The Sun. — London, England, 1841-08-07 00:00:00

MORNING SUN. r 13, Great 7axlborough.street, Aug. 5. EW WORK,. EDITED BY 130 Z. Booksellers and the Public are requested to take no tice that this Work will be published altogether, in Three Vo lumes post Svo., and not in Parts, as some persons have ero neously supposed. Orders should therefore be given for THE PIC NIC PAPERS, by VARIOUS HANDS. Edited by CHARLES DICKENS, Esq. (BOZ). Gimplete in 3 vols., with Plates, by Cruikshank, Scc., to bo ready for delivery on Monday next, the 9th of August. Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street. THE SPAS OF ENGLAND. Now ready, in 2 vols , with 25 Illustrations, price 18 s. bou nd, THE MIDLAND AND SOUTHERN SPAS OF ENGLAND, And PRINCIPAL SEA-BATHING PLACES. By DR. GRANVILLE. Also, just published, by the same Author, GUIDE TO THE SPAS OF GERMANY. Cheaper Edition, in one thick volume, with Map, and 30 Il lustrations, price only I2s. bound. " For the invalid, or tourists in search of health, these works form perfect treasures." Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street. LTIS MAJESTY the EMPEROR of ts—E. AUSTRIA having AUTHORISED and GUA RANTEED several DISTRIBUTIONS of MONEY DIVIDENDS, which (though they are NO LOTTERIES) offer many possibilities of obtaining LARGE FORTUNES, _ HEINE BROTHERS, at HAMBURGH and at LUBECK, Are now SELLING BONDS far the said DIST rußu TIONS. Persons desirous to purchase for the Next Distributions may receive, PREVIOUS to giving any orders, the PROS- Ph.CTUS and PARTICULARS, upon addressing, WITH DUT DELAY, a line to HEINE BROTHERS, at MAMBURGII, or to HEINE BROTHERS, at LUBECK. The NEXT DISTRIBUTION contains DIVIDENDS of £25,000 £6OO £l2O £BO 5,000 400 110 70 1,500 200 100 60 1,000 100 90 50 800 150 The largest Dividend of the Distribution of Ist March last, TWENTY-FIVE THOUSAND POUNDS, was remitted to London and vicinity by HEINE BROTHERS, who remitted, during a few years, 212 large Money Dividends - , from 6001. and upwards unto 25,0001., besides many Dividends of smaller amounts to Englautl, Ireland, and Scotland. ROYAL VICTORIA THEATRE. UNDER THE DIRECTION OF MR. OSBALDISTON. Last week of " Susan Hopley !" in consequence of the unpa ralleled novelty and attraction which will be produced toge ther on Monday next. THIS EVENING, AUGUST 7. The spleodidly successful Domesiie Drama, ir. Three Acts, of SUSAN HOPLEY ! OR, THE TRIALS AND VICISSI TUDES OF A SERVANT GIRL ! William DelT,Air. — E. F. Saville. ; and Susan Hopley by Miss Vincent, the accepted Heroine of Domestic Drama. After which, WOMAN'S LOVE ! OR, RATE WYNSLEY, THE COTTAGE GIRL. Wilford Clitheroe, Mr. E. F. Saville ; Hugh Wynsley, Mr. James; Hollyhock, Mr. Gardner; Scaresbrook, Mr. Seaman; Kate Wynsley, Miss Vincent. To conclude with, BLACK EYED SUSAN. William, Mr. E. F. Saville ; Gnatbrain, Mr. Gardner ; Jacob Twig, Mr. Paul ; Doggrass, Mr. James ; Susan, Mrs. W. West. Boxes, 25.—Pit, lg.—Gallery, 6d. Half-price to the Boxes only, at Half-past Eight. THEATRE ROYAL, ADELPHI, The WIZARD of the NORTH, the great Mysteriarchist of the Nineteenth Century, is nightly performing his ambi dextrous prestidigitations and extraordinary dexterological feats, calling into action all his wonderful powers of cabalistic phe nomena ar.d visible delusion, which he has performed for Se venty Nights, before One Hundred and Five Thousand of the Elite of the Metropolis, Lnd still continues to attract hundreds nightly. The HARMONIOUS YOUTHS have made a derided hit —their " merrie peals" are nightly encored. This extraordi nary inusieal phenomena is allowed by the thousands who last week heard their " sense-enslaving" harmony, to be a wonder and a treat to the musical world. They will appear every evening between the parts of the Wizard's performances, and perform a variety of popular airs and glees. Boxes, 1 1 . s. 6d. ; Pit, Is. 6d. ; Gallery, 6d. Second Price at Half-past Nine o'clock. Boxes, Is. 6d. ; Pit, Is. Places for the Boxes may be taken from Mr. Swinburn, at the Box-office, between Eleven and Four. Parties are respectfully informed, that as the Dress Circle is nightly crowded, an early application is requisite. Privgte Boxes, containing six persons, I/. ss. Doors open at Half-past Seven; the Wizard appears at Eight o'clock precisely. Half-price at Half•past Nine, THE RAILWAY SUN lS NOW PUBLISHING, PRICE ONLY SIXPENCE. TO CORRESPONDENTS. We have already noticed the subject mentioned by a Chartist and Corn-law Repealer. The American shilling is very little more than an English sixpence. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE THIS DAY. 4-rning......34 minutes atter 4. 1 Evening minutest alter 4. t*, , 4 4 sr4 . - • _ *NA,. 4 4, LONDON : SATURDAY, AUGUST 7, 1141. The Morning Post, which is the accredited organ of Sir ROBERT PEEL on the subject of the Speakership, and is chosen to con vey to the public as much as he pleases to make known of his secret and pro found meditations, was yesterday wrathful be yond measure against the advocates of the re peal of the Corn-laws. Its wrath will probably be increased to-day, after it has seen that its great coadjutor in Toryism, and its rival in Sir ROBERT'S good graces, the presumed 'organ of his commercial policy, gave yesterday the place of honour to a communication recommending, and emphatically enforcing its recommendation, that a speedy reform should be made in the Corn-laws. The Times, as we stated last Thurs day week, is a sort of free-thinker amongst the Tories, and we then quoted a passage in which it did homage to the principles of the Whig bud get. The letter which, appeared in it yesterday, confirms the schism between the Tory journals, and demonstrates that this united and homoge nous party is `split into violent factions, wrath fully contending for the most opposite principles. The anger of the one Journal and the recom mendation of the other, are convincing proofs that the good cause of Corn -law repeal is making rapid progress. Nor are the arguments by which the bad cause is defended less an indication of the same •fliet. For example, the Standard last night made it out that rent forms part of the cost of producing corn. In Great Britain rent is increased by the Corn-laws ; and „the Corn-laws are kept up because it costs more to grow corn In England than in other countries, or because rent is high. Titus, according to Pro-Corn-law logic, the Corn-laws are the parents of the fact which Corn-law advocates say makes Corn-laws necessary, a conclusion to which all Anti-Corn law men assent. They assert that were there no Corn-laws rent would not be so high, the cost of obtaining corn would be less to the consumer, and there Would be no presumed necessity for the Corn-laws. Our enemies are evidently fall ing into confusion preparatory to a rout, while they are boasting of a victory. The acquiescence, however, of the Times in the necessity for a speedy alteration of the Corn-laws, substituting a moderate. fixed duty for the sliding -scale, awakens other reflections. It is so opposite to the declarations and views of its party, that it must be dictated byfqn over whelming conviction. All the accounts received from the manufacturing districts are most gloomy, and they all concur in this, that what has yet happened is nothing compared to what is about to come. In the ma jority of cases paper currency represents hopes rather than realities. It is to be liquidated by future production. As hope fails, and future production is checked, the means of liquidating much of the paper afloat disappear. Hence people say, and we arc afraid on good grounds—for the majority of the elec tors have decided in favour of injustice, hope has in many cases come to an end—that there are large masses of paper afloat which will never be redeemed. A partial cessation of worl: in thc manufacturing districts is looked on as the be ginning of extensive and numerous bankruptcies. Hence, gloomy as are the actual accounts from the manufacturing districts, the anticipations are still more gloomy, and in many cases border on despair. This state of things is forcing the Tories, even before they are in office, to repudiate the principles on which they have broken up the Goy ernment. Such a circumstance must generate great trust of th e T or i es, whether their conduct be the result of ignorance or mere factious ambition. We charge them with the latter. That great distress existed in the manufacturing districts, and had existed , for some time, was known long be fore the budget was brought forward: Nume rous and striking instances, both of distress and discontent, such as the condition of the hand loom weavers and the prbyalence .Chartism, were known to the whole community. To them was added the deficiency of the revenue, which was of itself enough to ensure from any reason able opposition, a calm and proper consideration of aify plan suggested by the Ministers as likely to lessen the distress of the people, and contri bute to fill the public exchequer. Such a plan would have been deserving attention at anytime, but it particularly claimed that from the House of Commons, under the present painful circum stances of the country. _ _ _ The Tories, however, far from giving the Mi nisterial plan calm and due consideration, rallied all the monopolists to one cry of alarm ; and, without taking its bearings into consideration, without even allowing all the propositions to be brought forward, they crushed the scheme that was to relieve the public distress and add to the public revenue, on the miserable and factious pretext that it might interfere with negro eman cipation. We never defended the details of the budget ; we have throughout said that the duties both on colonial and foreign sugar should be much more reduced; that insfead of the duties being raised on Canada timber, they should be lowered on Baltic timber, and that the tax on corn should be totally abolished. We are not at present disposed ".to to defend the details of the budget more than when it was brought forward ; but we unhesitatingly affirm that it was the duty of the Opposition, under the circumstances of the country, to have taken all those details into its consideration, and to have shown that the Ministerial calculations were erroneous, and the Ministerial expectations unfounded. The Oppo sition, however, factiously rejected it in tote, for reasons wholly foreign to its merits in relation to the present condition of this empire. And what now do we see ? The journal which led the Opposition--the journal which speaks the sentiments of the larger number of the Tories— the journal, wanting whose aid they would not have succeeded, and will not now be able to carry on the Government—that journal tells us that the most obnoxious part of the Ministerial budget must be speedily passed in order to save the country from a bloody convulsion. Three months have not elapsed since the Tories would not allow the question to be discussed in Parlia ment, and by not allowing it to be discussed they defeated the Ministers. In the meantime they have obtained a majority in Parliament; they are secure, they think, of being in office; • and now they most impudently tell us that there is no hope of the Conservatives being able to govern the country unless they adopt, and speedily adopt, the Ministers' plan for placing a fixed duty on corn. Such extraordinary proceedings seem to us equally alarming fbr the morality of public men and for the future welfare of the country. Events press on us, and the public welfare is immediately at stake. To preserve the Govern ment and the Constitution—no longer resting on unshaken prescription, and having no basis in reason—it is indispensable that public men merit and obtain public confidence. Here, however, we have the Tories arresting all public business, re fusing all relief to the people, and breaking up the Ministry,, because they would not alter the Corn-laws, and in less than two months de manding that alteration as essential to the safety of the State. We care not how high the rank, how great the distinction or the talents of those who pursue such a course of conduct ; we say that it is scound re l policy, and the men who practise it are scoundrel politicians. We care not either how numerous be those who approve of such conduct. If the great majority of the bulk even of the nation shall give its sanction, which we do no believe it will, and the conduct we have stigmatized is only that of a few leaders, who have made the many their dupes,—but if the bulk of the nation should sanction such a course of conduct, it could not make it other than a scoundrel policy ; and, like all scoundrel conduct, it must be ful llowed by great evil. To disorganize the whole Legislature in the month of June, because the Corn-laws must not be al tered, and in the month of August to declare hat only the alteration of those laws can save the country from convulsions, is such untrue, in sincere, and unfaithful, or such fatuous conduct, that the approval of the bulk of the community would be a certain indication that dishonesty had completely mastered the public mind, and that the dissolution of society was at hand. The Tory Journals assail the Manchester Con , ference of Ministers with great vehemence, , thereby testifying to its utility. We feel assured that the observations of our Contemporaries will only make the ministers of all denominations more zealous to fulfil the solemn task they have undertaken. To rebuke men in high places is the duty of ministers of religion, which they must now perform with reference.to the Legislature, or the nation will perish in the midst of bloody con vulsions. It is supposed by our law-makers that there is no other law than their will. The moral law written in man's heart, the law that is older than the ages of nations, the law which the Legis lature is constituted to support, the law of pro perty—for property existed before Legisla tion, and the circumstances which gave birth to it—exist and modifiy property at this moment as they at first created it ; all these are overlooked by the Legislature, and it continually violates the law and right of property, which it is constituted to protect. To recal the Legisla ture to a sense of its duty is the business of the ministers of religion, and to execute this business with effect the Conference of Ministers at Man chester seems likely to be efficacious. They are beginning wisely by collecting numerous proofs of the turpitude they propose to brand, and we have not the smallest doubt that they will end successfully. We have seen a list of two hundred and fifty gentlemen who have already announced their intention of attending the Conference, and it con tains the names of some of the brightest orna ments of the ministry. It is expected that five hundred or more will assemble, and the inha bitants of Manchester are prepared to give them all an hospitable reception. The ministers of every denomination and from . every quarter are invited, and all f easible and proper means have been used to convey the invitation to every part of the country. Should a discreet and orderly spirit preside ov eporrttlliveir deliberations, numerous as they will to Confere nce renowned is cal le d be, the Conference will becocmoenmfe o the moralitycor l a w n s d , are the only safe in history than a n y of the General C ounc i ls. We write a t- a religion, not of lightly. The prove that ievously by basis for legislation. It will, theretbre, if it do anything, teach men not to rely on their fancies and conjectures, which they dignify with the name of expediency, and they will establish! legislation on a new and safe foundation. No unimportant task have these ministers, who are to reconcile Chartists and Socialists to society. Undertaking as we have no and beginning their labours, doubt they will, with an appropriate prayer, they will be guided by the wisdom they will sup plicate to a just conclusion. No one of them will, we trust, engage in the great work they have in hand, without a clue and thorough con viction of its present and future importance. The Tory journals have lately boasted verY much of the new plan of the Bishops to raise money by voluntary subscription, to set up Bishoprics in the Colonies. No doubt it is as striking an example as is generally met with of the piety of the Church, which mainly consists in the congregations paying enormously, and in the parsons, who dispose of the wealth, liv ing splendidly. In this instance the true spirit THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY, AUGUST 7, 1841. of the clergy is abundantly manifested, for they ( are to have all the incomes and all the appoint ments. In the Church of England the ap pointment of the Bishops is in the hands of the Crown, as a safeguard against the ascendancy of the priesthood; in the new scheme of Colonial Bishops to be appointed by the Bishops, though endowed by voluntary subscription, the com plete ascendancy of the priesthood is secured. We recollect that a project of this kind was mooted four or five years ago by Mr. Preben dary TOWNSIXEND, of Durham, who argued stiffly for the Deans and Chapters taking the election of Bishops into their own hands. We are inclined to think that the Reverend Gentle man went so far as to urge his Reverend brethren not to mind the Royal authority . , but to elect their Own Bishops in spite of a Ministry whom it was the fashion, amongst the clergy, to stigma tise as the enemies of the Church of England. But whether he went quite so far as this or not, his admonitions, and the present conduct of the clergy in constituting Bishoprics independently of the Crown, are strong indications of the de termination of the priesthood to resume, if pos sible, their ancient ascendancy. The Puseyite heresy has found much favour with the priesthood, because it includes similar principles of Church exaltation. With that its professors make a display of sincerity and fer vour, and possess some learning. That such a poor and cunning mixture of worldly wisdom and cloister enthusiasm should have been palmed off on the people as religion by a large number of theaninisters of the Anglican Church, is a forcible illustration of the complete degra dation of the Church, and of its ambitious pro jects. It will take up anything which promises to secure its domination, and hence the success of Puseyism, and the zeal with which the Bi shops and their satellites promote the subscrip tion for establishing more Bishoprics in the Colonies. We call attention to a letter signed " Conser vator," which we copy from the Times. It ap pears in that Journal with all the honours of leads and large type, and—strange and discor dant sounds for the Squires—it advocates a fixed duty on corn. In emphatic language it tells the patrons and friends of the Times that they must give Commercial Reform, and must speedily give it, or there will be a convulsion. We hope the Tories will not neglect this solemn warning. The Express received on:Thursday from Paris enabled us to anticipate in our Afternoon Edition all the really important news contained in the French Journals of Wednesday. The dispute between the Government and the late Munici pality of Toulouse is degenerating into a mere squabble, notwithstanding the efforts of the op position Journals to dignify it with the name of a Constitutional-question. Some three months ago a shoemaker of Montpel lier married a young woman of that town, and afterwards brought her to Paris, taking a lodging on the sixth floor, in the Rue de la Boucherie. An evil spirit of jealousy, which had taken possession of the mans mind even be fore the union, haunted him in his new abode, and induced him to keep his wife constantly under lock and key, pre venting her even from contributing to their comforts by following her ordinary occupation of getting up fine linen. It happened that another native of Montpellier followed them to Paris, and took a small wine-shop in the same street. Here the shoemaker frequently resorted, and, two days ago, ventured to allow his wife to go for some vinegar. The time required to get the liquor out of the cellar, and perhaps some little gossip about their fellow townspeople, kept the wife longer on her errand than the shoemaker thought necessary, and the jealous hus band at once converted the wine and vinegar -dealer into an old sweetheart of his wife. Under this impression, the infatuated man went to the wine-shop, and picked a quarrel with its master, but was turned out by him and his friends before he could commit any act of ven geance, for which purpose he had armed himself with the cutting-knife used in his trade. Enraged with this defeat, he returned home and satiated his wrath on his unhappy wife, whom he wounded desperately in many places, nearly cutting out one of her eyes. Her screams called in the assistance of her neighbours, who forced their way in in time to save her from instant death, though she still lies in a dangerous state. The infuriated man was taken to prison. Two men, one a merchant's travelling clerk, and the other a draftsman, in a state of intoxication, passed along the rue Montmartre, the clay before yesterday, shouting A bas Guizot Vire la Republique ! and hav ing collected a crowd, insulted the guard posted at Saint Eustache. Here they were arrested, and carried before a Commissary of Police, who transferred them to the Prefecture. The day before yesterday a woman, walking in the Gardens of the Luxembourg, was suddenly taken in labour, and, seating herself on a bench in the All6e de I'Observatoire, brought into the world a fine boy. v The mother and baby were immediately taken to the Lying in-Hospital, and received all the care the emergency required. _ _ A remarkable case of sub-cutaneous section of the muscles, for the cure of a distorted foot, has been re cently performed on M. Adolphe Dumas by Dr. Duval, of the Porte Maillot. That gentleman had been afflicted with a contraction of the tendon Achilles, and other muscles of the right foot, which had turned it completely round, so that he walked on the outside edge of the foot, while the heel was raised three inches from the ground. A few seconds sufficed for the section of the tendon Achilles and another muscle, on the front of the foot, the result of which was, that the foot was immediately brought round to its proper direction, and ten days after wards the patient walked like any body else. The King is to leave St. Cloud to-day, to go to the Chateau of Eu. Yesterday the Ministers went to the Palace to hold a Council. We have received news from Algiers of the 27th of July. At seven o'clock in the morning half a battalion of Zouaves had arrived on board the Phare steamer, coming from Mostaganem. At eight o'clock a proclamation of the Director of , the Interior was posted up, ordering each of the inhabitants to receive one or more of these brave men for some days. The expedition under the command of General La moriciere, returned to Mostaganem on the 19th. During the march of our troops Abd-el-Kader had shown himself with a considerable force,and the rear guard had two actions. The Zouaves had caused the enemy to sutler great loss. We had 65 men killed and wounded. The column has brought back 800 sick, most of whom have been sent to Oran. The accounts from Oran, of the 24th, are of little importance. We have received a letter from Mostaga nem, dated the 25th July. The details which it con tains are far from agreeing with those received from Al- Biers. The expeditionary corps has suffered ma. The Arabs were more numerous than ever, and harassed it incessantly. They fought at close quarters. Afany officers are wounded. The brave Captain Delort, of the 6tk regiment of light infantry, who behaved so admir ably at the passage of Abbet Kredda, has been left grievously wounded at Mascara, as well.as other officers. It was thought that his arm must be amputated. We have lost a great part of our horses.—Le Constitutionnel. BOURSE-PARIS, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 4. t Irst Highest Lowest Last Price Price. Pric... Price french per Cents ll6 flo ... 116 SO 1 615 116 20 4% per Cents 4 per Cents 99 75 ... 99 75 ... 1.10 75 99 75 S per Cents. ex. dlv 76 40 77 45 77 35 ... 77 35 lank ot trance Latiltte Bank 1.0005. St Ares 1035 ...1C33 5,000 f. Shares 5(95 ...5(95 ...5095 Bekinn 5 per Cents. New Loan lt3% ... 3% 103% 103 ii Spanish Active l o li ... SO% ... 20% ... kO% 4% ... 4% ... 4%.. Neapolitan ..».......».......».. 103 tiO ... 104 ... 193 GO . Im 102% ... 102% ...1013 ... 102i9 RAILWAY SHARES. -- St. Gennatn Ver5at11e5.L.E.......... ..... K. 15 33 i ... 533 ... 328 75 ... 328 75 Rouen ....••••.....••• ........ Orleans 236 25 ;T. 02 25 ... as 25 ... 236 25 THE SPEAKERSILIP.—Amongst our rumours will be found one relative to the Speakership, which rests on so good a foundation, that we must in this part of our Journal call on all the Liberals to be present on the'first day of the Session, and be prepared for a contest on the Speakership. There is at present a prevalent belief Sir Eardley Wilmot will be put in nomination, and will be supported by the great body of the Tories. LIBERTY OF THE PREss.—Bonaparte held the liberty of the press in the greatest horror ; and so its favour, was hi s p ass ion w hen anything w as ur g e d in favoir, that he seemed to labour under under a nervous attack. Great man as he was, he was sorely afraid of little paragraphs. BANKERS IN PARLIAMENT.—In comparing the present with the last Parliament, it will be found that the Bank of England has lost one member—Mr. Pattison. The London bankers have lost two members —Mr. Grote and Mr. W. Attwood. The country bankers have lost two members—Mr. Hector and Mr. Bickford. The National Provincial Bank has lost two members--Mr. Courtenay and Lord Hallyburton. The London Joint Stock Banks have lost three members— Mr. Musket% Mr. Wyse, and Mr. Jervis. On the other hand the London Bankers have gained one—Mr. Mas terman ; and the London Joint St')ck Banks have gained two—Mr. P. M. Stewart and Mr. Rennie. The Irish and Colonial Joint Stock Banks remain the same. Thus it will appear that the Bank of England and the private ' bankers have, upon t h e b alance, lost four members, while the Joint-Stock Banks have, upon the balance, also lost four. ---- Fox H UNTING. - -Arrangenients are now in progress for the Fife hounds hunting the Linlithgow and Stirlingbhire country, and not for twenty years has there been the same stock of game to begin work upon. —Edinburgh Courant. 571 A'V F E S AND Vubltr Optition. " IVlio runs may read." i`i aY. XGN. The French Journals of Wednesday devote their leading colu m n s t o a n examination of the conduct of the Government at Toulouse. The Constitutionnel condemns the arbitrary conduct - of M. Duval in enforcing a Royal Ordinance which he had wrongly transcribed, and:whith, being consequently illegal, the late Mayor was justified in resisting. The Courrier Francais says, that the Mi nisters have hitherto been wanting in energy and prudence with respect to Toulouse, and that‘ in this deplorable affair they heap fault upon fault. The National contends that if the Crown be al lowed to dissolve municipalities by a mere ordinance, without providing for a new election, it may one day or other attempt the same with the Chambers. The France hurls defiance at the Cabinet, and dares the Procureur- General to pr)secute the late Mayor. The Debuts wishes the Government to give some explanations which France .has - a right to demand, but expresses no decided opinion upon the question. So much for the political tone of the French journals. We understand that the Government has accepted the chal lenge of the France, and will proceed to the prosecution of the late Mayor of Toulouse before the Court of Cor rectional Police. This indeed is the very height of mad ness! Mehemet Ali is intriguing for the Regency of the Ottoman Empire, should the Sultan be gathered to his fathers before his brother is of age to gird his loins with the sword, and envelope his shoulders with the mantle of the Prophet. • The Sultan has directed brilliant decorations to be prepared for all the members of Mehemet Ali's family. All the tailors and other artizans in a certain vil lage of Franco have lately coalesced for the purpose of making known to each other the names of such customers as are uncareful of payment, and are determined to give no credit to any party who has not absolved himself of the former debts. A Counter Company of young men has arisen, who intend to expose every master tailor, boot►naker, and hatter of this elique in Brussels. PUBLIC OPINION. The Herald strives hard to prove, in opposition to the Chronicle, that the present distress of the country is not to be attributed to the protective system. " The Paisley stoppages," argues our Contemporary, " were produced by the facilities given to persons of little or no capital to carry on extensive concerns, by the local banks. These establishments have, to preserve their own credit, been obliged, from local causes, to withdraw this ac commodation,' as it is called ; their debtors, conse quently, suspended payments, and the industry to which this fictitious system of creating manufactories had given employment is thrown upon the general labour-market. The indiscretion of the Scotch banks, and not the pro tective system, is then to be blamed for these disasters." This is following in the wake of Sir R. Peel, who, rather than accuse the monopoly or protective system of having assisted in causing the present distress, sailed all the way to China for an argument to prove why the country is so embarrassed. The Times, after attempting a lame and laboured apology for Sir Robert Peel's reserve, immediately pro ceeds to neutralise its effect by showing that he has ex hibited little or no reserve at all ! Here are our Con temporary's words :—" It will be remembered that the question of finance is nearly, if not absolutely, the sole great question of government on which Sir Robert Peel has not already, on morn than one occasion, very fully explained his views. And even upon finance, the general bearing of his opinions is sufficiently known. Apart from the resource of borrowing, which is allowable only as a temporary resort, there are only two systems of supply to choose between—the old mode of making up deficiency by taxation ; and the modern, or Post-office plan, of raising revenue by abandoning it : and Sir Ro bert Peel has shown a pretty plain contempt for this latter bubble. So far the public can have very little doubt." The Morning Advertiser observes :—" It is quite clear, from the tone that the leading Tory journals are instructed to take, that, while hopes are to be encouraged of a calm, and liberal, and expedient policy, with regard to England, the force of the new Government and the faction that supports it is to be mainly directed against Ireland. No doubt Stanley's Bill is to be re-introduced with immediate measures to repress disturbance. Upon this subject Peel can calculate on a larger majority than on any other. Hence he is likely to begin with it, first, to exhibit his strength in the Commons, and, secondly, to crush, if possible, the greatest concentrated power opposed to him. There are many prejudices against Ireland, and more against O'Connell personally. Of these he proposes to take advantage ; and should he succeed, he will flatter himself that this " rock a-head to all Administrations," will be battered down to compa rative safety. To enable him to accomplish this grand object, troops from all quarters will be ordered into Ire land." To pour troops into Ireland will only be pouring oil on the flame that already rages in that country. The time is past for any such experiment to be made with safety. The Morning Post commences its first leading ar ticle in these terms :---" We find that all the Journals which support the defeated Ministerial party—without a single exception, so far as we have seen —report with a scarcely concealed exultation the gloomiest circumstances regarding the public condition of this country. They actually rejoice in the prospect of the country's em barrassments, because difficulties will thereby be thrown in the way of those statesmen who possess the confidence of large majorities in both Houses of Parliament. The very aspect of the weather, with its clouds and storms, so unseasonable for the ripen ing and gathering-in of the crops, affords satisfac tion to these high-minded political partisans. What care they for peace and plenty throughout the country? They only seek to have their party in power. What is it to them that poverty and distress may fall upon millions of the people, and perhaps drive them in their despair to violence and outrage ? They care nothing for the mi sery; they only consider how it may promote their party views." This is a malicious perversion of the truth, urged with the very same party views that the Post reprobates in its Liberal Contemporaries. If the distress of the coun try has been insisted on, it has been done in the vain hope that Sir Robert Peel would hasten to set men's minds at ease, by at least giving them a hope of some speedy and efficient remedy. But he proposed no remedy, because most probably he has none, but will be guided solely by expediency. The Nottingham Review says:—" The very elements are throwing obstacles in the way of any Tory Ad ministration. Let the lords of the soil say what they may, the prospect of a deficient harvest will bring about a re peal of the Corn-laws. Lord F. Egerton, and other Tory Peers, are calculating upon this, and therefore we bear of new troops, of yeomanry cavalry to keep down the working classes and compel them to starve, be quiet, and die ! A pretty prospect this for those who have unnaturally supported the Tories at the late elections ; they will bitterly repent it yet." The Sherborne Journal, alluding to the present crisis, observes as follows :—" Never, perhaps, in the history of this country; did a greater necessity exist for calm and dispassionate inquiry, and for prac tical and immediate legislation. The. Conservatives must lay aside their triumphant bOastingi, and see to it that they are not, as it were, rejoicing and dancing on a barrel of gunpowder ; and the Whigs must rid themselves of the fretful feelings of disappointed love of power and place, and both unite in applying themselves to measures of practical relief—measures with which party politics have really nothing to do—measures cal culated to unlock the springs of industry, which appear now to be frozen up." ri LONET — TRADE—COVIDIZZCZ. The woollen trade in Ireland is again in a very de pressed condition. The accounts from the neighbour hood of Kilkenny are most disheartening. A large assortment of lead ore has been lately for warded home from a lead mine newly discovered in the Mount Lofty range in South Australia. The quantity of silver contained in the ore is fifteen ounces per ton, and of lead about 85 per cent. SPORTING. The championship of the Thanes will be contested this day. The Cambridge against the Leander Club. The Leander boat is pink within, with a streak, and the oar-blades vermilion. The Cambridge boat is lilac within, and the oar-blades light blue. ELECTIONEMILING. The electors of West Middlesex, and particularly the spirited Reformers of Brentford, have invited Mr. Byng to a dinner, which will take place at Breutford the end of this month. counT—"ZASIIXONAZILZS. The • Duke of Devonshire left town Thursday for Paris, where it is expected he will stay six months. The Duchess of Hamilton arrived on _Monday last in Paris. Preparations are commencing at Wynnstay for a series of brilliant festivities, in celebration of Sir Watkin Wil liam Wynne's attaining his majority. MISCMLLANMOUS. Two Anti-Corn-law meetings were held on Wednes day, at Rotherhithe, and the Town-hall, Gravesend. Mr Sidney Smith delivered lectures at each. Early on Thursday morning a hostile meeting took place between Henry Launcelot, Esq., of Baker-street, Portman-square, and Captain Delgrave, of Stamford street, Lambeth. At the second fire • Captain. B. was wounded in the right thigh, and fell.'Hands were then s!la' ken. An extensive robbery of money and securities, amounting to nearly 3,000/.. took place at St. John's College, Cambridge, on Thursday last. A College gyp has been committed for the felony. • • " Last week, at a farm-house in the neighbour hood of Burnley, while a hen was brooding over her young, a rat approached a third time on that day, having left one chicken dead on the barn floor. The hen pounced upon the rat, seized it on the back with her bill, and shook it till it was dead." •A hen like this is much wanted in the House of Commons, which is sadly in fested by rats. It should be instantly returned to Par liament, where it would cackle quite as much to the pur pose as Peter BOrthwick. • zurmouns OP THE DAY. The Duke of Buckingham is not to have a seat in the Peel or Shuffling Cabinet, and the consequence is that the Right Hon. Premier expectant will find a consider able difficulty, notwithstanding the lists handed round by his friends, of forming a presentable Ministry. Since the Post announced that the Tories are to have a Whig Speaker, and particularly since the Times announced yesterday that there must be a fixed duty on corn, and which is supposed to speak on that point the sense of Sir G. Murray, and all the commer cial supporters of Sir Robert Peel, and to shadow forth the Peel policy on corn,--- there has been quite a commotion in the Carlton Club. The Ultras, headed, we belieVe, by Lord Lowther or Sir Richard Vyvyan, are resolved not to submit. At any rate, 'they are caballing, and mean, it is said, as they have not much confidence in Sir R. Peel, tu propose Sir Eardley Wilmot, in opposition to his recommend ition, as Speaker. They say that the conduct of Sir Robert in 1829 con vinces them that they musk not trust him, and to make him useful they must begin by convincing him that he is dependent on them. The Tories say that Sir Robert Peel was dis creet at Tamworth, and refused to state his policy ; but in his letter to Mr. Shaw Lefevre he as sumes that he is already Prime Minister, and an nounces that he means to favour the Whigs. They in fer, therefore, that the policy which he conceals is in tended to throw more of his friends overboard. Sir Richard Vyvyau, whOm the Standard formerly designated as Foreign Secretary, in case of a change in the Ministry, is not • to have any post under the Peel Administration. Sir Robert looks on him, not only with suspicion, but with distrust. He is too straight-forward and un compromising a person for the slippery Baronet, who sees with much repugnance that Sir Richard has a seat in Parliament. The two Baronets are in some sort rivals, and Sir Richard Vivyan is already spoken of as the leader of the honest and uncompromising Tories. —• Bets are offered in the sporting circles that Sir R. Peel, as the head of a Tory Administration, will not be six months in office. The Salopian Journal states that a rumour is cur rent that Sir It. Bulkeley will shortly be promoted to the peerage, and that Mr. Stanley will, in consequence, be elected for the Flintshire boroughs. PEEL THE EMPIRIC. DEFINITION OF A QUACK.—A Quack—a boastful pre- Under to arts which he does not understand. A Quack—one who proclaims his own medical abilities in public places. A Quack—an artful, tricking practitioner.—See English Die-. tionary, and the Tamworth speech. And if a man did need a poison now Here lives a caitiff wretch would sell it him. Romeo and Juliet. There are strange things spring up now-a-days, There's Peel—'tis the strangest of any— Whose proper vocation you know Was to manage the spindle and jenny,— Late has clapped on a big powdered wig And a suit of atrocious deep sable, And swears he has got all the cures In the pharmacopceical table. But before he his practice begins Or poisons, or punctures, or throttles, He arrays with true doctorly skill Ilis phalanx of flame-coloured bottles. You may see them superbly arranged Any one of these fine summer evens, If you'll just take the trouble to peep At his physic-shop down at Stephen's. Doctor Peel sought a patient, and soon With his card upon sickly John, Bull he Made a call—cried his medicals down— " They knew nothing, and he knew him fully." Felt his purse—shook his head—grew alarm'd - Spoke abuse of his last doctor—Russell, Breaded of speed—symptoms—physic and death — Said he'd save him—and left in a bustle. Doctor Peel to his surgery sped, And loftily ehmlcled when so/us, There concocted with true quackish skill First, a draught, then a " No Reform " bolus. " Mustn't let go my practice," quoth Peel ; " Must reduce and bleed Bull's' constitution, Just allow him to gasp and to breathe, But—no word of complete restitution.' " But, parbleu! Doctor Peel the next day Calling, caught John deliciously greeting Cups of well-sugar'd coffee and ruin, While a chicken's white wing he was eating— " Sacre Dieu !" cried the DoctOr, prophaned, " Rare food that for you, my fine jewel I Fowl, indeed ! no, no, black bread and grits I alone can allow, with grey gruel." " I'll be whipt"—said John Bull in a tiff (For John's stomach will very soon rumble) If your quackship shall reign over me ;" While he rose with a growl and a grumble : High the old lion lifted his paw, Swung in fury, then, with a loud roar, he Spurned the Quack—sent for Russell again— Aud owned him " salvation and glory." Hurrah ! There's some hope for John Bull Now the Quack is consigned to perdition, That again he'll wax jocund and full, And be rosy and plump of condition ; For the Quack is in Tophet—and " John" Is on diet, now, choice and nutritious, And Russell will make all his days Thrice-salubrious, sweet, and delicious. COURT CIRCULAR. WINDSOR, FRIDAY.—Her Majesty and Prince Albert , walked as usual in the forenoon in the vicinity of the Castle, and in the afternoon, at five o'clock, the Royal party went out f or a d r i ve , her Majesty attended by the Duchess of Bedford and the Lady Mary Gertrude Vyner, occupying a pony carriage and four ; the carriage follow ing (a pony phaeton) conveyed the Marquis of Headfort and the Lady Olivia Taylour, and in the last carriage were the Lady Caroline Somers Cocks and the Hon. Sarah. Mary Cavendish, the Maids of Honour in Wait ing. His Royal Highness Prince Albert accompanied her Majesty on horseback, attended by Colonel Wylde, Lord Alfred Paget, Major the Hon. George Keppel, and Mr. Vyner. . Her Royal Highness the Princess Royal has been taken her airing twice to-day. Her Royal Highness is looking exceedingly well. The Hon. W. Cowper took his departure from the Castle this morning. _ _ - Sir Henry Wheatley arrived this morning at the Castle, on a visit to her Majesty. Mr. George Edward Anson will have the honour of joining the Royal circle at the Castle at dinner, this evening. Mr. and Lady Mary Gertrude Vyner are expected to take leave to-morrow. Her Majesty will hold a Privy Council at two o'claok on Wednesday afternoon, the 11th inst., at Windsor Castle. Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Cambridge, ac companied by the Princesses Augusta and Mary of Cam bridge, returned to town on Thursday evening from her residence at Kew. His ltoya,l Highness the Duke of Sussex paid a visit yesterday afternoon to the Duke and Duchess of Cam bridge, at Cambridge House. The Duchess of Cambridge. accompanied by the Prin cesses Augusta and Mary of Cambridge, took an airing yesterday afternoon in an open carriage. Viscount Melbourne will have a full-dress dinner party on Monday the 23d inst. at his official residence in Downing -street, A numerous party of Peers have received invitations. The Chancellor of the Exchequer returned to his resi dence at Lee yesterday from Portsmouth. The Hon. William Cowper arrived in town yesterday from a visit to her Majesty at Windsor Castle. Lord Adolphus Fitzclarence left town yesterday morn ing for Portsmouth. STATE AND PROSPECTS OF THE LIBERAL CAUSE. It is, of course, impossible for any one whose sympa thies are all with the Whig party, to avoid feeling the deepest mortification at the verdict against them that the Constituencies have just pronounced. To the present feelings of a moderate Reformer, those of an ancient Jew when told " The ark is taken !" are only the conceivable parallel. The Government, with whose stability the as cendancy of Liberal principtes was identified—a Govern ment that is, indeed, the personification of temperate li berality—now exists only until its successors are ap pointed, its days meanwhile being numbered, and its sub stantive authwity already gone. The . Ministers elect era the heads of a party composed of hereditary, and seemingly instinctive defenders of abuses, to whose spontaneous act no ame li orat i ve measure canbe ascribed. Whatever may be unpredented in this state of parties, it. is certainly not their relative position as Tory majority and Whig minority. How little is there of new or strange in this aspect of the political world ! It seems but yesterday since the Whigs were in minorities the most miserable and hopeless: Excluded, seemingly, in perpetuity, from office, opposed to the Court, and to large majorities of the Aristocracy, the populace, and even of the stolid respectability of the country ; thus it was, that those Whigs on whose disinterestedness imputations are so freely made, spent, in general, their youth, nay, the middle of life. Thus it was, that they find advo cated measures on which their original opponents now take their stand, and defend as monuments a political wisdom. The Whigs, therefore, need be nothing daunted, nay, from the result of their former exertions, have the greatest encouragement, in resuming their old post in opposition. They may excusably hope that, as the measures they once supported against such over whelming odds are now practically approved in being universally maintained, so may at length be those for the sake of which they are again in what is, in truth, their accustomed station, in the minority, that is, in ad vance of the mass of men. Now that the Reform Bill has thus yielded a Conser vative majority, it is impossible to avoid addressing to the Conservative party the inquiry. Is this the result that you expected from the Bill ? The failure of the Tory predictions as to the effect of that measure, began with their utterance, and has been unintermitted. Tice diatribes in which it was opposed are unparalleled re cords of political miscalculation. Nor can this reproach be fairly retorted, at least not on the Bill's most rational supporters. The existence of Conservatism in consider able strength under the Bill, was foreseen by them, nay was an essential element in the considerations that led them to hazard so great a change as the Bill involved. The occurrence indeed of such tranference of power as is now impending, could not seem very improbable or remote, even when the fortunes of Conserva tism had sunk to the lowest ebb. To reflecting observers of the progreis of events this occasion presents little that is unaccountable, or that was not long ago more or less anticipated. The change is not in public sentiment, but in the measures that are the test of party distinctions,—and respecting which the nation, in ele vating one party and depressing another, gives judgment. It is easy, indeed, to contrast the Whig majority of ten years ago with the Conservative majority of the present day, and thence to infer a re-action against, Reform. But are the questions respecting which a Whig majo rity once existed, the same as those that the country now decides against the Whigs? By no means. On Parlia mentary and Corporation Reform, on the Emancipation of the Slaves, and the Opening of the. China 'Trade, there was a large majority. Is that majority reversed ? On the contrary, it has become a unanimity of practical approbation. All the great questions respecting which the Whigs ever had a majority are affirmatively settled. Questions respecting which there never was a Whig ma jority, or so large a majority is is now arrayed in their support, have become the first in practical urgency. Thus only it is, that there is presented to superficial observers a fallacious appearance of re-action against the cause of liberality; when, in reality, that cause is steadily advan cing, every advance it has,inade being quietly Maintained, and new advances being auspiciOusly attempted, though necessarily without immediate success. Is it thin to be regretted that the Whig leaders have occupied ground on a hich they are not nationally sup ported, by making an approach, at least, to free trade— the chief of the present distinguishing principles of their party ? Far from it. Even with respect to party inte rests, the promulgation of the Budget was a wise and sa lutary stp. Can the cause that is identified with commercial free dom be desperate ? On the contrary, though, even be cause of this association, it may now be checked, yet is its safety and ultimate triumph assured. Little appre hension can he have of the doctrine of free traite, in all its truth and simplicity, who doubts that it must at length recommend itself to universal belief and practice. Men cannot be much longer deluded by the ridiculous fallacies that combine with rapacity in retaining the ex isting fetters of industry. Those liberal commercial prin ciples, in defence of which the present Government are about to fall, are resolvable into axioms, the truth and jus tice of which are plain as the sun at noon-day, and are cor roborated by all experience. Their sum and substance is, that every man. in the exercise of his calling, has a right to protection from fraud and violence, but not from fair competition, from whatever quarter, whether do mestic or foreign, it may come. Whoever wishes pro tection from competition wishes not fair play, but more —that is, unfair favour. Protection, the watchword of monopolists, in the sense of protection from com petition, is . a barbarism that • should be abolished, not only in law, but even in language and In idea. A better cause cannot be conceived or wished, than that of unmixed and resolute hostility to this abuse of protec tion. It is the cause of the nation against special inter cats—of self-evident right against the most flagrant wrong—of sense against nonsense. To suppose that the monstrous system of protection from competition will not give way before further discussion, deliberation, and ex perience, would be a satire on the nation and age, and little less than an imputation on ProVidence. The balance of trade - was hardly a grosser absurdity, and not nearly so mischievous as this protection. If there is not an extraordinary interruption in the march of intelli gence, the day cannot be distant when this preposterous folly will be consigned to the limbo of exploded fallacies —the more abhorred and despised from the extent to which it had injured the interests, and imposed on the understandings of men. Those who resume political as cendancy as defenders of this erroneous and pernicious • system, occupy ground that is constantly being swept away. A loss of power through an attack on this scandal of the national policy, must be temporary, if there is any reliance to be placed on the progressive enlightenment of the public mind. Reformers will become more discriminatinm—abandon ing some proposals that have been hastily adopted, but which would, in truth, not advance civilization, but cause it to retrograde. Their views will be developed and rationalized. They will learn to supply the serious de ficiencies in the approaches to justice, which alone they have yet ventured. Civil and religions freedom haveyet to be vindicated as much as commercial. National self government must be more distinctly established, The very name of Protestant ascendancy, either political or ecclesiastical, must cease to be heard in connexion with Ireland.—Scotsman. SOME OF THE ADVANTAGES OF TRADE. The influence of commerce upon national wealth is only indirect. Those engaged in commercial undertak ings make no change in the articles they buy and sell. They merely barter one sort of produce for another ; and, generally speaking, what is given is the exact equi valent of what is got. The advantage of the exchange —and it is not easy to overrate its importance—consists in its enabling those who produce the commodities or articles that form the subject matter of commerce, to carry on their business without interruption. The in tervention of merchants and dealers gives a continuous motion to the plough and the-loom. They collect and distribute all sorts of commodities ; they buy of the farmers and manufacturers the things they have to sell ; and bringing together every variety of useful and desirable articles in shops and warehouses, individuals are able, without difficulty or loss of time, to supply themselves with whatever they want. Were the class of dealers an nihilated, that division of labour in agriculture and manu factures, to which they are indebted for most part of their progress, would be wholly destroyed. The moment an individual had produced a quantity of wheat, of cloth, or of shoes, he would be obliged to leave his peculiar occupation, and to endeavour first to dispose of his produce, and next to find out the various individuals possessed of, and willing to part with, the different •articles required for his consumption. Under such cir cumstances it would not be possible to confine ourselves to one employment ; and every family would be obliged to undertake the manufacture of most things required for its support. All the advantage of co-operation and combination would -be lost, society would be thrown back into primeval barbarism, and would not possess a tenth part of the accommodations that are now enjoyed. But this is not all. Besides enabling individuals to addict themselves in preference to such employments as suit their tastes or capacities, and to prosecute them without interruption, commerce gives birth to a territo 'rial division of labour. Different countries, and different provinces of the same country, different situation, soil, climate, and production ; some are admirably fitted for the produce of corn and wool, but are without wine and silk ; some have rich mines, while their cultivated lands are poor and scanty ; some are overrun by forests, while others can hardly boast of a solitary tree ; nor is there, in point of fact, a single country, however rich in native products, that would not, if' confined to its own re sources, be destitte of many articles indispensable to a comfortable existence. But by the establishment of a free commercial intercourse, what is deficent in one district is balanced by what is superfluous in another; and an in dustrious nation enjoys whatever is useful, rare or valu able in all the countries and climates of the world. As soon as a commercial intercourse grows up each people endeavours to avail itself of a peculiar means of produc tion. Capital and industry are diverted in preference to those employments iu which the physical circumstances of,particular countries or the genius of their inhabitants esp,'cially fit them to excel; while, by exchanging such portions of their peculiar produce as exceed their own consumptitin for the peculiar articles raised by others, each is suppliCl with all that is elsewhere obtainable;_ at the same time the Productive powers are sti m ul a t e d to the utmost, and thils she wealth of the world is immea surably increased. It is e.'us that by distributing the various articles suitable for the comfort and accommoda tion of man in different and distant regions, Providenc.? has provided for their mutual dependence, and made the selfish pursuits of individuals and nations su!)servient to the general good.—A Statistical Account of the .oritis l3 Empire. [We have thought it right to reproduce these renues for the benefit of some of our Contemporaries, who Weal, by their daily lucubrations, never to have read a line of any work on political economy, and to be as ignorant of as of Chaldee. For example, they see nothing in trade than the mere exchange of our cottons for the wheat of Prussia ; and all the secondary consequences of trade, such as extended division of labour, the stimulus it gives to extend the new wants it creates and satisfies, the friendly relations it establishes between people politi cally different and politically hostile, are wholly over looked. For the benefit of these ignorant but public instructors, some political economy " readings" shall, as on this occasion, be from time to time inserted.] THE HALIFAX MAIL STEAMER, LIVEW rooL, THUBSDAY.-At one o'clock yesterday, the noble steamer, Colombia, Captain Judkins, left our port with upwards of one hundred passengers, carrying her Ma jesty's royal mail-bags for Canada and the United States, under the care of Lieut. Jones, R.N. LATENT VEGETATION.—Some ground turned up in Bushy-park in winter, which had probably not been disturbed since the time of Charles the First, was covered in the following summer with the mignionette, pansies, and wild raspberries, none of which grow in th e ncighbOurhood. MORNING SUN. MONEY and.CONIMERCIAL E ,t . . . . CITY, _FRIDAY EVENING. English Stocks were steadier' to-day. Consols were quoted 891 to 891, for Money, and 89-a. to 891 for the Account, both closing at the highest rates. Exche quer Bills we 14s. to 16s. premium. The New Three- • and-a-Half per Cents. realised 981 to -g-, the Three per Cents. Reduced Annuities 891 to 90, and the Old Three and-a-Half per Cents. 984 to 1. Bank Stock was dull tail is! 12 dlr s . at 1691, and East India Stock at 247. - '2' . - • 4 1 There was no rally in Foreign Stock to-day. At last :4.1' 1 . the Committee of Spanish Bondholders have attended . to -I '9in , the voice of their constituents, or at least of the ins- k...,0 11t 0 jority of them, by accepting the proposals of the Spanhh -.0 1 g 1 41 4 Government for capitalizing the arrears of interest into •:' ,34 an Active Three per Cent. Stock, by which means we ~ .,i, may hope, ere long, to receive back a fraction, at any rate, of the immense sums loaned. The Active Bon ds : ,r were 19a to 1 , and the Deferred of 1839 at 15. P4a-tu guese New Five per Cents. were ut 294, and the Three per Cents. at 18. Colombian were a shade better, viz., 20i. Brazilian of 1839 were at 601, Neapolitan at pe r, Danish at 79, Russian at 114:1, .and Dutch Five p er Cents. at 102 k. The Railway Shares were r a th er d u ll to-day. Great Western shares were 191 to 181, the New S to i ; the Fifths, sto i ; the Grand Junction, Half Sharcs,_so ; -- .„41 the London and 13irtriingham Quarter 17i ; and North Midland 29 ; and the South 'Western 131- ..;1;• 01 .4 ,1 1 to 13k premium. The Brighton were Gi• to 7 ; (Awl - .. •.,: ol d ., tenham and Great Western 44 • and South Eastern 2u.1 ~: , fil i At discount. London Joint Stock ' Bank Shares were 2i,.,,f0 ' l t . i 4 ,I . the York ~,,,,e and Union Bank of Australia 6 to 54. premium. The Foreign Exchanges w ere flat this afternoon. Bills on Paris were taken at 25f. 571 e: to 60c. ; on Ana" stet-dam at 12 3k to . .1 ; on Antwerp at 12 31 ; on Frankfort, at 149 k to k ; on Haraburgh at 13 91 ; a il s' on Trieste at 9 52 to 54. (From The Sun of Last Night.) LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET, AUG. 5.—A rather better business has been done in the Cotton Market this day, the sales comprise 3,000 bales. Both exporters and speculators have been inactive. Prices continue :It ou r last quotations. The Market is quiet. LIVERPOOL SHARE MARKET, AUG. 5.—A moderate business has been done at the Stock Exchange this daY• The following comprise the transactions rand Junc tion One-half Shares; 98 ; Chester and Crewe, 49 ; Gr eat Western New Shares, 58. MANCHESTER STOCK EXCHANGE, AUG. s.—There is still little doing in shares, and pri ces rat h er d ec lining' London and South Western, 521 ; Manchester O A " Leeds, 50 ; North Midland Tiirds, J Manchester to": • Birmingham, 21 21 ; London an d Bi rm i ng h a m, 16 0 161 ; Ditto, New, 32 1. , 24 24+. • By the arrival of the Indemnity at Deal from r° rt Philip, papers from that place to the Bth April W e been received, but they do no t conta i n any news of inte rest. Flour had, if anything, fallen in price, it may 1 . be purchased at 321. to 341. ; M aur iti us S ugar scarce , 3 5 to 36/. By the arrival of the Veloce at. Plymouth from th e Cape of Good Hope, papers to the 2d June have been received, from which we take the following : " ESTABLISHMENT OF A CHAMBER OF COMMERCE . . "At a meeting of the Members of the Commeroei • Exchange, held at the Commercial-room, on 21st MaY' Francis Collison, Esq., in the Ch a i r , it w as re' esolved that a hamber of Commerce shall be estg" blished in this town, and wo are glad to obser ve that the mercantile community are alive to the import:lac! of representing themselves by an associated body. 16 has our best wishes. Th e a d van t age t o b e d er i ve d IN In this Association are incalculable, particularly to ping trade of the colony.A public meeting was to take place on th e 12th June , to take into consideration the depressed s t a t e of the whl e , trade. Too long, indeed, has this m o st i m p or t an t W:ce of the colony b een neg l ecte d, an d we t h ere f ore rejoleet to see that the wi ne merc h an t s , or w i ne. f armers , are last rousing them se l ves t o a proper a d vocacy o f their own interests. t h e ship- (Fro the Port Pkll Hera of.) A new m era has dawned ip on Port ld the b in Phillip th April e launch of the first steamer yet built in tifis colony. She is named the Fairy Queen, and m easures 60 f eet f ro m ste ul to stern. It is the intention of the proprietors to run her va the river, and amongst the shippi ng i n th e h ar b ou r; grea t praise is due to the proprietors, Messrs. Manton and Co" who not only are laying for themselveS the foundation of a handsome fortune, b u t are a l so conferring iwPort4l3t benefits on their fellow-countrymen in general. Bot but .nth Markets closed flat and heavy last night, - _ opened this morning rather fi rmer . C onso l s are now 894 t- for Money, and 891 1 for the Account ; Three per Cents. Reduced, 90 ; Three-and-a-Half per Cents? 984 99 ; Bank Stock, 1681 1691 ; Exchequer Bills, 14 16 prem. Spanish Active Stock, 191 ; Portuguese Five P er Cents. 291 301 ; Ditto Three per Cents., 171 184. . n . Money continues very pl en tif u l, b ut t h ere is n°„. e , provement either in the state or p ros p ec t s o f trade. The accounts from the manufacturin g di s t r i cts are, ifl , " ss re more gloomy than ever. Large c oncerns i n '.aWl's bi ' l , are about to be closed in con sequence o f d ec li n ing tra de, by which thousands of oper a ti ves w ill b e t h ro wn out u, employment. t 'There has been but little a c ti v ity aga i n t o -day "' in e Share Market. Great West ern N ew are SS-.1- Ch .; gag tenham and Great Western, 21 ; Grand Juliette!' Shares,_ Km:l,. London and Birmingham Q u arter"' 22i ; South Western, 52i. No alteration has taken place in the7Corn Alarket- The partial cessation of rain within the 1.1 dMY „sr two, though it has allayed in some measure the appre hension existing with regard to the crops, does not seen' yet to have checked speculations in foreign corn, bonded wheat being now 4s. to ss. per quart e r d earer t h an on Monday, and English Is. to 2s. higher, with a good de mand. The arrivals of foreign grain also continue on rather a largo scale, and the average duty has declined to 21s. Bd., with a confident expectation on the part o f the dealers that it will be much, lower yet. Consols, Money, 89f ; Consols, Account, 89i ; Colombian, 20 I- ; Mexican 251 26 ; Spanish 194 20. Nothing doing to cause any remark. 'CLOSING PRICES. BRITISH FUNDS. Bank Stock ........ ....... 1691 'lndia 5t0ck...... .........247 3 per Cent Red. 9O Ditto Bonds —Pm 3 per Cent Cons B9l Ditto Old Annuities .•• 67 i 31 per Cent Red.. 9Bl 'Ditto New Annuities... New 31 per Cent 9Bl I Ex. Bills, 1,000/....21d 16 pin New 5 per Cent — Ditto 500/ l6 pis Long Annuities to expire Ditto Small l6 V I Jan. 1860. l2 15-16 Bank Stock for Acct 174 Oct 1859 l2i ;India Stock for 0pg.... -- Jan. 1860. Consols for Acct B9l FOREIGN FUNDS. 'Portuguese, 5 per cent. --- Ditto, New Ditto Prussian, 5 per cent --:, Russian, 5 per c e nt 1147 Ditto, Metallic --- Spanish, 5 per cent l9l Ditto, Deferred. •• French, 5 per cent. —f. —e ' Exchange • —f. -- C. French, 3 per cent. —f. — 6 Dutch, 21 per cent. - Ditto 5 per cent 1021 Austrian, 5 per cent Belgian, 5 per cent Brazilian 80nd5.... Buenos Ayres, 6 per cent Chilian, 6 per cent — Colombian, 6 per cent — Ditto, 1824. Danish, 3 per cent 79 Greek, 1825, 5 per cent — Mexican, 5 per cent — Ditto, 6 per cent, 1825 — Peruvian,lB2s, 6 per ct — _ SHARES" - Cheltenham and Great Western (62k paid) 21 ' Great Western Railway (65 paid) B3} Ditto New Shares (50 paid &1 Ditto Fifth (4 paid) 9 Grand Junction Railway (100 paid) — Ditto Half Shares (30 paid) London and Brighton (50 paid) 43 London and Birmingham Railway (90 pi) Ditto Quarter Shares ( 5 paid) London and South Western Ditto Tenths (14 paid) ... ...... ... l4 South Eastern Ind Dover (38 paid)... 173 York and North Midland Railway (50 paid) 79 COURSE OF EXCHANGE—(YESTERDAY). Amsterdam CF. 12 7 'Gibraltar... Ditto, at sight Rotterdam ...2 U. 12 7 , Genoa Antwerp l2 64 Milan Hamburgh M.8.13 124 Venice 47 Altona Paris, 3 days' sight ... 25 50 'Palermo, per oz 1184 Ditto, 3 months 25 70 Lisbon Marseilles Hour deaux 25 80 Rio Janeiro '27 Frankfort on Maine... 1503 Bahia Petersburgh, 3Us ... 374 Buenos Ayres Berlin... 7 New York, 21 days sight 464 Vienna, effec. fl. 3M. 952 Philadelphia 46 Trieste, ditto 9 56 PRICES or lummox, PER oz. Madrid ... Cadiz 13ilboa Barcelona Seville ... 36 Silver in Bars .0 sOh • ANALYSIS OF THE CONSTITUENCY OF TIIS UNITED KINGDOM.—In England and \Vales there are 63 borOughs, with a gross constituency of 21,175 electors , being an average of 336 each, which return 90 Members ; and 61, with a gross constituency of 44,115 electors, be ing an average of 723 each, which return 102 Members.' In Scotland,qour boroughs, with 1,351 electors and an average of 338 each, return four Members ; and 17, wit h 12,279 electors, an average of 772 each, return 17 Mem bers. In Ireland, 17 boroughs, with a constituency- of 5,230, averaging 308 each, return 17 Members ; and nine boroughs, with, 6,559, averaging 728 each, return 10 Members. From the foregoing analysis it appears, that in England and Wales; 124 places, with an average Of 526 electors each, return 191 Members ; whilst the P°' pulous and wealthy cities and boroughs of London West minster, Tower' Hamlets, Finsbury, Marylcbone, Man chester, and Liverpool (the emporium of the trade of the world), the gross constituencies of which amount to 100,202 electors, being an 'average of 14,313 each, re turn but 16 ! In Scotland, 21, with an average of 6 50 each, return 21 Members ; while the important towns of Edinburgh and Glasgow, with 14,135 electors, nu average of 7,067 each, return but 4 ! And in Ire land, 26 boroughs, with a constituency averaging 453 each, return 27 Members ; whilst the city of Dublin, with 12,290 electors, returns but 2 ! The united result will slitnv, that in the Commons' Parliament of the United Kingdom, 171 boroughs, with a constituency of 90,70 9 electors, being an average of but 530 each, return 239 Members ; whilst 10 of the most important cities and boroughs, with a itaited constituency of 126,627, hero an average of upwards of 12,662 044, 14.48 an but V England and Wales, with a constituency of 818,7 30 electors, - return 500 Members, being an acme of 1,637 each'Member. Scotland, with a constituency of 79,01 4 4 returns 53, au average of 1,491 nearly far mill member. Ireland, with a constituoncy.of 108,057, returns 1 05 , an average of 1,037 for each Member. The United King doms, with a constituency of 1,006,702 electors, retul ., 653, being an average of 1,537 nearly each Member. Toi „ put all upon a just and fair equality, no constituency of less than 1,500 electors should return one Member, nor any of less than 8.000 two... There are eight bor ou g h s Under 200 electors each, 20 from 2 to 300, 42 from 3 to 400, 14 from 4to 500, 20-from sto 600, i t from 600 to 7 ()0, I oE from . 7di7 u to , Brgooa6o Courant. 8 to 900, and .16 1 lan a 900 t 100 , r ' ,~.~ is