOW. The following additional papers were read in the sections indicated : Professor W. THOMSON, F.R.S., read a paper "On the Electric Qualities of M agne ti se d Iron." He said—The well-known ordinary phenomena of magnetism prove that there is a wonderful difference between the mutual physical relations of the particles of a mass of iron accord ing as it is magnetised or in an unmagnetic condition. Joule's important discovery that a bar of iron, when longitudinally magnetised, experiences an increase of length, accompanied with such a diminution of its late ral dimensions as to leave its bulk unaltered, is the Bast of a series by which it may be expected we shall learn that all the physical proper ties of iron become altered when the metal is magnetised, and that in general those qualities which have relation to definite direction in the substance are differently altered at different inclinations to the direction of magnetisation. In the present com munication the author described experiments he had made, with assistance, in defr a yi ng th e expenses f rom the oyal Society out of the Government grant for Scien tific Investigations, to determine the effects of magneti sation on the thermo-electric qualities and on the elec tric conductivity of iron. The first result obtained was that, longitudinally, magnetised iron wire in an electric circuit differs thereto-electrically in the same direction as antimony from unmagnetised iron. This any one may verify with the greatest ease, by applying a spirit-lamp to heat the middle of an iron wire or thin rod of iron a couple of feet long, with a little magnetis ing coil of copper wire (excited by a cell or two of any ordinary galvanic battery) adapted to slide freely on it, and so bring a magnetising force to act on two or three inches in any part of the length of the iron ; and, when the ends of the iron conductor are connected with the electrodes of an astatic needle galvanometer of very moderate sensibility, suddenly moving the coil from one side to the other of the flame of the spirit lamp. The author next explained a series of experiments (not so easily described without ttfe apparatus, which was exhibited to the section, or drawings of it), by which (1), it was ascertained that magnetised iron with electric currents crossing the lines of magnetisation at right angles, differ from uninagnetised iron, thermo-electrically, in the same direction as bismuth, that is in the opposite way to that previously found for iron magnetised along the line of current ; and (2) it was verified that an iron conductor obliquely magnetised and placed in a circuit of conducting matter, has a current excited through it when its two polar sides are maintained at different tem peratures. The author also described and exhibited an experimental arrangement made, but not yet sufficiently tried, to test whether or not magnetised iron possesses a certain therino-electric rotatory property which his theory of thermo-electricity in crystalline conductors bad led him to believe might possibly exist in every sub stance possessing, either intrinsically or inductively, such a dipolar directional property as that of magnetism. Re garding the thertno-electrio properties of magnetised steel, the only experiments yet made being on longi tudinal magnetisation, showed most decidedly the same kind of effect subsisting, with the permanent magnetisa tion, after the magnetising agency is withdrawn, as had been found in iron while actually sustained in a state of magnetisation by the electro-magnetic force. The effects of magnetism on the conductivity of iron both for heat and electricity in different directions with reference to the direction of magnetisation had been tested by dif ferent experiments, with no confirmed indications in the conduction of heat, and with only negative results re garding electrical conductivity. The author of the pre sent communication, feeling convinced that only power ful enough tests are required to demonstrate real effects of magnetisation on all physical properties of iron, tried to ascertain the particular nature of the conjectured effect in the case of electric conductivity ; and at last, after many unsuccessful attempts, succeeded in esta blishing that an iron conductor, sustained in a mag netic condition by either a longitudinal or a transverse magnetising force, and brittle steel wires retaining longitudinal magnetism, resist the passage of elec tricity more, or, wlrch is the same, possess less electric conductivity than the same conductors when unmagnetic. It remains to be seen whether either iron or steel has, when magnetised, the electro-crystalline pronertf of possessing different electric conductivities in different di rections ; and whether either has the possible rotatory property as regards thermal conduction, which the in trinsically dipolar type of magnetisation suggests. It is important to observe that both the thermoelec tric quality, and the effect on electric conductivity in duced in iron or steel, and sustained by the magnetising force, is retained with the permanent magnetism in steel after the magnetising force is removed ; as Joule found to be the case with the alteration of dimensions which he discovered as an effect of magnetism ; while, on the other hand, as the author showed in a previous communication to the section, the thermo-electric quality he has disco vered as an effect of mechanical strain, becomes reversed when the constraining force has been removed if any per manent strain has been produced. THE COAL AND IRON TRADE OF SCOTLAND. Dr. STRANG, of Glasgow, read a valuable paper on the progress, extent, and value of the coal and iron trade of the West of Scotland. He said—The rapid progress which has of late years characterised some of the now largest cities of Great Britain is mainly due to the mi neral wealth which surrounds them—to the existence, in fact, of those vast repositories of fuel or of metals, which nature has laid up for the use of man in the bowels of the earth. If one only casts his eye over a geological map of this island, he will find in England a Birmingham, a Newcastle, a Preston, and a Manchester, placed in the midst of extensive coal fields ; and on looking at Scot land he will at once discover, amid the great thinness of habitation and population, at least one fully peopled district, in the centre of which stands the no less important and manufacturing city of Glasgow, sur rounded on every side by the richest strata of coal, iron and lime. To the mineral wealth which exists in this portion of Scotland may be mainly attributed the prominent position which its Western Metropolis has lately taken in the commerce and manufactures of the world, and which the following statistical facts, con nected with the progress, extent, and value of the coal and iron trades of the West of Scotland, of which that city is the central mart, may, perhaps, in some degree better illustrate. Although coals have, from a pretty remote period, been wrought around Glasgow, chiefly for domestic uses, yet it has only been since the intro duction of the steam engine, and still more since the dis covery of the economical mode of smelting iron by the hot blast, that the vast and closely-packed mineral wealth of its neighbouring districts have been at all fully deve loped and turned to great profit. Even so late as in the year 1831, the quantity of coals brought to Glasgow was only about 560,000 tons, and of that quantity 121,000 were exported, leaving 440,000 tons for domestic uses, steam-boats, public work s , and facto r i es in the city and suburbs ; while the quantity consumed, as well as the ironstone smelted in the comparatively few furnaces then in blast, was small and unimportant. The contrast, in deed, of the coal and iron trades, only five and twenty years ago, with those of the present moment, is most striking. From the returns obtained through Mr. Wil liams, the inspector of mines for Scotland, it appears that while in 1854 there were 367 collieries in Scotland, 237 of these belonged to the West country-141 being in Lanarkshire, 78 in Ayrshire, 11 in Dumbarton, and seven in Renfrew. It also appears that, during the same year, there were 7,443,000 tons of coal raised in Scotland, and of these about 6,443,000 were drawn from pits situated in the four western counties above alluded to. Taking into account all kinds of coals raised, such as splint, soft, and gas, the average price may be fairly estimated at 7s. 6d. per ton, whi c h s h ows the produce derived from the coal mines from the West of Scotland in 1854 to have been about 2,418,0001. sterling. Of the coals so produced, 2 . ,152,800 t ons were consumed in the manufacture of pig iron ; 3 67,200 i n th e conversion of pig into malleable— making in all 2,520,000 tons used in connection with the manufacture of iro n ; while 926,221 tons were shipped, and 148,312 tons were sent beyond the boundaries, northward and southward, per railways, leaving for the manufacturing C3LisuM pt, steam-boats, and domestic uses of the Glasgow district, 2,853,427 tons. During the same period the numb er o f persons employed in the col lieries producing this quantity of fuel were as follows: In Lanarkshire 15,580 Ayrshire 6,061 Renfrewshire 790 Dumbartonshire 549 --- In all 22,980 If the great development of the coal trade, as we have seen, has been of recent origin, the manufacture of iron in Scotland is still more modern, having obtained its pre sent almost marvellous position during the course of the last few years. So late as 1830 there were only 16 blast furnaces in the West of Scotland, and the whole produce scarcely reached 40,000 tone. It appe ars , h owever , th at ! during the year 1854, of the 118 furnaces for the smelt• ing of iron ore then in full blast in Scotland, and prce clueing 796,640 tons of pig iron, 102 were situated in the two western counties of Lanark and Ayr-72 being in the former and 30 in the latter—and the produce of these amounted to 717,600 tons. Taking the average price during that twelvemonth at 795. Bd. per ton, the gross value of this industry is shown to have been 2,858,4401. Of this very large quantity of pig iron produced in the West of Scotland, 122,684 tons were shipped direct to foreign countries, and 294,194 tons were sent coastwise from the Clyde, Port-Dundas, and the western ports of the Clyde estuary ' • while 22,865 were sent away by rail ways, and 171,360 were converted into malleable iron— leaving the remaining 106,497 tons for foundry and other purposes of the district. The number of men em ployed in the iron mining in this district during 1854 was 3,645 in Lanarkshire, and 1,943 in Ayrshire—mak ing in all, 5,585 ; whose wages, at 22a. per week, show an annual expenditure in wages of 319,6331. 12s. ; while the number of men employ e d in manag i ng an d work ing the furnaces amounted to 1,344, who were paid on an average 4s. 6d. per day, or an annual aggre gate sum of 110,3961. But if the manufacture of pig iron be a modern industry in the West of Scotland, assuredly that of malleable iron is still more recent, for with the exception of a small work at Wilsontown, which was unsuccessfully attempted there at a somewhat re mote period, almost nothing was done in this manufac ture till 1839, and even se late as in 1842 the produc tion did not exceed 35,000 tons. During the year 1854, however, the manufacture of malleable iron reached 122,400 tons, and taking the average price of all sorts, including plates for ship-building, to have been 101. per ton, the gross amount of the industry was 1,224,000/. The number of men employed in this branch was about 4,000, and the rate of wages paid was 285., showing an annual aggregate amount paid in wages of 291,2001. Assuming, then, all these statements to be as correct as perhaps they can possibly be made, let us now see what was the real value to the west of Scotland of the whole of these industries in 1854 : Value of coal £2,418,000 Value of pig iron £2,858,449 Deduct value of coal used in smelt ing, say three tonsof ceal foreach ton of pig iron, or 2,152,000 tons at 7s. 6d. 807,300 --------- 2,051,140 Value of malleable iron £1,224,000 Deduct value of pig iron used, say 171,360 tons at 795. 8d £682,584 Deduct value of coals used in conversion from pig iron into malleable, say 367,200 tons at 7s. §d. 137,700 Net value of coal and iron . 820,284 403,726 £4,872,866 We find also, from thelforegoing statements, that the number of persons employed in these industries and tho wages paid were as follows : Annual amount of wages. Employed in collieries.„29,9Bo at 21s. per week, £1,254,708 „ iron mining „ attending furnaces 1,344 at 4s. 6d. per day, 110,306 „ malleable ironwks. 4,000 at 28s. per week, 291,200 33,908 21,973,937 In short, the foregoing tables show that the coal and iron works of the West of Scotland, of which Glasgow is the great central mart, produced no less a sum to those connected with these establishments than 4,872,8661., and gave employment to 33,908 persons. When the magnitude of these figures, and the value which they bear on the social and economical condition of this great mining and manufacturing district are calmly considered, it will not be difficult to arrive at one of the main sources of thelately greatly increased wealth of Glasgow and its vicinity, or to account for one of the chief sources of attraction to the industrious mechanics and labourers from all parts of the country, which have already rendered the united counties of Lanark, Ayr, Renfrew, and Dumbarton one of the most thickly peopled and well-conditioned portions of Great Britain. SALE OF BUTCHERS' MEAT IN PARIS. On Monday the Prefect of Police published the following important decree relative to the sale of butchers' meat in Paris :-- " We, the Prefect of Police, order as follows: "Art. 1. On and after the Wth of the present month butchers' meat shall be subjected to prices fixed regu larly by the authorities. "Art. 2. The price shall be fixed every fortnight for every kind of meat, according to the returns made at the Caisse' de Poissy, and to the weight of meat ascer tained to have been sent from the public slaughter -houses of Paris during the preceding fortnight. " Art. 3. For beef, the meat, with respect to the• eel ling price by retail, shall be divided into three catego ries :-Ist, The buttock, the veiny piece, the rump, the sirloin, and the think flank ; 2d, the shoulder ? the kid neys and surrounding fat, the ribs, the neck ; and 3d, the sticking piece, the middle ribs, and the shin. The filet (under cut of the sirloin), when detached, is con sidered as viande de luxe, and will not be subjected to the fixed price. "For cow and bull beef the division of the pieces shall be the same as for ox beef. "For veal and mutton the pieces shall be divided into two categories. For veal the first category will comprise, the fillet, the kidneys and the loin, and the best end of the breast'; and the second the brisket end of the breast, and fore-knuckle, and the head, For mut ton the firi.t category shall comprise the leg, the loin, and the saddle; and the second the shoulder, the breast, and the neck. " Art. 6. Every buyer shall receive, even without claiming it, a ticket on which is marked down the deno mination of the kind of meat and of the pieces, as also the weight and the price. Pieces of meat belonging to different categories are to be weighed and marked down separately. "Art. 7. Butchers are forbid to weigh bone with the meat, and to deliver it (or what is vulgarly called re jouissance) to customers. The bone is to be sold sepa rately at such terms as may be agreed on between the bntcher and the customer. " Art. 8. In the shops established in the markets meat shall be sold at 10c. at least per kilogramme below the fixed price. "Art. 9. The present ordinance shall be printed and placarded, and a copy of it shall be communicated to the Prefect of the department of the Seine. "Art. 10. The chief of the municipal police, the corn missaires of police, the inspector-generals of markets and their subordinates are charged, each in what concerns him, with the execution of the present measure. " PIETRI." MURDER AT DUNDEE. —An atrocious and delibe rate murder was committed near Dundee on Saturday night last. The victim is a labourer named Owen Smith, and the murderer a millworker, or labourer, named Thomas Colston, a native of the County Cavan, Ireland. It seems that some time ago the men had had a differ ne young w oman f or w h om C o l ston had formed aenaettaabucohmt a ent, and which resulted in Colston being con victed and fined in the police court for an assault. He encountered Smith and his wife on the road near Dundee on Saturday night, and, saying, "Now I have got you," stabbed him in several places, and the unfortunate man died instantly. .Colston absconded, but be was traced to Perth, where he ass apprehended on Monday. [A 3 vitansblmENT•l —TIIE WAR Di Tim E UT. --POWRILFL: PATENT RReONNOITRINe GLASSES.— Messrs. S, and B. Solo mons, opticians, 39, Albemarle-street, Pioeadilly. Observe opposite the York Hotel. By lser Majesty's Roy.•l Letters Patent for valuable and extraordinary improvements in the most powerful and brilliant Telescopes, Camp, Race course, Opera, and Perspective Glasses, to know the distances of objects viewed through them—of great importance to the army, navy, and others. These telescopes possess such extra ordinary powers that some 3. inches, with an extra eye piece, Ni ill show distinctly Jupiter's moons, Saturn's ring, and the aouble stars ; with the same teieseope can be seen a person's countenance three miles and a half distant and an object from 16 to 20 miles. They are of larger and al. aims, with increasing powers accordingly ; while their vary ing from 4 to 6 inches enable us to discover more than the above, and the Georgian, with his 6 satellites, &c.—The Royal Exhibition, 1851.—Valuable, newly-invented, very small, powerful waistcoat-pccket glass,the size of a walnut, by which a person can be seen and known 1 miles distant ; they answer every purpose on the race-course, and at the opera houses, country scenery, and ships are clearly seen at 8 to 10 miles. They are invaluable for shooting, deer-stalking, yachting, to sportsmen, gentlemen, gamekeepers, and tourists. Opera, race-course, camp, and perspective glasses, with wonderful power.—Newly-constructed Spectacle Lenses of the great est transparent power. The valuable advantage derives from this invention is, that vision becoming impaired is preserved and strengthened, and very aged persons are enabled to employ their sight at the most minute °eat pation—can see with these lenses of a much less magnify. ing pewer—and they do not require the frequent changes to the dangerous effects of further powerful assistance. Deaf ness—New Discoyou.—The Organic Vibrator, an extraordi nary powerful, small, newly-invented instrument for deafness, entirely different from all others, to surpass anything of the kind that has been, or probably eve r can b e, produced. Being of the same colour as the skin, i s no t perceptible ; it enables deaf persons to hear distinctly at ch urc h an d at public assemblies ; the unpleasant sensation of singing noises in the ears is entirely removed ; and it affords all the assist ance that possibly could ) o desired. 39, Albemarle-street, Piccadilly. Observe—opposite the York Hotel. [Aevtaarsemexa.l--We quote some interesting cures with out me6eine of indigestion (dyspepsia), flatulency, constipa tion, nervous, biliass, and liver complaints, cough, asthma, consumption, and debility, by Du Barry's delicious Revalenta Arabica Food : Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia. 'nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatu lency, spasms, sickness at the stomach, and vomitings, have been removed by Du Barry's excellent Revalenta Arabica Fooa.—llaria Jolly, Wortham Ling, near Diss, Norfolk. Cure No.3,9o6.—Thirteen years cough, indigestion, and gene ral debilty have been removed by Du Barry's excellent Re valenta Arabica Food.—James Porter, Athol-street, Perth. From the Dowager Countess of Castlestuart. Cure 52,612. Rosstrevcr, County of Down, Ireland, 9th December, 1854. The Dowager Countess of Castlestuart feels induced, in the interest of suffering humanity, to state that Dn Barry's ex cellent Revalenta Arabica Food has cured her, after all Medicines had failed, of indigestion, bile, great nervous. ness and irritability of many years' standing. This food deserves the confidence of all sufferers, and may be con sidered a real blessing. Inquiries will be cheerfully answered. In canisters, lib. 2s. 9d.; '2lb. 4s. 6d.; 51b. Ils. ; 121 b. 22e. The 121 b., carriage free, on receipt of Post-office order. Barry Du Barry 6 Co., 77, Regent-street, London ; also at la 2 Piccadilly; 60, Gracechurch-street ; 330, and 451, Strand, 4, Cheapside ; 60 and 68, Cornhill ; 49, Bishopsgate-street: 55, Charing-cross; 54, Upper Baker-street; 63 and 150, Oxford-street ; 89, High-street, Camden-town ; 18, Pall- Mall: 7, Palmall-East ; 132, New Bond-street ; 24, Mat comb-street ; 13, King William-street, City ; 30, Conduit. street; 21, Cocksamr-street; 95, Faninadon-street ; 67, St, Paul's Churchyard ;,6, Edward-street, Portman-square. 't'. n: THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENINn, OCTOBER 4 18515 THE ATTACK ON CHINESE PIRATES. The following is a more detailed account of the gallant attack upon a nest of Chinese pirates, re ferred to in our China intelligence of Monday, by the boats of the United States steam-frigate Powhatan and her Britannic Majesty's steamer, Rattler, Capt. Fellowes, assisted b y th e steamer Eaglet, aptain Caldwell :-- Two lorchas and five junks, under convoy of the steamer Eaglet, were cut off by pirates, who displayed such a formidable b a tt ery an d determined front that Capt Caldwell was unable to rescue them, and had to apply; to Capt. Fellowes, of her Majesty's ship Rattler, for assist ance. This was readilygranted,and the Rattler, with Capt. Cald well on hoard, started for Kulan, near which they sighted the pirates, and followed th em as far i nto the bay as the depth of water would permit. The pirates, quite aware of their advantage in light draught, and conscious of their ability to resist successfully any at tempt that might be made on them by the boats of the steamers, fired a few harmless broadsides in de fiance, and stood in towards Kulan. Capt. Fellowes thereupon returned to Hung Kong, and invited the co operation of the United States steamer Powhatan, now in the harbour under repairs ; when it was determined that the Rattler, with three boats and 100 officers and men of the American steam-frigate, should form the ex ped,ition, Captain Caldwell volunteering the use of his steamer to tow the boats up the bay. Accordingly the Rattler, with the Eaglet in tow, and the Powhatau's boats astern of her again, left the harbour on Friday, about three o'clock, the first lieutenant (Pegram) of the Powhatan, with Lieut. Jones and his marines, taking passage in the Rattler, and the bluejackOs in the Eaglet. The steamers arrived close to Kulan before midnight, the Eaglet anchoring a couple of cables' length in shore of the man-of-war. At five next morning the launches were Vent alongside the Rattler for the marines, and then, with the Powhatan's cutter, and three boats from the Rattler, besides the captain's gig, made fast astern of the Eaglet, which, everything being ready, steamed slowly up the bay. At Kulan only one junk was t) be seen, and it was feared the birds had flown : but Captain Caldwell descried a lorcha at anchor at the head of the bay, and steered in that direction. The lorcha got under weigh, apparently with the intention of escaping, when Captain Fellowes despatched the Rattler's pinnace and Powhatan's cutter* to intercept her, and these had unfortunately got beyond recall be fore the pirate fleet with their prizes, numbering in all some 36 sail, were observed at anchor in the narrow and shallow passage from which the lorcha had started. As the steamer approached the junks hoisted their sails, but without getting under weigh, until several Congreve rockets, discharged from the Eaglet's quarter-deck by Mr. Pine, the gunner, and two marine artillerymen from the Rattler, and 2 or 3 well-directed shots from her 32- pounder, fired by Mr. Randall, her chief officer, startled them from their fancied security, for up to that time the pirates had either not observed the boats, or thought they would not have the temerity to attack them. In this, however, they soon discovered their mistake, for the boats, which at first had made for a narrow neck of land, bore up mid rounded the point, and then from the deck of the steamer was witnessed as bold an attack as was ever made in these waters. The pirate fleet formed a dense mass, the larger and heavier armed junks brin g ing up the rear , every now an d then yawning round and firing their broadsides at the boats, from which, in reply, tiny puffs of smoke arose as the howitzers in their bows discharged their more deadly contents, the shrapnel bursting over the junks and making frightful havoc among their crews. The boats soon neared the pirates. Lieutenants Pegram and Rolando, with the launches of the Powhatan, first, by volleys of musketry, clearing the decks of the two largest, and then boarding and driving the pirates overboard at the point of the bayonet. This, however, was not done without a hard struggle, for the miscreants fought with the fury of des pair ; but they had, of course, no chance against the marines and blue jackets. Meanwhile the other boats were far from being idle, and though small in compari son with the launches, performed their share of the work with the utmost gallantry, officers and men vieing with each other for the point of danger and of honour, so that five or six more junks were soon secured. Mr. James, the boatswain of the Rattler, particularly distin guished himself, having, with five seamen and a few marines, in a whale boat dignified with the title of se oond cutter, boarded and carried a junk that seemed fully a match for either of the launches. Lientenant Pegram, in the first launch, was hastening to their as sistance, but seeing the battle nearly won, would not interfere with their well-earned laurels, and turned his attention elsewhere. The pirates' chief junk, after being shelled by the first launch, was boarded almost simultane ously by her crew and that of the Rattler's gig, and Capt. Fellowes was fortunate enough to secure the chief's flag. The chief himself—Lee Ayfe, a principal leader of the Wbampoa "patriots" —was shot by an English marine, who had jumped on deck from the Powhatan's launch, and four women threw themselves overboard and were drowned. The ammunition on board the pirate fleet may be judged of from the fact, that this junk alone is believed to haye bad nearly 100 kegs of English gunpowder, besides stink-pots, cartridges, and loose powder. Up to this time only one serious casualty had hap pened to the attacking force, a young American marine named Adamson having been shot with a musket ball in the groin; but two other fatal accidents followed in quick succession. The Rattler's first cutter, in charge of Paymaster Brewndson, ran alongside of a large junk. Several stink-pots thrown at them missed ; but at last one, hove from the raised poop of the pirate by a woman with a child slung to her back, fell into the boat, and being followed by others, the crew were compelled to jump overboard, where two were drowned, and a third was wounded and drowned. One of these, a marine, who had been wounded by a spear thrust, called to his comrades to save him, and the other, being an excellent swimmer, gut hold of him for that purpose. The Chinese then threw a mat over them, and the ma rine, still holding on by his wounded friend, dived below, and came up clear of the mat ; but as soon as he was observed, several stinkpots were pitched at him, one of which struck him on the head, and though not much hurt, he was stunned for a second or two, and lost sight of the man he had displayed such a determina tion to save : the brave fellow's name is William Robin son. The other fatal accident was the blowing up of a junk which for a time had offered a most determined resistance to the gig, in which were Captain Fellowes and Assistant-Surgeon Wilson, with five men, but which was ultimately taken possession of by Lieut. Rolando and his launch. Either a train had been laid before the crew left, or some determined scoundrel fired the junk, for she blew np with a tremendous explosion, and both officers and men were hurled into the water. Three of the men were killed, and several others frightfully scorched, one of whom died the same night, while an other is not expected to live, but the officers miraculously escaped. Lieutenant Rolando was burnt and Captain Fellowes injured by the falling spars. The survivors were, however, all picked up *by Mr. Craig, master's mate of the Powhatan, who had luckily ; gone into the boat the moment before the explosion took place. In this junk was an immense quantity of treasure, said to amount to 200,000 dols. ; and the desperation with which her crew fought may be judged of from the fact, that . even after the Americans had gained the deck they were encountered hand to hand. One man made himself par ticularly conspicuous, and, notwithstanding several wounds, continued to throw stinkpots ; but ultimately he ran below, and is believed to have fired the train which blew up the-vessel. The time thus occupied in securing the larger junks enabled 16 smaller ones to get so far allead as to render pursuit hopeless ; while, but for the unfortu nate absence of the pinnace and cutter, as above men tioned, the whole would probably have been captured. The men in these boats tugged manfully at the oars, and pulled a distance of 15 miles in three hours ; but, notwithstanding their utmost endeavours, arrived too late to take part in the fight, though they assisted in destroying the captured junks, while the other boats re turned with their wounded men to the Eaglet. There Dr. Pritchard, with Mr. Pine, the gunner, were pre pared to receive them, and everything was done by the three surgeons (Pritchard, Schriver, and Wilson) that humanity could devise or medical skill perform. The junks were destroyed, five of which more than ordinarily deserve notice. They wet e built of the most substantial materials, evidently for war purposes, as they differed in many respects from the common trading junks. They carried very large guns-32, 24, and 12- pounders. A. 68-pounder was found in one of them ; another had no less than 21 guns mounted, the weight of one of which, carrying only an 18-pound shot, was esti• mated at not less than 50 cwt. Two lorchas and seven junks that had been detained by the pirates were re leased ; two of which, however, had to be burnt, to pre vent their falling again into the hands of the piratical junks that escaped, tune and an adverse wind and tide not allowing them to be brought away. The officers em ployed estimate the guns taken at 200, large and small, and the pirates at 1,000, 500 of whom were killed. The following are the names of the officers engaged, with a list of the killed and wounded : British.—Commander W. A. Fell°, es ; Lieuts. C. J. Wrey, and T. H. Greer ; Paymaster R. Brownsdon ; Assist.-Surgeon T. Wilson ; Mate G. G. Lomax. American.—Lieuts. R. P. Pegram, H. Rolando, and J. H. Jones, If.S.M. ; Assist.-Surgeon A. Schriver ; Master E. Y. M'Cauley ; Assist.-Engineer Kiliogg ; Master's Mate S. R. Craig ; Boatswain G. Bailey. Killed.—British: John Massey, gunner, R.M.A. ; James Silver, carpenter's crew ; George Mitchell, A. 8.; William Oliff, private R.M. (missing). American.—Joseph A. Halsey, landsman ; Isaac Coe, ditto. Wounded.--British—J o h n Lindsay, gunner, R.M.A.; David Lloyd, gunner, R.111.A., burnt severely ; Richard Clarke, stoker, slightly wounded and burnt ; Jas. Pout ter, A.B. ; John Eade, A. 8., burnt severely ; James Paull, boy, burnt badly ; William Robinson, gunner, R.M.A., contused head. American—Lieut. R. 13. Pegram, contusion of hand ; Lieut. 11. Rolando, burn of hand ; John Pepper, seaman, mortally (since dead) ; Benjamin Adamson, ma rine, gunshot, mortally (since dead) ; Jeremiah Prender gast, landsman, fracture of left clavicle and burns, Sam. Mullard, marine, burnt dangerously; Fred. Hommel], marine, burnt very severely ; Washington Carnes, sea man, burnt severely ; P. Walderachmidt, marine, burnt severely ; Joshua Lewis, seaman, burnt severely ; W . m.. Taylor, captain after guar d , b urnt severe ly ; Ch as . Ting, well, seaman, cutlass wound. * The former under command of Lieuts. Wrey and Greer, and Mr. Lomax, mate ; the latter of Mr. M`Cauley, ma s t er, and Assistant-Surgeon Schriver—the English marines having been first transferred to the American launches. MORTALITY AMONGST NAVAL OFFICERS.—There has been an unusual mortality amongst the higaer class of naval officers lately, upwards of 20 admirals having died this year. SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. CHESTER, AUTUMN MEETING. TUESDAY. ADDITIONAL PARTICULARS. The Shorts Handicap of 10 soya, each, h ft, with 50 added; for all ages; extra weight for certain winners; the second to receive 20 soya, out of the stakes. Seven furlongs. (19 subs.) Mr. E Gill's Bourgeois, by British Yeoman, 5 yrs, 9st (including 51b extra) (J. Osborne) 1 Mr. J. Tomlinson's Maid of Cadiz, 3 yrs, (h b), 6st2lb _ (Fordharn) 2 Mr. J. Davies's Titterstone, aged (h b) Bst 71b (W. White) 3 Mr. La Mert's Schamyl, 3 yrs Est 101b...(J. Foster) 4 Betting-3 to 1 agst Maid of Cadiz, sto 1 each agst Bright Pbcebus and First Fly, 6 to 1 each agst Bour geois and Berezina, 7to 1 apt Schamyl. After the false start described in our report yesterday they were all called again to the post, and at last the flags were low ered, and the work commenced in earnest. First Fly rushed away with the lead, which she held until they en tered the Dee side of the course, when she bolted to the right, and ran nearly into the river. Schamyl then went on with the running, but when near the Grosvenor-bridge was passed by Maid of Cadiz: Titterstone and Bourgeois being then third and fourth. At the distance Bourgeois caught the Maid, and at last beat her by a length. The same distance between the second and third ; bad fourth. The Alma Stakes of 5 sovs, each, with 100 added, for 2-yr olds ; colts, Bst 71b; fillies and geldings, Bst 41b. Cer tain penalties and allowances. The second to receive 50 save. out of the stakes. Three quarters of a mile. (43 subs.) Mr. E. Parr's Stork by Gabbler or Sir Isaac, 9st Mr. Worthingto n ' s Ad am , B s t 21b (Quinton) I (Ashman) 2 Mr. J. Osborne's Alfred, Bst 11lb (J. Osborne) 3 The following also ran :—Merrywing, Wasp, Salmon. Betting.—Even on Stork, 5 to 2 agst Merrywing, 6 to 1 agst any other. Stork held the lead throughout, and won easily by two lengths. Half a length between the second and third. Bad fourth. THE TRADESMEN'S WELTER CllP.—Alonzo was the only horse that " put in an appearance ;" and as the 40 sovs. were consequently not to be added, he was sent back without having a walk over, and the event became "null and void." BETTING ON THE COURSE. CESAREWITCH. 7to 1 agst Robgill (taken) 12 to 1 agst King Tom (taken) 20 to 1 agst Sultan (taken). 25 to 1 agst Monarque (taken) 25 to 1 agst Mr. Sykes (taken) 25 to 1 agst Black Swan (taken) 30 to 1 agst Vmdex (taken) 40 to 1 agst Bolton (taken) 40 to 1 agst Weathercock (taken) WEDNESDAY. Selling Race of 5 sous each, with 30 added, for all ages. Optional selling weights. Mr. Treen's colt by Van Tromp, out of the Wren, 2 yrs (351.) 6st (Fordbam) 1 Mr. James's Garnet, 2 yrs (301.) sst9lb...(Bardcastle) 2 Mr. Saxon's Tom Thumb, 2 yrs (401.) Est 6lb (J. Foster) 3 Mr. Jones's Hippona, 2 yrs (301.) 6st 31b...(Bearpark) 4 Betting. -5 to 4 agst the Wren colt, sto 2 agst Gar net, 7 to 2 agst Hippona. Won by a neck ; four lengths between the second and third. Half a length between the third and fourth. Th• winner was bought in. The Grand Stand Stakes (handicap) of 10 sovs each, with 50 added, for two-yr-olds. Extra weight for certain winners. Seven furlongs. (12 subs.) Mr. Robinson's Plumpten Maid, by Gameboy, 7st (Quinton) 1 Sir. J. Boswell's Merrywing, 6st 121b...(Waddington) 2 Betting.-6 to 4on Plumpton Maid, who won easily by a length and a half. The Chester Handicap Plate of 200 sovs, given by the citizens, added to a Sweepstakes of 5 sovs each. Extra weight for certain winners. The second to re ceive 50 sovs. out of the stakes. One mile and seven furlongs. (39 subs.) Mr. W. Treen's Imogene, 3 yrs, sst 81b ...(Fordham) 1 Mr. W.Palmer's The Chicken, 3 yrs, Est 41b (Bearpark) 2 Mr. J. Osborne's YorkshiFe Grey, 3 yrs, sst 121 b _ • (Challoner) 3 The following also ran :—Speed the Plough, Alonzo, Seducer, Bright Phizebus, Honeysuckle, Le Juif, Little Davie, Simon Pure, Jenny Wren. Betting-4 to 1 agst Simon Pure, 9to 2 agst Imo gene, 8 toil each agst Alonzo, Speed the Plough, Chicken, and Honeysuckle, 10 to 1 agst Little Davie. Won by a neck ; four lengths between the second and third ; a length between the third and fourth ; Alonzo was fifth ; Jenny Wren, Seducer, Simon Pure, and Honeysuckle passed the post next in the order named. The Wynnstay Handicap Plate of 100 soya, given by the Grand Stand proprietors, added to a sweepstakes' of 5 soya each, for 2' - and 3•yr olds. Extra weight for certain winners. The' Second to receive 50 soya out of the stakes, and the third to Save his stake. Seven furlongs. (23 sifts.) Mr. Henderson's fby lago, 2 yrs 4st 71b (o. Sat) Fordham) 1 Mr. J. Osborne's First Fly, 2 yra, sat 41b (Chslloner) 2 Mr. W. James's Preston, 2 yrs, 6st 101 b (in. 71b extra) (Quinton) 3 The following also ran :—Berezina, Baroda, Schamyl, and Maid of Cadiz. Betting--2 to 1 agst filly by lago, 3to 1 agst First Fly, 6to 1 agst Preston, 10 to 1 agst Baroda. Won by a neck ; two lengths between the second and third, half a length between the third and fourth. A Plate of 50 soya (Handicap), for all ages. The winner of any handicap run this day, 71b extra. Three _quarters of a mile. Mr. James's Prestbn, 2 yrs, sst 81b (Hardcastle) 1 Mr. Sparrow's Master Slender, 6 yrs, 7st 121 b (White) 2 The following also ran :—Timothens, Jenny Wren, Lady in Waiting, Sine Qua Non, Miss Birch, Alfred, Chere Petite, Plurupton Maid, Crabstock. BETTING ON THE COURSE. OESAREWITCH STAKES, 15 to 2 agst Robgill (taken) 12 to 1 agst King Tom (taken) 12 to 1 agst Mr. Sykes (taken) 100 to 6 agst Sultan (taken) 30 to 1 agst Vindex (taken) 33 to 1 agst Lady Tatton (taken) 33 to 1 agst Joe Miller (offered) BEDFORD RACES. WEDNESDAY. The Preparation Stakes of 5 sovs each, 3 ft, with 20 added. Gentleman riders. Professionals 6lbs extra. To start at the distance, and go once round. (5 subs.) Mr. Beville's Georgium Sidus, by Meteor, 3 yrs, lOst 51b (Mr. Devine, juo.) 1 Mr. G. Hobson's Minos, aged, list 111 b Mr. J. Lebird's Tchernaya (late County, aged, 12st 61b, including 61b extra) (J. Frisby) 3 Mr. Smith's Dalston, 3 yrs, lOst 51b (Mr. Batson) 4 Betting-2 to lon Georgium Sidus. Won by eight lengths. The other two beaten off. The Town Stakes of 3 soya each, with 25 added. Three quarters of a mile. (3 subs.) Mr. B. Land's Bordeaux, by Cotherstone, aged (401.) Bst 71b Mr. Mellish's Gossip, 5 yrs (501.), Bst 121 b (Sherwood) 2 Mr. John's Lady Constance, 2 yrs (501.), sst 121 b (Bray) 3 Betting-6 to 4on Gossip. Won by two lengths, three lengths between the second and third. The Bedfordshire Stakes of 20 sovs each ; 10ft, and flee only if declared, with 70 added by the members for the county and borough of Bedford. Two miles. (24 subs., 18 of whom declared.) Mr. G. Drew's Mayboy by Trueboy, 3 yrs, 4st 101 b (Bundy) 1. Duke of Bedford's Weathercock, 4 yrs, Est 131 b (J. Steggles) 2 Mr. Coleman's Sidney, 4 yrs, Est 71b (Bray) 3 Betting:-7 to 2on Weathercock, sto 1 agst May boy, 10 to 1 agst Sidney. Won by four lengths ; bad third. The Two-yr-old Stakes of 10 sovs each, with 50 added by the Duke of Bedford ; colts, Bst 71b ; fillies, Bst 4lb ; winners extra. Last half-mile. (7 subs.) Mr. F. Fisher's Maid of the Morn, by Chanticleer, Bst 4lb (.J. Mann) 1 Mr. G'reville's Ceres, Bst 7lb (inc. 31b extra) (Flatman 2 M. Fould's Ramadan, Bst 71b (R. Sherwood) 3 Mr. Coleman's Sir Tatton, Bst 71b (Land, jun.) 4 Betting :-5 to 4 agst Ceres, 6 to 4 agst Ramadan, 4 to 1 agst Maid of the Morn. Won by a length; bad third. Sir Tattoo beaten off. The Two-year-old Selling Stakes of 25 sovs, added to a Sweepstakes of 5 sovs each. Optional selling weights, &c. Three-quarters of a mile. (3 subs.) Duke of Tedford's Bandalore, by Tadmore, (401.) Bst (J. Steggles) 1 Mr. G. Bruce's Philip (401.), Bst (J. Lowe) 2 Mr. John's Lady Constance, 7st 111 b (Gregory) 3 Betting :---Even on Bandalore , 6 to 4 agst Philip. Won by four lengths ; bad third.. The winner was claimed. LATEST BETTING. CESABEWITCII STAKES. sto 1 agst Robgill (taken) WARWICK OCTC Weights for the Grand Open miles. Forfeits to be dee! October. )BER MEETING. i Steeplechase. About four lared ou or before the 9th of Age st lb Bourton Frank Picard ll 6 Jean de Quesne ll '1) Seaman St. Arnaud 5 10 2 Forest Queen lO 0 Tom Gurney Minos 9 10 Rosa ............ a 9 10 Tipperary Boy_ a 9 9 Maurice Daley... a 9 8 Star of England.. 9 5 Louis Napoleo n Age st lb (late Nicholas) a 9 4 Bulfinch a 9 3 Emigrant (h b) A 9 3 Bruiser (II b) 6 9 2 Odiharn (h b) Dangerous a 9 2 Blue Beard 9 1 Dieppe Royalty Eugene Ringleader. SOUTH DOWN FOXHOUNDS. —This pack have lost their esteemed master, Mr. Freeman Thomas ,whose place has been filled by Mr. Alexander Donovan, a gentleman well k❑own in the Rent, and a good sportsman. He has built new kennels at Ringmer, near Lewes. A terrible accident occurred on the 11th, on the St. Petersburg and ZarskGje-Selo Railway. The train got of the rails near the canal which surrounds the capital, and ran straight against some loccmotive sheds. The shock was such that the first carriage was crushed to pieces ; eleven persons were killed on the spot, and forty were more or less severely injured. Amongst the latter were the Princess Bariatynska, Princess Soltikoff, Ge- ' 'nem] Efimowitscb, and Prince Alexander Trubetzkoi. Country Markets. EDINBURGH MEAL MARKET—Ocr. 2. There were in the market to-day 16 sacks oatmeal, net weighing 280 lbs imperial, which sold at 51s and 00b. EDINBURGH HAY AND STRAW MARRET OCT. 2. -- There was a large supply of straw of all descriptions the market. The prices to-day were as follow : Oat straw, from 7s 6d to lOs Od per kemple of 16 stony Iron; wheat do., 7s Od to 8s 6d; barley do., Os Od 8s Od• Hay from 10d to 13d ; new ditto, Od to Od per stone. DALKEITH MEAL MARKET—OoT. 1. Oatmeal, per sack of 2801bs First. I Second. Third imperial ,O,' Barleymeal, per ditt o —s Od I—s Od. ,—s ! Peasemeal, per ditto Flour, per ditto —s Od —s Od —s Il t ,, Pot-barley, pe r ditt o —s t" D ÜBLIN—Ocr. 2. White wheat, 41s Od to 45s 6d ; red ditto, 39s to 43e 0 1 , barley, 17s Od t o 20 s Od ; oats, 16s 6d to 18s 6d ; rapesee° 40s Od to 45s Od per brl ; oatmeal, 15s Od to 17s Od ; bake l flour, 23s 6d. to 27s Od per cwt ; Imtiau corn, 40s Od to 41s per 48 Olbs. MT.-00T. 3. ;he close of the market. Wallsond, &o. Lumley 21 Plummer Russell's Hettou 22 Trimdon Hartlepool 22 Tees 22 Evenwood 19 Birchgrove Graigol a 23 Derwentwater Hartley 19 Londonderry Coke 33 I Sold COAL MARK. Prices of Coal per ton at ti 8. d. Buddle W. Hartley l9 3 Howard's West Hartley Netherton 19 0 LongHdge's Wet Hartley 19 3 South Tanfield 16 t Grey's West Hartley lB 3 Wallsend, &o. Heaton 2O 9 Eden Main 21 9 Haswell 22 6 Ships at market... 19 SEABORNE MAILS. (N signifies that the malls are sent from the General Poll by the night—and M by the morning --despatch.) Day when made uh p ram w h at wues COUNTRIES. in General Post- Office, London. *Di Port due ,n Dispatched. Envisir imerica(byllrit.pack)N Every Friday .... Li verpool ~. Each' SO AniericP. (by United Sts. packet) .... • . ....N ........ • • Li verpoo l ... Oct. 6 America (by U. States packet) ........N ** • • ••. —• • Southamptonl Australia (via South • ampton) ......... MI •••••• ••• •• • • Southampton A ug. , I '- Ditto (via Marseilles) N. Ditto (via Cape of Good . • • ... :Unced Africa ( West Coast) ..13,23d of the month ..i plymouth .. Oct. 6 Alexandria.......... ........ .. NlB, 9. 24, & 30 of in.lDover ...... ' Bahamas ...........31,17th of the month: Alexandria ........ ..M 4th & 20th of mon .ISouthampton Brazil Be lg iu m . A y r . : .. a s . . .. :. :. ::. :. .. ...... m M IC i l i l i, h a h i 10 0 Y f i t t . e e . i n ii I . o c; n ;1 t i fl i .. ••• so Southampton Dover.& u a t t h h a a m m. p i: to t°. n ? ' Oct, 15 .'Daily : . 11 n Varions p0rt.,17 cars' 1 • Cape de Verde ......N 9th of thl month' ? Southampton Oct. 15 Ceylon (see India) BC: Cape auPe ne G 800 of flood Good hop e ll op e :: N N I 1 Ceylon ..............N I Channel Isles.— , . ..N i Mon ~Wel.,&Frid.'Southampton ,Tu.Tb,ll Chi1i........ .... • ......,?,12d & 17th of mon th Southampton; . China .... . 'Once a month.... Oct. 4 Constantinople ......ki '8,13,18,23,&28 of nnnover ...... 1 Constantinople .........4th & 20th of raon. Smthamptoril ' ..f Cont. of Europe M & NTwice d a il y ...• • . :Dover ......ITwlci or Egypt (see India) libraltar ........ M 4,7, 17, 5 0,27 of m• •Southamptot Oct. 6 'lrene° (seo India) . lreytown ..........31 2nd & 17th of mon.,Soutbampton liarnburgh ..........N Tuesday & Friday London lavannah .......... M i2nd of the monthiSouthanapton Nov. 5 Elolland .... .. .. .. .. bi'Daily .• ..••. • • . • • : D over ....• Honduras .......... 31117th of the month. Southampton 16thoiV India (viaSouthampt.)M 4th & 20th of mon.i Plymouth India (via Marsoilles)M•9th&26th of month Dover .... ; lonian Isles (see India) '7, 17, & 27 of mon Dover.... :: rio.shea. Ireland •.......M & N Twice daily., .... ' A Lisbon .............. Ml 7, 9, 17, & 27 of m. Southampton Oct. 16 Madeira .......... ..Ml9th of the month Southampton Oct. 15 4adeira ............N 23d of month .. • •ILiverpool 1 walta (see India) I , Malta ..............N 8, 18. &28 of mon.Dover Oct. 4 Mauritius (see India) Mauritius ..........N 14th of the month 1 Mexico ............ hi . 2iill of the month.. 'Soathampton Oct. 1 Naples ...... ........N fithl6th2sthofmon.'Dover .... i Now Granada ......M 18 1 & 17th of mouth iSouthampto.r.,! ........:,15:1175:111,2257tthhooffnimoo:. D So o u v t er h a . m . p .. tp . n . l New Z011and..........E7 private ship .. Various port u n oarto id & 27th of mon.lNouthamptonl Papal States ........N sthlhth2athohnon. Dover .... •• i P P e e r n u i n5 . u ... 1a .... ........ :.. ........ .. A( Port Natal ..........N By private ship...lVarious ports uncoil T ii d e s j c iY any ............Nlsthlsth2sthofmon. Dover icneznela ..........31 2d & I7th ofmonth Southampton 1 & 161° Van Diemen's Lan d (see I Australia) .......... West Indies .... ' ....M 1,1& 17th 01 month ISouthannom , E. ,a it !S9uthampton'i & 16 When any of these dates fall on a Sunday, the mai►s will t 74 spatched on the following day, with the exception of the India Southampton), and the Malta, both of which will be despatched preceding day. WIND AND WEATHER RRPOBT. WIW,IISDA.Y, October Course of Wind. State of West ° Overcast. Rain. Cloudy. Fine. Cloudy. Cloudy. Fine: Cloudy. Fine—Cloudy. Cloudy. Fine. Rain. Rain. Fine. Rain. Cloudy. Foggy. Fine. Rain. Rain. Fine. Cloudy. Cloudy. /Lain. Rain. Rain. Rain. Rain. Much rain. Rain. Much rain. Much rain. Much rain. Fine. Cloudy. Cloudy. Cloudy. Cloudy. Cloudy. Cloudy. Cloudy. Cloudy. Cloudy. Cloudy. Rain. Cloudy. Cloudy. Cloudy. Rain. Stations, Greenwich S. Lothbury. Manchester S. Sheffield S. S. W.. Stoke-on-Trent N ....... Carlisle S. S. W.. Lancaster N.E.... Maryport.. E.N.E... Whitehaven S. Derby E.N.2..., Nottingham Brighton S.S.E. ... Yarmouth E. Cambridge N.E Lowestoft .... ..... N.W Harwich E. Ipswich W.N. W Shrewsbury N.E....... Holy head Dublin s S.E. Liverpool Leicester E. ............ Leeds E. 5.E..... Southampton Cowes S.W .......... Portsmouth S.W. Poole S.W Bristol S.E. Exeter S. W Cardiff S. Swansea S. Haverfordwest Gloucester W.S. .... Gainsborough Great Grimsby E.... ... . ..... York Perth Newcastle Glasgow N.E Edin burgh S. W Scarborough ...... S.W Berwick S.W . Whitby S. W Dundee Hull E. Aberdeen S.E. Sunderland 5.E.......... Darlington S Amsterdam N. W A THIEF FAST IN A CHIIINIY.—As police-eonst Win. Brown was on duty in Regent-road, near the lel‘ racks, about a quarter past one o ' clock yesterday mot, , ing, he h ear d a man calling " Murder !" but for a time he was unable to determine whence the call r, ceeded. At l eng th h e concluded that it must come iftli a chimney i n th e b arrac k canteen, which proved oorrec, It was found that a man was inside the chimney and CO not extricate himself ; and further, that neither from top of the chi mney nor f rom the bottom of it could ot/ ' assistance be r en d ere d to hi m, w i thout pulling down 1,, 7 , of the chimney. Thi s was accordingly done ; aid in ab°: two hours, at 20 mi nu t es past t h ree o ' clock, the man'li extricated. He pr ove d t o b e a pr i vate of the 51st Reg the depot of which is stationed at the barracks. name is O'Riley ; he had his jacket turned ins:de out, was without shoes or stockings, and he admitted that , had descended the chim ne y f rom th e roo f o f the ean tee with the intention of committing plunder when he s in side.—Manchester Guardian. BIRTHS. OP A BON. On the 3d inst., at 3, Foley -place, Cavendish-square, t ill lady of Joseph Jennings, Esq., of Hawkhurst. On the 3d inst., at 4, Glocester-crescent north, WO bourne-terrace, the wife of John Henry James, Esq. OP A DAUGHTER. On the 2d inst., at Sydenham, the wife of S. Lai o ‘ Esq., M.P. On the 2d inst., at Birdsall House, Mrs. Willoughby', On the 2d i ns t., at Hitchin, Mrs. Charles E. Prime. MARRIED. LCohnadrolnes, GtoardAinneorieGßuattre4i son, D.V ie; all wa e n as se t, a, vicar of Swansea, an d Ch ancellor of St. Davi d Howson, •' e ldest daughter of th e l a t e Rev. William illsl Es o q n t o h f e 3 1 d 8, in r st a . l , l- a m t Cathedral. On the 2d inst., at Eglingham, the Hon. George H. Grant, , youngest son of th e l a t e Earl of Seafield, to EIF nora, ourth daughter o f th e l ate Sir W. G. Gordon Cu' wing, Bart., of Altyro. DIED. On the 30th ult., at 12, Hereford-street, Thomas 1 ,11% Delamere, aged 88. On the 2d inst., at Sapcot Rectory, the Rev Jo Bickersteth, rector of Sapcotee Leicestershire, and . Rol l Dean, aged 74. On the let inst., at 15, Aldersgate-street, Mr. Thad Saul), wine and spirit merchant, aged 53. On the Bth ult., killed at the assault and capture of hastopol, Willi am H o ll and Lecky Daniel Cuddy, Ea, Lieut.-Colonel in H.M. 55th Regt., aged 41. a o On the Bth u lt., a t S e b astopol, from wounds receive the parapet of the Redan, Captain J. C. N. Stevenson, the H.M. 30th R eg t ., e l dest son of John Newcombe Si'„ venson, Esq., of Hay n, county of Devon. On the 14th ult., in camp before Sebastopol, of wooe d received on the Bth, Ensign Christopher Jitichell, 49th k ;;invent, seco n d son of the Rev. T. P. Michell, of Stande e near Hungerford, aged 19. Ou the 2d inst., at 49, Brompton-square, Li en t.-Col°l3l, Giliies M`Pherson, formerly of the 99th Regt., and late' of the Royal Canadian Rifles. LONDON : Printed and Published by MURDO YOU I•II ,, ' of No. 112, strand, Printer, at The Sun Office, No. 1 1 1 Strand, i n th e P rec i nc t o f th e Savoyin iLh. coun t% ° Aliddleseit, Thursday, October 4, 1805. N' John B: Thomas William Edward Jahn F( Charles John Fe Robert I B AIMER Abstra ' 4 The nt Ass= Annua Pollete In D Felteie Anal nahn thltto - ..bat irest4 Amour Prerr -Amon' Amouu men< Balanc the y Thereof At the the reduc of premiu policy hal from 50 t the prece Member reminded Prospec tion at th Sept. 21 Ta For tr 4 Drawl/11 and intere Mi. Del 'vary lug fr Which th 4 date, and ) ar Bills o able to be( any note the Bank rica,rnaY 1 Chief omc vertible, a reapeetabl, Bills of Ex Bank. for anY place without Forms o and any fa of the Br Branch, 77 Deo Bran( Branch, 61 gent's-elict Chief Or ARG: NC' Alesic wit the week of the Val ?Abel Ne Rol du Pass bert), Bric l'olkas—D( bert), Des The Imperl --La Guirla cleat Cornet One Sinllinl CIGA 0 J• L. R E of his chol Sold in Box Warehou r y erfem i TE„ . : the origi nal decay, and This metho( o peration, a guaranteed rendered sc borne from Rov Th.( beyond Rut flourishing the Human 15n1a11), ari Oriental complexion eating all c bottle. or earl e t ransmitted Value in m grams, and box. s .* Pew; bears the n the wrapper 20, Hat P I -I HE c TAT , *general in adopted, it i Which will 1 of military s ucceeded,. t art provisi, the analo^3, MOSES am' fu lly atteste Co mmand. tler naray ga a i l criticis m E. M OSES al the opponen refiources ar The Kerb ale are seas comfort secs of oilier ele flaered with at extraordi Every art ifosEs and ; easY. Nov, ance and in Hats and Order. The large nor materia noslery fi Prices alwa , S Portsme 'lllMltable Measuremel CAUTIOI , Public ag a i n , falsehood of the s ame Co] obvious real No CoNNE London C 81, 45 . and London Ni and 3, Bradford Sheffield l Colonial I Merchant and Shoo for Ladies a Should an ttsfaction, it turned with SPECIAL Saturday Cl G R No °the no Packs Terrace Pier 1 2 6 6 5 Omnibuses every quart( BRUNSWI( Fen church Street To or from GrAVO! Erith Erith DO tween ar , October 1 f•Ti 4 nbo ppro r irtu , one 0 the Lire) Poi civil, Props S' Ca DEPuI the Au m, !yer Ito ( Loa ] quartei Defe ~...__