The Sun. — London, England, 1841-07-13 00:00:00

EVENING SLTN. MEMBERS ELECTED. ENGLISH AND WELSH COUNTIES. __4ent following returns of Members elected have been re d s i nce the publication of our list of yesterday : Anti- Mono ' Monopolists. polists. Fellowes, Esq ... uttyriNcnoNsarnE. Thornhill, Esq. p arneb , Es woncEsTER (East) TayTor, Egq IRELAND. CORK CITY. . 1 ... • . .. P. muro l , Esq. - D Callaghan, Ef.q. , . THE ELECTIONS. ANENGLISH AND WELCH COUNTIES. " -M ONOPOLISTS. MONOPOLISTS. LINCOLN (KESTEVEN AND HOLLAND). H. H at , ' 11.8 ST DAY'S POLL. Esq. ... 1,693 Sir J. Trollope 0,416 _ . C. Turnor, Esq. * 2 , 379 alto Adair, Esq ...... 1,370 sh SUFFOLK (EAST).—FIRST DAY'S POLL. Lord Henniker Sir C. B. Vere 2,986 on - 1,, Mi -- - 1 %, (WEST RIDING).—SHERIFF'S RETURN. " 1.1 lton . 12,080 - J. S. Wortley, Esq. 13 , 16 5 Orpeth ....................... 12,031 Denison , Esq 12,780 ..;, , IRELAND. L ord .T 1 . t tELFAST.—CLosE OF THE POLL. ast 821 E. Tennent, Esq 927 ............ . 792 Johnson, Esq. 913 DUBLIN. CITY. D, STATEMENT AND FINAL CLOSE OF THE POLL. 4.1,,‘-otinell, E5q..... 3,692 J. B. \Vest, Esq 3,6 , Juttou, Esq ...... 3,t62 E. Grogan, Esq 11. WATERFORD. —FINAL CLOSE. I. Iv " 3 rron, Esq.... 150 Christmas, Es 269 3se, Es q . ........ 147 Reads, Esq q 243 A large number of votes rejected by the Assessor. ELECTIONS TO COME. LIST OF CANDIDATES, NOMINATIONS, AND PER, T .• DAYS OF POLLING. did at (County).—Polling day, July 15. Can dates Archrlall, Sir A. B. Brook. dat et 'PtILI(' (WEST). —Polling July 15 and 16. Candi wi---Lieut.-Col. 11. Rushbrooke, ' H. S. Waddington. . Itt s ,IXF()RI) (County).—Polling day, 16th July. Candi .), 1) -s e I G. Morgan, Esq., Captain V. F. Hatton, Esq., Avi,. er tlix, and E. Devereux. r ale i.s'‘ F°llo .—Sir T. Esmonde, James Bourne, Esq. day July 16. • • ftlaapolasesenimmmelom rILECTION MOVEMENTS. (LINDSAY DIVIsION.)tJeev 12. the lv "'e o'cl oc k the official declaration of the final state of 14 1 ' i took place in the Castle-yard, Lincoln. THOROLD the High Sheriff, announced the num. .....71I1frod v r ler the several veral candidates, as under:— 0 Cirristopl.er 4,522 Mr. Cust ch6al:;. therefore, his duty to declare Lord Worsley . atd Lin 1 614 'et duly elected to represent the Lindsay Division o Leoadithire in the Commons' House of Parliament. with°ll.ll Vt'ORSLEY then presented himself, and was received kr. mild cheers. It was truly said by his Mead and colleague, a,Chris'opher, that this was a contest of principle, and it was ...t..,ttatisfactory to him to find, that he had been returned ht;th ~,,,i ' !'"te'tt which had been carried on with great spirit on tio tt / i, `"Br not by a majority of 31, as at the last elec t)), a ' " t ` t, in sp to of all misrepresentation and calumny, tlid ate - majority of 879 over the highest Tory can grief r• Christopher ; and of 1,582 over the order an whom Mr Chaplin had brought forward in teenato contest. with him the representation of . the county. ge ,, t t'e high honour upon the present occasion to have eon tt i t e ' 'n his favour more than half the votes cf the whole and -uen eYs—(Clieers.) He also looked with great prirte t.eceilat isfaction to the unexampled number of plumpers he had 4,3% . ed- not less, he was i n f orme d b y hi s comm itt ee , than ltah) Even Mr. Cost, in the address he pub seltnin Friday last, expressed his satisfaction with that re an-421,e had on l y returned from London this morning, when whi eh ''res wa s put i nto his hands, signed by Slr. Cust, in that 7 h e went 0 n to say, '°l beg to assure you most sincerely, take: am more than repaid for any exertions or trouble I have by the fact that Lord Worsley now stands so deeply. 4:; : i 1 , , (1 . to uphold the agricultural interest., that he canneyiner !). found co-operating with its enemies without the his dismissal from your service." He had had. ~1 11.6.7 : of representing them for eleven years, and he had r e3t : oupon protection to the agricultural inte . how, then could NI Cost talkof " recent profes th''""sr" and )) • r' niunloolred for indulgence ?" He word andd rnmittet•s. Ile.bbaadt cu e fact which was most creditable to his canvas•ers Bent in. He Itnew that - occur, and although the oiled within 150 of the promises would rinted with th a lar tat m e e d r i a n t ra h i e gh lo a u t se fir o a f t C h o e m d m i, o a n p- s e vote he hake given on the question of confi der in her . Majesty's Minittee ,s yet when they came to consi -10 r that the - effect of votiug with Sir 11. Peel would have been Cthrow the government lido the ha n d, tho e who had i"'Y °Pil(,)-Sed - reform, they would be ready to admit that he t not acted - wrongly. He had now stood the trial of a con tested election, and received their unqualified approbation of b e eo nduethel:ad pursued. He (ILI not think he was using ton thiar_shlangirage when he said, that the contest had beer-2 co il % emd unfairly and in a factions mannen—(CheErs') 15 ° 11 1d tell them why. If Mr. Custs's friends had taken ' `?er care in canvassing' the county to ascertain the feel :44°j in electors, they must have been perfectly 'oat it was hopeless to attempt to bring him in. fi l',',eeved 5,550 promises, he was perfectly satis ec , as tatted on the day of the nomination, that his election was and, after the show of hands, he had hoped that Mr. hi r j" 11 would not h ave d eman ded a poll. He had watched t ate 11 ,!' , 0% , 1y, a n d h e certa i n l y seeme d f or so me time to hese. "tot t ,,, eo "t it. Giving the other candidates all the unpleclged ko te . L and allowing ii:ither to take plumpers, but to spit every lie at ' t r had still a ma j ority of 500. He must, therefore, re flat the opposition had been most unfair and factious. He their t opponents ould now be satisfied that the of °f the majority of the electors of the Lindsay division ,((,hculeshire was decidedly oppposed to Tory principles. o rt " ee r'• ) s, He .stood tow, as ever, the avowed enemy of the advocate of Liberal Whig princielete e.nd -tqlettors had shown by his overwhelming majority, that 'diaZete still attached to the cause of Reform, and that t they 'fish a Tory Government to rule oir this c h oun r. rK. r... tre, eet r L) For himself he must say, considering tre ‘ r atm ns he had had to contend against, no t on e e would an d w e .a , on to go to the House of Commons with more pride 01 'aef e li 4fa .ction than he should. His friends had fought a most litt. h ile map Y hti nt li r e i t s t cause. The said they would not let . b eers, by two: others. - The Noble Lord retired amidst r . '• Are ett , d -11 .RIsToPitri t next presented himself, and was also th e with a very enthusiastic reception. He denied that ' 4r o t ill'omtion t o hi s N o bl e F r i en d an d colleague, Lord thti f o . :teYi had been at all fous, either upon his part, or so e N!ie Chaplin w as concerne acti d. He leoked to the issue of 'eltri rne) ,Tt as materially bearing on the interests of good gn- It 1,7' and agriculture in which they were all concerned. 1 1 e104;M f liocsible for him ' te r reflect on the result without some In oth alarm and anxiety as to the effect it might produce to Parts of th e country . If th e agr i cu ltural interest was , s ,,l'ortei in the new Parliament, it weuld not be by the Lindsay, but be the manufacturing districts of . the' West . liirling—(Cheers)—by the city ot ' 4( Z by the city of Westminster, by Dublin, and other 8 4 i Zt- irsydtahliting but a remote interest in airiculture. He did e e the as any disparagement to his Noble Friend, for ever clthe r ') had a scat in Parliament, although opposed to each th e polities, they had uniformly co-operated in promoting ter t , e(t erests of the division. Now that he }Ad been agani sherd '" et tnjunetion with his Noble Friend, the same feelings . a et q w i t'll actuate his conduct. He should endeavour always lie off er e u , r i t,iy the confidence of such a constituency, and when e nirnself again at. the next dissolution of Parliament , otild hope to receive the approbation of a majority of the th e ( Loud Cher rs.) 4 , 11 010 1 1' 1 M was then afterwards n, and . the chairing took place.. 00 . Members dined with their respective it the &_ord \Vorsley at the City Arms, and Mr. Christopher %raven s SCOTLAND. 'Eh e STIRLINGSHIRF., JULY 10. v „ t . oln OU for taa* this county took place this day at the Af t „ l Nhe r Sheriff had read the writ some delay ensued in - i ltlenee of its not having been decided which party was to Pre,e4,4‘. bominated. Sir M. Bruce seemed anxious to give 41 1 ezi: s :"(:e to Mr. Forbes, and Mr. Forbes did not appear a It lostr d ' s ." l to avail himself o: that honour. This lea to . a the 41-o:roils scene. Sir M Bruce was seen at one extremity Cor his t,sn gs bowing with wonderful condescension to Mr. k eNie 's Conserva s tive opponent, requesting him to com ihat th ‘ c : Proceeding, whilst the gentleman who wasto no Foibes was observed to shake his head, thous c 'onair,,,l"loreat anxiety to comence the contest. This p u rl : % e l, ' tie. e xhibition excited loud laughter from the vast . mu to th:s'embled o p pos i te th e hustings. At last the Sheriff came then Al and tossed up who should first enter t he arena, " 50 as dccdll 'll Fes :honk. com . r. ''bea 131, :, i of Kennett, or t then came df,iirlmrdtoence.iwoseol;t. thee,lr. rni iol ;' of C a ll ender, as a proper candidate to rep,, ( s oiling in Parliament. station ,)1. "TIftLING, the younger, of Keir, TT seconded the nomi. rPn e se ,; ° n. l • J. C. DU NDAS, late member for the ci t y of York,i at Michael Bruce, the Liberal candidate , and . r. Ae r. . -','_ 4 'cono e d t h e nom i nat i on . did th '°,turs then came forward to address the electors. He "ofid: 'st was n o t a personal one. If the electors had fi l e in her Majesty's present Government, then they the„ to elect his opponent, Sir M. Bruce; but if they The6ifferently, then he had some claim to their support. • thtt'',.",a`i heard a good deal of Lord Grey's Government l ; Si t c,"at had Lord G rey's Government to do with Lord Me - I kitar t-r ' 's ? But the resent Government was not Lord Mel •eali,r',, but the & P .C.-chamber Government. It had been Per 4 t a Liberal Government, bnt a great statesman ha , d , roc s 4 t4 n !sltted it " shabby Government."—(Cries of lie_ 4d roit e T''') He denied that he was a turncoat. He would :the ',"at the Government was Liberal in ore sense b kr:l4, r ". They had paid 700.000/. a year out of the public 1 /ie han;,Ters.on of the Administration. He then er ect at "me length into a consideration of the prohoble hQ tf an alteration of the Corn-laws, and contended that 4'1° 41 41 dul y Proposed by Government would he highly inju ~nY4:,'lTa,.,,iiverlisural interest, and would be of no benefit to w s, it s ,the community. Before we repealed . the Corn- Sir abeot: to be clearly proved to us that Prussia, Poland, *Arm (1' corn-growing countries would consent to take our itotill, goods. He cx,ress..e:d his entire confidence tu eel, and stated, that it elected tin ir Member he l his the Government about to be formed by Sir R. Pee • n Sir Al" l i P, ll( 'rt•— k Cheers and marks of disapprobation.. I. "kucE made a long speech in defence of the present trts , r-D 'en-t, amidst the cheers of his friends and the hisses of ,s),ponens. 7. 7' 7. Sitititerr then called for a show of hands, which was of sir M. Bruce, when a poll was demanded in of AI N rod, , s, which is to take place e, s d a , next .Itlipnrt.L i. .- 4 ` ll °lt o 's talk confidently of success. On the last occa- . Orbes Wils return e d only hy a inaje:one, and ated by a Committ ee o f the House of Commons. WIGTON SHIRE. ;ma lt le ' T oN, Jr . p;cturesquely situated and pretty b ristle. pol ts morning the scene of great excitement and e _xerti itical parties here are nearly at a balance. Great are —l - the Conservatives to maintain the r thP position , - Part of -Pn, anti exertions as great are not wanting on f1.;,./tr %ll , L . the:: opponents to take from them their vantage ,%v t , t the last election, in 1837, a most keen contest pron t dclt he-e, an l at the present e l ect i on th e contestt i:os canrsodiar: = T be 'e, e fully as severe, if not more so. :: : t s. ico dtte gs were e r ete d aga i nst t h e mar k e t- c ross. At 12 40 elect° ,end and their friends proceeded to the host -4 non -electors assembled amounted to _oh s enfq 4. Mr? J, WALKER, haying opened his Court, sty) gone through the usual preliminaries, called on any elector to come forward and nominate a cindidate. Sir W. Ai AX WELL then came forward, and proposed Mr.:l. Blair, as a lit and proper person to iepre,ent min Parlia ment. He was secondart by Colonel li. Blair, of runllcey. The unite createdby the Liberals made him quite inaudible. Mr. M'TAcc A WI, M.P., for the Wigton district of burghs, came forward and proposed Captain Dalrymple, as a tit yen tidate for their !‘ufr.ag•s. In doing this, •he bore testimony to Mr. Blair's, the late Member's z, alous attention to the in terests of the county. lle had hone-tly done his duty to c.hose who returned him. But who had returned him? A knot. of 20 or :30 Tories. It was for them to decide whether ~hey would rmrport Captain Dalrymple, the scion of a noble 'u use, who had Liberal principles born in him, or Mr. Blair, who had not even the advantage of being a Seotchman. —(Laughter and cheers). lie hoped they would follow the ?xample of Kirkcudbright, and return Captain Dalrymple by a triumphant majority; Mr. Garronn, of 13Iairboy, seconded the nomination of Cap tain Dalrymple. Mr. J. BLAIR, the Conservative candidate, then stepped !orward to address the electors. 'The noise and uproar cretited were, however, so great that we could not distinguish a word 're said for a long period. We undcrstaod him to deprecate the budget brought forward by her Majesty's Ministers, and the manner, when beaten on that, that tl ey had appealed to the country, without the hope of success, merely to embarrass their opponents. More than half of the population, the capital, and the industry of this great country were engaged in agri culture, and yet the Ministers hrd brought forward measures calculated to effect the ruin of that great interest. he la bouring population would in no way be benefited thereby, for wages would be reduced by the propesed Corn-law in greater proportion than the price of bread. They had been told not to submit to the dictation, of Tory landlords, but were there not many of Lord Stair's tenants who would gladly vote for him, heart and soul, if they dared do Si ?--( Tremendous up roar.) He concluded amid loud cheering and uproar. Captain DenascarenE then came forward. He hoped to deserve the commendation which had been bestowed open him by his mover and seconder. He had Inv claims ou the electors. lie had no public character and no political experience, and he 'elt great diffidence in corning before them. But be came for ward on their invitation so struggle for the advancement ef those principles which were dear to them, and to overthrow those of their opponents--( Hear, ) Mr. Blair had made the Corn-laws a very prominent topic, and claimed the snpport of the farmers from his support of that law. He denied that Mr. Blair wt s more a friend of the farmer than he was. How could he be an enemy of the farmer, when the whole of his support, and that of his fa mily, were derived from the land? He was against the present Corn-laws, because all the great authorities of England op. ansed those laws, as injurious to the landed propietor, and still more so to the farmer. They had been made for the purpose of creating high rents. The great evil of the Corn laws was that they created uncertainty anti fluctuation, and ;ambling transactions, by which the Corn - law merchan t s made great 'fortunes, and the farmers were often ruined. tut there were ether subjects besides the Corn-laws—there were such things as civil and religious liberty, and this was the occasion on which to speak of them. He wished to give a full and free representation to the people arid protection to the voter. Would Mr. Blair do this? He wished enfran chisement to go hand in hand with education, and that 'all should have a vote who had intelligence and education to justify it.—(Cheers.) He wished to extend the benifit of education to all classes of the community, without any exclu sion whatever on the grounds of religious creed. Would Mr. Blair do this: He would give entire freedom of conscience to the Dissenters.—(Cheers.) These w ere the great points of difference be . .wern the Whigs and the Tories. He would read to them a statement of what were tho effects of Toryism when the Tories left office in 1830. The Gallant Captain then read a long statement from the Annual Register, stating that mid night burnings and incendiarism took place all over the coun try, that great disorder prevailed, and finishing with the climax that the King had been obliged to refuse to dine with the Lord Mayor. The Gallant Captain then proceeded to a state ment of the amount of the national debt in 1784, when the Whigs left office, and compared it with the amount when the Tories left office in 1830. The Tories had lost us America, then our most valuable colony, now our most formidable rival. The people of Scotland were now an enfranchised body. Who had given them that franchise? and who hid tried to with hold it from them?—(Hear.) He wanted to see the farmers happy, rich, and independent, and to secure these objects he should think it his melted duty to attempt, if returned by them to Parliamen'. But there were those who called themselves the farmers' friends, who, after the farmer had paid his rent, in sisted on his vote. and did their best to ruin him if he refused it. He wished to look on the farmers as friends. and not as slaves. —(Cheers.) •In conclusion he begged them to come early to the poll, and come all, and then they would make such an ex ample of their opponents that the very boldest Tory in Scot land should feel lit hair stand on end.—(Cheers.) The SHERIFF then put the question to the electors to choose their representative, and declared the show of hands to be in favour of Captain Dalrymple. Mr. Blair, having demanded a poll, the Sheriff appointed the poll to commence on Tuesday next at nine o'clock, at Wigton and Stranraer, and to conclude at four o'clock on Wednesday. UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE. CAM B It I I)G E.—The honours in civil law for the. year 16'40-41 have been this year adjudged, at Commencement, in the follow ing order : First Class.--Howes, Trinity Hall; Stonestreet, St. John's College. Second Class.—Jeuner, Trinity Hall ; Caldwell, ditto. Third Class.—Roche. FASHIONABLE INTELLIGENCE. ARRIVALS. William Gooderich, Esq., Airs. Gooderich, John Gooderich, Esq., and the Misses Gooderich (of Matson-house, Gloucester shire), at Long's lotel, from the Continent, after an absence of two years ; Mr. and Mrs. Gillett and the Misses Gillet, at ditto ; - Mr., Mrs., and Miss Burke, and the Masters Burke, Lt ditto., from Paris ; Mrs. John Portal and Miss Portal, at ditto, from Hants ; Captain Mildmay, at ditto, from Dogsmer field Park ; Henry Thompson, Esq.. at ditto, from Yorkshire ; John Penie, Esq., at ditto, from Ireland ; Mr. Levings, at ditto, from Faris; Colonel Mudie, and Mrs. Alleyne, at the Portland Hotel ; Admiral Sir D. and Lady Gould and Miss Atty, at Coulson's Hotel. DEPARTURES. Mr. and Mrs. B. B. Williams, from Portland-place, on a visit to Lady Susan and Captain Hotham, Woi;liners, Hcrts ; Thomas Penriee, Esq., and the Misses Fountain, from Long's Hotel, on a tour to the Lakes; Mrs. Coote and Miss Nike, from ditto, for Leamington ; Rev. William Maskell, front ditto, for Devonshire; William NieLolson, Esq., from ditto, for Dublin ; Edward James, Esq., f..om ditto, for New York ; Herbert Wykeham, Esq., from ditto, for Tythrop ; Howell Gwynr.e, Esq., from ditto, for 13egbie-house, Glamorgan shire ; Sir James Carnac, from the Poi tland Hotel, for Tun bridge-wells. VAUXHALL GARDENS. THE NASSAU BALLOON. 1 Yesterday the gardens of Vauxhall were well attended by i those who were anxious once more to behold the ascent of Mr. Green and his companions in the celebrated Nassau balloon. , There were present within the gates about 3,000 spectators; many of them persons of fa'hion, many men of science, and many ancient aeronauts, whose anxiety to witness a fresh ascent called them to the scene of their own exploits. Amongst the company were the Duke of Brunswick, Mr. George Womb well, &c. The ascent took place from the spot used in former days for similar purposes. The weather was calm at the mo ment, but the clouds above the heads of the company threat ened both wind and rain. It was blewing not violently, hut steadily, at the moment of the ascent, about 25 minutes past 6 o'clock, from the north north-west point of the compass. The balloon consequently took a south-south.t asterly direction, and as near as could he guessed by those in tke grounds pased over the Elephant and Castle, and made its course majestically towards Greenwich, and the Essex coast of the river. The. ascent was a very fine one. Mr. Green appeared in high spi rits at finding himself once more on the spot of his former ascents. He was accompanied by Mrs. Green, Captain Dud ley Ward, Captain Curry, Alr. Hepworth, Mr. Davidson, and Mr. David Dully, a gentleman who has on former occasions ascended with Mr. Green. The balloon, after leaving the earth, took r.n easterly direc tion, and had not ascended many minuteshefore Mr. Gi een dis cove' ed that the valve would not act. With the assistanee of Captain Curry, he applied great force to the valve-line, which gave way, leaving the valve unmoved. Mr. Green, in conse quence, announced his intention of making as speedy a descent as practicable ; but at this period the new church at Eltham was almost immediately under the balloon; end, to be certain of nut descending on it, Mr. Green found it necessary to dis charge balla t. This caused the Laloen to ascend to the height of between 6,000 and 7,000 feet. Having no means of dis charging gas, Mr. Green opened the neck of the balloen so as to admit as much atmospheric air as postib!e. This was so successful, that a gradual descent speedily commenced. The aeronauts were unfortunately over a very woody country, but Mr. Green succeeded, notwithstanding the inoperativeness of his valve, in effecting a safe and easy descent. after remaining an hour and a quarter in the air, in a clover field at Ilextahle, near Birchwood, in the parish of Sutton-at-Horne, near Dart ford, in Kent. Tice balloon having been thus brought to the earth with its full complin not of gas, Mr, Green tpd consi derable trouble in disci:as - ging it; but. he neverthele s suc ceeded in reaching the Ile al Gardens before the close of the amusement, with the whole of his party, who all expressed much satisfaction at their trip. Mr. Green admitted that, in all his ascents, he never had to contend with so formidable a casualty, and the completeness with which he surmounted it is a demonstration that there is little danger in aeronautics under ' scientific management, even the only lady in this trip, Mts. Green, having sustained no sort of iticenveniet.ce. LORD STANLEY ON THE CORN-LAWS.—In order to give his arguments two faces—one to frighten the manufacturers, and the, other the agriculturists—he assumes that the reduction in price compared to the last ten years, will not be more than 3s. per quarter, and yet this is to " sacrifice the agricultural interest of the country." Although he disclaims being .the author of these calculations, he has adopted them, reasoned from them, and clearly wished his hearers to believe that they were true. It is here as explicit as words can express. " The advantage to be derived to the consumer of corn, from removing this protection, and adopting the princi ples and the plan of Government, while you throw the agri cultural labourers out of employment, while you ruin the farmers, while you injure the landlords and diminish the employment they are able to aflbrd—the advantages to the consumer is somewhere about 3s. a quarter, as compared with the average price of corn in this country for the last few years. And that is the advantage which the con sumer is to obtain from the sacrifices of the agricultural interests of this country." I boldly ask, is this an example • of ingenuous, honest argument? Either he believes that the reduction will be more than 3s. per quarter, or he cannot be sincere in his alarm for the destruction of the agricultural interest. If this be not " thimble rigging" in , argument, I know not where to look for it.—Lctter in the Preston Chronicle. TIIE NEW PARLIAMENT. —There are two rumours afloat upon this subject. One is, that Peel will, upon getting into office, proceed at once to prorogue the new Parliament to an early day in January, without bringing forward any specific measures upon corn, cur rency, timber, or sugar ; the other is, that he will not, after all the money that has been expended in the cor ruption of voters, have a working majority ; and, in consequence, that another dissolution of Parliament will be the result in the early part of next year. Nous verrons. In the mean time, let every one pay his rates and taxes, and Register. That is now the duty of every Liberal.---British Queen. Miss Delcy has been offere d ver y tem p tin g terms to proceed to New York, but is not disposed to quit England at her early age, before she has the oppor tunity of further developing her • powers in some new operas. 3,1 r. Macready, we hear, has also made her very liberal proposals to be the Prima Donna of Drury-lane i next season, but it seems the negotiation has not ended favourably, from the manager not pledging himself to produce pusical pieces of a strictly operatic character ,. .. ..LONDON U • ESD Y . THE RAJAH OF SATTARA• The following is I%tr. ls ' s motion for the 14th of July, 1841, at the East India House : That it app tars from the papers laid before the Court of Proprietors, in the case of the Rajah of Sattara, that his Highness was accused of treasonable designs against the British Government upon parte, anonymous, and. contradictory statements, without his having an oppor tunity of defending himself. That he was called upon to sign a document admitting his guilt, as the condition of being continued on the throne ; that on his refusing to accede to this .extraordinary and degrading pro posal, while asserting his innocence, and requesting; to be informed of the charges against him, and the names ofhis ac users,—he was suddenly, at midnight, removed from his palace by a military force, deprived of his pro per y, and sent a prisoner to Benares, which extreme measures received the sanction of the majority of the Court of Directors. That such a course of pro ceding; must have the.affect of destroying the confidence of the native Princes of In dia, in the justice and honour of the British Govern ment ; and, therefore, this Court recommends to the Court of Directors that •a 'full and fitir investigation of the accusations against the Rajah be forthwith instituted, by an impartial Commit tee to be appointed fur that. purtaise ; and, in the event of the accusations not being substantiated, that the Rajah be restored to that throne which, according to the re corded opinion of the Court of Directors, he had for so many years adorned, by "a course of conduct calculated to promote the prosperity of his dominions and the happiness of his people.' CARDIGAN ELECTION. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. „ - Sin—Seeing a paragraph in your Paper of the 9th instant, ” That no rctui n has been made for the Cardigan boroughs, owing ts, the negligence. or something worst:, of a 'fury Mayor," I beg to say, that the subtraction of the poll-books 'belonging to one of theenntributary boroughs is:the cause of the doublere turns which I found myself compelled to make. The facts are aimply these :—At the declaration of the poll the Aberystwith plll-books were due, and it appears that Mr. Pryse, the Libe ral candidate had a majority of 83 at that pldce, and a majority of 20 on all the boroughs over Mr. Harford of Blair Castle, who canvassed on Conservative principles. The Mayor of Aberystwith forwarded the poll-books by a messenger on hot sekack to Aberayson, where he remained about. three hours, and then delivered them to a law agent of Mr. Ilarford's, who was on his way to Cardigan from Aberyst with, where he had been engaged during till day. This gen tleman, on his arrival in Cardigan at an early hour in the morning, delivered them to the landlord of the Black Lioa inn, from whose hands I have not been able to trace them. I am, Sir, your obedient servant, P. BROWN, Mayor of Cardigan. Cardigan, July 12, 1841. EXPENSE OF IMPORTING COI N TO .TIC; B 4.1 7 111:: S would now request yot.;_r att .‘ntioli to an ex pense on the -introduction orToreign corn of 3s. or 4s. per quarter, that I have never seen quoted in7l'arlia meat, or out of it, or byariv merchant. If 3•9 u reel. to Y( t )l o i b l a v c il c l o, fiP Sa d lt a ' any p4icies of insurance of tile underwriters on foreign shipments, seeds, corn, that liable to average, but only insured against total less. fi cl s : i r i t , ise hid a e t s, tbot declaring Now, every teT:th cargo of corn imported is averaged, and damaged. Now, as the' uriderwmters do not pay for &c. &c., arc not this average, it must be laid un the price of the sound and good corn. So that this is, a still further protecting duty above any I have ever seen quoted. I am, 'Sir, respectfully and obliged, hDMITND TAUNTO.N. 2, Crescent, Birmingham, July 10, 1,‘,'41. FRENCH AND ENGLISH HOUSES CON TRASTED.—It w 5 in. search for lodgings that we were most struck with the difference between French and English houses, in the extreme dis:;rder and discomfort of the doors and passages by which the former are pp proached. It is such, in tint, that no one, who can help it, thinks of living on the'. ground-floor ; such apart ments are, , therefbre, - almost entirely appropriated to shops and' other offices. In ma ny i n stances, I should certainly have supposed that th e e ntrance to a respect abi2 house would lead t o a pl ace for horses or cattle ; and the stairs, too, heing ney,r washed, and com mon to ail the families who live on the various stages or flats, are 'often dirty and disgusting in the extrcnil% Vet no sooner is 'the door of a saloon or bedroom 'thrown open than you see the walls z6lorned with be paper, handsome slabs and fire pieces of marble, ele?•ant time-pieces, and other fancy ornaments, with looking-glasses, ln gilt frames, in great variety and inimbar. in addition to which, the window curtains are always arran ge d w ith tast; and over the beds, which are•covered with silk or curiously knitted counterpanes, hang rich. canopies, chiefly .of.:erimson, co.nposed of f..stoons and fringes, as hands o m e a s the y arc often inappropri a t e . It than, without carpets, and without comforts of a thousand kinds, that English people are content to live abroad ; and am inclined to think that this is the f..,•mnd secret of being Able . tolive at less expris.ein France than our native country, because we are. satisfied to do without a vast numbor of things which we imagine to be essential to respectability at home. And, perhaps, we are sufficiently repaid for our self-denial, whc;re the climate is like that of the south of (la d Winter in the Py- France.—Mrs. Ellis's Summer ren:ws A STORMY NIGHT.—A bitter storm of sleet, sharp, dense, and icy-cold, swept the wet street, and rat tled on the trembling windows. Sign-boards. shaken past endurance in their creaking frames, fell crashing on the pavement; old tottering chimnieS reeled and stag gered in the blast; and many a steeple rocked that night, as though the earth was - troubled, it was not a time for those who could by any means get light and warmth. In coffee-houses of the better sort, guests crowded round the fie .e forgot to be political, and told each other with a se cret gladness that the blast grew fiercer every mi nute. Each humble tavern by the water side, had its group of uncouth figures round the hearth ; who talked of vessels foundering . at sea, and all hands lost —related many a dismal tale of shipwreck and drowned men, and hoped that some they knew were safe, and shook their heads in doubt. In private dwellings, children clustered near the blaze, listening with timid pleasure to tales of ghosts and goblins, and tall figures clad in white, standing by bedsides, and people who had gone to sleep in old churches, and being overlooked, had found themselves alone at the dead hour of the night ; until they shuddered at the thought of the dark rooms up stairs, yet loved to hear the wind moan too, and hoped it would continue bravely. From time to time thse happy in-door people stopped to listen, or one held up his fin ger, and cried, " Hark," and then above the rumbling in the chimney, and the fast pattering on the glass, was heard a wailing, rushing sound, which shook the walls as though a giant's hand were on them ; then a hoarse roar, as if the sea had risen •, then such a whirl and tu mult, that the air seemed mad ; and then, with a length ened howl, the waves of wind swept on, and left a mo ment's interval of rest.—Barnaby ,sludge. ILLUSION AT AN END EVEN AT THE Tneeieritre.-All is -not illusion at the theatre ; reality sometimes mingles with fiction—truth often takes the place of fable. We are making great progress in this way, as witness a case which recently occupied the Tri bunal of Cominereeo Formerly, when the scene required a table of banquet, the actors had a veritable Barmecide feast—fish, flesh, fowl, fruit, pastry, vegetables—all the solids were of pasteboard, and the deglutition was as un substantial as the feast; and rakes and nobles exhibited the various stages of drunkenness without once wetting their lips with the high-coloured, but very insipid water placed before them in glowing goblets. Now-a-day, nous evens change t rat ecla, as saith the medico of Moliere, pullets of substantial flesh and bone smoke upon-the dishes, the pates are genuine, and no less genuine is the champagne ; and a stage banquet is no joke to managers when they have to entertain such real performers as our estimable Lepeintre, the younger. In the different representations of Une Nuit au Terail, if we are to trust the statement of the caterer, Lepeintre, the younger, entered so well into his part of a noble, that he consumed chocolate and ac companiments to the tune of 41. 3s. 4d. ! For this sum the caterer sued the manager, who, after a patient hear ing, was ordered by the tribunal to pay it. Query ? Will not banquet seenesin.future be " left out by parti cular desire" of the manager.—French Paper. AN AWFUL EXPLOSION.----FOUR PERSONS KILLED.—A dreadful explosion of carburetted hydrogen gas occurred in one of the pits of Rhodes Bank Col liery, near Oldham, on the forenoon of Friday, the 2d inst. Eleven Miners were in the pit at the time, of whom six were in the part of the mine where the explosion oc curred. The noise of the explosion was tremendous, and the earthworks of the shafts were lunch disordered in consequence. , 6' The greater part of my property is situated in a district s, o u r abe to (the l Curse grrsetiofmh of v . iGowrile)fie:to, and, ere(e)lwipngeeut,liiatriler fa great variation in the price of corn, I found it impossible either ()un t of rent. I therefore for a adu landlord o • i toed the calculate the fair affi tried by a neighbouring proprietor, ofplaangprarienviorteisnlyt, which has since been extensively resorted to in Scot land), to be calculated' according to • the market prices, so that -I can speak from experience as to the great fluctuations to which the farmer is subject under the present Corn-laws." " I have also found , during an experience of 14 years, that the value of rich land has deteriorated considerably, whilst that of the poorer soils, up to within the last two or three years, since when trade has been on the decline, has risen in value, and a greater quantity , of that description of land has been taken into- cultivation, not certainly for the produces tion of wheat, the quantity of which grown in the district which I speak of is mu c h diminished, but to be lftt•inelh Someonof what m my.e tetr e ll an in ts, Scotland, the green crop system w peti tion against the Corn-laws, can of the fact, which seems to be overlooked by agricultu rists, that the land can give a return with greater ad ghiov e leave practical signed a evidence vantage to itself, and consequently to the cultivator. of other produce than grain, as, when they grew wheat , they were always in arrears of rent, whereas now they are able to pay punctually, deriving at least half their profit from their stock, and consequently the cry of poor land being thrown out of cultivation is quite a fallacy."— Lord Kinnaird's Letter to the Anti-Corn-kite Association. FATAL ACCIDENT.—Last evening., about six o'clock, a melancholy and fatal accident occurred in St. George's-road, near the Elephant and Castle, by which a fine girl. about four years of age, unfortunately lost her life, and three other persons were seriously injured. At the above hotir a horse and chaise, in which a person named Atcheler, who is a respectable veterinary surgeon residing in Cow-cross, West Smithfield, and his wife, were observed proceeding along St. George's-road at a most furious rate, and Mr. Atcheler using his utmost endeavt , urs to stop the horse, but in vain. Mrs. Atcheler was terrified at the reckless career of the horse, and screamed out to to the lookers-on to stop the animal if possible. There were a great number of children in the road, and as the vehicle came past Prospect-place, a child named Mary Barfield, whose parents reside in Smith's-place, IT:non-street, London-read, attempted to cress the road, when the step of the chaise caught the Clothes of the poor child and dragged her upwards of 100 yards ; on being picked up she was found to be quite dead, her brains being literally dashed out, and both tier arms broken. The horse continued his impetuous course. and soon afterward knocked down another child named John Wat son, who susteined a severe concussion of the brain, besides other material injuries. On arriving at the Elephant and Castle the animal dashed the chaise against a cart which was standing in the road, by whieh it was shattered to pieces, and Mr. and Mrs. Atcheler were thrown into the road with great violence. Mr. Atcheler was seriously injured ; Ales. Atcheler fortunately escaped With a few bruises. OUTRAGE AT WATERFORD. ELEVEN PER.ONS SHOT.—On Thursday evening, about nine o'clock, a crowd of children assembled in the Manor, and were shout ing, " Down with the Tories," " Wyse and Barron for ever," with several exclamations of a like nature, when a monster, named Morgan, who resides in Henry-street, opened his door, and deliberately fired a pistol, loaded with balls or slugs, on the young and innocent creatures; he then reloaded and tired again, and then shut his door, and fired a third shot from his window. lie succeeded in his deadly purpose. Will it be credited, he • wounded eleven • defenceless children, three of whom are not expected to recover? Some boys, indignant at this horrid and brutal outrage, as sailed the residence of this wretched and blood-stained man, and brinks the windows in front of his house, but they were stopped by a few discreet neighbours. The pace conducted the prisoner in perfect safety to the Mayor's office. The following named wounded persons (all being under , tire ace of eighteen) sat at the side bar :—Joh a n na Henne s berry ' , Alice Foley, Mary Doyle, Alice Keating, Michael Kelly, and Martin Magrath. Some of the other persons wounded were sent to the Leper Hospital, arid others are in so dan gerous a situation that they cannot be removed. Among the , later are a' eon of Mr. Thomas Torpey, a little girl named Mountain, and a boy named Quilty. Aleut ball-past ten the prisoner Morgan was brought forward, when the Mayor read the informations of some of the wounded people - . charging the. prisoner with having fired two pistol shots. The 3layor during u n the g t l t1 ; 2 1 - lia said he should commit the prisoner, and would not hike bad. t'ince writing the above, we'hare heard that the - child named fully committed. is s he sth instant ..... ADi, Mountain rEidA q eT b di a fi s r d oo i 7 e ) : l - lA , : e f I v : l e ri rz Te - i o .El u b ri lit t .d l:. (N7t ll .7..._ l o o n r b g .c a i n eii. died at Celrain, in the elvish a Kincardine, Ross-shire, , Donald. Ross, pensioner, in the 107th year et' his age. This I hoary veteran foemeda connecting link betwixt this and a • period now scarcely recollected but as matter of . history. He oc r Ic el . g oif n l o liii f fts„) 7.. , : fi i h r: i. g ne entered the British army as a private in the 21st, or• Royal Ge'rge IL, anti, havinE, , :received a wound, was discharged, in the rank of corporal, m the year 1786. with a pension of North British Regiment of Fusiliers, years, t l l- s. hi having; a l ' ' N e l: N l V :g rn d .: (n r: t s l '. l r 4 7e l h l e e iim : ecd a h s ae l a te l o : gj e cot t )i o el edr ii' al k ' about every day, and gathering sticks and brush ile from his little cottage. drummer of 'fain, about i. ' .% I B, h o e isod N , N N l a r i f i te t writer teas ha the n hi f se r , cr.- daughterttiiece,.,' o t 'I y townu r e9 r arf en tlhy h ea im nl a century ago, and still survives, an aged woman of about eighty. His . family are all dispersed , and at his b emb i e funeral, which took pla i a i t iv l er?e inicsasrdcoineu r. Ki n cardine, were none of his near relatives TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Hull, July 12. SlR.,—That the Tories will have a majority in the new Parliament is beyond doubt. though Scotland and Ireland will do their duty ; but as. they only retui n as many Members as the English and Welsh count es, they cannot turn the scale. Not withstanding the unheard-of bribery mot:l;st the old freemen, the towns and cities of England and Wales give the anti-mo nopolists a small majority. In fact, the Reformers have a ma jolty everywhere but in the English and Welsh co-int ies. whose constituency is more ignorant; and exposed t 9 aristocratic in fluence, than any otter voters in the kingdom. The question now is, shall the intelligent people of this country suffer the Queen, contrary to her wishes, have the Tories forced upon her, and the nation thrown into confusion, without making another effort ? I think petitions should go from every community of Reformers, however small, urging her Majesty to dissolve Parliament every time the Tories fac tiously oppose good measures, until we obtain a House of Com mons not elected b y Tory bribery. Rich as the Tories are with public plunder, I do not think they could afford to bribe at another election to the extent they have done at this, if it took place before the year was out. The step I recommend may be a serious one, but it would be preferable to a rebellion in Ireland and disturbances in Scot. land and the manufac'uring districts of England, which would inevitably attend the introduction of the Tories into office. I am, Sir, Your obedient servant, A REFORMER. SUICIDE AT BLACKFZIARS BRIDGE . —Last n'ght. between eleven and twelve o'clock, as police-constable Bailey, 349, was on duty on the western side of Blackfriars Bridge, his attention was Edirected to a well-dressed female, about 1:8 years of age, who was rroceeding on the opposite side of the bridge, but whose appearance indicated great dis tress of mind. lie kept her in sight, until arriving at about the middle of the bridge, when she turned round as if to see whether she was observed, and perceiving the I obeeman, almost in the twinkling of an eye she bad mounted the seat of the centre arch, thence to the parapet, and notwithstanding the exertions of the policeman to prevent it, she succeeded in precipitating herself into the water. No time was lost in put ting off' a boat with the drags, but she was carried away by the tide. A SUPPOSED LUNATIC. —Yesterday, a gen tleman named Cameron, residing at No. 3, Wardrobe-place, Doctors'-commons, called at the Fleet-street police station, and requested the advice and assistance of Inspector Fos berry, under the following circumstances :—Mr. Cameron stated that a gentleman was then lodging at his house whose conduct was that of a maniac, and his impression was, that he had escaped from some lunatic asylum. He took the lodg ing on Saturday evening last, and the moment he had gained access to the room intended for him to sleep in, he com menced talkin g loudly and mos: incoherently. Imagining, however, that he was under the influence of liquor, he was admonished, and he became more passive, and at the usual hour he (Mr. Cameron) and his family retired to rest, from which, however, about the middle of the night, they were disturbed by their new lodger, who was parading up and down the stairs, and talking as if in quarrel with some one, and endeavouring to gain access to every room in the house. He (Mr. C. ) again t emonstrated with him, but could gain nothing from him but a wild and vacant stare. He, therefore, called in Police-sergeant Munday, No. 304, whose presence appeared, far the moment, to quell him, and he was induced to retire to his room, but could not be persuaded to take oft his eke hes and go to bed. lie kept to his room the whole of the following day ( Sunday ). When, however, night came on, and they head retired to rest, they were again aroused from their s lumbers. and their ears assailcdby incessant loquacity and vociferations of tbeirnoisy lodger, who now asserted that he had been robbed: in fact, they had not been enabled to obtain a moment's rest since he entered the house. Inspector Fosberry immediately sent Serjeant Alunday to the unfortunate gentleman, who at once censen ed to go with him (the sergeant) to the station• house, where on his arrival, it was quite evident that he was in an unsound state of mind, and the probability is, that he effected his escape from his keeper or from some lunatic asylum. Upon searching him, a valuable gold repeater, with gold chain and seals (on the seal is the motto "Ad mortem fidelis"), a gold eye-glass 13 sovereigns, anti a double sovereign were found. Upon questioning him, he said that Pearce, his name was Edward and that he was 72. No reliance, however, can be placed upon this. His dress is that of a much faded suit of black, and his right boot has got a large hole upon the instep. Ile has grey hair, a fair complexion, and is about five feet ten inches in height. He was ultimately sent to the Compter for safety, in the hope that his friends, or these who may have had the care of him. may be discovered. SHOCKING ACCIDENT.—A •hocking and fatal accident occurred vesterday, at the corner of Rupert street, Haymarket, by which a girl of about fourteen was killed in an instant. The poor child, whose name did not transpire, bad been down with two of her relatives to Cranbourne-alley, to make purchase of a bonnet, and on returning towards llegent-street, was knocked down by a dust-cart, and killed on the spot. The wheel of the cart, which was nearly full, passed over her head, and produced such an extensive fracture of the skull that on subsequent examination by Mr.Freneh, the surgeon of St. James's parish, a portion of the brain was found to have been forced out through the right ear. Strange as it may appear, the instant the wheel had passed over her she got up upon her legs, the blood streaming from her eyes, nose, and ears, but the next moment fell dead to the ground. The body was taken to St. James's work house in Poland-street, where it awaits a Coroner's in- quest. A Flan " BOOKED."—There are various ways, it seems from the following fact, of capturing fish, with out having resort to rod, net, spear, or gun. On Tues day evening last as the IVaterwitch packet, No. 2, was coming from Lancaster, near Farlefon, and the mate, James Dixon, Was sitting in the bow of the boat read ing, a trout about a pound weight leaped from the water upon the book which he was engaged in perusing, perhaps being curious along with him to pry into its contents ; we have "learned pigs" and many other ani mals in the world now-a-days, why may there not be learned fish also ? however this may be, the finny biblio pole fell a sacrifice to this thirst for matter out of its pro per clement ; no sooner was it upon the book, than the mate pressed both together to his breast and secured the prisoner, taking it Celow to exhibit to the passengers alive as it was. Seeing was believing in this case, al though such things are not to be seen everyday. 11IE GENERAL STEAM NAVIGATION AND PIICENIX Coruumns.—The law proceedings which have being going on in the French Courts have ter minated. It will be recollected that the Britannia steamer, belonging to the General Steam Navigation Company, came in collision With the Flicenix steam-ship, belonging to a Company at Havre, and that the lat ter was sunk - off Margate in deep water and totally The Steam Navigation Company haVing had two deci sions against them in the French Courts have resolved not to prosecute the matter further, as they do not expect to have justice for some time. The Directors, have, therefore, given up the'Britannia, steam-ship to the Havre Company. The Britannia is, we hear, worth from 26,0001. to 29.0001. and that the law costs which the former will have to pay, amount to about 4,0001. or . 5',000/. had the case been tried before persons competent to judge upon such a matter as " a collision at sea," in which much nautical skill is absolutely necessary, the result would, we confidently believe, be in favour of the General Steam ::•:avigation Company-.—British Queen. YORKSHIRE GENEALOGIES.—FamiIy genea logies are kept by the enumeration of the given, or, as they are called, the Christian, names of the ancestors. " Jack o' Dick o' Bob, :op o' t' hill ;" that is; Jack is the son of Dick, and grandson of Bob, who resides on the top of the hill.' Surnames are little used in the dis tricts where this registration serves. " Olive o' Susan's o' Mary's o' Bill's !0' Matthew's . t'. Mount :" " she wed. Robert o' Bob's, at Foster Clough,.Far Lane Ends, near Midley."—Rev. 11. W. liamilton's Prose. and Verse. WOOD PAVEMENT. --The wood pavement in front of Whitehall has now been tried more - than two years, and succeeds admirably. Sonic days ag6 a consi &rabic portion of it was raised to make an alteration in the gas-pipes, and the bed of concrete on Which the wood rests, and the pins which unite the blocks; were found as entire and sound as when the pavement was laid down. The'abrasure -which-has taken place on the wood for the two years 'does not exceed the eighth of an inch. Two POACHERS SHOT.—On Saturday night last Gaunt, gamekeeper to W..lforsfall, Esq., of Calverley, came up with two young men in the woods poaching. One of them has been but a short time. released from Wakefield. They had a dog with then; and Gaunt says I hat, in raisin; his gun to shoot it, the gun went cff before he got it'to his shoulder, and lodged the contents in the bodies of the two poachers. One of thcm is dangerously wounded. Gaunt sur rendered to justice on Monday.... Wakefield Journal. 3 18: I . THE BLACK EAGLE OF PRUSSIA DE;iCENT TO GENERAL BOY ER. P.: II Z - LY .total dearth of anything poli tical; ahu, brings down upon a Parisian correspondent that Setnnolency which at present seems to oppress France _herself. However, fbr lack of more Substantial matter, I have strung togeth,tr a f.w, , antiquarian rend. niscenoes upon the Order of the Black Eagle, with which General Bo ••r was a few days since invested. As Na poleon himself was the first bearer of this badge, and anything connected with this great man appeals strongly to all men's hearts, I flatter myself that it will have interest. The venerable gossips of Lampsacus and Mitylene used to relate it as a most miraculous sort of accident when talking to the little Greeks they nursed in their laps, how that an eagle, sporting in the heights of the air, dropt on the bald 'sconce of aEsehylus a sizeable stone, which concussed the Poet's . brain, and led to the extinguishment of his life. But it has come to pass in these later days that the case is just reversed ; fur it is not the eagle who now adopts the stone, but the stone that adopts the eagle ; or, to express ourselves unam biguously, the art of heraldry has put the eagle in a new position, and by graving this "lord of the skies" upon its arms and blazons:lents, has drawn him from his airy realms, and indelibly fixed him in a gilded sureoat. The Romans were the first who began to practise this heraldry. The fine predisposition of their minds led them tem admire beyond expression this noble bird, who "rode royally on wings of winds,"—whose name of Aquila, the rapid bird, gave name to Aquilo, the swiftest of winds,—and whose flight shot up past Athos and Mons Quirinal. They-, being no unexpert symbol makers, ordained that it should stand in the list of those things which were typical of bravery and virtue, and which, when it afterwards became placed on the top of the flag-bearer's pike, was looked upon as an omen that infallibly marshalled the way to conquest. Wolves, boars, and leopards, indeed, were long, by the de scendants of Romulus, borne as heraldic, ,ensigus e but Claus Marius, the hero of Carthage, put totally . .this troop of animals to the rout, and in his 'Con sulate Made a decree that the eagle should alone Ise the badge of the empire. It has ever been the - badge of courage. • Catiline, bad as he was, was nevertheless bold, and he was known superstitiously to attribute half his valour to the superintendence over hint of his Silaer Eagle, which he kept in his room, and regarded as , a tutelar) divinity. . , Thu silver-winged eagle was long a favourite. Its blanched plume was the fairest of ornaments, and in comparatively modern days a King of olden Poland, Vladislaus by name, thought fit to institute in the thir teenth century the Polish order of the White Eagle, which because an honour to knighthood. The occasion of its making was a merry marriage-time, when the bridals of his son, young Casimir, were about to shed gladness through the realm. The writer of the " Song of Songs," has a very quaint simile in his episode, wherein he likens the stomach of the beloved to " a heap of wheat set about with lilies," and this new Polish order was assuredly not less curious. For where, think you, that they wore the badge of their order ? Not in a sash across the • breast like a cordon Idea, or ribbon of any other order, but, says erudite Selden, " The Knights of this order were distinguished by a gold chain which they wore on the stomach, and to which was suspended a.silver eagle crowned." Pity that this order did not exist in the days of the son of Tydeus, whom the quick-witted satirist described as a moving magno stomacho." But Poland is lest among the kingdoms now, and the wings of her Eagle which glistered with silver, are clipped and shorn, and she amid potsherds and the dust. Prussia took part in the divisions of her spoil, and like a proud insulter, wears, in scornful glory, the identical trophies which once adorned the former. Prussia seems tacitly to have confessed that the soft white plumery of the Polish bird was but ill fitted for so dark a brow as her own, and therefore, with characteristic good judgment, adopted the eagle of her fallen sister, not white and stainless, but black and blood-dyed, as it had been rendered by her own trenchant sword. Poland ! look to that Black Eagle which Prussia carries on her arms, her chariots, and her court-gear, and acknowledge it as the mark of your own subjection, and the badge of oppressing Powers. Thus instituted, the order of the Black Eagle had for its ensign a ;;old cross of eight points, enamelled blue ; the ciphers-letters F. R. stand in its centre, and in the fbur angles is the Eagle of Prussia enamelled black. The manner of wearing this cross on ordinary days is different from that need on collar-days, as it then con sists of a broad orange-coloured ribbon, which is passed scarf-wise from the left-shoulder to the under-part of the right arm. The Knights also have embroidered on the left breast of their coats and upper garments, a star of silver, slumped like that of the ensign of the order, on time centre whereof is an eagle, displayed black, holding in his dexter-claw a chaplet of laurel, and in the other a thunderbolt, with this motto round it—" Suom Calque." How noble are the knights of this Order, may be gathered from the fact that in its princely numbers it reckoned foremost the Emperor Napoleon. Though enmity, deadly at last, broke out against him from the King of Prussia, yet there had been days when they had joined in.feastings together, and delighted to bestow on each other reciprocal favours. Among these .is to be numbered the Black Eagle. Prussia bestowed this upon him as the costliest token of its favour, and for many a day, at the Court of Bylau, Napoleon wore it on his front. Bat clouds, at a later date, gathered round Fon tainebleau, and Prussia, remembering ' her old smarts, no longer flapped, with a loving wing, the cheek of Napoleon, but made ready her talons for the pounce. Waterloo was fought, and the " Tete d'armee " with his legions vanquished ; but, strange to relate, the Prussian eagle, which that day had been. the actual cause of his discomfiture, was not flying upon the plain on the wings of Blucher's columns, but was nestling beside him in his o‘vn carriage as he tied by night, so that the Black Eagle was found in that vehicle after he had deserted it. When the .Prussians came up they taind it, and this treasure was again restored to the hands of its first be stower. This honourable badge remained for some time empty and unoccupied in the hands of the King of Prussia, to whom it had thus reverted. Nevertheless, Prussia had her eye upon the warriors that were working in her war-fields, ,and a General was soon found who was deemed worthy to wear anew the honours of Napoleon. General Gneisenau was gradually rising in repute ; he was the best military man of the time. He bore part in the columns of Blucher, and his advice at the battles of I Brienne, Leon, andNauchanip, •in 1814, was creditable and productive of great good. The victory of Waterloo added greatly to his laurels. Shortly after lie was pro moted to the rank of Field-Marshal. Still the Black Eagle remained unused. The sun of Napoleon sank behind the mountains of St. Helena. Prus sia was now at peace, and began to look around her. upon those whose past exploits rendered them worthy of notice. The sagacious eye of the King soon singled out Gneisenau, and at the same time that lie created him a Count of the Kingdom, brought out of its temporary seclusion the famous Eagle, and invested Gneisenau with its sable honours. Gneisenau, thee worthily decorated, rose higher •in his master's esteem, and as we all know was made this Prince's Minister of State, and lie assisted at the nego tiations in Paris in 1815. lle afterwards commanded the troops on the Rhine. 11l health subsequently attacked him, and the second bearer of the Black Eagle died. Prussia again retook its Eagle, and again this sterling prize was unapplied for a time. But a few days since, the worth of General Boyer brought that veteran soldier before Prussia's eyes, and there was found . tunong the gathering of officers and marshals none fitter than he to wear this ornament of heroes. Boyer began his life in the army, and, in the 9th regiment of Dragoons, made all the campaigns of Italy. All his grades were obtained on the field of battle. Under Admiral Villaret-Joyense, in 180:2, he went to Martinico, and took part in the la bours, and executed, often in the most brilliant manner, the perilous orders of his commanding chief. In 1805, he was charged to retake Fort Diamond from the Eng lish, the most important of the Antilles—a rock made tenfold more formidable by art, and called by the British the Gibraltar of the Antilles. Boyer, after` hree attacks, took it; and even the English journals po out in commendation of his bravery. He showed himself amone; the fiercest in retarding the marches of the allied army in 1814. .After Waterloo he was sentenced to death, which was commuted to eight years' imprison- , ment. Mercy interfaced tor the gallant officer's sake,. and after three years' confinement he was again received into the army with a complete restoral of his honou7s,. 1 and permitted to be classed among the cavalry-colonels. On half-pay. Wheat services lie has rendered Prussims. are well known. The Black Eagle has therefore, for the third time, again alighted on worthy shoulders. Boyer, since his investiture, wears it with due dignity. On collar-days he looks remarkably well, the ensign being. then worn pendant to a rich collar of gold, composed of round fiat spheres of the same precious metal, each enamelled with four cyphers of the letters F. IL The centre of the piece is set with a large diamond, and over each cypher is a regal I crown, all richly chased, intermixed with eagles displayed, enamelled black alternately, and holding in their aaws thunderbolts of gold. May he wear it long. The above forms a scrap of modern antiquarianism, if such a negation of terms may be allowed. To trace the descent of • these little gewgaws and playthings of royalty is amusing, it' indeed they furnish not other sources of profit. - On this latter score we esteem that writer Much, who, when he set about to tell us of the second pearl of Cleopatra that Plancus saved, dropt not his pen at the close of dui circumstance, but traced thee identical gem through its subsequent destinies, till he found it consecrated in a temple to Venus, after which finding he found it n o more. The history - of thee Black Facle - we Imre likewise preserved in tracing down to the pre:;ent day. leaving later antiquarians to follow it through the nineteenth and consecutive centuries. What fatality may await it we are not wise enough to say, but if, from the unforeseen accidents of time or caprice, the Order itself become annihilate or extinct, this relic of the order, which has gilded the front Of Napoleon, shall re main as a record of that Order's existence in the arsenals of the Seldoss, or the archives of Potsdam. ELEcTons !—REGISTER ! REGISTER ! The `)oth of July is the last day for sending in county claims ; and for 101. voters paying poor-rates and assessed taxes in boroughs. County electors who are not already registered for the same property, or who have changed their - places of abode since last July, must, on or b fore the 20th of July instant, send to the overseers of the parish in which their property is situated their claims to vote, which must contain a description of their places of residence, the nature of qualification, and its situation, or the tenant's name ; and they must. send with each claim a shilling. _Borough electors who live iii 101 houses will lase their votes untefs they pay , on or before the 20th of July instant, all poor rates and window taxes due prier to the 6th of April .last, whether demanded by the collector or not. Scot and lot voters, will be disfranchised unless they pay, on or before the 30th of July instant, all the poor-1" Oct, which have been de . o,...'neki of up to that day. STATE OF THE LIBEL LAW. SIXTH REPORT • Oh' 1/Ell MAJESTY'S COM MISSIONERS ON CRIMINAL LAW, DATED MAy 3, 1341. (Presented to both Houses of Parliament by eikrtmand of her Majesty.) To 'Tar, qt.TIMIN's MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY, IN HER ttion counr OF CHANCERY. We, your Maje:4's Commissioners, appointed by your Majesty's Commission, hearing date the 26th day of October, in the first year of her Majesty's reign, whose hands are hereunto set, do humbly submit to }our Majesty, in our present Report, the consolidation ot the law of England respecting , the following . offences 1. Treason and other offences against the State. 2. Offences against the Protestant Establishment de clared to be treasons and misprisons of treasons. 3. Libel. 4. Offences against religion. 5. Offences relating to the coin. 6. Offence relating to the public revenue. Ancl, according to the method - which we have adopted on the precious occasion, we have prefixed to the several parts of the digest now submitted to your Majesty such prefatory remarks as have appeared to us to be necessary for the purpose or" explaining the principles upon which the law is founded, - and also the reasons for the course which we have adopted in its consolidation. EXTII.ICTS, A remarkable instance to show the injustice of reject ing evidence of the truth of the statement contained in an alleged libel on a prosecution, wi:h a view to repel the presumption of malice, is understood to have been mentioned by the Lord Chancellor (Lord Brougham) in his evidence before uselect committee of the House of Commons on the law of libel, in which his Lordship (be fore he left the bar) had been counsel. The publisher of a newspaper was prosecuted by indictment for having stated a fact, namely, that a person 'teaching in a public institution had been convicted of forgery in France, and simt to Iv, in irons. The learned counsel rested his case on negativing malice, and for this purpose offered to prove'that the statement was merely a reference to a known fact. lie prOduced with that view the moat satis factory evidence that conkd be given, an exemplification under the sealof the court of the record of the comic . nen, by which it appeared that the prosecutor had been tried for forgery, convicted, and sentenced to work in the galleys, or in the - streets, with - a chain round his leg. The 'learned judge who presided at the trial re jected this evidence, which by the law he was undoubt edly bound to do, and the defendant was convicted, just as if he had been the author of a false, scandalous, and malicious libel. Whilst:the exclusion of the distinction between•truth and falsehood is, with the exception alluded to, and subject to the condition which has been noticed, con sistent with the operation 'of the limited principle avowel by the law of England, such exclusion would obviously be inconsistent with the adoption of a larger principle, viz., the protection of the private individual in his private capacity, in the enjoyment of his reputa— tion ; for there the very nature and character of the injury itself depend on the truth or falsehood of the charge, and the truth of the charge must either be a conclusive answer to the complaint of injury to repu tation, or must.at all events greatly diminish the extent of the offence and mitigate the Atilt of the offender. ite gardine• the offence simply as it concerns injury to the • individual, it difficult to say that any one ought to be protected in the enjoyment of that reputation which exists only through ignorance of the truth, and which is therefore in itself false and deceptive. In such a case a guilty individual may suffer privation, but it is impossible to say that he suffers injury from pub- Betty; unless ignorance of the characters of individuals, which cannot possibly be of advantage to the public, can constitute a private right. The law of England, so far from acknowledging the existence of any such right, posit vely disclaims it, in making the truth of the alleged libel to constitute an absolute and peremptory bar o a civil action to recover a remedy for the defa mation in damages. Were the principle of rejecting evidence of the truth of an alleged libel to be ever so wel preserved, and which is more difficult to suppose, to be ever so well appreciated by the generality of people, the law would still be defective in moral effect, as making no distinction between a statement of the truth and the publication of a false and wicked invention. This, how ever, is a distinction which the law - of England recog nises, although at the expense of some inconsistency ; for it is the practice of the Court of Queen's Bench to refuse a criminal information in respect of a personal libel, unless the applicant deny its truth by affidavit. — p. 57. Acting upon the grounds we have above suggested, we naw proceed to submit the following recommenda tions : ~.a..., We recommend that, in respect of personal libels, two distinct classes of offences should be constituted,—that one of those should be founded on the general principle of protection to private reputation against such defama tory imputations as are false as well as malicious ; that the second should be founded on the principle already es tablished, of protection to the public peace by preventing t'ie publication of libels on private persons, tending to the disturbance of the peace. That in respect of the former class, the truth of the matter published, when it either directly or by implica tion contained a charge of misconduct, should be a bar to the prosecution ; that in cases within the latter class, the truth of the matter published should in no case be avail able by way of defence to the publisher of the libel. But that in either case, and generally, evidence of the 1 truth or falsity of the matter published should be admis sible where the occasion of the publication was a privi leged one, such as le ally to raise the question as to the actual intention of the defendant, whether he acted bona fide in reference to the particular occasion, or with an actually malicious intention independently of the occasion. That none' but a party . defamed, or some other person with his consent, should • be allowed to prosecute for the publication of a libel alleged to be false. The grOunds for these suggestions have already been adverted to. As regards the first, it has already - been obierved that the present avowed finindation of the cri. minal law in the case of personal libels is too narrow, as being confined in its object, principally if not solely, to the protection of the public peace ; we think that it ought to be extended to the protection of reputation as a valu able private possession, against a malicious injury, the remedy afforded by a civil action to recover damages being wholly inadequate to afford the protection which is necessary. • We see no objection in such cases, and so far as con cerns personal libels, to allow the truth to be a bar, as in the case of a civil action. Where the contents of the libel are not alleged to be false, but it is written with intent to provoke another to commit a breach of the peace, or where its terms are such as naturally and immediately tend to a breach of the public peace, it seems to us that the truth of the con tents of the libel ought not to constitute a bar to the in dictment. This stands on the principle recognised by the present law—it is essential to the public peace and tranquillity to prevent their disturbance by the unne cessary publication even of that which is true ; truth itself ought not to be made use of as a colour and pre tence for wreaking private malice and producing public discord.. Again, it seems to us that in all cases where, on its being admitted or proved that the party published the alleged libel on some occasion or miler cir cumstances recognised by the law as affording a qualified justification, dependent on the question whether he acted honestly and bona tide, in reference to the occasion, or mala fide, and out of mere malice, the truth or falsity of the alleged libel ought to be ad mitted in evidence, the better to enable the jury to de cide on the real motives and intention of the party. It is, we think, plainly inconsistent that in the first place the innocence or guilt of the party charged with libel should be made to depend on the actual disposition of mind and intention at the time of publication, and yet that one of the best and surest tests for deciding that fact should be withheld from the consideration of the jury. It is obvious that to exclude such evidence must often occasion the conviction of the innocent, and still More frequently the acquittal of the guilty ; no evidence can possibly be more cogent to show that the party was acting male. fide than the tact that he knew that the inju rious matter published was false. These provisions, we may observe, seem to unite, so fax as union is practicable, the ancient with the modern law in respect to personal libels, and at the same ti me remove an unseemly anomaly to the general rules and principles of the law of evidence. ' We further recommend that it should be competent to any person responsible as editor, publisher, or othe r • of anynewspaper or other periodical work, either l' aa " a ' ,7 l . e ,' a l u vo th rk er , t e t t. ) or after any prosecution commenced aigainst suchhiin in re specthim with such evidence as may of soy personal libel contained M disclose to the party libelled the name of the be sufficient to prove the fact, and a i ft n e c r aSe the libel, and to supply such disclosure tender to such prosecution shall be made and proof be given ion then incurred ; and that if such of c i h e d e , prosecution c to ut pay or the prosecutor the e co em sts m o e prosecutor shall, after such disclosure made . and evidence supplied, and incase such disclosure be not made and evi dence supplied before the commencement of the prosecu tion, also after tender of such exepnses.proceedwith the pro secution, the defendant, on proof of these facts, shall be entitled to an acquitt a l,' unless that the defendant the prosecutor shall prove üblish e•d out of actual malice ; said that in case the prosecution p' shall be forborne or, sus pended by such prosecutor, and he shall by the means of prosecute the evidence supplied the author, whose n ame shall have be en disclosed, the party so having disclosed the author's name shall not be liable to any prosecution, none having been commenced at the time of such dis closure or information, or to any further prosecution, in case of a prosecution suspended as aforesaid, unless the disclosure made and evidence supplied shall be insufficient to occasion the cOnviction of the party whose name shall • have been so disclosed ; and that, in case of failure from the insufficiency of the evidence so supplied, the prose cutor shall be entitled to commence a prosecution, -or to continue a prosecution already commenced, against such original publisher, and to recover from him the costs of such ineffectual prosecution. '•"'We found this recommendation upon the following grounds : that a party responsible, or It' very frequently happens • t . p r or periodical work the editor or publisher of a n n. e i w i s n P a i tiv ' ertence without any containing news, may, thrT;a• 1 matter. .'n • • • publish libellous . The injurious malicious motive, ' 1 v rc q uen tly depend on circumstances quality Of the lib:. •ma ~f In s ichca -•t•- ses 1 's obviously to which he is an entire stranger. i the real author of the calumny should be made politic that r ~. isconduct, and that the instrument of responsible or 121' In. whom no charge of personal ill-will or publication, against id not be further amenable. On the malice is made, should party so responsible was himself other hand, where the by malicioa;i feeling in publishing the libel, he actuated leeive to 'be allowed to discharge him self !nerd)- not, we co‘ •, , self !nerdy by disclosingthe name, and furnishinm the • means of convicting an ostensible author of the libel ; there would be danger of collusion, and a publisher ac- I tuated by malicious motives in propagating the calumny EVENIN SUN . We thi,uk, to be dealtsuggested by atiothek, ' ought, as a principal in effecting the injury. It *ill be observed that the above suggegiowns are eon- , fined to personal libels. To what extent tbe trath is material upon a charge of a political libel on :he admi nistration of the Government, reflecting on the conduct or measures of public functionaries, is a que stion of importance, which properly belongs to the c fats of offences . against the State. -Such libels e n sist wore usually in, intemperate and infiamma-- tory comments than on any false allegation of facts. Mere assertions as to public measures which are false in point of fact can seldom be of any real importance ; all such act.; are usually of public notoriety, and false statements are easily contradicted and confuted by means of the public press. It appears to us, however, that, in dependently of any considerations of this nature proof of• the truth of any such allegation ought not to he allowed to operate in bar of any charge of such an offence ; for, although the fact be true, the publisher may still be guilty of a malevolent intention to injure society by defaming , the Government. The truth, we think, (mot no more to be allowed to operate as a complete defence in such a. case than when a personal libel is published with intent to provoke the party reflected on to a breach of the peace. The question however, whether on a charge for a poet cal libel evidence of the truth ought to be ~ • dmitted, with a. view to negative a material fact of the charge—viz., the intention to bring . the Government into hatred or contempt, is one of a different nature ; the truth ought, we think, fur that purpose, and that only, to be admitted. Prosecutions, however, for such libels are, as we have' observed, more usually founded on violent language' and comments than upon any inisttements of facts. The question whether such remarks a:e made in a seditious and malicious spirit for the purpOse of defaming the Government, or are made bona tide in he exercise of that. right to discuss and criticise the conduct e and measures public functionaries, which is the undoubted privilege o the subject., does not admit of proof by . evidence acs al matter of fact. We may farther observe in Phis place, that the question whether the truth in such case' shall be admitted to the limited extent stated in proof of the ani mus does not alter or quality the definition of the ofteuce, but - is more properly a question of evidence to be ,e 0117: sidered under the head of " Procedure." The subject of proceeding by criminal information will` more properly fall under the head of " Process." We may here, however, observe that this course of proCead ing seems at all events to call for some modification. We think that if the pros :Tutor be allowed to state the falsity of the imputation as a ground for the application, the de fendant ought to be allowed to give - evidence upon the trial of the truth of the alleged defamation. We think also, that if this mode of proceeding be productive of peculiar advantages, it ought to be rendered more gene rally . , • _ available. * It is highly probable that by the ancient law of this coun try the falsehood of a libel was essential to its criminality. We should not deem ourselves to be justified in entering, on this occasion, upon any historical statement in support of this opinion.. t 'l'he law of France (as stated by Al. Dupin) distinguishes between libel on a private person and one on a public fund, on ary. In the former ease evidence of the truth is excluded ;iu the latter it is always admitted. BISTORY OF NEWSPAPERS. At a late meeting of the Statistical Society the follow ing paper was read by Mr. P. L. Simmonds In 1636 there were but 9 newspapers published in London, all of them at weekly intervals. 1'1'1709 the number had increased to 18, of whicn 1 was published daily. In 1724 there were 3 daily, 6 weekly, 7 three times a weep, halfpenny posts, and the London Gazette twice a week. In 1792, 13 daily, and 20 semi-weekly and weekly papers. In 1836, when the stamp duty was 4a..; the - total number of stamps issued for the 1., lilted Kingdom was 33,576,036. In 1839, 58,516,862. The ,consump tion of stamp; has therefore increased -64- per cant. since the reduction of the duty. The oldest existing London papers are, the English Chronicle, or White hall Evening Post, which was started in 1747 ; tho St. James's Chronicle, 1761 ; and the Moruing, Chro nicle, 1769. The oldest existing Provincial papers are, the Lincoln Mercury, published at Stamford, 1693 ; the Ipswich Journal, 1737 ; Bath Journal, 1742 ; Birmingham Gazette, 1741 ; Chestei Courant, 1733 ; Derby Mercury, 1742. The oldest paper - in Ire land is the Belfast News Letter, which was commenced in 1737. In Scotland, the Edinburgh Evening Courant is the oldest paper, having been first published in 1705. Newspapers are printed in every county in Enghtuei, with one exception—Rutland. In Wales, there - are six counties in which papers are not published, viz., An giesea, Cardigan, Denbigh, Montgomery, Pembroke, and Radnor. In Scotland, there are. 16 out of the 32 counties ; and in Ireland, only seven out of the 33 counties. In England there are no daily papers-published out of London. There are fbur papers published in Guersey, 4 in Jersey, and 5 in - the Isle, - of stamped. So far back as 1605, under Henry IV., a Journal, called the Mercure de France appeared regularly in. Paris, and was published by lichen, Brothers, book sellers, till 1635, When Dr. Rezaudot took 'it , and carried it on till 1644. ,It was continued by Messrs. Freselier and La Rriere till 1672, when it was called the Mercure Galant, which name it retained until 1710, when ' it assumed the name of the Garde Meuble Parnesse. In 1714 it resumed its old name of Mercure de France ; and in 1716 took that of Nouveau Mercure; but in 1721 resumed once more its original appellation, and retained it till the' Revolution: It forms a collection of nearly 1,000 whittles. The total number of journals and periodicals in Paris in 1779 was 35. The number published immediately before the Re volution was 169, of which 17 were political, and 252 of a literary, scientific, or religious character. The number of provincial journals at that date was between 70 and 80. Paris has now upwards of 27 daily papers, the average sale of which exceeds 90,000 copies per diem, while London has only 9 daily payers, with • a sale of about 45,000 per diem. The total number of periodical journals published in France in 1837, was 776, of which 326 behnged to Paris. The first journal published in the United States was the Boston News Letter, which appeared in 1704. No sufficient data exist for computing, with any degree of accuracy, the number of copies of newspapers at present annually circulated in the United States ; • but it pro bably does not fall far short of 100,000,000. The weekly issues of the British press of Lower Canada, are 29,000 ; those of the French press, 8,000. In - Upper Canada there are 28 newspapers published weekly ; in Newfoundland. 9, Bermuda, 2, and the same number in the Bahamas. Printing was introduced into Nova Scotia twenty-four years before it was commenced in Canada : the first paper was printed in 1751, on half a sheet of foolscap paper, under the title of the Halifax Gazette. The num ber now issued at Halifax is 12, and there are 3 in the country parts of the province. There are 4 newspapers published in British Guiana; 2 in French Guiana;- 1 or 2 at Bahia ; 8 at Rio Janeiro ; 8 at Buenos Ayres, one of which, a weekly paper, is in English. There are 9in Jamaica. At liarbadoes, 4 semi-weekly, 1 tri-weekly, and 1 weekly newspaper. Two of these have been • esta blished by the coloured population as their special organs, and arc supported and conducted entirely by this .elase. In Germany, newspapers originated in the "Rela tions," as they were termed, which sprung up at Augsburg and Vienna in 1524, and which appeared in the form of printed letters, but without date, place, or number. The first German newspaper in numbered sheets, was printed in 1612. The journals published in Austria. in 1838, literary and political, amounted to 76, of which 22 appeared at Vienna, 25 at Milan, 10 in Lombardy, 7 at Venice, 5 at Verona, and 7 in Galicia and Hun gary. In the kingdom of Hanover there were, in 16.10, only 4 political journals. In the Netherlands, in 1826, there were in the Dutch language 80 daily and weekly papers, and sever a l i n F renc h. i n Belgium, in 1840, 7 - 5 journals were pnblished ; of these 53 were in French, and 18 in Flemish. In Prussia, 16s were published in 1834. In Switzerland, 24 weekly in 1825 ; of which 9 were conducted by Catholic editors, and 15 by Protes tants. In 1817, there were in all Switzerland no neire than 54 printing-offic es , and 16 periodical jou rnals ; and in 1834 ther e were 93 of the former, and 54 of the la tter. The total n um b er o f j ourna l s published in Russia, in 1839, was 154. 'The Gazette of St. Petersburgh circu lates 6,000 daily. The first journal printed in pri n a i r d was in 1644. At present there are abeut 54 3 y weekly publications, more than halt of I n c r s theret,_h.en, greater p upply of art anti acre published in the capital. 1 1 2%orway is abundant, a the press ui that vied ry is perfectly free and no tax of , "".Y 1 ,. In 1832 there were kind is levied uu it. Christiana alone has 8 journals. ' l v B s u p t b h a l p i c s e c h r n e about 50 newspapers 1 literary journal, an a very p L b o li , s c h r e al d i l u na t g h a c z , i N n V e ll s o . le ( 1 , i t . , S s z e d d e e n n , strict censorship. in 1839 there language. The Finland ; 9 in Swedish, llyt(mit and 4 In - 18UU only 2 tt N iu v ; a : i t,;la pt b ib u l t is a he f d o.v r i i n ‘ n - s e s. r t j e s l } 3 l n n p o ni n d h:l r i i i e . population of '1 9 ,000 .o e oo ars political newspapers theT d d - • about 20 newspapers an al y journals an For- There are choenffelii VraSepoatnoi Spanish the 1 and 1 at the Azores.—The whole number of tu, , a , ' in Italy exceeds 200. Few of the existing papers apo, only 12 newspaper. a jour nalsdate back farther than the commencement of the present century. The Greeks publish 9: 4at Athens. lat N a . poli, 2 at Ilydra, and 2 at Missolonglii. The government Gazette of Corfu is the only journal published ini'the lonian Islands. There are about a dozen periodicals at Malta, most of them weekly. At Gibraltar, a 'govern ment paper, of a very diminutive size, is published. ;daily. —The journals published at Constantinople, in January. 1841, were the Tagrim Vakai, a government paper, and the Djercdei Havadis, in vulgar Turkish, containing ge neral information.—ln the whole extent of Africa there are 14 journals. One has appeared at Algiers regularly since its possession by the French in 1830 C 2 are published on the western coast, at the American colony of Liberia. There are 11 political news papers at the Cape of Good Hope, hale of which are printed in English, and half in Dutch; An official Ga zette was established in Persia in 1838. It is litho graphed. In Calcutta there are 6 English daily papers, 3 tri-weekly, 8 weekly, and 9 Hindustanee weekly.' At Bombay there are 10 English periodicals issued semi weekly, and 4 Hindustanee publications. Two weekly English papers were Published at Cento n. but are now removed to Macao. At Sydney there ere s newspapers. At Meltiourne, 3 papers published twiee n week, and 1 weekly at Geelong ; in South Australia 4 ; 1 serni weekly at Adelaide, and the others weekly. Swart River has 2 weekly. Van Diemen's Land; 13 weekly 'papers. Materials for printing a newspaper were sent out to New Zealand with the first settlers; the first number of the New Zealand Gazette having been printed in London before their departure. The second number appeared at Port Nicholson in 1640 ; and a rival: paper • was forth with established under the title of the New Zealand Ad vertiser at Kororakilla, Bay of islanth. The Sandwich Islands, have now their regular newspaper, the Polyne sian, formerly called the Sandwich Island Gazette, having been published at lionolulu ,ur la p« • pwaras of thee years. th :y 9 of it itit be of ' ►ll the lbe t4 Is of c i !13 r rol e 01 01 ' r the sit ej ;s °- :ss Vf re4‘ ^vi e' Y o' t r elay to l- fe se ,i - Ta i ;let)**