The Sun. — London, England, 1855-07-06 00:00:00

spiditj (a' e of defe° 7 ;onesßeer'l elf, : the are a our every 1 3° . , ar, lent of n ded by e ntrance pt the r of the e Gene daring t those /10 t h e CO ;ten Saco • valiantly t raus horn the• Jg the P; ilOff Major' Bri a ' 01) Maie r ' 1 MaleisV, o f the the assa ° 0 and ,rns, bo d 1 19t opol 01 ! stingt o.l3 r , e ff, of 0 1 3f a jor lky, o f till ly) ; Ida . of 01 ns were e ; usketrY,, which too!, Le Cota i is a Pr ° ',, , Table V e j carry tb to burl pled el t nine ts, repe l Led theo l is still ri c aesp -0 the mrred 0 #.4 the Co' ult., _ . ,cl GeneivA bombs forolef' ge &D e nore the es,r 4 FAc' ffas proP& ,g the bat 1 )my, . worn 3fi t It 1 48 ,:e ere 1 13 tith saW ' 0 eror •4.l_eisd 0- ntaci J. l ' po inted if its de ,i Le stroye d b ey n (the t ' c was Sept e Balt ic " A . the ug u.,1 311 ,0 ;ho and tm - o f .tteriesi, after , e i rards tP e d, consi ' o 5At and f' In tbe , s the e pa ) 110tk7 I ' b 0 the e d on the - v , 11 g tali A changed .ly r ec°l ; ter o also • vreflr; h e broug ht; fiber rod' is resigl s notr°,,, as follo r last 9' o , e xtirpA ) Gover r il sr loopl.° c o so 'ement tt: 3 i n 03:) , wi t hos 0 , ad say 11 t h e ent of ", t 0 3ed to su-o, o • f tbe efr ri , le Ana ° e l up as! )(I • tb e ' r ii u r;de t (1 . 1 your led, -L 10 ; i6 f . , ; itionea Nilsje° o ;" e to r° „ r t of to I!" of t" e ea are I l l; my SS o? r e g 9 all feel or , can c°23 .9 &c , 0, DAV 10013, ;e 9 4 4 TriVedlY„ 1 0p10 ; f ViCOP 100 Alt" =BAD / uritiuy :cl-1 18 4 1 P psichoh -, fe -Soso' fro, me vow? f r olOg ki of Mir to thil l od, larqUek yr 6ky, porn 'ol y atli be! • ./ 11// ti ef it Also io isi dl v woug m v) BrievwjP 4 )en nit' or • who, APO. ) 10.1 6 t)' 0 . 29 " A e i v °fl I q v ue), ,t, CAIeuSIF )th 0 11 1 ,ere 00 A . left veo r n t wr i llY r o o t g a b i e e r o f tfl r fleet, b 0 40 :1 e! as g iso 0 h i d e i 94:1 f r° has r ° l3 l° esseP ° 4 th ib c ol a , r l t, e e4 g is • 11. lee 31 ONEY MARKET AND COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. CITY, Two o'CLocK. The Cotton Market at Liverpool yesterday closed heavily, with much evenness in prices. The sales were estimated at 5,000 bales (500 of which were for export, and 500 on speculation), com prising 300 Pernam and Maranham at bid. to 70., 50 Bahia at 6:d, and 800 Surat at 4±d. to 5, d. per lb. The Railway Share Market was ex cessively dull, closing at a reduction upon the opening prices. The public sales of Colonial wool began last even. ing, no less than 72,000 bales being advertised, in cluding the foreign. The biddings have been brisk, and the attendance numerous, including many foreigners. For colonial produce this week there has been a fair demand, and'full rates have been current for most staples. Sugar has been taken freely and re fining sorts are 6d. per cwt. dearer. Coffee at pre vious rates has been inquired for. Rather more has been done in lice, and the market has ruled firm. Rum has been quiet. Spices have obtained a slight advance generally. Saltpetre has been in improved request at full values. Cochineal is steady. Cotton has been dull, and tallow firmer. Messrs. D. Bell, Son, and Co. report that in the market for American Securities there is no parti cular change to notice. The supply of State stocks continues limited, and not equal to the demand— a circumstance much in favour of the various rail way securities, in which there is a good business doing, with every appearance of a continuance Redeemable. Per Cent. United States 6 per Cent. Bonds 1868...105 107 United States 6 per Cent. Inscribed Stock 1867-1868...105 106 New York State 5 per Cent. Inscribed Stock lB5B-1860... 90 92 Pennsylvania 5 per Cent. Inscribed Stock ... 77 78 Pennsylvania 5 per Cent. Bonds 1877... 85 86 Massachusetts 5 per Cent. (Sterl. Bonds) 1868...103 105 Maryland 5 per Cent. (Sterling Bonds) ... 91 92 Virginia 5 per Cent. (Sterling Bonds) 1888... 85 Virginia 6 per Cent. Bonds 1886... 89 90 Canada 6 per Cent. (Sterling Bonds) 1876_111 112 LOANS OF CITIES. Montreal 6p. Cent. Ster. 80nd5...1857-1865... 83 85 RAILROAD BONDS. Illinois Central 7 per Cent. Bonds 1875... 74i 75i Illinois Central 7 per Cent. Freeland Bonds 1860... 75 77 Ardehigan Central 8 per Cent. Bonds Panama 7 per Cent., Ist Mortgage (Ster ling Bonds) 1859... 92 93 Panama 7 per Cent. Bonds 1864... 93 Pennsylvania Central 6 p. Cent. Mortgage Bonds 1880... 91 92 New York and E;ie 7 per Cent. Ist Mort- gag© IBC6-1860...101 102 Now York and Erie 7 p. Cent., 2d Mort . _ gage, Convertible 1859... 00 02 New York and Erie 7 per Cent. 3d Mort gage, Convertible 1883... 87 88 N. York and Erie 7p. Cent. Convertibl e 1862... 80 81 N. York and Erie 7 per Cent. Sinking Fund 1875... 831 84i The bill for limiting the liability of shareholders in joint stock companies has been amended by the insertion of a clause which provides that compa nies already existing and not working under the 7th and Bth Vict., cap. 110, may enjoy the privi leges of the new law upon paying up 75 per cent. of their capital, and satisfying the Board of Trade that the registrar may certify. This seems ; 10 concession to such com p an i es , cons id er i ng t hat undertakings formed only after the act need Pay up but 20 per cent. The Government has paid 310 attention either to the reduction of the capital, but when the bill comes on in the Commons next Monday two amendments will be proposed —one by Mr. Wilkinson, to lower the capital of companies entitled to limited liability to 10,0001. in 101. shares ; and the other by Lord Goderich, to have no limitation of the nominal capital or shares. We have before expressed our opinion that 10,0001. or 20,0001. fully paid up in 11. shares, or even half paid up, is as much entitled to protection as 20,0001. raised in 51. shares, and nothing has been urged to alter that view. The great aim should be to establish a thorough super vision of public companies ; and it would be a good opportunity to enact that all undertakings claiming limited liability, should submit their books and accounts periodically to a Government or official auditor. The James Booth, from Australia, brings 16,000/. in gold. Nearly all the gold brought in from America and Victoria during the last few days has been taken for shipment to the Continent. The Tagus, from the Mediterranean, has about 7,000/. on board. The English Stock Market went flatter yester day afternoon before the close, and opened with ratherather a heavy appearance this morning, Consols r a heavy appearance this morning, Consols uesng 91i to 91k. They are n ow , h owever , b uyers at the highest of these rates. There is a re- Port that the taking of the French loan will be deferred for a short time, to allow of su ccesses in the Crimea, and, as m en ti one d yes terday under this head, it is supposed from the notice in the Moniteur that the parties will not be allowed to pay up in anticipation, about thirty millions of stock being created monthly. The .rresse has a very exaggerated statement—viz., that a London banking-house opened a subscription for the French loan, and had applications the first day to the amount of 500,000,000 francs. The Two penny Exchequer Bills are at 225. prem. The New Annuity is at 16 15-16. Bank Stock has risen per Cent. again, being 2111 to 213. East India Sto c k has been quoted 230. In the Foreign Securities there have not been many transactions. Turkish Bonds have been a shade higher, being 81i to 82. Russian 41 per Cents. are barely so high, 88i to 89f ex div. Sardinian Bonds have been supported at 86. Belgian 41 per Cents. have been quoted 931, and Dutch 2i per Cents. 63. The following are the nominal prices of foreign stocks :—Grenada Deferred Bonds, 61 to 7; Mexi (4ll, 21- to 214 ; Peruvian, 69 to 71; ditto Three ?sr Cents., 49 to 51 ; Portuguese Four per Cents., 4 2 to 44 ; Russian Five per Cents., 98 to 100 ; ditto Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 88 to 90 ; Spanish New Deferred, 18 to 18 ; ; ditto 3 per Cents., 36 to 371 3 • ditto Certificates, 4 to 41 ; ditto Passive, 4 to 41. Railway Shares have been rather flat again, but the sales have been very limited. London and North-Western have declined, and Midland, Great Western , and Lancashire and Yorkshire have b een t heavy. The Great Western of Canada Shar es h ave been dull. Sambre and Meuse are a shade firmer. The only bargain reported in the Foreign Mining Market is in Colonial Gold Shares at :1 to ft The J oint-Stock Bank Shares are at nominal values. Canada Government 6 per Cents. are supported. Oriental Gas are firm. ItITISH FUNDS THIS DAY.-CLOSING PRICES. (carom the Onicial List.) Business done I lia* Stock .... 3 Per Cent. Red uce d A nnu iti es 92 1 & 28 i tPer Cont. Consols A nnu iti es 9lB a i i cx di v err 3 per Cent. Annuities .... 924 i N ew 21 per Cent. Annuities l 'Ong annuities, Expire sth Jan., 1860 Ditto 30 Years, Expire sth Jan., 1860 3 11-16 Ditto 30 Years, Expire sth April, 1883 16 15-16 i India Stock Consols for Account, 10th July 9lB f a i -Exchequer Bills, 24(i 2d. £lOOO ... .... ..„ 26 22 22 19 £5OO Small . — i gach equer B on d s 1858, 3i per Cent.... 101 1001 Ditto 1859, ~ , PRICE OF FOREIGN FUNDS T 881 9.1 HIS OA Y. Kussian Bonds, 4i per Cent Sardinian Bonds, 5 per Cent. BPanish Bonds, 3 per Cent 361 x d Ditto New Deferred, 3 per Cent. Turlcish Bonds, 6 per cent — Ditto for the Account ,_ Dividend.. on tbo above payable in London. le 'glan Bonds, 2? per Cent. ex. 25 fr — ,„ Ditto 4i per Cent. Ex. 25 fr 93,i - ` l4 tch Xxchange, '46 per Cent. 12 Gail Ditto 4 per Cent. Cartifieates ..„. w 951 5 THREE O'CLOCK. Consols Ditto for the Account A- letter from Berlin of the Ist inst. says :—" The P r opositions which Austria is to make to the Diet have arrived here, and have been communicated to the Presi :lent of the Council by Count , d'Esterhazy. We hear I° o l good authority that these propositions consist in iuernanding from the German States to maintain the 11. " 1 " points in the Eastern question, and, as was previ -04,0813' rumoured, to take a part of the expenses which tr'ieao,?eupation of the Principalities has entailed on Ans i/Luna/NG WORKS, &c., BILL.—A few days ago we gave an abstract of the report of Mr. Tremenheere, the teen bl eaching works, &c., commissioner. A bill h as s i nce "tien int ro d uced by Mr. Isaac Butt, Lord J. M anners, t he Lord Goderich, and Mr. Crook, to regulate the em- P b loYm , ent of w omen an d young pers ons und er 18 in l e • aeuing finishing , and dyeing works. It enacts that af ter the let of Feb.' next no child shall be employed in Persoany bleaching work, and that no woman or y. b ou.neg Per son shall b e employed in any bleaching work - n G a.m. or after 6 p.m. , with an interval between those hours of half an hour for breakfast and one hour for dinner. On Saturdays work is to cease at Lwe o'clock p.m. Penalties of 101. are annexed to the cbear ontravention of this act, and justices are authorised to Wcomplaints. The inspectors of factories are to be s t pectors for th e purposes of this act ; they are armed t e h variou s powers, and they will institute proceedings wti necessary. Parents of young persons employed Inuat give certificates of age. If in any bleaching works, otill n any day except Saturday, two hours shall be allowed ameals, then it will be lawful to work the employes sp ec i al f- „P a 'st 6 P.m. After-work is lawful in cases of bat , e - - " es aitY, as in the case of out-door bleaching, to 10 clo uts inmuch cases, the hours of work are limited 431ra day, and 60 hours par week. _ _ _ 812 e St. St. 10 St. 25 10 5 20 18 20 20 20 20 100 5 5 5 20 SHARE MARKETS (THIS DAY.) RAILWAYS. cloging Price this day. Business dons this day. RAILWAIte. Paid. Aberdeen Nottng. Bost. and Eastn. Junet BelflLat & Ballymena Birming. Wolc Stour Valley Birk,Ahd. Lancet. & Cheshire Junct Do. Chesh. & Birk., £5O and £25 Cone. Do., ...... Blyth 8; Tynt origina - £25 (issd. at £45,, Biistol and Exeter Caledonian. Carmarthen and Car digan Chester ez Holyhead Cork and Bandon Cork, Black, & Pass Cornwall Ci -ff Junction Du &BelfastJunc Dundee Perth &Aber Been Junction Do. N ,, v East Axelian Eastern Counties Eastern Union, A Stock .. Do., B, Do., New A East Lancashire all all LOO 100 100 1)0 100 ,too 1061 47a tg all Edinbargh& Glasgow Edinb. and Peebles Edin. Frit & Dundee Forth & Clyde Jn , Furness. Do. Extension Glasgow & S. Wester] Great Northern Do., A. Stock Do., B. Stock Gt. Sth. &West.(lre ) Great Western Do. Stour Val, Rail Gna. Stk Irish South-Eastern. Lancaster & Carlisle Do., Thirds . Do. New Thirds LAnee.sh.andYorksh D 3., Wst. Riding Un. Liv.Crsby.&Southpt London & Blackwal Lend. Bright & S.Cst. Loud. and N. Westn. Do. Fifths Do.lol. 5h.,M&8...0 Do. Eighths London andS. Westn Do., £5O Do., £4O. Lndndrry& Coleraine Lndudrry. & Ennisk. Nranch.Shef.k Linde Do. Shares, No. 1 Do., Man. & Lin. Un Midland Do. Birmng. & Derby Midi& G. West. (Ire.) Do. Half Shares Newcastle & Carlisle Nwpt.Aberg. &Hrfd Newry & Enniskillen' Newry Warrenpoint and Rostrovor. . Norfolk Northn.Connties Un North British North Devon, No. 1 Do., No. 2 Do., A A Deferred Do., B Guaranteed N. Eastern—Berwick Do. do. Extension Do.do. G.N.E. Purch Do. Leeds Do. York North London Do. Now £lO 'N.ST,S.Wstrn.,Hamp stead, and City Jn.. ,North Staffordshire.. PZlortli Western., ..... N. & S. Westrn. Junc Nuneaton, Hinckley, and Leicester Oxford, Worcester, & Wolverhampton Portsmouth Ses,.idsh Central Scottish Midland Shropshire Union South Devon IScrath Eastern South Wales S. Yrksh. do Riv. Dur Do Staines,Wolc. &Wok Stockton 8t Dull% Stc yktou Taff Vale Do. £lO shares Do. Pref., No. 1 Thames Haven Docl and Railway tTlverstone & Lancs Vale of Neath Waterfd. & Kilkenny Waterford&Limeriek West Cornwall. West End of London, and Crystal Palace West London Winibledn & Croydon 23 - 25 4/ - 4i 8} -- 8i 13i -- 13 15i -- 16 8J -- 7i 90 - 92 62i - 63 13 - 14 - 11 .. - ... ci - 15, 12 - 12; 32 - 36 23 - 25 76i, - 772 57 - 59 19 - 20 170 - 72 83 - 94 75 - 77 1 26 - 198 101 - 103 67 P- 674 73 78 8 9 8 9 s 1 82 7 101 102 101 1014 Par iP id iP 83 81 8i 7M 6il 25A - 26 8 p- 8i 72i - 73 43 - 45 9 - 7 1 - li ••• -- ••• 50 - 52 30 ... 31 74 75 6i 3i 13g 141 50 51 50 —5?. id—ip 5 4id 64. 6i Id —rare 28 - 30 103 105 67 69 45 47 13i -14 A 61i 62 30 31 4 2 2d par 39 - 41 • • """.. 4* 5 - 194 204 - 21 - 23 7 - 8 FOREIGN. Antwerp&ltotterdam Belgian Eastn. June Beziers to Graissessac Bombay, T3aroda, and Central India,Scrir Demerara 1 )nteh Rhenish Eastern of France Do. New East Indian, g. 5 p. c Do. Er ern i0n..., Do. 4l p. c. Bds., pay '57, convertible Do. do. do., '59, do Gd. Th of CanadaA is Do. St. Lawrence & Atlantic do. Do. Cert. of Deben , con. into Stk. till'63 Do. Comp. 6 p. c., do. Gt. Central of Franl , Gt. Indian Peninsula guar. 5 per cent Do. New 5 per cent Do. Extensions Do. do Great Luxembourg Constituted Shares Do. Obligations Gt.Westorn of Cana& Shares Do. Bds., payables 7, with option till '55 Do. do., '62, p. '56 Do. do., '76, p. '6O Do. do., '73, without option Hamilton & Toronto Do. 6 per cent. Lake Const. & Basle Lucca di Pistoj a 5 p.c pref Lyons and Genova Lyons & Mediterran Madras Do. New Maria Antonia Do. do. Now Namur li Liege (with interest) Do. (ez interest) Northern of France Do .201. Shs.late Char leroi and Erquelinee guar. 3R p. c. & red. at 221. dur. 88 yrs. from 1 Jan. 1854 Do. 201. 3 p. c Bde (fmy. B. & Ams. Shs ) NorwogianTrunkPref Paris and Lyons Ditto Bonds ...... Paris and Orleans Paris and Rouen ParisCaen & Cherbrg Rouen and Havre Royal Danish Royal Swedish.. Sambre and Muse._ Do. 5.1 p. cent. Prof, Scinde Southern of France St. Andrew's and Quebec (A) West Flanders Do 5 per c. Pref Western of France Wee,. of Switzerland Wiesbaden Zealand JOINT-STOI Australasia British Colonial Bank and Loan Company British N. American Chartd. Bank of Asia Chrtd. Buk. of India, Australia, & China City Colonial Commorcial of Lond English Scottish and Australian Chart Loud. Chart. Bk. of Australis. 5 !Ditto Now London and County (London Joint Stock Lond. & Westminster National Provincial of England Do. N ew National of Ireland New South Wales Oriental Bank of Corporation...., Provincial of Ireland Do. NOV Royal Au strain. Big & Gold Imp Co._ South Australia Union of Australia , Do. New Vat= Of L 90 .04 tan l 91 2a 2 2 ?"Z 21 2if 4d 35f - 35/ 9 -10! 25i - 26 3 4r 6 - 18i' 65 - 67 95 - 97 i 4 - 41, 5k - 6 3 / 4 13 - 5 - 6 4 -- 4i 3i -- 3$ 21i -- 22 100 -- 102 107 -- 109 112 -- 114 105 - 107 22, 1 1 - 23 111 - 113 Ai. -- 64; 2t -21I~p 2t 5 7 2 - 3 6 - 3.6 t 12 Ll= 13 8 - 9 49i - 50 pl 47 49 46 48 pm 24i 257 21 22 1 —nd 9 —lO 21 - 3 p ... --. pm 3 4 d 10 : 10iP ••• - ••• 18 - 19 BANKS. 84 - 85 65 - 67 id- 1 p ... - ...a 5i - 6 PI 17i -18 i 19 -- 20 4 -- d 36 -- 38 49 • 01 M. • 35 - 36 38 - 39 50} - M ••• ... ••• ••• 38 - 40 73 - 75 8 - 9 .4 a 30 25 20 all 20 10 20 35 10 22 all all all all 24 12i 12 774 6/ 8i 81i $ 7i 101 i 101 i 1001 16 25i i i 12,i g i 131 14 11 3 17 181 3i 21i a xd in 29a 30 THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENIN_G, JULY a 1855, LINES IArABED AT FIXED RENTALS. LAW INTELLIGENCE.--(THIS DAY.) THE ATTACK OF THE 18th. RAELWATe s Leasing Compans Closing Prices this day. Business this day. QUEEN'S BENCH.—GUILDHALL. (Before Lord Campbell and a Special Jury.) HENDERSON V. TIIE AUSTRALIAN ROYAL MAIL STEAM PACKET COMPANY. In this case, the particulars of which we gave in our yesterday's impression, the jury returned a verdict for the-plaintiff for 2,7501. TOPLIS V. GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY' COMPANY.- RAILWAY LIABILITY. This was an action brought by the plaintiff, residing at Eastwood, near Nottingham, to recover of the de fendants compensation for damages sustained in the delay in the delivery of a pig. Mr. Quail appeared for the plaintiff ; Mr. Knowles, Q.C., and Mr. Unthank for the defendants. The learned counsel, in opening the case to the jury, said it was a rare circumstance for a special jury to be summoned to do posthumous honours to a pig, and as the animal had gained some notoriety in his native county, it was necessary be should give them a succinct account of his history. The " natives" of Nottingham having deaied it was possible to feed a pig in London equal to that in their own locality, the plaintiff, who has a brother living at Notting-hill, determined to show them it could be done, and, accordingly, sent the pig to London for that purpose. The pig, which was act an ordinary grunter, but a remarkable animal, increased greatly in size under the judicious management of the brother until it was necessary it should be slaugtered. The pig was accordingly slaughtered, packed, and taken to the Great Western Railway station on Friday, the 7th April, 1854, for transmission to the plaintiff, but, instead of arriving at its destination the following day, as it ought to have done, it did not arrive until five days after, when it was in such a putrid and decomposed state that the plaintiff was obliged to bury it. The pig weighed 31„cwt. 3 qrs. 16 lb., which, with the expenses of slaughter ing, packing, &e., was valued at about 131. Evidence was given in support of the plaintiff's case. Mr, Knowles contended the defendants were not liable, but the Midland Railway Company, over which the pig had to pass from Birmingham, where the delay occurred. The Great Western Railway Company by their notice only undertook to convey goods beyond the limits of the company's local destination on certain con ditions, which they published at the back of their re ceiving notes, which the consigner signed and left with the company. Lord Campbell said the jury would have to decide whether the defendants received the pig in the capacity of common carriers, or under the special contract relied on by them in their defence. If railway companies re ceived goods to be carried to any place mentioned in the address, and undertook to do so they were liable for what happened beyond the limits of their line as much as upon it, without which railway traffic could not be carried on. He must remark on the impropriety of the mode adopted by railway companies in publishing their notices at the back of the receiving note in type so small as to be scarcely read without the aid of a magnifying glass. The Legislature had now properly interfered to put an end to such at tempts on the part of railway companies to establish special contracts with their customers. - The jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff for the amount claimed. MARKET NEWS.—(THIS DAY.) es. CORN EXCHANGE. The present arrivals of English wheat, coastwise and by land carriage, have been very moderate. Fresh up to day they were trifling, and the show of samples was small. However, the demand for most kinds was in a sluggish state, but we have no change to roport in Monday's cur rency. The imports of foreign wheat have been only 3,340 quarters. Good heavy qualities sold in retail quantities at full quotations. Low parcels were dull, but not cheaper. Floating cargoes realised former terms. The show of barley was very small, and a good clearance was effected, at extreme rates. We had a moderate inquiry for malt at last week's quo tations. The oat trade was firm, and prime heavy samples were the turn higher. English .. 1,850 , L 3 S I MB WEEK. E O E. Beans, peas, and flour sold on former terms. ARRIVA Wheat. Barley. Malt. Oats. Flour. Irish .... 43 0 Foreign .. 3,34 ) 12,300 2,630 s kS 10 1,960 (4ENERAL AVERAGE PRICES OF "BRITISH CORN For the week ended July 5, 1855, made up from the Returns of the Inspectors in the different Cities and Towns in England and Wales per Imperial Quarter. WHEAT. BARLEY. OATS. I ars. ) BEANS. I PEAS. 75s lid 34s 31 23s 81 ) 45 3 6d 46s 61 ( 43s 8d THE SIX WEEKS' AVERAGE. WHEAT. 1 BARLEY. i OATS. RTE. 1 BEANS. 1 PEA S . 76s 411 33s 9d , 28s 7d 455 7d 46s 3d , 42s 6d QUANTITIES OF GRAIN SOLD LAST WEEK. Wheat, 84,791 ; Barley, 8,003 ; Oats, 11,724 ; Rye. 139 ; Beans 2,970; Peas, 294 quarters. __ METROPOLITAN CATTLE MARKET. The supply of beasts in to-day's market was but mode rate. For all kinds we had a steady demand at an ad vance in the quotations obtained on Monday of 2d per 81bs, and a clearance was easily effected. The best sorts were worth fully 4s 10d per Sibs. Sheep—the supply of which was rather limited for the time of year— were in good re quest as respects the best kinds, which advanced 2s per Sibs. Inferior sheen were dull, but not lower. The highest figure was 6s per 81bs. We had a good inquiry for lambs at from 2d to 4d per 81bs more money than on Monday. Calves were in large supply and steady request at full quotations. In pigs very little was doing. Milch cows moved off steadily at from 141. to 191. each, including their small calf. Per Sibs to sink tho offals. s. d. s. d. Inferior Beasts.... 3 6to 3 8 Second quality.... 3 10 4 2, Prime large oxen 4 4 4 6, Prime Scots, dce. 4 8 4 10' Inferior Sheep ...3 4 3 6 Second quality ...3 8 4 0 1 Prime crse.-wiled.4 2 4 61 Lamb TOTAL sums a. d. N. d. PrimeSouthdown 410 5 0 Large erse. calves 4 0 4 6 ! Primo small d 0... 4 8 5 0 Large hogs 3 4 3 8 Small porkers 4 0 4 4 'Suckling ealves..2l 0 28 0 Quarter old pigs 21 0 27 0 4s 10d to 6s 4d. Beasts 1.022 Sheep ...................10,500 Calves' 470 Egs .................... 500 General Pelissier's despatch of the 22d of June, giving a full report of the action of the 13th, or at least of that part of it in which the French army was most promi neetly engaged, is a candid, perspicuous, and highly creditable narrative of the proceedings of that unfortu nate day. Some additional circumstances might have been mentioned which possibly contributed to the failure of the attack, but upon the wholethis report is a fair and correct account of the chief causes of this untoward oc currence. It makes no attemptto conceal the magnitude of the losses sustained by the allied armies or the keen ness of the disappointment which rapidly succeeded the immoderate confidence of the troops, and it haves us to award the responsibility of this disaster to those upon whom the chief burden fills. We shall not assume that ungracious and invidious office. There were errors of judgment, there was a want of accuracy and combination in the movements, there was an incorrectestimate of the resources of the fortress in this plan of attack ; all this is fully acknowledged by the Generals themselves, hut the consummate intrepidity shown by the troops and by the gallant leaders who fell at the head of their men bids us abstain from saying a single word which may aggra vate the pain of our loss or of their untimely fate. These daily remarks of ours are read by a large portion of the civilised world, but more especially they are read, and read with avidity, by those whom they most concern— by our countrymen in the camp before Sebastopol; and however indifferent we may be in general to the praise or blame of interested parties, we should be sorry to write a single word which could be thought inaccurate, unjust, or discouraging by the army. We therefore confine ourselves to the general considerations which the problem of this siege still suggests, and which must eventually decide the fate of Sebastopol. It is now universally admitted by all the engineers, English and F re n c h, b e f ore th e pl ace that the Malakhoff Tower and the works about it are the key of the whole position, and that against this point the main operations of the attack must be directed. The chief importance of the Mamelon, which was cap tured by the French on the 7th of June, and is now called by them the Brancion Redoubt, is, that it at once enabled the besiegers to advance their lines and works about 700 yards nearer to the Malakhoff than they were before, and consequently to drive on their approaches with greater energy against the main posi tion. The surprise we have already expressed on pre vious occasions that measures were not instantaneously taken on the 7th to secure this advantage was equally felt by the army and by the Russians themselves ; for in the course of the armistice which was so strangely granted, as if to enable the enemy to repair his works, some of the Russians asked whether the Generals were drunk when they acceded to such a request. General Peliesier says that after the capture of the outer works they had been rapidly converted into the basis of an attack against the Karabelnaia suburb itself. But no works by sap or otherwise had been driven beyond them, and the artillery placed in them was still 650 yards from the Malakhoff Tower. Nevertheless, an assault under these extraordinary conditions was deter mined upon after the bombardment of the 17th, and it was to be directed almost at the same time by the French against the Malakhoff works, and by the Eng lish against the Redan. Upon this arrangement another remark of great importance presents itself. It should be borne in mind that the Redan is a work which pro jects or advances considerably in front of the Malak hoff, and that the fire even from the Mamelon takes the Redan in flank. The Redan is, moreover, lower than these works, and is commanded by them. The double operation of the 18th of June is, therefore, reduced to this dilemma :—lf the French attack on the Malakhoff works proved unsuccessful, it was totally impossible for the English or any other troops to occupy the Redan, or to hold it even if they had crossed the abattis and the ditch ; but if the French attack on the Malakhoff works had suc ceeded, then neither could the Russians have continued to hold the Redan ; they must inevitably have been driven out of it in a few hours by the fire of the Malak hoff and the Mamelon directed against themselves, and this result would have been obtained with certainty, and without any assault of the Redan at all. Or, to express the same proposition in fewer words, if the Malakhoff 1 works were not taken, the Redan could not be held by us ; and if they were taken, the Redan could not be held by the Russians. In no case could the capture of the Redan have contributed to the fall of the Malakhoff works, because the latter are in the rear of the former, and completely enfilade it. If this argument be sound, as we believe it to be, the result is that no attack on the Redan ought to have been made at all, or, at most, a false attack to divert the attention of the enemy from the main point. The real English attack would have produced a far more serious effect if it bad been directed against the Barrack Battery, the point assailed by General Eyre ; and if a powerful body of troops had penetrated there they might have caught the Russians in the Redan on their flank and rear. A redan is a re doubt not closed behind ; but to attack it by assault in front is to attack it precisely where it is strongest. The cross fire of such a work from the faces of the bastion and the flanking batteries is perfectly irresistible, and the consequence was that no man got within 50 yards of the ditch alive. Nothing, in short, could justify such an attempt, except the moral obligation Lord Raglan might feel to share the peril of our allies. But there was this difference in our position—if the French had carried the Malakhoff, they would have decided the fate of the siege ; if the English had carried the Redan only, they would have decided nothing. This being the unfortunate, but inevitable result of a premature attempt to carry by assault works still retaining the superiority of their fire, the course now to be pursued by the engineers is clear. They have it in their power to push forward by regular approaches from the position of the Mamelon against the Malakhoff Tower, and eventually to establish in these advanced works batteries of sufficient weight to subdue the fire of ttie enemy, and we have reason to believe that this regu lar operation has now been commenced. Indeed, Gene ral Pelissier states in his telegraphic despatch of the 3d inst. that our works are progressing satisfactorily, and it is probably to this operation that he refers. Hitherto, in spite of the prodigious resources which have been brought to bear against Sebastopol, the fire of the be siegers has been too distant and too diffuse to produce a decisive effect on any one point. The siege has now as sumed a more precise direction, and with an adequate amount of time, of labour, and of artillery, the approaches against the Malakhoff Tower will acquire more of that certainty which has hitherto been the boast of the science of military engineering. But, while the allied armies Bre obviously endeavour ing to concentrate their attacks upon the place, we per severe in the opinion that there are many points in the adjacent districts of the Crimea against which the large bodies of effective troops not employed in the siege work might with advantage be directed. The recent excur sions conducted with judgment and success by Omer Pasha and by General Marmora, at the head of the Turkish and Sardinian corps d'armee, have penetrated to a considerable distance into the lateral valleys of the Tchernaya. Nearly the whole country on the left bank of the Belbek has been visited by these troops as far as the pass of Aitodor, and without encountering any serious resistance reconnaissances have been made half way from Balaklava to Bakshi-Serai. It is extremely uncertain what amount of forces the Russians have in reserve in the in terior, and there are strong reasons for believing that the main body of the Russian army has been withdrawn to reinforce the garrison of Sebastopol. All appearances of an aggressive movement on the part of the enemy from the north have, for the present, ceased ; and, though the country beyond the Belbek is exceedingly un favourable to field operations, General Bosquet's army of observation, assisted by the means of transport at our command, may in a few hours menace any part of the coast. It is, of course, impossible for es to enter with more detail on the possibility of such operations ; but while the allied forces, amounting to 200,000 men, re main confined within the plateau which extends from the Tchernaya to the sea, as if they were blockaded by a superior force, it is more than doubtful whether any such force exists. We discovered by experience the weakness of the Russians at Kertch, at Yenikale, at Anapa, and on every point we have attacked, except Sebastopol, and we cordially hope that advantage will be taken of the delay in the siege operations to make at least another diversion against the enemy on some other point of the theatre of war. Bedford and BletAley Buckghamsh. Clydesdale Jc. Col. Stour Vy. Sud. and Hal. E. Lin. g. 6 pc. Glas. Barr. & Neils. Direct Do. New Glstr.dt Dn. Fr VlAlpl. Dk.. & Railway Hull & Selby Do. Shares. Do. 2 Shares. Lon.&Greenw Do. Preference Lon., Til., & S. Lowestoft gr. 4 per cent. Do. 6 por ct. Manch. Bxtn and Matlock Middlesbro' & Redcar Midld.Bradfd Newmarket Bury Exten... N.& Est.s P.C. Do. 6 per ct. Do. Fixeds p Prest. & Tyre Do. A Shrs. A Itoystn.& Hit. Shef.Roth and Goole g. 5 p. c. Shrews. &Her S. Staffordsh. Wear Valleygr 6 per cent Do Wilts&2orarst PREFE London R N. Wet t. L. &N. W. : - laled on, E. Un. fi E. C Gt.Nrtnn. Caldonian. Do Gt. West] Yk. New. & Berw. Y. &NM Do , Eastr) Do 'Peto & Co. Norfolk Do L.& N. W. & Stckton & Darlingt.l Midland..l En. Coun. E. Count Do L. & N.W &Ln&Yk Do at North!) Laneash & Yorksh. T. Brassey M. MClean Stockt. & Darlingt Do IGtWestn. 98 - 100 100 - 102 135 - 137 ii - 29 tiii -16 12i - 13 23 - 94 - 12 2fi - 2i A = 58 - 60 133 - 135 8f - 84 2t -• 211 32 - 33 93 - 95 RENCE SHARES. Aberdeen Do. N 0.2, 7 p. c Bly - th and Tyne 1 0 pm c. pref. (issd. at 50/ ) Bris. & Ex. 4 p. c. St. Do. 4 p. C. Shares Caledonian £lO Chester & Holyhead Guar..A per cent Do. 110. Prof. No. 2 Do. do. Pref. No. 2 Cork &Bandonsp.c Dun. Prth .& Aber. J S. Anglian Cis. A Sh. Do. do. Cis. B 6 p. c. Do. do Cis. C 7p. c. Eastern Counties Ex tension, 5 p. c. No. 'Do. No. 2 . Do. New 6 r . c. St. East Un., G. 6 p. c. Do. 5/. 10 ner cent, 10/. Dol3entr.Sl), Do. do. 4 per cent East Lancash.6 p.ets. E. &W. York. J. sths Ed. Prth.&Dun.4p.c Furness & S. W. 0.5 p.c Great Northn. 5 p. c Do. 5 p. c. Redeem., at 10 p. c. prom... Do. P.C . Do. 5 p.c. Scrip, Red. at 5 p. c. pm... Gt.N. of Scot. Ist Pre' qt. S. &W. (Ireland) Do. 4 per c. Pr 4 St qt. Wostn. (Barks Hants Ex. 5 p. c) Do. con. red.. 4. p.c Do. con. red. 4 p. c Do. irred. 4p.c. Do. Birm. Pref. Sh Do. Chester 8 p. c.P.S Do. do. 5 p. c, do Do. Birm. Qua. Stir I Do. Chos. Gua. Sh 'Do. do. do Do. do. do Lan. &York. F. £2o' Do. 6 p. c. Stock Lon. &Brigh. G. 5 p. c Do. Prof., 5 p. c. St. Do. Now Gnar.6 p. c. Do. do. 5 per cent Lou. &N. W., Coy. Nuneaton 5 p. Lou. & S. W. Con. 3 dA Londy. & Color. Sh. Londy. & Ennia. Nan., Shof., & Lin New. £lO Do. £6 Nfarypt.k Carl. 4 p Du. 4i per cent Consol.6 p.c.St Do. Consol, Bristol A firm. 6 per coot. Do. 4i p. c. Pref. St Do. Pref. 43, pc.r ceo Do. 5/. Pe f. 4 P. c. Ditto Leicester am', Hitelien Pref. St Norfolk Debeature Do. Pref. 4 p. c. Stoci Do. 5 p. c. Est pg. 51 per et. pref._ Do. Way. Val. 5 p. c (North British ..... N. E. Berw, 4 p.c. P Do. do. do Do Leeds 6 p.c :No 1 Da. do. Quarters C• Do.Yorkil. & S. Por. North Staffordshire.. Oxford, Worcester, is Wolverh . £l5, 6 p:c bo R. Prof. 10/.Sh. Scot. Cent. ,New Pre, Soj th Devon Do. fixed, 44 per cent S. Eastern (Readi4 Ann.) of £1 Os. 6d. Do. 4i per cent S. Wales Cua. 4 p. c Do. do. 4i p. c S.Yorksh.4p.c.Guar. Stock. & Dar., 5 p. c. Do. do. do Stock. & Ifartl. g. t p. c. till July 1, 'sf, iNV aterfd. & Kilk. 6 pc 98 - 100 0 . 56 -- ik • .• .... ... 3 - 4 6 - 6i 1 - 1i - 3 8 13A - 14 ei ::: 64 118 -- liO 110 - 112 104 <- 106 # - 1P 9 - Pi 6 -- 61 99 -- 101 90 -- 92 92 -- 94 10 -- 11 17 -17 i 101 -10 i 74 -- 76 191 -- 20.} 91 -- 101 141 -15 t 137 -- 139 •• • ...." MN 2i - 3 133 -13 i 0 - $P 139 - 141 97 -9,) 4i - 103 - 105 95 - 97 3i - 4 • . ..." so • i •••• par 107 - 109 -14 i id -- pa] 23i —23 i 99 101 16 -18 ••• "" • ••• 2 - 3p ..• ... 2.fd MINES. 1 all Agua Fria $ ••• i 1 1 all Anglo Austrin. Gold . ... 10s. all Anglo Californian - i 1 20 6 Australian lf - li 1 all Australian Cordillera ... - ... 1 all Ave Maria, . - 1 all Baden (Gd.Dtachy of) 4 - i 50 all Blronarvon Iron and Coal . . , 6 - 7 20 14 British Iron 5 - 6 35 26 Brazilianlmp.(issue6 at £5 pm.) - 34 30 all Do. Cocaes & Cuiab 24 - 34 20 15 Do. St. Jelin Del lie) 28 -30 29 8 1 Carson's Creek 4 - if i 1 Clarendon Cons. Min. Co. of Jamaica A- - ftp 40 all Cobra Copper 6l - 64 5 1 Colonial Gold 4 - i ii St. all Copper Min. of Eng ... - ... 25 all Do. Pref. 74 p. cent ... - ... ... le Copiapo l9 - 21 5 all English and Austin. Copper Smeltg CO 1$ ..- 14. 2 1 Fortuna $ -iP 20 all General l5 -17 1 all Gt.Nugk etVeinßeg $ - ft 4 44 all Great Polgooth l4 -2a 2 a 1 all Liberty .. ri - l 4 3 all Linares 8 - 84 8 4 ... 34 Do. B 3 -34 5 1 Lusitauian l4 - lip 1 all Mariquita . - is 1 all New Granada ...... ... - i 1 all Now Linares Mining and Smelting C 0.... ... - ... 1 all Nouveau Monde • ~. - ... 20 all Pontgiband Silver Lead Min. & Smelt. 144 - 154 5 1 Port Philip 4 - ft 1 all Quartz Rock 4 - 4 50 all Rhymney Iron l9 = 21 15 all Do. New 5 - 6 30 124 Santiago de Cuba-- 5 - 6 1 4 111 all ll lv S u o a u bi t al h er Australian - 4 10 74 Tin Croft .... ..... 2 - 24 28i all U nito d Mexican .... 34 - 44 1 all W es t M ar i posa - I - 1 112 s. Worthing Mining of Australia - ... y •• - ••• MISCELLANEOUS. 25 174 Australian Agricult. 30 - 3 1 10 all Australn. Royal Mail ... - ••• 10 7 Berlin Water Works ' 24 - lid 64 50 40 Brit. American Land 57 - 60 5 1 Brit. & Coln. Smeltg. and Reduction Co ... - ••• 100 324 Canada 118 - 122 119 20 St. 100 Canada Gov. 6p. ct. Jan. and July 1124 - 1134'112t 4 13 1211 a 5 all Crystal P a l ace 3 - 34 3 5 5 Do Preference si - s ii 5 1 4 all Crystal Pal. of Franco ... - ••• 1 ft Duston Tron Ore, . • - • 20 84 Eastern Steam. - - - 25 23 Electric Telegraph 174 - 184 184 18 1 all Electric Toleg. of Ir. ... - ••• 15 14 Gen. Steam Navigat. ... - ... 20 all General Screw Steam ... - ... 20 10 Irish Beetroot Sugar ... - ... 20 10 Magdalena St. Navig. ... - ••• 10 all M.editeran. Elec. Tel. ... - ... Navigat. Co. Inter, r -.... 10 0 Mexican&S.Araericn. 64 - 64 10 24 Do. New ....... . ... - ... 1 all Nat. Pat. Steam iuel ... - ... 10 5 Netherlands Land l4 - 2 12 all l NNS..tspe.a.Nm VA.ustraiasian... . I. ..... 1 20 15 Nrth.ofEuropeSteam ... - ... 1 all Oriental Gas ll - 11 14 6 all Peel Rr. Ld..t Mina 23 - 2i 50 all Peninsular & Oriental ... - ... 624 50 10 Do. Now ••• - ..• 2 all Portland Iron Co 1 i ..... 14 100 60 Royal Mall Steam - 76 1 all Scot. Austral. Invest. i - 2 1 4 Ditto NOW $ - I 25 all South Austral ..Land 264 -37 a 1 all Submar. Tel. Scrip_ ft _ 3 1 all Do. Reoistered 4 - 1 5 Trust& L. Co .U. Can, ... ..... ... 10) Zd4 YR D;Q3i 14 1 11.0 laad IHi = itt FOILEIGN SUPPLY. Sheep ..•• Calves... • •• Pig 5.......... - LEADENHALL. ,n short supply and steady NEWGATE AND Each kind of meat was request, 'on higher terms. Per 81bs by s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Beef, interior 2 2 3 4 1 Mutton, Inferior 3 2 3 6 Do., middling 3 6 3 8 Do., middling 3 8 4 2 '' Do., prime largo .3 10 4 0 Do prime 4 4 4 8 De , do. small ....4 2 4 4 Veal 3 8 4 . 8 Fork, large . .. 3 4 3 8 j Pork, small .... —,3 10 4 4 Lamb 4s 6d to 6s Od. ;ba carcase. BOROUGH BOP- As the plantation accounts are still favourable our mar ket is heavy, and the duty is called 230 , 0 001. Prices are barely supported. Nearly 400 bales of foreign hops ha ve come in. Mid and East Kent pockets, lA/. to 18 1 .10 s. ; We a ld o f Kent ditto, 13/. 10s. to 151 Os. ; Sussez ditto, 121. to 131. 10s. COLONIAL. TEA.—Very little has been done, but former rates have been current. SUGAR.—There has been an active demand at fuller prices. Refining kinds of British Plantation has advanced 6d per cwt. Bat badoes low heavy to good bright gro c ery, at auction, realised 34 3 to 38s 6d per cwt. East Indi a .— The dealings have been limited. No Madras or Bengal has been offered publicly, and Mauritius was bought in above the value, holders evincing much firmness. Foreign Mus covado Manilla was taken in at 31s 6d to 32s 6d, but sub sequently went at 31s Gd. Washed brought 31s 6d per cwt. Havannah afloat has been in request, a cargo of No. 11, 1 , to 12 for Plymouth selling at 22s 3d, and part of an other for Koni g sburg at 3N per cwt. At auc ti on goo d yellow brought 38s 6d per cwt. Cuba Muscovado sold readily at 6d advance, viz., at 33s Gd to 36s for heavy brown to good mid grey. A good business has been done in Re fined at full rates. COFFEE.—Plantation Ceylon has been in request, and at auction low mid and mid colory went at 57s to 61s 6d, goo g d oo a and fine coloryol at at 4B 6 s 2 6 s d to t 49s,o67striage a t 4G s t o 53 s 6d , and low mid to mid greyish at 58 s to 63 5. Native realised mid greyish at 625, mid to 48s to 49s for fine ord bold, but ord ragged to good ord was held for 48s to 48s 64. Bahia was taken in at 46s for fine ord, and at 41s to 48s for good ord red to fine ord palish. RlCE.—This article has been firm. Madras good small white brought 13s 6d, and mid mixed barley grain 12s 6d. Bengal good mid to fine bold pearly white went at 14s Gd to 15s 6d, and Bombay good yellow cargo grain at 12s 6d to 13s per cwt. SPlCES.—Pimento has been now wanted ; mid to good mid even went at Sad to 53(1, and Cassia Lignea sold heavily at 130 s for first pile, 124 s to 125 s for second, and 120 s for third pile. RUM.—Leewards have been sold at 2s 4d, Demerara at 2s 6d, and Jamaica common at 3s 8d to 3s 9d per gallon. SALTPETRE.—FuIIer rates have been obtained, viz., 26s for low 19 to 221 per cent. refraction. COCHINEAL.—At public sale Honduras ord to good bold pea silver realised N 8d to 4s 3d, and ord to mid black 3s 10d to 4s Bd. TALLOW.—P.Y.‘,• has been firmer, at 52s 9d to 53s per cwt on the spot. GREEN FRUIT.—The first cargo of pine apples, per " Nancy Dawson," Capt. Harvey, 30 days from the West Indies, has been received by Keeling and Hunt, and been freely taken by the trade at public sale. Oranges have improved in value. Messina and Palermo lemons are being received, via Rotterdam and Antwerp, and realise good prices. Nuts in fair demand_ CRYSTAL 1 2ALACE.—S — HILLING DAY. —JULY 5. Admissions on payment, 9,820 ; ditto for season tickets, I,ol3—Total, 10, 831 THE AUSTRALIAN MAILS. The Royal mail ship Champion of the Seas, Capt. M'Kirdy, belonging to Messrs. Jag. Baines and Co.'s Black Ball Line of Aus tralian packets, sailed yesterday afternoon from the Mersey for Melbourne with the Australian mails, 40 cabin and upwards of 400 second cabin and intermedi ate passengers, and a full cargo of valuable merchandise on board, including a number of railway carriages for the Melbourne and Geelong Railway Company, and also for the Williams - town Railway Company. The next mail from Esgland will be carried out by the White Star ship Shahimar, Capt. Robertson, on the 20th inst., and those of the sth proximo by the celebrated clipper McDonnell, of the Black Ball GEELONG AND MELBOURNE RAILWAY.--The Geelong James ine Baines, Capt. C. Advertiser, of the 7th of April, states that the works on this line have progressed with great rapidity, owing in a great measure to the decline in the price of labour, of which the contractors have availed themselves to the fullest extent. Forty miles of the line are under active work, and the greater part of the earthwork is finished. Several hundred tons of rails have been received, besides earth waggons and other goods. The pier, 1,000 feet in length, is now ready for laying the permanent way. Of the capital of 350) 000/., upwards of 140,0001. has been expondod. BANKING BUSINES4 Recent occurrences seem to have produced an idea that the business of a banker is attended with some speculations and uncertainties beyond those to which other commercial pursuits are exposed. As no impres sion could be more erroneous, and as the subject is one on which it is by no means desirable that error should prevail, we subjoin a plain exposition of the case, di vested of all technicalities and mystery, for the informa tion of the general reader. We shall not attempt to analyse or discuss what are termed the " principles of banking," but simply give such a general explanation of facts as will be easily and popularly intelligible. The original or primary notion of a banker is simply that of a money-dealer. Money is not only the medium by which sales and purchases are effected, but it is an article of purchase and sale itself, and the banker is the tradesman who deals in it. But how, it will be asked, is any one to buy money, when money is the very thing by which every commodity is bought ? The answer is, that money is bought with credit—in other words, it is lent out to use upon the faith of the borrower, and on the condition that it shall not only be repaid, but be repaid with the addition of a certain sum in considera tion of the loan. This sum is called "interest," or more expressively sometimes in popular language " use money." This it is from which a banker, in the original conception of the trade, would derive the profits of his business, and upon which he would live. In order, however, to lend money he must first possess it—that is to say, ho must have a capital ; and this is what is meant when it is said that certain sums or properties are embarked in a banking business. Two or more persons possessed of private fortunes put their money into a common stock, with a view of making profit by lending this stock out piecemeal, and receiving it back again with interest. Up to this point, therefore, the hazards of a banker's business, whatever they might be, would affect none but the bankers themselves. If they lent their money so carelessly or unluckily that they could not get it back again they might be ruined, but the ruin, would be simply their own. The extension of trade, however, and the development of commercial transactions add new features to the bank ing business. A. man in trade requires another trades man to manage his money concerns for him, to receive such moneys as are due to him, and to pay, according This dutyi! to order given, such money as he owes . di s charged by bankers, who thus keep the "accoutt s of their easterners, receiving and p a y in g on their behalf such tiv.ras a 3 aro brought or demanded. The davreuoo I between the totalreceipts and the total payments effected on behalf of a particular customer represents what is termed the "balance" of the account, and bankers na turally desire that this b,alance, or the surplus money in their hands, should be as large as possible. Accordingly, as every customer has, or should have, a balance of his own, the aggregate of these balanees represents a con siderable sum, which is at the banker's disposal, like his own original capital, for the purposes of his trade. Sometimes these balances acquire a more permanent and substantial form. Wealthy customers not unfrequently deposit money at their banker's merely for safe keep ing, or even vanity's sake, without much intention of touching it, and we have heard of instances of lofty cexcombry where thousands upon thousands of pounds have been left in this way - for years. Here, therefore, are large accumulations .of money for the banker to deal with, and, as the profits of money-dealing must bear a direct proportion to the amount of money employed, the advantages of the business are mate rially improved. But now comes the important point. The additional capital represented by these balances and deposits is not the banker's own. ,He may employ it, and is, of course, presumed to do so—indeed, this is his legitimate source of remuneration and profit ; but he is liable to be called upon for it by the right owners at any time, and if be cannot produce it a catastrophe ensues. In the old commercial cities of Italy when a trader failed to meet the demands upon him the custom was to break the " bane" or counter over which his dealings were conducted, and this usage gave rise to the term " bank-rupt." _ From what has been said it will be seen that a banker deals with money of two kinds—first, that which is his own, and which represents the original capital with which the concern was established, and next, that which is not his own, but his customers'. It is upon the ma nagement of these latter funds that the prosperity and security of a banker's business peculiarly depends. He must needs be a money-dealer or money-lender in any case, for this, in fact, and nothing else, is his trade; but, whereas in the case of his original capital he risked only what was his own, and was liable to no control in the matter, in the case of his customers' money he puts out of his hands that which at any moment he may be required to refund. If he cannot refund it, the bank is said to " stop payment," and the usual pro ceedings under bankruptcy follow. In all this this there is nothing whatever to make the trade of a banker uncertain or dangerous ; on the contrary, it would be very hard to find a pursuit more advantageous, lucrative, or safe than the business of a well-established bank. The partners literally find them selves put in peaceable possession of other people's money, and all they have to do is so to manage matters that they may be able to produce this money upon demand. For this purpose it is only necessary that what is lent should be lent with caution and judgment, and what is invested should be so invested as to be for the most part within certain and easy reach. Neglect of either of these precautions may produce disaster. If money is lent in large sums, or to customers not suffi ciently responsible, or if, although placed out on security good in itself, it is so tied up as not to be available at the moment of need, there may not remainfunds enough in hand to meet sudden calls, and a stoppage of payment must ensue. Perhaps the theory of the case would re quire that a banker should always b. able at any given 1 moment to satisfy the whole body of his customers, by accounting to them for their balances and deposits if asked to do so ; but this is an extreme supposition. Pre suming nothing to have affected the credit of the estab lishment, it is in no degree probable that demands of that character would be made upon it ; and even if a bank were by some accident reduced to the necessity of suspending its payments, notwithstanding that all the ordinary rules of prudence had been observed in its management, the difficulty would only be temporary, nor need any loss ensue. If the concern was sound, the ultimate realisation of the assets, or, in other words, the reconversion of the investments into mo ne y, would pro vide the means of satisfying every customer in full. We thus arrive at what seems the single condi i tion of good banking—viz., to keep always available such an amount of funds as will answer any probable demand ; and, though this may appear a mere truism, it really carries with it the other maxims of the trade. The rule cannot be observed if advances are made in very large sums, or for very long dates, to single firms or individuals since in this case it is obvious that there might be diffi culty experienced in getting the money at need, and bankers therefore prefer to spread their dealings in smaller amounts and at short dates over a large surface. It cannot be observed if money is largely invested in securities not readily convertible, and therefore most speculations of an equivocal kind would be excluded by the nature of the case. Of course a banker, like any other tradesman, is liable to bad debts, and may occa sionally lose the money he had lent, even on justifiable conditions, but in this he only shares a peril common to all trades alike, and is exposed to no greater danger in such respects than his commercial neighbours around him.—limes. 50 50 25 'lOO 100 all 100 5 100 tall all 2 100 1100 St. 20 St. 15 10 St. 20 50 all 100 9 6 1100 100 100 100 1100 1100 5 all all all 4r. all all 103 100 100 6 123 12)1 12; St. St. St. 161 5 St. Do.. 20 20 20 25 lii i Do.. 1004 Pm 13 Pm /1 1041 5 1 i 99. 100 93f 10 it RIOT IN ITY.DE-PAIM: If credit may be given to the great majority of wit: nesses who have borne testimony to the conduct of the police on Sunday last in Hyde-park, that conduct was of a very brutal and ferocious description. We are threatened next Sunday with a repetition of the disturb. ance on a still more serious scale, and, as there is yet time to prevent so grave an occurrence, it would seem to be a duty incumbent upon all men who have acquired to a certain degree the confidence of their fellow-subjects to avert, if it be in their power, such a calamity. We believe that our legislators have been very seriously in fault in exasperating the people by an ill-timed interfer ence with their pursuits. It would, however, be difficult to deny that the police have most grossly misconducted themselves throughout the affair. The people do not forget, and for many a long day they will not forget, the brutal manner in which they were assaulted by the po lice upon an occasion which need not have been the cause of strife but for their ill-judged interference. The first impression of every rational man who hears of the intended gathering on next Sunday is, " What do the " people want ? Are not Lord Robert Grosvenor and his bill consigned to merited oblivion ?" This is the truth to a certain extent, but not the whole truth. Every man in London whose relation or friend was in jured on last Sunday by the truncheons of the police is burning to play out the return innings. The sympa thies of thousands attend them even among those who have not been directly concerned in the business of last Sunday. We pay the police to protect our house and our pockets, not to break our heads. They are our ser vants, and not our masters. It becomes, then, a matter of the first importance to remove all just causes of com plaint before the day arrives when the strife may be re newed. Tho bill has been withdrawn. The member who introduced it and the house who sanctioned it have acknowledged their error—and so there is and end to that question. The grievance which the people met in Hyde-park last Sunday to remedy no longer exists, but on that day a fresh grievance was created. The police appear to have grossly misconducted themselves, and, therefore, if further disturbance is to be averted, it be comes the first duty of the Government to take such steps as shall insure to them the sympathies of the majo rity. The best course open to them, under all circum stances, is to make a public declaration, before it be tno late, that the conduct of the police on Sunday last shall be submitted to a searching and public investigation. We would particularly call attention to the desultory conversation in the Lower House last night, in the course of which Mr. Roebuck and Mr. T. Duncombe gave utterance to complaints which may, unfortunately, be heard in lower, but in more threatening accents in every street. The fact is, that the Home-office is "in a scrape," and it requires the utmost firmness and foresight to avert the evil consequences of previous error. There is but one way to secure the public sup port, which is to remove all causes of offence, and to place the people clearly in the wrong if they attempt any fresh disturbance. Sir George Grey has before him a few hours for consideration—this evening for an ex pression of his determination, and another day for pre paration. We fully believe that if this night in the House of Commons an assurance be given that the con duct of the police force on Sunday last is to be made the subject of real and satisfactory inquiry, the storm will blow over. No rational man wishes to see the functions of the House of Commons transferred to the comitia tributa of Hyde-park. We all want peace and order ; but we do not desire our fellow-subjects maltreated with out a cause. After what we have written, we need scarcely say that it is our most hearty and earnest advice to our poor fellow-subjects to abstain on Sunday next from any violent eemonstration. Hitherto they have been entirely in the right, and have carried with them the sympathies of all rational men. Let them not by irrational violence place themselves in the wrong, and alienate the good wishes of those who have until now supported their cause. Their opponsaits would only be too thankful to see a false movement on their par% and would be but too eager to take advantage of it. At the present moment the 'sole grievance is the conduct of the policemen on Sunday. FLOWER SHOW AT CREMORNE GARDENS. A large number of persons visited Cremorne Gardens yesterday, on the occasion of the second grand !lower show of the South London Floricultural Society. 1 the n spite of the fact that the glories of the great show l't for„ Botanical Gardens in the Regent's-park, the day tbaet tore , were fresh in the memory of many of the fine, and tion. The show of geraniums was particularlY ~ there was still sufficient to excite the greate;tPigecrneetifica feorree.jthA:dmnig.- Th - 0 yeroenas were the object of universal admiration. ny that were ex • and fuchsias were thought equal Rhodes, private Messrs. posed in the Botanical Gardens the day a b w - e volt- h anu oon, o f the leading exhibitors were Messrs. Chelsea, whose rare and valuable plf aa ration of all the visitors. and others. who obtained prizes, the principalsholAmong were Ramp, and W eatherall. Messrs. ,Roser, Robinson, Baker, Cut bush, Turner, Gaines, usual After the de which have only entertainments followed, performances in the circus by Mr. Hernan dez The nurserymen who were fortunate were cision of the prizes, the been recently pro duced.' i d n u c c r e e d a . s o d h They othere o f were the source.dience and immense delight to the junior portion of the t hose au interested • of admiration to all. The feel i ngs o f storming "roars of laughter" and " in the war were excited by a view of the of Sebastopol. Then there was a ballet, a comic entertainment in which Mackney called showers of applause." f O o r r e t l l l°l . " is one of the most attractive exhibitions of the present day. The beauty of the gardens, their ad mirable position by the side of the Thames, and the varied nature of the amusements, obtain for it a papule. rity which has been in vain sought for in other exhibi tions of the same nature. A series of entertainments, commencing with a flower show and ending with fire. 'Fmk% oould ocazosly fail of giCieill. THE PATENT PRINTING COMPANY AGAIN. This redoubtable scheme has at length been partially brought to a test of experiment, in consequence of Mr. Clay, of Bread-street•hill, having challenged Major Beniowski to a trial of his invention, as compared with the ordinary process. The first portion of this trial took place on Tuesday, June 12, at Mr. Clay's office, in presence of several members of Parliament and gen tlemen connected with the printing profession, when it was arranged that a p age o f P arl i amentary work' should be composed by each party. Cases being provided with letter in them, some copy was given to the composi tor, Mr. W. Hughes, who composed a page of small pica, 33 ems wide (or 77 ohs small pica), containing, according to the ordinary method of casting up, 6,006 letters, but by counting the actual letters and spaces, as was done by Major Beniowski, it consisted of 7,020. The trial of Major B en i ows ki' s sys t em t oo k place on Friday, June 15, at his residence in Bow-street, when the same copy Was given to the young lady who picks up the types, being assisted by a youth who spaced out the lines. The time occupied was— CLAY'S. h. Composition Imposition 0 2i Readingand revising 0 12k Proof and revise Distribution BENIOWSKI . S. h. in. Composition Correcting (on galley) 0 29 Imposition Reading ?roof (not corrected)* 0 45 Distribution 0 56 Total It will thus be seen that from the time the compositor took copy he had his page ready for press in less than three hours, including the time occupied by the reader, and that he afterwards distributed the type in 51 minutes. While, by Major Beniowski's system, although two were engaged in the process, it required upwards of two hours to produce the page, and a reader was occupied 15 minutes in reading it ; but the gallant Major, it seems (although at the outset it was stipulated that the page should not be considered finished till properly read and corrected), declared that there was no necessity for reading or correcting, the type having been read over on the galley by the fair compositor. It appears, however, that there was great necessity for reading for as many errors were discovered as would have taken 45 minutes to correct. The Major, however, refused to have the proof corrected, considering that there was no impropriety in dividing the word " ve-ry," and that a double of a word or two and a host of other • imperfections were of no consequence. Had the time of the reader been taken into account, and had his proof been corrected, as undoubtedly it should have been, the compositor would have had the advantage of his two competitors by twenty-eight minutes. Thus the Major is on the horns of a dilemma —either it will take longer to produce a page correctly by his system than by the present ; or, to gain any advantage in speed, he must entirely sacrifice correctness, which, in Parliamentary printing especially, is so indispensable. Then, again. the time occupied by the two boys in distributing was 56 minutes each, while that by the compositor was only 51. This, then, is the system which threatened to produce an entire revolution in the printing business—which was to simplify the art so that any one able to read might at once become a compositor—which should annihilate the present race of printers, and supersede them as com pletely as the ancient scribes were by the introduction of printing—and by which printing could be executed in one-fourth the time and one-eighth the cost, returning to the fortunate shareholders a profit of 300 per cent. But on the very first imperfect trial, which was one calculated, from the simple nature of the work to be executed, and the plainness of the copy, to give the inventor every advantage,t it kas displayed anything but a superiority over the common method. That a number of types may be put together in a short space of time no one doubted, but that, as every practical man knows, is the least part of a compositor's art ; and the " inventor" has exhibited nothing whatever to lessen the difficulties a compositor has to contend with. What is there, or can there be, in the proposed or any other system that facilitates the deciphering of imperfect manuscript, or assist in more readily punctuating ? So far from they being any improvement in the appearance of the work when executed, it is confessedly the re verse ; and instead of progressing in the tart, a book printed with the proposed types would be infinitely in ferior to those printed a hundred years ago ; for words or syllables having tinfoil wrapped around them, and the single letters having none, it is impossible to make them range and extremely difficult to make them " lift" when imposed, as is clearly proved by the time (19 minutes) occupied in imposing Major Beniowski's page ; and whilst some of the letters will be close together, others will have a space between them ; and what the type founders have most striven to achieve will be destroyed. With regard to time, it is shown by the experiment that if the work is to be done in anything like a proper manner, it must go through the ordinary routine of reading and correcting, and then, in spite of two persons being engaged instead of one, no advantage will be gained, but the reverse; for every practical printer knows that when work is in a hurry the composition may be facilitated by dividing it into small portions, as is done on the daily papers ; but where much correcting is needed there is an inevitable delay, from the extra time occupied in reading, and from the difficulty of dividing the work into portions ; and the time occupied in cor recting is very much greater with the proposed logotypes than with the present, owing to the compositor not be ing able to overrun the lines or divide the words with the same facility. In distributing, although the "inventor" asserts that it may be done by any little boy able to read, it turned out that it occupied two boys a longer time than was taken by the compositor. It is to be regretted that ne inspec tion was made of the way in which this was executed, for we have no doubt that from the number of compart ments (1620)in Major Beniowski's case (or "authoriton," as he terms it), the work was most incorrectly done, and that after a day's work, the whole case would be in confusion, making it impossible for the lady to proceed with composition. Boys can distribute in the cases at present used, and we have no doubt much better than in those of Major Beniowski's ; but we should like to know what compositor would consider his work facilitated by such assistance. We are at a loss to conceive how there can be any saving in the expense ; for we have seen that while the whole time occupied in composing, reading, and correct ing a page for press by the present method was only 34 hours, that taken by those engaged in the new process was no less than 5 hours, to which, if one hour necessary for reading and correcting be added, will be 6i hours, or nearly doubled. Major Beniowiski however, it seems, relies for cheap production not so much on the actual time consumed, but on the very low wages he would pay; but in this he displays a knowledge of political economy and the laws which regulate wages about as complete as his knowledge of printing ; for if the enormous number of hands he represents were to he brought into requisi tion, the demand for their labour would compel him to raise their wages ; besides, he would find a much greater amount of skill necessary than he seems to imagine, and this would cause another rise, for when a lad fount himself useful he would demand an increase of wages, which must be given in proportion to the difficulty there might be in supplying his place. Also let any one read ! the truthful description of the protracted labour necessary for the production of a blue book, given in another column, and say whether it would not be the greatest inhumanity to condemn boys to such unceasing toil. It, then, the appearance of the work would be far in ferior to that at present executed ; if, instead of gaining time it should he the reverse ; if correctness is to bs disregarded, and a slovenly system substituted, what inducement can there be for a Government to adopt the extraordinary course of buying the patent from the " inventor ?" If the system possesses any portion of the merits its advocates claim for it, it needs no patronage from Government for its success—on the contrary, all our most important inventions have been brought forward by private individuals, who have never found difficulty in providing funds for any scheme posses*. iug merit ; and if its promoters are so confident, why do not they give in a tender for the execution of Parliamentary printing, and realise the fortune we are told they might ? We should think that the fact of there being found 4 practical master printer to advocate the inventio f n (while to the so many condemn it), would be sufficient p committee introduction me t could be e ws f f c - h e h r a c e o t t m e oe whatever by s m t t a a h t lae y m, improve. be me n s a t i in d ofth theire aopposition threateningo surely i ( f asm a o s ng th o e th p e a r tr c o a n l s um o n f, of to journeym en supe supersede e t ' e o t areheld in • combinationof those ' in a state of thraldom by the an additional their employ, that would only be, _ , reason . i es Major),the masterß e n i ow s k printers ' s why they should emancipate them ( especially if the should promise to be eager to acolii, any system which ispenseet with.) Con. of their su from the sequently, the withholding. sent scheme must be considered its strongest condent " old hands" can be nation. hwe consider the re c e n t trial,fa r But although iow k a so as it experience, but manuscript of major Ben sI 8 apparatus to be a complete went, — • failure, we contend that, in order fully to test its merits, ar!ntirisly cl* , trials should be made on various kinds of work • not only, should. the simplest kind be selected, which, we tda;ted, admit, may be done either system, e f y a r b i o y us persons kinds should of but merits of and tabular matter should be composed ; for if, the system is applicable to Parliamentary p abli r set i t n itsl t re i i n se g) let the various kinds of matter usually com prised in such work be tried. When the comparative sailing vessels are tested, trials of the various methods o f sa ili ng are ma d e — as, b e f ore th e w i n d, against the wind, &c. We contend that, in the present instance, similar trials should also be made, and we are confident that on every trial the absurdities of the pro posed scheme would be more apparent, and that in a short time it would be condemned to oblivion.---Typo. graphical Circular. * This was the lowest calculation, and does nob include the reader's time for revise, or the Major's for correcting revise. + The width of the measure, an awkward one for a com• positor not used to it, was in favour of Major Beniowskra sys t em , as giving fewer lines to pass and space out ; and this was further improved upon by the lady compositor, who, contrary to the usual practice, made each answer commence a paragraph, instead of running it on after the eitesitoi. H A RROW SCHOOL.—A number of tho old pnpile of Harrow dined together at the Freemasons' Tavern on Wednesday evening. The ball was elegantly decorated f or the occasion. The chair was occupied by Sir Ro ber t reel, Bart., supported by the Hon. F. Ponsonby , M!*. A, Staffo r d, M.P., L or d G ar li es , th e Rev- Francis F. A. Sankey? C. S Trench, R ev . T. 0. Bl ac k a ll, C a pt a i n Sapte, Rev. J. N. Simpkinson, Rev. W. Osenham, Rev. J. Drury, Messrs. H. Haggard, J. P, Broughton, Ourrer, ac. Ni l MO 20A 100 20 100 100 100 20 20 50 50 100 100 13i is all 11718. 1 2 all 13 all 10 131 i '4ll all 20 50 20 25 67k k 72 i 29 8 1081 1131 9i i 21 65i 3i 4