The Sun. — London, England, 1855-12-13 00:00:00

MADAME JENNY GOLDSCHINITIDT-LIND. EXETER-HALL, Monday Evening, Dec 17. Mr. MITCHELL respectfully announces that Mendelssohn's Ora orb° of ELIJAH will be performed on Monday next, Dec. 17. Principal Singers : Madame GOLDSCUMIDT, Miss Messent, Mr. Lawler, and Miss Dolby, Mr. Lockey, Mr. H. Hraham. Doors open at Seven, to commence at Eight o'clock. Haydn's Oratorio of THE CREATION will he repeated on Thurs day, Dec. 27, in which Madame Goldschmldt will sing the principal Soprano part. The Chorus and Orchestra for these performances will consist of more than 000 performers. Conductor, 31. Benedict. Prices of admlsslon.—seats in the Area, Seven Shillings ; West Gallery and Body of the Ha ll, Ten Shillings and Sixpence ; Reserved and Numbered Seats, 1/. ls. All applications in reference to Mr. and Madame Goldschmidt's intended Concerts, either in London or the Provinces, to be addressed to Mr. Mitchell, Royal Library, 33, Old Bond-street, London. MJULLIEN'S CONCERTS. . ROYAL ITALIAN OPERA, COVENT-GARDEN. HERR KCMG'S BENEFIT—THIS EVENING. Most positively the Last Night but Two. Herr Kcenig has the honour to announce that his Benefit will take place THIS EVENING (Thursday Dec., 13), on which occasion the following most attractive Programme will be performed :—Overture, II Flauto Magic° ; Le Comte Ory Quadrille ; the Andante from Beethoven's Symphony in C minor ; La Prima Donna VaLse ; 0 luce di quest' anima, and The Forest Fairy, sung by Madame Gassier; The Ratiplan Polka ; Solo, Cornet-a-pistons, The Exile's Lament, by Herr Kcenig (his last appearance this season) ; Grand Quadrille, the Fall of Sebastopol, assisted by the Military Bands; grand Selec ti from Verdi's Opera, II Trovatore (last time); the Pelissier March ; Irish Melody, The Last Rose of Summer, sung by Miss Ellen Williams; Solo, Flute, by Kerr Reichart ; and Vlve l'Empereur Galop. Commence at 8. Promenade and boxes, Is. ; dress circle, 2s. 6d. ; private boxes, 125., 11.15., and 11. Ile . 6d. M. Julllen's Grand Annual Bal Masque will take place en Mon day next, Dec. 17, 1855. THEATRE ROYAL, DRURY-LANE. Lessee, Mr. E. T. Smith. THIS EVENING, Will be performed KATHERINE AND PETRUCHIO. Kathe rine, Miss Glyn ; Petruchlo, Mr. Barry Sullivan. After which, TAKE THAT GAL AWAY, in which Mr. Chai. Mathews will appear. Followed by PATTER VERSU3 CLATTER. Captain Patter, Mr. C. Mathews. To conclude with a Ballet Divertissement. TIIEAT RE ROYAL, II AY MARKET. Uader the Management of Mr. Buckstone. THIS EVENING, Will be performed THE MAN OF MAST FRIENDS. Princi pal characters by Messrs. Buck tone, Corspton, W, Farren, Howe, Misses Reynolds and Chaplin, and Mrs. Poynter. After which, the Spanish Dancers. Followed by THE LITTLE TREASURE. After which, a BALLET, by the Spanish Dancers. To conclude with FISH OUT OF WATER. ROYAL I'itINCKAS'S TREA.TRE, OXFORD-STREET. Under the bianagement of Mr. Camas, JUAN. THIS EVENING Will be performed tha Historical Play of LOUIS XI. Louis (King of France), by Mr. C. Kean. To conclude with THE MULETEER OF TOLEDO. Principal characters by Messrs. W. Lacy, Harley, Everett, Raymond, and Cooke; Miss C. Leclercq, Mrs. W. Daly, and Miss Murray. THEATRE ROYAL ADELPHT. Proprietor, Sir. B. Webster.—Directress, Madame Celeste. TILTS EVENING, Will be performed JANE r P AIDF, Characters by Messrs. B Webster, P. Bedford, Selby, Bland, Moreland, Garden, C. J. Smith and lie :ley ; Madame Celeste, Miss Mary Keeley. To conclude with VALENTINE AND ORSON. ElY.B.f. OLYMPIC THEATRE. THiS EVEINING, Will be performed SPILL WATERS DEEP. Followed by REWARD. To conclude with CATCHING A MER%!AID. ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE. Lessee, 'tr. J. 11. Anderson, 18, Norfolk-street, strand. LAST FEW DAYS. Increased Attractions, and success in equal ratio 1 TIII3, AND EVE :Y EVENING, at Eight o'Clock, Will Se presentel, with entirely New and Munificent Appoint ments, NIAGIC and MYATERY, in twelve acts, arranged in two parts, by Professor Anderson. - - After which, the startling illustrations of Spirit-Rapping. TI IT,Ir- A`T-l - 101,'R WI NI TEIE SPIRITS, being the most surprising and I qteresting series of experiments ever given within the walls of any theatre. Revival, in an imorovei form, of the astoundinz novelty which at srtled London 10 years ago, the GREIT GUN TRICK ! Prices of almission:—Prlysts B )V:3, 1 l le. 6d. and 11. le. ; Orchestra Stalls, 4s. ; Dress Boxes, 35.; Upper Boxes, 25.; Pit, s ; Gallery, 6(1. No Half-price. Box-office open from 11 to 5 daily. grand Mornin; Performance on Saturday Next at Two o'Clock. Doors open at Ilalf-past One. ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE. Lessee and Manager, Mr. Wm. Cooke. Immense success of Rockwood ! This spirited and exciting Hip,,olrome (with Turpin's Ride to York) embraces the principal events of Ainsworth's Rockwood. THIS EVENING, TURPIN'A RIDE to YORK; or, the Heir of Rookwood. Hair breadth escapes of Turpin. Terrific leap over a five-barred gate by the mare Black " Bess," traine4 by Mr. William Cooke. L-st Week of Mlle. Clementine Bonnier in the SCENEA of the CIRCLE. Mr. J. 11. Cooke's FLIGHT of the BRIDGE, &c. To conclude with a number of Amusing Entertainments. Gigantiz preparations are making for the Grand Christmas Panto mime, written by Mr. Nels In Lee. ' - ox-office open from Eleven till Four. Stage Manager, Mr. W. West. Equestrian Director, Sir. W. Cooke. Inn. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. TRIR DAY—Morn. 17 min. aft. 4—Evening 39 min. an. 4 T)-Moßncw—Morn. :3 min. aft. s—Evening 29 min. aft. 5 TEE WEA.TIIER—Sus OFFICLE, Dec. 13. THERMOMETER, IN THE SIIADE. bigbest since noon yesterday. 30 -owest this morning and during the night. 36 -this day at noon. BAROMETER, 30.10. WINT, N.W.—Moderate, with sharp frost. f,. _ • • 9 1 ,4 fla , • < _ • „,,v)%+4,,,k, LONDON, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 13, 1855, THE RUMOURED FALL OF KA.RS, SUN OFFICE, Three o'Clock. Een as yet nothing certain is known as to the Fall of Kars. No official intimation upon the subject has yet appeared. Something positive one way or the other may transpire during the course of the evening. A Cabinet Council, it may be observed, is now sitting at the Foreign-office, and we shall, of course, be Tigilantly watchful for the earliest authentic information vouchsafvd by the Government. We cannot affect to regret the acquittal of Father VLADIMIR PECHERINE ; in fact we are glad of it. The folly of Bible burning was only surpassed by the folly of prosecuting it, and the greater folly has got its reward. No one will suppose we defend the insensate fanaticism of the Redemptorists ; respectable Catholics disown it as much as we do ; it was degrading for any man of education and good breeding to do or to coun tenance the doing of suck a thing. We may add that, in this case, wkere the offenders knew that the volumes burnt were to a great extent a faith ful translation of originals held sacred by all Christian churches, the transaction, even in the most Catholic view of it, has an offensive bravado of impiety about it which must disgust all serious minded teen. Every one who has read the two must be aware that no honest admirer of the Douay version can regard the authorised version with contempt ; just as no admirer of the autho rised version, which, with every minor defect, is the most exact version of the originals in exist ence, can yet despise the frequently felicitous ren derings of the Douay translation. None but the illiterate rabble, and those who woo the rabble, could be guilty of so irreverent and wanton an act as to burn either. The infamy sought to be at tached to the book can only attach to those who insult it. All this, however, is rather a reason fur letting the self-degraded alone. Their acts carry their Own punishment with them. But, more than this, We maintain that no other punishment is appro priate to the offence. We have no faith in help ing the ArArroary by judges' charges, juries' ver dicts, and civil penalties. Does any ono believe that the Author of our faith approves of such aid ? Had PONTIt7S PILA.TE not only followed up his convictions and acquitted Him, but offered to imprison all who insulted him, does Judge CRAMP TON believe he would have accepted his services Had NERO proposed to imprison those who burnt PAUL'S Epistles or the Gospels, had they then existed, would l'Atit, have thanked him ? We 1 must think that all prosecutions iu defence o f Christianity or the Bible are worse than useless : THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 13, 1855. they are anti-christian. They are a resort to weapons forbidden to Christians in defence of their cause. It were quite another thing had the foolish Father taken a Protestant's Bible from him and burnt it, or had he caused him any personal an noyance and injury. The law should protect every penny of our property, and hold our per sons inviolate ; but this saint, with a Russian name, only burnt bibles, which were his own, either by gift or purchase, and surely he had a right to do what he would with his own. Grave Judges and Crown Lawyers, however, manufac ture a civil crime out of a Catholic's ill-bred and irreverent use of his own property. The pro perty belongs to the Catholic, but he must con sult Protestants as to his use of it. This appears to us to be sheer folly. The worse folly, how ever, is the elevation of a vulgar bigot to the rank of a martyr or a victor, and defending Divine Truth by the profane weapons of common law. If the Bible be of GOD it wants not the official protection of Mr. KEOGH and Judge CRAMPTON. Its dignity is lowered by their interference. It was burnt by DIOCLETIAN and others long before the time of the Redemptorist Father and the Judge, but it never yet sustained dishonour by the fires of the hater, or despiser ; too precious to be purified, too heavenly to perish, the flames have but proclaimed its immortal worth ; and at the present time the Sacred volume enjoys an ex tent of circulation, with a degree of honour and influence, which it never had. before. All that could burn at the hands of those who fear it can be replaced in a few revolutions of the steam press, by the mechanics of trade ; but the holy revelations the book contains are beyond the power of Father PECHERINE to disgrace, or of our courts of law to defend. The Popish fanatic could wheel the paper and print in his barrow to the fire, but he could do no more ; the judge could protect the paper and print by law, but could do no more. The mistake of each was kin dred ; one thought he could discredit eternal truth by physical insult, the other that he could defend it by physical force. Divine truth itself smiles equally on either vain attempt ; of the two it fears more from such a defender than from the enemy. As to the trial itself, it is clear the jury could but acquit ; no one doubts that the accused was guilty of the act, but it is equally free from doubt that it was not brought home to him by legal evidence ; whether this were by " management" or not, we are unconcerned to inquire, since we are glad of the result. His conviction and punish ment would have made him a far greater man, and created more bitterness against the sacred book which would have been the innocent causo of it. It is worthy of note that his escape was just by those means in which Irish peasants, and many Irishmen above that rank, exceedingly de light. Nothing pleases Paddy more than beating the law in its own courts. It is pleasant to him to defy it by force, but to fight it, and evade it, when beyond all doubt guilty, is with him the masterpiece. He exults infinitely more in acquittal though evidently guilty, than in proved innocence ; so now it is three cheers for The Redemptorist Father, and three more for the Bible burner who beat the Judge and his Attorney-General—if, indeed, he really beat the latter. We earnestly commend the admirable letter of Mr. J. C. SALT-which will be found in another part of this day's impression—to the attentive consideration which it so eminently merits. Mone tary Reformers are greatly indebted to the Times for having elicited this clear and convincing state ment on a topic of such vital consequence to the best interests of the community. Mr. SALT is not the man to be put down by sneers or sickly attempts at wit. He grapples fairly with the question, and points out distinctly and unequivo cally the serious evils which the industrious classes have endured, and are enduring, through the effects of the unwise and impolitic law now in operation—a law more injurious to the best inte rests of the community than the War in which we are involved. The bullionist organ having thought proper to indulge in a little jocose personality again st Mr. SALT, could not refuse from publishing his reply, and our readers will concur with us in thinking that the Leviathan has by no means the best of the contest. The Times fancies that it has ma to a hit in catching at the words " I promise to pay," as if that payment could not possibly be made in any thing but gold. It seems to forget that for twenty-two years such promises passed current throughout the country, and that by means thereof England was able to maintain the gigantic struggle in which she was then involved, and to bring it to a successful termination. Gold was then a commodity which varied in price like any other article of merchandise, which was bought and sold in the market. The 1/. notes, which circulated freely from hand to hand, although merely issued by a trading corporation, were never refused, or treated as " worthless rags," simply because the parties to whom they were tendered knew that they could get rid of them at any mo ment, and that the possession thereof gave the fortunate holder a command over all the nece* saries and comforts of life proportioned to the nominal amount thereof. These notes were re quired solely for our internal commerce, and, as ' the Times has acknowledged, there was no neces sity for gold " being held against them." When gold was required to adjust the balances of trade with other nations it could easily be obtained at its pro per price, and we believe that from 1797 to 1819 there was not a single instance of persons who po3- seseed Bank of England notes being unable to convert them into bullion at its fair market price. There was, therefore, no inconvenience nor annoyance. Our merchants prospered, and every w e ll-di sposed operative was certain of obtaianirindgatyli,satwwagheicshfowraa Industry was his highest ambition—" f fair day's work." y thrived, and the na tion was enabled to sustain enormous burdens dao "promises of every o through the beneficial operation of pay, " that were accepted in liquidation public charge or duty, although not redeemable in bullion. It seems almost an act of insanity to discard an instrument that proved so useful in a very serious emergency. The currency quacks were not, how ever, content to leave well alone. They inter• fered with that which was really beneficial to the country, and practically doubled their own for tunes and the burden of every public and private debt throughout the entire Kingdom. They made the national industry dependent on the possessors of a commodity not procurable in England, or by British labour, and paralysed the creators and pro ducers of national wealth by unfair and impolitic restrictions on the circulating medium, which has been truly described as the very " life-blood of in dustry." We have witnessed the calamitous re stilts. We have seen working men cast out of employment and starving with their families, un profitably consuming the resources which, under a wiser and more equitable system, they might be largely augmenting. We have seen men of un questionable honesty and talent brought to the verge of ruin from fluctuations in the supply of bank-notes, and consequently of the value of money. We have seen even the Bank of England itself reduced to the most serious straits, and only saved in 1825 by the accidental disco very of a box of 1/. notes, and in 1847 by the virtual suspension of the Act of 1844. We wish to prevent the recurrence of such serious calamities—to provide a currency adequate to the wants and exigencies of the country, which will not be liable to such constant alternations. This can be accomplished solely by the issue of a really national note, based on, and proportioned to, the taxation and charges which the people will have to meet. If such notes be the only ones receivable in payment of taxes or duties, they must maintain their value. There will be a constant demand, and a with drawal from circulation of at least a million, or possibly a million and a quarter, per week. The issue should, of course, be controlled by parties responsible to Parliament. This would surely be better than placing it under the management of a body unconnected with the State, and who can act as their own fancies or personal interests indicate.: "I At present Great Britain is practically a partner with a trading corporation. By the Act which authorises the issue of the 475,000/. additional notes the profits thereof are to go to the Exche quer. This participation in profits practically constitutes a partnership. The nation is, there fore, liable for every debt c,f the Bank of England. This is not very creditable, even to a nation of shopkeepers. If notes are to be issued, they should be those of the State. Neither more nor less than Exchequer Bills, of convenient amount, the issue whereof should be regulated by Parlia ment itself. Hew the drainage of the metropolis can best be effected is still a great mystery. Long as the sanitary question has been before the public, and ample as have been the time and the opportunities for experiments calculated to lead to a definite con clusion, we have nothing before us but rival plans and a mass of contradictory testimony. Reliance we can place nowhere. On whichever side we turn there is cause for suspicion that the interests of the public are subordinated to the vindication of a theory. Moot the subject when you may, to any one who pretends to understand it, and you meet at once with the challenge, " Under which King, BEZONIAN ?—speak or die !" Do you side with the engineers or Mr. WARD ? Good cause have the public to reply, "A plague on both your houses." Such a state of things is most discreditable and injurious. If either of the rival plans were a monstrosity the task of selection would be easy. The mischief of the matter is, both have claims to attention, and we have no trustworthy data to enable us to decide as to their respective feasibility. Who wins or who loses, who triumphs or ►vho is abased, is per se a matter of indifference, but it is of the last importance that, when we are about it, we should have the work well and substantially done. The question of cost at the outset is altogether a minor consideration, since, if the work be ill done, a frightful expenditure will assuredly be entailed. Were iti otherwise Mr. WAaD's scheme would challenge immediate adoption. Instead of de manding more than a million and a half for the execution of what is required, he asks for little more than one-half that amount—a serious consideration as times go, if you could be satisfied that the scheme would answer. Lean, however, to it but for a moment, and an all but overwhelm ing weight of engineering authority drags you back, however temporarily, something beyond your balance. " The quart into the pint bottle system " assails your ears, and you are stunned with the most emphatic assurances that the pipes are sure to be a failure, and a source of never-ending expense. That the pres sure from above in crowded streets will speedily demonstrate their fragility, and the operation of their contents the insecurity and permeability of their cohesion, if the introduction of an old beaver has not already demonstrated their utter inapplicability by choking them up. That, in brief, Mr. WARD is the legitimate successor of the renowned conjurer, who set the million agog by promising to jump into a pint bottle ; but with th's difference—he would try. If in your state of vacillation, you turn to Ms: WARD and direct his attention to the scheme of. the Engineers, pointing out the all-sufficing area and substantial construction of the tunnels, you are met with the assurance that the scheme involves a frightful waste—that tubes of a vastly smal!er diameter at half the cost would suffice, and that the scheme further involves the utter waste of the sewage, and in all probability does worse than nothing towards the purification of the Thames, objections not in the least applicable to his plan, experience having shown that it will answer while it provides for the separation of the sewage from the general drainage, in order to be sold for agricultural purposes, and suffers nothing but the harmless surface and subsoil drainage to low into the Thames. You turn to the Engineers, and the alleged result of Mr. WARD'S experience meets with a flat contra. diction. Under favourable circumstances piping, it is admitted, may be resorted to in connection with brick drains, but so far as the instances to which Mr. WARD refers are concerned the use of piping has proved a failure, while in reference to the sewage it is of no commercial value, and dis charged in admixture with the general drainage at Barking Creek, will be carried out to sea without a risk of its return to pollute yet further the already over-polluted stream. In this maze of contradiction which way are the public to turn for escape ? The time fast approaches when the Metropolitan Board will be called upon to pronounce a decisive verdict on the matter. If that verdict be arrived at under present circumstances, th• chances greatly pre ponderate that they will give their countenance to an enormous blunder. Would it not be well if the ratepayers, who have to pay the piper, called upon their respective representatives to urge the institution of an inquiry into the work ing of pipe drainage in the various parts of the Kingdom in which it has been tried. An inquiry which should be conducted by honest and intelli gent men, perfectly free from bias in either direction ; and should the results be con flicting, or should the peculiarities of London seem to render it advisable, to make trial of the plan in one or more localities? It may be worth their consideration, nevertheless, whether a better scheme than either may not be available, each on the face of it being open to ob jection. Apart from the possibility of a third scheme, possessing distinctive features, being forth coming, is it altogether without the range of pro bability to have either improved in a satisfactory manner by borrowing somewhat from the other ? It is high time that the ratepayers should bestir themselves as actively as they can ; for, let them depend on't, if they don't they will see cause to rue their indefensible neglect. LIVERPOOL, Dec. 12.—THE Snir CONSTITUTION. — The Constitution, which was burned and sunk in the river this day se'nnight, was righted last evening's tide, and will be placed on thu beach. THE PEACE RUMOURS. The following is from the Times (Second Edition) Paris correspondent's letter : " The public has been naturally surprised, seeing that the rumours of peace have now been in circulation for many days, to find that no additional information has confirmed or contradicted them. If I may credit what is said here, it would appear that, not until very lately has a perfect accord prevailed between England and France on the ad missibility of these conditions. Some time, I believe, has been spent in removing the differences which have arisen between the two Governments on that important point. For the reasons which I have mentioned more than once, the English Government was not so desirous of making peace. It was thought, no doubt, that we have some thing to do for the glory of our arms, and there was a moral certainty that in any future cam paign, either in the north or south, we should am ply ake up for any past shortcomings. The pre cise conditions on which France and England would accept peace are as yet kept a profound secret, and will probably be so for some time ; but I am assured that if they were known to the Eng lish people, if they could consistently with the good of the cause be made public, they would be ac cepted by a vast majority in England. They have been already described as not only such as we might now accept, but such as we could not reject even after another successful campaign. If this be the case there ought to be no reason for refusing ; and the difference of opinion that existed betweea the two Governments can under such circum s tances only be explained by the c o nsciousness on our part that the prestige of our arms can yet be fully and completely redeemed. Whether this be a just ground for refusal I do not pretend to determine. Nevertheless, whatever may have been the differ ence of opinion, I am informed, on good authority, that it no longer exists, and that England and France are at this moment agreed On these import ant points. LATEST NEWS, FIGHTING IN THE CRIMEA. Despatchlfrom Marshal Pelissier. " PARIS, THURSDAY, 8.30 A.M. " The Moniteur announces that the Minister of War has received the following telegraphic de spatch from Marshal Pelis sier : " 'SEBASTOPOL, DEC. 8, 1 P.M. " I have received the following despatch from the General in command of the I.st Division of the Ist Corps : " A body of from 2,000 to 3,000 infantry, and about 400 or 500 horse, at daybreak this morning attacked Baga-Ourkousta-Skvaka. " The enemy beat a retreat after a sharp fusilade, which lasted for an hour and a half. " Some thirty prisoners were left in our hands, two of whom were officers. " lam not aware of the number killed and wounded. " ' Our loss is insignificant." THE NEW RUSSIAN LOAN. HAMBURG, DEC. 12. The new Russian loan of 50 millions of roubles has been concluded at the price of 82, with 5 per cent. interest. A third part of it will bo issued at Hamburg, and the others at Berlin and Amsterdam. A money panic has commenced in Russia. At Moscow, Nishni-Novorod, Astrakan, and other places, bank notes are refused. People are hiding money. THE BALTIC. We read in the Independance Beige, under date Hamburg, Dec. 8 :—" After the departure of the two allied admirals from Kiel the English ships of war remaining in the Gulfs of Finland and Bothni received orders from the Admiralty to return forth with to England. The daring English command ers will reluctantly obey these orders, for the Baltic has afforded them ample means of enriching themselves by the capture of numerous Russian and neutral vessels sent to sea by too enterprising and rash merchants. This season is certainly more favourable to cruisers than any other ; for mer chants speculating on the scarcity of foreign and colonial articles, but particularly salt and salt pro visions, in the Russian provinces, will attempt, at any risk, to land such cargoes on the enemy's coast. The following fact will give an idea of tLe scarcity of these articles. A Norwegian vessel, eluding the vigilance of the English cruisers at the entrance of the Gulf of Finland, lately succeeded in entering Port Baltic with a cargo of salt, which was instantly sold at the exorbitant price of 8 silver roubles the 100 lb. Sugar, coffee, and other colonial productions sell equally high." RUSSIA AND THE WAR. 7 - • The Altaland, a periodical which enjoys a high reputation in Germany, has an article containing some statistical information relative to Russia that is well worthy of notice : " Russia," says the Ausland, "is not likely to relin quish her plans against Turkey, and to consent to any real limitation of her power ' until she is brought so low as to be i ncapa bl e of any further effort. The foreign commerce of Russia has entirely lost its import ance. The trade of the Baltic ports, which was formerly 32 per cent, of the whole export trade of the empire, has almost ceased to he. It is true that a part of the raw produce of Russia may find its way through Prussia, but the expense of carriage is so enormous that very•little business can be done. Southern Russia is in a still worse situation. As a consequence of the large consignments of corn to foreign countries, landed pro perty in Souther n R uss i a rose enormously in price, and a very large amount of capital was invested in agricul tural establishments. That capital is at present dead, for if the hands to till the soil were to be had the corn grown could not be sold to advantage. The landed proprietor, who is obliged to pay high interest for his borrowed capital, to maintain his servants, to give war contributions, and to satisfy the demands made on him by the State for transport service, is on the verge of total ruin. A picture of the misery and dis tress of Russia can hardly be too highly coloured, for 20 years of profound peace will hardly bring her to the point of material development at which she had arrived when the war commenced. The interruption of the trade of Russia inflicts a deep wound, but still it would be erroneous to suppose that she will immediately consent to a humiliating peace. She may carry on a suicidal war for some time to come, as she has provisions, the materials for clothing her soldiers, leather, iron, and horses. Of sulphur and saltpetre she is in want, and the export of those articles from Austria has just been prohibited. In 1851, when Russia was at peace, she ithported 232,000 pods of sulphur, and now she will be obliged to manufacture that article out of pyrites. Salt petre may be obtained from Central Asia. The war will be most onerous to Russia by its effect on the popu lation. European Russia has a population of 55,000,000 souls ; 27,000,000 of these people are of the male sex, including boys, men, and grey-beards. According to the statistical tables of Baron Reden, 13,500,000 of the male population attain the age of 20, and, at most, 11,000000 the age of 35. Thus,Russia has 11,000,000 or 12,000,000 of men capable of bearing arms, but it most not be forgotten that they h ave ot h er duties to perform be sides shouldering the musket. If, during the war, only 4 per cent, of the male population has been raised, the country has been deprived of the services of 1,000,000 of men, and it must be supposed that the Russian army was 500,000 strong when, in 1853, the Czar issued the order to cross the Pruth. If Russia continues the war but five years longer, and loses as many men as she has done during the last two years, she will literally have used up the whole population fitted for the purposes of war, and will be entirely at the mercy of her adversaries. All these facts the Western Powers know hull well, and, therefore, they are in no hurry to renew the negotia tions for peace." REVOLT OF THE BASHI-BAZOUKS. A letter from Smyrna of the Ist gives details of the mutiny of the Bashi-Bazouks on board the Tancrede, to which we have already briefly alluded : —" A tragical scene took place yesterday morning on board the Tancrede steam-packet, at the moment when she arrived from Syria. On her leaving Jaffa, the English agent had embarked on board her 105 Bashi-Bazouks belonging to the English contingent. As these men were proceeding to their destination without any officers, and had received five months pay, or 400 f. in advance, they thought the best plan to adopt was to desert, and then re enlist with some other agent, and be paid over again. At Tripoli and at Alexandria they endea voured in vain to deceive the vigilance of the cap tain, and they therefore plotted together to force their way from the vessel in a body, when they reached Smyrna. When they attempted to carry their intention into effect, the captain of the Tan credo armed his crew, and notwithstanding their numerical inferiority, they bravely opposed the ef forts of the Bashi-Bazouks. But 13 men could no.: long resist 105 of these bandits, who had armed themselves with handspikes and other formidab e weapons. Signal was then made to the Olivier frigate, and Capt. Lamothe sent a body of man under the command of two officers. The Tanorede was boarded, and some of the Bashi-Bazouks jumped overboard, and others took refuge in the hold. They were disarmed, but not without resistance, and some blood was shed. The ringleader of the revolt, a tall negro, who had assassinated three persona before he left Jaffa, was severely wounded, as were fourteen others. Ten of those who had jumped overboard were picked up by the boats of the Olivier, and with the others, making 89 in num ber, were delivered over to the Turkish authorities. The wounded were removed to the civil hospital." SWITZERLAND. The conflicts which have arisen in the cantons of Neufchatel, Fribourg, and Vaud, respecting the establishment of the railroads which are to connect central and western Switzerland, have determined the central Government to submit to the federal assembly a measure which will decide that question. The assembly is to meet on the 21st January to consider the matter. SPAIN. MADRID Dec. 7. —The Carlist insurrection is Catalonia is again stated to be completely sup pressed, and that ast band of insurgents to be " an nihilated." The Gazette says that the Government is aware that attempts were being made to create disturbances in that province, but that it does not fear them. The same journal says that the loss of the Spaniards in the affair with the Moors at Melilla was only 4 officers and 12 soldiers, but that that of the Moors was 100 killed and a great num ber wounded. The number of deputies who con tinued absent themselves from the Cortes was 85. The export of wheat from the port of Bilboa in the months of October and November was 58,053 fanogas, and of flour 171,477 fanegas (the fanega is equal to an English bushel.) A Madrid letter says :—" The Minister of Finance has received no communication relative to the establishment in' this city of a branch of the Credit Mobilier of Paris, by English and French capitalists, which some newspapers say has been resolved on." The Madrid journals of the 7th have reached us. The Nacion and the Occidento say that an attempt is being made to form a new party to be called the Liberal party, the principles of which are to be the maintenance of the monarchy with the fullest liberty possible. The formation of such a party is warmly approved of by Marshal O'Donnell. The complaint made by Lord Howden of an English vessel having been fired at by the Spaniards in Africa, would not, it was supposed, create any dif ficulty between the Spanish and English Govern ments. Some French and English capitalists had purchased the timber in the vast forest of Menullos in the Asturias ; others were treating for the pur chase of the marble quarries at Canges de Finco, in that province ; and a French compan y had un dertaken the construction of the railway from Malagar to Almodovar without any subvention. Great damage has been caused by inundations in Valencia ; in one district not fewer than eight cloth manufactories were thrown down by the violence of the waters. Modifications in the ministry were again talked of, and were considered probable. A letter says that, on the 7th, the Cortes proceeded to discuss the budget of the Ministry of War, and that M. Bayarii complained that the pay of cap tains-general of provinces and of other military authorities was far too high, but the Minister of War defended it as necessary. Letters have arrived from Jerusalem to the 11th Nov. The building of the Church of Beit-Djalla, for which a firman had been obtained by the exer tions of Mgr. Valerga, the present bishop, was being actively proceeded with. Two villages occu pied by a Greek population, Ram-Allah and Gofne, having evinced tendencies tow a rd s the Roman Catholic creed, the bishop, in returning from Naza reth to Jerusalem, visited these places, and re ceived a most enthu s i as ti c recept i on . S carce l y h a d he arrived at Jerusalem, on his return, when depu tations were sent from the two villages, and the consequence was, that an ecclesiastic was appointed to visit the Greek populations every Saturday and give them spiritual instruction. The hospital of Jerusalem was increasing, there being 26 beds there at present. At Nazareth, the school opened by French nuns in Feb. last reckons 80 pupils. The Porte is represented as affording a most liberal support to all the efforts made by the French resi dents, and the bishop to improve the condition of the natives. A letter from Carlsrulie, of the 7th, says :—... " The first sittings of the Second Chamber have been devoted to the constitution of the bureaux, and the nomination of the committee to draw up the reply to the speech from the throne. The Re gent has named as President of the Chamber a su perior employe of the Ministry ofJustice, M. Jung. haus, a distinguished lawyer, without political antecedents, but a man of an upright and energetic character. The first Vice-President is M. Schaaf, a man well known for his strong C, nservative prin ciples ; and the second is M. Prestinari. The Mi nister of Finances has presented to the Chamber the budget for the year 1856, and has pointed out the reasons for an increase of taxation, in order to re-establish an equilibrium between the receipts and expenditure. These additional taxes will be levied both on land and on capital. The Minister concludes his report by assuring the Chamber that the Government will always observe the strictest economy, and will confine its demands within the bounds of the most urgent necessity. The expenses in the budget presented are set down at 21,200,811 florins, and the receipts (incluing the proceeds of the new taxes) at 21,477,930 florins." A letter from Venice, of-the 4th, says :—" The Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian arrived here the day before yesterday. He stopped for the night, and on the following morning left for the Imperial Palace of Stra, without receiving the visit of any one. The state of the Prince is said to be as satis factory as possible, but from the place chosen for his residence there is reason to think that it is still such as to require the greatest care, and that his medical attendants consider it necessary for him to be kept as quiet as possible." A letter• from Warsaw of the sth, in the _Augs burg Gazette, says :—" Intelligence from St. Peters burg states that the check at Kars produced much annoyance amongst the war party who had always supported Gen. Mouravieff. That general bad been in disgrace, when the war party succeeded in obtaining for him the command of the troops in Asia, because they considered him an excellent general. That opinion is not by any means a uni versal one, and certainly is not shared in by the Emperor Alexander." The Constitutionnel publishes the following tele• graphic despatch from Berlin : " A grand festival took place on the 4th, at the winter palace of St. Petersburg, to celebrate the arrival of her Majesty Anna Pawlowna, Queen Dowager of the Netherlands, sister to the late Emperor, and aunt to the reigning one." The Provincial Diet of Schleswick was closed at Flensburg on the sth. It adopted previously to separating, by 27 votes to 13, the motion of M. Maquardsen, relative to recognising the forced loans of 1849 and 1850. The assembly also adopted unanimously the motion of M. Kruge, tending to dissolve at once the corps of gendarmery which had been created in the late troubles. THE BALTIC. Yesterday the following vessels passed Elsinore, homeward bound, viz., the Magicienne, Locust, Cossack, Amphion, Driver, Vulture, Desperate;, Harrier, Esk, Porcupine, Tartar, G-ey3er, Con flict, and Pylades. The Euryalus and Imperiouse arrived at Kiel •n Tuesday, and were the only vessels there. MARSEILLES, DEc. 12. The Gauge steam-packet has just arrived, with dates from Constantinople on the 3d. The English squadron had arrived at Constan tinople. The English cavalry and that of the Anglo-Ottoman Contingent had also arrived, and were to winter in the neighbourhood of the Turk ish capital. The accounts from the Crimea are to the 30th ult. All military operations were suspended. The troops were still employed in demolishing Sebastopol, and constructing shelter for themselves out of the ruins. The Russians were removing from their lines of defence, and concentrating their troops at Bakshi-Serai and at Simpheropol. The corps of the Belbek had also been reduced. The accounts from Kertch, Eupa,toria, and from Kinbourn contain nothing new. The Russians as well as the Allies were preparing their winter quarters. The Sea, of Azoff was bezinning to get very ful of ic©. EGYPT, Nov. 23. The Committee for cutting the canal through the Isthmus of Suez was introduced to the Vice roy. The preliminary works and surveys were almost completed. The Committee will report. M. Conrad, engineer, is appointed Chairman of the Committee. The people receive the members of the Committee warmly. DRESDEN, DEC. 10. The Dresden Journal of to-day denies the news which had come from Munich, that M. de Pford ten, President of the Council had left for Dresden. It asserts that M. de Pfordten has not arrived there, and is not expected. The absence of M. de Pfordten is explained by the fact that he arrived at Wurtzburg on the Bth, and was to pass two days there, and then return to Munich. FRANCE. PARIS, WEDNESDAY EVENING. I Ye have no intelligence of the fall of Kars, ex cepting that telegraphed to the French journals from the London papers. If the intelligence received here from Russia be correct, we shall soon hear of the bankruptcy of many Russian commercial houses, who would have long since closed their establishments, but from the hints they received from Government authorities not to do so. _ The most melancholy accounts are given of the state of the Russian armies. D ec i ma t e d b y di sease and badly fed, it is said that the winter is looked upon with great anxiety by those who have had great faith hitherto in the triumph of Russian prescience. We read in the I'ays :—" Several Germans have been recently serving as amateurs with the Rus sians in the Crimea. Two of them have just arrived at Berlin, where they at once became objects of great curiosity. One of them has just come from kiimpheropol, and the other from Kars, which place he quitted the day after the unsuccessful assault, and he crossed the whole of Oircassia. About tha middle of October, the state of things at Simphe ropol was pretty tolerable. The troops were natu rally a little discouraged by so many defeats, but there was no want of provisions, and Imperial recompences were lavishly distributed. It is be lieved there that 140,000 Russians perished during the siege of Sebastopol, and that 30,000 have been crippled for life. The best officers have disap peared, and have been replaced by young men, not less brave, but very inexperienced. Sebastopol is about to be declared a holy city. The soldiers who have left it have almost all of them in their knap sacks a bit of wood, a stone, or the splinter of a shell coining from the sanctuary,' as Sebastopol is now called in Russia, which they send as precious relics to their families." A. Paris letter, in the Independanoe of Brussels, says "The Council of State has the budget of 1857 now under examination. The Government has hastened to present this document, in order to give time to the dif ferent committees to examine all the branches of the various services. It is feared that notwithstanding some reductions on the general service of the Ministries, the total amount of the budget will still have to be increased, in addition to the extraordinary expenses of the war. The service alone of the Ministry of Finance will have to support an augmentation of more than 76 millions. The public debt in consequence of the loan of 750 mil lions receives for its part an increase of 4i millions of 4} per cent. rente, and of 37 millions of 3 per cents. add ing to this amount 11,600,000 francs, representing the hundredth part of the nominal capital of the routes to be inscribed as sinking-fund, we arrive at an increase which for the public debt alone will not be less than 53 millions. The dotation of the Legion of Honour figure-:s in the budget of 1856 for 2,795,000 fr. In that of 1857 it will stand for more than 4 millions. This increase is indispensable, to meet the pay due to the new nomina tions made in the Legion of Honour and to the Mili tary Medals." ri`h© Tourville a'ld Duquesne, French line-of battle ships, arrived at Brest yesterday from the Baltic. They left Kiel on the 6th, in company with the English squadron, under Rear-Admiral Dundas. The Dordogne, screw-transport of 1,200 tons, left Marseilles yesterday for Algiers and the Bias Sea. BOURSE, Dec. 12, Two o'clock.—The news of the surrender of Kars to the Russian army, and a heavy tall of g on the English Consols, have para lysed the favourable influence of pacific reports ova the French Three per Cents. There was, however, a great resistance against the downward movement of the funds, and when the Threes had been quoted at 64f. 55c. large purchases were made, and prices rallied to 64f. 70c. The Mobilier were done from. 1,282 f. 50c. to 1,290 f. This company have an nounced the payment of 25f. per share on the Ist of January. The Railway shares were without important variations. Half-past Three.—Threes rallied at the end of the market. Railway shares were heavy, as the speculators were making preparations for the next half-monthly account. The following are the last quotations : Cash. fr. 5. End of Month 4i per Cents 9l —f. -e. 3 per Cents 64 35 64 80 New Loan 65 25 Bank Shares 3200 Rem in Credit Mobilier 1290 Austrian Belgian Fives 94i Spanish Threes Piedmontese B6 75 home Debt 81/ 83 394 33i RAILWAYS—TOR CASH. • fr. c. c Orleans ll2O W es t ern 71 ' ,5 Northern Lyons Mediterranean 1217 50 Grand Central SS3 75 'irons Geneva — 'Testa Catte 697 50 Austrian C0rn....... 725 LINES ON THE DEATH OF THE BET. IiOEHRT MONTGOMERY. Spirit ! that while on earth, on wings of thought, Far-sweeping and strong-spread, didst soar to heaven, Thou now last won, unbodied, that high sphere, Te mingle with the choiring cherubim. Sipirit ! the lip of human eloquence May hero be cold, and mute for evermore : Yet in those regions, travelled but by soul, From the immortal essence still may flow, To kindred essence, the rich language-stream Of beauty, feeling, and exalted love. Spirit whose bold and forceful genius drew Notes, some perchanee too wild, o'erwrought, and harsh, But some of pure, entrancing melody, From poesy's sweet shell ; whose ardent nature Loved song from boyhood, loved it next thy fond, Now weeping, partner, loved it next thy God. Not vainly, 'spite detraction's blighting breath, Thy lays have sounded here, and still shall sound— Music from out thy cold, unconscious tomb— Up the dim, listening paths of coming years ; And hearts, as yet unborn, shall glow and soar, Pondering with thee an omnipresent God. Oh friends' and strangers' tears shall flow for thee, Thus bowing in thy prime to victor Death, Thy dreams of good, thy hopes of higher fame, Melted, mind rainbows, from the sky of life. The listeners of thy eloquence will look Upon thine empty pulpit—look and sigh. Who now will pour th' impassioned, bold harangue, And lap their souls in paradise of thought ? The poor will miss thee in the squalid haunt, And many a lone, sick wretch, that wont to hear Thy soothing voice, and brighten at thy smile, Will ask, where art thou? and, with lean pale hand, Dash off the bitter tear. ..... Rude Winter comes, And blows his trump of storms, and makes, like woo In some sad mourner's breast, a desolation ; And thou art in the winter of the grave. But, bending there, we feel no winter glooms 'Round the low couch of him, the blessed dead ; For there shall Memory strew undying flowers, And Virtue weep upon the cheek of Hope. There, too, Religion stand, and upward point, With radiant finger, to the doors of Heaven, Through which, by angels welcomed, happy shade ! Theu now hast pass'd to beatific rest. St. John's•weod. NICHOLAS MICHELL. WATERSPOUT AT TUNIS. The following is an extra td t letter received by the Governor of Malta from the British Consul at Tunis, dated Nov. 26, and giving some details of the effects of a whirlwind and waterspout, which burst over the port of that place a few days previously :—" I have the honour to acquaint your Excellency of the loss of two Maltese vessels, viz., the schooner Angiolina, and the brig Caval Marino, the former having arrived here on the 12th, and the latter on the 13th inst., with general cargoes, consisting mostly of English manufactures, of which the Angiolina had only discharged a portion. This unfortunate event took place in the Bay of the Goletta en Sunday last, the 18th inst., at about 8 o'clock in the morning. Conflicting winds had prevailed since day break, with lightning and a hailstorm, when suddenly a violent whirlwind accompanied by a water-spout arose, and in the space of a few minutes upset the two &hove l; L♦entioned vessels, and two French and one Sardinian, : . . wasted another French vessel, unroofed several 'uses at the Goletta, and caused considerable damage at the arsenal. As soon as the squall bad subsided, the French packet-steamer Mitidgia, and other merchant vessels that bad been spared by the whirlwind, lowered their boat.s, and hastened to rescue the crews of the sinking vessels. The croiv of the Angiolina were all saved by that of the Tuscan brig Commercio, Captain G. Pagano, and the crew and various passengers of the Caval Marino were partly by the French steamer, and partly by the Maltese brig Corriere. Three men, how ever, I am sorry to say went down with the Caval Ma rino, viz., the Mate Vincenzo Tabone, and two passen• gers, whose names I have not as yet ascertained, but I am informed were poor goatherds. Up to this day the vessels and their cargoes remain under water, for want of adequate means to draw them out, although I lost no time in making application to the local authorities for assistance, and was supported therein by the French and Sardinian Consuls, who are also interested in the affair." DRUBY-LANE THEATRE. THE BAL MASQUE. The enterprising lessee of Old Drury la s t n i g h t sur passed his former caterings In the way of public enter tainments of this peculiar genre, and the patronage w as The decorations of the i n t er i or proportionately large. were gay and cheerfulin the extreme, and the lighting managed with great tact and taste. The scene, as viewed from the audience part of the house, with its gay dresses, its rapidly-moving groups, threaded by numerous pow dered masters of the ceremonies, in quaint cou r t su i ts ; the innumerable c doured lamps, flowers, and plants ; and, above all, the lively strains of the band, mingled with the peculiar hum of so many l merry voi ces i n con versation y gratifying to a ll b u t vereation and laughter, was a misanthrope, as one of general hila r it y an d en j oyment. The costumes were not 80 numero us or varied as we have seen on other similar occasions, which seems to prove that a ball, rather than a masquerade, is more in accordance with English taste. Ats the general arrange ments were liberal we hope the lesse e Cud projector of the entertainment received a liberal return. COURT CIRCULAR, OSBORNE, DEC. 12. The Quecn and Prince walked in the grounds at Os , borne yesterday. There was uo addition to the Royal dinne r party. A deputation from the City of London, consisting of Mr. Alderman Finnis, Mr. Alderman Cubitt, ST,P , Mr. Alderman Eagleton, Mr. William Jones (chairman), Mr. T. H. Hall, Mr. John Wood, Mr. H. L. Taylor, Mr. Parker, Mr. Abraham, Mr. Cox, Mr. Fry, Mr. Gres ham, Mr. Ross, and the City Rer*embrancer, had an interview with Sir George Grey 3 esterday, at the Home office. A deputation, consisting of Mr. John Cowan (vice. chairman), the Rev. Henry Brown, M.A., recto r of Woolwich, the Rev. James Carlile, D.D., guardians of the Greenwich Union, and Mr. Saw, the clerk, had an interview with the Right Hon. B. P. Bouverie, the Pre. sident of the Poor-law Board, at the office of the Board, in Whitehall, yesterday, on the subject of medical relief in the Woolwich distriot Of the union. His Excellency the Ambassador of France had an in. terview with Viscount Palmerston, yesterday. OFFIOIAL APPOINTMENTS.—We understand that Mr. Romilly has resigned his office of one of the civil service commissioners, and is likely to be succeeded by Mr. Wickham, lately chairmen!. of the Stamps and Taxes De partment. The Duke of Argyll, Postmaster-General, has appointed Mr. Charles Francis Scott to be his grace's private secretary. PROROGATION OF CONVOCATION. —Yesterday morning the Archbishop of Canterbury, aocompanied by Dr. Travers Twigs, the vicar-general cf the province, and Mr. Francis Hart Dyke, her Majesty's proctor, attended at the Jerusalem Chamber, Westminster Abbey, for the purpose of further proroguing Convocation, which stood adjourned till yesterday from the 24th of October last. Mr. Dyke, at the archbishop's request, read the schedule of prorogation, from which it appeared that the clergy of the province of Canterbury will be cited to appear for the despatch of business, in the Jerusalem Chamber, on Friday, February 1, 1856. NEW ACT ON PLEADINGS.-13y an act which has lately corns into operation, the Act of the 13th and 14th Vic., enabling the judges of tie superior courts to make alterations in the forms of pleadings, has been extended for live years. CIVIL . SERVICE OF THE EAST INDIA COMPANY. — An examination of candidates for appointments to the civil service of the East India Company is to take place in July, 1856. The conditions and regulations to be ob served by candidates will be found in our Advertising columns. The Salut Public of Lyons states that the Mint in that city, which has hitherto only coined copper money , is soon to he employed on gold and silver. CRYSTAL PALACE —SHILLING DAY, Dec. 12.—Ad missions on payment, 667 ; ditto by season tickets, 187 ; total, 554. Corresponding day last year, 1,019. According to the Echo de l'Let, it is in contemplation nest spring to form a camp on the banks of the Moselle. MR. SALT ON THE CUR hEN CY. The following letter has been addressed to the Editor of the Times : Sir,-1 think your comments on my sayings at the meeting ou the Bank Charter Act give me a claim for a space in your columns for explanation. You say that I " tantalise you with a promise of safe but inexhaustible riches," and you assume that a regulated issue of paper money would not give the honest labourer full employment at remunera tion prices. Thereon your imagination indulges in an amus ing picture of a Chancellor of the Exchequer hunted home by packs of countless thousands of Man chester spinners, Dorsetshire labourers, Spitalsfield weavers, distressed needlewomen, &c. Witty if you will, but pray keep in mind that a spice of wisdom would not mar your wit, and that all decent feeling of humanity must for a moment have slumbered, when you could enumerate so lightly classes whose very names call up recollec tions of suffering, neglect, and social crime too strong for words. But to return to your Chancellor hunt. What are the facts ? A diminished issue of money has invariably re duced employment and multiplied deputations,— set all the packs in full cry ; while an increased issue of money has invariably increased the em ployment of labour, put an end to deputations, dispersed the packs, and left the Chancellor sleep ing undisturbed in his form. During these re laxations of the money laws the deadly discords between the Government and the people have ceased ; even Chartism has been voiceless, and the governing and the governed seem to have forgotten each other's mutual existence. But you appear to doubt that such will be the result of an increased issue of legal tender. Lot u see what will become of it. It will not be locked up, because, while it is so, interest is forfeited and capital also, as much so as if it did not exist. Therefore it will be made some use of. Now, the ingenuity of man cannot devise a mode of employing money without employing labour to that extent ; and if the issue of money be maintained, the power that creates wealth will always effect its distribution, ministering equally to national wealth and individual happiness, and what you call one of my "delicious moments" wilt be so far perpetuated. But a fear crosses your mind. " Who," say you, "is to stop the floodgates ?" I ask, who stops them now ? The law ! Have we not 14 millions of legal tender paper issued on debt-14 millions of paper convertible into gold, without an ounce of gold to satisfy the promise ? You see, sir, that the system you uphold is not a pure and perfect chry solite. It is the law and not the gold that limits this issue, and closes your floodgates. Then comes the question—Why was this amount of inconvertible paper fixed at 14 millions ? 'Be cause it was needful for an indebted Government. But 'shall there be no honey for the people, and would it not be more creditable that the necessities of the governed 'should be considered as well as those of the governing ? Is it the end for which Government was created that it should take care of itself, and utterly neglect and damage the interests of the people? . . _ You'sai " there is a force and simplicity in the words, I promise to pay on demand.'" Now, will grapple with you on that point, and show that, taking these words in the sense used in the Bank of England note, they contain more of fraud, folly, and mystification than any words in human lan- Uage• Toe law assumes assigning to the promise to pay a definite quantity of gold, it fixes the value of the note. It does no such thing as fix that value. Abundance and scarcity are the only regulators of value. By the issue of paper money, in addition to gold money, money is made more abundant ; abundant money creates confidence, investments are multi plied, a vast quantity of bills at a date are created, this increased quantity of money and the increased rapidity of its circulation lower its value, till the exportation of gold and the withdrawal of the paper again lower the prices, and so all trade is made an alternative of speculation and ruin ; honest industry is sacrificed, and the watchers of the turn of the market alone thrive, and this is the plain inherent of " I p rom i se to pay. " necessity the use of paper and money mmhasmeaning n grown in proportion to the progress of co mmercial civilisation, till it bears a dominant proportion to the use of metallic money, that the metallic money, though it can disarrange, is power less to regulate. The fixing the price of gold by Sir Robert Peel's hill is pure Jack Cadeism. If fixing the price fixes the value, why not fix the price of every thing ? Why not fix the price of bread at ld. the quartern loaf ? Simply because fixing the price does not fix, but merely disguises, the fluctuations in the val ue o f our l ega l tender—fluctuations which arbitrarily disturb and alter all other values. Hence the frequent ruin that has broken up our prosperity, disorganised all its elements, and made our wealth, our insolvency, and our pauperism alternately the wonder of the world. 64.. Hence it ie that the Times, awakened from its " whether without tolvenc: conditic racked tralia east wit existent time in We shot I sa' keeping Guld length then egal te: 110 not Thus, F taken t bullion While t: dant, fi At I scarce, an oun finexest W it raises paper, the val gold be to take pay it of moni in valu large e: returns no eng other a thus b: of our compel, hundre affiictec remain Now, duced i lent to all who tributir Just caution Which lituitini to a prc to the resourc ployme ministe hunger, legal pc tecessii - In 1 labour out till rated T man 1 The ai of gips joy ani workh under and a gaols pauper wealti ment every The humai more all-irn: power people *hem.] For the Inspe per 11 WHEAT, 831 I( WIIIAT 815 41 Wheat, at full - to 4s E 81bs, Sou rate, I Beef. 34 10( offal. Rol at Ter 3. Od 10c1 NEI SW 41159 Tradi Cui 4 1 15 A ma WI Trade of lid tonn pow or fc TI Boni ing_, mee Shit to f the Nor