The Sun. — London, England, 1816-01-12 00:00:00

J.V.;1.1; :.‘ President of the Consisiory of tht Reformed Chard: of 41a1,is. The following is the account of this oe,Mfc'in n in the Dictionary of Weathercodu 11 , 1 . " The collection ut the little flatterinvieeeocs of M. Marron .is curious enough. The following are specimens from two of these diseourses.- IVhen M. Marron addressed the Emperor' in the arue of the Cousistory, he said— . " StnE,— ; The Cousistory of the Reformed Church of the Department of the Seine, lia4tens to felicitate your Imperial and Royal Majestympoo ...she new dangers you have surmounted,: the fresh laurels you have gathered,. anti th e t i cw a d vances you have made towards the hottourable_couque'st of peace. Sire, the Consists ry blesscs Divine Providence, the constant guide ancl-preServer.of your Majesty, and infplores for Iron its: otriukr . -*opted bleptings.. " Receive, Sire, the respectful homage of the ( I Consimory, and deign to gran t to it the conti utiation of your tutelar benevolence, and of your august protection'."-4Moniteur, Jan. 24, 1809.) " M. Alarcon says to Count D'Artois, and eon quently to the King : • • . to At the return of the Bourbons, our hearts, too long compressed, like those of alt French men, once more expand with joy .and hope. • Vie presume to place them without disguise at the toot - of the throne, that yohr Royal High'ness may deign to receive the devoted sentiments of the Consis tory of our Church, and that you may condescend to he the Interpreter °Hien:. to his Majesty Louis XVIII. your august brother ! Uncliangezibletin principles of our worship; the same as thOssi of .the GoTel, we shall be emulous .of Obedience smut fidelity. Our efforts to concur in the public. good, according to the means we poS,ess, shall b e , • its steady as our homage is pure, and as our vows are sincere. May the King, his Lieutenant, and, *he whole •of the Royal ..Funiily, be blessed by Lim, through whoiii Kings reign ! Under whoSe auspices could our interests he better guaranteed,' Or our rights 'more' sale, than under those of the worthy descendants of Horny ? M. Marro n , a distinguished Latin 'Poet, suf fered no opportunity of celebrating the least action of Napoleon tq escape. These Latin effusions cost him the following five lines in French • ; " Pour alehretlegratid rs'stpokon, Tout les toittiusle prdtlicaut Marron Met rate cote et spstolie et ductylel Blois par Catriu , Marron . West pasVirgile r Zt sou .1114wate cst hire tine Xdron.!' . 1.12:A1.41';i In laying before - our Readers the foil : owing let ters on a very important subject, we cannot ab stain from offering a few remarks. The ittiety of Dr. HARN'tss on a point so highly honoarahte to him, as the introduction, of the System alluded to in these Doeuments,—a system which has liett the source of so much comfort, and, we may add, of so . much glory to. the British Navy,---is tOo natural and commendable to require enmtnerq:— In an age wherein the philosophical application of long known but unappropriated truths to the amelioration of ImManity has . 'raised many indiri 'dn;Als to eminence . , this discovery of Dr. HArtNte . s entitles him to take rank among - that number, as a distingnished benefaetor of his fellotv-creatittes. We cannot, therefore, but join in the regret expressed that : Sir G. BeAtca Ginnie(' to record in his publication, a due testiinnov of the merits of this most beneficial Work.. ,To say that Leptons, or Lembo juice, were employed in the Navy a hundred .years. ago, detracts nothing from • the service rendered to his Country by IV. HARNESS' its 1793, when proceeding on his own. expe rience, and generalizing a n d a ppl y i ng i n a man ner entirely new . , the chemical reasoning -stated in his Letter to Lord AIELVILLP., he introduced into the Navy that process which has Since' §o mainly contributed to the health of the men and the effectiveness of their helligerent•operations.— Sailors .m4, , ,tit sock lemons in lEoo—so had milk maids, in thury=counties, the Cow-pock at that sera. : Pitt who goes about to deny Dr . . JFNN ttz the mighty merit of having discovered that mortal secret which, though it lay on the sur face, was yet so long hid from the eyes cif mankind--:the practice. of vaccination as a pre vent:ttive of small -fox. On pr , .eisely similar groomis does Doctor HARNESS stand with re spect to the arlieation of Citric-el:cid, and ecitiO ly does he deserve the gratitudeof his Country.----. We proceed to lay uis letters b'etere our Readers : INITATED. 14poleon the Great to rttlogise,, Marron, that sorry iirkCher, daily trios, Sipondee and dactyls poiau side by side; MA >lit by Galvin, 104Tr011 'tis clear, ,No hlaro, and his lamed Atignstus here , A. tyrant worse than Nero in his pride. !NIP): ONI ON A LAlt PLOPUDIENT. • Now drinking deep of Lore, and now. of'iru c. nAttAlt'S AnulniTtrus mnst b e di v i ne; • - • Wbilv poor SIGNORA sings from ere to dawn, “ . IVither, my love, ah wiiher art than gone!" " Newton, Jan. 10, 1810. It. THE MARKETS. CoaN-ExcH,otettt, JAN. 12.---Wre had but few fresh arrivals this morning, yet there was plenty for the demand, as the market continues in..the, *Arlie - dull state it has been for some. time past,- 10 the little business don e may be considered at prices. timyrnraam, JAN. 19.--This day's Market had not a good supply of the .varions kinds of Cattle ; Veal . and Pork were cheaper; Mutton was dearer; Reef sold at 'mit peieeV, And the .trade iu getrerat was somrwhat dull. The salitall thei Hay-lattikpt were not lively ; St t4W bas• (kopeck' • il , )Pcioc Eke, aid Clover fetched ,last itriees. The under-mentioned ryes and numbers are an accurate statement • • To sink the Offal, per Stone Of iilh. /leer, 4s; Od. to Ss. )4utton, 4s. od. to 6s. Bd. Laval), As. Id, tops. ()it. Veal, 63.0 d. to 7s. Od. Pork, .Is. eld. to s:i.ld. Beasts, 410. Sheep 8400. Calves 180. Pigs, W. • TraTc3l. Os. to .11.34. .Straw,•ll. Bs. to 11. 12s. Clovcr, 41. Os. to 01. ss. On Wednesday night the stable 'and couch house of Tnouns Witsobr,. Esq. Tyndale -place, Islington, were broken open and rubbed of car rhige•glasses, coachman's livery, and other ar. &ittiNtav evening;hetWECll 7and 8 o'clock, as Mr. Brown, : a travelling hookseller, was return ing from a circuit he travels by Woodhurst, Hunts, Losv4s knocked domin by two Ml:4pda, who carne "" n b " unawares, from behind a hedge near fe'll's Hole Turnpike, and robbed Of five P . ottnits in,bank notes ;. he was. left stunned by the blocs', until the villains made their escape We are 'still.without arty account est adnit has become of Lavaletta. The very affecting heroism of,Madanie• Lavniette., who,' to save Isis life, en-. irrangered her own, is the theme of universal'ad miration, and has excited for him in all fanks of society a sympathy Of which be was otherwise umwotthy. Whir rr noble instuoce it is' of the . great services Avhic Iv females can perform for the objects at their 'regard. Perhaps same - of . (int readers Valentine's Day, have to thank anaihr female for Sterlinr favours of a different' nienn Lady Port tine, wh,-) will reward . Ler favuurites• very soon with Two Prizes of Tw.coty . ,five Thousand Golden Guineas--Two more of Tvirenty Thowsand Pounds, Sic. &c. • the Ea/ode:4 «Bich Must fall to the present purchaser', Tie Lets, - and• there or; twt two litaukY'lO ti • • To Sir GII o rtERT BLA NE, Burt. M.D. Jamiary 10. ISM :SIR,—.T. have perused your pamphlet '' Ou the He"kth or the ? Navy," with coosiderable inte,rest. and reathittition ; and you allow ust inc to say, that it is ‘..ith 'no ;midi surprise," I peiceivc Oita in Your " lii iorictil Sketch, of the knowp powersi and use . .ot the Citr!c Acid in his Majesty's . . Navy, as a- renietly for„ a,id pieveotive'frr'lhe 'Scarq, and - of the, eircurnstances•which led to -its paring: been issued by Government as a general 9 11 /Ipir , -- , you have ,entirely omitted to . mention the use made .of it, and with what beneficial effects it: was . used hy,myself,- whet I was Phytician to. his :11ale‘ty's Fleet in the I.‘lediteeranean in the year 17)3, 'then under'the command of Admiral Lord Hood, for the use of whi c h, at „illy express sitg gestion; a very liberal . and general supply ,was istied, and the same system, With, the same Galli-, tary t•tfects, wit.; continued under - th e success i ve, .commands of Admirals Lord Ilothain, Sir Ilyde Parker; and Lord Si. Vincent. I cannot, I say, but express my surprise at .4 his . remarkable omis sion ; because, tr-mi your o(ltcial situation at that ' time, being Member. of the Board of -Sick and Woundeo, you could not be ig norant of this Fact : the nulny Bills dr awn by the respective Com - tnauders tot the Commissioners of. that lloard for Lemons issued to the Crews, afforded ample proof at. the large iise-that had been made .of this vale-. ' able 'specific, ~ml of your knowled ge o f t h at pray tice. Yet you say, " that in -the year I 60(), Com modore Lancaster-sailed from England oils the 2tl of April, with three other ships. ; They arrived in. Saldanna Bay on the Ist of August, the Commo-, tiore's crew being in perfect health from the ad-' Ministration of three table spoonfuls-of lemon-' juice every morning to each of the men i Where as, the other ships were so sickly, that they were unmanageable for want of hands, and the Com mander wOw obliged to send-men on board to take itt their sails and hoist our their boats." - • -This quotation, you say i is taken from Pv ehiti's Pilgrim, Vol. J', p.. 149. a work, I have never _sgen ; -but, as you remar)c, '' is a striking example of the difficulties, and delays, which ob struct. and. retard the progress and adoption of , practical truth.'' . , • In 'addition, Sir,. to this certain proof above mentioned of-your knowledge of my cl4im to the' introduction °title use of the Citric Acid into the Fleet, permit nie to remind you of what I never can inrgrt that when, upon my return front the Mediterranean in. 1799,-1 waited upon the Board, of w hich you was then a Member at -Srtnertet-' house,, and the Chairman (Dr. Blair) expressed his surprise to me, that so ,great an expellee ' should: have been incurred, for fruits and. vege— tables ; I replied, that without such supply; the fleet .would have been , non-etfective.' The ex , perimeut which you sate to have been so succes s fully made in 'his Majesty's ship Suffolk in 1794, in consequence of which upon the Report of the. Medical Board, the general supply, of lemons,was issued to the Navy, was nearly ten months after lemons butt ,been,prgsceibed .4y me as. Physician : • to the Fleet, and with What suctess, if other proofs 'Were wanting, -may appear front the ivilotritig . . Certificate of the venerable LtArd Hood, of whose , patronage and friendship to h ave b een th oug h t , deserving, will always be: amongst the greatest, satisfactions of Jny life " Ida lierebx certify, that in the Summ er of Ma, when his' Majesty's la leer in the Mediterranean, under my emu, matid, wax greatly attlictcd with Stitrey, Dr. John Harness, tht Physician to the Fleet, very - Strongly recommended tofpni the use of Lemon Juice as st , eure" and preventative of it ; in canse9nenca of which, .1 ordered th e r es p ect i ve s hi ps to. lie constantly &upplied with Lemons, was haPpy to find, that within six loonths, the ditorder was efrectuaily eradicated, and the crews of linglitijesty's Fleet perfectly healtliy.- to Ciro* ender toy bawl, at Path, Nuvervber 3, 1515." " HOOD." When Sir,joiii).Jervis, now Lard St. Voteent, November 179 t); socccvticd to tJie conuattitti of ti.a : Iltet, 5:n.1i;1 ; the shipis, cdrnpanies were en alilel to keep almost constantly at sea, he coin Pril'ented me by 3 11Yilig, that be considere d ! my • intrinbietion of the general and lib era l sup pl y‘o f . lntons to thecrews, as' the greatest thing eve r 1 • ilOrie for , the .presehiation ,of the health :of our seance t. • Alia it) a letter, which in Clarke's'Life at Lord NelSon, Vol. J. 'll:l,i_te. 339 . , we find ad ,l dreSsed by Lord St. Vincent to the Hon: R. Wal pole',the British Minister at Lisbon, dated 21 s t De cember, riga, be, Mentions " the British fleet having kept tlie s ea ldo ge r t h an was ever expe.. rieneed in turd Naval' history of :Europe." .I %sill mention but one testimony mo re , n ot i n - , feridr to' anv 1 liale'y_et ' brought forward. That of, Lard Nelson, Who, as appears tram Clarke's' History of his. Lire, V6l. I. page 211, writes lima . to Captain Locker:a:tied off Minorca, June 18th, 1795: " upon the while, we are. more comforta • ble`ilian the lioine'ficet ; and our people are very healthy. The scurvy i$ noe known:" And were it' nut that it migla have an air of 'vanity, I could' record what th at grea t man said to me, in th e ivarttith of his heart, apcni r this very subject,' when he took leave o f, me , on go i ng tar amidst' r time to his great command. . . 1 n „, 'fese facts, and these testimonies, are strong and cogent ; and 1 thildi it due to myself to recalf th em t o your mind, im vindicationof the state ment 1 have made in my printed Letter addressed to Lord Mehille, on the great benefits experi- cowl by his Maiesty's fleet, .from the' introdoc lion of the " Cittic Acid" by we, as a pre:mode:ace o f Scori•, I 5114 he acquitted, I trust, b`y all who know me, of any view to sordid :inverest, af• any period, or inider• any circumstance of my, lite. But I cannot be indifferent to lair fame while I live, or posthumous reputation'. • Therefore it is:. -that in thus publicly addressing you, I make my appeal to facts, which. I trust you will have the candour to acknowledge to he incontrovertible ; and that the claims which I hive made in my Pamphlet to the introditction of the fuse of '4 Ci tric Acid" into f,is Majesty Navy, having truth far its basis, stands upon a solid and sound foul). dation. am, Sir, Your, obedient, bumble Servant, JOHN tiAltNEss, M. D. . Metilea! Commissioner of his Majesty's Nary , 4 . Letter to the flight /Am: LORD llsr.vlLLe, FiTat Lord of the Admiralty, 4 1 / 4 .c. 4c. on the Use Citric Acid in the Royal Navy—By JOHN HARNESS. M. D. Medical Commissioner of his Majesty's Navy. "MY L0111),—In addressing your Lord9hip, as the. head of the department of Government to Which the . intmeili4te superintendance of every object connected . with the naval branch of the public service has been confided, I feel assured.of your attention to the following observations ; -for I'believe it will ,be generally iteltnowledged, that few objects are of fimig'mer ioterest to a maritime state than the means of preserving the health of its seamen. ~ rota the nature of their Mtn, the necessity for crowding numbers .into a confined space, and other adventitious circumstances of a sea life, are peculiarly liable to CliSta§C; and it is painful coateUlplale htp: raveges by which, at different periods of our naval history; the crews of our snips of war have been wasted, and our best planned enterprises mole of ,no avail, by this fatal and once Common cause of failure,. In the catalogue of disorders, 'by which our ships - have at times been converted into floating hospitals, none was ever more' direful in its effects, or 'more extensive in its mischief, than the scurvy. .. Wheo I. first entered the strvice, in 1776, this dreadful d:sease 'vas generally prevalent 'in or fleets, and my attention was early directed to the means of opposing its ravages with effect,. , --: 1 had the'opportuuity, about, this,time, while as sistant-surgeon lit the Naval Hospital at Antigua ) of remit klng the diseases of the iohabitants of the klamt ; and, .on applying tnyieli, Ott my re , tent to England, to the stmidy of Dr. Pi iestley's, and the Hon. Mr, Cavendish's philosophiCal expe- . riments on air, noccurred to we, that the thickeh ing (it the ligaments awl integuments of the joints of the hands and feet, symptoms almost universal amongst the European infiabitaiits of the %Vest Indies, and frequently in sit great a degree as to produce a perfect etiehilosis of those purts, were results: of a ,superoxygenated system, and-origin ated in tifieir indulgence in the use of hue or lemon juice, with which their common beverage was ever highly acidulated. Contrasting, there fore, these effects with the opposite symptoms of complabits putrescent nature, incident to seamen, I was led to the intereoce, that their diseases . were inmineed by time hmspitation of air de-. prived of its vivifying principle, the debilitating effects of which can be vouched by every 'person, who may have visited or inhabited the between decks of a m An'of war. Kvery practitioner of obi servation is aware, 4liat the blood of patients, einifined ti; the inhalation . of air deprived of its proper proportion of oxygen, is of a hark InOIIS appearance, of a tinality not posseasing'the power of linperting the tiecessaiy continuity el thee to the soft or more solid parts of our frame, conseque . utlY, incapable of affording due nutriment to the general system. Hence, with vatietiti labouring underthis , have found it necessary, in my praetice as a naval surgeon, to p e rf or m a second operation on 'their limbs; the coats of the arteries being :nearly in a gelatinous state; and incapable of 'sustaining the pressnre Of a ligature erect which, although 1 do not recollect to have seen it noticed by any author, who has written on tlie - scarvy, must doebtlese hove, frequently occurred to the observation of many mitt viii practitioners besides myself. It became a desideratam, th'ere fore) to discover the Melilla, of cominteractiog this tendency to putrescency, and tliese, from the ob• servations' before Slated, 1 had not a tlottht .tvould be foinutin time liberal use of Citric Acid. " Chi the breaking out of the late war, itt 1793, 1-accompanied my Lord Hood, fo the 4 4 1 . 11 4trraT neat), us Physician to the Fleet ; and scarceirbad our operations commenced, by the blockade of Toulon: before the scurvy made its appearance, and titreateneil, by . its rapid eirects on the crews Of uewlt.mauued fleet, tea cuturel the übabdpu: rent of this importar tHCHAItre. At this junc - • lure !had 41)e opportunity of ascertaining, , prac ticall, the ntivaint'age.'of . nay theory.- -lonians'"- were,,etti2T recpetrt, copiously i ssue d . to t i n. s hi ps ' nip coanles Of the fleet ; and th'e incipient dkease, whicliliatilicen the cense of &Om - Itch jast swarm, at once - disappeared. Th is was in the sumnur of 1743:. ~ The issue•,of lemon juice, sanctioned this 'Successful result,' hat; irOm this peririd a be come progressively general -; and, from the year 1796,...it has been regularly supplied, by the sick and wounded Board, to all 'our ships. Of this Board I Was' appointed a Commissioner in Janis- ary ISOO, and when the stiperintetidance of the Medical Department was transferred, )n January 1806, to the Transport Board, I had the horiotr to receive the appointment of Medical CommiS sioner. 'lnwards the close of alit., and early in the following year, the expedition was pi-Alining under, Lie:Kral Whitelocke, against South Anis rieir.-:.littitienced by the conviction, th a t t h e sys tem`, •tilii . Cli - tvws operating' with so much sitecess in the NaVy; - might be extended to these trovps with an etlually benefleial,restdr, I ictigge,,ted to the 06ard, of which I W H Member, that an adexpette Clai,►utity . of leinim juice and sugar should he stipplied to the traniports, tai admit of the soldiers receiving a daily allowance, chiming the long voyage on which they. were about to 'winced. .Aly suggestion was . adopted, an t :, in structions were given; that- the issue of them: titles should commence in three_ weeks Irmo the' sailing of the -transports. When the length or the voyage, and the number a me., embarked, exceeding ten thousand, ate taken into considere. tion, with the state of ahnost perfect henith which they were diseitibtirked, being uearly to man . fit fur immedlite service, the etrects of the administration of Citi'ic Add -%ill! appeity in a striking.point of view. But, perhaps, there- H oe anyone eiretintstance,'which so StlOligly, evinces the benefit of the system, as the re-appearance .31" Senryy in -the few , instaines 'in which the issue lemon juice has, from tiny cense, been omiited; "Thu;, in the year 18 . 07, when, front ail ei to. Ocons invession that, the ti , e of it tees unneces sary:where fresh meat could be obtained, souic of Majesty:s thips slid wotreceive CA; thud al lowance, the result of the otnision was, tt collapsed state of the ‘esselS, paleness of countenance, progressive ematifit;on, nra i ;,et:,.ral debility of the crens. Reectitly, too, on tile American sta. tion, the occasional want of a regul.ir supply Was at tended with equally serious consotinences : to the health of the 'fleet; until a sufdeient quantity for tbe use of the ships' comp.inius was obtained. "The gradual diininittion of disease in the Navy, as the necessary consequeuce of the use or lemon jnice;abled, unquestionably, by a getter illy improved system of treatment,. is manif este d b y a stateinent,, which now give from Official Re torus of the number of ;scamen.diseh arge d to the HospitAl at tlifiertqlt and equal periods of war, ending 1 i 3 , 170, 1805, and 1810.' " An Account shewing the Toucher of Seamen attcl Maritsa annually voted by Parliament in four distioct and equal Portions of tt ar, with the nunther sent to Hospital Ships . on the Hone Stations dating those Perio&, Period. Team No'rnier of Seamen and Marines ' Voted by Sent to. Parliatneut. Hospitals. 70,000 . '24,246 85 • 014 320111 90,000.. . so,ste 100,000 124,909 1 I V,OOO 18,677 44 1 402 t 1779 1710 First l7ll 17Si 1783 433,000 116,64 1 14 4 1794 85,000 1795 100,000 Second.... 17-96 1 10,060 1797 110,0110 1798 140,009 19,248 10,13 V) 20,544 15,718 53.5,0110 in,.444 1 in 6 ' ' 1799 120,000 1 I I ,5118 Third .... 180 181 ,51 1 8 1 sO4 100,000 ' • 1005 120,000 14,608 17,747 15,062 7,650 stoaa bia j o76 63,170 1 in 9 1906. 120,000 . . 1807 • • Iso,ooo Fourth..... 1408 180.000 . 1 809 130.000 1810 143000 P 7,60* 6,656 7,6430 7 ► 97 I 9,965 655,000 3E671;3 lin lei "The result is mostsatisfaetory, and establishes beyond a doubt, that our ships" ctittipanics Are become more healthy than the saute number o f men•would be on shore; and, indwelling on this intpatant, fact, let it be remembered, that it is evident* before the I - louse of. Commons, that, in the Seven Years War,' ending in 1762, no less, it ritimberof seamen than - 130,000 'had died of disease, and that the complaintiof two-thirds of those arose from potreseency, whereas now, the scurvy'may be said to exist only in ,the painful recollgctions of those, who were °ore witnesses of Its fatal tkvastation. It is not too. much, therefore, t o assum e, t h at; b y the introduction of a system, to which, 1 trust,- it is not presnalp y. - tion me, ro assert, I have been mainly,instru- ' mental, thOUSitiliiS of valuable lives, .and an incal culable expellee c>f - money, have . been saved to the'conntry ; and, proportion es the suc c ess, Which has made our naval power paramonnt, has lit a great measure depended on the ability ut ore fleets 'to keep Ott sea for a duration of tinw, t;:: i was heretofore considered as Impossible, the men sures by . Which this has beim rendered practicable assume a character of even higher importance, than if viewed simply with reference to the value of the lives Whieh have been saved to the State. '" I Most acknondege,, my L,om 1, that; in pres sing this slibitiet: on. your Lordship's notice, my chiefillotive has been - to make known ti:e part I have taken in,introdneing b systeto-of which Ike benefits have been so many and so important: Whether it may be thought 'inch a 3 to merit the reward of my country is not, of "course, for me to anticipitte; bat I cannot, in airy ease, hirer.) that reward, %vhich I most highly p r i ze , d m consciousness of havi ng been a chief instrument. muter Providence, of rescuing numbers of the most useful mainbers of Abe State froth :the effects of a disease, of which the ravages' were heretofore so extensively fatal. '' 1 have the honour to he, my Lord . , " Your Lordship's most obedient humbleservaut, Ii JOHN 11.111NESS, 1 1 .1, 1). 't Metlital eowsnitsbner of Dis Majrsty's Navy."