The Sun. — London, England, 1841-12-28 00:00:00

E VENIN G SUN TIME FOR A FORWARD MOVEMENT OF THE LIBERALS. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sin,—Allow me to follow up the expediency of arranging a general forward movement of the Liberals on the basis of the .Freedom of Trade, by insisting on two or three points strongly tend ing to recommend such an operation. First, That the Liberal party at large have no prospect of success bit by setting up some great and stirring object, which shall aim directly at the sources of the hostile power by which they are oppressed. The time is gone by when a Tory Niniitry could be ousted upon a point of eti quette. It must be a question of justice or no justice,—freedom or no freedom. It must be a question competent to rally one portion of the nation against the other, and give the honest men the victory. The game of the opponents is to make the war keep the war; in plainer terms, to rob in order to bribe. Like those that drain a hog, we must gu to the spring which is at the bottom. Secondly, That supposing them to have ever such good and sound ground to fight upon, there is no use in their attempting any struggle, unless they can strew up their souls to the determina tion to bid highly to the " Slave Class" for their assistance. That the slave class will not move without, may not be wise, but it is in " human 'nature." Such young politicians as they, cannot be expected to act the part of old diplomatists. All the good in the world might be ready to drop into their mouths, and they not open them unless they were to be paid for it. Do the Li berals want help or not ? If they do, they must give the popular battalion some object for march ing which it can understand, without asking whe ther there are fifty reasons why it should march without. Not one. of them but knows indivi dually and personally, that he was beaten at the • mock Election because he had not the Working Classes and the Ballot. And yet these men higgle about what they shall bid. - Lastly, to the populars. If they were old diplomatists, as they are not, they would simply ask themselves the question, whether they should be butter' for the breaking down of the Trade and Food monopolies or they should not. It is true, attempts have been made by the engines of the monopolists to persuade them they would not; just as attempts have been made to set them against the Ballot, in the full knowledge that where the people had a penny weight of influence through the open voting, the monopolists had'a hundred; which may now be reckoned among gone-by.. mummeries. - But if they should determ i n e th a t they would be better, the question instantly becomes independent of how much gratitude, how much good faith,or how much virtue of any kind, they are to find in the middle classes. Put the case that all these were absent in the highest possible degree;—that the middle classes were curious in displaying themselves in every discreditable light. Still i t wou ld b e t h e part of a child and not of a man, to take pet and quarrel with the cake that could be had, on pre tence of being afraid of being deceived in the expectation of some other. The part of wise men would be to take what can be got, whether the middle classes cheat or not; and to take as much in the way of gratitude or justice from the middle classes, as Heaven shall send besides. In fact this terror of being cheated by the middle classes, may be set down as one of the sugges tions of the enemy. Its object is to hinder us from taking what we may secure, whether the middle classes prove to be gentlemen or not. Permit me to take the opportunity of assuring the working clas3es, that nobody has a worse opinion of dependence upon other men's grati tude or virtue than myself: As a proof' of it, they may some of them remember, that after the sort of movement towards them which appeared to proceed from Manchester, I took the earliest opportunity, at Huddersfield, of saying, "Blessed are they that expect nothine-, for they shall not be disappointed!" and beggt7d, of all things, not to be considered as'among the chargeabl e F o r a n y disanpointment which ensue. But I did my best to irrpres at the same ti me , t h at t hi s was no reasin :or not walki ng in at an open door, or for refushiLr to tak e t h e good the gods provide us in, one c li rc c:ion, for fear of failur e in some other. And now, to revert to the general subject,—Look at the position of the is pitt e d Minister. H e the support of a string of the most obvious, glaring, insulting f a ll aci es by which one ma, ever • attempted to take another's money in this dubious world ;—falsehoods which com e home to every man's bread-basket and storesroom, and break in upo n every little trader's hoarded notions of prudence and integrity. How is he to get out Of the scrape ? Either he knew what he undertook to support, or he did not. If be knew, then why is he to be tolerated longer than any other man who has att em pted a pu bli c i n j ury an d failed 7 If he did not, then what claim has a man so far behind the knowledge of his age and time, to set lip for a ruler in a popular Government, though - under any imaginable quantity of apologies for his insulated ignorance? The Minister has had one five months' delay already, on the ground that he had not come to the knowledge of whether rob bing a man hurt him or not. Surely he will not have another, however when beaten he may declare himself to have gotten light during his period of incubation. There never was a better board ;if only the old Mar-ails could be pre vented from having more than a reasonable linger in the game.—Yours very sincerely, T. PERRONET THOMPSON. B lackheath, Dec. 27, 1841. UT II A ATP TO N.—The Hon. Admiral and - Mrs. Bouverie and suite arrived on Monday at the Dol phin Hotel, in this town, from visiting at Colonel Buck ley's and Mr. Compton's, in the New Forest. In the afternoon the Gallant Admiral and party went on board his yacht, and proceeded to Portsmouth, there to resume his command in the Dock-yard. Lord and Lady Palmerston are still at Broad lands, where Lord and Lady Ashley, Lord and Lady Lansdow,pe, Admiral Bowles, Colonel and Lady Cathe rine BuCkley, Mrs. L. Fox, the Hon. Sydney Herbert, J. ord Duncannon, and others from the neighbourhood, are expected.--Southampton Gazette. Upon taking the amount of the twelve months, i t appears that the depth of rain for the whole year 1840, at Aberdeen, was 24.627 inches ; Empingham, 18.58 ; Epping ; 20.767 ; Falmouth, 31,511 ; Gosport, 25,525 Greenwich, 18.24; and at the city of York, 24.72 inches; , ma ki ng the mean annual fall 23.424 i nches, or 9,813 ,h og . s h eat i g per acre, which in weight is nearly two thou sand three hundred and sixty six tons. — Moore's Alma- destruction of the last edifice some fears have been en tertained by the lovers of equestrian feats and gorgeous spectacles, that its power of reproductiveness had pe rished with the fabric ; but, thanks to the enterprise and ability of Mr. Batty, those fears turn out to be altogether groundless. Already the necessary measures are in progress for the erection of a new building on the same spot where the admirers of Billy Button and the disciples of Geoffrey Gambado were wont to assemble for so many years to learn the way " To win the world with noble horsemanship." To fill ap the dreary interval from its commencement to its completion, Mr. Batty, with creditable zeal and in genuity, has converted the area and appurtenances of the National Baths in the Westminster-road into a tem porary, but at the same time capacious and elegant theatre, wherein the same exhibitions which made Ast ley popular and Ducrow famous are successfully re enacted. The adaptation of these premises to the pur pose has been successful ; nor is it unclassical, for baths made a part of the ancient gymnasia, and were frequented more for pleasure than for health. There is a spacious gallery here, which last night contained upwards of 1,200 gods, the celestials, by this superior accommo dation, having a decided majority. The boxes are nu merous and comfortable, and have a commanding view of the riding circle ; the pit possesses almost equal ad • vantages. Altogether it is really an agreeable structure, being well ventilated and tastefully decorated, and, as one of the clowns very properly observed to the riding master, like a punch-bowl, because it looks best when full. The performances last night were multifarious. First, there was the phenomenon rider, the volant Mr. T. Lee, who while riding one or more fiery steeds, made " ex traordinary and wonderful leaps," as the play-bill says, round the arena, and whose sinewy and symmetrical form, and untiring activity, drew forth the admiration of the audience. Next came " Herr Ludovic's celebrated extravaganza of Jim Crow and his Granny," in which the old trick of carrying " two faces under one hat" is ludicrously exemplified. Mr. W. Walker followed with " his wonderful feats on the flying rope and his celebrated tourbiltions," in which he proved himself to be anything but a walker. Ile was speedily displaced by "M. Leo nard, the great French rider, on two fleet steeds," who was miraculously adventurous. A group of ponies was then introduced, and delighted the spectators with a va riety of amusing and sagacious tricks; they fought, they leaped over poles, and through hoops, they sat down and stood up at command, they wore cocked hats and cloaks, lace caps and mantles, and supped with the clowns on oaten pies, sitting at the table with all proper decorum ; they fetched and carried, they played at leap-frog, they marched, they danced, they walked on their hind legs, they bowed, and they went down on th.ir knees, for here that was an accomplishment, and not a detriment to any nag. A company of vaulters, each having two legs fewer than their fellow-performers, next performed some daring leaps and threw somersets ad infinitum, backwards or forwards in rapid succession. After all this; a little pathetic exhibition was made by Miss C. O'Donnell, in the character of Agnes de Ito salvi, or the •Betrothed One. A series of gymnastic and equestrian exhibitions, with anew piece called The Wan derers of Thonur and of the Sifans, wound up the enter tainments of the evening, which were interspersed with the witticisms and waggeries of two very clever clowns, one of whom is a good punster, and the other a supple posture-master, and a capital musician on—the penny trumpet. NEW HISTORICAL ROMANCE. Just ready, in 3 vols., post Bvo., ANNE BOLEYN. AN HISTORICAL ROMANCE. By MRS! A. T. THOMSON. Author of " Constance," &c. Henry Colburn, Publisher .13 ,Great Marlborough-street, ; , New ready, in 2 vols. small Bve., with Portraits of Admiral Stopford, Commodore Napier, and other Illustrations. price 21s. bound, NARRATIVE OF THE LATE LiXPEDITION TO SYRIA. By W. P. HUNTER, Esq. " A most valuable and interesting narrative of the events of the late campaign in Syria."—Chronicle. Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street. MRS. GORE'S NEW NOVEL. Now ready at all the Libraries, in 3 vols. post Bvo., THE MAN OF FORTUNE By MRS. GORE, Authoress of "Mothers and Daughters," "Mrs. Army tage,' " The Peeress," &c. Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street. WITH SEVENTEEN ILLUSTRATIONS by GEORGE CRUIKSHANK, LEECH, CROWQUILL, and CRUIK SHANK the YOUNGER. THE FIRST NUMBER FOR THE NEW YEAR, PRICE HALF-A-CROWN, OF B ENTLE Y' S MISCELLANY. Contents : TH E MISTLETOE. A Dithyramb. By FATHER PROUT. RICHARD SAVAGE, A Romance of Real Life. By CHARLES WHITEHEAD. ILLUSTRATED by LEECH. The Razed House : Wander- Dick Defter. By Paul Pin ings of a Painter in Italy. dar. Illustrated by George With an Illustration, from a Cruikshank. Design by V. P. Rippingille, Welsh Rabbits. ByDr.Alaginn. Esq. Stanley Thorn. The Arrest— Cupid in London. By R. More. The Proposal—The Duel, Endymion. By W. H. Long- and the Result. fel:ow. Comicalities of the Feelings. A Night in Calcutta. By H. R. By the Author of " The Co- Addison. mic English Grammar." 11- French Cookery. With Illus- lustrated by Leech. trations. The Philosophy of Smoking. Save me from my Friends ! In twelve volumes of Smoke. By George Raymond. With Illustrations from Draw- The Country Squire. By Grig. ings by Alfred Crowquill, A Kiss. From Lessing. engraved by Cruikshank the My First Morning in Calcutta. Younger. By H. R. Addison. Raising the Devil : a Legend To a Butterfly. From Herder. of Albertus Magnus. By The Poet at Home. By Old Thomas Ingoldsby, Esq Scratch. N.B. Mr. Ainsworth is no ley's Miscellany." Richard Bentley, Ne longer connected with " Beni m Burlington-street. HIS MAJESTY the EMPEROR of AUSTRIA, His MAJESTY the EMPEROR of RUSSIA, His MAJESTY the KING of PRUSSIA, having AUTHORISED and GUARANTEED several DIS TRIBUTIONS of MONEY DIVIDENDS, which (though they are NO LOTTERIES) offer many possibilities of obtain "ng LARGE FORTUNES, HEINE BROTHERS, at HAMBURGH and at LUBECK, ,re now SELLING ORIGINAL BONDS for the said DIS FRIBU TIONS. Persons desirous to purchase for the Next Distributips may receive, PREVIOUS to giving any orders, the PIM SPECTUS and PARTICULARS, upon addressing a line to HEINE BROTHERS. The NEXT AUSTRIAN DISTRIBUTION contains D . VIDENDS of aE25,000 £6OO 5,000 400 1,500 200 1,000 150 800 120 HEINE BROTHERS having remitted during a short time 25,0001., 18,000 L, 9,000/, 5,0001., 3,600/., &c. &c. &e., to London ; 3,600/., 800 L, and 7001., to Edinburgh ; 3,6001. to Dublin; 3,600/. to Beverley; 3,6001. to Halifax (Yorkshire); 1,2001. to Portleaven Harbour ; 9001., 7001. and 6001. to Li verpool; 9001. to Newcastle-upon-Tyne ; 900/. to Hull ; 9001. and 6001. to Manchester ; 7001. to East Retford (Not tinghamshire); 6001. to Bideford ; 600/. to Cork ; 600/. to Bradford ; they shall feel glad to remit many Dividends of the next Distribution to England, Ireland, and Scotland. Direct for Prospectus and Particulars, without delay, either to HEINE BROTHERS, at HAMBURGH, or to HEINE BROTHERS, at LUBECK. £llO £7O 100 60 90 50 80 Sterling, THEATRE ROYAL, DRURY-LANE. THIS EVENING, DEC. 28, When Her Majesty's Servants will perform the Comedy of EVERY ONE HAS HIS FAULT.—Lord Norland, Mr. Phelps ; Harmony, Mr. Macready ; Mr. Placid, Mr. Keeley ; Edward, Miss Vining ; Lady Eleanor Irwin, Mrs. Warner ; Mrs. Placid, Mrs. Keeley. After which will be repeated the New Christmas Pantomime, called HARLEQUIN AND DUKE HUMPHREY'S DIN NER ; OR, JACK CADE, THE LORD OF LONDON STONE. Doors to be opened at Half past Six, and the Performance to begin at Seven o'clock. Boxes 55., Second Price, 2s. 6d. Pit 35., Second Price 2s. Lower Gallery Is. 6d., Second Pr.ce Is. Upper Gallery Is., Second Price 6d. THEATRE ROYAL, COVENT-GARDEN. UNDER the MANAGEMENT of MADAME VESTRIS THIS EVENING, DEC. 28, Will be repeated Bellini's Opera of NORMA.—Pollio, Mr. W. Harrison ; Flavins, Mr. Clement White, Oroveso, Mr. Leffler ; Adalgisa, Miss Rainforth ; Clotilda, Miss Grant ; and Norma by Miss Adelaida Kemble. After which will be repeated the New Grand Christmas Pantomime, entitled GUY EARL OF . WARWICK ; OR, HARLEQUIN AND THE DUN COW. Doors to be opened at half-past Sit—the performances to commence at Seven. Dress Boxes, 7s. ; Second Price, 3s. 6d.; First and Second Circles, ss. ; Second Price, 2s. 6d. ; Pit, 35.; Second Price. 25. • Gallery, Is. Tickets and pl aces f or th e Boxes to be taken Of Mr. Grogan, at the Box-office, from Ten till Four, where Season Tickets may be had open application. Private Boxes to be had solely of Mr. Andrews, bookseller, 167. New Bond-street. To-morrow, Charles the Twelfth, with Free and Easy, and Guy Earl of Warwick ; or, Harlequin and the Den Cow. ROYAL SURREY THEATRE. UNDER THE MANAGEMENT OF MR. DAVIDGE AND MR. WILLIS JONES. The most extensive Christmas Novelties ever produced. All the talent of London. Grandeur and expence unequalled. All New. THIS EVENING, DEC. 28. Will be acted a New Domestic Drama, entitled MADAME LAFFARGE, from Memoirs written by Herself. To conclude with a Grand Christmas Pantomime, entitled HARLEQUIN AND THE ICE QUEEN; OR, JACK FROST AND KING SHAM.—With gorgeous and charac teristic Scenery, splendid Properties, ludicrous and Quaint Dresses, ingenious Tricks, magnificent Panorama by Brun ning, &c. Harlequin, M. Huline; Patch, M. Rochet ; Pan taloon, M. Lehman ; Flip, Signor Feliz Carlo ; Clown, Mr. Buckingham ; Columbine, Miss Sharpe. ROYAL VICTORIA THEATRE. UNDER THE DIRECTION OF MR. OSBALDISTON. Splendour—Novelty —Attraction and Interest ! Undoubted ! Unequalled ! Unprecedented; THIS EVENING, DEC. 28, Will be acted, SUSAN HOPLEY • or, THE TRIALS AND VICISSITUDES OF A SERVANT GlRL—Wil liam Dean, Mr. E. F. Saville; Dicky Dean, Mr. Paul; Susan llopley, Miss Vincent (tke acknowledged Heroine of Domestic Tragedy). After which, ROBERT MACAIRE.—Robert Macaire, Mr. E. F. Saville ; Jacques Strop, Mr. Gardner. To conclude with a New Grand Romantic Aerial Comic Pan tomime, entitled HARLEQUIN PETER WILKINS ; OR, THE KING OF THE AIR AND THE FLYING IN DIANS.—With new and extensive Scenery, Dresses, Decora tions, Tricks, Transformations, and Effects—A new Nautical Panorama, to be entitled " Our Native Sea-girt Isle !" con sisting of Maritime Views along the Coast of England. Also, a new Grand Dissolving Diorama, by Childe, the Great Illu sionist ' • and the Openi ng o f th e P antom i me supported by the Comic Talent of this—the Popular Theatre of London. Boxes, 28.—Pit, Is.— Gallery , 6d.—Half-price to the Boxes only, at Half-past Eight. THE WEATHER.—NOON, DECEMBER 28. ROYAL GALLERY OF SCIENCE, ADELAIDE-STREET. Thermometer... 40) Highest 4O 1 Lowest . 29 Barometer 29.92.—Wind W.—Freezing Point :32 Deg. I-I MIL WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE TO-MORRO W Morning .....13 minutes after 2. Evening minutes after 2. , • ~,,, ,-7 , ....., 44 ‘ Ny'l,'. 4 . 3,,, 1, r '. Sl' A'' ,), . 'i :14.. 111' ''...., 0 --- T,' 4_ f , ''''.' '6. • ' - 6 , i Zite LONDON: TUESDAY, DECEMBER 28, 1841. ...__.,,,,....___ THE PRESIDENI"S openi ng M ESSAGE• the P RESIDENT o f t h e The Annual Messa ge of . of the ordinary U n it e d States at the Session of Congress, will be found in another part of The Sun. It contains matter of the ut most importance to all classes of readers in this country—legal, monetary, and commercial. We have given a full report of the Coroner's inquest op. the bodies of the unfortunate persons killed o.i the Great Western Railroad on Pridav morning; and, on looking at the evidence, se regret to say that we can see no reason for alter ing our opinion as to the cause of this lamentable event. Mr. BRUNEL was examined on two points--the slips of earth on the line, and the system adopted by the Company of placing the passenger-trucks next to the tender. His evi dence, however, only confirms the impres sion made on the public mi n d by the firet account of the accident. He admits that he had observed slips on that part of the line, and had given directions to drain them well, and possibly they were drained well but still two or three witnesses state that they saw bulges some days previous on the very spot where the earth fell. Other witnesses stated a fact which no doubt justified the Jury in returning• a verdict of 1,0001. deodand. THE SUN, LONDON TUESDAY, DECEMBER 28, 1841. Though it was known that the line in that quarter was in a dangerous state, it was with out watchmen from seven at night till six in, thel morning. What is the use of watchmen, if they are not on duty at all times when the trains run? But Mr. BRUNEL'S evidence, and that 'of 'Mr. SAUNDERS, proved something more they delibe rately stated that it was absolutely impossible to prevent a quick train running into a slow one. Are the lives of passengers then to be sacrificed because the Company will not make proper ar rangements? They know the minute at which every train starts, they know the speed, and if one runs upon the other, they must take the con sequences. We have no hesitation in saying that any person who suffers injury by one train running upon another,Tis entitled to ample da mages. The public know nothing about the arrangements. They trust implicitly to Railway Companies, and these Companies must 'be an- swerable. It is painful to make these remarks on the management of a railroad, which, with out exception, is the first in the world; but when we reflect on this awful calamity, and the gross negligence which has been proved, we consider that we perform only a public duty in exposing the whole facts to the impartial judg ment of our fellow-citizens. The fleeting of Parliament approaches, and the nation is as totally ignorant of what is to be proposed and enacted as if it had no concern in the matter. It seems part of the Tory policy to treat the public with contempt, and compel them to abstain from interfering with State affairs. The hosiers of Nottingham and the spinners of Manchester have indeed been unceremoniously told by the Tory Journals to attend to their spin ning and weaving, and leave legislation to those who have a divine commission to make laws. The public is to be practically taught that the laws are made, as is sometimes said, exclusively for the benefit of the law-makers, and the people are expected quietly to obey whatever new rules of conduct the Tory majority in Par liament may please to lay down. But such is not the way in which the Government of this country can now be safely conducted, and there is one point especially on which it cannot be successful. The revenue is deficient, the country is in arrears, the expenditure exceeds the income; how comes it that on the all important topic of taxation, the Tory Journals and Tory speakers preserve a death-like silence ? Whatever may be prescribed to them, the public looks with anxiety to the Tory projects for raising the revenue up to the expenditure, which induces us to throw out some suggestions on the subject. If there were the slightest probability that the Parliament would act on principles, we should immediately proceed to discuss the reasonable ness of levying the whole sum of taxation neces sary by ONE direct tax. We should propose to abolish all customs and excise duties, most of which, like the spiteful duties on French brandy, or like the canting 'duties on English gin, are ordained for some other purpose, and from an improper motive, than raising a revenue. One direct tax, proportionate to the expenditure of individuals, yielding sufficient to supply the wants of the State, on account of its fairness, its cheapness, and on account of its leaving every branch of industry entirely free and uninfluenced, is the beau ideal of taxation; but there is no more chance that any scheme so simple, so advantageous, and so just, will be adopted, than there is that the priesthood will voluntarily give up its endowments, or the landowners their estates. A thorough revision and reform of the sr - item of taxation on general principles, is not to be hoped for, and it is therefore utterly useless to discuss such a project. At the same time, as the Tories would soon give up the reins if they could not get well paid for holding them, we may be sure that they will endeavour to force on the people some measure for increasing the revenue. It is a cardinal principle of taxation that it should be altered, except to be reduced, as little as possi ble- Trade and industry accommodate themselves to fiscal regulations however absurd, and all cha nges are more certain to derange the settled habits of trade than augment the revenue. It is clear, however, from the unsuccessful experiment ofMx. BARING, that the rate of taxation, preserving the same taxes, cannot be increased. In time of peace, a system of borrowing to pay the ordinary expenses of the State is not to be tolerated. In fact, it is reprehensible in war and ruinous in peace. It seems to us, therefore, that the Tories have no alternative, but to propose some new tax or to xes. To obtain freedom for trade, and an impr ovement of the national resources by that mewls, is the principle on which parties are now ranged in hostility; and as the majority in Parliament is against free trade, there is no hope of arty sudden increase in the resources of the country, and no means of equalising the revenue and the expenditure but by increased taxation. For that the people must be prepared. If the Tories, under these circumstances, will not t ell the public what they mean to do, it will be proper in the public to tell the Tories what it wishi ts. The industrious classes cannot possibly contraute more to the State than at present. They are as dry as a squeezed sponge. Manufac tures tind trade are declining under their present burdi .tus. Shopkeepers are shutting up, fn nn want cf custom, and insolvency. The servants; of the S.t.ite will not forego their wages, and we think- - they ought not to be exclusively taxed. We see utki other resource than an exclusive tax on the ix pulent classes. The great objection to the house .tax, and the source of its unpopularity, was its unfairness ; but the same objections would: not apply to a tax on private dwel ling-h Louses as long as they are inhabited, not used for shops or places of business, ex cludii ty; all below a certain size or value, and incree (sing the rate in proportion as the hon se incree sed in size or value. The tax might beg in with lio uses of which the rent might be 601. or 801., and, as it ascended in the scale, such princely mansions as Chatsworth or Alnwick Castle, - with their spacious parks and gardet is, might be rated at 5,0001. or 10,0001. a year. Suich a sum would not bear a greater proportion (o: ne eightiet h or one-fortieth part) to the incomes of the Du, Ice of DEVONSHIRE or the Duke of NORTHL raiBERLAND, than the old house-nix bore to t :he incomes of the common people, and could no t, therefore, be very unjust. Such ais .x levied of i all the mansions of the rich and great, and on their mansions only, would replenith the Ex•zh equer, without inflicting any injury on industry. Our gre at magnates enjoy all the advantages of the Cct nstitution it is made for them, and they would be willing, we are sure, to pay hand somely ) preserve it. At present it is seriously threaten( and must be preserved, if at all, at their cost » They will not allow the nation. to have free trade, which is on this account unable :o pay a El the expenses of the State, and it is just, then :fore, that those who are enriched by the State should bear its burdens. If we are to have incr eased taxation, and the silence of -the Tories is ominous, let the people be prepared to demand- —3 vhether by the project we have sug gested, or a ny other—that it be levied exclusively on the opu?,ient. We see 'with great pleasure that Ireland, under the ticrispices of Mr. O'CoNNELL, is making a forward movement against the Corn-laws; and. we fe, .t 1 more surprise at its having been so long del eyed, than at its now taking place. No class of 7 men are more injured by those laws than the C atholic population of Ireland, who are now shot h a ck in shoals on their country, and no persons ar e supposed to derive so much benefit from the 1 tws as the owners of the Protestant soil of Ire L an d. Mr. O'CONNELL seemed quite in his elern ent, when he introduced the subject to the me( i 1 .ing held on the 24th, and expressed his cordial .;ipprobation of the repeal of the Cor n laws. Re ;s olutions declaring that it is expedient that all I reland should petition for the total and immediat ,e repeal were agreed to, and will no doubt be ; zealously followed up. Nor can - we fail to gi Fe urineed raise to Mr. G. THOMP SON, ana r tir. BRIGHT, of Rochdale, whose mi s ittnk tck puWin ;vas instrumental in bringing A 4 . out - tne pleasin g 'result. - ' - The Paris PaperS: 6f Sunday have all been re ceived.' They contain no news of the slightest European interest. Though the Chambers were, to be opened on Monday, the circumstance at tracted no attention, nor was the expected Speech . from the Throne the object of .a single important conjecture, The Government' is supposed to have gained a great accession of strength in the Chambers by the con viction of DUPOTY, which having .produced •no outbreak, is regarded .as equivalent to a complete victory over the Press of France. To the credit of M. TRIERS it must be said that he did all in his power to . procure DUPOTY'S' acquittal, and that nearly the whole of the minority consisted of his personal friends. QUENISSET'S life is to be spared as a reward for exertions in the conviction of his less guilty accomplices. COLOMBIER and BRASSIER alias JUST, will suffer death. On Saturday, at two in the morning, the condemned Jarrasse, Pelet, Dufour, Boggio, Mallet, Launois, Du poty and Bazin, were taken from the Luxembourg to be transferred, some to Mont St. Michel, the others, amongst them Dupoty, to Doullens. Boucheron still remains at the Luxembourg. The advocates of the three condemned to death were permitted to see them. They had all on the strait waistcoat, Quenisset and Colombier were calm. Brazier, uffected by the thoughts of his mother, prayed his ad vocate, M. Blot Seguenne, to try to console her. He is now more calm. Abbe Grivel visited the condemned. The Commerce announces that the Pilote du Calvados and the Haro de Caen are to be prosecuted for giving an account of the secret deliberations of the Court of Peers. The Marquis of Lavalette, Secretary of the Neapo litan embassy, arrived on the 21st at Marseilles, and embarked in the Sesostris, Levant steamer, to land at Naples with despatches. Accounts from Algiers of the 15th reached Toulon on the 20th. Rear-Admiral Rigodet and M. de Rumigny have arrived. The latter replaces ad interim General Bugeaud. The system developed by Count Pellet's Bill, in the Council of Agriculture and Commerce, relative to sugars, received unanimous support. It consisted of equalizing the duty on both sugars within a period of five years, re ducing the tax on colonial sugar 3f. each year, and aug menting that on beet-root sugar lf. each year, so that at the' end of five years the duty on both would be 30f.— Pressc. We find the following article in the Petits de Calcades (Caen), of December 23 :- " Just as our paper is going to press we learn that we are summoned to appear before the Court of Correc tional Police on the 31st of December, to answer for a violation of the laws of September in articles of our cor respondence of the 17th, which are accused for the ac count given of the deliberation of the Court of Peers." The Augsburg Gazette announces that the Journal des Debats has just been prohibited at Rome. What a com fort to the Gazette! - - The Ecla i reur de la ffliditerranee of the 21st inst, writes : " At this moment there is great activity in the con veyance of troops from Toulon to Algeira. We learn that several steam-boats are preparing for the purpose." The 10th Regiment of Light Infantry will be em barked for Africa on Tuesday next. Besides the sending of the regiments to Algeira, it is observed that those which were to return to France, are making no prepara tions to leave Africa. Hence it is naturally inferred that the army in Africa is going to be augmented, according to the wishes said to have been expressed by the Gover nor-General. This measure was rendered necessary for the execution of the system adopted by General Bugeaud. —Constitutionnel. TOULON, DEC. 21.—The Marango (of the line) which left Algeira on the 15th, anchored in our road on the 20th. When it left that city the Meteor had just arrived there with General de Rumigny and Rear-Admiral Ri jodit. We have not yet been able to learn what effect was produced on the minds of the army and the colonists by the provisional or definitive removal of Gen. Bur geand. The Maraggo, has brought no letters.—Le Commerce. Some of the London Aldermen boast of the City sobriety at this season, and attribute it to the New Police Act, and the vigilance of Com missioner Harvey. Had they attributed the cir cumstance to Fathet Mathew, or Father Pusey, or Sir Andrew Agaw, or want of money, they might have obtained some credit; but what be comes of their conclusion, when it is known that at the West-end, and even within the City boundary, no such sobriety was observed ? At Clerkenwell Police-court the number of drunken charges was very great ; and at Queen-square the police-sheet yesterday presented " a long list of drunk and disorderly charges." MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS. CITY, TWELVE O'CLOCK. LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET, DEC. 27.—We have had an active business doing in the Cotton Market to day, the sales amounting to 6,500 bales nearly, including 1,200 Surats, 31d. to 4d. Speculators have taken 1,400 American. In exports nothing doing. LIVERPOOL SHARE MARKET, DEC. 27. Great Western, 85; New 59i ; L on d on an d Bi rm i ng h am Quar ter Shares, 254; Ditto, 321., 56; New ditto, 27i; London and Brighton, 384. MANCHESTER STOCK EXCHANGE, DEC. 27.—We have no material alteration to report in our Share Market to-day. Lancaster and Preston, Three-quarter Shares, 16i ; Manchester and Leeds, Quarter Shares, 31. 16s. ; Edinburgh and Glasgow, 431 44 ; Manchester and Leeds, 65 67 ; Manchester and Birmingham, 27i 28. By the arrival of the London packet-ship Ontario, at Portsmouth, from New York, papers to the 4th inst., have been received at the North and South American Coffee- house. The packet-ship Montreal, had arrived at New York, after a quick passage of twenty-seven days. The New York papers do not contain any political news of the least interest ; all parties were anxiously waiting for the President's Message. The following is the state of the Money Market. The sales at the Stock Board to-day were to a fair extent, but prices did not vary materially. Delaware and Hudson improved l l, Stonington I, Paterson 1-, Mohawk 1, Bank of America Long Island declined 4, Illinois Sixes per cent., Indiana fives 1 1 , Sale of Bills on Philadelphia 5 to 51, Baltimore 4, Mobile 10, New Orleans, 6 to 6i. Another sale of State credit was made to-day at auction, being 100,000 dollars six per cent. stock, nomi nally at par. The actual price was much less than that. The state of things in regard to uncurrent money remains much the same. All the bills are bought with caution, and those of the Bank of Watertown, at Water town have been thrown out. "I 411 71 • " , v A IN Mil :17.2. L - 11 ti D iptttatr 4E3pititott. " Who runs may read." ronmaGN. Two of the three prisoners condemned to death by the French Court of Peers, will, our Paris Correspondent says, be guillotined. Quenisset, the guiltiest of them all, is to have his life for betraying his accomplices. His Holiness the Pope has prohibited the circulation of the . Journal 'des _Debate in the Papal States. This comes of writing saucy letters to such Venerable PrelateS as the Bishop of Chartres instead . of humbly bending "to receive in silence episcopal correction. The Church is always insulted when men attempt to reason with their pastors. And yet we would Let our inkstand against a crozier that the Debuts in the long run will be more than a match for the Bishop and the Sovereign Pontiff.--From Madrid we have accounts of the 10th inst. Up to the afternoon of that day, the dispute between M. ; de Salvandy, the French Am bassador,rand the Cabinet, as to the presentation of his Excellency's credentials, had not been arranged. M. de Salvandy claims to deliver them to the Queen in person in a private audience, and the Ministry insist that as her Majesty is a minor that they must be presented to the Regent as the Sovereign de facto. M. de Salvandy menaced to demand his passports, and the reply of Senor Gonzales was, that his Excellency might have them if he thought proper. In a Madrid letter of the same date we find the fol lowing :—" Two thousand four hundred and fifty-three butts of sherry wine were exported from Xerez and Port St. Mary's during the last month of November, and this month's export is expected to be larger ; but the grand aim of the shippers should be to send none but good wines, for the purpose of keeping up their reputation; instead of some of the trash, miscalled sherry, which has been sent to England of late years. PUBLIC OPINION. The object of the principal leading article in the He rald is to show that the recent conviction of M. Dupoty by the Chamber of Peers, must hereafter constitute an event in the history of France ; inasmuch as it proves that our neighbours have now, despite the revolution of July, " a law of constructive treason in operation." The Herald then goes on to ask, " shat have the French gained by that revolution ?" and adds, " a Government sufficiently strong to protect the nation against anarchi cal principles, in which Government alone there is safety for France, tranquillity for Europe." The Times has au article on the subject of Mr. Cob den's project of a land-tax, the object of which is to prove that the whole of his theory about an original title in the Crown or the State to " certain services or pay ments in kind out of the land, and a subsequent reserva tion of a rent-charge in exchange for those services or payments," is not merely unsustained, but absolutely contradicted by facts. The Advertiser observes, in the course of a leading article speculating on what may, or may not, be expected from Sir Robert Peel, "we know not what he will do ; but we are quite certain that he has prepared the public mind for no great changes on any question; but on the contrary, everything indicates his intention, as much as he can, to avoid all alterations and reforms." The Post affects to reply to some observations that ap peared in yesterday's Chronicle on the subject of the present dull and disconsolate aspect of the Tory party ; and, without denying the fact, simply contents itself with taunting the Whigs with their " bitter abusiveness," which, in the Post's opinion, " indicates a most morose condition of mind, and a very disturbed state of the bodily juices." The Chronicle contains some comments on a remark made by the late celebrated Mr. Ricardo, to the effect that country gentlemen have not only a temporary, but a permanent, interest in prohibitions of the importation of corn ; and adds, " when we shall have arrived at a state of things in which the pinching bellies of the la bourers will so much increase mortality as to make the deaths equal to the births, Britain will be the Duke of Wellington's paradise." THE FUNDS. Consols opened at 89 ; Three per Cent. Reduced 89k; Three-and-a-Half, 98i 99. Exchequer bills, 1 ls. 13s. prem. Spanish Active Stock 24* 4; Passive, 5 Deferred, 12* ; Portuguese Five per Cents. 324 331 ; ditto Threes 194 20. Very little business doing. PRICES OF SHARES THIS DAY AT ONE. RAILWAYS. Paid. Per Share. Eastern Counties London and Brighton 5O ..... 38i to 39i 39 Northern and Eastern HALF-PAST ONE. The English Securities have improved - since the open ing. Consols are now 891 ; Three per Cents. Reduced, 89k; Three-and-a-Half do., 99; Exchequer Bills, 13s 14s pr emium. Very littledoing in the Foreign Market; the following are the only quotations :—Danish Bonds, 81 ; Portuguese Three per Cents., 19i ; Spanish Active, 241 R ; Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents. 52k. There are only three quotations in the Share Market to report :—London and Brighton ; 39 ; Northern and Eastern, 29 ; Eastern Counties, 81. HALF•PAST TWO. Consols, for the Account, 88i 89 ; Mexican, 261 ; Spanish, 23. 24. QUARTER TO THREE. In the Canadian accounts this morning we have a statement of the trade of Kingston, in reference to Ame rican produce, from which it appears that from January to October there were received 108,729 bushels of Wheat, 39,289 bushels of Corn, 21,512 barrels of Pork, 543 bar rels of Beef, 133,169 barrels of Flour, and 5,023 bar re.s of Salt. May seems to have been the chief month fu- business. There is no feature in the Money Market just now. LLO YD'S SHIPPING-(THIS DAY.) LONDON, DEC. 28.—Wind this day at noon S.W. CHATHAM, DEC. 27.—Arrd. Calcutta, Napier, Quebec. RAMSGATE, DEC. 27.—Sld. Richard Mount, Launces ton ; Agenoria, Algoa Bay; Romulus, Malta. OFF THE ALLOPER, DEC. 24.—Arrd. Ida, Ham burgh, for Pernambuco. DEAL, DEC. 27.—Wind W.N.W.—Arrd. Hannah, Bailey, Mauritius. Arrd. from the River, Oromocto, Havannah. The Caesar, of Jersey, in leaving Rainsgate, got ashore on the Main, but is expected off without damage. LIVERPOOL, DEC. 27.—Arrd. Arab, Laguna; James Duncan, Odessa ; Saunder, ditto, and not Smyrna as re ported nario , rived off il a h am i a, C a l cutta. G er many, Chevar, New Orleans, sailed 22d ult. Arrived PORTSMOUTH, DEC. 9 7.—Wind, N.N.E. to N.—Arrd. Bradish, New York, sailed 4th inst. POOLE, DEC. 26.—Arrd. Telemachus and Jessie, New foundland. DARTMOUTH, DEC. 26.—Arrived, Mary Shields, for Mauritius. Arrd. off; Dartmouth, Terceira. PLY3IOUTII, DEC. 9 7.—Wind N.—Sailed Tomatin, Syd ney and New Zealand. FALMOUTH, DEC. 26.—Wind N., fresh breezes.—Arrd. Star, packet, Tampico, sailed 7th ult., Vera Cruz. 6th, liavannah 26th, with 150,000 dollars on - freight ; Nep tune steamer, Southampton fur Vigo. CORK, DEC. 2 5.—Sld. Harmony, Jamaica. WARK WORTH, DEC. 26.—The Commerce, from London to Berwick, got as h ore on Bulmer R oc k s yester d ay morn ing, but was assisted off the following tide leaky. SCARBOROUGH, DEC. 27.—The Fancy, Noble, of and from Sunderland, sprung a leak last night off Whitby, and sank ; crew saved. HULL, DEC. 27.—Wind N.W., 4 P.M., S.W.—Sld. Humber, Boston, United States. The General Steam Navigation Companys vessel the Ocean, Fife, from Rotterdam, arrived off the Custom-house on Sunday with the Dutch Mail, rIONEY-TILADE-COMMERCE. Waddesden, and its adjoining parish Wotton, of which the Dukes of Marlborough and Buckingham are the chief landlords, are in a deplorable state at present, and the most able-bodied agricultural labourers arc unable to ob tain work. COMMERCIAL REFORM. The following plan of " Bread-Tax Receipts "is now pursued by the Anti Corn-law Association :—By an ar rangement with a baker, the party who receives a bread tax ticket from the Association is to receive the 41b. loaf, (price 8/d. for 5d.), the effect of which is to show the people the amount for which they would obtain the 41b. loaf at all times but for the landlord's tax. AGRICULTURAL. Whortle-berries are now extensively cultivated by a company in Russia, for the manufacture of wine and brandy. The agricultural dinner to the Duke of Buckingham, at which his Grace will make his annual pro-Corn-law speech to the farmers of Bucks, is to be given on the 11th of February. MAW AND :POLICE, Mary Ann Gifford was finally examined at Worship street charged with committing various robberies in dwelling-houses, into which she gained admittance under the pretence of seeking a situation. Not less than twenty cases were brought forward against her, but the Magis trate was satisfied with taking proof on nine only, and fully committed her for trial. Her husband, described as a journeyman cabinet-maker, was also committed for feloniously receiving a portion of the booty. At Marylebone, yesterday, James Galley, coachman to Mr. Ducas, solicitor, Regent's -park, was committed to take his trial for robbing his master of two ten pound notes and some sovereigns, in the month of August last. He absconded at the time, and had not been heard of till Saturday last, when he was arrested at Taunton. - Mr. Rose, solicitor, residing at 17, Great Prescott• street, gave information at Lambeth-street yesterday that he had been robbed of 301. in the course of the morning in one of the Mile• end omnibuses, and that the robber, a well-dressed man who sat next to him, had escaped before he missed the money. Upon this Mr. Henry, the Magistrate, said that strong suspicions ex isted that the conductors of certain omnibuses were in league with thieves, and shared in the plunder. It appears also that these worthies, as well as cabmen, are in the daily practice of paying away bad money in giving change, and that steps will be taken by the officers of the Mint to bring them to justice. PXNE ARTS. Mr. Weekes is said to have been selected by the East India Company to execute the statue df the Marquis of Wellesley, voted by their Court some time since to be placed in their Court-room. LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC. 14,763 persons visited the British Museum yesterday, being a much larger number than on any "boxing-day" that has preceded it. 3,500 visitors attended the exhibition at the Polytech nic Institution yesterday, and the dissolving views had to be repeated several ,times. TREATZICA.L. We are sorry to hear that Mr. Sheridan Knowles is so indisposed as to be unable to give his lecture on the drama at the Westminster Institution, advertised for Thursday next. We understand that Mr. Balfe's opera of Elfrida will be represented in the course of the season at the Italian Opera. COURT-I A.SHIONAIiLE. His Royal Highness the Duke of Sussex and the Duchess of Inverness arrived at Woburn Abbey on Friday. The Members of the Worcester Hunt are about to give a grand ball, in celebration of the christening of the Prince of Wales. The Earl of Wilton arrived in town, yesterday even ing, from Strathfieldsaye, where the Countess still re mains. The Marquis and Marchioness of Douro are also visiting the Duke of Wellington. The Marquis of Conyngham, accompanied by Lord Mountcharles, has arrived at Slane's Castle, Ireland. Lord Walsingham has gone to Paris for the winter. The Duchess of Buckingham has a splendid ball on. Thursday week at Stowe, in honour of the birth of the Prince of Wales. RUIVZOITILS OF THE DAY. It is reported that Sir C. Wetherell, the Learned Re corder of Bristol, is about to resign that office. THE MARKETS.-(T HIS DAY). COLONIAL MARKET. There was little done, but prices were sustained. The imports were fair. TEA MARKET. The operations in Free Trade Tea were few, and the public sales went heavily, but prices were supported. Common Congou Is, 9d. cash. TALLOW MARKET. A good demand, and prices firm at 473; 6d on the spot, and 49s for delivery next year. OIL MARKET. A fair business done and prices were firm. Cod Oi 311., and Linseed Oil 365. 3d. WIIITECH.AfiEI. HAY MARKET. The supply was plentiful. The trade but middling prices without alteration. Clover, 31. 10s. to 51. 13,. Hay, 21. to 41.85. ; Straw, 1/.,105. to 11. 14s. , CITY SOBRIETY.--Frog the circumstance of Saturday being Christmas-day, the reports brought by the police under the notice of the City Magistrates em braced two days and two nights, notwithstanding which, no more than fi ve c h arges of drunkenness and disorder appeared in the charge-sheets for their adjudication. This extraordinary event is ascribed by the Aldermen to the efficacy of the Police Bill, particularly to that clause which shuts up the public-houses from twelve at night on Saturday till one next day, and includes in the same regulation the Christmas-day and Good Friday, and the night preceding each of • these great holidays. The vigilance of the City police officers, under the ac tive control of the City Commissioner, and the peremp tory fines inflicted, also greatly contribute to this excel lent change. We are requested to state, that that fashionable periodical, " Blackwood's Lady's Magazine," is about to be published for the new year, with additional charms, and considerably enlarged ; and, as this is the season when the public are seeking for the best and cheapest monthly works, the proprietors of the "Lady's Black wood's Magazine of Fashion and Literature" are deter mined to take the lead, and publish a work whose pages will be replete with vigour and taste, calculated to enrich the female mind, and to blend treasures of information with amusement. The embellishments are to be of the first order of excellence, and each number will contain from three to four plates of the newest Parisian fashions, a line steel engraving of "Belgian scenery," and nearly 200 royal Bvo. pages of letter-press, equal to four other magazines for its brilliant literature and fashions. The subscription is 2s. monthly, and the work is supplied by all booksellers in the United Kingdom. ALMERICAN NEWS ~e~:::~ (EXPRESS FROM LIVERPOOL.) MOST IMPORTANT FROM AMERICA. LIVERPOOL, TUESDAY MORNING, THREE O'CLOCK. By the arrival of the New York packet•ship Independence, Captain Nye, we have advices from that city to the Bth instant inclusive. This arrival furnishes us with President Tyler's Ad dress—a most important document as regards this country : THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE. To THE SENATE AND HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES. In coming together, fellow-citizens, to enter again upon the discharge of the duties with which the people have charged us, severally, we find great occasion to re joice in the general prosperity of the country. Nye are in the enjoyment of all the blessings of civil and religious liberty, with unexampled means of education, knowledge, and improvement. Through the year which is now drawing to a close, peace has been in our borders, and plenty in our habitations ; and although dis; ease has visited some few portions of the land with distress and mortality, yet in general the health of the people has been preserved, and we are all called upon, by the highest obligations of duty, to renew our thanks and our devotion to our Heavenly Parent, who has continued to vouchsafe to us the eminent blessings which surround us, and who has so signally crowned the year with his goodness. If we find ourselves increasing, beyond ex ample, in numbers, in strength, in wealth, in knowledge, in everything which promotes human and social happi ness, let us ever remember our dependence, for all these, on the protection and inerciful dispensations of Divine Providence. Since yoUr last adjournment, Alexander M'Leod, a British subject, who was indicted for the murder of an American citizen, and whose case has been the subject of a correspondence heretofore communicated to you, has been acquitted by the verdict of an impartial and intelligent jury, and has, under the judgment of the Court, been regularly discharged. Great Britain having made known to this Government that the expedition which was fitted out from Canada for the destruction of the steamboat Caroline in the winter of 1837, and which resulted in the destruction of the said boat and in the death of an American citizen, was undertaken by orders emanating from the authorities of the British Go vernment, in Canada, and demanding the discharge of M'Leod upon the ground that, if engaged in that expedition, he did but fulfil the orders of his Govern ment, has thus been answered in the only way in which she could be answered by a Government, the powers of which are distributed among its several departments by the fundamental law. Happily for the people of Great Britain, as well as those o f t h e U n i te d S tates, the only mode y which an individual, arraigned for a criminal of fence, before the Courts of either, can obtain his dis charge, is by the independent action of the judiciary, and by proceedings equally familiar to the Courts of both countries. If in Great Britain a power exists in the Crown to cause to be entered a nolle prosequi, which is not the case with the Executive power of the United States,Jipon a prosecution pending in a State Court ; yet there, o more than here, can the chief. Executive power rescue a pri soner from custody without an order of the proper tribu nal directing his discharge. The precise stage of the proceedings at which such order may bemade, is a matter of municipal regulation excluiively, and not to be com plained of by any other Government. In cases of this kind, a Government becomes politically respon sible only, when its tribunals of last resort are shown to have rendered unjust and injurious judg ments in matters not doubtful. To the establishment and elucidation of this principle, no nation has lent its authority more efficiently than Great Britain. Alex ander JPLeod. having his option either to prosecute a writ of error from the decision of the Supreme Court of New York, which had been rendered upon his appli cation for a discharge, to the Supreme Court of the United States, or to submit the case to the decision of a Jury, preferred the latter, deeming it the readiest mode of obtaining his liberation, and the result has fully sustained the wisdom of his choice. The manner in which the issue submitted was tried will satisfy the English Government that the principles of justice will never fail to govern the enlightened decision of an Ame rican tribunal. I cannot fail, however, to suggest to Con gress the propriety, and, in some degree, the necessity, of making such provisions by law, as far as they may constitutionally do so, for the removal at their commence ment, and at the option of the party, of all such cases as may hereafter arise, and which involve the faithful observance and execution of our international obli gations, from the State to the Federal Judiciary. This Government, by our institutions, is charged with the maintenance of peace and the preservation of amicable relations with the nations of the earth, and ought to possess, without question, all the reasonable and proper means of maintaining the one and preserving the other. Whilst just confidence is felt in the Judiciary of the States, yet this Government ought to be competent in itself for the fulfilment of the high duties which have been devolved upon it under the organic law, by the States themselves. In the month of September, a party of armed men from Upper Canada invaded the territory of the United States, and forcibly seized upon the person of one Gro gan, and, under circumstances of great harshness, hur riedly carried him beyond the limits of the United States, and delivered him up to the authorities of Upper Canada. His immediate discharge was ordered by those authori ties, upon the facts of the case being brought to their khow ledge—a course of procedure which was to have been expected from a nation with whom we are at peace, and which was not more due to the rights of the United States, than to its own regard for justice. The corres pondence which passed between the Department of State, and the British Envoy, Mr. Fox, and with the Governor of Vermont, as soon as the facts had been made known to this Department, are herewith commu nicated. I regret that it is not in my power to make known to you an equally satisfactory conclusion in the case of the Caroline steamer, with the circum stances connected with the destruction of which, in Decemher, 1837, by an armed force fitted out in the Province of Upper Canada, you are already made acquainted. No such atonement as was due for the public wrong done to the United States by this invasii,n of her territory, so wholly irreconcileable with her rights, as an independent Power, has yet been made. In the view taken by this Government, the inquiry whether the vessel was in the employment of those who were prosecuting an unauthorised war against that Province, or was engaged by the owner in the business of trans porting the passengers to and from Navy Island in hopes of private gain,' which was most probably the case, in no degree alters the real question 'at issue between the two Governments. This Government can never concede to any foreign Government the power, except in a case of the most urgent and extreme necessity, of invading its territory, either to arrest the persons or destroy the pro perty of those who may have violated the municipal laws of such foreign Government, or have disregarded their obligations arising under the law of nations. The territory of the United States must be regarded as sacredly secure against all such invasions, until they shall voluntarily acknowledge their inability to acquit themselves of their duties to others. And in announcing this sentiment I do but affirm a principle which no na don on earth would be more ready to vindicate, at al hazards, than the people and Government of Grea Britain. If, upon a full investigation of all the facts, it shall appear that the owner of the Caroline was governed by a hostile intent, or had made common cause with those who were in the occupancy of Navy Island, themselves, so far as he is concerned, there can be no claim to indemnity for the destruction of his boat, which this Government would feel itself bound to prosecute— since be would have acted not only in derogation of the rights of Great Britain, but in clear viola • tion of the laws of the United States ; but that is a question which, however settled, in no manner involves the higher consideration of the violation of terrii,o rial sovereignty .and jurisdiction. To recognise it as an admissible practice that each Govern ment, in its turn, upon any sudden and unautho• rised outbreak, which, on a frontier, the extent cf which renders it impossible for either to have an efficient force on every mile of it, and which outbreak, therefore, neither may be able to suppress in a day, may take ven geance into its own hands, and without even a remon- strance, and in the absence of any pressing or overruling necesity may invade the territory of the other, would inevitably lead to results equally to be deplored by both. When border collisions come to receive the sanction, or to be made on the authority of either Government, gene ral war must be the inevitable result. While it is the ardent desire of the United States to culti vete the relations of peace with all nations, and to fulfil all the duties of good neighbourhood towards those :who possess territories adjoining their own, that very desire would lead them to .deny the right of any foreign power to invade their bouifititry with an armed force. The correspondence between the two Governments on this subject, will, at a future day of your session, be submitted to your consideration; and in the meantime I cannot but indulge the hope that the British Government will see the propriety of renouncing, as a rule of future action, the precedent which has been set in the affair at Schlosser. I herewith submit the correspondence which has recently taken place between the American Minister at the Court of St. James, Mr. Stevenson, and the Minis ter of Foreign Affairs of that Government, on the right claimed by that Government to visit and detain vessfis sailing under the American flag and engaged in prose cuting lawful commerce in the African seas. Our* commercial interests in that region have expe rienced considerable increase, and have become an object of much importance, and it is the duty of this Government to protect them against all improper and vexatious interruption. However desirous the United States may be for the suppression of the slave trade, they cannot consent to interpolations into the maritime code, at the mere will and pleasure of other Governments. We deny the right of any such interpolation to any one, or all the nations of the earth, without our consent. We claim to have a voice in all amendments or alterations of that code ; and when we are given to understand, as in this instance, by a foreign Government, that its treaties with other nations cannot be executed without the establishment and enforcement of ne w principles of maritime police, to be applied without our consent, we must employ a language neither of equi vocal import, nor susceptible of misconstruction. Alfieri- cmn citizens prosecaing; a lawful commerce in the African seas, under the flag of their country, are not responsible EVENING SUN or for the abuse or unlawful use of that flag by others'; can they ritrhtfully on account of any'such :71!Pv`.. a tte a. • , cue. d ee . e't the ocean ; anti if the, ru t ; suing honest voyages in th e usua l wa y, and violtibg n° law themselves, they are unquestionably entitled teiedetn nity. This Government has manifested its repug nance to the slave-trade i n a manner w hi c h cann ot be misunder stood. By its fund amen t a l l aw it p re scribed limits ill point of time to it s con ti nuance ; and against its oivu citizens, who might so f ar f orge t he rights of hu manity as to engage in that w i c k e d t ra ffi c , it has long s ince by its municipal laws, d enounce d th e most condign pu nishment. Many of th e St a t es com po s ing this lemon had made appeals to the civilised world for its suppres sion, lung before the moral sense of other nations had be come shocked by the iniquities of the traffic. this Government should now enter into treaties on; taming mutual stipulations upon this subject, i s e question for its mature deliberation. Certain it that if the right to detain American ships.-on t f °6 , high seas can be justified on the plea of rieeeseitY ° 4 such detention, arising. out of the, existence-efete'ealcil;e between other nations, the same plea may ha_44 lo t e and enlarged by the new stipulations of new treetlies , Go , - which the United States may not be a party. Wit verament will not cease to urge upon that of 400 bet Whether tain, full and ample remuneration for all lossret;l oe an arising from detention or otherwise, to which Ame nc , e _ citizens have heretofore been, or may hereafter 7+ vernment cannot recognise as legitimate subjected, by the exercise of rights which this er , Nor will I indulge a doubt but and proepe..o, of justice of Great Britain will constrain her to . mak e retribution for any wrong,•or loss, which any ekille ri r t ' ee , citizen, engaged in the prosecution of lawful cumin'' , 0 , may have experienced at the hand of its cruiser:am' other public authorities. This Government, at th i n ther e, time, will relax no eflbrt to prevent its citizens, 1 ; roue that the . r a i k ' e be any so disposed, from prosecuting a trallie s° ,, r e ee ere ing to the feelings of humanity. It seeks to dO. teeeta than to protect the fair and honest trader from 111we' riner„ tion and injury ; but while th e enter prising engaged, in the pursuit of an honourable tra de '' e 4s ash-• titled to its protection, it will visit with c ondign ..r -ment others of an opposite character. roes' I invite your attention to existing laws for the s n , o de alterations as may give to them sion of the African slave trade, and recommend , e ff i e cacy. That the American flag is grossly abused by abandoned and profligate of other nations, is butt pct probable. Congress has not long since had this sed f i c e under its consideration, and its importance well j us greater force .e. renewed and anxious attention. c orree e I also communicate herewith the copy of s tove pondence between Mr. Stev enson an d Lord relive r ther nt upon the subject so interesting to several of the Sa n ely to States, of the rice duties, whi c h res ulted lamou rtw atee the justice of Great Britain, an d advantageously United States. 1 o rr esi' At the opening of the last annua l s ession t-' d t eem dent informed Congr e ss o f th e p rogres s which ha . Go been made in negotiatin g a convent i on between this foist vernment and that of England, w ith a view.t o tke tere settlement of the question of the boundary betw een ha little ritorial -advance of the two countries. 'regret to sa'rten-e -farther ment of the object has beelleie e " -- a ancest since last year ; but this is owing to deg both no way indicative of any abatement of the t i l l s een, and parties to hasten the negotiation to its COnsline nSsible• la to settle the question in dispute, as eerie' -- -1 3 b l e to an" nounce some further degree of progress, the course of the session, it is my hope t tow a rds the a c. complishment of this highly desirable end. n e for th e Tae Commission appointed by this Govermce seParnt exploration and survey of the line of boundarYfro, the ing the States of Maine and New HanWsi tire d, a b o ut to conterminous British provinces, is, it is believe the close its field labours, and is expected soon to rolf state . results of its examinations to the depareneut,„eress- The Report, when received, will be laid before r l a nce The failure on the part of Spain to pay , w o til f 18 34 ° tuality, the interest due under the Conventiou_outateese for the settlement of claims between the two n e the par has made it the duty of the Executive to c a eh i e e. i t ; disposition has been manifested by titular attention of that Government to the s.' e tt i e eece to be entirely sincere, to fulfil its obligations in state of spect, so soon as its internal condition and . t '" re gress' its finances will permit. An arrangement is P_ ut • our from the result of which, it is trusted that those_iii, citizens who have claims under the Convention no distant day, receive the stipulated n aYmen.tsh. De lgiune A Treaty of Commerce and Navigation wit a 9 0 e, it, which is is is re , was concluded and signed at Washington 0 c l e nate of March, 1840, and was duly sanctioned by the his del: the United States. The Treaty was ratified 11 • t he don ot gian Majesty, but did not receive the approht its te rms, Belgian Chambers within the time limited by he and has-, therefore, become void. f r oe a t This occurrence assumes the graver consideration that, in 1833, a Treaty nag"' pa rt of the the two Governments, and ratified on tile 'part of Bel United States, failed to be ratified " e G t ee erniuen t ' 1 7; &tn. The Representative of that c,„ Stat e that 5 Washington, informs the Departmenitol: of the causes has been instructed to give exPinnat the late Treaty val which occasioned delay in the aePr° 1-• regret of the by the Legislature, and to e%prets tee King at the occurrence. tion With The Joint Commission under the Convell the two to Texa:3 to ascertain the boundary betweenat of tries, has concluded its labours, but the final l ' e P bee!' the Commissioner of the United States has not -yet, ,v e received. It is understood, however, that the me° t ea line, as traced by the Commission, lies somewl i at ee a to the East than the position hitherto generally ass l g t of to it, and, consequently, includes in Texas i,oule the territory which had been considered as. beloug lfl ' the States of Louisiana and Arkansas. 'a The United States cannot but take a deep intereusbtiiie. whatever relates to this young, but growinelited• Settled principally by emigrants 1-I.°lll that the States, we have the happiness to kn9wer,e great principles of civil liberty . destined, are there 010100E 0 to flourish, under wise institutions ananother eri laws ; and that, through its example , o f pop"" dence is to be afforded of the capacity boote es* lar institutions, to ad vance the prosper it y' g reo o and permanent glory of the human race. eople, aua truth, that Government was made for the 1) es tate not the people for Government, has alrettelY,rr e e_v_ -u n ited lished in the practice and by the example of se its States ; and we can do no other than. contempl ate . the further exemplification by a sister R e publ c deepest interest. ur relations with the independent. . e s e eing hemisphere, formerly under the doininionwoiiiiiiiir the have not undergone any material changecontlicts past year. The incessant sanguinary greatly deplore or between those countries, are to be era per' ed, as necessarily tending to disable them COnlui lleitf forming their duties as members o f the, lie po e st - ; of nations, and rising to the destiny whien_l i , h t lead tion and natural resources of many of them.e'eteetirsro, them justly to anticipate, as constantly giv r r i ei je pa our citizens who resort thither for also directly or indirectly, for complain ts of ac ulca en ee S:tates of this or wr" f inirP °S F n cial intercourse, and as re t ar ding repay`' b y 00 means 0 already committed, some of which ar e recent date. to hold a S The failure of the Congre ss o f Ecuadorin &on o, • e r f r sion at the time appoi n t e d for that - purpos e of comme rc e last, will probably r en d er a b ort i ve a trea t). A Quito on t at fied oul with that Republic, w hi c h was s igned 13th of June, 1839, and h a d been doil yron , tha t bodY f part, but which requir e d th e a pprobation , . ece tire• prior to its ratification by the Ecuadorian lex , .eite per A Convention which has been concludeuii7 „ : f eer Republic of Peru, providing for the settlement theo tain claims of citizens of the United Stat u s to r ieeed Government of that Republic, will bedulY s the Senate. The claims of our citizens against the Braz ci. ase venue - rent, originating from captures and othee _ o , ee er t are still unsatisfied. The United States have, o °.. oas of e lat t 1 so uniformly shown a disposition to cultivate r l i v e& amity with that Empire, that it is hoped the une e t l a djust' tokens of the same spirit towards us, will b' ment of the affairs referred to would afford, wilt of iliac* Go; gtven without further avoidable delay. •o i asula The war with the Indian tribes on the Pe pr ose' Florida has, during the last summer and f•all, be• r er cuted with untiring activity and zeal. A an le e in e eteing tr paign was resolved upon as the best mode of 01 en' to a close. Our brave officers and men whor ; war'gaged in that service, have suffered toils an r wo ol de spite 0 a In etrate and exhibited an energy, which, in any other:lva t ee have won for them unfading laurele• har e Pen sickness incident to the climate, they t heir encal the fastnesses of the Indians, broken ' I P- Num b e rs n 3; pe ments, and harassed them unceasinglY: have 511rre- % been captured, and still greater numbers . isret ere_l_ dered, and have been transported to joia thle G ° ,der on the lands elsewhere allotted to them by ti m , ment,—and a strong hope is entertained ti l _d a te l e the conduct of the gallant officer at the le e s ne tt'; troops in Florida, that troublesome antl iT , th. all Pi war is destined to a speedy termination. 11 ,: iess iegs e t other Indian tribes, we are enjoying the ne eell ) peace. Our duty, as well as our best int erest", us to observe, in all our intercourse with theme trie yja , ' in fulfilling our engagements, the practice of heeeve; dee, as well as the constant exercise of acts 01. elite ok l e nce and kindness. Th ese are the g c e reat instrutuo the civilization, and th roug h the use of them al one to i ° untutored child o f th e forest be induced to listen teachings. r est' The Secretary of State, on whom the acts of e c,e_ng o , s for have devolved the duty of directing , the proce . T u e l e be c c the taking the sixth census, or enumeration of Et , ' th e t"' bitants of the United States, will report to _ orat eof! Houses the progress of that work. The (Tutu_ °lola of persons has been completed, and exhibits.ier,eseeostO total of 17,069,453 ; making an increase over of 1830 of 4,202,646 inhabitants, and showing `t .E a g e ,. a ratio exceeding 32?; per cent. for the last ten yeti From the report of the Secretary of the Treasury' . le i will be informed of the condition of the financ 0 balance in the Treasury on the Ist of Janutaes.yrt°,:s,ae stated in the report of the Secretary of the Tre . _ Ax. the tir t t s to The receipts into the Treasury-, during the to amou n milted toCungress at the extra Sessionovas 987,e4e01' w ee quarters of this year, from all sources, t. , 14.1 cl i 23,467,052d01. Sec. The estimated receipts for ou tle i : k4, . the balm' .0,, in 30,410,167 dol. 77c. ; and making, with ee , , , 1 2 Idol the amount to 6,943,095(101. 25c. ; I .' the Treasury, on the first ofJanuary last, 31.,zve quest` 01 this year amount to 24,734,346 dol. 97c. The r-nt to 80c. The expenditures for the first three arnou t, tures for the fourth quarter, as estimated, _ s o ee .. 7,290,723 dol. 73c. ; thus making a total of 32, 0 ev- e .. , , firsi* 70c., and leaving a deficit to be provided for, on le • ea January next, of about 627,557 dol. 90c. aot:D.or,Llc, it by Congress at its late session, only 5, Of the loan of 12,000,000 dol., which have been negotiated. The shortness of time i..oe ew had to run has presented no inconsiderable impet' . ; 1 1 0el e 47 5 72 6 o°l - the way of its being taken by capitalists ay r oca_ while the same cause would have operated yaw aS oP greater force in the foreign market. For thac fires lug perf, rate Gov live, Whit disc( ailed CO most ( Liv e. 114ted to be of deb hestly dean: Z ;llia Nbar t : l gtnE tin oi kard tt train fall °Ate t to adv ant 1 41( q - ig In ury tu ne , s t hree, It iont 110 su t 81 1Spe r clue..tiN • Pe'Hui t iousl) to aclv 1514. t n 0 staff p o r tat e ounit I : 4 Y' ctc lit li t ts th i s x °4 , l it t°retie, ~t e DI l iani :1 . t wil Certii sold , faciii ble r the lc lance in g a guar( the now ame. Pay: