The Sun. — London, England, 1815-01-06 00:00:00

THE SUN REVIEW. (No. LIX.) IsiSW MoNItILY MAdAZIN-F. for January 1, 1815.—Price COLBURN, London. We have before had occasion to 'notice, in terms of high counnetktion,a.geriodicalWurk of which the last number of the second volume bas just ap peuied—ive allude to the New Monthly Magazine. This oseful and entertaining miscellany was much wanted, for every man who pos?essed a single spadt. of British feeling in the Country, was de sirous of having it in his power to consult a work • of•this kind, without being disgusted with the basest Jacobitlism pervading even subjects of science, and views of politics which bad no other object butjto degrade and slander the Country. • The present number bb varied and amusing : full of literary intelligence, a: , tl remarkable for its general and accurate information respecting the literature of the Continent. A good portrait of Mr. T. CAMPBELL, front LAW RENCE'S paint-.. ing, ornaments the title-page. The following articles may be selected as spe cimens of the principles, utility, and light read ing exhibited in this Magazine ; and we would lvish particularly to call the attention of the latine and the Public to the suggestion contained in the first of them. The scale thus recommend ed is capable of great and beneficial extension.— Not only the price of labour, but the rent of land, may justly and equitably he regulated by Such a standard, upon the nature of which, the uote below, extracted .from a; Provincial Paper, throWs further light-w. SCALE FOR REGULATING TUE PRICE OF LABOUR IN HUSBANDRY. Si tt--It has long occupied my mind, that few ineisures"Would promote more general happiness throughout the kingdom, than adopting some scale by which to regulate the price of labour. — Let me not be supposed to wish . to oppress the -poor, or to see them working hard , for .a hare subsistence-; on the contrary, 1 feel delighted to see them comfortable, industrious and . indepen dent. Ttiis is my wish : 1 desire to befriend the labourer and the farmer also, and 1 think I cannot do this more effectually than by submitting the following proposal to your headers, some of whom may perhao take the, matter in hand. • To proportion the.price of labour to the price of •plovisions has always been the most diffirrilt task ; and which, indeed, with justice to Our selves, we farmers never yet have been able to accomplish. For, having once raised the price of labour, .we have invariably found that here it must remain ; we have not had the power to re duce it again, though provisions may have fallen to their 01(1.5'601(1mA. Feeling the ill effects, have long turned my tl►orights to this point, and imagine that if the price of labou - were regulated! by the price of bread in the following manner, it would entirely remoVe-rhe difficulty, viz. making the price. of the half-peck loaf the price of a man's labour by the by. rivery village should be regulated from week to week by that Market-. town which the Justices for the Hundred should appoint. We then should have a regular standard to go by, and should never object to raise our labourer's wages in the tine cif searcitY,.knowing that we could reduce them again. The labourer would always have it in his power to earn enough to support him ill, the worst of times ; aml we have the pleasure to see an abundant harvest onc2 inure operate in lowering the price of every thing else. -But now it has not that effect, as we most sensibly feel at the present.moment, ‘when. wheat i s low, yet labour, meat, !Ind every thing else, keep up their price. .tilrould it continue so, it will be more to onr advantage to have a middling than an abundant •crop. We unhit sow —less, fur fear of bringing down its price. A FARMER. RICIIATL) OWEN CANIBRIDGE `this Worthy and ingenious writer, who is well known for his papers in The 11,/orld and other col lections, ficquently .had the lionOui• of being ad mitted to the conversation .of his Majesty, who was much pleased with his lively and sagacious teuiarks on most subjects. TOwards the close of this gentleman's life, met him one day riding gently down a declivity, on which he -ob served with his :routed good-mattire, " Mr. Cam bridge, you don't ride goite- so fast as you . used to do."—' , No, please pint:Majesty," replied be jocosely, " for I'm going down the hill." • A MODERATE CHANCELLOR. 'On a - change of Administration, the party coining itito power proposed a private, but popular Minister, to he Chancellor. The King was .asto nished, and said to the Minister, that it was .thing improper in itself, and, as far as he knew, contrary to all precedent, to confer so high a trust upon one whose practice had be,eu confined ex clusively to the Court of King's Bench, and who l a d ne ver filled any preparatory office, to qualify him tor•stich an important station. His Majesty I,lok st►nte days to consider of it, and he appealed . to the individual - himself, Whether such an ad- Nanceicent 'was proper But though'it was ob .vious that reason guided the King, ambition alone , v v a s predominant in the mind of the lawyer, who - gained by his obstinacy,. the seals, a peerage, and . coqtempt. • We entlClstand that sttveral Farms in Somerset, Devoo, cud Cernwail, Inice lately heels let opon lease at a . Coen Reid Landiord and Tenant hciruz agreed, - that when - Whoa is • at •the ,averai2:tv pries of Eight Shillings per at the .Market wltere the produce of that Farm. is the Annual tient a that Earn' shall he (suppose.) 300/. ; then as wheat may I nert .,,t, or decrease in prier, the rest snifer a proportiimate increase of dilithiotion, Iniving• the holits “f- I2s. as a inecrinuni:, and 6s. as a miiihrium, above or below which no %Oteration takes place ill the tent, Wliicit tb i vibrates between -22,51. and 4501. The ainin4 l average to ne the regular and fair prices of the mullet taken four times a sear. 1111/ISSEIS AND VitANRYottT 'AI S; ,VltNtot ) DEC, 21.‘4hey , talk now Of gt.,.thr , riage . betweenth,e A'rehilulte Charlei and the Grand Duchess Catherine, With the add;tioni that they will hold their Court at - Warsaw. Poland mould then be Placed under a tidied Government, the members of which would be named by Russia and Austria. The Congress is said to be engaged in discussing'this project: The project of making Hamburgh the 'capital Of the North of Germany is abandoned, but a fortifiable line of fortresses Will certainly be establiihed from Switzerland to Wesel, which will constantly have•numerous gar risons, forming a kind of standing army for the future safety of Germany. 'The defensive con , nections bet Ween the Empire and.the Kingdom of the Netherlands will be of such a nature as to insure theindependeuee of. the latter against all future contingencies. . This State will acquire great influence in .the balance ofEurope. .-- FRANKFORT, DEC. 29.-Tlie . COoniele of the Congres states from Vienna, 19th December,—, " The : atfairs of Germ Any are going on . in the most desirable ,manner. The principles expressed by Aiistria, Prussia, an 4 England, were indirect d invitations to ineet l , ishes of all. s It is af firmed that:the extension of Belgium to the Rhine is certain. Bavaria it said to 'have agreed with ' Prussia for- the- exchange of the countries on the left bank of the Rhine." KNN , Dec. 22.--A public print affirms, that the Note preSented by Prince Metternich, in an- S NrCT to that of Wurtember;: , „ turns on two princi pal points, lst.The territorial extent of the polders which will form in future the German Confedera tion: 2d. The political Constitution of these States. The solution of the first question, says the Note,, depends on that of the affairs of Europe ; conse quently the Committee for the affairs of Germany Can employ itself only on the second queltionl; the particular knowledge of air that concerns the territorial changes is not necessary in order to tertnina."e the Federal Act. The Members ef the German Committee are besides suffi c iently ac quainted with the principal relations which will take place, and trifling deviations can have no in fluence in this respect, since when at a late period the drawing up of the Federal Act shall be pro ceeded upon, it wilt be easy to add the chanter that may have been judged necessary during the Con gress. The wise representations of Bavaria, Han Over, and Wirtemberg, had caused it to be determined to abandon the first plan that had been proposed. It could no: be left to the option of a German Prince to accede or nut to the German Confedera tion ; aTid the advantages resulting front this Cln federation to the total,ty of the German nation, could not he granted, except as a compensation for the sacrifices which tbe good of the whole nation requires". 'the object of the grand. al liance, as far as Germany is concerned, was the abolition of the Rhenish Code(la:Won, and the re-establishment of the Liberty and Constitution of Germany, with snmealinditications. NEW ,CONSTITUTION OF GERNI NY. TUe Ga;ette of Arau states the Twelve Articks proposed in the conferences between Anstria, Prussia, Wurtemburgh, Bavaria, and Hanover, as a basis for the- arrangement of Germany I. The States of- Germany, including Austria and Prussia, for their German dominions, are united by a compact Naich shall be called " The Gtrman Confederation." Each of the Menaber who . shall join their alliance, 5h.411 _renounce -the right of separating from it without the consent of the others. 2. The object of this Confederatisn is to procure abruad peace and independence, iu respect of other rowers, and at home the constitutional rights of all classes of the nation. 3. In joining to attain this object, on which .the goad of the country in general depends, the Members of the German. Confederation reserve to themselves conjointly and indivi dually, the free and entire • enjoyment of their rights of so vereignty, so-far as they shall not have been restricted by the object mentioned in the preceding Article, by the limitation especially expressed in the Federal Compact. , A:. The object of this compact will he iul ills d r,a) by an Administration combined with the division of Gerniany into a certain number of Circles,. which Administration shall consist of a Council composed of Menib . :rs of the Co-est Mes (6 ) , by the influence which every Director of it Circle 'will have'ovcr the States.of his Circle, according to the text of the Act of the Confederation, and under the superintendance of the Assembly of the Confederates. 5. In the Connell of Directors of the Circles, Austria shall have two'votes, Prussia two, Flanovvr, Bavaria, and Wirteui berg, one each. This Council shall be pennant:lit, and be always assemhled in the sonic City ; it shall decide -according to the majority of votes; and as many CircleS shall be formed as there are voices in this - Council. Ite attributes shall Ist, The. exclusive direction, and_ the exercise of the exclu sive power of the Confederation, the representation of this body in circumstances ►hen it must appear as such in its re h.:thins with foreign Powers, the decision upon peace or war. 2d, The Administration conjointly with the Council of the p r inc e ,' and States, of the objects which belong to the resort of the tatter. The Cudneil of the States is composed (7) of a certain number of Princely Houses; they shall he chosen aceortlit►g to the antiquity of the dignity of Prince in-the fainiiie, the splendour of these, and thepopillation of their Stites, so that besides the ancient Princely licenses, it may he :win e new ones, but only iii the, et,stsof their possessing ice the whole a population ot• 100,000 souls: 0 of the other princely h 0u ,,,, s and free cities, with the vote linown by the Elaine of c, r i a .l role. But this Council has only ft, Legisslative power of the Confederation, in cancert with the Council of the Directors of Circles, in such a matinee, !ism ever, that theyk form tau separati: Vote Chainber;; fur their deliberations .; consequent— ly it is chiefly employed on general regulations, the ollic e t of which is the good of the interior.' It meets but once a year., and continues sitting no longer than isaceeesitry to terminate the affairs which it has each time to discuss. • 7. The Directors of Circle. have all the saute rightsi only rktt;tt!'a bat the air ctioft or the a S y chic is meant merely the mloner of tonthic theft). 8. The ITh-it:tors ottfachCit.C.e arr thaeB,:it to lhaiittain the Viakral Alliance an:i it* hivisions, (k) the e'Kerciv,' of the sovereign powt:r iv the of the tireles opt affairs tit War ; .(c, with ilireetivit,, the assegililik's of the Circles; (d) with forming with his 111:ninal,i, the last inttance for the !States of the Circle, which by the coPtlitions of the Compact, are to have themselves no Tribnnul iu the last instatlCe. Ills particular relations with the individual States of the Circle will .be deteriniuctl by their greater or less extent, and this may be-;•egnlat ed up•ui tie diri inn b'ef,rv; pointed-out of the State, having what are called f7rile• riot rules. The Director of the Circle Shall not ekereis, d ie rights with Which he is invested by the Federal Act, by virtue of a power inherent in him -.as Sovereib of the 'couutrv, the other tlertnan States having in this view the • s:uae rights as himself, but lie shall receive them tuerdv as charged with the affairs of the country. 9 hinder arty particular Stule of the CotA . edcration from coritpt,imi log the external Security, each ct tb.,se . who have no possessionS' out . of Clermany engages not to nt:llte war separately with foreign Powers ; to lake no prt in it, and not to conclude, without reserving the consent of the Confederation; any alliance relative to war. ,r not treaty of subsidy, or for the furnishing of troops. if I C fir,t St - ites, who have pons scions out of Germany, engage in war with otiser Powers, it shall be-left to the ticei.;ion of the•c,olfrdera tion te take part in it or not, on the vropsition of tl.e Power which shall hialte itar.' TO. The •German Prin&es equally ten - mince the right of tnal:ing war upon each other, and solunit their did . , rence3 to a judicial decision, which be given conjointly hy the Council of the Diri-cttirs of Circles, and a Triblinj Of the. Confederation, according- to the retiti.►tiens which shall , SC determined upon.. i'he e,tablisted for this pur pose, shall decide ills() on the complaints which bhall he brought before it Concerning thv violation of the conditions of the compel' different parts of the COO it y. 11 :'The F'edr•ral Compact itself establishei the necessity of tt Constitution of the States in each country which is a mem brt••of the l'onfederation, and it ?i•ws a tointi - nom of the• ri ; -:::ts o f th e States ; but every country in particular is left at liher ty not only to grant nwrtNexten , ive rights to its States, but also to give them a Constitution adapted to the usages and the nature of the country, or to the character of its inhabi tants. 12. The Federal Compact fixes certain rights which every Gern►sin must enjoy without constraint in every pal t of Ger many; for exainple', that of emigrating tinder certain re rictions. of engaging in the military or civil service of other German States. These two last articles leave Austria and Prussia :s liberty to attend in their execution to t extent of their dorainio,o, which include countries that:are no part of the German Con federation. FRENC II PAPERS. • VIENNA, DEC. 18.---The Deputies of several dioceses and chapters in Germany have delivered to the,Congress, a Memorial,. intituled " A Pic titre of the distressed sitnation of the Catholic Church;-deprived of its fonds and of its pastors, in tiermany." This memorial has been strongly supported by the papal nuncio, and has . made much imprest:ion. The principal points of the petitioners are, first, the re-establishment of the Cre - rtilan church in its independence and its rig - Lts ; above all, as they regard the election of h:sitops : secondly, the restitution of the E:..felcsiastical Funds, nherever such restitution can be made without inconvenience, and an indetnnity for what . cannot be restored. It is iti , ertvd that the Q-. 1, tholic po,vers have acknowledged these bases ute necessary for the re-es'tabli3hrutent of the Ch'llrh, and to secure its necessary influence on the hap piness of the people. The Emperor of AnstC.a bAs grante4:t v e ry* g ra .' t'lims ai:dicise de WarnboH, D rvol. t h e Chapters of Worms and Mentz, and tn AI. rich, Canon of Spires. He liks given them the most consolinl.,!, assurances, and promised them his special protection, fur the re-e..tahlishme n t and reorganization of the Catholic Clinch in Ger- . • many. Prince Metternich is cinirge4l with a proposition to Cong,ress for the negociation of a geaeral Con cordat. • it is affirmed that an offensive a nit li c k / pti ve Hance bet tern Anstfh and Ilaravia %vai signed on the 13th of Detentber. 'rhe rumour spre;ols thixt the 1 7 ,toperor Alexao - der has cawed tltc iiirlypettilerice- or Polaud to he prodaimed at NVarsaw. VIENNA, Or.c.:''_'.='l he departure of the King of ‘lrurtemberg is no longer (10111)4,1; the Etn peror Francis having given ordi:rstkat that Prince should receive every where ou his route - the ho mints due do his rank, detachMents have already set out for the different stations-with that view. - It is reported anew, that Belgium will he en larged by the addition of the Whole - territory 3i - tuutell between - it and the Rhine. It is also said, that the King of flavari;t has concluded an ar rangement 'with the King -of Prussia fur an-ex change of districts, governed Provisionally, on the banks ot_,the Rhine., TunlN, DEC. 2.l.—The Marquis Charles de Ca rail, Aide-dt-Canmp to the King of Sardinia, has arrived from his father the Marquis de St. Marian, Sardinian Minister at, the Congress -at Vienna; to h - rfortn his Majesty, that, by the tenour - of the PiPtocol of die Sitting of December - 12th, ap proved of_ the same day, and signed-on the 1-lth by the Plenipotentiaries of the Powers composing the Congress, the cession of Genoa, an.; of all ,that country, has been deeisively,fixed ; amid that it has , been agreed that his Majesty might make the arrangements he should judge eligible for .their organisation, and consider them as drti nitively united- to his States. The order has been sent to the English General at Genoa, to _ g i ve up the Government to such person as dmis Alajestz may charge to receive it, and to con shier his corps as an auxiliary to oer Sovereign. This important acquisition of the King of Sardi nia, in consequence of the acknowledged necessity . ot a .;grandisiog. States for.the equilihriim, of Italy, unite two neighbouring.nations, made tos steem and value each other, under the dominum of one of the most .ancient houses of Europe, in in which the names of father of its subjects and of sovereign have lung been synonimous. Time reception of time present King, Victor Etionmel, at .Gemmoa, last spring, on his return frimi Sardinia, quid the advinangeouS ((tanner in which be made himself known there, are Sure guarantees of the love and fidelity o f the. Genoese people towArds .his _august person, and the happiness they will enjoy iit time new orderot • timings, which will re ly ihat interesting country for the sacrifices which the effects of so extraordinary a i-evolutiou lay itapostlA theni,., and svilich for long time, to 10. e these nnftical • Pt.Trltt.4Bllittli, Dtt.. Mr; Poct jtoit invented h machine for the piirpoi7at Of et 7 Ailing boats laden with flak I tfi np.the V° l g' .l l ; Thirteen of thee barges, each laden with 60.0' :r pud of salt, gone up tini titer by means (. this ingettions machine. It saves 'an immensity of huniali labour, and consequently great expen,ce p. 11AnaunGtt, DEC. 23.—The Russinn under Benningsen, is marc hkig in three columns to the Dutchy of Warsaw. Before the end of the month of January, they Will all be (;ti the frontiers of, Poland and Pomerania. RasTADT, .---Loters iron' state, that General Lechi has been or":'' lca Italy, hy order of the Austrian Auth6:-itic?..• Of the reasons of the arrest we.are ignorant. FtioNTIERS OYALNT/1111, DEC. `?2.----ofl iht. tltles z tions of ;:igh interest whicl'oecupy the Congrcst not much agreement prevails among the grC 3l , Powfts .but the di , cussions are tunicables lo "'r-T a often serious. Austria and Eiigland generally rote writ: way, and Russia and Prussia in another. severalmain qnestions (as on those of Poland 2. 114 Saxony). France has coincided with Austria' and England,, while upon others (as that of Nal , ies) she (infers from them. Spain, Port ugal, and Swt:delli in regard to most questions, go with France. Aniong the German Sovereigns, Bavaria j . o lll s. in with - Austtia ,and Frause, and often the plans of tl,e Northern Powers. Tbe.,King 01 \Vint( inbargh, on the other hand,. !pis changt" his politics, and at tacit ed to a..na Priosia. It was in consequence of th is Cll3" g e that he has presented it note, ten ding to oppos e the it...establishment of the King of Saxony. Among the German MiniSters, Count Attu stet enjoys frarticular influence in the affairs () .Germany. Ile is one of the MOS( Zi.Niltlit4 pat titans of the establishment of Provincial States. The Ministers of Gentian States of the secootk rank place a great deal of confidence .in 11?tir: DEc. 6.—The tiayie of this place is •ft deplorable state. The curnnit course of e%, j . change is at 12 per cent. The exchange Madrid is done at 21'per cent. gain ; that wifi g Corinnne at 6 per cent. Toss. The Royal vales, or paperof the crown, is at a discocut of Cid po cent. Tie most opulent merchants speak lon(14 , of transporting themselves and their propeTY America; and, if unfortunately the news ist cireq• Wiwi as to New Spain should be continneiLibq: is reason to fe.tr, that_ oar capitals, which ri%l'r not only Andalusia but all Spa ii, will leave increase the wea!th of the Hispano-Aiiscricao i States. • ,GESOA, DEC. 12.—M. Johnson- succeeds ..‘ ll Fit4erald as English Consul at-this port: 1.14 ,. Licenses granted to seveval Ca l ataloS•of r ay by M. have Brea atinnllett by order, tll the Boitisli Goveintnent. the Austrian vessels tiisper , etl heretofore are tit% rectvd to elver the ports Of Trie;:te 'and Filmic. Ail the fr.reign vessels in Cie port are .ioviicd Bois i 3 expected to (vat 3 • th""Y,l,t tile Ann:tit:an fen t t: of the col - A th'eree authori , es the pubilca.,of PARI3,s, 2.—Yesterd,tv. being Nev.:,•\ ?, tiav , the Foreign Ambassadors and Alinisters pat a tioir respects to the King and loyal Family. It iS impossible to form tin icle•J of the pick u. which the capnaLhas presented fo , r the lazt to 4 !Ars, of the w e alth spread through every Epor t i r : of the number of equipages passing through .t streets, aild of the'hustle of the ilium:lt:Al popula tion. The consumption of the inuct.se titles of the variohs dedicated to N e " .. Gifts has been,prodtgiotts— üb ser t ; b r'l l .' a i t < t ) c i l t t L r l a i de w !h g t l i l d t is e t e l" r a e d s i :/t m f i el first benefits of pear`„ of the return of order the secotity of families, of confidence, and of the have b beets givensene position of Madame c ein t that site was delivered of a •claughtcl day before yesterttUy . J THE MARKETS. CORN EXCHANGE', JAS. 6 —W .e had nn fresh arrivals this morning, out a large quantity it'll ()11 . band from recent .arrivals. he Wheat trade ‘v.' . 4 ; exceedingly dull, and the prices nominally as P e o last. Middlin g an d or di nary samples of 02," cf at a reduction of trout is. to 2s. per quarter, airs. those of fine qualities were du:l. Barley Wits - :Malt, reuse, and Beaus, have_ bu t very dull sale. Eualish ‘Vlicat Fine ditto Foreigtftto. - 400. 503. GO;. Flue ditto - - 688.—5. —s. !lye - - - 2135. 30g. ! 5 - c. 60s. 645. —s. —s, New IVliite Pease 57 , • 4 ". (Ire, Pease - - - AO , y. Ne‘t. Grey Pease - 'rich Beans - - - 4 17 . Small Tie„ ' I " " FecO 0:-^ IGS. 19' ma's- - q 6•• F ine: itto „- - - BGs. —s.l Fine ditto -- • ' 2 ' l4 ' llarlev - - - 174. , 225. 1 Poland ditto, - -1" '• Fine ditto - - - 2.14. Fine - - New. ditto l'otatue ditto- - Malt - - - • 6:3A. 695. Rap e 1 t .,.,1 • 30 1.. 3 71, per --7.. Fine ditto - ,- - Pions- - ti, Whilel , , , av .10;. 51s. - ITtIFIt3I.I), JAN. G.--'Phis dav's hei hall a scan')" ply of the v.trioUS kinds of Cattle; Veal was dearer ; was cheaper ; Mutton and Pori; supported last prices; the tr.);te in general was not cow:oh:rabic. 'fire ;airs Hay-marl:et \very §OTHCNI. ila I . 1 .1111; -lay and Clover fut'''',,j last prices ; Sthv.• has gut A lp in price. The undertnenti.a n ` prays and numbers ore an .accatate statement Mill: the Offal, per stoneot sltr. .nd , Beef, 55. to s', ,Nlutton, od. to ( s., Bn. V 423 4. 7 '!' to ga , Oil . I'- , rl;, 7s. lid, t o 8 4 ,6,1. Beasts, GIS. -Sheep .i9OO. (;:lives. 100. Pigs, 2 4"' f• • 50i. 55' HAY:MARKET. , 41 ILly, Ato 41. lOs Straw, 5s- to 11. 1123. Civvrr Os - . tool. Mi. f • IV!.: are requested_ to state that Policies or the way be renew e d within fifteen days fr Eagle Insuran ce Company, expiring at Cliri s tn i "' 14)d' at either of their CifficeA'in Cornhill pr 111 Haymarket, where Annnitiei. are granted, 1 Purchase and evers , description of Litt: and D I lusurance etheted on the most cuuitable term s ! am that P