The Sun. — London, England, 1841-01-18 00:00:00

~_.___- ; 54n14V1N4 ( 74 ILDITTON NAVAL BIOGRAPHY. " Th E LATE REAR. ADMIRAL SIR PHILIP Ibis VERE BROKE, BART., K.C.8.. ,. 'ibis o ffi cer was the el d est son of the l ate Ptii.ip 130 wes Broke, of Nacton, county of Suffolk, Esq , by Elizabeth, daughter of the Rev. Charles Beaumont, 11.1• a of ' N‘ * ituesn hain, in the same county. 11e was born 9 th Sept em b er , 1776 ; comp l e t e d his education S ' ,) the Royal Academy, Portsmouth ; commenced his nsyal career as midshipman on hoard the Bull Dog B ' ° °P of war, 25th June, 179'). From her he removed With Captain George Hope, into L'Eclair, a French he co rvette on the M e di terranean stat i on , w h ere e W as employed in much active service, rarticularly St the s i ege of Bastia. L ' Eclair was for some time eurnmanded by the late Commissioner Towry, with Wh om Mr. Broke continued until 25th May, 1794, Ic nea he j o i ne d hi s f ormer C apta i n i n t h e R omu l us, Vi guns. whi c h s hip was a tt ac h e d t o th e fl ee t un d er ee Ad m i ra l S tot h am, i n t h e action off Genoa, 14th March, 1795. O n t h e Bth o f J une f o ll ow i ng , h e was , i l et wnyed i n t o t h e B r i tann i a, a fi rst - rate, b ear i ng t h e ~( 1; of th at o ffi cer, by whom he was appo i nted th i rd Lieutenant of the Southampton frigate, shortly after ' o ,ne ski rm i sh of Frejus, which ended in the destruction a French 74. In the Southampton's action with L tt Vestale, French frigate, and capture of L'Utile Fre nch corvette . , cut out from under the batteries of Poquerones, 1796, Lieutenant Broke bore a conspi csuuus part ; h e was a l so present at t h e d e f eat o f t h e vanish fleet, by Sir John Jervis, 14th February 1797. e subsequently find him serving under the late Hon. C aptain• bearing a Charl es H er b er t, in the Amelia frigate, and part in the battle between Sir John B. War- Lin and I ‘l. Bornpart, off the co ist of Ireland, 1798. eutenant Broke was advanced to the rank of Com litrder s in January 1799 ; and made a Post Captain t" February 1801. Previous to this latter promo• i t a " ' h e commanded the Shark sloop of war, employed oru ! l dfordi ng protection to the trade, and occasionally su lg off th e D utc h coost. A t the re newa l of the war i n 1 803 , C apta i n B ro k e i n ) lad u several unsuccess f u l app li ca ti ons f or a s hi p ; t ut as i nactivity formed no part of his character, he ... 1 9PloYed hi mself in training the peasantry in his :,eighbaurbood t o arms , f or t h e purpose o f oppos i ng Ineepithreate ne d i nvasion from France. In April, 1805, Was : a appointed to the Druid frigate ; and the scarcity g se amen then b e i ng so great t h at many s hi ps were oing i dle for want o f h an d s , h e o ff ere d to procee d to off ' with scarcely a sufficient number to work her. His offer being accepted, the Druid sailed on a cruise for en off the Land's End, and in the Bristol Channel e, s o en d alter makin g u p h er com pl emen t, w as placed under I ' o orderf Lord Gardner, on the Irish station, where a,l r captured the P r i nce Murat, French ship privateer, r l , B Six-pounders, and 127 men. Oa the Ist of May, ,' ; '" 6 , Captain Broke fell in with the Pandour, a na nral bri g of 18 guns and 114 men, which, after a run °' 16 0 miles, was arrested in her flight by the squadron u nder Rear-Admiral Stirling, and conducted to Ply illnath by the Druid. Captain Broke's next appoint 111,ent was in June, 1806, t o th e Sh annon , i n w hi c h l:'ilz1 he e s t a blish e d hi s f ame as a B r i t i s h comman d er i n I ne fir st ran k o f nava l renown. Towards the close of ' SO7 , Captain Broke accompanied the expedition 4gainst Madeira, in consequence of the Portuguese Go vernmenti„ having declared war aeainst Great Britain. possession of that island being obtained by a mere dis ,,P 4 ) . of force, he was ordered by Sir Samuel Hood to ; I ° :" . ,'°Y the transports back to England, where he ar j e ti On th e 7th of Fe'uruary, 1808. On the 27th of m a e nu c arY, 1809, he took, after a long chase, Le Porn cutter, 14 guns, and 40 men. WhlV u next find C a pt a i n B ro k e on t h e H a lif ax stat i on , thereere he arri ve d on t h e 14t h of September, 1811. On e i a B th of Ju ne , 1812, a f orma l declaration of war g al rist Great Britain WAS made on the part of Con- R R 4 re ss ; and on the sth of the ensuing month, Capt. B. as despatched b y Vi ce Ad m i ra l S awyer , w i t h t h e his' Orders despatched 4, and Belvidere and tEgeus, frigates, under if 4 t e ward to blo c k a d e the enemy's ports. Eleven days he captured the American brig Nautilus, eve !Uns, and 106 men, on Sandy Hook. The same Co g another vessel was seen, which proved to be the an( j' a t i i utton, 56 guns . All sa il was i mme di ate l y ma d e, s h e , o t , haugh one of the British squadron was withi king her escape,n gun au he r , she succeeded in ma after is"'dons pursuit o f 65 h ours . O n t h e 20th of Sept. .‘_-'lloprtain Brok e re t urne d to H a lif ax, where he bad the by tificatio n to learn that the Guerriere had been taken hthe Constitution. In December, 1812, Captain r °ke es cor t e d a h omewar d • b ound fleet halt-way across e Atlantic. Oa the 21st of March, 1813, he was Pined by Captains Oliver and Capel, in the Valiant and La Hogue, 74's, when the former officer relieved him in the command of the northern stations. 'file Shannon end Tenedos soon after separated from the squadron i n a gale, and steered for Boston, which port they re etri'lAetioltred on the 2d of April. It was at this time piss k-lhesapeake got into Boston thrnugh the eastern e ss ,,ge'-'• Captain Broke having ascertained that the "..e'aPeake would soon be ready for sea again, he took `apply of of provisions and water from the Tenedos, and 'lief.d I'er, with orders not to rejoin him before the 14th d p e a r ile j , t J h u e rLa the earliest date at which, it was consi- Constitution could he got ready to accom for ch i t s Chesapeake, should the latter wait in port th e ~""t purpose. Seven days afterwards, he addressed Ches apeake letter to the commanding officer of the leake " 11. B. M.S. Shannon, off Bosto n , J une 4, 1813. k ,, , 0 _ the Chesapeake appears now ready for I request you will do me the favour to meet the ollr a unno with her, ship to ship. to try the fortune of i t . resPeetive flags. To an officer of your character, requires some apology for proceeding to further par tistale e r ii• Be assured, Sir, that it is not from any doubt ho_a!"1 entertain of your wishing to close with my pro tios4 i:vv,.ut merely to provide an answer to any objec the chance "'eh might be made, and very reasonably, upon of our receiving unfair support. trlo titA..fter the dili gent attent i on we ha d pa id to Corn. b u , ute Ro gers ; the pains I took to detach all force t the Sh annon and Tenedos to such a distance that a h: i„7l,enald not possibly :j o i n i n an y ac ti on f oug ht i n of the Capes, and the various verbal messages we ' r eu had been sent into Boston to that effect, we el ud e I ' 4 °ol disapp o i n t e d to fi n d t h e C ommo d ore h a d a a iii s ed us by saili ng on th e fi rs t c h ange , a f ter t h e pre fretnug easte r l y w i n d s h ad o b l i ged us to keep an of fi ng a s , e t he Coa s t. H e, per h aps, w i s h e d f or some stronger tuld t ran ee of a fair meeting. lam therefore induced to wh at el i s You mo re part i cu l ar l y , an d to assure you , t h at writ e I p l edge my honour to perform. s i de The Sh annon mounts 21 guns guns upon her broads Inai4 5 , 0 4 on e li g h t b oat gun ; 18 pounders upon her (leek Beek, and 32 poun d er carrona d es on h er quarter s oo and forecastl e ; is manned with a complement of b e , id l uen and boys (a large proportion of the latter), takens 30 seamen, boys, and passengers, who were tai ntit nut o f recaptured vessels lately. I am thus 11 0ato e, because a report has prevailed in some of the a t from Papers, th at we h a d 150 men a ddi t i ona l l ent Lao La Hogue, which really never was the case. 1 R i ll is now gone to Halifax for provis i ons ; an d ins wit a ll other ships beyond the power of interfer to y ou t h us, and meet you wherever it is most agreeable v oss ps w thin the limit s o f th e un d erment i one d rendez from ~ 1 1. B ru t 11 2 6 to 10 l eagues east o f C ape C o d li ghthouse ; Ca s h e ...u, 1 0 le agues east o f C ape A nn ' s light ; on di st , te : Ledge, in latitude 43 north ; at any bearing and ttlek eti e or MI please t o fi x o ff t h e sout h b rea k ers o f Nan -11 the s h oa l on S t. G eorge ' s Bank. i s l e you will favour me with any plan of signals or r aisj 4 ,P t l a. warnl will you (if sail nt , pro- W here under this l n e ulfl anyofmy friends b e e too nigh, or any Or w ,Ilght until I can detach them out of my way ; Pla ce ~° 4ld sail with y ou un d er a fl ag o f t ruce t o any en ' ct think sa f es t f r o m our cr ui sers , h au lin g it down t 4i Y ou ° b egin hostilities. highly ath. ll.lBt l Sir, be aware that my proposals are !ea *ntageotis to you, as you cannot proceed to being C r Y o i sti tl e t d h e L Chesapeake,.without imminent risk of -senbn oplretre f4tly uy the superior force of the numerous Your quadrons which are now abroad ; where all ,atit, n ease of a rencontre, would, however gal *4, o e f , tmhat hopeless. I entreat you, Sir, not to am urged by mere personal vanity to the only umeeting the Chesapeake ; or that I depend this i P9 ll Your personal ambition for your acceding to f eel it • s e et it as a • :fe Lave both nobler motives. You will fieeti ug ma c y uT e Plitlent if I say, that the result of our `ernY countr- • the most grateful service can n "sat o f a _ and I doubt not that you, equally co - tek tite _ rest!, will feel convinced, that it is only by can no °I triumphs in even combats, that your little navy that w h °Pe to console your country for the loss or -- %rad e i t can no longer protect. Favour me with a a dd etaeattnoty We ar e s h ort o f prov i s i ons an d water, y long here. "I have the honour to be, Sir, " You r obedient humbl e ser v an t, N tSlgued) " P. B. V. BROKE. to ast, i t r-For . the g enera l serv i ce of watching your pon y : t reqUlStte for me to k eep another ship in com 151oY ° su pply me with h er guns, and boats whem em b either ed near the l an d , and particularly to aid each other, a i a _ ship in c h ase should get on sh ore . Y ou must Nil, e ware th at I c annot, cons i stently w;th my duty, dst, tel : in ° great an advantage for this general service, by Part of meeting Consort, wi th out an assurance on your seek net "'lug me directly ; and that you will neither leis if adm it aid from any other of your armed yes tog Cle c t ,?ch mine ex p ress l y f or t h e purpose of meet thus S hould any spec i a l or d er restrain you from rue by L' e rmg a formal challenge, you may yet oblige place'seeping my proposal secret, and appointing any on)You may . .. i n ay ike to meet us (within 800 miles of Bos- YOO egtVell number of days after you sail ; as unless )6 4. P ci u to an interview, I may be busied on other seta You go to Perhaps, be at a distance from Boston when Thi,sea• Choose your terms, but let us meet." ch ar letter letter was confided to Mr. Slocum, a (lis ta, fitteleprisoner, who immediately departed in a boat With e b lehead. At the same time, the Shannon, and tLe s'laUrs flying, stood in close to the light-house, a tteh :_r_ r,e hove to. The Chesapeake was now seen at u r in President Roads, with royal yards across, '••••4151&ently reedy for sea. She soon after loosed - - , . . . . _ . . _ Li Tut PIINTI LONDON'. MONDAY._JASCARY and sheeted home her topsails. Between noon and onr p.n., while the Shannon's crew were at dinner, Captain Broke went himself to the masthead, and there ob served the Chesapeake fire a gun, hoist her topsails and set top-gallant sails. She was presently under weigh, and made more sail us she came down, having light breeze in her favour. The followin g is Captain Broke's letter, detailing an account of the action that ensued : " Shannon, Halifax, June 6, 1813: Sir,-1 have the honour to inform you, that being close in with Boston lighthouse, in H. M.S , under my command, on the Ist inst., I had the pleasure of see ing that the United States' frigate Chesapeake (whom we had long been watching), was coining out of the harbour ►o engage the Shannon ; I took a position be- ' ween Cape Ann and Cape Cod, and then hove to for him to join us. The enemy came down in a very hand some manner, having three American ensigns fly ing ; when closing with us, he sent down his royal yards. I kept the Shannon's up, expecting the breeze would die away. At half-past 5 p.m. the enemy hauled up within hail of us on the starboard side, and the battle began : after exchanging two or three broadsides, the enemy's ship fell on board of us, her mizen-channels locking in with our fore-rigging. I went forward to ascertain our position, and observed that the enemy were flinching from their guns. I gave the order to prepare for boarding. Our gallant hands appointed to that service immediately rushed ia, under their respective officers, driving everything before them with irresistible fury. The enemy made a desperate but disorderly resistance. The firing continued at all the gang ways, and between the tops, but in two minutes time, the enemy were driven, sword in hand, from every post. The American flag was hauled down, and the proud old British Union floated triumphant over it. In another minute they ceased firing from below and called for quarter. The whole of this was achieved in 15 minutes from the com mencement of the action. I have to lament the loss of many of my gallant shipmates, but they fell exulting in their conquest. My brace first lieutenant,Mr.Watt, was slain in the moment of victory, in the act of hoist ing the British colours ; his death is a severe loss to the service. Mr. Aldham, the purser, who had spiritedly volunteered the charge of a party of small-arm men, was killed at his post, on the gangway. My faithful old clerk, Mr. Dunn, was shot by his side. Mr Aldham has left a widow to lament his loss. I request the Commander-in-Chief will recommend her to the protec tion of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty. My veteran boatswain, Mr. Stephens, has lost an arm ; he fought under Lord Rodney, April 12, 1782. I trust his age and service will be duty rewarded. lam happy to say that Mr. Samwell, a midshipman of much me rit, is the only other officer wounded (besides myself), and he not dangerously. Of my gallant seamen and marines, 23 were slain, and 5h wounded. No expres sions I can make use of can do justice to the merits of my valiant officers and crew ; I recommend them all warmly to the protection of the Commander-in-Chief. Having received a severe sabre wound at the first onset, hilst charging a party of the enemy who had rallied on their forecastle, I was only capable of giving command till our conquest was complete ; and then directing second Lieut. Wallis to take charge of the Shannon, and secure the prisoners, I left the third lieutenant, Mr. Falkiner (who headed the main-deck boarders), in charge of the prize. I beg to recommend these offi cers most strongly to the Commander-in-Chief's pa tronage. To Mr. Etough, the acting Master, I am much indebted for the steadiness with which he carried the sh!p into action. Lieutenants Johns and Law, of the Marines, bravely boarded at their respective divi sions. It is utterly impossible to particularise every brilliant deed performed by my officers and men ; but I must mention when the ships' yard-arms were locked together, that Mr. Cosnahan, who commanded in our main-top, finding himself screened from the enemy by the foot of the topsail, laid out at the main-yardarm, to fire upon them, and shot three men in that situation. Mr. Smith, who commanded in our fore-top, stormed the enemy's fore-top from the fore-yard-arm, and destroyed all the Americans remaining in it. I particularly beg leave to recommend Mr. Etough, the acting Master ; and Messrs. Smith, Leake, Clavering, Raymond, and Littlejohn, Midshipmen. The loss of the enemy was about 70 killed and 100 wounded. The enemy came into action with 440 men ; the Shannon hail 330. The Chesapeake is a fine frigate, and mounts 49 guns; eighteens on her man deck, two-and-thirties en her quarter deck and forecastle. Both ships came out of action in the most beautiful order, their rigging appearing as perfect as if they bad only been exchang ing a salute. " I have the honour to be, Sir, &c. (Signed) " P. B. V. BROKE. " To Capt. Hon. T. Bladen Capel." The Lords of the Admiralty, to mark their sense of this action, directed a medal to be presented to Cap tain Broke. On the 2d of November following, Cap tain Broke was . raised to the dignity of a Baronet of Great Britain ; and in February 1814, he received the Royal permission to bear a crest of honourable augmen tation to his family arms, together with the motto— " Scevumque tridentem servamus." The underwriters at Halifax, in testimony of their esteem, presented Captain Broke with a piece of plate, value 100 guineas. The Court of Common Council of London, voted him their thanks, with the freedom of the City, and a sword of 100 guineas value. The thanks of the Corporation of Ipswich (the freedom of which he was by birth en titled to), were also presented to him, and a subscrip. lion opened by the gentry and other inhabitants of the county of Suffolk, for the purpose of purchasing a piece of plate, which closed at an amount of 740/, A convivial society at Ipswich, called the " Free and Easy Club," likewise subscribed 100 guineas for the purchase of a silver cup, bearing a chaste and unosten tatious inscription. On the Shannon's return to England, being found unfit for service, Sir Philip Broke was offend the com mand of one of the new ships built to match the large American vessels, misnamed frigates ; but his wound was not then sufficiently healed to allow of his immedi ately serving again. He was nominated a K.C.8., Ja nuary 2, 1815 ; and promoted to the rank of Rear-Ad miral, 22d January, 1839. In his public capacity he was a zealous enterprising officer, of a conciliatory dis position and kind feelings. In his private life, charit able and benevolent ; and no one has ever died more generally regretted than the gallant Admiral ; and his name will be recorded to posterity as one of our greatest naval ornaments. POPULATION AND MILITARY FORCE OF THE DIFFERENT POWERS IN 1841. The following interesting statistical return, made by Chevalier Cesar Moreau, from official documents, was read at the Royal Statistical Society of Paris, at their meeting of the 2d January, showing the population and military force of the different Powers in 1841 :-- GERMANY.—The German:Confederation was esta blished at the peace of 1314, with the consent of France, England, and the Holy Alliance. it is corn posed of the Empire of Austria, the Kingdoms of Prussia, Bavaria, Bohemia, Hungary, Hanover, and Wurtemberg ; of the Grand Duchies of Saxony, Ba den, Electorate of Hesse, and other Principalities ; the Republics of Lubeck, Frankfort, Bremen, and Hamburgh. This may be considered the Grtnd Mili tary Confederation of the North of Europe, which ex tends its power over the Lombario-Venetian States, and the whole of Italy under the yoke of Austria. It is the alliance of these States which is the great check to the ambitious views and despotism of Russia. The empire of AUSTRIA may be considered the most important. It is composed of thirteen States, viz., the Archduchy of Austria, Styria, Illyria, Tyrol, Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia, Gallieia, Hungary, Croatia, Selavonia, Transylvania, Dalmatia, and Lom bardo-Venetian. It comprises 900 towns, 2,137 burghs, and 77,596 villages. Its population is 23 millions and a half of inhabitants ; army, 280,500 men ; and a well constructed navy. Its ciimate is temperate, and pro duces grain, fruit, and cattle in abundance. BAV AlLlA.—Population,4,soo,oo o inhabitants; army, 35,800 men. DENMARK. Population, 2,000,000 inhabitants army. 40,000 men ; a large commercial navy. BELGIUNI. Population, 3,600,000 inhabitants army, 47,000 men ; no navy ; country fertile in grain. HOLLAND. Population, 2.600,000 inhabitants army, 26,000 men ; a large commercial navy ; soi fertile. _ NORWAY. Population, 1,080,000 inhabitants ; army, 12,000 men ; several excellent ships of war. SWEDEN. Population, 3,866,000 inhabitants ; army, 45,00 men ; several excellent ships of war. SAXONY.—Population, 1,500,000 inhabitants ; army, 15,000 men ; country fertile. SWECZERLAND.—PopuIation, 1,990,000 inhabitants ; army, 35,000 men ; country fertile. Wu ItTEMBE }W.—Population, 1,580,000 inhabitants ; army, 14,01'0 men. The kingdom of:Paussra is the second military power included in the Germanic Confederation, and keeps the equilibrium between Austria and Russia. Population, 12 500,000 inhabitants ; army, 200,000 men ; a large commercial navy ; soil fertile. Russra.—This great military empire, situated in Europe and Asia, comprises the ninth part of the ter restrial globe, and the 28th part of the whole globe. Its military colonies on the banks of the Llemen, Dnie per, Boy, Borys, Ingoul, Novornirgorod, and the South, (which she gained by pillage and murder) alone amount to upwards of 100,000 men, on a similar plan to the military colonies of Austria. This description of mili tary agricultural force is annually increasing, and threatens sooner or later to invade Circassia, and 'fur key, which will eventually form a province of this ever- - growing empire, should not the determination and wisdom of the British Cabinet, united with that of France, put a stop to the ambition of the Autocrat. Although so extensive, Russia is far from being so po pulated in compariso n with France, England, and other parts of Europe, where liberty and industry are joined together for the b ent fit of m an ki n d. It s f e tt e red peasantry or hordes are scattered in small towns or desert v llages. Its army and savage bands of Cossacks, Calmuks; ' baskirs or irregular cavalry, are disseminated al! over the empire from North to South, each forming a sort of military autocracy of themselves, or an indr dendent force of nobles and slaves, over which the Cz.lr himself has alone the power of life and death, but not withstanding he is entirely under their will or influences. Inis numerical strength in case of a sudden war, could not be concentrated in any particular point but with the. greatest difficulty, as the strongest antipathies exist between these barbarous hordes, and those of an op posite part of the empire, differ in language and reli 4ion. In Austria, Prussia, and the other Powers form mg the Germanic Confederation, the law of conscription, similar to that of France (excepting nobles) is adopted for the recruiting of the army, but in Russia every P" sant or serf is considered the property of the nobles, and can be called upon to serve as a soldier whenever the Emperor may think proper to command him, This despotic power is too often abused by the Gene rals in -Chief, who show more partiality towards one province or government than another, from wherna arises the state of hatred and revolt, which exists among many of the corps, and that is only kept down by the knout or violent flogging, and other severe corpora! punishments, at the mercy of their officers, all of whom are nobles. Population, 56,800,000 inhabitants ; army, 800,000 men (regular troops) ; large navy. Parts of the country fertile in grain, wood, tar, resin, hemp, &c. FRANCE, next to Russia, may be considered the strongest military power on the continent of Europe, its army well organised, as well as its National Guards Since the glorious revolution of 1830, many great tin provements have taken place in its composition, and the conquest of Algiers and Constantine has again raised that military spirit of glory which distinguished her armies under Napoleon le Grand whose mort it remains now repose within the sanctuary of the Invalidas. As yet Franca has not established military colonies similar to her allies of Russia and Austria, as a reward to her bravest veterans ; but the subject is under the special consideration of his Majesty Louis Philippe, and his Excellency Marshal Soult, the Minister of War, according to the plan proposed by Marshal Vallee, who has made Northern Africa, once the re treat of pirates and savage Arabs, become civilised by France and her deserving warriors. The army in France is raised by the law of conscription, which obliges each canton to furnish annually the contingent of young men of the age of one-and-twenty, required by the Government, which number is balloted for by the rich proprietor's son, as well as that of the humble peasant, and once exempted, they are not called upon to draw again. The length of service is for seven years, at the expiration of which they can either con tinue in the army, or demand their discharge to retire home to the bosoms of their family. The officers rise gradually from the ranks according to their braver) and merit, or are named by the King front the Ecole Polytechnique of Paris, and the Military School of Saunter. No commissions are purchased, and all cor poral punishment is prohibited by the military code. Population 34,150,000 inhabitants, army 480,000 men ; exclusive of National Guards ; 380 ships of war, and 45,000 sailors or marines. France is divided into 86 departments, 363 arrondissements, 2,834 cantons, and 37,234 communes. One of the richest and most fer tile countries in Europe, producing grain, fruit, cattle, &c., in abundance. GREAT Berretx.—Although it may be classed among the military nations of the North, it must be con sidered more a maritime Power than a military one, and one of the most commercial, fertile, and industrious nations in the world ; through its particular geographi cal position as an island, which gives it the command of the seas. Its possessions in the different parts of the globe present a population of 143,185,000 inhabi tants, and an army of 805,500 men, including the troops belonging to the East India Company and other col( - nies. The British army as well as the navy is raised by voluntary enlistment. The commissions in the army are purchased by the elite of the aristocracy, few men ever rising from the ranks, however brave• In the Navy, Royal Marines, and Artillery, the officers rise from the rank of midshipmen (aspirant de vaisscau) and cadets. Population 23,400,000 inhabitants, viz., 7,500,000 inhabitants Ireland ; and Scotland 2 300,000 inhabitants. Standing army,125,000 men ; navy, 20,000 men ; marines, 10,000 ; ships of war, 545 of various rates. SPAlN.—Population, 13,000,000 inhabitants ; army, 80,000 men ; navy none ; very fertile. PoaTuGAL.—Population, 3,850,000 inhabitants ; army, 30,000 men ; navy small ; very fertile. ROMAN ST ATES.—Population, 2,500,000 ; army, 10,000 men; navy small ; very fertile. SARDlNlA.—Population, 4,400,000 inhabitants ; army, 48,000 men ; navy small ; very fertile. SlClLY.—Population, 7,430,000 inhabitants ; army, 55,000 men ; navy small ; very fertile. GREECE.—Population, 750,000 inhabitants ; army, 6,500 men ; rich in fruit, silks, &c. TURKEY.—Population,2o,ooo,oo o inhabitants ; army, 100.000 men ; rich in fruit, silks, &c. PERSlA.—Pllfulation, 9,500,000 inhabitants ;h r y 95.000 men ; rich in fruit, silks, &c. Morocco.—Population, 6,100,000 inhabitants ; army, 25,000 men. A MERICA (SOUTll).—Population, 39,000,000—viz., 14,600.000 whites, 10,000,000 Indians, 7,400,000 black, and 7,000,000 other castes. UNITED STATES.—Population, 11,900.000 inhabi tants ; army, 7,000 men ; a largo commercial navy. BruziLs.—Population, 5,000,000 inhabitants, army, 30,000 men ; fertile in grain, fruit, gold, and precious stones. MExico.—Population, 7,500,000 inhabitants ; army, 25,000 men : fertile in grain, fruit, gold, and precious stones. PARAGUAY.—Population,2so,ooo inhabitants ; army, 5,000 men ; fertile in grain, Fruit, gold, and precious stones. PERU.—Population, 1,700,000 inhabitants ; army, 10,000 men. HArrt.--Population, 880,000 inhabitants ; army, 45,000 men. INDlA.—Population, 139,000,000 inhabitants ; army, 230,000 men?, CHlNA.—Population, 175,000,000 inhabitants; army, 920,000 men. JAPAN. w Population, 25,000,000 inhabitants ; army, 120,000 Linn. StAst.—Population, 3,600,000 inhabitants ; army, 30,000 men. OCEANIA in the maritime world, consisting of New Zualand, and all the other islands, forming the fifth part of the globe, population, 20,500,000 inhabitants. PETER PRIGGINS, THE COLLEGE SCOUT.- An extraordinary degree of curiosity exists, it is said, in certain circles, as to the authorship of this work, just pro duced under the editorial auspices of Mr. Thodore [look. We arc not surprised at this, for the writer's revelations of College life are at once so truthful, so satirical, so piquant, and apparently so full of personal hits, that Oxford must be quite in an mettle at his disclosures. No work, perhaps, has ever appeared in which so much sarcastic wit has been brought to bear on the follies of all classes, and in so humorous a manner, that while the " galled jade winces" under the lash of the redoubtable Peter Priggins, the withers" of his feeders are most unmercifully " wrung," with almost inextinguishable laughter. Phi; the well known illustrator of " Nicholas Nickleby," &c. has lent his aid to Peter, in delineating the comicalities of Oxford life, and his sketches, particularly " Mr. Leg's Lecturing," and " Tite Cut Direct, or Oxford Etiquette," are worthy of Cruikshank. THE WALSALL ELECTION.—The annals o, Parliamentary elections do not present so remarkable a contest as that which occupies the borough of Walsall— exciting the anxious attention of all England, and affecting the chief interests of Europe and the whole world. Fur the first time in the history of British elections an open constituency is proceeding to return a representative to Parliament without reference to political considerations. For the first time since the name of party was known a contest is being carried on without reference—on the one side, at least—to parties or party questions. For the first time within the memory of recent generations a stranger candidate has taken the field and become popularly adopted without having been called upon to avow himself a Reformer or a Tory, a Churchman or a Dissenter; or, in short, the advocate or opponent of any measure or question save one. Mr. J. B. Smith takes his stand upon the question of Food alone; and addresses in his behalf are pouring into Walsall from all parts of the kingdom, subscribed with the names of Whigs, Tories, and Radicals ; Churchmen, Catholics, and Dissenters ; rich and poor, mechanic and merchant, labourer and land owner—one and all declaring their conviction of the para mount importance of that question over every other comi deration.—Staprdshire Lxatnitter. KEEPING PoTAToEs.—When potatoes are ridged up ready for covering, let a little straw or dry tern be spread over them, after which let a foot thick of earth be added, chopped, or otherwise rendered as fine as coal ashes ; let neither a foot tread it nor spade beat it, but leave the whole as light as the soil will admit of ; but where the soil is naturally stiff a greater thickness of it must be added, and the sides of the ridges be left as steep as possible, and the lighter the soil is put on, the more frost will it keep out. The reason is obvious enousA, for when light soil is laid on steep ridges, rain never enters deeper, perhaps, than two or three inehaa, it being held in a kind of solution with the ine earth by capillary attraction ; or, in other words, the air in the light soil keeps the rain from sinking, consequently it runs down the side of the ridges, and keeps the interior of the mass as dry as possible, and of course the frost never enters to a great depth. When the soil is troth:en or otherwise made firm, the air beats out of it, every drop of rain enters and sinks through the whole mass, then frost takes the liberty to follow.—Scotsman. NAPIER IN BATTLE.—A letter just received from the Bay of Marmorice—the writer on board one of the ships—says that they were all there—a noble fleet, nearly all Stopford's first ships. "On Napiet's arrival he was received with cheers from the ships, that echoed through the mountains far and wide. lie (Napier) led the storming party at Sidon in a round hat, round jacket, trousers much too short for him, with a cudgel in his hand, and accompanied by his in separable companion—it dog, between the bull-dog and terrier breeds, called • Pow,' in honour of the ship. This dog is a wondrous favourite, and remarkable for Ins courage and wit—he shuts doors, rings bells, &c. &c., besides fighting." WOOLWICH-FRIDAY. Information reached Woolwich on Wednesday of ti:fs death of Lieut. Popham, of the Royal Horse Artillery, on the i3OLli ult., at Florence, whilst travelling on the Continent. The deceased was 28 years of age, and had been ill nine days. A Committee of Officers, consisting of Lieut.-Colonel Wallace, Captains Pascoe and Morris, assembled on the I lth instant, to investigate a report on the claims made for clothes destroyed or damaged at the late fire on Woolwich-common. Captain Williams having been appointed to a parti cular service in the East, Captain Gossett takes charge of Major Sinclair's company, Bth battalion, until further orders. The non-commissioned officers and men placed on the pension list by the Commissioners of Chelsea Hospital were discharged on the 13th instant, by order of the Master-General. NAVAL INTELLIGENCE. (From the Hanzpshire 7'clegraph.) H.M. 7 PORTSMOUTH, JAN. IG:—Litters from M onz Lieutenant Commander Henry Broadhead, dated Ac_:ra, Ist October, state the present slip's company to he a:1 healthy ; but great apprehensions ware enter tained for the safety of Mr. Slade, mate of the Lynx, who, with some of the crew, was left on the 12th of March, off Lagos, in charge of a Portuguese schooner prize, bound to Sierra Leone. This vessel called at Prince's Island for water, and has not since been heard of. It was feared, from the length of time which had elapsed since that period, she had been upset in one of the heavy tornadoes prevalent at that season of the year, and that every soul had perished. The head-quarters and baggage of the 42d regi ment, under the command of Lieut.-Colonel Johnstone, ..mbarked on Monday and Tuesday last at Cork, on board the Atholl, troop-ship, Mr. Bellamy commander, for Corfu. The Viper brigantine was put out of commission on Thursday, and her crew allowed leave of absence. The Sulphu r an d St ir li ng arr i ve d a t Si nga p ore on the 15th October, and were - lying there on the :25th. The crew of the Rapid have been paid wages this day, and granted ten days' leave. The new steam-vessel Driver left this port yesterday. for Woolwich, in tow of the Fearless stelmer, but put back in the evening. The Pluto steamer arrived to-day from the eastward, with a few volunteers for the Indus ; she will go to Plymouth with a few others for the Impregnable, and is ultimately intended to accompany Captain Trotter's three iron steamers to the mouth of the Niger river. The Phconix steam-vessel, Commander Richardson, was paid wages on Wednesday, and is still waiting for orders to proceed to Malta. The Avon steamer sailed on Thursday, for Plymouth, with newly raised seamen. In Harbour—Queen, Victory, Indus, Excellent, Royal George, Tweed, Phoenix, Rapid, Apollo troop ship, Pluto, Alban, Fearless, and Echo steamers, Cracker tender. At Spithead—Driver. A Court-martial was held on Saturday last at Ply mouth on hoard the San Josef, in Hamoaze, on George Hobbs, the gunner of' the Pigeon packet. The priso ner was arraigned on four charges. First—being drunk and disorderly ; 2d, repeated drunkenness ; 3d, for insubordination, and disobedience of orders ; and 4th, for striking his superior officer, Daniel Braily, master of the Pigeon, while in the execution of his duty. The prisoner pleaded guilty to all the charges. Daniel Braily deposed as lollows :—I am master of the Pigeon packet ; in consequence of the prisoner's repeated drunkenness and disobedience of orders, I had written for a court-martial on him. On the third of January he came into my cabin and asked me if I would with draw the letter, I said, certainly not, and that he had received a deal of kindness from my hands ; the priso tor used very foul language to me, and struck me several times. There was a boy with me in the cabin at the time : I called out for the boatswain's mate, who came with three or four men to my rescue, just in time to save me from being struck again by the prisoner. The prisoner had me by the collar at the time I was rescued. The boy who was in the cabin corroborated the state ment of the master. The Court deliberated nearly two hours, and on its re-opening the Judge Advocate read over the charges, and pronounced the prisoner guilty : he sentenced him to be hung at the yard-arm of one of H.M.S. in Hamoaze. The prisoner expressed a hope that in consideration of his long servitude, and its being the first offence, the Court would recommend him to mercy. The President, Rear-Admiral Warren, said the Court regretted that their duty was imperative, but that they would recommend him to mercy. APPOINTMENTS. Lieutenant—W. C. Nowell, to the Powerful. Assistant•Surgeons—R. Willcox (acting), to the Phoenix, vice Callaghan ; Dr. W. Scott (acting), to the Queen. Masters' Assistant—James Milton, to the Avon. Clerk—J. A. Messum, to the Phwnix. First Engineer—W. Richardson to the Pliconix, vice Marshall. Second Engineer—John Henty, to the Phoenix. Carpenter—W. Lee, to the Victory, vice Reynolds ; Edward Bulley, Carpenter's Mate of the Viper, to be Acting Carpenter, and borne on the Victory. ROYAL MARlNES.—Captain David Marley, to the rank of Lieut.-Colouel, vice Walker, deceased ; First Lieutenant William Gordon to the rank of Captain, vice Marley ; Second Lieutenant E. T. H. Ussher, to be first Lieutenant. Vv Lieutenant Stephen Bradley (1838), so highly spoken of by Commodore Napier, in his despatches of the 9.5 th and 29th September, and 13th October last, for his gallant conduct on the coast of Spain, is pro moted to the rank of Commander.—Commission dated the Ist instant, on which he completed his two years' sea service as Lieutenant. (From the Hampshire Independent.) PORTSMOUTH, JAN. 16.—The Athol, troop ship, ar rived at the Cove of Cork, on the Bth inst., from this port, to embark troops for the Mediterranean. The Apollo, troop ship, Mr. W. 'iVhite, master commanding, goes out of harbour to-morrow morning, and sails immediately to Cork, to embark troop for Malta. First Lieutenant Craig, R.M., was a passenger on board the Thamei Dublin steamer, when she was lost a few days since off Scilly. The crews of the Rapid, Avon, and Viper, have given a day's pay to the widows and orphans of the late crew of the Fairy. MORTALITY in the METROPOLIS. The following are the results of " A Table of Mortality in the Metropolis, showing the Number of Deaths from all Causes Registered, in the week ending Saturday, the 9th January, 1841." The Table is issued, from the Office of the Registrar-General:— Weekly CAUSES OF DEATH. Total. Average 1833-9-40. Epidemic, Endemic, and Contagious Diseases 227 204 Diseases of the Brain, Nerves, and Senses 163 151 Diseases of the Lungs, and other Organs of Respiration Diseases of the Ilea-t and Bloodvessels Diseases of the Stomach, Liver, and other , . .... Organs of Digestion 72 60 Diseases of the Kidneys, &c. Childbed, Diseases of the Uterus, &c. Diseases of the Joints, Bones, and Muscles ._.. Diseases of the Skin, &c 1 1 Diseases of Uncertain Seat Old Age, or Natural Decay llO 71 Deaths by Violence, Privation, or Intemperance :19 25 Causes not specified Deaths from all causes _ ___ ll9l Average Weekly Deaths .. 926 Deaths in the Average Weekly Week. Deaths, 1838-940. Western Districts ... 165 139 North Districts CentrarDistricts 260 ..... 190 East Districts 267 ...... 211 South Districts . Total 1191 926 It is stated that under the term Metropolis are com prised the 32 districts herein mentioned, which include the City cf London within and without the walls, the City and Liberties of Westminster, the out parishes within the bills of mortality--and the parishes of St. Marylebone ; St. Pancras ; Kensington; Fulham ; Hammersmith (Chapelry) ; St. Luke, Chelsea ; Paddington ; St. Mary, Stoke Newington • St. Leonard, Bromley ; St. Mary-le how ; Camberwell% Greenwich ; St. Nicholas and St. Nut, Deptford; and Woolwich. The population as enu merated in 1831 was 1,594,890. The weekly average for 1838, 1839, 1840, was obtained by dividing the deaths in the three year by 166. General Register-office, Jan. 14, 1841. CONVICTIONS FOR TIIE MURDER AT THE Casa.—The Circuit Court of Beaufort, Cape of Good Hope, was occupied on the 14th September last, with the trial of Jan Lodewyk du Preez and Arnoldus, for the murder of Marie Darics, and Jacob Jacobus Johannes Diederiks for being accessory before the fact. It appeared from the evidence, which was taken at considerable length, that the prisoner, Du Prey!, in company with Arnoldus, had deliberately fired at the deceased with a gun, and that the ball had passed through the head, wind pipe, and ribs, inflicting mortal wounds on those and other parts of her body. The prisoner Diederiks was charged with being accessory to the crime, by inciting the other prisoners to its commission, as it appeared, for the sake of being revenged upon Andries Daries, the father of the poor girl, Diederiks, having some short time previously? been cast in damages for an assault upon him. The evi dence was, in this respect, however, defective, and the Jury found the two principals guilty, but acquitted Diode riks. Immediately upon the verdict being returned, the Judge sentenced Du Preez and Arnoldus to be hanged by the neck until they were dead. Du Preez had at first pleaded guilty, but was, by the Court, recommended to re tract this plea, and take the benefit of a trial in the regu lar course. The culprit Du Preez was only fifteen years of age, and was believed to have been an instrument in hands morally more guilty than himself. MR. VINCENT STANTON, PRISONER IN CIIINA..—Mr. Thomas Stanton, the brother of this gentle men, gives the following account of him :—lt is now about three years since, while he was a student of St John's Col lege, Cambridge, that his attention was first directed to the benighted condition, of the millions of China. His more immediate friends felt their duty to repress, at any rate for a time, the missionary flame which burnt so bright within him. But it was all in vain. He soon offered his ser vices to the Church Missionary Society, but not being in a condition to extend their operations in that quarter of the globe, his services were •bligingly declined. At that critical moment he was offered the charge of two sons of the late Mr. IL Turner, a British merchant at Canton ; and feeling as I know he did, that it was an evi dent call from God, he accepted the offer, and accompa nied his pupils to China. Soon after his arrival there, Mr. Turner died, and it was his mournful duty to read the burial service over his remains. This rnelanchel) event led to the return of his pupils, But, unwilling to be diverted from his missionary work, my brother re mained behind, where since then he has been with single ness of heart devoting his little property to the further ance of his heavenly Master's work. Her Majesty will, we learn, open the approach ing sessiJn of Parliament in person. SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS. (FROM THE DAILY PAPERS OF SATURDAY.) (From the illornihg Chronicle.) Tile 'tranquillity of Canada continues uninterrupted, and the latest intelligence adds nothing to our previous descriptions of the satilactory progress of things towards good government under the United Legislature. It is satisfactory to know that emigration to the Canadas has begun to revive. The number of em'grants arrived at Quebec in the year 1839, was 7,439 ; being more than t vice the number in the previous year ; and the emi gration of 1840, the returns for which are not yet re ceived, presents also, as we understand, a considerable increase. The Governor-General is fully alive to the importance of promoting the settlement of the country by means of a good system of the disposal of the public lands. In Lower Canada grants and sales by auction have been discontinued, and waste land is now sold at the uniform price of six shillings per acre ; a price per bans as high as could well have been fixed, with out incurring the hazard of driving the settlers into the United States, Lord Sydenhain has reported to the Home Government his conviction of the propriety of adopting, as soon as practicable, the valuable sugges tions for coloniz ition contained in Lord Durham's Re port (Appendix B). A material feature, lice.vever, in the plan proposed in that Report, is one Which cannot he carried into effect without legislative aid, viz., the imposition of a tax on all uncleared lands. It is true that the right of the Crown to the disposal of the pub lic lands has been reserved by the Act of Union, but this right does not of course enable the Crown to im pose a general land-tax, nor has the Crown by any means the power of raising an aesluate emigration fund, without the co-operation of the Legislature. Lord J. Russell has therefore intimated his wish that the whole subject should be brought before the united Legis lature of Canada,•with a view to a permanent plan for the encouragement of immigration, and the Governor- General will accordingly *bring it forward at an . early period. That some comprehensive measure of the kind will be adopted there can be little doubt. Indeed, pre vious to the Act of Union, the Assembly of Upper Canada had addressed the Crown, declaring their res- diness to concur in the appropriation of the land sales in that province to purposes of colonisation. Lord Sydenham has already done so much for the peace of Canada, and has introduced so many important practical reforms by his system of registration, and the establishment of municipal institutions, that he need not fear charges of inactivity, or of having retarded measures of public improvement. He may well afford to be indifferent to the censures of those who accuse of remissness one of the most diligent Governors that ever exercised the Royal authority:He need not fear the idle tales reported to his disparage ment in the Colonial Gazette, which as the Gazette itself disbelieves (though it does not scruple to give them circulation), we may well receive with utter in credulity. Nothing is easier than to impute ground less enmities and private piqnes to public men, who are not in a situation to reply to such accusations, or indeed to enter into controversy at all with the public press. If the Colonial Gazette really thinks it probable that Lord Sydenham would go out of his way to injure any persons in this country, on the grounds insinuated, why does it not state plainly who are the parties ag grieved, and what is the grievance ? ( From the Morning Advertiser.) Fortunately the triumphant success which has crowned our policy and arms abroad, affords to the Imperial Legislature ample opportunity and scope for concen trating its attention upon the consideration of those causes which have produced so much dangerous dis content and agitation at home. If the most virulent of the opponents of our foreign administration be not lost to all sense of self-respect and decency, they will remain prudently silent rather than provoke discussions which must tend only to confirm the exalted and proud opinion which the nation entertains at least towards that department of its Goverment, and to cover with shame—if they be sensible of such sensation—and con fusion, in which they make themselves worse confounded, those who so insensately and inveterately opposed and denounced a course of action which they had neither the foresight to comprehend nor the capacity to execute. Vic tory rests upon or hovers over our banners is all parts of the world—from east to west—from north to south—from China to Canada—from St. Petersburg to Alexandria— in Constantinople, Syria, and Central Asia, exist the glo rious records of the judicious, vigorous, and effective manner in which our foreign and colonial policy has been recently directed. Years of Tory misrule, rapa city, and imbecility, have received a most salutary cor rective in the sound, straightforward, and unswerving guidance which presided over British diplomacy in that glorious era of its annals-1840. Now let us look at home. The prospect is by no means so cheering. On the contrary, it is beset with perils, stratagems, and treasons, which must strike the stoutest statesman with apprehension. We have the peril of insurrection in our provinces and rural districts—we have Tory stratagems, corm ptions,:and frauds, which make that peril more immi nent—we have treason in the very camp where we might expect friends—we have Chartists enforcing, or attempt ing to enforce, abstract but irrapplicable-rights by physi cal force—we have Liberal statesmen withholding those rights to which even a tyrant expediency can give no effective denial—and, finally, we have eight mil lions of the Irish people vociferating for that right upon which no abstract principle of justice can put a nega tive—the right of self-government, or rather local legis lation—for it it is not sql-gorcrnment, but local legis lation which Mr. O'Connell proposes by a Repeal of the Union." The representative principle may be as effectively asserted in England as in Ireland. It is a matter of contemptible indifference, whether the representatives of Ireland assemble in College green or St. Stephen's ; if it represent faithfully the people whom it is supposed to represent, it may as semble in Kamtschatka or the Torrid Zone, and the laws which it promulgates will prove equally bene ficial to the country with whose affairs it is en trusted. Absenteeism is, no doubt, an evil, and Ire land in its depressed state grievously suffers by it ; but had Ireland a fair representation—not in the pre sent Parliament, but in a Parliament fairly repre senting the people of Great Britain—she might regard her absentees as so many useless outcasts. It is not they who draw away the rents of Ireland that should be regarded as the basis of its wealth or prosperity ; but they who labour for the production of that rent. What care the industrial classes where their Parliament assemble, if they have even anything like a fair field of exertion, and a fair mart for their labour and its pro duce. " A full and fair representation of the British people," and not a " Repeal of the Union with England," should be the watchword of Mr. O'Connell. It is just and judicious laws, and not a local habita tion for its law-makers, that is essential to the well being of a country. The Repeal of the Union, as it has yet appeared before the country, is sheer farce or pantomime, of which Mr. O'Connell is the over grown harlequin. He strikes his magic wand on one side, and up starts " Repeal ;" on the other, and " Pre cursor" occupies its place ; then "Repeal" again, and so on to the end of Government patronage ; and then Ireland will awake, after dozing over the per formance, and ask—" What is it it has gained by the exhibition ?" What must in such case be the reply ? Mr. O'Connell gained Catholic Emancipation and im mortalized himself, and for the rest of his life, despair ing of effecting anything greater, he trafficked with his fame, deluded his countrymen with false expectations, and forfeited one of the most glorious occasions that ever offered to any man of regenerating and elevating an empire. Such will be Mr. O'Connell's history, un less he change his policy. " A single step into the right bath made This man the Washington of worlds betrayed : A single step into the left has given His name a by-word to the winds of heaven." The opportunity is yet open to him of effecting ob jects greater than any he has yet accomplished. We trust be will avail himself of it. And in reference to the approaching Session of Parliament we trust all par ties will prove worthy of and adequate to the responsi bility of their position. The country will be no longer deluded by pretences. (From the Globe.) We yesterday devoted some space to an illustration of the " public services" of Lord Strangford, for which we were indebted to the columns of the Times ; and which we put forth to exemplify the worth of the recommendation which the same Journal furnished to the son, founded on the eminent public services of the father, in order to aid him in his attempt to enter Par liament as Member for Canterbury. We will to-dav employ a brief space on the other candidate, for whose success the Times, in the same article, evinces a deep interest. Mr. Gladstone, the Tory candidate for Wal sall, is thus introduced and strongly recommended : " The name of Gladstone is identified with almost every quality which can adorn the man or the statesman; and it also furnishes an unexceptionable guarantee for a perfect ac quaintance with those commercial interests upon which the prosperity of such a constituency as that of ‘Valsall depends. Mr. Gladstone's personal qualifications, there fore, would have led us to take a deep interest in his sue. testa, whoever might have been his opponent. We think that this is carrying relationship a little too far. For, although the Member for Newark may have "almost every quality which can adorn the man or the statesman," one family seldom produces two such prodigies ; nor do we see any reason for supposing that the commercial interests of Walsall are better under stood at Liverpool than at Manchester. There are some points on which the name of Gladstone would cer tainly carry more weight than that of trade, Smith. For in stance : the number of bows a p riests ltouldmak e e c. at i t rly the altar, and the pr ecise sha p e of a deacon's hood. Did the electors of Walsall o r r eq t u il i e re a Member peculiarly versed • the name re commendation a scheme rs for the supply st ofeGeida di ns t °t. nhee"wouldmyer e s be a of pure water, it w would and be o irre sistible! But we believe the electors. of Walsall look upon cheap bread as more important than dear sugar ; and that,no leaning though t f o ri w en ards dly to the Chur c h, they have P also look forward to th e result of u s eP t i h si e n. contest Ne V with considerable hope, partly from the favourable reports we have received, and still more from the anger 01 tho Tim; at the activity of the Anti-Corn-law M gt - . ORNING EDITI‘ • - „, , 44 League.— , ' It roay be 4 tlin.Ooil tit rgit:c.+4ole,lll., --, to consider, whether individuals sha 7.py*6-t-ttl* : : 3. ~... combine in an organized society fo/i- .O.rM ": 7.! . . "'' ) fluencing elections in so shameless 4 ii x , 0P,V 7 4 . ' :. a manner as this." Tile leaguers cat - 4 ), 0 -13 1 ii 64 41: 7 only. They are combined for the 4111 , ci )1 j11 5 ?_ 1 ;: s ' .. cheep bre::d I All their influences rtase-" direct. They have no power, by doing wt&E • with their own, to turn those who vote against their eXt didate out of doors. This makes their influence, in the eyes of the Times, " shameless and unconstitutional," in contradistinction from the constitutional and modest practices at Newark and Carlow. (From the Standard.) The Conservatives of North Leicestershire held their annual festival at Ashby-de-la-Zouch on Thurs day. Many excellent speeches were delivered upon the occasion, which our readers will find in the report, borrowed from the Times, in our first page. Among these speeches that of Mr. Gough will be found to hold a distinguished place : and one passage of it bears so directly upon considerations that have lately eng,,,%ed our attention, that we cannot forego the pleasure ,If quoting it : " lie was not the advocate of a blind anti slavish homage to party or persons ; much less did he admire the servile worshippers of every political rising sun. lie cared not whether Sir Robert Peel or Lord Melbourne were Prime Minister, provided the Noble 1,-rd did not promote and support measures which he believed not only danger - is but fatal to the best interests of the country. His unal terable conviction was, that a Protestant Monarchy and a Whig Government could not amalgamate or lung co-exist. _-(Cheers.) lie considered modern Whiggery to be a compound of absolute tyranny, democracy, and Popery, alike fatal to a Protestant Monarchy and the welfare and happiness of a Protestant community.—( Cheers. )'; This expresses faithfully and eloquently the sense of the great body of the Conservatives of England. They hate and dread the present Government, as threat cr.- ing danger to the Monarchy and to the Protestant in terest ; but they are indifferent to a change, until they have an assurance that the succeeding Government )c ill be more firmly devoted to the preservation of thos ,, ob jects of their care. The present state of parties in Parliament is this. We have, on one side, a Ministry feebly supported, and willing to do anything or to sub mit to' anything, for the sake of retaining their offices —perhaps naturally disposed to evil, but restrained from the indulgence of their natural bad disposition by a powerful Conservative opposition—eve have, on the other side, that opposition, the great body of it animated by the hest spirit, and the whole acting admirably as an opposition, and effectually , controlling the ill tendencies of the Government, and the worse designs of the Government supporters. This surely is not an unsatisfactory position of affairs to men wl:o look for nothing beyond the safety of the Constitution in Church and State, displeasing us it may be to the hunters after office. Let us see, on the other timid, what a change might bring. It might load to a compromising, under the name of a Conserva tive Government, to a Government possessed with the feeling of Lord Ellenhorough, who would rather sacrifice the Protestant Church, or the Reformation itself, than encounter another " Catholic question ;" to a Government, in short, which has but one tactic in the face of an opponent—retreat or surrender. Would the prospects of those who, with Mr. Gough, bestow their first care on " the safety of a Protestant Monarchy and the welfare of a Protestant community," be improved by such a change ? We say that they would be made a great deal WOrEr.% MONEY MARKET and crrY NEWS - (11i1DAY EVLNING.) TIMES.—In another place will be found the offi cial publication respecting the position and operations of the Bank of France as plblished in a late number of the Moniteui. It is divided into four separate arti cles under the following heads .- 1. Balance-sheet of the Bank of France, and the actual state of its affairs on the 30th ult. 2. Average position of the Bank during the last three months. 3. Operations realized during the last three month. 4. Result of the operations of the Bank daring the Last six months. From the first articlo, which contains the actual po sition of the Bank, it appears that on the 30th ult. the specie in the BAnk amounted to 233,233,751 V., the bills discounted to 1.55,876,120 f. ; the loans on bullion and coin to 23,780,100 t. ; and the advances on public se curities to 8,380,621 f. On the other side of the account it appears that the notes in circulation amounted to 241,662,0101. The balance due to the Treasury upon account current (deposit account), to 106,106,623 f., and the balance due upon sundry private accounts current (deposit ac counts), to 70,724 0431. It appears, therefore, that the specie in the Bank is only 5,438,2581. s'.;ort of the amount of the notes in circulation. The following are compfativc results. By comparing the present return under this first head with the return under the same head of the ZlOth of September last, there is a decrease in the actual amount of specie of 22,202,3351., a decrease in the amount of bills under discount of 1,624,828 f., a decrease in the loans on bullion of 4,856,1001., a decrease is the loans on public securities of 736,795 f., an increase in the circu lation of 14,384,0101., a decrease in the deposits of the Treasury of 9 231,8441., and a decrease in the private deposits of 6,661,913 f. this, as regards the first bead of the return. From what is stated under the second head, which regards the average position of thu Bank during the preceding three months, it appears, among other things, that The average amount of specie in the coffers of the Bank during the preceding three months was 234,271,0001. ; and therefore, by comparing this with the first head, it appears that the actual amount of specie on the 30th ult. is short of the average of the three months in 1,047,248 f. It then appears that the average amount of bills dis counted during the preceding three months was 145,831,500 f., which is 10,044,6101. less than the amount actually under discount on the 30th of De cember. On the other side of the account it appears that the average of the notes in circulation during the preceding three months was 234,859,000 f., which is 6,803,0101. less than the actual amount of the circulation on the 30th of December. It further appears that the average balance duo to the Treasury on account current (deposits of the Govern ment), during the three months was 115,784 500''„ which exceeds by 9,677,877!. the actual amount of the Government deposits on the 80th of December. And, finally, it appears that the average amount of private deposits during the three months was 77,689,5001., which exceeds by 6,965,457 f. the actual amount of the Government deposits on the :30th of De cember. The third head contains a summary of tue act►,a. ope rations of the Bank during the preceding three months. and from this it appears : 1. That the operations relating to discounts, loans on bullion, and advances on public securities, Francs. amount to .2. That the movement of the private deposit account amounted to 2,543,023 ,600 And the movement of the Govern ment deposits And from the other side of the account, which re lates to the general movement of the offices, it appears — That the receipts in specie amounted Francs. to 100,735,300 In notes to That the payments in specie amounted to 120,696 ,900 ln notes to And that the liquidations by means of transfers from one account to an other amounted to 1,742,897,700 From this we may perceive the amazing activity of the deposits. the T Bank, and which appear to willa clear c an referred expl explicit, t, at a t time e y evidently nervations, B be a n fo k r d t e u h x r during head, which esht fur six re a l s a t r e e s g months, a t r o d. s th t e e h a e l7s P e for r p a t t nns operations s s b o o .: nd i tte ve n a ia n n w a u g n e all engaged in the study of banking peculiar affairs. ' Theynothing. This is the sort of return which conceal amounted to should have been required from the Bank of England These . docu sta e rb n ey ts on the renewal of the charter, which would have been n 4 f 7 1 2 1 :.5 e 16f. inf i n i te l y more useful than those periodical averages, which serve rather to mystify than to enlighten the public. It is observed by the leading brokers in the Stock. Ev_diange, that the disposition of the public to in vest money in foreign securities has greatly dimi nished, if it has not altogether ceased. Hence, as all the money for investment is brought to the Eng lish market, and even French stock is sold out for that purpose, a new demand for stock, especially Consols, has been created, which gives the parti cular feature to the settling of this day, as in some quarters a slight difficulty has been found in procuring stock, while money is so little in request that. it is very hard to lend it to any advantage in the Stock Exchange. Altogether the fluctuations in the market during this account have been above the usual average (the lowest quotation being 87-1-, and the highest 89i) ; and, although the business transacted has been of some extent, it is remarked that the public has taken little interest and dealt very sparingly during it. 'lie prin cipal operations have been between the regular jobbers, who sold freely at low prices in the early part of the account, anticipating that the fundholders, alarmed by the threatening aspect of external politics end the ap prehension of foreign loans, would be induced to part with their stock, and enable the dealers to repurchase at lower prices than those at which they had sold. In this, however, they seem to have been disappointed. The public never exhibited such alarm as to sell largely, but, on the contrary, appeared as buyers at the low quotations, and the jobbers arc generally sup- GENERAL. ORDER. January 14, 1841. The :Mister-Generll is much gratified in makin7 known to the Royal Artillery an extract from a dispatch addressed to Brigadier-Gener.►l Mitchell by the Right lion. Lord Palmerston, expressing the approbation of her Majesty's Government at the good conduct of a detachment of the Royal Artillery, under Lieutenant- Coloncl Rigging in the recent operations against Acre, (Signed) H. D. ROSS, Colonel, Deputy Adjutant-General. Extract.—" I have to express to the officers and ❑,en, who, under S:r Charles Smith's command, were employed in the operations against Acre, the great satis faction which her Majesty's Government have felt at the important results achieved by the capture of that fortress, the approbation of her Majesty's Government of the share which the officers and men took•in the at tack, and of the zeal and activity displayed by them in repairing the defences of the place after its capture. (Signed) "PA ERS TON." Mr. Harrison: barrack sergeant, delivered two lec tures on his system of mental arithmetic, at the Royal Arti lery Institution, on Wednesday and Thursday, by permission of the Commandant. There was a full at tendance of officers at the institution. NAVAL INTELLIGENCE. The Soudan, iron steam vessel, Commander Bird Allen, left Woolwich for Deptford, on Saturday, where she will receive stores for the Niger expedition. One non-commissioned officer, arid eight sappers and mi ners, have volunteered for this service, and will embark at Deptford. ROYAL ARSENAL. The Mary Ann lighter was employed on Tuesday in conveying 5,000 thirty-two pounder shot from the Ar senal to a vessel in the Docks about to sail for the East Indies. _ _ The Chalton lighter was employed on the same day conveying 2,000 eight•inch shells to be put on board a vessel in the Docks under orders for the East India Company's service. The Queen, ordnance sloop, arrived on Wednesday, from Purfleet, with a cargo of gunpowder to be made up for service by the workmen in the Royal Arsenal. SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE. (LLOYD'S.) LONDON, JAN. 16.—1 t blew very bard in squalls during the night from the Eastward, and rained very fast after rnidaight. Wind this day at noon light at S.E., with light rain. DEAL, JAN. 15.—Wind N. N. W.—Sailed the Walker, Reay, for Calcutta ; Dream, Squire, Cape of Good Hope ; and Harrington, Mercer, New Zealand. POUTSMOUTII, JAN. 15. —Wind N. N. W. to E. S. E. A mahogany binnacle stand, marked with a broad arrow, has been picked up twenty-five miles S. S.E. of Bern bridge Ledge. WirITSTABLE, JAN. 15.—Part of the wreck of the Lochiel, which was burnt on the Maples Sand, is being towed into the 13ay. CLYDE, JAN.l 3 .—Sai l e dthe Rebecca, Stewart, for Trinidad ; Reliance, Tuzo, ditto ; Elizabeth, Allen Jr• maica. CocK, JAN. 13.—Arrived the Rising Sun, Christian, Laguira; Shelmlere, Morris. St. John's, New Brunswick'. PLymorvit, JAN. 14.—Wind S. E. to N. E., strong gales.—Arrived the Factory, Janson, from Batavia; Com modore, Campbell, Santa Martha. FALMOUTH, JAN. 13.—Wind S. to N. E.—Arrived the Hannah, Handley, from Taganrog. The Spey packet, which sailed hence on the 17th of October ftir Havannuir, Belize, and Mexico, struck on a coral reef in the Bahama Channel, en the 24th of November, and became a total wreck. The crew, passengers, mails, and stores arc saved. CORK, JAN. 13.—The Shelrolere, Morris, arrived here from St. John's, New Brunswick, encountered very severe weather, damaged her rudder, head sprung, and loss of sails, &c. KINSALE, JAN. 12. —Arrived the Trinidad, Brown, from Honduras. REDCAA, JAN. 14. —A sloop, supposed the George, from Newcastle to Stockton, in making the Tees, on the 12th instant, was seen to go down. SHIELDS, JAN. 14 —The Hehe and Crown of this port, coal laden, were dr.ven on the Hint Sand this morning. The latter àas been gut off after discharging part of her cargo. HUNIBEk, JAN. 14.—Arrived the Helena, Lody, from St. Domingo. LivEitrooL, JAN. 15.—Wind S. E.—Arrived the Coo ington, Holbrook, from Charleston. Sailed the Agenora, Gifney, for Mobile. The Antelope has been condemned at Prince's Island. The Colchester, Withers, arrived here from Bombay, experienced a hurricane for ten hours on the 28th ult., in lat. 41, lon. 9 4. DOVER, JAN. 15 —Arrived off port, the Vulcan, Pa trick, from the Mauri'iii., VESSEL 3 SPOKEN WITIL.The Wilberforce, of Liver pool, with loss of ma i n - topsa il -yar d , 3d u lt., lat. 44, long. 35; Charlea Clark e , S t . J ago d o C u ba, to Swansea. Ist inst., lat. 46, long. 34 ; R a j a h , J ava t o Falmouth, same day, by the Monk e y, arr i ve d at F a l mou th. Lady Douglas. Vera Cruz to Co ngre , s, 10t h N ov , w ithin iis hcurs' sail of the latter plac e ; Republic, Liverpool to New York, at York, L'd inst., lat. 48, long, 28, by the Rising Sun , arr ived Cork. Zeph)r, C u b a to L on d on , l a t. 51, long. 23, by the Trinidad, Brown, arr i ve d at Ki nsa l e . Joseph Chiutell, of London, 21st ult., o ff C ape d e G a tt, by the Julia, ar rived at Milford. A FATHER DROWNED WHILE EKDEAVOUR ISO TO RESCUE MI SON.—About four o'clock on Friday afternoon last John Halstead, a boy about fifteen years of age, while in a boat which was near one of the locks of the canal at Ashton-under-L)ne, owing to the slippery state of the boat, fell into the canal, His father, wrho was on the canal bank at the time, immediately threw• off his frock, jumped into the :water, and endeavoured to get to his son, but being unable to swim got out of his ..lepth. lie sank and rose again two or three times, and there dis appeared altogether. In the mean time the boy clue tg to the boat, and Thomas Hill, a boatman, jumped downt."4,m the lock, got hold of him, and pulled him out. Immedi ste search was made for the body of the father, but half roLn hour elapsed before it was discovered, when we hardy need add life was quite extinct. An inquest was held ust the body of the unfortunate man, whose name is Henry Halstead, on Monday, before Mr. Chapman, the coroner, when the above circumstances were stated, and the Jury returned a verdict of " Accidental Death." Chester Chronicle CRIMINAL LUNATICS.—Messrs. Mayo and S ou they, the physicians appointed by the Home Secretary to inquire into the treatment of the patients in the criminal wing of Bethlem Hospital, made their report last week to Mr. Fox Manic. It is needless to give the document at length, as its contents consist chiefly of unqualified praise of the system now in operation in Bedlam. It contradieas, in almost every instance, the charges made by Mr. Sergemnt Adams, and thus concludes—We have the honour, Sir, of transmitting to you this detailed result of our inquiries into the mode of treatment followed in the criminal wing of Bethlem Hospital, which, we trust, will satisfy the Marquis of Normanb), as it has convinced us, that the criminal lunatics are well and conscientiously treated. When the class of lunatics who are to be controlled there is considered —when it is remembered that of the seventy-eight crimi na!s now in that wing twenty-nine have murdered, and twenty have attempted murder, that nineteen aro thieves, and three housebreakers, the difficulties opposed to their moral regulation and tho preservation of their life and health are obviously extreme, and the credit given to those who have adequately performed these duties; ought to be proportierate. DEATHS IN THE LONDON HOSPITAL.- On Thursday Mr. Baker, the Coroner, held three inquests in the above institution. The first was on the body of John Shenery, aged 21, a seaman on board the ship Lime rick, now lying in the London Ducks. On Sunday morn ing last the deceased was found lying insensible in a small cabin in the forecastle of the vessel. A surgeon was sent for, who said that the deceased appeared to be dying from suffocation, and he soon afterwards expired. It appeared from the evidence of a youth named Cameron, the mate of the ship, that there is a register store in the cabin in which the deceased was found lying, and, the cabin being very confined when the door was shut, it vas usual to open the stove so as to permit the free descent of air, as without this was done no air could enter. The deceased omitting to take this precaution became suffocated. He had gone into the cabin to lie down to sleep, and it is supposed was sleeping when discovered.—The second inquest related to the death of Catherine Carey, aged 63. A lodger living in the same house as deceased stated that last Saturday fortnight she bawd screams proceed from deceased's apartment, and on going to see what was the matter she tound bet in flames. The witness suc ceeded in extinguishing them, but not before the deceased was very much burnt. The deceased was sitting by the fire alone, when she fell asleep and fell forward into the grate. She died on Monday last.—. The last case was that of Hannah Warren, a child two rears old, the child of street, Old poor parents, a Gravel lane, Napping, t was burnt to' death, owing to her clothes igniting by p la y in g with V ie fi re while her mother was from home. The accident o..tcurred on Saturday, and she died on Monday. Verdict in each case— ,, Acciden tal death." " living h o at No. 3, lei ag. A W.-00 Thursday an ac ti on wa s e tried f or A th r e recovery of costs incurred in disputing a will. The Proctor's bill amountod to upwards of 1,000/ , of t which sum 3501 had already been p aid. Th e jury , with out d xe lk in returnedgat the lawyer's bill (of cou r s e it h a d b een a verdict for the balance, 6771. 183. 91 ta o ) o , SPITALFIELDS CHURCII.-A meeting of the Vestry was held on Friday to consider the Surveyor's Report relative to the damage (lone to the steeple by the thunder storm of Sunday, the ad, when it appeared that the damage could be repaired - without taking down the spire, and that this might be alone at the cost of from 4001. to .500/. ,u,~5;;. , .r ~._..y~ ..L2'1r.:..1 I~'r.. _.: cat , sent° afta e tb e rgoe"l ie cv" oc teTi of y„ 6 psi 00. Cb rir Ob er i°l (bid ) c 0 ; co' p ".. e o do" 0. 1 . 7 0 eg C S J ~~