The Sun. — London, England, 1841-05-24 00:00:00

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The inhabitants of the borough met on Friday, in the Salford T own -h all. The room was nearly full at the cOmmencement of the proceedings ; and, upon the plat form, we observed nearly every gentleman of Liberal opinions in the borough, with several Conservatives, in cluding Mr. 11. Hoole, Mr. R. Gardner, &c. The B oroughreeve , G. H. HALI„ Esq was called to the ch a i r. The CHAIRMAN, after stating that the meeting was convened in consequence of a very numerous and respect ably signed requisition of gentlemen of all political par ties, which he read, said, he hoped this would not be consider e d a party question.--(Hear, hear.) He had witnessed in foreign countries the alarming strides they w ere making in manufactures, purely because they had Advantages which we do not possess.—(Applause.) Mr. IL HOOLE, in rising to move the first resolution, said he h a d done so under the two assurances from the Chairrnan—that this should not be made a party ques tion, and that he should not be taken into custody.— (Laughter.) He had to deal with a question of fact, not of °Pmion. Was it not an alarming fact, that the trade O this district continued in a state of distress unparal leled in the memory of living Man ? It was, however, • very d ifficult to make them believe this fact in London ; that there was here a vast population in want of the com mon necessari es o f lif e . It wa s, therefore, necessary for us to meet, and state our views as to the course to be taken in this crisis. We had been in this state for the last four years ; he had foreseen, from being largely en gaged in f ore i gn transactions, that we must inevitably , ar rive at point wh en we cou ld no longer profitably em ploy our population.—(H ear .) The time had arrived. After the passing of the Reform Bill, a measure which he had hailed, one of the first subjects which ought to have engaged the attention of the Reformed Parliament, Was c ommercial reform—(Hear)--and the postponement of this to party disputes was an act of most egregious fo lly. If th e R eform Bill did not repeal the Corn-laws, idid f it failed in its object, and if the Reformed Parliament not repeal the Corn-laws, we might as well not have had reform. —(Applause.) It was a new idea he de rived from a speaker yesterday, that the tax to the mono and the ru l e is a t r. l ; r eceded the payment of taxes to the State. — Don't let the sugar planter fleece us first, Governinent tax us afterwards.—(Hear.) Very fe w persons, comparatively speaking, understood the natur e of our commerce with Brazil. We spun, wove, aad pri nted certain descriptio i nsof cloth, which were sent by ou r merchants to Brazil, in return for which they sendt o ived sugar and coffee, which they were o b liged to nturiburg and Amsterdam ; and the Germans ate and drank the sugar and coffee cheaper than those by whose labour it was purchased.—(" Shame.") He was no fanatic or revolutionist, but a man who ought at this inoment to he employing 800 work people ; but if he did 30, he should be destroying his own and his family's Prospects. He felt for himself and his children ; he felt also for the wh o l e wor ki ng p o p u l a tion of Lancashire ; • an d he had told Members of Parliament in London that we must have an immediate alteration : for that, while th ey were talking the people were starving.—(Applause.) ROBERT GARDNER, in seconding the resolution, k s aid, if he were a dd ress i ng t h e H ouse o f L or d s or — " s e of Commons, he would not be understood ; but only reduce th em to the wages oftwenty shillings a week, t apd if they had wives and families, he would guarantee p2ey would then understand the question.—(Applause.) l'he whole of the earnings of the poor man must be ab sorbed in food ; and consequently, he could not employ tail ors, hatters, shoemakers, &c. The landed aristocracy and interest were absolutely levying a tax upon every poor t l a a an in th e ki ngdom, that took precedence of Government and prevented them spending anything in tea, su r,.l,• , B cc. He (Mr. Gardner) had now two car goes of sugar "'Jung from Brazil, received in return for yarn and clo th ; and, though a fair quality of brown sugar, he s ho uld be glad to sell it at 2d. a pound ; but, for such a u gar as the people here must consume, he could get 7d. f pound ' • the duty on colonial sugar being 3d. and on sug ar r e• ign 74(1. a pound. As Lord Palmerston said, sciencesgar got to a certain price, we lost our con , and could then consume slave-grown sugar.— that,cos, if wwere tO pay ls. a pound, we should require. 100,000 tons ; if we paid 10d. we should require 140,000 tons ; if we got it at Bd. we should use 180,000 to ns ; and if at 6 d. t h e pr i ce at w hi c h goo d b rown sugar "light to be, , we should use 250,000 tons.—(Hear.) If he told Sir Rob er t P ee l, th a t to-morrow he should have , ( TIY half th e quant i ty o f f oo d h e h a d h a d to-day, and if 'tr Robert Peel said—" That's not enough," and he w ere to reply—" I say it is enough, and it shall be sa°ugh"—this would b e in f ac t w h a t Si r R o b er t P ee l Said to the people of this country with respect to the con sumption of sugar.—(Applause.) This was the last time he would a pp ear at a public meeting—(" No, no")—till all were agreed among themselves. Now he would tell t hem what he was. "I am understood to be a Tory," continued Mr. Gardner ; " but I will tell you what my v iews are. lam prepared with all my h an d an d h ear t, yb all lawful means, cordially and sincer e ly t o join either ory, C onser v a tiv e , Whig,, Radical, or Chartist—( H ear) Ito accomplish this great object.—(lmmen se cheering.) am quite satisfied it is essential to our very existence ; and without this, as a nation, we are as sure to go down as possible."—(Hear.) He wanted the poor man to have three pounds of sugar for id. ; but Sir Robert Peel and the planters had only to make sugar 15d. or 18d. a pound, and 15,000 tons would be sufficient for our con snaraption ; because it would be far out of the reach of j 7 Poor man.—(Hear.) But our consumption ougt to e 3 00,000 tons. In 1835 it was 220,000 tons ; h our ;77anrlation increased a thousand a day, or 365,000 a • , ; yet last year we only consumed 187,000 tons, b e "3,000 tons less than in 1835.—(Hear.) If we had s e e , unfettered in commerce, with corn at a moderate f t , ee, we might have been now in a state of comfort, sta s t te a d of one of starvation.—(Hear, hear.) It was toil ed in some of the papers to-day, that we were going t o fb av ea general election. Now, he would say nothing everywho olitical score ; but he would say, that m andid not vote for those who had deter raed to support free and unrestricted trade, ought to starved,la L o as . he would be.—(Hear.) He had been taunted b; with our divisions and dissensions in Lan teitre ; he believed that this immense county had not Be e : ei ght of a feather with Government ; and why ? other of of us were on one side, and 100 of us on the oiv a (Hear ,) Till we could determine to protect our in terenterests and promote commerce, which is the real ei h s t t i of the country, we should not have our proper was x ,„ n o the scale. The landed interest and our interest w el d e d --- 71 the same, if we could but understand it. He ta re ,. auln it, that the mills and property of the manufac come l o v( add be first sacrificed ; but what would next be ' were deshe green fields—(Hear)—after our manufactures to recu r y, ? And manufactures were never known fhre t ura to had which they had once left.—(Hear.) ne.ver had done ,• they never would do; and, there it w "' 4 \% s hile we still had possession of our foreign markets, coa,„,°ar duty to support free trade. He concluded by whi" e i s gtulatin g the meeting on their orderly conduct ; of w i l 4 differed advantageously from the noise and uproar Oth at he called the bear-garden, in Manchester, the er day t er , • uOUN TAYLOR was quite satisfied that, if this sys ari,towa3 contin ue d s i x mont h s l onger , th e b as i s o f t h e /z d) faey would be destroyed. th at L'Ea'r 11 .4.ti0N, an operative, said they had been told ca ste " or twelve millions of the population were not kach alers n) the manufacturers. The reason was, that (N ut " had been invented to do away with their labour. it tv " ,'lnestion," and hisses.) The question was whether enk ;a e ul be better for the people of this country to be th ei ° to become purchasers of manufactures, or whe eorti , the . i nlanufactures should go abroad in exchange for bl a ,C ll " sugar, grown by the slaves of Russia, and the badly slaves of Brazil. The manufacturers were not so s q l3; o rie fr as they pretended to be. ar i d iIIoMAS POTTER moved the second resolution, vailerngratulated them on the unanimity which pre lim There were two millions of people in Yorkshire the Lancashire, and they had only to be united to get all inteYtwkanted. The examinations which had been made cow , th e state of the poor, were most appalling ; and he h ad 'u vouch for the accuracy of the statements which th a jone forth. But he did not despair. He hoped IvOetter days were dawning upon them. S o tr: TROMAS BAZLEY, jun. late the boroughreeve of ta ro ° " l, seconded the resolution. Our course of legisla hut- had not been for the benefit of the whole country ; time of the Legislature had been absorbed by the s oix ,sections who sat in Parliament, who contrived to 4r , t nis country far beyond whatrevenne taxation would e i t ° not to. We paid twenty millions for the email ' lif e a : f i°° _,. of the slaves ; but, last year, we paid the indians four millions in excess for sugar more 1v,7 1 ,we could have got it for in the markets of the th -r '°- W e h a d paid them nearer a hundred millions alllaoat t wenty, whilst we were taxed by the State to the wi thi 7 k t of fifty millions. He believed he should be 110 a the truth if he stated, that the tax by the mo .4,polists was more than a hundred millions. Of the th e millions which were raised by taxes, thirty was for 4;leenntational debt, and twenty for the expenses of Govern lop,the army, and the navy ; but the monopolists got sw a ll:',.., llll °as. Let them not be straining at gnats, and , I 'vmg camels. Our Legislature had paid attention st every - thing, prisons, workhouses, police, and 0 ,7 1 e other things ; but the distresses of the people they ultislooked. We had been told by our Legislature, that our 4 Corn-law s were enacted to prevent famine. Would tb,as e g is lature be wiser th an P rov id ence , w hi c h made d ni f e er P e tual winter ? W e cou ld h ave com f orts i n abun n if th e l aws would permit us.—(Great c h eer i ng .) selv:°Ped w e s h ould no longer quarrel amongst our tlistr: as to the m o d e o f re li ef, when we saw the general te around us ; but endeavour with all our energies A l f ! .. 7g back prosperity to this hive of industry. :.".011I1RT CHADWICK in moving the third resolu liee__rs. ferred to a few articles of the tariff to show the u ri ",,,'_ l , ty of amelioration. To show how inoperative the e en ;': ; ‘‘lts, the duty on French goods was 30 to 35 per in the smuggler was always at hand to lay down "i° o 1 , 3 1 he warehouse here for a duty of 10 per cent. ; beelLia.attitchee. .tariff . was a disgrace to any country. It had d eignmuoartanncoei baenudncdaerrrsitoedodouats advocatingin crulty f 4 r"- b , d e t 'P ad injustic ee to pay 50 millions a year r aa _ s ;so long as we had to ,he should be deluding the people he attempted it Persuade them we were in a posltionl to take upfree f a de• But he contended for a reduction of duties, and 11 ( 1 ) ( 1 : a l_Pr°Pert •--tax ; end till Government taxed property, suo tiklne Y ver think them sincere in legislating for the ve °,Ple. had WILLIAM HARVEY, in seconding the resolution, ,enuncnt e rejoiced that the attention of thebGoi t‘ l at length, though at the eleventh hour, deeean. directed. tr.our coinrnereial restrictions, and to the ufproaitiiittu.hteimonboyf -working classes. It had been forced„) the' . • revenue own thstresses, and the difficulty ; without which, we should have heardsinnOgth!he • pprieeese measures, either from Whigs or Tories. The oab f grain on the Continent, for a number of year s .eraged 32:,. 10d. a quarter, while here it had been h2,:i it come duty free, we might have it at 10s, a quarter above the continental prices. 11,470.474 hat there was now great distress in this town, 111411 ° 1 * of 'the overseers, there were in the borough 1,781 empty houses, and that in order to get the rates, they had been under the necessity, since the 15th of last March, to issue 167 summonses.—(Hear.) Had the families who had quitted the houses, now empty, left the neighbourhood ? No : they were con- Fregated three or four together in one place, to the in jury of their health, morals, and of all social order. — (Hear.) Bruce, the traveller, speaking of the trade of Tyre, Sidon, and Egypt, said that " War disperses wealth in the very instant it acquires it ; but commerce, well regulated, constantly . and honestly supported, and carried on with economy, is the only thing that ever did enrich kingdoms ; and 100 hands employed at the loom will bring to a country more riches and abundance than ten thousand, bearing spears and shields."--(G reat ap plause.) Their acclamations satisfied him that they agreed in the truth of these observations. It had been said by another eminent writer 50 or 60 years ago, that folly, infatuation, and vice, formed the principal revenue of every country. But here bread was taxed. The pre sent tax was 235. Bd. at the present price. Government proposed a tax of Bs. Some Peers in the House of Lords exclaimed against this, as a tax upon the bread of the poor, while they supported the present law, which imposed a tax of 235. Bd. He called upon them to be united, and repeal all these laws.—(A voice, " And the Poor-law.") And the Poor-law too.—(Applause.) Repeal those laws, and the Poor-law would be a dead letter ; as they could then help themselves. Mr. IVm. LOCKETT moved the fourth resolution, and said, that having been overseer two years, in 1834 and 1835, and being at present a Poor-law Guardian, he saw the difference in this short time, in the condition of the working classes ; those who had been able at the former period to pay their taxes, he found now reduced to pau perism. Last Friday, there were 118 applications for relief to the Board of Guardians—(Hear, hear) — and there must be some cause for this.—(Applause.) He had examined into the condition of the agricultural labourer. He had taken from the 6th volume of the Poor-law Commissioners' report, the account of ten agri cultural counties, the population of which, according to the last census, was 289,960. Of these, the number of paupers receiving relief was 17,032, being 74 per cent, or 1 in every 13 inhabitants ; the cost of maintaining them was 2s. 3d. per head for each pauper, most of whom were kept in the workhouse ; and the expense per head per inhabitant was Bs. 84d. This was from Christmas 1838 to Christmas 1839, at a time when corn was high, and when, according to the Corn-law people, the agri cultural people ought to have been prosperous. He con cluded by moving the resolution. Mr. Moaiiis seconded the resolution. He was no po litician, and belonged to no party ; but, like Mr, Gardner, would go with that man, of whatever party, who would do us most good. He got his bread in a cottton factory, and knew the situation of the trade at this moment. It had been said that the manufacturers were not suffering ; but he would tell them, both master and man were badly off. Mr. Aaron Lees had one mill within three miles of Manchester, which cost 120,0001. ; and when he failed three years ago, his creditors were offered 75,000/. for the premises and machinery, and they refused it. For the last six months they had had that place under offer at 40,000/. and they had not had a single bid. Now, if manufacturing was so good a trade, he was quite satisfied money might be found some where, for somebody to go into it, in this mill.—(Hear.) He (Mr. Morris) had called his overlookers together last week, and put it to them whethar they would work short time, or go to lower wages, as other manufacturers had done, and they agreed to drop wages. They dropped from 12s. 4d. to l ls. 4d. for a pair of looms ; and was he benefited by that reduction ? No ; but three-fold worse. Some time ago, he (Mr. Morris) had repealed the malt-tax and the spirit-tax for himself—(Hear) — but he could not take off the bread-tax.—(Hear.) In union was strength •, let them be determined to have honest men in Parliament, and none else, and then we should be secure.—(Applause.) Mr. JAMES BARROW, a working man out of employ ment, said, their superiors had been longer in feeling the distress than the working classes had ; but they would feel it when there was no work for the people. He did not want to pull down machinery, but to extend it, while he stood by and watched it. They could not see s many American flour barrels flying about as there were a year and a half ago ; but, if the Corn-laws were repealed, we should have plenty. Mr. CHARLTON, in proposing the fifth resolution, for a memorial to her Majesty, said that he heartily con curred in its prayer ; and he had no doubt it would re ceive that kind attention which her Majesty had ever evinced towards the wants and wishes of her people. He would tell " the farmer's friend" and the Earl of Ripon that there was a torrent of free inquiry which all the hypocrisy and power of both Houses could not stem. Already the sun of the abolition of these laws had begun to gild the mountain tops.—(Applause.) Mr. DILWORTH seconded the motion. Mr. DUGAN said that the meeting was all wrong. There had been a majority of the Irish Members voting for the repeal of the Corn-laws—(Applause)—and next election they would have eighty-four Members from Ire land to support it. In conclusion, he proposed three cheers for the Queen and her Ministers, which were heartily given. The motion was then passed unanimously. The proceedings terminated at two o'clock. The meet ing at one period comprised as many persons as the Hall could conveniently accommodate. The following petition, incorporating the resolutions, was unanimously adopted : To the Commons of Great Britain and Ireland. Showeth,—That, viewing with the deepest apprehen sion and alarm the intense misery and suffering of the labouring population, consequent on the continued and unparalleled prostration of the trade of this district, your petitioners earnestly call upon your Honourable House to adopt such measures as will afford prompt and adequate relief. That your petitioners attribute the existing commer cial embarrassment and distress chiefly to the operatioi, of those unwise and unjust laws which deny the right of the people to exchange the produce of their labour for the productions of other countries, and which sanction the iniquitous monopolies in corn and other food. That your petitioners rejoice that the attention of hei Majesty's Government has been directed to the modifi- cation of our restrictive laws, and that it desires to ren der our customs' duties subservient to the revenue of the country, whereby our commerce will be extended, and our industrious and productive classes supplied with every necessary of life. Your petitioners therefore humbly pray that measures, thus leading to the removal of the great evils under which this community is so deeply suffering, may not be obstructed ; and that your Honourable House will not pause in the career of amelioration in our commercial relations until all protective duties and all monopolies. especially those in corn and other food, are abolished. BANGOR AN TI-CORN-LAW MEETING. In pursuance of a requisition, addressed to the Church wardens, this meeting took place, at the Ebenezer Cha pel, on Friday, the 14th instant, the use of the National School having been refused. The attendance was highly creditable to the good feeling of the inhabitants. It was in fact the most numerously attended public meeting that has ever been witnessed in Bangor, an both Whigs and Tories heartily joined in the cause. The Ministers have earned golden opinions throughout the country by th , ' liberal commercial policy developed in the Budget, and should a dissolution take place they will no doubt be nobly supported by the people. Mr. B. M. Griffith was called to the chair. Mr. R. PARRY moved a series of resolutions. The Rev. ARTHUR JONES translated the resolution: into the Welsh language, and seconded their adoption. The CHAIRMAN asked if any one objected to the reso lutions, or had any amendment to move; and no objec tion being made, nor amendment moved, they were unanimously, and with one acclamation, agreed to. Mr. 0. 0. ROBERTS congratulated the meeting upon the spirit manifested by the inhabitants of Bangor, and hoped they would continue their exertions in so good a cause. The Corn-laws, he stated, were injurious to every honest class of society, but more especially to the agri cultural classes. He heartily congratulated the meeting upon having, through the kindness of the Rev. Mr. Jones, a place to meet in to further so good a cause. They had been refused the use of the National School, which, upon all occasions, was at the service of every tramper that came across the country with a fiddle at his back. They, thanks to a Dissenting Minister, had a door opened to them, to advocate the cause of the poor, the naked, and the hungry. The Rev. A. JONES addressed the meeting in Welsh. upon the subject which had called them together, in a most forcible speech, which produced a great effect upon his hearers. He pointed out the unscriptural nature of the Corn-laws, as oppressing the poor, and restricting commercial intercourse between nation and nation; and called upon every one to join heart and hand in getting them blotted out of the Statute-book. He emphatically put it to every elector that he should be satisfied, before giving his vote, that the candidate was for a repeal 01 the Corn-laws, the abolition of Church-rates, and a sup porter of the Vote by Ballot. The Reverend Gentle man, at the conclusion of his address, was most cordially cheered; and the meeting separated, highly pleased with the proceedings, and fully determined to give effect to the resolutions ;idopted. The petitions were most numerously signed, and form a curious contrast, in that respect, with the generality of petitions lately got up in Bangor.—Carnarvon Herald. ADELAIDE GALLERY.—THE TERPODION.-- -A highly respectable and numerous audience attended at the Gallery of Practical Science, Strand, on Saturday, to hear a performance on this new instrument. Mr. Bushmann, the son of the inventor, and his lady, played several airs from " Masaniello," and other favourite operas, which were loudly applauded. The sounds pro duced combined the qualities of the bassoon, violoncello, and the molian harp. The touch of this instrument is different from any hitherto invented, although a pianist, with a little practice, would soon accomplish it. As an opportunity is afforded at the Gallery to witness this piece of mechanism, the ingenious will, without doubt, be highly pleased with its construction, and the lover of combined and beautiful sounds will derive great pleasure on hearing the melody which it is capable of producing. Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent has, we hear, postponed - her intended journey to the Conti nent in consequence of the prolongation of the sojourn of their Serene Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Leinin gen, who have been so much gratified by the splendour and gaieties of the British Court and high life at this animated period of the London season as to induce them to re main in this country . some weeks longer than was at first contemplated. Their Serene Hignesses will, we hear, accompany their Royal relative the Duchess of Kent to Germany.—Sunday Paper. We are authorised to state that Sir Robert L. Dundas was prevented by severe indisposition from at tendinz in the House of Commons and voting in favour of the Government ti,., ,, ainst Lord Sandoz resolution, on Tuesday last, the 18th inst. THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY, MAY 24, 1841. THE CORN-LAWS, kc. The Government scheme for beginning a new commercial policy, which Ministers have cast upon the waters of public opinion, expecting to have their bread returned to them after many days, is now fairly afloat; the agitation which the spell was intended to raise is sufficiently ma tured for ajudgment. The Ministerial stratagem has succeeded in producing a commotion in which there is much that is genuine. The offered gift, indeed, is received with distrust; it is even appre ciated below its value, because it is offered by those who have so frequently dealt in counter feits. But it seems to be considered that the Whigs are committed to their new doctrines ; that the doctrines themselves are of too great weight to be lightly treated; that the people of England, stimulated by the indefatigable Free traders, are not likely to be so subservient as the Irish with their Appropriation-clause, broken as the spirit of that people was by the " seven centuries of wrong;" and thus it is concluded that the Whigs must move on with the stream for which they have opened the sluices. Several parties have there fore united to accept the instalment" of free trade offered by the Whigs ; and to that sense, at several of the most influential public meetings,- their acceptance has been limited. This is perhaps the most remarkable feature in the present behaviour of that part of the people who have adhered to the cause : there is a popu lar recognition ofa policy as distinct from a prin ciple. That discipline in the conduct of public affairs, thus forced upon heterogeneous and irre sponsible popular assemblages, is a striking test of the forces of the two causes to which it is due —mistrust of the motives and capacity of the Whigs, and an earnest desire to seize everything which will bring us nearer to free trade. In this way, some of the obstacles to the advance of a comparatively abstract question have been par tially removed; even the obstructive Chartists have in few instances offered a successful or even an active opposition to the agi tation : it is plain that the most intelli gent and most numerous portion of that party ta citly sanction an agitation in which they cannot believe, though they cannot conscientiously resist it. The degree, then, to which popular influence has been made to bear upon the question has been considerable. It will be remembered that both the Anti-Corn-law agitation and the Im port-duties agitation had been commenced oefore Ministers endeavoured to turn them to their own purpose ; still the Reports of the Committee of the House of Commons on Public Petitions show a great advance. The following figures are taken from the last three Reports : May 7. May 11. Pets. Sigs. Pets. Signs. For Corn.law May 14. Pets. Sigs. Repeal 334 126,755...748 304,420...1,607 474,448 Against it 285 13,519...409 21,845... 540 30,934 For Revision of linportDuties 77 35,402... 87 36,957 For the Go. 80 31,462 vernment Mea. sures of Reduc. tion. lB 1,632.. 296 68,617 For proposed Sugar. Duties 20 1,628 Against proposed Timber Duties 7 161 Here is indicated not a little public activity and interest; though those who remember the Reform Bill agitation will smile at any attempt to compare the two. Now, however, the con centration and expression of public opinion are impeded by a variety of causes. When " Re formers" are no longer in office, shrouded by the doting reminiscences of "auld lang sync," the Spirit of forbearance, which now hampers many in their endeavours to support a . Government with which they do not thoroughly agree, will 'nave disappeared : when Whig-Ministerialists tre merged into the general crowd of free-traders, the position of the more zealous agitators' will have a less questionable aspect, than now while every talk of " Liberal measures" is con strued into a sneaking support of ." the Liberal Ministry." When that source of mistrust is re moved, the free-trade party will become larger, more compact, and more united. Thus, Sir R. Peel, who takes office against alteration of the Corn-laws, will encounter an opposition, on that score, differing very materially in strength and energy from the precarious support which Mi nisters now derive from the same source. But while he will sustain a more strenuous attack when he has passed to the other side of the House, he cannot get rid of his landect-interest iiiends; he would find even more difficulty than the Whigs in playing them false. Between two such fires, it is not surprising that the Treasury bench should possess but doubtful attractions for Sir Robert. If, however, he cannot whistle off his landed friends, so neither can any party do so at once, 3r for some time to come : the Whigs have too carefully prepared, in the construction of the Re form Act, to maintain the Pro-Corn-law charac ter of the House of Commons, for the cause which they have newly espoused not to be defeated in its first stages. This House will never repeal the Corn-laws; nor will any exertions at the hustings make the next House repeal them. Immediate success is impossible. The means to that end must be the bringing of a far more overwhelming force of public opinion to bear upon the elections than is indicated by the half-million Anti-Corn law signatures, infinitely diluted with non-elec tors, women, and infants. Success, therefore, is a question for the future : it will be attained most speedily by cool, careful, and exact preparations for it. One is offered by the approaching elec tion : never was question more thoroughly teazed and winnowed than the Corn question will be in the conflict of every opposing interest at public meeting discussions, hustings discussions, New- Parliament discussions—in votes at public meet ings, at the poll, and in the next Session. The discussion will be most effectual in proportion as it is divested of fraudulent and Claptrap pre tences. Not that it will be possible to purify the hustings of a vast amount of humbug; but zealous and sincere men, anxious to promote real commer cial reforms, will not hold out foolish expectations of " cheap bread"—a boon which does not come in question under the proposition at present sub mitted to the country. Nor will they be content with exacting a pledge to vote on this single question. The nom de guerre of" Reformer" sent into the House of Commons some of the most servile of patronage-hunters. A single pledge once being literally fulfilled, the representative who seemed most bound takes his degree as an irresponsible legislator. Honest Free-traders, therefore, will seek to send, not mere voting-ma chines, set to one tune and convertible to any other purpose, but strong-headed, intelligent, self relying men, who will be able to enforce that sort of policy in all things which will tend to advance this one cause with all cognate mea s uses.--Spectator. simplicity with which great purposes have been signified by the liberal chiefs, in contrast with the proud boasts and the contemptuous menaces of the champions of the monopolists, reminds us of the fine passage in Scripture descriptive of David's preparation for the combat with Goliath— " And he took his staff in his hand, and chose him five smooth stones out of the brook, and put them into a shep herd's bag which he had, even in a scrip ; and his sling was in his hand, and he drew near to the Philistine." We shall see anon how the first smooth stone from the sling will smite the broad forehead of the giant. With prophetic bodings, Sir Robert Peel concluded his speech with this admission of the potency of the ap peal of Ministers to the country— " He did not deny the power of such arguments; and that the use of such appeals coming from men in the po sition and with the authority of the Noble Lord, would give them an overwhelming potency. Yet, at the same time, it could not be denied that such arguments might easily be prostituted in a conflict between opposing in terests. By such arguments, it might be easy to rouse I the excited passions of a populace against what were called class interests ; and very possibly in the collision which took place between opposing interests, men might be able to gather up the fragments, and to combine them into the elements of an increased party strength." The question now is, how will the Tories meet the motion of Monday! Will they, in 'order to cut off the Government from the succonr of a ge • neral election, and in the hope of breaking it up at once, oppose the Sugar Duties Bill, which they themselves, if in office, must pass as a matter of course ? To oppose the renewal of the sugar duties would be nothing less than refusing the supplies, an extreme step, which the whole of the Tory party are surely not reck less enough to be prepared for, and which would cer tainly re-array, on the side of Ministers, the "Whig Members who have deserted it on the question of the reduction of the foreign sugar duties. The consequence would be, the restoration of the Ministerial majority. But let us for a moment suppose the contrary event— that the supplies are refused ; the Government, inspired with a courage equal to the rectitude of its course, should not be daunted or deterred by this blow of the monopo lists ; it should, in default of a Sugar Duties' Bill, sup port the national credit by an Order in Council levying the duties, and then confidently appeal to the country against the faction which both refuses relief to the suf fering people, and the necessary supplies to the State. This would doubtless be a strong step, but it would be called for by an extreme necessity,—it would be the extreme resource of a just Govern ment against the extreme violence of an interested fac tion. The idea of a coup d'etal is startling, we know, but for what do the prerogatives of the Crown exist if not for exercise upon such an occasion as that imagined, in arrest of the factious triumphs of the banded mono polists, and in protection of the most important interests of the people ? The country, in a general election, would give judgment on those who had combated so resolutely and so boldly for its good, and on those also who had gone to the extremity of refusing the supplies, and leav ing Ministers no other choice than recourse to an Order in Council or the surrender of the country's cause to the monopolists who happen to have a majority in the exist ing Parliament. . But we cannot believe that the Tories as a party will venture to go the length of refusing the supplies. They will hardly dare to place themselves in the double odium of starving out the Government, in order to continue starving out the people and the manufactures. They will surely not be frank enough to raise the standard of starvation in all its branches—starvation of the Govern ment for the starvation of the governed. They cannot be so very candid as to adopt means so congenial to the end, so accordant with the object. If they do not attempt this mad forlorn hope, which would shock the best ideas and the prudence of the best men of their party, the field is open for the discussion of the whole project of Ministers, which should be fully ex pounded, and made thoroughly understood, before a dis solution, and then it will be for the country to give judg ment on the great cause of the public versus the mono polists. _ _ _ Upon this all-important appeal the lines of Swift may be addressed to the people— " If, then, oppression has not quite subdued At once your prudence and your gratitude ; If you yourselves conspire not your undoing, And don't deserve, and won't draw down your ruin; If yet to virtue you have some pretence ; If yet you are not lost to common sense, ASSIST YOUR PATRIOT IN YOUR OWN DEFENCE, That stupid cant, ' He went too far,' despise, AND KNOW THAT TO BE BRAVE IS TO BE WISE." Examiner. THE LATE MURDERS AT SEA. It is to be regretted that the pressure of poli tical circumstances on the public mind during the last fortnight has diverted attention from one of the most awful crimes committed within the memory of man—we mean the murder of six teen unoffending British subjects by a portion of the crew of the American emigrant ship William Brown. It appears that this ill-fated vessel, freighted with our own poor people, and bound from Liverpool to Philadelphia, fell in with an iceberg on the night of the 19th April last, in lat. 43 deg. 30 min. N., lon. 49 deg. 39 min. W., and sunk in about two hours after. She struck at ten by the log, and being stove in, filled and settled, and went down about midnight. Pre vious to her going down the captain, the lieute nant, a lady, and five sailors took to the jolly boat; and the mate, eight of the crew, and thirty-three of the passengers embarked in the long-boat. Three-and-twenty persons went down with the ship. Peace be with them. In the course of the night the captain bore off for Newfoundland, and the mate steered for the south. What became of the cowardly captain, who took so much care of himself as only to re ceive a sufficient number of hands into the jolly boat to man her, is not clearly stated; but it is supposed he perished, together with those in that boat. But in the long-boat a tragedy was enacted that sickens the heart to think on. " Finding she was likely to sink," say the ruf fians who survived, " the mate consulted with the crew;" and the result cannot be more strongly stated than in his own words—the cold blooded villain. "On counting the passengers sixteen' were missing." Sixteen ,had been mur dered dtiring the night—thrown overboard by the mate and the crew, after consultation—for murder it was, and nothing else. The survivors, consisting of a few helpless women and the mur derers, were rescued the next morning by the Crescent packet ship, from New York to Havre de Grace, and brought to the latter port, where they were placed in the hands of the police. But here comes the most strange part of the transaction. The murderers, for we can call them by no other name, were taken before the American and British Consuls, and being ex amined privately-, were discharged—free men. By all the laws of nature and nations homicide is jus tifiable only when an aggressor is on the point of taking away the life of the party assaulted; and it has been held by the ablest jurists that not even the prospect of starvation at sea is a sufficient plea for taking human life, though the form of ballot may have been gone through be fore the sacrifice. According to Puffendorf (Law of Nature and Nations, book 2, chap. 5), " the time of making an unblameable self-defence is set within such very narrow bounds as to be re duced almost to a point or instant :" and yet self defence is the only ground that these wretched ruffians could rest on. It is surprising that Mr. Gordon, the English Consul at Havre, and Mr. Beasley, the American Consul, should, in the first instance, have conducted the inquiry with closed doors; and in the second, that they shOuld assume not alone the functions of Judges in the matter, but also of Jurymen. It was decidedly the duty of the former to make an effort to bring the mate and crew to trial, if not in England, at least in France, the hapless victims having been our fellow-subjects. But what did he do instead? He wrote a letter to a. Havre newspaper—a French newspaper be it bornei n mind--and. in conjuction with Mr. Beasley, made the following stateMent "In all this affair we have not been able to disc Over any act deserving censure upon any per son whatsoever." Gracious God ! not " any act deserving cen sure" in the wholesale murder of sixteen innocent helpless persons, who, in strict r i g ht, h a d never ceased to be under the protection of those that so inhumanly destroyed them ! "No act deserving censure 1" D oe s Mr. Gordon mock us ? Does he think to bolster up such a sacrifice of human life by a few fine words? Does he think the people of England will be satisfied with his ipse dixit? or that he will not be held accountable by public opinion for the escape of the cowardly, cold-blooded assassins? Do we live in the 19th century, and in a Christian country ? In all this affair, forsooth, he is not "able to discover any act deserving of censure." On the p a rt of the survivors and friends of the unfo rtunate cre atures immolated to the ease of a crew of ruffianly Americans— on n t h d e of part tie Gv i of thee rtanent hn mediate inquiry into this terr ible tragedy, and that justice be done to all parties. It may be convenient for the Am erica n Consul to screen o people of England, we de that it instit u t e an those of his own nation ; but what could be the motive of Mr. Gordon ? Doubtless he is a mer chant, and, as far as we can learn, engaged ex clusively in the American trade ; but we cannot for a moment suPP°se 'a bias on that account. At all events, the case is one which cannot be p assed over an d we, therefore again repeat our demand for j ust i ce . We want no more; and the people of this cou ntry will be satisfied with no thing less.—Observer. ELECTIONs.--N- - nw t hat a diS s ol ut i on i s p l ace d beyond a doubt, we are g ratified to anno unce to our friends that Southampton is in a condition to be ar her share in the approaching conflict , and ifinformation,on which we perfectly rely, is corre ct, this rising and i ntell i gent town will not be disgracedbp3.l.4. be its rep resent a t i ves.— the inflictio n o f the slip-slop ~. 'Tory imbeciles , who as Hanmshire Independent. - .. .. , HUNGARIAN ROBBERS. In the midst of the steepest heights of the Krapach mountains, accessible but to the eagle, the roe-buck, and the mountaineer, has dwelt from time immemorial a mountain-tribe called the Opreychki. This tribe, in point of fact, is a mere band of robbers, living entirely at the ex pense of travellers, and of the neighbouring countries, into which they make frequent incur sions. The Oprychki are all vigorous moun taineers born in the Krapachs, and are armed with mall hatchets, cutlasses, guns, and espe cially pistols; of these last many of them wear no less than four pair in their. belt. The organization of these banditti is quite mi litary; they blindly obey their. Chief, and the least act of insubordination is punished with death. The Chief divides the booty, and settles all dis putes. Hungary, Gallicia, and Transylvania, are the principal theatres of their incursions, and woe betide the travellers who fall into their . hands. The Oprychki are nevertheless jovial fellows, ready to do a service, very hospitable, and capable of great devotedness; but they are very cruel in their revenge, and recoil from no crime in attaining it. For some years back the Opry c hki h a d b een commanded by Alexis • Djuk, whose energetic courage and prompt resolves bad spread dismay throughout the adjacent districts. The authori ties of Hungary, Gallicia, and Transylvania had long united their efforts, but in vain, to destroy Djuk's band, which consisted of from 400 to 500 men. Considerable forces have been sent against this band, which, however, took care not to come to a pitched engagement, and carried on with success a species of guerilla warfare. At length, by dint of perseverance, the Austrian Govern ment succeeded, last January, in arresting 26 of these banditti, and their trial took place on the 27th of February before the Criminal Tribunal of Peteravaradin. The aspect of the Court, on this occasion, was bigh)y picturesque andinteresting. The walls were covered with the olden portraits of the Kings of Hungary and Transylvania. Around an mmense table, covered with black cloth, were seated 12 Judges and a President, wearing long floating scarlet mantles over their Hunga rian costume, and having on their heads the doctoral cap. Behind the President sat the impe rial Attorney-General attended by two deputies, and six lawyers, all in black gowns. Another table was occupied by the two clerks of the Court, while six heralds or judicial criers stood betwixt the tribunal and the bench of witnesses. The prisoners' bench was filled by the twenty-six Oprychki guarded by a detachment of pikemen, while the issues of the Court were occupied by three battalions of Hungarian infantry. Close to the witnesses' box was a stool, near which was seated a priest in his sacerdotal robes, for the purpose of administering oaths to each individual who comes forward to give evidence. The auditory consisted of gentlemen and ladies, admittance having been denied to tradesmen and peasants, lest some of the Oprychki might ven ture into the Court in disguise, to endeavour to rescue their captive associates. The first witness called in was a bel-esprit, an ex-hussar of Schekler's regiment, acting as steward to the Lord Kyraby (owner of the village of Hamka), when the poetical fit was not on him. This singular personage expressed himselfthus : " It was in the middle of the night of the 4th of October, with your permission, Illustrio u s Lords, the oble Lady Kyraby was in the pangs of child-birth, and I was reposing after the toils of the day, when a servant came to tell me that the Lord, Kyraby wanted me. I hastened to obey, and on entering the court I saw with surprise my noble master's carriage and eight large waggons, horsed, and ready for starting. Having been introduced into the bed-room of my noble mistress, I heard that noble lady say to her husband, while tears flowed down her beau tiful cheeks, You are determined on going, Andrew ?" I must,' replied my Lord, ' it is our only chance of safety, for they are going to come, and if they found me, God knows what the consequence would be. In my ab sence, I am sure, you will receive no insult, pro vided they be received without hostility, and I have given necessary orders to that effect.' His Lord ship then turned towards me, and added, 'Djuk and his followers will soon be here. I order you to receive them, and to refuse them nothing.' This said, the Lord Kyraby got into his carriage and drove off towards Korol Bator, accompanied by the eight waggons, and a part of his servants. His Lordship had not been gone an hour when we heard a hissing noise. ' They are coming,' said a servant, who knew their signal. At that very moment, sixty Oprychki entered the main court. I went instantly to meet them, and ap proaching their chief, Alexis Dj u k, I saluted him respectfully, by touching his knee with my left hand, as is usual towards persons of distinction. He appeared satisfied by this mark of deference, and ordering his men to remain in the court, he entered the castle, holding a pistol in each hand, and saying as he ascended the flight of steps, Woe betide you if you have here a single schla pack' (this word means hack, and is a term usually applied to the Austrian soldiers). He hastily visited the lower story, and seeing the table of the vast dining-room well spread with eatables and drink, he called in his men. They all ate with good appetite, after which Djuk, taking from his cap a string on which were strung a great many ducats, gave some of them to the maid servant, who had served him as cup bearer during the repast. In the meantime the noble Lady Kyraby had given birth to a male child, and Djuk, hearing the cries of the babe from the dining-hall, went into 'her Ladyship's bed-room, and taking the infant into his arms with great care, said—' Madame, you have no thing to fear, either from me or my men. Per mit me to solicit a favour—it is to call this child Alexis, in remembrance of me.' ,/,` Her ladyship promised that the child should bear the name of the chief, and the band departed, without carry ing off a single article." rhe Lady Kyraby confirmed the preceding statement, and added that the child had been called Alexis,-as she had promised the leader of the Oprychki. The Lord Kyraby deposed, that one evening as he was returning from visiting a friend, he was accosted by a man on the high-road, who said, " Alexis Djuk and his companions will visit you to-night; mind you receive them well." The President addressed some remarks to the witness on his pusillanimity, but he was inter rupted by the prisoners, who exclaimed with one voice, " He would do well to go; if he had re mained, he would not have been alive now." The savage shouts, the menacing looks and gestures which accompanied the words, made a deep impression on the Lord Kyraby, an old and brave captain in the Ausirian army; the old vete ran fainted, and was carried out of Court. The next witness called was a venerable priest, called Philarete, attached to the church of St. ' Nicholas, situated on a steep rock, half a league distant from Bolsche, a village belonging to the Lord Ravitchak, formerly a major in the huzzars of Djulaj. The priest deposed as follows : " On the 15th of July I was returning from the Lord Ravi tehak's, when I was accosted by a man, who said, ' Alexis Djuk orders you to pre pare supper for him and thirty of his comrades.' When I reached home, I ordereci the supper to be prepared, but at the same time I took care to inform the Lord Ravitchak, who came with fifty huzzars and concealed* himself in the environs of the church. An hour had not elapsed ere an im mense flame was discovered in the direction of Bolosche. ' My castle is on fire,' exclaimed the Lord Ravitchak, and he started immediately with all his men, leaving me alone. At midnight Djuk arrived with his thirty followers. They supped famously, and withdrew, after having completely pillaged my house, putting a ducat into my hand, and telling me ironically to pray for the Oprychki who had been slain in the fight." Lieut. Rouhka deposed—l was guarding, with six men, the castle of my cousin Ravitchak, and went up to a belveder to try and see what was going on in•the direction of the church, when I beheld a band of Oprychki advancing with blazing torches in their hands. I hurried down to place myself at the head of my men, but was unfortunately wounded at the first fire of the as sailants, and with great difficulty succeeded in faking refuge in the brushwood, whence I saw the castle in flames. The Lord Ravitchak then came forward, and deposed to the following effect, mixing every phrase with a military oath to give it greater weight, " Damn it," said I to myself; "shall I, who was not afraid of those devils of Frenchmen w hen led on by Napoleon, recoil from a ro bb er ? I will hang him up before the windows of my bed-Nom, to teach him that bears are more ter rible than the Oprychki. You must know that bears form part of my family arms. I was con sequently lying in ambush near the church of St. Nicholas, when I suddenly beheld my castle a prey to . flames. I soon hastened to the spot, and securing my wife and c hild ren, a ll owed the castle to burn, in order to hasten after the rob bers. The rascals were supping at the Reverend Father Phelante's, while I was seeking them elsewhere. Nevertheless, I swore that I would lose my name of Ravitchak, or I w ou ld extermi nate the villains who had reduced my castle to ashes —but I have rope enough left to hang them all. Knowing that the Jew, Abraham Lenoir, had often something to do with Djuk, I called on him, and took himbyhis weak side—giving hi m money, and promising him more. I then_ I learned that Djuk had a mistress, called Martha Marabak, living at Tijak, about halfa league from , I the church of St. Nicholas, to which church her husband was attached, and that Djuk always visited her on Saturday night when her husband had left home to be ready next morning for his . I occupation at St. Nicholas. Having assembled • sixty hussars, and forty p easants , an d p l aced I them both under the command of Djebaka, I steward to the Lord Kyraby, I went to Irjak early on Saturday morning. We seized Martha and her husband; the latter on learning the in fidelity of his wife swore revenge, and promised to help us against the Oprychki. Convinced of his determination, I gave him a pair of pistols, which he loaded with silver bullets, assuring us that Djuk belonged to the devil, and that leaden bullets would not harm him. Our men being properly placed round the house, we waited—but, my Lords, the steward Djebaka had better tell you the rest—he saw all that took place, and can ex press himself better than I." The steward consequently came forward and spoke as follows :—The commandant and twelve men were concealed in the house with Marabek and his wife. Every part was carefully closed, with the exception of a window, near which Martha was placed, after having previously threatened her with the most dreadful punish ment if she made any sign to Djuk of the recep tion which awaited him. For my part, I went and hid myself behind a hedge. As soon as the sun went down, I heard several whistlings, and soon after heard Djuk's voice at a short distance, saying, " Here, my brave fellows, load your guns with two balls, and watch over me. We are going to pay a visit to the pretty Martha Marabek." When they were close to the house, D j uk said, " Remain here—l enter alone." He then approached the window, and said, " Good night, Martha—good night. Is supper ready? Martha, are you asleep ? why don't you answer your beloved Djuk ?" Martha replied, with a trembling voice, " I am not asleep, but I cannot receive a robber into my house." "If you will not open the door I will force it open ;" and, suiting the action to the word, he gave it a vio lent push, and the fastening gave way. A shot was immediately heard, and Djuk fell into the arms of two of his companions, who at the sound of the gun had run to his assistance. The whole of the band then came out from their place of ambush, and a desperate combat ensued, which ended in the capture of thirty.six of the brigands. Marabeck, on being called on for his evidence, declared that he felt no resentment against his wife, because Djuk was not a man but a demon. "It was I," he said, " who fired on him, but I certainly should not have killed him if I had not taken the precaution to put into my pistol a silver ball, which had been blessed by the reverend priest of St: Nicholas." Martha was afterwards called in. She was a woman of a most prepossessing beauty. Sheicon fessed, with a blush on her cheek and a downcast look, that six days after her marriage she met Djuk in the forest, where she had been to gather a bouquet of wild flowers. She was then only 17 years of age, she was now 22, and, during th ese rive years uk every Saturday night came to visit her. She added, in a timid voice, but still with an accent of firmness, that, if she could have cautioned her lover of the trap which was laid for him, she should not have failed to have done it. She retired, endeavouring to restrain her tears, which, in spite of he r e ff or t s , m i g ht be seen forcing their way through her black eye lashes. Marabeck, her husband, was perfectly unmoved. The examination of the witnesses being finished, The President questioned the prisoners, and demanded of them who were their accomplices. Their answers were to the same effect—" Our companions, our brethren, are in safety, in a place where none has ever penetrated save eagles, goats, and hardy and intrepid moun taineers." " You are very guilty," interrupted the Presi dent, "you might, however, gain the clemency of your judges by frank and unreserved confes sions." " No! take our lives ; the Oprychki have an inclination to be silent—a neck for the hang man." A. number of other questions addressed to them by the President were unanswered by them, and the jury immediately declared the 36 prisoners guilty. Four of them, Jean Goula, Ebenna Skiliba, Marie Doik, and Stanislas Sava, four lieutenants of Djuk, were sentenced to be hanged, and the other 32 to hard labour at the hulks for life. No sooner had the officer whose duty it was to read the sentence finished that ceremony, than the whole of the prisoners, with a spontaneous movement, commenced singing one of their beautiful mountain chorusses, which made the very walls of the Court echo. They were then re-conducted to prison. SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. __ EPSOM RACES. SATURDAY NIGHT.-The following are the fixtures for these races, completed with the entries this afternoon : The Craven Stakes of 10 soya. each, for three years old, 6st 81b four, Bst 101 b, five 9st 41b, six and aged, 9st 101 b, Craven Course. Colonel Wyndham's b c Father Matthew, 3 yrs; Mr. West brook's b c Mobarek, 3 yrs ; Mr. Mostyn s .br f Birthday, 3 yrs; Lord Lichfield's b h The Corsair, 5 yrs; Mr. Dixon's ch f by Saracen, out of Delightful, sister to Deception, 3 yrs. The Woodcote Stakes of 25 soya each, 10 ft for two year old colts, Bst 71b, and fillies fist Mb from the Roads in, less than half a mile. The Shirley Stakes of 25 sovs, each, fir three years old colts, Bst 71b, and fillies, Bst 41b., one mile. Captain Ridge's b c by Y. Wanderer, out of Monody ; Lord Albemarle's Minaret ; Lord Exeter's Syria, by Sultan, out of Marchesa ; Duke of Grafton's b c Mosque. Sweepstakes of 5 sovs. eash, with 40 sovs. added ; three yrs. old, 7st., four, Bst. 21b., five, Bst. 101 b., six and aged, 9st . . 21b., mares and geldings allowed 31b., the winner to be sold for . 4 .150 sovs. New T. Y. C., three quarters of a mile. Mr. Greville's ch c Perseus, 4 yrs ; Mr. Walter's ch c Sir George, 4 yrs ; Col. Anson's nd ch c All Fours, 5 yrs ; Mr. Westbrook's ch f Division, 3 yrs ; Wr. Wright's eh m Folly, 4 yrs; Mr. Balchin's Dromedary, 4 yrs; Mr. Dixon's Came lino, 5 yrs ; Mr. Lichtwald's br c by Augustus out of Courte san, 3 yrs. Fifty Pounds, for three yrs old, 6st 91h, four, Bst 61b, five, Bst 121 b, six and aged, 9st 21b ; the winner to be sold for 250 soya. Entrance 1 soy. to go to the second horse. Heats two miles. Three to start or no race. Mr. Hornsby's ch g Whalebone, aged ; Mr. Booth's br m Isabella, 6 yrs ; Mr. Lowerby's ch f Pbingari, 3 yrs ; Capt. Pettat's br h Caliph, aged ; Mr. Goodman's br c Mungo Park, 4 yrs ; Mr. Wright's br m Camille, sister to Pickwick, 5 yrs ; Mr. Stirling's br c The Pocket Viper, 3 yrs ; Mr. Shackell's ch c Cantle, 4 yrs. THE DIE UAST. The debate of eight days on the Sugar Duties termi nated in the defeat of Ministers by a majority of 36, which was rather under the expected number. Previous to the division Lord John Russell intimated his intention of bringing the whole of the financial pro ject under discussion ; and though he does not appear to have said anythinff distinct as to an appeal to the country, yet he gave the clue to an arriere pensee in the remark, that the expectant successors of Ministers did not cer tainly enjoy the confidence of the country to such an ex tent as to justify them in taking the Government, and he proceeded to say that the results of the single contests on which they relied were no tests of the sense of the country. On Thursday all doubt as to the intentions of Minis ters was removed by the Chancellor of the Exchequer's notice, that on Monday he would move the annual Sugar Duties. _ _ It may perhaps be requisite to explain that the sugar duties expire early in July, and that it is necessary to renew them before a dissolution, as there would not be time for a new Parliament to pass them. Here is the opening of a great scene in English his tbry—" the beginning of an end"—the beginning of an end of the pillage of the people—the beginning of an end of the sacrifice of the interests of the many to the profit of classes—the beginning of an end of the inju rious restriction of commerce—the beginning of an end of the crushing burdens on the springs of industry— the beginning of an end of enhancing the price of the poor man's bread, and by the same impolitic means con fining the market for his labour. Without decrying what has been done since the pass ing of the Reform Bill, we rate it all as not comparable in importance with the great measures of relief now proposed. If not the first, they are destined to be the noblest fruits of reform. We have seen what the country could do under the disadvantage of the rotten Parliamentary system, to carry reform, which was but the means tor such great ends as those now before us ; and remembering how complete, notwithstanding the greatest disadvantages, was the victory for the machinery of good government, how confidently should we now reckon on the result of a far less arduous struggle for the great practical objects for which reform itself was so eagerly sought. There are large faults still in the representative system, but what are they compared to those, in spite of which the people returned a decisive majority against the borough mongers, fighting in their own holds for the life of the abuse in which they trafficked ? How much easier, then, is victory in the present conflict, with the greater power which the Reform Act has pliced in the hands of the people.' In all the general e lections since '33 the.public:have been apathetic. They have now, for the first time, a great object to strive for, and the improved electoral system will be worked with a vigour and earnestness which have not, as yet, been applied to it. Ministers have done their duty nobly. They have taken a step involving mighty consequences,DJ wyitrhemtahinescofourraz which can only be derived from a sense of right. They have people The hceo to n e n fi t l iro e edt absence r t e people;h nd e cuetyo ftof ax jr i a r t nowonn athemselves.d e _the n. ness and WEDNESDAY. The Derby Stakes of 50 Sovs. each, h ft, for 3 yrs old colts, Bst 71b, and fillies, Bst 21b ; the second to receive 100 soya. out of the stakes, and the winner to pay 100 sovs. towards the police, and regulations of the course. Last mile and a half.. (151 Subs.) The following are in the neighbourhood : —Lord Albemarle's Ralph, Mr. Winbush's Finchley, Lord Westminster's Van Amburgh, Marshal Soult, and Satirist, Lord Chesterfield's Knight of the Whistle and Mehemet Ali, Colonel Anson's Duke of Wellington, Mr. Rawlinson's Coronation; Mr. Mos tyn's Prince Caradoc, &c., by the Tudp, out of Queen Bess, Mr. Vansittart's Galaor, Lord Lichfield's Belgrade and Brother 'to Phosphorus, Col. Crauford's Ermengardis, Mr. Greville Palae mon ; Mr. Thornhill's Ennio and E. 0.., Capt. Gardnor's Ben Brace ; Mr. Theobald's The Grand Duke; Mr. Westbrook's Mo barek and Decision ; Capt. Williamson's St. Cross ; Mr. Griffith's Hereford ; Mr. Batson's Revel and Potentia ; Mr. J. Boast's Clarendon ; Mr. Combe's The Nob ; Mr. Nixon's Knights bridge ; Duke of Grafton's Mosque ; Sir G. Heathcote's Mongolian and Tonquin ; Lord Jersey's Joachim ; Duke of Rutland's Sir Hans ; Mr. J. Negus' Negus Portsoken • Mr. E. Buckley's Gilbert; Mr. Copeland's Mustapha ; Mr. J. Wood's Paul Potter ; Lord Orford's Arundel ; Mr. Ford's Metternich and Young Quo Minus; Capt. Ridge's Caniszaro ; Mr. Rush's c by Plenipo, out of Bangtail, and c by Plenipo out of Obelisk's dam; Lord G. Bentinck's Mus - tapha ; Col. Wyndham's Monsieur le Sage and Father Mathew ; Mr. Sadler's Protection ; Lord Exeter's Abydos and Cesare witch. The Epsom Stakes of 5 sovs. each, with 40 sovs. added : three yrs old, 7st 101 b ; four, Bst 111 b ; five, 9st 21b ; six and aged. 9st 61b. Mares and geldings allowed 31b. The win ner to be sold for 120 sovs. One mile. Mr. Houldsworth's ch c Hampton, 3 yrs; Mr. Walker's ch c Sir George, 4 yrs ; Mr. Hornsby's ch g Whalebone, aged ; Captain Martyn's bl g Dismal Jemmy, 4 yrs ; Sir C. Cocke rill's bm by Zinganec out of E ffi e, age d ; M r . W r i g ht' s c h in Folly, 4 yrs; Mr. dsbaldesto n ' s gr c by The *Sadiller, out of Fickle, 4 yrs; Mr. Mostyn's b c by The Tulip, out of Queen Bess, 3 yrrs ; Mr. Bacon's br h Ascanius, 6 yrs. • The Walton Stakes of 5 sons. each, with 40 soya. added ; three years old, 7st 101 b ; four, Bst 111 b ; fue, 9st 21b ; six and aged, 9st 61b. Mares and geldings Rinsed 31b. The win . - ner to be sold for 100 sovs. One mile. Mr. Daniels's ch g Orion, by Young Emilius, 6 yrs ; Capt. Gardnor's bl c Ethon, 3 yrs ; Lord Exeter's br f Silistria, 4 yrs , Mr. Turner's b h Doncaster, aged; Mr. Mostyn's b e by The Tulip, out of Queen Bess, 3 yrs ; Mr. Theobald's eh c Fear nought, 4 yrs ; Mr. Kling's Dahlia, 4 yrs ; Mr. Balchin's b m Clematis, 4 :yrs. The Burgh Stakes of 5 sovs. each, with 40 sovs. added ; three yrs old, Bst 21b; four, Bst 111 b; five, 9st 61b ; six and aged, 9st 41b ; mares and geldings allowed 31b ; the winner to be sold for 80 sovs. ; last half mile. Mr Houldsworth's ch c Hampton, 3 yrs ; Mr. Higgins's ch in Maid Marian, aged ; Lord Exeter's b f Syria, 3 yrs ; Captain Gardnor's ch Sultan, f by out of Garcia, 3 yrs ; Mr. Goodman 's gr g Angelo, 4 yrs ; Dlr. Budd's ch Ii Adrian, aged ; Mr. Bird's f Castoff, 3 yrs ; Mr. Armstrong's ch g Bonnet Rouge, 4 yrs ; Mr. Theobald's ch c Fearnought, 4 yrs ; Mr. Greville's b g Pickwick, aged. THURSDAY. • Fifty Pounds, for three yrs old colts, fist 71b ; and fillies, Bst 21b. Derby Course. Lord Huntingtower's eh fby Langar, out of Sister to Por. trait, 3 yrs ; Mr. Boast's b c Clarendon , 3 y rs ; Duke of Grafton's b c Mosque, 3 yrs ; Captain Gardnor's b c Ben Brace, 3 yrs ; Mr. hlostyn's br f Birthday, 3 yrs ; Mr. West brook's b c Mobarek, 3 yrs ; Mr. Ridge's ch c by Ccelebs, dam by Young Woodpecker, 3 yrs. The Plate of One Hundred Soya., three yrs old, 7st 21b; four, 9st 21b ; five, lOst ; six and aged, lOst Mb. Cup Course. Two Miles. Mr. Booth's ch c Benjamin, 4 yrs ; Mr. Sowarby' s e h f Phingari, 3 yrs ; Lord Lynedoch's b c Jeffy, 3 yrs ; Mr. Collins's gr g Isaac, aged; Mr. Goodman's ch h Bedford, 4 yrs ; Mr. Westbrook's b c Mobarek, 3 yrs ; Mr. Mitchell's h m Lady Liverpool, 4 yrs ; Mr. Osbaldeston's gr c by The Saddler, o ut of Fickle. 4 yrs; Mr. Shackel's ch c C ant l e 4 yrs , • Mr. Sherrard's br c by the Colonel, dam unknown, 4 yrs. Fifty Pounds, for three pars old 'et • ;four Sat 51b five • ... • ; MORN ENG Bst 121 b ; six and aged, 93t 114, mares and geldings allowed 31b, the winner to be sold for 200 sors. Heats, one mile. Lord Huntingtower's br g Bristol a ,, 5 yrs ; Mr. Walter's ch c Sir George, 4 yrs ; Mr. B oot h' s c h c. R ussell Frost, 4 yrs; Captain Lamb's ch c Chit Chat, aged; Captain Pettat's b h Caliph, aged ; Captain Colquitt's ch f Miss Emily, 3 yrs; Mr. Shelley's br e Hellespont, 4 yrs ; Mr. Shackel's ch c Cantle, 4 yrs; Mr. Balchin's Dromedary, 4 yrs; Mr. Kling's Dahlia, 4 yrs; Mr. Wright's ch c Wanton, by Nonsense. FRIDA Y. The Oaks Stakes of 50 sovs.eaCh, h ft, for three-year-olds ; fillies Bst 71b each; the second to receive to receive 1001., &c. Last mile and half. (119 subs. ) The following fillies are in the neighbourhood :—Lord West minster's Ghuznee and Lampoon ; Mr. Batson's • Potentia and Barbara ' • Colonel Crauford's Ermeng ar di s ; M r. T. 0. Fair lie's fby Muley Moloch out of Mystery ' • Mr. Theob a ld' s Bl ac k Duchess; Colonel An son ' s Wit c h of Worley Hill ; Mr. Et wall's Pelerine ; General Grosvenor's Miss Army ; Sir G. Heathcote's Nannette filly and Jane filly ; Mr. Preen's Una ; Mr. Mostyn's Birthday ; Captain Gardnor's I by Sultan, out of Garcia; General Wyndham's Aspatria ; Colonel Wynd ham's Nora Creina ; Mr. Collin's f by Sir Hercules, out of Concordia's dam ; Mr. 'Westbrook's Decision ; Mr. Grat wicke's Clementina fby Saracen, out of Delightful ; Duke of Grafton's Florence ; Mr. Sowerby's Phingari ; Mr. Cooke's Sequilla ; and Lord Albemarle's Minaret. The Members' Plate for 50 sovs. ; fur three yrs old, 6st 71b; four, Bst 91b; five, Bst 131 b; six and aged, 9st 21b. Mores and geldings allowed 31b. The winner to be sold for 200 sovs. Two mile heats. Lord Huntingtoweesch fby Langar, out of sister to Por trait, 3 yrs ; Mr. Hornsby's ch g Whalebone, aged; Booth's br m Isabella, 6 yrs; Sir C. Cockerill's b m by Zin ganee, out of Effie, aged; Mr. Goodman's gr h Colchicum, 5 yrs; Mr. Wright's br m Cataille, sister to Pickwick, 5 yrs; Mr. Sowerby's eh f Phingari, 3 yrs; Sir. White's b c Fusin man, 4 yrs ; Mr. S lackel's ch c Cantle, 4 )rs. The Derby and Oaks Plate of 50 sovs,; for three yrs o'd, ist ; four. Bst 61b ; five, Bst 121 b ; six and aged, 9st. Msres and geldings allowed 31b. Horses which shall have started once at this meeting for any face, and been beaten, allowed 31b; twice, 51b. The winner to be sold for 120 sovs. Heats, one mile. Lora Huntingtower's br g Bristolian, 5 yrs ; Mr. Houlds worth's ch c Hampton, 3 yrs ; Mr. Higgin's ch m Maid Ma rian, aged ; Mr. Hornsby' s c h g Wh a l e b one, age d ; M r . Daniel's ch g Orion, 6 yrs ; Mr. Booth's ch c Russell Frost, 4 yrs ; Lord Exeter's br f Silistria, 4 yrs ; Capt. Lamb's ch h Chit Chat, aged ; Capt. Martyn's bl g Dismal Jemmy, 4 yrs ; Capt. Pettat's b h Caliph, aged ; Mr. Mostyn's b cby The Tulip, out of Queen B ess , 3 yrs - Mr. Turner ' s br h Doncas ter, aged; Mr. Wright' s e h 1 Folly, 4 yrs; Capt. Colquitt's ch f Miss Emily, 3 yrs; Mr. White's b c Fugleman, 4 yrs ; Mr. 'fheobald's eh c Fearnought, 4 yrs ; Mr. Armstrong's ch g Obelisk, aged ; Mr. Shelly's br c Hellespont, 4 yrs ; Mr. Kling's Dahlia, 4 yrs ; Mr. Balchin's b in Cleteentis, 4 irs ; Mr. Bacon's br h Ascanius, 6 yrs. Besides the Derby and Oaks horses mentioned above the following have arrived for the plates, &c. : The Corsair, lEthon, Dismal Jemmy, Chit Chat, Isabella, ch. h. by Y. Emilus, out of Lady Henry, Russell Fr,-‘st. Cur lew, Whalebone, Revoke, Fearnought, H e ll es p on t, J o l s , Va lentissimo, Bokhara, Pairaguin, Argus, Dark Suan, Col chicum, Angelica c. Mungo Parke, Bedford, Barabhts, Rem nant, c. by Agreeable, out of Morel, c. by Agre, able, dam by Whisker, c. by Agreeable, dam by Sam, sister to Pickwick c. by The Exquisite, out of Maresfield's dam, broth( r to Plvnipo tentiary, Black Beck, All Fours, Lady Liverpool, Camelius,Dark ness, Wanderer colt, Cantle, Lyster, Sluochausen, br. c. by The Colonel, Richard Roe, Pickwick, Colebreoke, 2 yrs, The Plover, Mountain Sylph, Queen of Beauty, Barrister, George, f by Langar out of Sister to Portrait, llristolian, Perseus, Cast off, Isaac, Caliph, Janus, Tupsley, Nongifted, Jeffy, Quick silver, &c. LATEST BETTING ON THE DERBY AND OAKS. The following list of prices is made up to seven yesterday evening :-3 to 1 agst Scott's lot, taken; 11 to 2 agst Ralph; 7 to 1 agst Van Amburgh ; 8 to 1 agst Marshal Soult, taken ; 6to 1 agst Coronation, taken ; 12 to 1 agst Galaor ; 12 to 1 agst Belgrade ; 20 to 1 agst Joachim ; 27 to 1 agst Ermen gardis, taken; 33 to 1 agst Sir Hans; 40 to 1 agst Mustapha Muley ; 40 to 1 agst E. 0. ; 50 to 1 agst Knightsbridge, taken ; 1000 to 10 agst Hereford, taken ; 1,000 to 10 agst Mosque, taken. (At one time 9to 1 was laid agst Coronation ; 10, 11, and 12 to 1 agat Van Amburgh ; and 33 to 1 agat Joachim.) OAKS.-14 to 1 agst Mystery f, taken ;14to 1 agst Una, t. A report having been circulated that her Majesty will honour Epsom races with a visit on the Derby day, we have made in quiries on the subject in the proper quarter, and are enabled to state that probabilities are against its taking place. Her Ma jesty will have a dinner party on Monday, at Claremont, will los at Buckingham Palace on Tuesday, and on Thursday the Prince and Princess of Leiningen will take their departure for the Continent. No preparations have been made at the Grand Stand in anticipation of her Majesty's presence, nor has any intimation of the kind been received by the Directs rs. LATEST BETTING AT ST. JAMES'S. THE DERBY.-6 to l agst Ralph (taken), 7to 1 agst Van Amburgh (taken), 7 to I agat Marshal Soult (taken), 10 to 1 agst Coronation (taken), 12 to 1 agst Galaor (taken), 13 to 1 agst Belgrade, 25 to 1 agst Ermengardis, 27 to 1 agst Sir Hans (taken), 40 to 1 agst Mustapha Maley, 1,000 to 12 agst Mon golian. LATEST BETTING AT MANCHESTER-FRIDAY. THE DERBY.-9 to 2 agst Ralph, 61 to 1 agst Van Am burgh (7 to 1 taken freely), 10 to 1 agst Belgrade (taken), 11 to I agst Coronation, 11 to 1 agst Galaor (taken), 30 to 1 agst Prince Caradoc (taken), 30 to 1 agst Duke of Welling ton (taken), 50 to 1 agst gringo (taken), 50 to 1 agst Here ford (taken). THE TIMBER DUTIES. On Saturday a meeting of the noblemen and gentlemen connected with the British North American Colonies, took place at the Colonial Club House, St. James's, to consider the measure proposed by her Majesty's Ministers for the alteration of the Timber Duties. The Earl of MoUNTCASHEL, having been called to the chair, begged to disclaim on the part of himself and the meeting all party motives in the course they were taking. They excluded from their consideration all party feeling, and it mat tered not from what body of men the measure emanated—whether Whig, Tory, or Radical— they were prepared to resist with equal zeal and equal decision any measure calculated to interfere with the interests of the colonies which they represented. Some persons affected to doubt that the alteration of the timber duties would prejudice the colonies. In his . humble opinion, the change would be productive of cer tain ruin to those whose property was vested there, and not only that, but it would very seri ously interfere with the general commercial re lations of the mother country. The Ministerial measure, if adopted, would put a stop to emigra tion to the three colonies, for the vessels which bring home timber are those which afford the greatest facilities for emigration. It would also be a source of positive loss to the mercantile and shipping interests of this country, and would throw a vast number of British ships and British seamen out of employment. Sir DUNCAN M‘DowALL said, that having long resided in Canada, he could assure the meeting that, were the proposed measure adopted, it would prove most disastrous in its consequences to that colony—so much so, that he would - not consider the property he possessed in it worth a single sixpence. Sir Duncan concluded by mov ing two resolutions in opposition to the proposed alteration in the timber duties. The resolutions were unanimously adopted, and the meeting separated. [The resolutions were, of course, unanimously adopted ; and had a resolution to hang up by the heels every enemy of monopoly been pro posed, we have no doubt it would have been re ceived with the same approbation, had these mo nopolists been in an atmosphere which public opinion could not disturb.] DINNER TO THE HON. C. LANGDA LE, M.P.—We spoke last week of the probability that before this day arrangements would be made for commencing a subscription in order to secure the return of Mr. Lang dale to Parliament at the approaching general election. In the course of the bye-gone week, we understand that a Committee for that purpose has been formed, and has commenced its labours ; but as their preliminary ar rangements are not yet completed, we defer any more detailed mention of their probable proceedings till next Saturday : We may just mention, however, that the most encouraging assurances of aid have been received from every quarter to which application has been made ; and even at this early stage of the business, there are funds in hand, in the shape both of cash and promises. In the mean time, our readers may have seen from advertisements in the daily papers that the rumour of Mr. Langdale's probable retirement from public life has led to a general move among the Catholic nobility, clergy and laity, now in London, who are anxious, apart from the prospect 'of any future ser vices to . the good cause, to testify their sineere respect and gratitude to Mr. La,ngdale inviting•' him to a public dinner, exer tions, in times past, by I Tavern on for his unwearied dinner, s which is to take place at the 1 .. . Thursday next, Lord Camoys in the chair. flout well Mr. Langdale deserves this mark o f respect and centi p(pssible ; and of urging deuce we need not now say, and we only allude to the of expressing our hope that the don and th c i o s subject fur the purpose u n6 nt e r as y, icans. a a a ttei m id a a n . And can conveniently be A demonstration of this kind_ loses half its value if it attendance e o f wiil our breercil,erlre4ssr,egnbet as s e in at t e to wer n Mr. Langdale deserves it of us, that whatever is done in does not appear to be general and spontaneou s. . his honour should be done with as much spirit and libe rality as possible. . LEWES, MAY 21.---The sensation created by the announcement of the intention of Government to grapple with the great monopolies, has by no means sub sided in this town. The avidity with which the tracts on the bread-tax have been sought after proves the in terest felt by the public in this now all-absorbing sub ject. The petition in favour of the repeal of the Cora laws was signed by no less than 1,132 persons, and that in the face of the threats of Mr. Elliman that no fasiner or gentleman would b uy or sell with ' who signed i any man sie( the petition. Many were the expressions of regret which we heard from persons who were deterred from signing. Some exclaimed, " I wish 3 , 0 u success, but I dare not sign it." Others exclaimed, " I wish you may get ten thousand, but if I sign I lose my bread." Deeply are the public at large convinced of the absolute necessity of the measures Which Government have introduced.— Brighton Herald. • We regret io find it mentioned that a " very extensive blight" prevails among the apple trees .in Herefordshire, and that " the prospect of a cr o p i s thereby considerably diminished." There are complaints also of blight among the orchards in this county, but we do not hear of its existing to any very serious extent.— Worcester Herald. The Hon. and Ltev. Edward Southwell Keppel has been appointed one.Af the Deputy Clerks of the Closet to her Majesty. • The Queen has been pleased to appoint the Rev. Archibald Bennie one of her Majesty's Chaplains in Ordinary in Scotland. .