The Sun. — London, England, 1815-09-08 00:00:00

I „•,.,...o_ ••••. ect., u , TND R..: PO RT OF TIDE DUKE OF ° ILANTO 1:C) THE IN - - I' it p il y t-- t KING °I” P RANCE. .REGARDING lOU. OF THE KINGDOM 411tt,.1 have laid before your 11 . lajesty the si- Nat' kit s; I°4 Of you r k ingdom, as it regards foreign ar the disord ers to which- I had the honour of nf calline yotir attention are temporaql. resignation I tlotlerates them, time w ill repair 'therm; their se tallse is kn own, but there are others more kelt, a p i cture of which it i b s my duty tobring : 4(1-er Yoe'. view. P rance is at war with herself ; " re threatened with all the cal am iti es that can . t 41Se f rom the rousin,, of pas s i on , an d t h e conflict Wortiition; 7 . • Ti os "'any political tempests that have ' . 4 fo r 9- • h their vit . )- ) -.4 years, have- scattered 'tis with a,e.ritat.ed. ie lie • public and ~ , e "Ito contending parties ; so many 'inste disputes, such a'discordance in actions, tilliles, and fears, have been the consequence, kt 4 l t t it is uote impossible to rally olesires, is by Iset ti,ll'' settle time opinions are also ralli ed, illrq to 111 tt i heart at rest ; and itisuring liteiests. Ali, l. trancpt t tc a „ • a "gel• or obstacle in of men of the ejeinent by which e l ,„ . e s'irtoutided (I). The majori t y li la , RY Ivlto have combated an d ove r t h rown ~. ran fur Pow er end to 1y lan Ali. t? , . soilzlit Only to put an would e 444, Eh, arbitrary government . ler he t , with their enemies. It is not merely surround but for the tliffe't't streggle of two governments, atact f utif iLe e of prinriples that war has again. amts, lit it 1 , 1 , 1 " La V endee ; t hev lay down the t.s.4rne kitti,ar.is riot ended ; an opPosition of the .t.7e .. i•is, ttoe4,"Etates and distiniteS all classes of - CI habi- Itti,,.° the Member s of every fancily. Itsi desire ks w e li n i s iii the most ardent passions, in t! o, till as in the fear of witnessing the triumph r „"Pitlie,,Q .. 4- 111)1i,, ~,' 9 4 i'' ''llatnities have servedonly a t C l l ll'iSii,4(le 'S ; the two parties either Ag-• threats to - augment r ~:i,4 te of rtil'et• by their reproaches and thei . r l‘i,es :).)Aitiolt. or urge themselves by then.,,i1'121:3„,,e th e i will sehetit to the King ,all at least."••.,,, ~..:. 4`,itti,i'l,'^'tage of submission but the one "' l _,, • R " ‘ e 't : t,lle condition of their ' fidelity the w'''''- °l44c't!e-.(l' the rights of the people, while, . lle tv en,.'„ °ll the contrary, 'wis h t o retrograue, t hat tl) 4 .- lite, .... - dispu t e, ,, short, I t itle .•., old be put . i ll ' past in their i t t voi lr . \ P'eseut should decide all tIA. , a'sie iv 4 tl e.. I"'ltted, it would be now said, o . il ... .. con t4itlaLt, st'at e of publi ininion that _France • se t ,wo ea t i - C ' • . ',.- ~ etch other • (it ons coat eliding .agaills‘(Hs_ I ,, c ' le e t''l l l'e ' more of fury is only necessary to , mea 's ,! social comp;tet, and. a few false I' l lr tt i 4 t - t he part at Government, are only re- Olt • (;;Pr"Ottee a general cotifi4gration.• tl ,:t 'Lew nf 0 ate of public opinion' and tiig,,,e4flict 4he state . re found (its ite..estiii,,, ~,,. passions, there variouse depart -14 "It, I,,,'"tt'"4(les bet we'en the . fte,lll 'eee the ei trzens,and the al•mies, h ere Parties and the faction?. and i'renee ; 4re mer e .1 ' t he centre of 1 ':irie ~beclielice wi c il a in in p upt ;, but the ' k41,t1 , 11 [ 114 " lie cousidie)te-edn't“tlrisetinlc(t)tclass(3). It , is 4 4 ' II': ',-tre),aial" l onger . be the rule aril t blcki uce s ; since a factitious opinion I exatt l i le p r ie e • 'ict Y telte s I - r ea l Op inion, each k„ Y ° lett ! h ' "t °tee nt a 1it444411. t " . ds an xiliaries and accomp licesa ra.e. 1,4411 fry 1711inlih ; every thing is to he 1.,,,..‘,. vil'ees i t, Ilk its slightest agitations, while .‘ " at t!. ,11.11/4LN innst perfect repose can tee -1,',1:11 ~, Y . .• give but a and your 17,Nty,11.:th has evinced moderation, en: ; liich,„;l.S.received some proof s of attactineeitl. • It:lt.i,t ,i,",t'. of its. itiltabitants renders it . sus (t ___ tl. t 111 (in t4th `ntee ; a' coustit titional 1' Cginlet .1,1, .l: wis} --verument of the King, tl i 's "f fli t 1 the North" would gtatity trt. west e ( eparintents o f . ttas . ; a k,, r ' t Merl!. Presylits a frightful cor .- t Li: t ''zit „ )e . rh"f persons iii La 'Vendee' -in-•, iti,:.":.l roictou, are 'devoted to. the . le.t.i . g, t ,' tttt 'tole terror or from passion, for t he ~ t___.1..,1 tee ) 4 1e ~,,'ItY -years -ti . have . -wool re, t -41, 1 . t -, .1. tt .. .ii y . ~. cause Of t.ittli. y.,.e., licieet regime w ith the con -1.-,1.-,1 It ii , k .1 ' T haps an i mpriident , zeal wo uld . . .. t4ltllati klitanta,,, to calculate Olt this a rm e d ' l t I, "", ti a 1 I anti igno" 4% rtas,,,i tie eredidrins, simple, .. . 4 1; ‘lii e , tuts, made soltliers tiy a long civil Wa . r , , Ali Jet e ti , , • ~ ' ik i .(111. , Itch v' %Lir CinetS with the most blind soh -11 an err ' ii, Il ) r Oug ht to claim. the .at l'::e sol O d f ie Y ("lir Maje°sty. 'rhe employment of titllt hots,.toe support of su c h a 1 at my wo uld e l ,: se t 111;.ett cause without redemption, because t . tl t.:l 4t et. r ,.' l. ,e ell evident project of - placing t it. Q4ltit','4l •."Itliioii on the 'fltrone. It is, n,e,veisr l'e,t),(,)t.t° he believed that ()pillion wont" " 14, : i . % Ilerit to these departments. Armed leilera ktqlllit e been there for tired ; one part of the 11,,1.,,,tZe4)(1)Pr".5.(1 to the country, and those who ti-Ith,„ resist whoever should attempt to (Hs' lt 1 ./ 1 I ". , toyai i ~" i ~,,le of the' South breaks out in at at,.. 'caea bailds penetrate into the towns and Aq„,it.liiell,k‘. e,n'intry (5). Assassinations and "th liett-I'litti.,;tPY ; jest ic e is every where silent ; The. ,211iitit1 every where inactive ; the passions . 1,11,44ity f;;;410ne speak and are listened to: '['lie l'!;tt•,:qttilti terminating these disorders is urgent, , 11 ',Ili t ,:, tesistatice inovolted by such excesses ‘4t,lterS alit al applauded as the aggressi°". 14 \ I : S ' 1 i ("erS, the `Treater • put of the culla 'l'l ' . 4411° b . 1 ' th e ile , 1 ,, " of the inhabitants of the IN,ltti- ""le Protestant population, and those ll 'it lik itt (1-I.l"ea iteli.' - • -.' ~ • ted. The tie" i tts. ot tii _ ,) „ton are Intt.lPS. 1 4' . kttioli •I yrenees wish for neither tro ubl es . t W' r h ' L ye tist s • . Aittergne, although Sri hmiss!.. ttiixitrti, , it'stioilal sentiment only, and at tycnis" 1,::,, qte,„,,,,t,,' Pr evail.. . • . t, , :- e.,'; t it '1 th e L., . ' • • te„ e e it. astern frontier Alsace, Loraiec„. . _ ,Itilt'',,llt, .i.,.l,'.l4lnPieks, A. rdennes.- oi:l.lllpage:es: '44, (L`ii)gt: . tithe ( omte, and DatiPhlnY,' pi'. 1141.4 ttl ii,,,.(,)1. different kind. A 111"31 °Pl)°- 111‘.tt:ILteri`1,.°Vettititeitt Of the Royal IN 4leet6(aer''l• 'Twice invaded by foreigners, Dynasty is 04; ti —ll4lll ~ .iky i l , s have suffered more than t i tle . 'lll.,ltlliqi 'l4 rather gaitied than lost by the Pty :`` (le (Jitte-, .. , e, ce . , . t a t - 1114 ie s , lOC extent of their , rl,- L' , ' (Irvin tine Si N I • t4titit, of'"ede them still more ik, t it it; ' th e -. • • ... rs .-11t."-“Is 1 1 ~ es e ,).. . ancient posst.sso • 0. t , e 4iitli 0-ovitie , es that some errors t 1., ' It erS el ril V' • s e aNitig, b ei ng - .• , . .. cKt.R,(I IL Vial,' these that the war Wa's most national. , In this view I have only inserted the nihst pre opinions,. some of ..irlikh..are not without nature. The 'Nobh.sse and the Clergy, La Vets ' dtie excepted, have ..no where - any party. MI - France revolts at the excesses committed In -the South, by those hands that exclusively call them selves. Royal : even their existence is a state of re bellion (ti). Fanaticism, civil %.•ar, and the coon ter revOlutionary sentiment excite horror everywhere. Scareely.a tenth part of the French nation can -be tound who are willing to revert to the .old regithe, and scared a fifth part who are heartily devoted to legitimate -authority. This will not prevent the great majority from submitting sincerely to your Majesty in yo u r capacity of Chief . of the State. That submission will be lasting; in the course of time it will even assume the character of lOre and confidence, if France be constantly governed by liberal ideas, eminently constitu tional, and completely national. • On the . suppos,tion of civil war, the Royalists would reign absolute in ten departments ; in tit . - teen others the parties would be balanced; and in all the rest of Fr ince only a few handfuls of Royalists would be found opposed to time great mass of the people. There would he ‘ufficient means of forming a Royal army, bait how long would resistance be maintained, or even the foie-. lity of that army preserved which had been so much .reckoned upon ? There are besides a sufficient number of ancient Nobles, or of parti.ians of the Court in every departuient, to establish there an appearance of public opinion, and even a certain majority in the Electoral Colleges (7). It must be inferred that the party of the Noblesse is still of some importance, when the public functionaries employ all the efforts of Government to support themi is it deprived of that support, the popu lation absorbs it: 'some serious errors on this subject might circulate round. the throne, and for this reason I endeayour to excite attention to them. I shall have, other occasions to charac terise the purThe feeling : fought first to speak of the army. (8) Various motives ha repro(' uced the s uhmission. of the army ; iu somelhis submssion is a.sincere: return to their duty to time Icing ; in many others it is the effect of necessity ; in time greater numtrer it is a sacrifice made to the repose of France. It is now wounded and humiliated at beholdin.; its dismemberinoemt and dismissal. That army has been employed in inva.ion and congheSt ; rep( e is repouant ro it : ambition unbounded by for tune had rendered it enterprising, and thout.„ll it had no longer a't, its head as General that warlike Chief of, time State, it could not but long remem her its ancient standards. Ought we to strive to place it on harmonious terms with the other armies of Europe by giving it modest notions, a moral ' and monarchieal point of honour, a sort of reli gion for legitimacy ? Or indeed was it iothspensi bly necessary to disband turns ? This question ought not to he decided by time laws of rigorous jo,tice—we should rather consult the art of go yenning the future and the reason of state. The - fewer ole officers and soldiers there re, main in the new corps about to be formed, the more discontent and sedition_will be found in the midst of the-people. It will require a long time before the object is accomplishei of estranging - a new army from the interests of the old. 'rile civil, disturbances will become touch more serious in more stormy elements, and if the clash of the va rnms factions be survived, every thing will be in a state of preparation for a civil war : under the most lavourable supposition,. the disbanding- of the army will .ave the effect of recruiting the bri - ;;ands, anti it is impossible not to diicoVer a cause of terror in the mere fact of throwing upon an electric population already so lunch disturbed 200,000 men connected with so many familieS, who are tiros placed in opposition to the Govern- Ment (9). \ No ant horny could - withstand such an immense coalition of hatred,passion, and of shattered and discordant interests. Another danger will arise from the opposition 61 the political opinions of the parties and factions. There are draw-baclo in the march of ages, and in the pi ogress of civilization ; t he understand ing itself has its detractors, and when tl►ey lead to too precipitate and extensive changes it gives rise to resistance and continued agitations: . The great struggle of the Revolution is not yet finish ed by 25 years of subversion eAch of the ancient factions was not completely extviet when the in vasion of the Usurper revived the parties, dis closed new oneS, atid made a full discovery of the extent of the factions. To speak in the first - place only of the simple difference of opinion ;. if this difference be ex tremely %vide, if it produce a sort of rupture in the State, it is in vain for authority to govern in the sense which it believes prevalent ; another opi r nion collies across it which also pretends to be the public opinion :. a reign could not - be of loag continuance it it had only this minority in its favour, since even the support of the majority allow the strongest resistance to be kept up ; on the one side the sacrifice of their opinions will be difficult, and on the other impossible. It remains, therefore, but to chuse rightly, and to make rea son and justice triumph over old passions anti an cient prejudices. Similar contrarities doubtless, exist in the other states of Europe, but they do not refer to sucii mighty interests, nor unite them selves to so many other oppositions. Atter this danger conies that of parties, without calculating the Royalists, who are found in the year 1815 trX be, what they were in 1789. Among the old parties the Republicans and the Constitu tionalists still subsist : if the RepubliCans have not. be e n undeceived with regard to all their princi ples, they have at least discovered tfte impossi bility of applying ;hem to a great State. Having thus ceased to be dangerous to the power of mo narchy, they became so to Buonaparte only on account of his tyranny, and with a very few •ex ceptions Buotiapartists would be found in the ranks of the Republicalis*. This would be to com mit a great error ; they are not less opp ose d to the government of the Ici ng, having some da l catty in believing that a dynasty that haS suffered so much by the Revolution, and- which has strug gled so king, can prevail upon itself either to par- • Therc seems to be au error of the Presi here, titan, .tO forg:4, to deny its doitrinet. by giting sufficient guarantees for public libel iy. This. nuitive alone haS 'recently induced them to_ la.ke,tti-kat in all tire•rneaures that had lot-object theseptdsion- of the Bourbons ; that an impassa ble-bv.rier- is raised betttveen the pasi and the pi•e selii ;. that pablic should be established on an immutable basis, ‘Vith ftese e(inditiO,s there is -notblnp, to be apprehended .friltit the itcpubli carts ; they %:voultt even become the firmest su- - porters oldie Govenithent: The Contitutionalists-are only 'a party . to this exception, inasmuch its they are' opposedto . the Royalists and defend • the . rights of the people against them, as they were established during time revolution; for every thing i • n ti►e last 25 years has not been illusion or crime. A stop has been put to glaring abuses and odi ous privileges, sage principles have been conse crated, and just barriers opposed to a power which had no restraint but its own discretion. It is . oot under thispoint of view, that we are in opposi tion with Europe. What a It:volution would not have produced would have been obtained by the progress of knowledge alone. Now that .Franc-6 is acquainted with her rights, how can she be made to retrograde ?.• It' must first be•in the power of man to destroy and forget his own ideas, to create for himself oilier truths and another kind of evidence.' The Constitutionalists revere tilSo the principle of legitimacy. Two Monarchical Constittitions have been framed - . in Friince since 17S9—both have consecrated the principle of a hereditary thro.to.; but because both gives'ihe right to suc ceed to the throne, must we conclude that it trans mits a power without limits ? Does it perpetuate the manner of governing because it perpetuates - the dynasty ? And is there not'a distinctiOn to be • made.between ,the designation of the Prince and the.nature of his authority ? The first is undoubt edly regulated by birth ; but - the second can only be regulated by national laws. Such are the prin ciples of- t he -Coast itutionalists. This party, however; and this must not be dis sembled, this party, altbongh it does not hesitate to Filinnit; has never ceased during a twelvenionth to he in oppdsition to the King's GOvernment.--- ln 1814 it was chiefly the Constitutionalists who ccusured violently, who attacked incessantly the most of the measures and acts of anthOrity ; and when such a struggle has once begun, when the multitude take part in it,. a revolution.;:s not far. off. This oPposition brought out a number of parties - who had never before themselves. It was generally said that the reign of the Bour bons wonld not be of long duration, that a crisis was approaching either from some enterprize of the Court, or a mOvetnent of the people. Some spoke at that time of calling a foreign Prince to the throne. others declared themselves in favour of the Duke of Orleans, a greater number still for the Itegeocy ; it scented that a sort; of moral Revolu tion had already taken place in the minds and hearts, ansl this circumstance, added to the treach ery, explains only too well the facility with which Budnaparte replaced himSclf on the throne, and the impossibility it) which the - Court then was of de fending tiaentselees. another moment - less de cisive, that where Buonaparte gave in his abdi cation, the same opposition to the King's Go vernment was manifested in the Constitutional party with still more force than the former time. ‘vhy can 1 not avoid laying theSe details before your Majesty ? But how is it possible to save the Monarchy, if we are' not thoroughly acquainted - with the evil, and with every danger ? There is not a foreign Prince whom - at this momeut the party in question would not have preferred obtain ing or receiving from the hands of the Allied Powers, The prepossession bad reached. such a• heighth th.rt.there was but one exclusion ;—that of the family of our ancient Kings. Your Majesty can not•help considering as a seditious act, - the De claration. of the Clrindacr of Representatives, which tended to regulate the royal power before the throne was filled. The truth is, however, that a multitude of Frenchmen participate in the same blindness and the same resistance, because they had the same fears. • Every one demanded conditions, every one dreaded re-actions and yen gea9evS ; 'they . wished. guarantees, not against your. iNlaje,ty, Whose wisdom and moderation were known, bat against, the pretensions so well known, .itritl so often announced, of those who froM their access to the throne, may one day have the oppportanity and perhaps the power of mak ing theiwtriumph. What obstacles will not this fatal disposition of minds produce ? 1 have only entered into such painful detail, to arrive at this consequence---The acts of the Government will he again attacked; they are so, already ; and this controol, with re spect to principles„passes for a right and' even for a duty, when it is exempt front bad intentions. Political doctrines are in the present day so gent rally diffused in France, that the people imagine themselves competent - to decide uu - them.—A demi-liberty, partial conditions appear as insup portable as the .most absoluto power-=they would exeite the same commotions. NVilat 1 have al ready said of the public spirit of the departments, has shears that in sonic provinces the Constitu tional Party prevails more or less. This same .party attracts also more and . more _notice among certain classes of citizens: The old rich families are in general more devoted tt.) the King t it is the same in the tribunals among the people of the law, nod the higher • commercial classes : 00 the .other band, it is th e great maioi-ity of the inferior citizens (petite bourgeoisie), retailers, and petty pro prietors, who are Constitutional, because they have had the greatest share in the Revoltation. The purchasers of national estates, and the firrtri•- lies of. soldiers add a great. force to that party ; but what gives 'it ,more especially an irresistible preponderance,i•is the Mass of peasantry, who are at present Very enlightened anti its easy circum stances, whose situation has been ameliorated by the Revolution : it reconcilable enemies of the nobles'am clergy. _Passion calculates the streN th of parties differently, and arrives in fact at other results. In such calculations the people) , pass . for nothing.. • I.tlo not in chu,c. toe i.liociapartivs in the num ber of I. l artis---therc are none—there can no Longer be any ;Buonapartists, except in a small poition of the army. It is not. from attachment 10' t t te I/14 VI this party, it is still less from He. lily that in th month of ?larch at part of France Was seen to associate themselves for a moment witlt . bi . s destinies .. i his 4nc,- e:iorely; iii be regal oy some its a ,fibcrator, by others as an just! 'uncut ; and .thiS - instrument gave U 3 thucti grater rea sbus fni• fear than for lscipe. -There can be no party without a clite.t. .13noMiparte only had three iti , ",ittlis of a new existence by events which cannot ag a i n b e r en e we d. All the rt. mai:is of the BinSnapar l tists are, therefore, confounded in the ranks of the ConstitntionaliSts aod Republicans.. 1 Z•linnt. ,. to the fac't'ions.—lt is prinipally under this point of view that.the situation of yotir Ma jesty is:attende'cl: with danger. It is evident that • there — are two great factions in. the State. The one defends the principles 'of the Revolution, .and the ot,lier-ainfs at a Counter-revolution (10). The force of the two factions may h e meastoed. Iti the one there are the Nobles'andthe Clergy, the ancient possessors Of nation a l estates, the Elul grat-ts;-- tile old . ROvaliSts, and all that remains or the old Parliamems—enlightened Men, %vitt) sin cerely, because they have leafned nothing ( - 11) for 23 years, cannot comprehend how their old ledge should be . deficient ; a certain number also who cannot pardon %( , hat they have abhorred, or who prefer their repose to everything, and have no hope of regaining it but in the old regithe; lastly, empassioned writers; and individuals Nrboni a sprit of hatred impels always to violent melt- . sures—to extremities.—in the.other party is ak most' the whole of France—the Constitutionalists and the Republicans, the actual Airs , and the People, all the discontented clases; and even a moltirtn;e olgood Frenchmen, lint less enliiiliterted than attached to their King—but who are con vinced that every attempt of counter-revolution, and even'a simple tendency to th' e old regime, ' would becoine the signal of- an explosion similar to that of 1789, and would ' , ave the same result. It is no longer a question of mere one of the t%vo factions is ininotion—hostillies Corn lIICIIce—La Vendee is arganiSed—trm ! ,ps are raising in the. South, with colon's whiCh are not even ruyal ; and already bands have `made their appearance in - Languedoc ands PrOVence. - They, seeltalso. to, influence opinions. Eitel, in' the ea.: pit4those Who are desirous of a counter-revolu-' Lion, say so openly, which is a manner of ,del• paring Elie' 'minds. At a . greater distance, the high-flown Royalist spreads his doctrines, and .doesnot<disemble his proFets. The ether faction, which looks on the . tion of these projects as impossible; does riiii yet act. But will this inaction continue long ? and what wid happen if the combat commences ? Un-„, defsuch . grave circumstances, it becomes my duty to eXpreSs iny'undisguised opinion to your Majesty. So long as France shall -be occupied by foreign. troops, their presenCe may cons t r ain, to a certain point, the popular party ; the royal authorities may also, by theirt.igilance, retard the danger but the moment would come when all the obstacles would be 'borne down : a civil tvar, when . the cause of the King is the pretext, may last a little Conger, but at length the mass of the people would. be triumphant. No person is more convinced than your •Majes ty, that it is imposible to return to the old doc trines of the Monarchy. All the elements of the old regime have disappeared. There-was then no national estates recognised —power was 'Modified . by the manners—it was regulated as it were, and restrained by habits .and usages. If there were no fixed laws, there were Maxims of government —; - here was an inviolable code of moderation, of mildness, of equity, and urbanity—no passion was let loose —every person was formed tor' his situation, or supported it without regret. A single remark may serve to shew the difference between that time and ours. An import, more or leis, then Constituted the reputation of an Intendant, the• glory of a Minisrcr, the eclat of a reign. Will it be said that France was only the more happy 1, It ‘vill remain to he e:•.(lained then how the Re volution happened to be prepared in these happy tinies--htit - 10' what purpos'e these discussions ? The old regime - cannot be re-established. ,The greatest fault which governments can commit is not to distinguish between what is possible and' what is not: To be at war during a whole reign, is not reignin. . _ _„. To conceal nothing on this subject from your Majesty, I will still add that no particular con spiracy menace , you at the present moment. Our dangers proceed only from our situation; hut we' may conceive in thought a conspiracy, of w hick the •success - would be infallible, and of which the designs could neither be prevented not foreseen. lt %void(' be that of a Ministry or a party at Court, who, trom the grossest errbr, or the most blind de votion to the Royal cause, should counsel or fa- , vont a plan Of counter-revolution. Every plan of " this nature would overturn the throne again with , a crash, and destroy, perhaps, even (12) our last" hope of the dynasty of our Kings. false remark has often been made on the subject of the old regime, namely,.that the French wjio have supported the tyranny of Buooaparte, woold . support much more : easily the whole extent ' .of the Royal power. They are here mistaken in . many respects, because . the position of Buons-•••• parte has never been known to foreigners ; his tyranny was . not our - work, but that of Europe it was the Sovereigns wit() consolidated his power by their treaties, their alliances-, and even by their friendships ; and even if we had resisted him . , the other nations Woulta have ranged theM selves tinder his eagles, or bumbled themselves', before him. Always more afraid 'of the interior. than forcizor countriesOte knew' well that' . if he had artnies against the Kings, he_had no power against public opinion. It was by foreign obe- • dieneethat.he endeavoured to bend us tinder the yoke. ke haS - ditched to more than cult Victory, to have an additional means 'of re-acting on France. A Conqueror without, he was, unquiet within—every public assembly made him tremble. Lastly, there were always in the midst of his ' Court - anti in his Counsels men of courage, w!ro, • without disobeying the Monarch, at least binved... theiDespot. Supposing ,even that •been more patiently supported than it w as , ca the same subm expected ission be now his tyranny had' cted ? He con trived to make us forget by - Substituting glory it . titeait.l We ,had, nothing to dread under his reign, neither fr9m the Clergy, nor the N o hi cs, ,,,, t h e ii, ca igrants (1:3). If he stacc:edeci in