The Sun. — London, England, 1842-09-07 00:00:00

• : 7.. T;1114ht which has come over our industry 'Since 18.38. It forced upon us the glut of --o,orix at one time, and cheapness gave a great stimulus to consumption at home, and to produc tion for the foreign market. It constrained us to put up with dearth at another time, which .greatly diminished consumption, and the possi bility of manufaCturing fir other countries. _lf it were not for the law - thus plainly inter , &ring with the beneficent operations of com merce, and compelling merchants to . frame their proceedings by an artificial and very often an inapplicable rule, that over production, as it called, or over-trading, to which our Too Con temporaries ascribe the prese..t distress, would be one of he most curious and inexplicable phe nomena of man's moral nature. That one or two sanguine men of business should commit errors is not extraordinary, but -over-trading implies that the whole race of merchants, in two or more countries, shrewd and cool men, whose business is calculation, and observing the Wants of society, are as foolishly erratie, in their conduct as a. love-sick girl. The plain fact is, that all commerce is based on the wants of man. It has, therefore, a natural foundation, as broad, and permanent, and steady as those wants and natural rules by which, it must be guided. When the legislator interferes with trade, he inakes the natural rules inapplicable, but mer chants must continue to follow them; hence their errors, and hence that want of adjustment between its supiply and demand at home and abroad, which the object of their lives to promote. The Merchants and manufacturers, by their proceed ings, are the immediate causes or agents both of forced enterprise and adversity; but their errors ; are the consequences of the confusion which the legislator, by meddling with a subject of which he knows neither the beginning nor the end, has introduced into trade. To ascertain the cause of our present distress, then, the moral as well as the material effects of legislation must be closely scrutinised. The letter signed " A STOKER," which we yes terday- transferred to our columni, on account of the . great interest which we take in steam navi gation, was principally confined to showing Low th 3 West India Steam Packet Company may probably be successful. STOKER'S proposal is to only one steamer from England with the mail, and let the mails for the West Indies be despatched via Halifax. It is impossible to cast one's eye at a map, and see that Halifax is situated alitiost as far to the westward as the West India islands, and is nearer to them than England by 1 , 0 00 or 1,200 miles, and not at once to admit the propriety of this suggestion. But after that con viction has flashed upon us, and we have agreed with STOKER that the nation ought not to send two 1,200 ton steamers through fifty or sixty degrees !of longitude to carry a few hundred-weights of letters, when one would serve—after we have come to that conclusion, mainly on account of the expense of sending the two, we can scarcely fail to ask ourselves why an English steam vessel should run along the whole sea board of the United States, as STOKER proposes, to trans ! . port a few letters to and from Halifax and the West Indies ? The same arguments which he has so well put against sending steam packets from Southampton to St. Thomas apply to his own proposal to send them from St. Thomas to Halifax, when they could obtain all that they Would go to Halifax for at Savannah, in Georgia, or Charlestown, or some other ports of ' the United States, seven or eight hundred miles nearer the West Indies than Halifax. At present a steam-vessel carries 'the mail to and from Boston and Halifax, and when it arrives at Boston the letters are taken charge of at the American Post-office, and jclistributed through the Union. Some of thoseietters go to New Orleans, to Charlestown, to Savannah, and to the ports and places at the extreme South of the United States. Already there exist the United States means for sending letters, and forwarding passengers and luggage to every part of the Union. The American Post•office, therefore, and some American Com .. pany which already conveys passengers and par cels from Boston to Charlestown, could, and we have no doubt would, without much additional cost, convey letters, parcels, and passengers, in tended for the West Indies, to some port in the extreme South. Our Government might, with out much difficulty, enter into an arrangement with the Government of the United States, to send its own courier if it liked from Boston to Savannah, or some other port in the South, and to that port a steam-packet, which need not be half 1,200 tons, might repair, to carry them to the West Indies, and so our steam-boats be saved -t.voyage of seven or eight hundred miles. If, • indeed, there be between our own North Ame lican colonies and the West Indies sufficient 'traffic to pay the chief expense of sending a ;.steam-boat from St. Thomas to Halifax, it would be no use troubling ourselves about the United States; but if not, it will be, as it appears to us, extremely wasteful to send such a boat monthly, ' when nearly the half of the service might be ) )erfornied for us by the Americans at a very tri ing expense. We do not enter into details; we are not de ded in our preference for any port; we only, su ggest, should one series of mail steam packets be employed by the Government in conveying e':.ters across the Atlantic, and that series is to pple Halifax the port of arrival, that the con y eniences which already exist in the United hatet; for conveying letters, &c., to the most r loath:ern point of their territory should be bor rowe6l for an adequate consideration to convey our. mails to the same point. By so doing we shall be far better able to bear the cost of main taini'ng one series of steam packets to cross the Atlantic. It will have . all the letters to carry which are now sent by two. We shall save also t4e expense of sending a steam-boat a voyage of 8 00 miles, from the southern part of the United State; to Halifax. Moreover it is likely that a great portion of the correspondence between the United States and all the West India islands, Which is now transmitted by casual ships, would be tent by the English steam packets, which Would be employed to convey the mails from t he United States to the West Indies. Nego tiations, if necessary, might be entered into with the Government of the United States; but it is 3 n l Possible to see steamers running from England . It o Halifax, and not desire that the means of ' trans „port, which already exist in the United Mates for forwarding letters to the South, .Should be made available for the purposes of Znglish commerce, and saving the public money. If it be s - tid that there might be delays in the - United States, we reply that the Americans are a hilliness, punctual people, who will steadfitstly Perform what they undertake to perform for money. Already it is not unusual for persons, `coming to England from the West Indies, to ( *lie by way of Charlestown and New York. Twice lately, we think, since the West India hail-packet Company's vessels have been run ning) we have received important intelli gence from the West Indies, through the United States. The account of the earth quake at St. Domingo, and of a riot at Jamaica, Were first made known to us by American papers. That_ intelli gence was carr i e d t o th e U n it e d mutes by casual sailing vessels, and we must 'conclude, therefore, that, were a regular mail tarried by a steam vessel, established between t he West Indies and a port in the south of the United States, and forwarded thence to Halifax by the speediest conveyance, intelligence w ould be trans m itted to and from the West In die s... more sp ee dily than by any other method. interrupted by war, as it might be, we should then have the same means as as now to carry on the communication by our °Urn resources; but, in the meantime, let us, if We can, make those of the United States serve . our purposes. STOKER looks at this important question only na some Companies are interested in it, but it in ;Dives far higher considerations than their pro ts, and deserves to b e taken up in the most en larged spirit of tatesmanship. To promote com munication easily and cheaply with all parts of .strt et. E N S 7 FOUR QUEEN also just street. to the rcoici3 all ted to the ttion, be• structions egal lan. Central Strange. ity)• 1842. JR of ;lA, JSSIA, eral DlS wy which, ITUNES BURGH, BONDS EVIOUS PARTI , a lino to when io, Mr. W. ornia, Miss [his Lane. Acts, writ lElt RIES. ; Vincent, r. Har ey ; Crossbone. n at Seven. Circles 55.. s Ticket*. st the Box— had. . Andrews, in.l of Mr- NAZIR, him at all HI. Hughes; itled THE ELS AND r Gingham MY MAN Hiss E. Ter. iner, at the OUSE. ihly trained CLERK.--• with Sengs). ar in a new ines, Esq.. It Of THE Egan. Esq., N.—Cerin es jemmy 1- teen, Aliso ses Tasteful tlf-past Sil; Box-otiice ; it Libraries. )ENS. n Handel t Eight. >DAY, an* n of uniq e several Zoo, 0 of ROME led Band of ing Beethi- Vai " frail e, a new se- A. and a va• I the °lran echnic Spec and Superb Shilling. cert at Half- DAY. tes after 3. Em.imm......um...... E 7, 184* es is be e leisure best ex n of what deserip in much loverty is omunitp different the long Euglanat Len fully :o enable So coin' .eful m actual:. labour jo' able the and per rease or 4.RDO dl , but the .rs must believed, sufficieut Ate their b is the • lmunio le verge it. la s feel at the rule, ce he case. eh corn tot beem tan 1830 in the ?oor-law 'ere eat- Before pie were distress I than in )or-rates; : , the tat to 1836 i in conk d, from g dis- wages, lufactur aWe to ral dis- ment for want of n trastedA 32-183 S A, glow titre nquireJd tain the id is3B, 1 rule of `,:s were I were at. No of the I, is one in the ind ad by our 7.1 is IV ;tribuile , is tke It is, forbad it im- 101 l it ►rtatiom cause amerce erefore forced e will 'RE. lent So far as h can serve the purposes of the mer chant, without unduly taxing the rest of the com munityfor, highly as we prize - commerce;' eve would not tax the people to promote it—the.' o vernment is bound to serve them. A line . of regular communication kept up steam-boats, via Ilalifax,.the United States, and all the Western world, at us little cost as possible, - would be of advantage to commerce and to every part of the empire. It would ,helP; we_ believe, like every extension of outrelatious with the kindred_ people of the United States, to cement the brotherly union that ought always to exist between that country ai.a, Logiand. - On ail these considera tions, as well as from a desire to keep up steam navigation .across the Atlantic, at pret.ent'en dangered by its great cost, this subject ought to be „taken up by the Government. It devotes tlw public inuiley to convey/ the maiis . to Halifax and the West Indies, and it is bound to perform that service as effe.etually and cheaply as possible. The combinations of workmen to raise wages in Lancashire and other manufacturing districts, is the subject of 'a leading article in the Herald of this morning. As the Herald is one of the advocates of the Corh-law Monopoly, which produced the late strike by enhancing the price of bread, our readers may be curious to hear by what line of argument our Contemporary seeks to convict the operatives of all the folly and guilt which those who administer the laws now charge them with. Hear, • then, what the Herald says upon the subject:-- " Can they [the working classes] suppose for one instant that capital, unless it has perfect freedom and independence of action, will continue to sojourn amongst them ?, The spirit of capital is the most ethereal spirit that ever visited this every day world of ours. Attempt to lay a hand upon it, and it vanishes from the haunt which has ceased to afford it security, and will seek safety in some ob scure retreat, it it cannot find some other spot where the blessing of its presence would be better appreciated. To attempt to coerce it by such a confederacy as we have adverted to would be to chase it away with rods of iron Is this what the misguided men want ? Do they suppose that they will fare more sumptuously when they have exiled or destroyed the capital which has actually called them into existence r Do they imagine that their labour could be so profitably employed without the assistance and direction of capital ? if they sup ply hall the markets of the world with the works of their hands, it is capital alone which enables them to command their monopoly. It is capital alone which, by combining the ingenuity of one with the industry of another, the fancy of the designer with the manual dexterity of the weaver, enables them to enjoy all the benefits of co-operation. Capital in relation to labour is the belly to the members ; and would any man strike himself in the stomach to cure a spasm or a heartburn ?" Instead of the " working classes" read "landlords and legislators " in the first sentence of the above ex tract, and what an excellent exposure have we here of the wickedness of Parliamentary meddling with tariffs, sliding scales, and other impediments to the free investment of capital ! If capital be " the most ethereal spirit that ever visited this every day world of ours" —if it elude any attempt to touch it by vanishing from the haunt where it before appeared, wherefore do. Tory statesmen seek to fetter it by a system of artificial starvation ? Any mischief done by the turn out of workmen is but temporary ; but not so the operation of laws for keeping up the price of _food, which have the double effect of making bread dear, and closing the bread-producing markets of the world against the products of capital. The arguments of the Herald are arguments in favour of a free trade—a trade as unfettered bi- human legislation and the coercive con trol of combined workmen or capitalists as the winds that waft the condor to the peaks of the Andes, or the waves that roll over the wide surface of the Atlantic. Now, this is the doctrine of The Saw: To the Legislature we say, leave capital and labour to make their own bargains and adjust their own differences. As they do not fix a price upon their products, let them procure food wheresoever and as cheaply as they can. They will be sure to make the home grower the first offer, and that is enough for him, seeing that they seek not to compel him to consume all their wares at arbitrary prices. But the temptation to rob the capitalist and the operative is too strong for the landlords' sense of honesty. The logic which is ex pected to convince the working men makes no im pression upon them—and hence the Corn-laws, and the sugar duties, and the timber duties, and the cheese and butter duties, and the fresh and salt, quick and dead beef, mutton, pork, and all descriptions of meat duties ! What a set of plunderers of the poor—what a horde of de stroyers of capital, must not the Tory members of the Legislature appear in the eyes of our venerable Con temporary tl-Kt Herald! The inha'aitants of Derby have lately had a speci men of the • new system adopted by the Tories for the suppression of public discussion, and preventing the people from assembling and stating their grievances. On Wednesday notices were stuck on the walls that a lec ture would be given in the theatre on the following evening "up on the state of the country, and the ne cessity mid safety of extending political power to all classes of the ;v)eople." In order to prevent this a certain numb lr of the Magistrates held a secret meetim, sent for the lessor of the theatre, and, ,by some means or other, in duced him to break his engagement with those who had obtained his )ermission to meet in that building. The lessor, however, who does not appear to be a man of much firmness, a again changed his opinion, and con sidering that a moral-force lecture could do no harm, renewed the engage merit a second time. The acting Magistrates, on. learning this attempt to defeat their purposes, sent a body of police, who, according to an address of the Municipal. Electors to the Civic Authorities, by " sheer intimidation," induced the lessor to authorise them to eject the persons then in possession, and the theatre was finally closed. Now, had there been any reasonable apprehension that violent language would be used, or any attempt made to excite the hearers to commit a breach of the peace, such precautions could not be blamed ; but when it is known that the Lecturer i s a man of peaceable habits, that he, condemns in the str . ongest manner every act of violence, that the party to which he belongs have separated themselves front the physical-force men, and trust for political changes more to education and moral ii nprovement than t o any schemes for amending institut'ions, however defective, we can attribute this conduc': of the Magistrares only to a determination on their part to prevent free discussion, and keep down Englishmen by the military and police. Such a syst em is entirely oppos ed to the spirit of the Con stitution. The people of this country have long con sidered the right of petiti on one of their most sacred privileges; even in the v worst times, for the last cen tury and'. a half, they ha ve exercised it;. and it will, therefore , berather a hazardous attempt, in these days of nation al improvement, to reduce the people to a condition against which they often rebelled even in harbor:3las ages. If they are not allowed to meet, how ca:,a they consider their grievances, draw up petit ions for redress ? The one is intimately connect( .d with the other, an d it therefore becomes the duty of free subjects to resist this encroachment on political rights, and join with the Municipal Electors of Deft )y in using all lawfu and peaceful means to resisl at once such a dangerous innovation. The address is drawn up with mo deration and firmness, and aptly 1 oints out, in the following words, what will, to a cc Ttainty, be the result :----" They (the Magis trates` may be assured that a stoppage of the lawful far stronger and exprel ;si on of public opin ion will ultimately induce its unlav d expression in some way more (If mgerous. when free discussion --the great safety-valve of Exp?rience has ever shown that tide will gradually increase in intensity, until society put down, the p ent-u p feelings of the maltit fney ind vent in sonic dreadful outburst of popular dis nation." _ indif ~ T he Madrid Journals rec3ived yesterday are of the 28th ult. Want of money. continued to cripple the operations of the ,Government. The Gazette of that date announced. the opening of a new loan of fort: y millions of reads payable on the produce of the Ath v iden quicksilver mines, after the expiration of tiffs RoTIISCUILD contract. This is somethin like cc • ;king the hare before catching it—a pr g ocess de p.., cated by the thrifty Mrs. GL Ass. A report having e wailed in the Spanish capital that the Govern a ants of Spain and Portagal were on bad terms, the THE SUN, LONDON. WEDNESDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER-7, 1842. f art!elr , appeared in the ?! paper of the 28th, ult. _ _ "The journals of Madrid; as well as some foreign Newspapers; have been occupied for some days ba.cl: in remarking upon - the state of our relations with the neighbouring kingdom of Portugal. Groundingtheir calculations upon premises which explain themselves, the writers in these papers have proceeded to assert, that there was a complete misunderstanding between the Governments of the two countries, which might lead to actual hostilities. - So far from this being the case, Ve can affirm, without fear of contradiction, that the Spanish and ortuguese Governments are in that state Of harmonious relation which the proximity of the two countries requires ; that neither upon one side nor upon the other is there the slightest inotiVe of discord ; nor any symptoms whatever that could give cause for the belief ot, this harmony being interrupted. The Spanish _forces which ap proached the frOntierhad no other object in view than the active persecution of . the bandits in that quarter, and which gave much alarm to the inhabitants; and at present . these forces have 'other object in view than the prevention of smuggling carried on there to a . large extent. We repeat, therefore, with confidence, that between the two Governments. there reigns the most complete harmony." " The well known, end for some years the principal newspaper in Spain, the Eco del Comercio, has passed into new hands. The proprietor, M. Paz Garcia, and the chief editors, MM. Miguel Ayllon and Fuente Andres, took . leave:of their readers and subscribers in an article published in that paper of the 27th ult." We cannot put our Gallic Contemporaries in good humour with us. The war organs appear now as much displeased to hear that an English and French fleet are amicably cruising off the coast of Syria as they were two years ago at the friendly junction of the British and Russian squadrons. • Nothing will do for them but to.obtain satisfaction for the past, and se curity for the future. Satisfaction is not the most amicable word in the vocabulary of Joni.; BULL ; and the offer of sccurity for the fu ture would imply an admission of weakness on the part of France anything but flattering to the vanity of our neighbours across the Channel. The Courrier Francais contends that a state of isolation is not irksome to France, and that she ought to be in no hurry to make up matters with her quondam be trothed JOHN BULL, who deserted her for the caresses of the Northern Bear. The French Ambassador at Cobstantinople has told the world quite a different story. Without the concurrence of England he found it impossible to promise any protection to the Catholic inhabitants of Syria. As very few of the Christian population of the Lebanon are Greeks, Russia refused to unite with France in any plan for obtaining pro tection for them from the Porte. The EMPEROR saw, doubtless, that it would appear as ridiculous as inconsistent and unjust, to 'persecute the Roman Ca tholics in Poland, and to protect them in Syria. United, the moral power of England and France in Syria, is felt to be greater than the physical power of France if maintaining a policy of isolation. For the first time we find it announced in one of the French Journals, that the Duchess of ORLEANS had been - very ill, but that she is now better. Pri vate letters before stated that she was so ill that the departure of the Royal Family for Eu was postponed for some days in consequence, but the Press pre served a rigid silence upon the subject. Not a word is said as to her feelings with respect to the settlement of the Regency question. That she might have been led to think of ,her own ap pointment as Regent is hardly possible, seeing the suddenness with which the KING adopted his resolu tion ; and the probability had crossed the mind of the late Duke a ORLEANS, who endeavoured to pro vide against it; probably from reflecting that a Princess openly professing the Protestant religion could not safely be left to sway the destinies of the French nation ; for, since her marriage with the late Duke, the Duchess of ORLEANS has manifested no disposition to Conform to the forms of the Church of Rome. The Berlin correspondents of the Paris journals allude to the numerous reports still afloat of the dis covery of a conspiracy in Russia, for the purpose of murdering the EMPEROR. For the purpose, no doubt, of showing that their Majesties of RUSSIA and PRUSSIA are on the best terms, measures have been adopted for increasing the commercial intercourse between them, as will be seen by a reference to our Foreign Summary. " It appears (says a Journal) that since the death of her husband the Princess Helen is kept in a sort of seclusion. Too much contact between the Princess and political characters, is not desired, either at Neuilly or Eu. Princess Helen i 3 not seriously ill, but has been much indisposed for some months. Her constitution was already very weak before her mar riage, and the Princess - has long suffered from a com plaint, which obliges her to observe a very strict regimen. It was for this disorder that Princess Helen went to Plombieres for the benefit of the waters, from which she expected much relief. Since the sudden death of her husband, the most melancholy sensations have constantly agitated her, and must have had an influence on her preceding disorder. We are assured that Princess Helen feela her self excessively isolated at the Court of Louis Philip, and that the presence of the Dowager Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg, and the education of her children are her only consolation for so many dis pelled illusions and concentrated affections." We find the following in the Ministerial journals : " Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Orleans, who has been indisposed for some days, is much better. _ _ . " The health of the Count de Paris, the Prince Royal, continues tole excellent. The apartments in the Pavillon de Flere, in the Tuileries, are preparing for the winter, for the Duchess of Orleans, and the Princes, her sons. It is known that her Royal Highness will not again re side in the Pavillen Marsan, where sad recollections would continually revive her grief."—Commerce. DEATH or Mas. SOTER.—We deeply regret to an nounce the sudden and unexpected death of Mrs. Soyer, the wife of Mr. Soyer, of the Reform Club, and one of the most distinguished female artists of the day-., Mr. Soyer had accompanied the Duke of Saxe Coburg- Gotha to Belgi um for a few days, and was unfortunately absent. when his wife, who was near her confinement, was prematurely seized with the pains of child-birth, and expired in a few hours. Her style of paint ing was greatly admired by the best judges of art ; and her country has lost her at the moment,it was beginning to appreciate the origina lity of her genius. Some of her pictures were highly prized by the King and Queen of the Belgians, and the other members of the Saxe Coburg family, when in this country. Though only in the thirty-second year of her age, Mrs. Soyer has left behind her upwards of five hundred paintings—enough surely to sanctify her memory. Her funeral will take place to morrow at Kensall-green Cemetery. Fa 617 MEWS "T 1) 49nbite Ginnton. " Who runs may read?: pOrtErGIV. Our . French French:news- continues - to be of an uninteresting nature. From . article in the Currier Francais we gather that the war-party does not approve of the appearance of the English and French _squadrons otr the coasts of Syria. " The Syrian expedition," says M. Odilon Barrot's organ, ," is a concession to England, and an act of hostility against Russia, and in this double point of view we regard it as a blunder. The coalition of France and England against Russia had some value before the scandalous treason of the 15th of July. England made use of Russia against France in .1849, and she now wants to make use of France against Russia in 1842. W e will not subscribe to thin arrangement, fOr our isolation is not an impediment, and we prefer to remain alone, rather than return to a concert vhere the first part is not left to us." The Constitutionnel calls upon the French Govern ment to settle the Portendic question one way or the other. An inquiry ought to be instituted. If the English," it says, " are right in their demands for an indemnity, the amount ought to be fixed according to the real value of the ships seized and their cArgoes, and not according to the profits which might have been made by the shippers. The indemnity was due only to the ships captured before the notification of the blockade, but none is due to those seized after this notification. An inquiry would put a stop to the English abuse on this subject." 'The Journal des Debats states that M. Guizot me ditates a journey to Geneva, wherta he expects to meet by chance the king of Prussia, who is to arrive at Neufchatel on the 23d inst. • • The Court of Cassation annulled, on the 3d inst., .the decision of the Royal Court of Paris, which con demned the editors of The Temps to 20,000 francs fine, for an informality in the publication of that Journal. The Madrid Gazette of the 28th ult. publishes a notice of the Director-General - of - the Treasury, ad vertising for proposals - for a loan of 40,000,000 reals, to be reimbursed from the proceeds of the quicksilver mines of Almaden. The bidders are iriVitecl to send in their proposals within thirty days, those 40,000,000 to be payable in specie and by monthly instalments, the first of which within the eight days following the ot signature n tlh Treasury o sa suhri theryw ould' oof utelhodef delivertnraa tcito. national at Io T t l u te e, n n ut e rr i y • a a ,c l ) rhs i i r e( e lh e r a t N i uN o ,oo. n uh l of tds Treasury, be payable out of the first proceeds of the quicksilver mines, immediately after the 16,500,000 reels still due thereon shall have been discharged. We have received Lisbon news to the 29th ult., brought by the Montrose steamer. The budget of ways and means, and firia.ncial propOsals of Baron Tojal, empowering the Government to issue bills on the decima and assessed taxes, were before the Cham ber, and had been disputed with such obstinacy that it was thought it would bring about a Ministerial crisis. - The first article had, however, passed by a majority of three to one. The estimates for the year showed a deficit of 1,500 contos. The affair of the slaver Gloria, which entered under the Portuguese flag, and had, since. it was injudiciously given up by the Portuguese Government, got Spanish Papers and hoisted the Spanish flag —seems likely to be a serious cause of quarrel between Spain and Por tugal. The proofs the Portuguese Government have obtained of the illegal character and designs of this vessel, and the defective grounds on. which she was given up, have led them to issue a " Portaria," claratory of their intention of resumina. possession ; but the owner threatened resistance, and hoisted his flag, and the Spanish Minister menaced war if vio lence were used or the flag insulted. • Letters from Berlin of the 28th ult. mention that the King and Queen of Prussia would net he back in their capital before the ISt of October. The marriage of the Prince Royal of Bavaria with the Princess Mary of Prussia is to be celebrated on the 4th October. The Russian Finance Minister has issued an ukase, amounting to a reciprocity navigation treaty between Prussian an d R ussian s hipping, Prussian vessels to enjoy in Russian and Finnish ports the same favour as Russian vessels, the coastingtrade from one Russian port to another excepted. Two more Custom -houses are established at Koretingen and Neustadt, in addi tion to the one already existing at Gorschdowsk. Three more points of transit are moreover established. Passports for three days are to be delivered gratis to such Russians as wish to pass the frontier for trade. Markets on the frontiers are to be established - for agricultural produce and for certain manufactured articles. The duty on many of them is to be dimi nished. This is evidently the price paid by the Russian Government for the renewal of the Cartel Convention. iourizre opirrsoN• The Chronicle thus animadverts on the outrages committed by the police at Kennington, fifteen days after all the mischief had b een done :—" The conduct of the police on Kennington-common was unneces sarily harsh, and, in some cases, individuals passing by accident along the road, or standing at their doors, were ill-used. It might be proper to disperse the meeting at Kennington-common, bet there was no thing in the circumstances of that meeting to call for the display of harshness on the part of the police. We received, at the time, numerous c ommunications on the subject from respectable individuals, who gave their addresses, c o mp l a i n i ng o f t h e police ; but w e did not wish to add to the irritation. In this perhaps we were wrong. The police seem to have been em boldened by the impunity their conduct at Kenning ton-common ha& experienced, an d the transactions disclosed at Clerkenwell on Saturday are really more like what we should expect at Petersburgh than in the metropolis of England. A stop must be put to this, or the utility of the police force will certainly be impaired. They must be protected in the execution of their duty ; lint the br u t a l t r eatment of females can never be tamely contemplated by E n glishmen. The Post has the following remarks on the manner in which the Cathedral service is pe rformed at West minster Abbey. The existing vacancy of th e Deanery of Westmi nster a ff or d s an opportunity for making some improvements which would be very gra tifying to the public, and we trust the opportunity will not be neglected. We should think that every sound Churchman must desire that in so magnificent a church as that of Westminster, the cathedral service should lack none of the solemnity, the -grandeur, and the beauty, which may belong to it, but which has not of late years belonged to the ordinary services in Westminster. We believe there are very few cathe drals in England in which the Sunday services are not generally more solemii and more beautiful than they are in Westminster Abbey. To a casual visitor it really seems that the grand object in the Abbey is to get the, business over as quickly as possible, and to get away. We do not think this can be from any want of ability on the part of the singers, for they sing feel ingly enough at other places, nor from any impa- I tience on the part of the organist, for he is noted as a true lover of good music. But in order that such an establishment as that of Westminster Cathedral should work well it must be presided over by some one whose heart is in the matter, and who will work with earnestness as well as with intelligence to make the most of the means and opportunities at his disposal. We earnestly hope, therefore, that in the selection of the new Dean, care will be taken that lie be a man of cathedral sentiment, so to speak —.a man who will take an honest pride in the perfect per formance of cathedral services, and who will desire to promote the glory of God by the careful manage mi nt of those endowments too scanty though they be—which the cathedral still inherits from the piety of our ancestors. The Herald thus alludes to the present state of par ties in this country :—" Some time ago when foreign affairs were spoken of Englishmen laughed—now every man recognises there to b e o f i mpor t ance ; either Englistnen did not know what was -of import ance then, or mistake what is so now. Now that they are admitted. to be iuiportant, when the necessity is urged of studying them, one of two answers is given. The Tory says, The Duke of - Wellington and Sir Robert Peel must understand these m a tt er s. and why should I attend to them ?' Tbe Liberal replies, ,‘ What use is there in my atteading to them until we have a full, fair, and free representation ?' To the first we answer, 'lf Sir Robert Peel and the Duke of Wellington understand foreign affairs, would they have become , i mportant ?' To the second we reply, , Ifyou nad a full, fair, and• free bu representation it would be. f . - a representation of the ignorance which you confe ss ; One-half of the English nation is ruled by respect for names, whilst, being ignorant of affairs, it . has no means by which to judge of men. The o th er ~ half is running after vain theories of government, w hen, not understanding its affairs, it can have no morei comprehension of what government ought to be than its antagonists can have of what statesmen are. -N . ato only sink when each man is deteriorated, and t h e evidence of their decay is to be found in the existence of faction—faction indi cates the corruption of the heart, as party y does of the intelligence. A ll must be in error when , all are .di vided, and there is no longer a country where citizens hate each other." dinner last week to Mr. Thomas Ensar, at Milborne Port, where they 'presented him with a tea equipage of slivei,' Fa return for the - services he had rendered the glove• trade in general. EC CLIEISIZISTICAL. At Worcester the question of a Church-rate was agitated last Thursday, when, on being brought to the poll, the nuribers were—for the rate 102 ; for ad journment, and against the rate, 108; majority against the rate, 6. COURT CIRCULAR. Barmi de Moncorvo, the Portuguese Minister the Commandeur Marques Lisboa, the Brazilian Minister, and the French Charge d'Affaires, transacted business yesterday at the Foreign-office. The Attorney-General transacted business yester day at the Home-office. His Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury continues in a state of gradual improvement, and we are happy to state was enabled to leave his room yesterday. The Right Hon. Sir Henry Hardinge has arrived in town. Dispatches for the Governor-General of India were sent off from the Board of Control last evening. DEVONPORT. FROM A CORRESPONDENT! MONDAY.—The following Lords, of the Admiralty, accompanied by the Hon. Sidney Herbert (Secretary). arrived here on Saturday night on an official visit to the Dockyard :—The Earl of Haddington, Sir G. Cockburn, and Admiral Sir G. Seymour. A salute of 19 guns was fired at an early hour on Sunday morning. During the forenoon their Lordships visited a part of the grounds of Mount Edgecumbe towards the sea, where the ocean has made some inroads on the land, in consequence it is said of the Breakwater causing a current• to set in on that part of the coast with destructive force ; the Earl of Mount Edge cumbe has applied to the Admiralty . for some protec tive means of defending his beautiful domain against the gradual destruction that must otherwise ensue. Their Lordships attended divine service, in the Dock yard Chapel in the afternnon, and in the evening en tertained the officers in commission and the heads of departments at dinner. They have visited the Dockyard this morning, which presents a busy scene from the preparations for the launch of the Albion, a fine vessel of 98 guns, an event of no small import ance in the port. The formal inspection and muster of the men in the yard, takes place to-morrow, when the Albion'will be launched at five in the afterncon. The official levee of the Earl of Haddington for com missioned officers is fixed for Wednesday next. GROUSE SHOOTING.—The Duke of Cleveland, Lord William Powlet, Lord Bateman, and Sir Benjamin Hall, are enjoying the sport of grouse shooting on his Grace's famous muir .in Aberdeenshire. In the first ten days they bagged 997 k brace, besides hares, of which his Grace killed 333 brace, and Sir J 3. Ha 11398 brace. lIIIGNEY - T ll4-33°-C °rVZIV/ER.CE. At Manchester there was a partial turn-out of dyers on Monday morning , oem and i ng wages, but noting occurred to disturb the general peace. Placards still appear on the walls of the town, which continue to exhibit all ill feeling between the masters and men. Stockport was a little excited on Monday : an at tempt was made to stop one mill, and six or seven persons taken into custod,T. The glove-makers of bomersetsbire gave a public E3IECTXONI7MR.ING. At Belfast a petition has been lodged aosinskthe returns of Mr. Emerson Tennent and Mr. D. R. Ross ; it prays that an opportunity may be afforded of establishing the charges by evidence, in order that Lord Chichester may be seated instead of one of the present Members, and the election of the other be declared void. punLxc znapnovzmENTs. A memorial has been presented to the Commis sioners of Sewers for the City of London, praying that Old Broad-street may be paved with wood. NAVAL AND MILITARY. Two of the Cominissionerships of the Royal Mili tary College are vacant by the deaths of Lord Ed ward Somerset, and Lord Vivian, G.C.B. New barracks are to be erected in Ashton and Bury, by order of the Ordnance Department : the outlay at each place is specified at about 5,0001. Pensions of 801. a year have been conferred by Government on each of the four daughters of the late Colonel Dennie of the 13th Foot, who was killed at Jellalabad, where he commanded the sortie.: LAW AND POLICE. Cappur, a Chartist blacksmith, was examined at Newcastle on Saturday, before the Magistrates, charged with uttering seditious language in Stafford shire on various occasions, and finally committed for trial. James Howell, a gentleman residing at No. 60, Stanhope-street, Morn ington- crescent, was on Monday charged at the Marylebone-oflice for having thrown certain pieces of wood on the line of the London and Birmingham Railway, by which proceeding the lives of the public were endangered. He was fined the full penalty of 101., which was paid. The final examination 0t John Holland, of Wy combe, Bucks, was fixed for hearing on Monday in the Bankruptcy Court, but the assignees not being satis fied, further hearing was adjourned to the 27th inst. The balance-sheet shows the liabilities of the bankrupt to be about 12,0001., and his assets are estimated at 1,000/. John Henry Morgan and Isaac Morgan, his father, were brought up ibr re-examination on onday at Worship-street, on the charge of various forgeries on the Bloomsbury branch of the London and West minster Bank. Other charges have arisen, which have to be produced against them, and they were both re manded for another week. Lz7 - enra.asnr AND scar.ravirxc. Professor Kane, while lecturing at Liverpool, and illustrating the oliphiant gas, inhaled a quantity of it, which gradually changed his countenance as he lec tured, and he finally swooned away. No danger, however, is apprehended. Dr. Lund has lately explored nearly 200 pits in Rio Janeiro, and has collected in them among the mammalia 115 species, though only 88 species now inhabit those regions. The human bones found are petrified, and intersected with particles of iron, and the discoverer considers them, from the peculiar con figuration of the skulls, to have belonged to a very ancient Brazil population, existing at least 3,000 years ago. SPORTING. The Marquis of Waterford has removed his splen did hunting-stud to. Rockwell, where he will enjoy the sport of the ensuing season. C OURT-Tas RIO NABLE• Count and Countess Esterhazy are visiting their re latives, the Prince and Princess Leichtenstein, at Dover. The Solicitor-General left London on Saturday for Ostend. The Duke of Rutland is much indisposed at Lon shaw Lodge. The Earl of Grosvenor will pass the autumn at Mo:combe Park, Dorset. MISCELLJINEOUS. Government has offered a reward of 1001. for the apprehension of Dr. M'Douall, the Chartist lecturer, who, it is said, has since been arrested. MURDER AT QUADRING, NEAR SPALDING, LINCOLNSHIRE. (FROM A CORRESPONDENT.) On Friday morning last the inhabitants of this vil lage were thrown into a state of alarm by the report that Miss Mary Spencer was murdered. The parti culars are as follow :—Mary Spencer kept a day-school in Quadring, and resided in a small cottage left by her father, consisting of two rooms on the ground floor, the smaller room being her.sleeping•room, and the other one the school-room. Three children went as usual on Friday morning at nine o'clock to the deceased's house, and on opening the door saw her lying across a form in the school-room, dressed only in her night-clothes, and a quantity of blood upon the floor; they immediately ran away in terror, and told a neighbour what they had seen. The person on going to the spot saw Mary Spencer lying across a form as described. On Mr. Morris, surgeon, of Gosbertow, being called in, he found a wound from the right ear, under the throat, to the chest, about nine inches in length, and dividing the carotid artery, and pronounced that she must have bled to death. On examining the house, it appeared that a hack window adjoining the bed had been broken open, and that the murderer had made an entrance. It is supposed that the deceased, in attempting to escape, got near the street door, but was pulled back by the monster, and stabbed as de scribed. It is supposed that he was alarmed and then made off. A man named Wm. Howett, a labourer, was apprehended on Friday night on suspicion, under the following singular circumstances. On the day of the discovery Mr. Loughland, a land surveyor, whilst measuring . some land, met a neighbour, and talking about this tragical event, a labourer (the father of Howett), who was sitting by taking some refreshment and listening to the conversation, ex claimed, "I wonder what Bill's 'been up t 9, he was out all night, and came home all over blood." Mr. Loughland immediately informed a constable at Dor nington, who took Howett into custody. The inquest was held at the Red Cow Inn, at Quadring, on Satur day, and was adjourned till Thursday next. No doubt is entertained as to the guilt of the prisoner. We hear that a clasp-knife was found upon him with blood upon it ; he is deaf and dumb, though quite sane, and about 26 years of age. The decea se d was 41 years of age, and - much respected. LLOYD'S SHIPPING. LONDON, SEPT. 6.—Wind this day, W.S.W., fresh. DEAL, SEPT. s.—Arrd. Montrose, Peter, Calcutta, with loss of fore and top masts, left the Cape June 13; Underwood, St. Kitts; Courier, Westward. BRIGHTON, SEPT. 5. Arrd. Agrippina, Rogers, Ceylon, sailed March 26, Cape June 15. PORTSMOUTH, SEPT. 5.-Wind S. to. S.S.E.-Arrd off, Lady of the Lake, Launceston, sailed April 9. FALMOUTH, SEPT. 4.-Wind variable and light.- Arrd. Montrose steamer, Gibraltar, left 25th ult., Cadiz 26th, Lisbon 29th, Oporto and Vigo 31st. OFF THE WIGHT, SEPT. 3.-Marra Albuca, Spittle, Buenos Ayres, for Bremen. BRISTOL, SEPT. 4.-Arrd. St. George, St. Vincent's. OFF ST. ANN'S HEAD, SEPT. 4.-Eliza Ann, Quebec. SWANSEA, SEPT. 4.-Arrd. Mairley, Quebec. CORE, SEPT. 3.-Sd. Richebucto, Quebec. SHIELDS, SEPT. 2.-Arrd. Xenophon, Quebec. OFF WHITEHAVEN, SEPT. 4.-British Queen, Ken nedy, Antigua. OFF DOVER, SEPT. 2.-Colchester, Withers, Bombay; Henry Tanner, Bisset, Jamaica. LIVERPOOL, SEPT. 5.-Wind South er ly, var i a bl e an d light.-Arrd. Coaxer, Ridley, Calcutta •, Independence, Quebec. Sid. Matilda, Cape ; Swift, Ceylon ; Circassian, Valparaiso ; Darby and Ivo, Rio ; Colonist, Antigua. HULL, S 3.-Sid. Perthshire, St. John's, N. B. .AnEni) 4.N, SEPT. 3.--Sid. Pacific, Quebec. VEs : 7 % ' EN WITH.-Campbell, London to Bar- Woes, at.. 8, lon.lo, by the Flying Fish, arrd. at Cork, Eldon, Bristol to:Quebec, 24th ult., lat. 49, lon. 14, by the Lilford, arrived at Liverpool. Emelie Celestina, St. Petersburgh to New 'York, July 31, lat. 46, lon. 48 ; Queen, London to Quebec, Ist ult., lat. 47, ion. 46, by the Wear, arrived at Stockton. East London, bound to Bombay, by the Emily, arrived at Madras. Robert In gram, June 23, by the Countess of Durham, arrived at Madras. Princess Victoria, Liverpool to Rio, 29th ult., lat. 49, lon. 11, by the Zephyr, arrived in the Clyde. Wave, Hull to Rio, 22d, lat. 13, lon. 47, by the Robert Stride, arrived in the Clyde. Queen of England, London to Calcutta, July 22, lat. 13 N., lon. 25 W. ; Hero, Bel fast to Pictou, 9th inst., lat. 46, lon. 13 ; Saute r Johnny, for Montreal, 28th, lat. 48„ lon. 21, by the Standard, ar rived at Liverpool. H.M.S Hawk, 28th inst., lat. 50, ion. 17, by the William IV., arrived at Plymouth. Jo hannna, for Monte Video, July 7, lat. 16 N., lon. 18 W.; Osborne, London to Cape Coast Castle, 15th, lat. 16, lon. 21 • Wilkinson, Whitehaven to Bermud a , 11 t h u l t ., l at. 37;10n. 35 ; Wilhehnina, Newcastle to Rio, 24th, lat. 46, lon 13, by the Bruin, arrived at Falmouth. William Carey, Calcutta to London, 22d, lat 43, lon. 16, by the Esk, arrived at Falmouth. BOULOGNE HARBOUR.—We understand it is defi nitively settled that our jetties are to advance Aix hun dred yards farther into the sea, so that vessels drawing twelve feet water will be enabled to enter them at all hours of the day and night. When they will be com menced is one question—abut, when finished is another. Our English readers must not imagine that we —no, not we, but the ponts-et-chttussecs, have yet learned to go :wed by steam, as our unfortunate harbour too plainly demonstrates.—Boulogne Gazette. FUNERAL or DR. IRELAND.—The mortal remains of the late Venerable Dean' of Westminster will be in terred within the walls of Westminster Abbey, to morrow, (Thursday), immediately after the mornin g service. The funeral will be what is termed a " Choir Funeral," the venerable dignitary having died at his re sidence in the Cloisters. It is expected that a great number of the clergy will attend the last obsequies of this lamented dignitary of the Church, MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS. CITY, TUESDAY EVENING. As was anticipated, a further advance in the prices of our funds has taken place this afternoon. The expansion of the currency necessary for the payment of July dividends not having been absorbed by com merce, and the certainty that in less than four weeks a similar amount willibe thrown on the market, con sequent on the payment of those due in October, will still further increase the glut which has led to this result. Much regret has been felt among respectable dealers, that undue efforts to depress prices should continue to be made by certain parties, who form almost a complete circle among the principal capitalists of Eu rope. By a peculiar method these were made to be a profit to the parties when they had a large sum of capital, surreptitiously obtained, wherewith to gamble in foreign bonds. Such dealings, from the beginning, were repudiated by legitimate jobbers, but now it is thought that the integrity of the Stock Exchange is greatly compromised by introducing these auxiliaries to speculation in it. Consols left of at 93 93i for Money, and 931 buyers for the Account; India Stock, 249 . 251 ; Exchequer Bills, Old, 51 53 ; New, 49 51 premium. : The prices of Foreign Securities were—Belgian, 1014- 102 ; Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents., 52h -52+; the Five Cents., 102 102 i ; Danish, 83i 84i; and Brazilian, 66 67. The quotation of Mexican rose to 36 361. The prices of Shares were—London and Bir mingham, 184 186 ; Birmingham and Gloucester, 41 43 ; Great Western, 834. 84i ' • the Half Shares, 601 601 ; South Western, 59 . 60 ; North Midland, 56 58; the New Shares, 27-4- 28*; South Eastern and Dover, 22+ 224 ; Eastern Counties, 84 9 ; Northern and Eastern , 37i ; Black wall, 71 7; ; and Brighton, 331 3. The amount of business in the Foreign Exchanges was small. The quotations were—Antwerp, 12 4k- ; Amsterdam, 12 54, 12 6; Rotterdam, 12 6, 12 61 ; Hamburgh, 13;11i, 13 12; Frankfort, 1504 151 ; Paris, 25f.' 75c., '2sf. 80c. ; Vienna, 9 56, 957 ; Lisbon, 30 20, 30 24 ; and Madrid, 36*. The quotations of the Bonds were—Peruvian, 15 16 ; Colombian, 204 21; Portuguese Five per Cents., 35+ 35+ ; the Three per Cents., 21 21i; Spanish Five per Cents. Mk 161; the Three per Cents., 21i 21+. The publication of a clause in the new Bankrupt Act, which will shortly come into operation, has caused some uneasiness among the dealers in these documents. This Act will reach most of the parties usually engaged in time bargains ; and the clause particularly alluded to provides, that all certificates shall be void if the bankrupt, "in any gaming, or wagering 201., or within one year next preceding his bankruptcy has lost 2001. by any con tract for the purchase or sale of any Government or other Stock, where such contract was not performed within one week after the contract, or where the Stock bought or sold was not actually transferred or delivered in pursuance of such contract. A more com plete death blow to time bargains can scarcely be conceived. (From The Sun of Last Night.) The advance which took place yesterday in the prices of funds, has been fully maintained to-day, al though jobbers have considerably curtailed their ope rations—Consols are 92* 93* for Money, and 93* 93+ for the Account. New Three-and-a-half per Cents. 1011; India Stock, 249 250 ; Exchequer Bills Old, 51 53; New, 49 51 prem. Business in Foreign Securities has been limited, but prices are firm. The transactions have been chiefly in Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents. 521; the New Five per Cent. Loan at 100* ; and the Danish at 83*. A further rise has to be noted in the quotation for i Mexican Bonds, which has been as high as 35i-, with the prospect of going still higher: The purchases in Shares have been but small, and consist of London and Birmingham, Quarter Shares, 481; South Western, 594 ; Brighton, 33:- ; Great North of England, 844 ; Edinburgh and Glasgow, 49. Time bargains have been made in Portuguese Five per Cents. at 35 ; Spanish Five per Cent. Bonds, 161, and the Three per Cent. Stock, 21*. The deficiency in the income of Portugal according to the budget just presented to the Cortes, is far greater than had been anticipated, and has caused much disinclination to deal in the bonds. As is usual with all these countries, the interest upon the foreign debt is the last thing to be cared for, and it would appear that the creditors have but a small chance of obtaining any portion of their claims. The Finance Minister of Spain is also,. it is said, en deavouring to raise money on the mortgage of the reversion of the Almaden mines, which some years since were appropriated to pay off the bond holders ; yet in the face of these facts it is being endeavoured to persuade the public into the purchase of these documents, in the expectation that they will be paid. MANCHESTER STOCK EXCHANGE, SEPT. s.—We cannot report any improvement in our Market. Man chester and Birmingham, 23 to 24 ; Edinburgh and Glasgow, 48+ to 481 ; Ditto Quarters, 5+ to s*; Manchester and Leeds, 73 to 75 ; Ditto Quarters, 4 to 4+; Bristol and Exeter, 44* to 46i ; Manchester and Salford Banks, 10+ to 101; Manchester Assur ance, 91 to 9:i. CLOSING PRICES. BRITISH FUNDS. Bank Stock 3 per Cent. Red. ....,... 931 3 per Cent. Cone 02 3i per Cent. Red... 1014 New 3i per Cent... ...... 1016 NQw 5 per Cen' Long Annuities to expire Jan. 1860 Oct. 1859 Jan. 1860 India Stock 251 pm Ditto Bonds Ditto Old Annuities ... Ditto New Annuities... Ex. Bills, 1,6001—.21' pm Ditto 5001— . pm Ditto Small ...... 49 pm Bank Stock for Acct.... India Stock for Acct... FOREIG Austrian, 5 per cent 112 Belgian, 5 per cent — Brazilian Bonds — !Consols for Acct. kr FUNDS. Portuguese, 5 per cent. Ditto, New Ditto Prussian,p per cent. _77 BuenosAyres6 per cent. 6 per cent. Colombian, 6 per cent Ditto, 1824 9 0 3- _ Russian, 5 pei cent....,. 112 Ditto, Metallic - . Spanish, 5 per cent.,.... 161 Ditto, Deferred .. Danish, 3 per cent B3i French, 5 per cent. —f. —c. Greek, 1825, 5 per cent — Exchange Mexican, 5 per cent 36 , French, 3 per cent. --f. —e. Ditto, 6 per cent. 1637 Illutch, 2i per cent 52 Peruvian,lB2s,6 per ct. !Ditto, 5 per cent. .. ... 102 k SHARES. Edinburgh and Glasgow (50 paid) .....• ~... 49 Great Western Railway (65 paid) 844 Ditto New Shares ( 50 paid) 6li Ditto Fifth (4 paid) London and Brighton (50 paid) 33/1 Ditto Loan Notes (10 paid) London and Blackwall ( paid) 7i London and Birmingham (90) ...... ........ Ditto Quarter Shares (25 paid) London and South Western (4116 s 10d pd) 591- Manchester and Leeds (70 paid) Ditto New Shares (30 paid) Manchester and Birmingham (40 paid) 23i North Midland Railway (100) Ditto Thirds (211. 13s. 4d. paid) lBi South Eastern and Dover (50 paid)... 24 Ditto Scrip (10 paid) COURSE OF EXCHANGE—(YESTERDAY. 1 Amsterdam CF. 12 9 ',Gibraltar ... . Ditto, at sight ......... Rotterdam ...2 U. 12 9i Genoa Antwerp l2 8 IMilan Hamburgh M.B. 13 15 I Venice 47 Altona Paris, 3 days' sight ... 25 65 P a l ermo , per oz 120 Ditto, 3 months 25 90 ,Lisbon Marseilles Bourdeaux 25 95 Rio Janeiro 2.3i Frankfort on Maine... 1511 !Bahia Petersburgh, 3Us ... 36i Buenos Ayres Berlin .... . Vienna, effec. fl. 3 M 959 !Philadelphia 46 ... . _ _ Trieste, ditto lO Madrid PRICES OF BULLION, PER OZ. Foreign Gold, bars £3 17 9 Cadiz Bilbao .. 36 Barcelona Portugal G.ld Coln 3 17 5 New Doubloons 0 0 0 New Dollars. 0 4 10 Seville Silver in Bars... ..... 0 4 Ili KOHL'S RUSSIA AND THE RUSSIANS.--Of all the works we have had on Russia, this volume of Mr. Kohl's must be considered at once the most amusing and the most trustworthy. The Quarterly Review, in an ela borate notice, has truly characterised this attractive pro duction in the following terms :—" If some writers (says the Reviewer), from the minute accuracy of their details, have been likened to such painters as Mieris, Jan Steen, &c., Mr. Khol's work is nothing less than the Daguerreotype itself. He has given us St. Petersburgh, by winter and by summer, by day and by night, with its Neva, canals, quays, markets, shops, and houses, each swarming with its respective population, not stifly drawn as if sitting for their picture, but caught in full life and movement, song, laugh and talk—hit off in every shade and grade of mind, habit, speech, and cos tume—under every aspect of feasting and fasting, buying and selling, driving and walking, idling and working, teaching and learning, baptising, marrying, and burying, and all with a truth and vivacity which it would be im possible to surpass. It affords us the greatest satisfaction to be enabled to announce that her Majesty has been `Thomas mostgr Wilsonaciously pleased to appoint General Sir Robe rt to be Governor of, and Major-General upon the staff at, Gibraltar, in succession to Sir Alexander Woodford, whose term of service has expired. INDIA.—The Government of India have lately sen t en officer, Lieutenant Macpherson, to observe Someprac tices of the ..Khouds,"a race occupyi ng the mountainous region of the Gangam and Cattack districts. They wor ship the " Bera Pennoo," or Earth-god, and believe that the earth was uncultivated and unstable till this deity ordered human blood to be spilledbefore hi m , on w hi c h it beCame firm and productive. Under this creed, the Khoud thinks that every field must be enriched with human blood, both at sowing and harvest, and Hindoo victims are yearly purchased for this express immola tion. They are torn to pieces, while living, by the crowd, and their blood sprinkled about. Th e Govern ment considers it se lf morally bound to stop these pro ceedings, but milit ary occupation of the country is almost impossible. OBJPCT lONABLE COMPLIMENTS.—The Worcester Herald says— " Som e of our assessors have been rather sportive in th e i r duties of distrib u ti ng th e sc hedules (de livered only on Tuesday last), handing them in to the parties with the accompaniment of Sir Robert Peel's compliments.'' ADDRESS FROM THE MUNICIPAL ELECTORS OF THE BOROUGH OF DERBY, TO THE AUTHORITIES OF THE TOWN. Gentlemen,—We, the undersigned, Municipal Elec tors of the Borough of Derby, respectfully request your attention—First, to a statement of the facts con nected with the suppression of Mr. Vincent's lecture, advertised to be delivered at the Theatre, on Thurs day evening last ; and Secondly, to a calm and candid expression of our opinion, upon the conduct pursued by a part of the Magistracy upon that occasion. On Wednesday, August 31, Mr. Vincent's friends received notice of his intention to give a lecture a t Derby, on the evening of Thursday, Sept. 1, upon " the present state of the country, and the necessity and safety of extending political power to all classes of the people." They immediately engaged the Theatre for the purpose, and issued placards announcing the particulars. Various attempts were made to prevent the spread of the information--shops were entered, and the placards requested from the windows, and, during the night, the whole of those posted upon the wails were torn down. The next morning, h,,wever, more bills were printed and circulated. In the course of the day, a private meeting of a part of the Magis trates was held—the lessor of the Theatre sent for, and warned, that by letting the building for any such purpose, he would become liable to a beavy_penalty. The result was that he withdrew his permiion. A compromise was however subsequently effected—the doors of the Theatre were opened, and the parties were put in possession. The acting Magistrates hearing of this, sent down a posse of constables, who by sheer intimidation, induced the lessor to authorise them to eject the persons then in possession, and the Theatre was thus finally closed against them. To exemplify the spirit actuating the prime movers of this proceeding, it may be as we ll to ment i on t h at one of the Magistrates, under whose authority these scenes were enacted, was ca ll e d upon by a party, who believed that a clear statement of the case would remove all fear, and this Magistrate re fused to hold any communication with the individual, and repeatedly stated that he would hear no explana tion whatever. We fearlessly assert, that all the circumstances of the case prove, that there was not the remotest pro bability of any breach of public order. The Complete Suffrage Union, with which Mr. Vincent is identified, is peculiarly characterised by its pacific principles. Its leader, Joseph Sturge, is a man of peace—the constitution of the Union particularly inculcates the use of none but moral means, and, above all, the Tory press has openly expressed its dread of the movement, in consequence of its peaceful character. But Mr. Vincent's reputation needs no extrinsic support. He has already lectured to a crowded au dience in the Derby Mechanics' Hall. All who heard him will bear testimony to his uncompromising con demnation of riotous proceedings, and his powerful advocacy of a peaceful expression of opinion. Many gentlemen of high respectability were present, and expressed their approbation of his sentiments. And if this is not enough, we may point to the startling result of the Ipswich Election, as an incontestible proof of the high estimation in which he is held. In addition to these facts it must be borne in mind that for more than a week previous to the proposed lecture, the town had not exhibited the least symptom of excitement. And finally, let it be remembered, that the placard earnestly requested the attendance of the middle classes, and that this fact alone was an ample guarantee for the peaceful intentions of the assembly. 'We think, therefore, that the case clearly resolves itself into an attempt to deprive us of the right of publicly expressing our opinions. We conceive such an attempt to be an invasion of the liberty of the sub ject—an invasion sanctioned neither by the laws of the land, nor the laws of equity; and a direct violation of one of the most important privileges granted by the British Constitution. We cannot discover upon what principle we are to concede to any individuals the right to dictate to the people what tley shall say, and what they shall not say. We do not sae the propriety of giving to any individuals the power of defining sedition, and vesting in the same parties the office of punishing it. This is neither more nor less than the prerogative claimed by the veriest tyrant that ever breathed. And if the door is once opened to such an interference, every opposition to the Government may be construed into sedition, and we may bid adieu to our political freedom. It is our conviction, that by the exercise of this arbitrary power, the authorities are not only in fringing the rights of the people, and acting contrary to all sound principle, but that they are inadvertently adopting the most effective means of breaking that peace which it is their office to preserve. They may be assured, that a stoppage of the lawful expression of public opinion will ultimately induce its unlawful expression, in some way far stronger and mor e dan gerous.. lxperience lias ever shown that when free discussion—the great safety-valve of society—is put down, the pent-up feelings of the multitude will gra dually increase in intensity, until they find vent in some dreadful outburst of popular indignation. We therefore, the undeisigned Municipal Electors of the Borough of Derby, feeling the necessity of re sisting this encroachment upon our political rights, respectfully enter our protest against this unjust ex ercise of Magisterial authority, and at the same time express our firm determination to use all lawful and peaceable means to oppose this infringement. And in conclusion, we earnestly call upon all the - Libel :Magistrates of the town to stand by us in the im pending struggle, and zealously to co-operate with us in the maintenance "of our constitutional privileges. Derby, September 2, 1842. STEAM-BOAT TOUTERS. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SILV. SIR, similar case, in some respects, to that de tailed in your journal of Saturday last, in the Man sion-house report, occurred to me recently. Having occasion, on the morning of the 4th instant, to proceed tp Woolwich I went to the Old Shades, at London bridge, and finding the Waterman, No. 5, at the pier, I was going on board, when I was forcibly detained by one of the hands (the Captain, I believe) of the Locomotive, No. 1, who, on my remonstrating with him on the absurdity of his conduct, abused me in the most unqualified manner during the greater part of the half hour I was obliged to wait for another boat. The motive, of course, was to induce me to go by the Locomotive, instead of the Waterman. Had the conductor of an omnibus acted in this way, he would have been liable to a fine; and I think it h highly necessary that some measure should be taken by the Legislature for the protection of the public from this touting nuisance.-1 remain, &c., 6, York-road,Lambeth. J. IL S.ANbERSON. AFRICANS IN ST. HELENA. MAY 31.—Since my last communication two more ships, the Egyptian and the West Indian, have made their appearance here, with instructions to the Go vernor to receive a portion of the liberated Africans for emigration to Jamaica and Demerara. Those vessels which had previously arrived have now re ceived their proper complement of negroes, but not without considerable persuasion and a little chicanery having been used to induce them to embark- They are perfectly healthy, and those who have emerged from childhood promise fairly to become good and useful labourers. Some of them, however, are exceed ingly lazy, and will require to be treated with a little salutary severity before their indolent habits can be thoroughly removed. The unrestricted liberty, un varying idleness, and good feeding which they have been indulged with since their arr ival in this island have contributed in agreat measure to increase their natural disposition for a life of inactivity. The law, with, in my opinion, a degree of mistaken strictness, will not per mit any of their employers or masters to have recourse to that correction which would be winked at to the par y e e n n g t t s h ; o a f n t d i m t e h oosne the f s h l e a n n d e g h r a o N e . e s and they of course avail them children of white w di h se o o h ve a r v e e d b t e h e i n s a f n acyt, ' selves of all the advantages which it affords them. So leniently and humanely are they treated that if one of those employed by the inhabitants happen to have a quarrel with his master he immediately betakes him self from his service, returns to either of the negro s tations, where he is received without a single inquiry into his conduct, and the usual allowance of provi sions supplied to him as if he had a claim to it by industrious labour. The result of this system will be, that few of them will either emigrate to other colonies or work where they are, and the nation will thus be taxed to the annual tune of 25,0001. (as it at present is) for the support of a set of lazy fellows, who refuse to contribute to their own maintenance. If this island be continued as a depot for such characters, and our ships of war have any suc cess on the coast of Africa, the expenditure will be considerably increased, for provisions here are at all times scarce, and consequently enormously dear. During one quarter the negroes were supplied by contract with 1,000 quarts of soup thrice a week, which amounted to the same number of shillings for each day. In other matters the expense is equally great ; so much so, indeed, that fresh beef (which they get twice a week) rates at Is. per pound. They are also supplied with tea, coffee, sugar, rice, &c.; so that, as far as diet is concerned, they have no reason -to complain, and it is not to he supposed that they will willingly change their present comfortable con dition for a life of servitude on the sugar or coffee plantations of our West Indian possessions, and with certainly not better treatment in the quantity an d quality of provisions —to say nothing of the import ant difference in the salubrity of the climate. If it be the intention of the authorities concerned in this matter to continue the present state of things, it would be highly advisable for them to select another depot, for of all the colonies in our vast possessions, there is none niore expensive than St. Helena. SALMON AT THREE-PENCE PER POUND.—A great quantity of salmon and grilse have been taken at New port, Pembrokeshire, this year, indeed, much more than for the last ten ,years. The selling price is three pence ler row-pl.—Pcts/man.