The Sun. — London, England, 1841-06-30 00:00:00

1 , 3 T 4 ;!, 1 1 r vPNTING SUN a!fves fearfully, and in a dense and regularly formed body, pleay rushed through the crowd from end to end, and to and fro, 'be ling with their fists or bludgeons, or naked flag-staffs all ,trod them, the resisCng and the unresisting, without ul least distinction. The police interfered, and nw.cre fiercely opposed. They were compelled to ;Wh'e their staffs, which they did with terrible effect. ilst we ' inuSt admit that they could not do otherwise .arell self defence, we cannot help regretting that when men if to use weapons in their own defence, they do not check their violence as soon as the occasion for it has ceased. At length Sir Jame Hamilton came forward, and ordered the an who a gto quit th e fi e ld , and was obeyed by a great ma n y retired t o t h e skirts of the meeting. the T he Returning Officer having taken the Bribery Oath, and ‘.other formalities bein g comp li e d w i t h, 3jr• Alderman LAINSON rose amidst loud cheering and confusion to Propose Sir Benjamin Hall as a fit and roper person to represent ' the Borough of Mary -11 I n in Parliament. That Honourable Gentle man h a .served them for four years in Parliament, and his co nduc t . el a ii ' l ng met with the most cordial approbation of his constitu rAt', he felt honour and pleasure in nominating him. He ti". Alderman Lainson) would implore the present assem: Y t hen before him to allow a fair, impartial hearing to al parties. Srua am seconded the nomination. It was those liberal t i l l e ne 'lales which Si r 1 3. Hall professed which now ena bl e d to en jo y the privileges they were met to exercise. Rear, ar . , h and cheers ' ) Their youthful and loveu Queen Z t n (I dissolved Parliament in order that the people should de nine whether another Parliament would be prepared to pprerrseYnntutr,the, great measures of commercial reform which the at ent uolernment proposed. He was prepared to as u se re r s t iten,npon the carrying out of :those liberal measern i,re7ll3' and effectually alone depended the safety of the })ire. There was no danger of revolution so long as those . red w__ %Inch the advanced intelligence of the country require if ts carried out, but there would be such a danger t ° t he Tori es came into power, and attempte d ILeenforce thei r principals which they termed Conservative. Arineivies Sir Robert Hall maintained were those which jocrialr. Stewart,) was certain were the principals of the ma fore,Y of the electors of Marylebone, and he, there c,. felt confident of his success. (Loud cheers and con witabir• Wrsit rose to propose Mr. Cabbell, but was received . cal c, such a storm of hissing and groaning, both from his politi ri4, Konents and from a party of hired ruffians, who were toon()tng through the crowd with blue rags tied upon the ( 4 the poles arid bludgeons, and evidently mistook him for one Ai Hall and Napier party. that he was totally inaudible. th e r ' T. GREER woon seconded the nomination amidst greatest confusion and noise. CITY. —(THIS DAY.) 1,, DE CLARATION OE THE NUMBERS. is„,, .:?e announcement of the numbers polled for the several tsalclates took place this day in the Guildhall at two o'clock. e„.,,;(alsequenee of a doubt which existed in the course . of yts- t I,7,'_LaYafternoon as to the numbers polled, considerable interest t„'iseezcited, the Conservative party stoutly maintaining A h tt 1 ,“. 00 ` . ~e of their candidates, namely, Lyall, Masten - Ilan, and '4, Isere returned, while the Liberals were equally sanguine . k s to the success of Wood and Lord John Russell. fAs early as t welve o ' clock vast crowds were congregated in u r:st of the G u ildh all and in . the body of the ball, and before r a i ns.t ° ;e a lock it was almost as densely packed as on the day of no- A ka it. The crowd was much more orderly in its conduct 7'o ~ , on the former occasion, and waited with great patience -4%owithout any of the usual manifestations of feeling by cheer- C' hooting till the time arrived for declaring the numbers. k a I'M minutes before two o'cloCk d e r. Sheriff' GIBBS came forward and said, The Sheriffs appedeclare and proclaim that, upon casting up the poll lists, it ars that there were polled for John Masterman Sir Matthew Wood George Lvall Lord John Ruseell 6,221 Matthias Attwooi s J arnes I s s attison William Crawford 6,065 Al derman P. • .11,, Pine Iva; `' announcement of the numbers for the several candidates .,s. si ,received with the most vociferous cheering, hooting, " 1 _ el l ti:„ 44 all the usual indescribable noises of a hotly-contested h "' th e T i l ' e , aPplause for Lord John Russell was general throughout Thkl, and far exceeded that for any of the other candidates. th e f _ e Silt RIFF then declared the - election to have fallen upon „, as „aeur first -named candidates, and the cheering and uproar Airr.npved and continued for several minutes. , , kith .alaSTettatAN then stepped forward, and was received f i d toantigled cheers and hissing. He said he felt deeply gra.te th, k t he electors of London for the proud position in which Ishr e , 4 , 4 placed him. He could only reiterate the promises tsar' he had before made, thathe would use his utmost endea itip, : and the bestof his abilities in their service - and for promot te,he benefit of all. If he could require any inducement thrforin the duty imposed upon him he had only to point to antsenta!llgures—to the place he held on the poll. He would not them further than by saying that if any irritation had it,,, 11 during th e contest he hoped it be would now allayed, that they would all go on said, as good friends. h e IC MATTHEW WOOD on the day of nomination illy tol d them th a t h e would be successful—he was c e , s ewould win. H e k new that among the good looking I,,,'ii te nances he then saw b e f ore hi m he would find few who at hi turn turn off an old and t r i e d servant. They would find him li ke ' s Post at all times. He never would neglect the cause of tae: ea Ple, but w ou ld u se hi s best energies in that ll et „ eri If h e was no t so we ll received by some gen %%aid as by the great body of the electors still he it A t j i TM lie offended. He had never made his politics the stsiZt,:of table talk—his opinions had alssays been openly he I ,: e fare the people—they were made manifest by his votes. birth for the gentlemen who were displeased with ofa' for his friends. He had no ambition to th t e4 b e place he occupied on the poll. He had lati se e t . e , at the to but when he was, the represen- Pied ° ' l ,,," ° ' City, he would do his duty whatever place he oc ,,,,the 4 ,1,, - toe poll. Many important questions must soon - ,`, t glit 'a r n e l, - ,` e ` ai sideration iu the House of Commons—they ;" 'teth er ,', 4 0 4 it that lie would be at his post, and vote, ',in " favoursw one, two, three, or four o'clock in the morn lie hOOO, ,in that hall. Ile returned them many thanks for the 111,10'7 confer upon him, and would show his gratitude by kr. es t ' •:Ites R -vta, then oa forward and was received with loud r ha s I t ) " hises. lie ln s e aidthiswas the fourth contest in which 41 doe:" engaged in support of Conservative principles. He ‘ 5 pr o so becaus e he believed that course the best calculated ( l k ote the real and permanent interests of the people— at 1 : ':s ari d hisses )—whic he conceived should be the great Nie•„444 y cbject of all legislation So far as himself and his i tt l la,-,:,lltuZ Were co ncernecr,they had co.iducted the contest Ilex, that hissperity of feeling,and he was therefore sorry to hat l e ail nes o pponents accused of con j 4 gr e i, r'r uttered one syllable to their disparagement, and s. " , I, a , t `led that he had not received from them the courtesy ...'44 ' ' liven to them. Having on other occasions en -11;:.'cl t,oltOtt°lo ex planation; of his political principles, he li ii ie l l ie a b il le ,, t o 1 , 1 7 t on that occasion. He regretted he had not , so many of his constituents as he could _wish, ' tish I'''. to have frequent opportunities of meeting them. ,°,leot, fortdbefors b express his acknowledg tee c, ti l ,, - e concluded to s o , snie ri ., - excellent arrangements that had been made by ti);etLPar-L-re'sattiod_Mr. Harvey, the Commissioner of Police, and kileittiets iliensure peace and tranquillity, and remove all once cheers,) the way of a free election , .—(Hear,;hear, hav e ak fttl, f a,,,, bee r , °r he did not believe a great contest like that could ~cia ' for thZeoucted with greater - propriety or less difficulty, ',grateful re asons he begged to return to those . gentlemen Cper i) .aknovv ledgments.—( Cheers and confusion.) s, l ", t eing now loud cries for Lord John Russell, I.4rd,lehil4'`lNs carne forward, and assured the audience that Reirnahip ha llus'sell would be there in a few minutes. His that in , 4 ,50 many friends present who had exerted them th ' t ney is -s ia vour, but he was sure he would be anxious, and 'a l th (1 allow him a few moments to arrive and return Alr auks hat.. • ay. AT p er son. —(Loud cheers.) . . Of ~g Preset rwoon, amid great confusion, said that after ryas 'elllesei.'ted himself to solicit at their hands the honour lie, , .‘tith - ` t e w li," them, he need scarcely say tha,'anle ' ee ltua's of sore disappointment and of acornhe ` had ll'gret that he had observed the return t ,:i'lild ,:ell made to them. But, at the same time, wh at er4 lier b e so far actuated by personal feelings as not to r esilit h h e L'aclthtat although individually the result had not been th e c -a4l a h."sonally wished and anticipated, yet that that th e - ' ll se ry - ! ° rcied a great triumph and valuable victory to th e Ilish e ,. tlye cause with which he was connected.—(Che . ers T h, , , x it a tad 4 Let them look at the state of the representation forseade, of Pare it with what it was.—Cheers and hisses.) pia forth 04)..ner , Majesty's Government had appealed to them he Placed h:n i t 'c'° l lll, and what had been the answer ? They had saysetc,,,,,t thank et on the polL—(Cheers and hisses. ) He knew te . , 1 ,1 ) thank " lletn then, having no title to their attention, kit ' s e i, ° ' li e eln for the extraordinary support he had re resi q . rried-e_eould scarcely have conceived it possible that so h. sti,,,l. the eatto ; 4 should have been shown by the electors in hi e %Aht re aPPeals that had been made to them, and however kla: "' At t" th e sPparent result of that election as respected t the • i ll w,ecsartte tim e he must congratulate them or! the Vith,,, [l ,"re fer nl h it had terminated, and express his gratitude t ani s i` ge v th e th e manner in which he had been supported. mitt ?: would ithttolbers declared were correct or not, an oppor tle-'''lltast-e q u ickly afforded of ascertaining ; but under the re's of L a nces he could have but one feeling towards the fel to• o f t l l id ° ll 9 and that was gratitude. With respect to tai l ., tat• p er. , Present contest, though it was not now success alraad „h; ° .all.Vi Yet he was satisfied that the Conservative ini, i 1)1 /4.0 'Ailed great glory in it.—(Cheers. ) . ltlo t i tt loai, 'l.„toen came to the front of the hustings, and th er 'atta Ar`ntt deafening cheers,' said that the present was a l ' t, iit e i anrri. PlL -- (Cheers. ) Cord John Russell would be l'a tt : t 6 lat!lY, and he (Mr. Dillon) . called on th at ' i s_on vi a. , 4w alt the Noble Lord's coming. Mr. oth i "e was al'''avohlably absent, but they ought not to forget (cN L ghly res man zealous in their interests, that he was a man b tl , ets,. \ pectable character, and of Liberal principles.— ton?lteriitheilat gentleman was ' not at the head of the poll, as h 4 g• ,/ ..e s' Ileedcd his assistance they would find him forth bet:_tola he Rem remember that the present contest was, I ha d 7en p, rs... the beginning of: the election, a contest, not le t ih er n3i but between principles.—(Cheers.) They 1 1 , 4 r...,(ch" to-day the long -shore men who filled the corner iss lr t° eed ', e ,_rs- ) Let them recollect that that contest was te tin . ere , tEere. Other elections were to take place I". 44" e • . h t the 'th a . _Roi r , _ again them to remember ta . aj e t 1: 01 „,g on vies one bettoren Liberal and Tory principles tsr 4 'ber ° J . Rus 1, the , 40% asselland the Minis . try, of which he was a 's e• oitld tal ation their main object, so to admini_- "ioh 4 °t be of this country that the people t vesth . e T or , too heavily pressed on by that debt 1 1 5 50, mesir ous rtes hal.l entailed upon them. The Government 'annt','ltho ut ‘.l , Ytti g that debt honourably, and meant to ',14,i'..--..(ch ''ng directly, or crippling the industry of the atea n t t to u n e l e „ 1 : 11 ' ) They were, on the contrary, endea -7;9 te at sitOull e b l :in the industry of the country ; and every . 1 5 4 , th e „ ',adlpted to second them in their exertions, O il tl l : li ith tL e :Ve might be the better able to bear taxa ittlia,ek• Th e „?ris, and none but the Tories, had inflicted ( A ed of 'he i ones said they were not Tories—they were ' , is erY oe t, Dilante—they called themselves Conservatives. , Near_ estructives ") Here Lord John Russell made 'l:_%tilig," IiteSSELL then 1.„ se,.i on the platfo.r Mr. Dillon tired ra'and himself in front ' of the Rtit4sini-'was‘'llgsr:; }received presentedwitha tremendous burst of cheer ll'afeniri4ll ha ndke as the ladies in the !gallery waving their ss , g, and Which'"es The applause which was literally *hi od e i was renewed whenever a feeble attempt th ° get up a • hiss continued for some minutes, during he w : 4 ti f' d N°ble Lord, who appeared in excellent spirits, qt c e , sa 'led 00 it i t„„nile r , a 'ad b een F ,-- ...roily to the crow . When s e ' the L e o. I e o , e , Q st me measure restored, .he said ~ , Pre , e %o ur , nere to return you my most cordial thanks .NI qui Sou have done • la "til,,, re5,......i T re Lae in electing me one of your ~,_ 1 1 041 , h I tom ~...\ tneadous cheering.) I knew . perfectly i'lls )rt %e at ers"nic•;ed this contest that I could obtain . a seat ti:lie l d 0 !l th e „ :v t ere with little difficulty, and with the a s ' l ast r artabitiOu nia'"ritY ef the electors, of places which irt a h i arh areeT a of he . I sat in tars a vt', s ect i. _, 1 ,t le re presentative of an intelligent, rf ''''lt ti .)' Lilecltiethuagetile.ndmt body of electors, who would again I° ' the hav e Confided their intrests to my halds. this s teas an oemsion on e Nolich, if the battle 1 . 4 0 5 7 . AO was to be fought against thosestrongly-combined interests, it was necessary to show no fear, no hesitation, and to fight that battle even where those interests might be the strongest, and where those combinations might be the most formidable— ( Tremendous cheering)—Gentlemen, in commencing this struggle in the City of London, I knew that I was exposing, you who had done me the honour of voting for me to great difficulties—to menaces, and to temptations of every kind.— (Loud cheers.) But I relied upon the free and bold spirit of the electors of the City of London to give a proof that they at least would not be afraid of Choosing as your represen tative a Minister who had been deelared by the House of Com mons unworthy of their confidence—( Vehement and long-con tinued cheering)—because he had placed himself in the front of the battle to relieve the community who were oppressed by the burdens which particular classes bad laid upon them.—(Loud cries of " Bravo.") From any body of electors less important and less numerous than you are, the answer to the appeal made by the Sovereign to her people would have been less authentic and less decisive.—(Cheers.) Coming from you, it does convey to the whole of the 'United Kingdom a herald of principles to the great interests of the people, and a knell of dismay to those protected inte rests which have thought themselves safe in their strength, in tl:eir numbers, and in their confederacy.—(Loud cheers. ) For, depend upon it, Gentlemen, after the return you have made, the present Corn-laws cannot be ccntinued on its pre sent footing. You will not expect, I am slim, that in such an assemblage I should attempt to go through figures and calculations, or that I should endeavour to confute the fallacious statements that have been made else where with respect to the benefits of the present Corn-law. One argument, and one only will I give in favour of what is called the sliding scale. That sliding scale, be it remembered, which, it would appear from the addresses of the Committee of those who were lately my opponents, is for the future to be reckoned amongst the ancient institutions of the country, and therefore you are called upon to reverence the law of 1828, as you were formerly called upon to revere the Consti tution of 1688.—(Cries of " Hear, hear.") You were told then that the great benefit of the sliding scale is that when corn becomes dear the ports are at once open, and that corn will then be admitted, and a moderate price only required as the price of that corn. But a very little reflection will con vince any man that this argument, however plausibly put forth, and however sustained by sophistry, is totally wanting in truth, because you must be aware that no market can receive a con stant supply unless there be a constant demand. Take the case of the meat and vegetables brought to market in this great metropolis.—( Hear.) Your supply is constant and large, but the market is well supplied because the demand never ceases—because the demand is repeated year after year, and those who have to supply it—the farmer, the grazier, and the market gardener, know where they can go for the sale of the commodities in which they deal. But if you were to render those markets unsteady, if you vary them from year to year—if they could only sell half or a quarter of their produce one year, then the same supply as now comes would not come, and the great markets of the metropolis would be subjected to constant fluctuaeions—you 'would have meat and vegetables sometimes at famine prices, and at others the prices would be so low as almost to ruin the producers. Such is the obvious and convincing answer to the statements, that by the sliding scale we can always command a sufficient supply of corn. We know that from the present laws foreign countries do not now cultivate their lands • they cannot do so, because they are not sure of a market in this country for their produce. With re gard to the great question of an approximation to free trade, as it was justly called by the honourable and en lightened gentlemen who did me the honour to propose me, Mr. Jones Loyd, that approximation will soon receive the ap probation of those who are sent to represent you in the House of Commons.—( Hear, hear.) When I look back at other great struggles in which we have been engaged for the purpose of establishing sound and fair principles, I do not find that the same spirit was exhibited by the people at the com mencement as in the present instance. Look at the great question of religious liberty. For a long time the friends of religious liberty had to struggle hard before they obtained freedom for the Protestant Dissenter, and longer still before our Roman Catholic fellow-subjects of Ireland were admitted to the privileges of the Constitution. Look again at the great question of Parliamentary Reform, for how many years had we to fight in the minority—contesting tor that great cause in the House of Commons—when I look back at those struggles, I see that the aspect of the present question is far more encouraging than either of them, and I feel persuaded that whatever may be the number in the future House of Commons, who may oppose the measure which we her Majesty's Government have brought forward, it will not be long before free discussion, enlightened opinion the voice of truth will prevail, when those who have none but sdphistical arguments and com bined interests to oppose to the urgent and convincing argument on which our system is founded must succumb. A gentleman near me asks me respecting the new Poor-law Upon that question there has not been any difference of opinions between Sir R. Peel and myself. I believe it was his object, as it was mine, that indigence should be relieved, but at the same time that no encouragement should be given for a return to the vicious abuses of the former system. That question, however, has to come under discussion, and I am persuaded that upon that occasion the great majority of those returned to Parliament will consider it without reference to party distinction. Gentlemen, in the course of this elec tion I have had to contend with many misrepresenta tions; and with, in some instances, very care ful concealments. My opinions with respect to the Corn laws have been quoted, but the persons so quoting my opinions took good care to omit stating that those opinions were held by me in 1822. I confess, Gentlemen, that my opinions have been greatly altered since that period. My opinions suffered that change several years ago, and you must remember that since 1822 I have had the benefit of hearing the speeches of Lord Ashburton and of Sir James Graham upon the subject, who also have changed their opi nions on this question; but in an opposite direction to me. Now those gentlemen claim, and call upon the public to believe, that they conscientiously altered their opinions. Surely, then, you will not deny to me the same credit which you gave to them, and you will now allow me to use the same arguments which on former occasions were so ably enforced by them. lam aware that every effort has been made to induce you not to elect use as one of your representatives.— (Loud cries of " Hear, hear.") lam aware that having been for many years connected with office, I was open to at tacks upon many of the various questions which have from time to time been brought under discussion in Par liament ; but will do me the justice to say, that 1 have never feared those attacks. I relied upon your good sense being able to distinguish what was the real question at issue ; and it always will be to me a source of great pride, that at the end of ten years of official life, I asked for the approval of the electors of the City of London, and that you have responded to that call, and placed me in the honourable situation of one of your Members. I feel deeply grateful to those electors who have supported me, and feel the greatest obligation to you for the brave and coura geous manner in which you have exerted yourselves in my behalf. I consider myself now as Member for the City of London, and I consider that 1 am bound to attend to all its varied interests. I shall consider them as bound up with the . general inte rests of the community, and I will give to them the deepest and most constant attention, while I have the honour to sit in Parliament as your representative. Although you have now chosen me for the first time, I trust that when I appear before you again I will be enabled to prove that I have not been undeserving of the support which has been so generally given to me. The Noble Lord then retired amidst loud and general cheering. On the motion of Sir M. WOOD, seconded by Mr. W. iTT- woon—" The thanks of the Hall were awarded to the Sheriffs for the strict impartiality with which they had presided over the election, which having been acknowledged by Mr. Sheriff Gibbs, Mr. MASTERMAN proposed, and Mr. BAYLIS seconded a vote of thanks to Mr. Commissioner Harvey for his efficient and judicious police arrangements. Mr. D. W. HARVEY then came forward amidst very gene ral cheering, and said, that throughout his public life, of no in considerable length, he uniformly recognised the public voice as the safest test of truth and j ustice.—( Cheers. ) They would all readily believe him when he said he felt grateful for that expression of their approbation, because the situation which it was his fortune to fill, was not one, as they were aware, calcu lated to elicit public applause ; and that man should be deserv ing of popular approbation who so directed the police force that should be only a terror to the evil-doers and a safe- guard to the doers of good.—( Hear, hear, and cheers. ) It was gratifying to him to find that that vote of thanks was moved by a gentleman whose politics were in all things ad verse to his (Mr. D. W. Harvey's), and that it was seconded by a gentleman who might be said to concur with the mover in polities. That was giving the surest testimony of the impar tiality of his conduct. Perhaps if there was anything required to give weight to that claim for impartiality it would be found in the singular fact that the present was the first time in 23 years in which he was not the successful occupant of a seat in Parliament. Why he stood there as Commissioner of Police and not a Member of the House of Commons, was perhaps more to his credit than it was to that of others.—( Cheers. ) 1 The Crier then dissolved the Hall by proclamation. EXTRACT FROM THE ROCHEFORTIN.—For three years the works of the maritime arsenal of Roche fort have made considerable increase. It is remembered with what promptitude have been executed the construc tion and armament of the frigate La Gloire, and of the shipL'lntlexible ; at this moment they are proceeding with the steamer Le Gomcr, with still greater activity. This vessel, commenced in January 1841, will be finished and launched very shortly if the engines arrive at Rochefort opportunely ; they are expected very soon. Some particulars of this immense steam frigate will not perhaps appear out of place. Her total displacement is near that of a 74-gun-ship, as Le Triton. Her extreme breadth is 12 metres 45 centimetres ; her depth of hold, 8 metres 20 centimetres ; the length at load of flotation, when stored for sea, which is 70 metres 95 centimetres, exceeds that of a vessel of 100 guns, as L'Hercule of 9 metres. In measuring the distance which ought to be found between the after part, the main-boom and the fore extremities of the flying jib-boom, a space is ob tained of 106 metres 50 centimetres, of which one can form an idea by placing the column of the Place Vendome on the balustrade of the tower of Notre Dame. The truck of the fore-royal-mast is elevated above the keel 50 we tres—a space one may imagine the two obelisks of Luxor, the ona on the end of the other, and then one adds to that 4 metres. The total surface of sails is 1,870 square metres. To animate this colossus, and to give it a speed of from 10 to 11 knots in calm weather, it must have a steam power of 450 horses, consuming daily about 54 tons of coal, or a bulk of 720 hectolitres. After Le Gomer and L'Asmodie they will occupy themselves with four great packet-boats, each of 450 horse power, for the transatlantic correspondence. Afterwards, the Descartes, Monge, and L'lnfernal—alto gether nine steam frigates. And in addition, two brigs, Le Papillon, and Le Messager, and the corvette Le Rhin, which will be launched at the same time as Le Gomer. FIVE LIVES LOST AT PLYNIOUTII.-SIX boys, aged from 7 to 18, took a ship's boat on Sunday, the 13th, and went to Cawsand, where they remained about two hours. On reaching the Sound, on their return, one of the lads cried so bitterly that a humane waterman who was passing took him into his own boat and brought him home. No tidings were heard of the others until Saturday, the 26th, when the bodies of two of them were picked up in Batten-bay. '1 he lad who was taken out states, that at Cawsand they had some spirits, and when they got into the boat again one of the senior boys kept stepping on the gunwale and rolling her from side to side, and occasionally going to the mast-head. It is conjectured that in one of these foolhardy freaks the ballast shifted, and the bolt must have been instantly swamped, thus consigning the whole to an untimely end. REDUCED PRICE OF ADMISSION TO WEST- ArlNsTrit ABBEY. —The Dean and Chapter of Westminster, in fulfilment of intentions long since entertained, have made such alterations in the terms of admission to Westminster Ab bey as will enable visitors to see the whole of the interior for 6d., or the nave and transcept only 3d. They have placed the regulations under the superintendence of the High-Constable of Westminster, who will be in constant attendance at the ap pointed hours, and to whom immediate reference of any com plaint is to be made. THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNIISDAY I jUNP 80 1 1841. WESTMINSTER.-(THIS DAY.) STATE OF THE POLL. TWELVE O'CLOCK. Evans . Leader. Rous ... 2,195 2,176 2,184 ONE O'CLOCK. Evans.. Leader . nous ... 'kW 0 O'CLOCK. Evans . Leader . Rous.... THREE O'CLOCK. Evans Leader Eons... FOUR O'CLOCU. Evans Leader Rance .. 2,458 .. 2,442 .. 2,508 2,718 2,714 2,754 3,001 2,998 3,010 3,246 3,271 3,286 LAMBETH-(THIS DAY.) STATE OF THE POLL. NINE O'CLOCK. Hawes D'Eyncourt Baldwin Cabbell TEN O'CLOCK. Hawes D'Eyneourt Baldwin Cabbell Hawes D'Eyncourt Cabbell ELEVEN O'CLOCK. TWELVE O'CLOCK. 485 479 406 390 1,034 1,024 1,421 1,401 1,258 1,191 Hawes D Eyncourt Baldwin ONE O'CLOCK. Hawes D'Eyneourt Baldwin, Cabbell TWO O'CLOCK. Hawes T. D'Eyncourt Baldwin Cabbell THREE O'CLOCK. 1,618 1,587 1,391 1,247 1,906 1,874 1,631 1,516 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 Hawes 2,368 T. D'Eyncourt Baldwin Cabbell GREENWICH-(THIS DAY.) Barnard.. Dundm... Cockburn TEN O'CLOCK. ELEVEN O'CLOCK. 959 891 716 Barnard Dundas Cockburn TWELVE O'CLOCK. Dundas .. Barnard .., Cockburn.. 1,242 1,200 919 ONE O'CLOCK. Barnard . Dundas . Cockburn 1,352 1,411 1,023 BREAD AND CORN-LAWS. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sir,—To prove the important consequence of the Corn-laws, take the following result, which will show that the advocates for the continuance of those laws have a strong intention to maintain them. Taking the population at twenty-seven millions, and each individual to consume one pound of bread per day—an advance of one halfpenny per lb. in the price of bread is equal to 20,475,000/. ? Yet Lord Ashburton denied that the effect of the present Corn laws is to levy more than the public taxes; when it is obvious that lid. rise in a pound of bread is equal to the enormous sum of 61,425,0001.—Y0ur'5, A. F. INCREASE OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC.—At a late meeting of the Manchester and Leeds Railway, the chairman gave an account of the traffic of some of the leading railways when they first opened, and their pro gressive increase ; from which it appeared that the Manchester and Liverpool line opened in September, 1830, and for the first three months their traffic averaged 1,5001. per week ; for the whole of the year 1831 it ave raged 3,0001. per week, being 100 per cent. increase on the average of the first three months ; and in 1840 it averaged 5,100 weekly, being an increase of 240! per cent. on the first three months. The Grand Junction opened in July, 1837, and their traffic for the first 25 weeks ave raged 4,4501. During the same period, in the following year, it averaged 6,5001. a week, being an increase of 46 per cent. The average weekly traffic on that line, for 1838, was 5,500/. ; for 1839, 7,750/., and for 1840, 8,400/., being an increase of 90 per cent. in the course of three years and a half upon the average of the first six months. 'The London and Birmingham line was opened in September, 1838, and the first three months the average traffic was 8,9001. per week. During the same period, in the following year, it was 12,0001. weekly, being an increase of 35 per cent. ; and, in 1840, it averaged 14,700/. par week, being, in two years and a quarter, an increase of 65 per cent. on the receipts. Now, this statement clearly shows that it is a work of time before a railway can fully develope its resources ; and, as there are a number of shareholders in railways just opened, or about to be opened, who are unacquainted with those facts, and who run in the market and sell their shares at a loss, because their cal culations are not at once realised, I trust that you will spare a place for this in your next, and, by so doing, it may arrest the attention of some holder who may be prevented from heedlessly sacrificing his property, and thus accomplish the object of the writer.—Correspon dent of the Railway Times. THE HOUSEHOLD FAMILY EXPENSE Boox. —This is the title cf a very curious and useful production, the object of which is to elucidate to the full convie.ion of every holder the actual working of the various taxes which our legislators have impcsed upon him. The book is in the cus tomary form of an account book, containing a page for every week in the year, but in addition to the column appropriated to the price of each article of the usual household consump tion, there are also parallel columns to bring constantly before the eye of the account-keeper the additional tax levied upon his comforts under the head of Landlord's Tax, East and West India Merchants' Tax, and Government Tax. Thus, upon the item of beer, which we will suppose in a family whose weekly expenditure is 51. 3s. costs 45., a tax is paid to the landlord of Is., and another to the Government of the same amount, making the total tax 2s. for one week in that one article. Upon the weekly expenditure of 51. 3s. we find the householder paying Ist. The Government Taxes £o 11 11 2d. The Landlord's taxes 3d. The West India Tax ... £1 19 1 One of the most important facts that is thus made to stare the tax-payer in the face is, the small proportion which the taxes for upholding the naeional establishments of the country, including the weight of the enormous national debt, bear in comparison with what proceeds immediately, and without any redemption of utility, into the pockets of the monopolist. We venture to pre dict that the man who has faithfully jotted down every week the items in the columns of this useful book, will be come by the end of the year impervious to the eloquence even of my Lord Sandon himself, overpowering as we have some times found it. We cordially recommend the work to our readers, whom we refer to the advertisement in another column. We subjoin, as a pendant, the following facts from the preface to the book, which contains a great deal of politico commercial information : COMPARATIVZ TAXATION OF ENGPAND AND MEIER COUNTRIES. Taxes upon Land in England... ...£1,531,915 Taxes upon Land in Prussia Taxes upon Land in Austria ... Taxes upon Land in France Taxes on the People in England Taxes on the People in Prussia Taxes on the People in Austria 7,700,000 Taxes on the Peopie in France —Liverpool Times. TREATISE ON ►SOILS.--Mr. Moreton, of Chester Hill, Gloucestershire, author of a pamphlet on this subject, and who is carrying on Lord Ducie's Example Farm at Crom Hall, Gloucestershire, whilst engaged in surveying farms in Sus!ex, being asked his opinion of the proposed change in the Corn-laws, replied, " In the years 1833, 1834, 1835, 1836, and 1837, wheat averaged 455. the quarter. lie had 1,500,000 quarters of bonded corn, and in 1836, exported so much to France and America as makes it probable, if the Corn-laws are changed, the price of wheat will not on an average be under 48s. per quarter. For the last fourteen years wheat has averaged 565., and should it fall to 485., which is a shilling a bushel, this would not be a loss to the farmer of a 7th part, but only of a 14th part ; because no good tenant taken two seed-bearing crops in succession, and roots often pay the farmer better than wheat. I have raised twenty-six tons of turnips per acre, and sold them to farmers for twenty-six pounds, and the increased demand for fatted meat, when wheat was low, occasioned the Scotch farmers to give in evidence before the House of Commons, that by im proved agriculture, with wheat at 40s. a quarter, they were making handsome profit."—June 24, 1841, with what else ap peared in the Mark-lane Express of June 28. This is offered in hopes of allaying the fears of a change in the Corn-laws, which at this time was felt by many well-wishers to their country. STOP, ELECTOR, READ AND PONDER THE FOLLOWING UNDOUBTED FACT BEFORE YOU GO TO THE POLL.—A few days ago a gentleman of high respectability related to me the following fact :—He said, " I belonged to a manufacturing firm in a south-western country. Our buildings cost us 50,0001. \% e manufactured fine woollen goxis largely, for the American market. Our correspondent wrote to us, say ing, Gentlemen, it is impossible for us to pay you for your goods any longer, unless you will take half in produce. Money we cannot get.' We replied, We cannot do so ; the law will not allow us to import sour produce, except at a ruinous loss.' Our orders ceased, and we were obliged to shut up our manufactory. Part of our men emigrated to America, and are there employed in making the same kind of goods which we had made. Part went to Russia, and compose vi ith others an establi.hment which the Emperor has established there, employing 7,000 men. Our buildings, which cost us 50,00:1., we have sold for 4,0001. to be pulled down. Thus the whole business is lost to England for ever, and gained by America and Russia, with all its collateral branches." This is a specimen of what the Corn-law has done, is doing, and will do for your working men, manufacturers, and merchants! Go now and vote, if you please, for the supporters of this law, and thus seal your own destruction and that of your country ere long Correspondent of the Liverpool Times. FACTS FOR FARMERS, &c. EY OWEN OWEN ROBERTS. Mr. Roberts has brought together in this little pamphlet of 50 pages a great deal of useful in torination. The main idea is to consider the farmer as a consumer, while the Corn-law advo cates consider him only as a producer, and point out the effects of the law on him in that charac ter. After some very judicious observations on keeping accounts carefully, and oil the main points: which a farther Aould take into considera tion on taking a farm, Mr. Roberts observes:-- The only amount of rent which any land can afford to pay will be the value of the overplus produce after de ducting the cost of cultivation, including taxes, wages, tithes, the interest of capital,, as well as a fair allowance towards the wear and tear o'f implements, the deteriora tion in value, and the casualties to which every kind of live stock is liable; together with the injury and the ex tra-expense which inauspicious seasons bring upon the farmer. The agriculturist should also recollect that in the cost of production, his own labour, and that of his family, ought to be charged at what they -would be fairly worth in the service of another. We presume that the agriculturist considers all these circumstances, but Mr. Roberts, by the warning which lie gives;implies that the agricul turist very often sacrifices his own interest, and toils to put into the.rent-owner's pocket money which the tenant ought to keep in his own. We shall quote, not only because they are curious and place the Corn-law question in a new light, but because they ought to, be studied by farmers, several passages, principally showing in detail how the Corn-law injures the farmer. In the preface there is this general statement : In average years, with eight returns, out of the 63,000,000 quarters of wheat, barley, and oats produced, the agriculturists and their dependents consume directly 45,503,018 quarters, whilst the surplus available for sale amounts to only 17,496,982 quarters. Agriculturists may also be said to consume indirectly, in the shape of manufactured goods of various descrip tions, a proportionate share of the bread consumed by those who were employed in manufacturing those goods. The agriculturists have therefore to purchase as it were again from the manufacturer a large portion of what they had previously sold to him in the market. EXTRA EXPENSE FOR SEED CORN, —According to the " Statistics of the British Empire," by James M`Queen, Esq., an author considered to lie perfectly orthodox by the supporters of Corn-laws, there are annually in the United Kingdom 5,000,000 of acres under wheat, 2,000,000 under barley, and under oats 8,000,000, which, calculat ing the returns at eight in ordinary years, will yield of produce 15,000,000 quarters of wheat, 8,000,000 of bar ley, and 40,000,000 of oats, making a total of 63,000,000 quarters, which, enormous as the amount appears, is barely sufficient to meet the home consumption.. An advance of ten shillings a quarter, if produced by any means independent of a deficient supply, would be a di rect tax upon the consumers of no less than 31,550,000 pounds sterling ; an amount exceeding by 3,500,000 the interest of the National Debt, and equivalent to nearly thirteen shillings per acre, good, bad, and indifferent, of all the arable land in the United Kingdom of Great Bri tain and Ireland. Out of this amount, the agriculturists would have to pay, merely as producers, in seed corn alone, within a trifle of 4,000,000 of pounds. To this amount, even should the succeeding harvest prove abun &int, they would be losers, it being an extra item in the cost of production ; for if the succeeding crops be more than aft average return, the prices would be propor tionably reduced. But, supposing that in two succeeding years, such, for example, as in 1838 and in 1839, the re turns should prove to be very much below the average, what would be the situation of the agriculturist ? Why, in many districts, his seed corn would amount t.) one fourth of the whole quantity produced on his land, so that it would, under any circumstances, render it impos sible for him to obtain in money value more than four returns upon the seed sown. The harvests of 1838 and 1839, in many localities, did not average four returns, and even those returns made up of grain of such inferior quality, as to render it hardly saleable at any price. The agriculturist would have to put in the ground, in conse quence of the scarcity that caused the prices, two pounds' worth of seed instead of one ; and though the following harvest might prove abundant, still the reduction of prices necessarily attendant upon an increased supply, would leave him, even as a producer, comparatively a loser of one pound. in every eight, or 121 per cent. This would arise from the expense of production having been increased by the extra cost of his seed corn. CONSUMPTION OF THE AGRICULTURAL POPULATION. —Corn is by far the most important article, and the heaviest item, in the list of agricultural charges. The quantity of corn consumed by those employed inlgricul ture, and directly dependent upon it, is so enormously great, that one cannot but feel surprised that its gigantic magnitude should have been so completely overlooked. Tha edvocotcs of the Corn-laws seem to have viewed the agriculturist solely as a producer. According to M'Queen's " Statistics of the British Em pire," a w Irk deemed perfectly orthodox by the Corn law advocates, the relative numerical proportion borne by the families of the agricultural population to the fami lies of the rest of the community is thus stated (p. " Agricultural, 1,845,463 ; trade and manufactures, 1,684,232 ; all other families, 1,269,536." In page 84 of M`Queen's work, is the following re mark relative to the population returns :—" Those selec tions relating to the male portion of the population of the United Kingdom,.together with the preceding queries taken from the population returns, will show how the population has been classed, and how unfairly, too,' for the agricultural interest. The vast proceeds from the labour of that interest, and the power and the capital employed by it, will show the considerate reader that a proportionate number of every one of the remaining classes are connected with, work for, and are dependent upon, that interest alone ; were we to take this at nearly two-thirds, or, say three-fifths of the whole, we should not miscalculate greatly either way." Allowing this estimate to be correct, but withcut going to the full extent of the proposition, and taking only three-fifths of the families that are not classed in the table as belonging either to agriculture or to trades and manufactures to be connected with, working for, or being dependent upon, agriculture alone, and giving the re maining two-fifths to trade and manufactures, the rela tive number of the population will stand thus : Agriculture. Trade and Manufactures. Families... 2,0,4 2,192,046 Population 13,349,369 10,922,211 giving a numerical advantage in favour of those " con nected with, working for, or being dependent upon, agriculture alone," of 2,427,158 souls, or, in other words, making those employed in and directly dependent upon agricultural pursuits, in round numbers as 11 to 9 of those employed in trade or manufactures, and conse quently showing that thos e " connecte d with, working for, or directly dependent upon, agriculture alone " con sume, or ought to consume, 111. worth of bread corn for every 91. worth consumed by those connected with, work ing for, or dependent upon, trade and manufactures alone. WHEAT.—Agriculturists, and those dependent upon them alone, will therefore require for . consumption, ex clusively of seed, 7,218,750 out of the 13,125,000 quar ters of wheat available as human food, making the con sumption of the agriculturists and those dependent upon them alone, including seed corn, 9,093,750 quarters, and leaving as a surplus available for the market, to be used by those employed in manufactures and trade, 5;906,250 quarters, which, at 565., will produce 16,537,4991., whilst the quantity consumed by farmers and those dependent upon them alone, will produce, at the same rate, 25,462,4991. BARLEY.—Regarding only the relative numerical pro portion of those employedin a g riculture , as estimated by M`Queen, the consumption of barley will stand thus : by the agricultural class, 4,850,000 quarters, and by the other classes of the community, 3,150,000, showing an excess of consumption by the agricultural over all. the other classes of the community of 1,700,000 quarters. The farmer, it is true, in most cases, disposes of his barley to the maltster in the first instance, but although he then receives the money for it, still he should keep in mind the fact that agriculturists, and those directly de pendant upon agriculture alone, consume their propor tionate quota, and have to pay for it to the maltster, brewer, or distiller. Nor should he ever lose sight of the fact, that his class consumes 4,850,000 out of the whole 8,000,000 produced ; thus making, at 32.5. per quarter, his own consumption 7,760,000/., and the quantity avail able for the market, 5,040,000/. OATs.---The quantity of oats therefore consumed by the agriculturists as seed corn, as a portion of their food, in rearing young stock, keeping horsrs, workinc , oxen, pigs, poultry, and cattle, and in fattening them for the market, will amount in money value at 245. the quarter to 37,991,121/. whilst the portion available for the market will make only 10,008,878/. The consumption of the different classes is brought distinctly before the reader by the fol lowing table :-- Consumption. Produce. Wheat By Agriculturists, &c.... 9, 09 3 ,750 By Trades, &c. 5,906,250 Barley By. Agriculturists, &c.... 4,8 5 0 ,000 By Trades, &c. ............ 3 , 150,000 Ooats 40,00 0 ,000 By Agriculturists, &c.... 3 1 ,659,268 By Trades, &c 8 ,340,732 From these data it appears that.out of the 63,000,000 quarters of wheat and barley and oats grown upon an average in the United Kingdom , ag ri culturists and those directly dependant upon a griculture alone, as M r . M`Queen would say, consume 45,603,018 quarters, whilst those employed in trades and manufactures consume only 17,396,982 quarters. The next table we shall quote states the value of the produce : In average years the money value of the grain that the agriculturists can dispose of as a surplus with justice to their class is as follows: Quarters. Wheat, 5,906,250 value at 56 5. 1 6,537,500 Barley, 3,150,000 ?, 325 . 5,040,000 Oats, 8,340,000 ~ 245. 10,008,378 Total X 31,586,378 The money value of the portion consumed by them selves and their dependents amounts to Wheat £ 2 5,462,500 Barley 7,762,500 Oats Total £71,216,121 Mr. Roberts subsequently shows that when the return is sevenfold, instead of th e average eight, the deficiency in value is 1 0,507,9531. ; at six returns it is 21,739,5031.; at five returns the agriculturists will have to purchase oats for their cattle to the extent of 1,132,075/. ; and at four returns there will be an insufficiency of all kin& of grain for their own consumption, supposing all other persons were left to starve. These car culations, he concludes, show that the agri cultural portion of the community is in reality the most serious sufferer whenever the supply of grain becomes inadequate to the demand. With an increased production the reverse is the case, and with an improved husbandry, promoted by the competitiOn of free trade, the returns mi , litt be latterly taken at twelve, and the agriculturists would benefit to the extent 0f23,631,6711. It cannot," says Mr. -Roberts, "be too often repeated, that under the present general system of agriculture, the 13 1-sth individu a l s l oca t e d u p on th ese 73 acr e s o f and, or upon this farm, will require the same quantity of bread to satisfy the cravings of hunger, and to keep them in working order ; and the same quantity will also be required fOr seed in one year as in another, without any reference to the high or low price of grain. The live stock, also, whether working. rearing, or fattening, will require the same quantity of corn, e' rice in the market,. 20s. or 40s. the quarter. In a state of pros perity., therefore, the consumption of corn by the farmer' and by his dependents, as well as by the live stock upon the 73 acres, ought, as to quantity, to be the same in one year as in another." The character and condition of farmers is• in dicated in the two following paragraphs, which confirm some remarks we have more than once laid before our readers : Under the system, if it can be so called, of apiculture, now generally followed upon nine-tenths of the land in the kingdom, agriculture can by no means be fairly deemed a profitable occupation. In the majority of in stances farmers can barely make both ends meet, and if here and there one can be found who has saved money, as it is called, it will turn out in ninety-nine cases outof a hundred that the sum saved amounts to barely five per cent. upon the value of his stock without any allowance whatever being made for the time, skill, and labour of the farmer, and the different members of his family. In fact, instead of the farmer having made money, it will appear on a strict examination that he and his family have expended their time, skill, and labour for a series of years without any other return than food and raiment of the coarsest kind, the money saved .amounting to barely four or five per cent. upon the value of the stock. This amount they might easily have obtained free from risk upon a mortgage security. They might have had from an employer as wages for their skill and labour be yond food and clothing, and independently of such in terest, a far larger amount. A free trade in Corn is a stimulus indispensable to the prosperity of the British agriculturist. It is absolutely required to rouse him from the listless apathy by which he has long been distinguished. In comparison with other productive classes, the land-occupiers, with some exceptions, indeed, but with exceptions like angel visits, " few and far between," are absolutely stationary, mak ing no progress, and availing themselves but seldom and with evident reluctance of the improvements which are made, from year to year, in every scientific pursuit. They rarely manifest a sufficient degree either of skill or of energy to meet the increasing demands of an increas ing population, and thus to augment their own wealth and secure their own prosperity. They resemble the waggoner, and begin to pray to some Parliamentary Jupiter for assistance, instead of manfully putting their shoulders to the wheel, and by the vigorous exercise of their own powers, rescuing .themselves from their dilemma. Agriculturists look to the Legislature for that pros perity, which their own resources and their own industry can alone ensure ; and in hunting that phantom, they become the dupes of, necessitous or of crafty men, who, under the disguise of aiding them in the attainment of their object, swindle them out of their cash and their civil rights. making them in the one case beggars, and iu the other slaves. In this little work there is a good deal of sound sense, worthy the consideration of the working agriculturists. We will add to these remarks a short extract from a letter pnblished in the Chelniqford Chro nicle, which displays some of the errors com mitted by landlords. Lord Western had written— Suppose a farm of two hundred acres of arable land, at 255. an acre, farmed on the four-course husbandry, which will give fifty acres of wheat, fifty of barley, twenty-five of beans and peas, and twenty-five of clover. Acres. Qrs. Qrs. 50 of Wheat 50 of Barley 5 25 of Beans 25 of 'clover 50 of Fallow Suppose the reduction in the market price to amount to ten shillings a quarter - on an average, one sort of grain with another, and the deficit in the farm er's receipt for the year will be exactly the whole amount of his rent. To this an occupier, aware of the facts and writing in the same sense as Mr. Roberts, re plies:— Upon his illustration of 200 acres, I find the tenant requires the following quantity of seed corn, &e. Bush. Qrs. Bush. For the 50 acres of Wheat, 2f per acre 15 5 50 Barley, 4 ditto 25 0 25 Beans, 3 ditto 9 3 *Six plough horses and one market horse will consume 2 bushels of corn each per week during the year, namely—. 91 0 Ten quarters of barley sent to maltsters during the year, consumed on the farm 10 0 Making a total 0f... 151 0 X s. O. This must be a set-oft' at 10s. per quarter reduc tion in price, making a saving of 75 10 0 This item his Lordship has omitted. Now let us go through with a few of the ex penses on the 200 acres ; suppose the rent charge to be at 6s. per acre, and to vary with the price of corn—deduct one-fourth—we have a reduction of ls. 6d. per acre, amount ing to Take the present capital at X.`1,,000 With the proposed reduc tion of stock and crops, &c. 5001. less will be sufficient 1,500 -15 0 0 spercent. 25 0 0 500 At present assessei Four 9d. rates, 3s £33 0 At reduced rent, say 16 10 at 2201. Saving £l6 10 0 1G 10 0 Total £132 0 0 Here we have a saving entirely unaccounted for in his Lordship's calculation of 1321.. which •is the actual rent that his Lordship contended was entirely lost. We here see the point on which the whole question turns between real and artificial rent, leaving 118/. as an " ade quate reduction to be made by the landlord." In the above calculations I make no reduction of the farmer's income, on the 200 acres of land, nor any re duction in the labourers' wages, so that each party will have the full benefit arising out of the reduction in the necessaries of life, in consequence of the reduction on corn, viz. bread, meat, pork, butter, cheese, poultry, &c. &c. which I estimate at 25 per cent ; but that his Lord ship should not be alarmed at the gain which the " new lights" will give the agriculturist, I will take it at 20 per cent. X. s. d. X. Suppose the tenant's profit 300 0 oat 20 per cent. 60 Eight labourers, at 12s. per week 249 12 0 Extra wages, such as har vest,haying,thatching,&c. 40 8 0 £290 0 oat 20per cent. .58 Annual saving .£llB Being 7L5s. per annum clear gain to each labourer. The account between Lord Western and the "New Lights" will stand thus : Dr. Deficiency of receipts on 500 qrs. of corn, at 10s. per qr Cr. Saving on farm account by reduction of price and expedition Adequate reduction of rent by landlord llB Saving on farm, &c. 250 Ditto on Tenant... £6O Ditto to Labourers 58 Ils £2501 £368 Is this, I would ask, " loss and ruin to the agriculturist," when, after paying rent, tithes, and taxes, to have saved 1181. in amount exactly the same as shown from Lord Western's illustration is under the present scale of " sliding duties," and by its mysterious working, taken from the pockets of the farmer and his labourers, and put into the landowner's ? ' --s HAND-LOOM WEAVERS.—The privations of this class continue with undiminished severity, and a large portion of them are still in the receipt of daily assistance in the shape of rations, or employed in breaking stones, though, we are afraid there still remain many whose cases have not been overtaken. At the request of the Relief Com mittee, the Superintendent of Police has caused inquiry to be made into the circumstances of about 300 heads of families, who have applied for relief, and the following has been the re• suit:—"The three hundred heads of families have de pendent on them 1,279 children, 529 of whom are under ten years of age. Of the three hundred heads of families, 153 are natives of Ireland, 140 natives of Scotland, and two natives of England. The persons employe d . in breaki ng stones are 279, and the number' of natives se wed daily at the soup-kitchen, for the last few weeks, amount to 1,300. We believe the poor fellows employed in breaking stones find the work sufficiently hard for them, and it is little to be surprised at, therefore, that th e y are occasionally found grumbli ng . It is exceedingly des irable that some so fter description of work could be found ; spade labour would be much more agreeable , for them, and we trust that something of this kind will yet be resorted to. We have occasionally heard at the Council table proposals for sloping and beautifying the banks o f th e r i ver along the public green. Could this not be done by the idle weavers during the present summer.— Glasgow Aryus.—[We would suggest, since the p ublic pays such a vast a nnua l sum t o st i mu.. late agriculture, t hat all the se men ought t o b e emp l oyed and well fed by the landowners. ] ACCIDENT TO LUMLEY COTTON, ESQ. Yesterday afternoon this gentleman, who resides in Euston square, was riding a high - spirited horse in Hyde Park, w h en the animal suddenly became restive, and shying from one side of the road t o the other, threw his rider with great violence. Assistance was procured, and Mr. Cotton was removed in a carria g e to his own residence, where he was found to have re ceiveds severe concussion on the brain. VERSES , ON THE DEPOSITION OF THE REV. THOMAS WRIGHT, BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE CHURCH OF SCOTLAND. We select the following lines, from a short poem on this cruel proceeding, written, we believe, by the Rev. Robert Morehead, rector of a parish in the north of England, and connected by marriage with the family of Lord Jeffrey. The parish of Borthwick, from which Mr. Wright has been ejected, after having faithfully 1 . er formed his sacred duties for more than twenty years, lies in a sweet rural district, about twelve miles south of Edinburgh, and is distinguished as the birth-place of several remarkable men ' • among others, Princip a l Ro bertson, th e hi stor i an of Scotland, and for a long time the successful opponent, in the Assembly, of the party who, during the last month, earned for themselves the unenviable notoriety of being the most relentless perse cutors of the present age. The " Gianl Fortress," re ferred to in the verses, is Borthwick Castle, built by Lord Borthwick, in 1436. Here Mary Queen of Scots, with Bothwell, took refuge previous to the fatal battle of Carberry Hill, which left her at the mercy of her dis contented subjects. The subjoined remarks are con tained in a note appended to the poem, by the Editor of Tait's Magazine : "To our southern readers - it may be necessary to ex plain that this poem refers to an episode in the extra ordinary proceedings of the late memorable General Assembly of the Church of Scotland. After certain brief and rather inquisitorial proceedings in an inferior Ecclesiastical Court, it has pleased that venerable body, or a ma.;ority of them, to eject from his living one of their brethren, who, as a truly good and a religious man, and an exemplary parish minister, it is enough to say, has been faithfully portrayed by the writer of the above poem. The grounds of charge were certain pas sages found in religious works which he had given to the world many years ago—some of them having been pub lished for nearly twenty years without offence, until these late unhappy times of the Kirk. One of his works, " The Morning and Evening Sacrifice"—is now in a tenth or twelfth edition, and has long formed a kind of Book of Common Prayer in guiding the devotions of half the families of Scotland. We believe, however, that no offence against high Calvinistic doctrines has been found in it ; nor were the proceedings against its author able to mar his usefulness, or estrange from him the affections of his parishioners, whose sympathies have been vividly called forth by what they considered the persecution of their faithful and esteemed minister. His flock were probably much abler to judge of the effect of his pious ministrations upon their own hearts, and of the influence of his own example, than of nice polemic distinctions, or the soundness of his theological opinions ;—of the religious and bene vo l en t life of their beloved pastor, th an o f those philosophical speculations in his books, out of which a constructive heresy has been fished by a band of clerical agitators. Mr. Wright has been a meek, perhaps, in the circumstances, a too meek, too forbearing sufferer ; and his case' has excited much quiet sympathy among the laity, and also among a re spectable body of the clergy of Scotland, who see not only grievous individual hardship, but deep injury to the cause of religion, and to the Presbyterian Church, in this violent divorce from his people, of a minister to whom they were, and are, warmly attached. How is the public. which cannot be made to understand con structive heresies, or mystical theology, to reconcile this proceeding with that flaming regard for the indepen dence and rights of " the Christian people," which this party in the Kirk profess ?" Soft breath'd the gales o'er Borthwiek's woodland bowers, Bright glow'd her broomy banks with opening flowers, Clear down her valley stole the quiet rill, Beneath the russet steep of fir-crown'd hill; While on the opposing slope, from blossom'd screen, Her modest manse was half-retiring seen ; The peaceful church, the village school, were near, The giant Fortress frowning in the rear,— While closing far the " long-withdrawn vale," The hazy l'entlands raised their foreheads pale. Such was the day—(not many years have flowe)— When with a friend emerging from the town, To this sweet scene my ready steps I bent, Where lived a priest, in "measureless content." With cultur'd mind, yet with no sickly taste Beyond the rustic home where he was placed,— Their guide, adviser, friend, be dwelt among His people—prized alike by old and young. In our wild walks, which varied themes beguile, Each passing peasant had a word or smile ; .Each ruddy urchin had a nod or look, `That mingled kindness e'en with a rebuke ; Familiar with them all, free, not severe, His was the love that knew to cast out fear. Yet no respect was wanting,—you could see They in His servant felt the Diety. 0 what a day was this !—while Nature round In human bosoms a true mirror found, And not a sunbeam, quivering leaf, or bird, But some responsive feeling met, and stirred ! Nature is still the same—the breezes still Wave the new broom-buds scenting from the hill ; Still round these walls, deserted of their lord, The fruit•trees blossom, and his skill record ; Nature is still the same—but man's fell breath O'er that sweet-scene has scattered seeds of death ? Has, with a withering blight, its beauty soiled, And human bosoms of fair peace despoiled ! The old, who winter's snows could fearless tread, To gather from his lips of life the bread ; The young, to whom his precepts, if severe, Alone his mild example could endear; E'en the school-children, on God's holy-day, Who round him knelt, and learnt, from him to pray-. All feel their spirits sunk in some dread gloom, As 'twere precursor of the General Doom : There needs no prophet's lore to have it proved, A people mourn whose teachers are removed I 0 was it well religious hands, but rude, Of non-intrusionists, should here extrude ? Say, if the people's voice can render vain A legal entrance, may it not retain? And what requir'd his exile ?—did the charm Of social pleasures stricter rules disarm, And wile him on tea disgraceful end, Which we might pity, but could not defend ? O no ! a purer life, without pretence, Ne'er graced devotion and beneficence ! Might not some pity then, some melting ruth, Stay you, stern Ministers of rigid truth ? Might not the dread of greater ills to flow From dear bonds ruptured, by so fierce a blow, Than from a speck, imagin'd more than seen, Thrown on your faith—not worth the pains to clean—• Have made you pause, ere, reckless, thus recall Those long-laid lions, sleeping by the wall, Which, once awaken'd, now will not be staid, But rend e'en you who roused them to your aid. If prayer can from our land such doom avert, For you, and for the Zion of his heart, Your victim's prayers preferred are on record : The prophet-martyr thus addressed his Lord 4 , If upon this, or any future day, Injustice, malice, shall beset may way ; II any of my brethren render ill, Let me submit, 0 Lord, to thy high will Whate'er my suffering, may I bear my part Meekly, nor curse my neighbour in my heart ; But still remembering against thee, my God, My sins are many, let me kiss the rod ; May others, at my hand, forgiveness gain, Such as from Thee, I trust, for Christ's sake, to obtain !" Such are, I deem his feelings a t thi s h our , Though whate'er can embitter them, ye pour Into his cup,—still he will say of you— " Father, forgive !—they know not what they do !" Then, now malign'd, as if they bore a stain, His precious works shall after him remain,— Remain to sweeten and compose mankind, When holy feuds are given to the wind ; O'er temperate times to exercise control, And raise their " Living Temple' 't in the soul ; Remain, to sink into the hearts of those Who yet " will blush their fathers were his foes ;" When happier lights on Christian spirits fall ; And charity expands, and God is " all in all !"—R. M. • See prayer for Tuesday morning in " Morning and Even ing Sacrifice." f. The title of another of Mr. Wright's religious works. THE QUEEN'S SPEECH, AND APPEAL TO THE COUNTRY. The Queen's speech, as the Tories anxiously remind us, is the speech of her Ministers. We admit it, and had the speech been expressive of her Majesty's own sentiments instead of the counsels of her advisers, we believe it would have spoken more to the hearts of the people, and would have done more to kindle enthusiasm. Ministers, in advising their Sovereign to deliver a speech in support of their own policy, have a cold task of Stat e reserves to perform, and must of necessity say much less than the occasion fairly warrants. If the monopolists themselves were in power, and were drawing a speech for the Que en , t h ey would hardly havthe up immodesty to express all they think as to com merce, and to declare, in the frank language of their or gan, the Standard, that " England would be as great and powerful, and all useful Englishmen would be as rich as they are, though one ruin should ingulf all the manufacturing towus and diztricts of Great Britain." If the etiquette of State would have allowed the Queen's Speech to rise to the height of the present great occasion, it would certainly have been far more calcu lated to stir the spirit of the people ; but calm and for bearant as it is, it is the most acceptable speech ever do ivered from the Throne of England.—Examiner. REPETITION OF THE WILFUL ATTEMPTS TO DESTROY the PICTURES IN THE METROPOLITAN EXHl hoef malicious and rascall y T the i N W . o — rk T s attempts to damage miscreayn't hiassf collection of the Royal Aca demy, we regret to sa The Gallery of British A the an imitator, or it may be the same author of the mischief. Pall mall East, was d of ispla a y selected yesterday in Suffolk-street, v o a f luable painting th for a second villainy, and is the t p h a e rtia r l esn d l e t. struc T tio h n e picture is No. 597 in the catalogue, and is marked as sold. It is in illustration of the Witch of Datchworth, from the text of Strut's Queen Hoo Hall, and is painted by Mr. Thomas Clater, who Focrtrays the two rustic damsels listening w ith superstitious wonderment to the witch's prophecies. The eyes of one of the younger damsels are scraped out, as if by the forcible thrusting of the finger nail into the soft paint, and thus the canvas is literally laid bare in a portion of the work most important to the composition. The effect pro duced by this dastardly act is singu larl y infelicitous, giving to that which was all loveliness the most hideous effect. It will require great skill to restore it to its ori ginal state. A high reward is offered for the detection of the offender, whom, it is feared, possesses neither the ex cuse of a want of knowledge of art, nor of the absence of education to justify; an act which a savage would shrink from committing. It is feared, that this villainy is stimulated by some thoughtless wager. If such be the case the keepers of other galleries of art shizikld be doubly watchful, as doubtless a visit to all of them in turn is contemplated for the same rascally purpose. THE HOUSE OF INDUSTRY.—A hive of bees, the property of the Rev. John Darcey, of Marton, has swarmed three times this season.—Macelesfielcl Courier. EVENING SUN THE CHINESE COLLECTION AT PHILADELPHIA. The fame of Mr. Dunn's extensive Chinese museum is not confined to the , land in which it has been opened—the United States. It is well known to all the world that the indefatigable American, after the termination of his successful toils in the field of commerce, the chosk theatre of which was the Celestial Empire, has come 'it tic to his native shores laden with the fruits of "'hy years' diligent and patient acquisition, the re- Jilts of incessant yet ungrudging expense. Mr. Dunn having conceived the laudable idea of forming a collection of all sorts of things characteristic of the extraordinary country and people to which he had re paired for mercantile purposes, a sort of hive was pre pared for their r ece pti on , an d being visited in the way of his business by numerous Chinamen who had the in telligence to appreciate, as well as the liberality and dis position to assist in the execution of his design, each of them placed himself, in one shape or another, qi&r contribution. The int er i or o f Chi na i s as a :orffired book. Even the city of Canton is impenetrable to strangers. Personally, therefore, Mr. Dunn could have access to nothing—inspect nothing. Neither the com mon workshops, the houses, the private apartments, nor the manufactories of the empire, or any portion of it, were visible to him, so that the whole of his valu able accumulations had to be effected through such tri butary channels, as by cultivation, courteous treatment, and hospitality lie was enabled to command. At his house were to be found on frequent occasions the most eminent merchants atid officers of tie Government, who were either permanently or temporarily resident at Can ton, and through the intervention of these he procured in some instances as presents, in others by purchase, sure and costly articles, which were not commonly within the reach of foreigners. One thing came in after another, and thus it was the interesting collection, the mag num opus, was at kaigth completed. Professor Silliman, of Yale College, gives a brief account of the novel ex hibition as it appears in its new locality, though of the three hundred cases out of which it is composed, only a part have been unpacked. From this account we extract a few particulars The "entrance partition" of Chinese work forms a vestibule leading to the great saloon of 165 feet in length, by 70 feet in width and 24 in height, with a double colonnade. On the right and left are dis tributed the numerous cases containing specimens of " all that is unique, curious. or common, to be procured in the empire." The screen is such as is in general use among the wealthy Chinese in partitioning off a very spacious saloon from the remainder of the great ground floor of their houses. It forms a beautiful termination to the roorp. " Hours, nay, days and weeks," says Dr. Silliman, "may be profitably employed in examining the details presented by this Wag. nificent saloon, which brings the most populous don of Asia at once before the spectator." Accuratz Aole length likenesses in clay, to the number of 70 or 80, wiiich , were modelled from living subjects by an experienced ar tist, include personages of various rank, from the manda rin to the coolie ; from ladies of distinction to the poor woman employed in sculling their boats on the river. Each re - presents "a speaking countenance" in a style of art per fectly new in this part of the world. The effect is to exhibit to the spectator the inhabitants of China as theyreally exist. The remarks made by Dr. Silliman on the porcelain and earthenware manufacture of china are well worthy the attention of the potteries, and all connected with them. "In this department," he says, " endeavours have teen successfully made to procure the best specimens of all the most expensive manufactures of the country, embracing several very ancient and highly esteemed articles. Here are many hundred jars, vases; pipe'stands, and various services used by the Chinese, differing materially from those exported. The specimens of ware cracked on the surface by age, are interesting and costly. There must be several thousand pieces of fine china, incriTtling the thin egg-shell cup with its lettered inscriptions, octagon pipe -stands, three or four feet in height, inscribed land marks, tile work, screens, &c., in very. numerous pat terns ; affording us Barbarians' new ideas on the sub ject of their manufactures, and probably new patterns for our artists." Among agricultural and other implements is to be seen " the very crude plough that is drawn by the buffido, with his simple yoke and rope traces. The harrow, differing very materially , from that of our country, is one of the accompaniments. There are forks, rakes, hoes, axes, shovels, spades of wood faced with iron for the sake of economy, &c. ; a complete set of carpenter's and joiner's, or cabinet maker s tools. Theie is a native shoemaker's shop com plete ; a blacksmith's anvil, his curious bellows, &c., comprising the complete accoutrements of the travelling smith ; the entire shop of the ambulatory barber, his clumsy short razor, cases, &c. The musical instruments of the Chinese also figure in full among the turiosities, and castings of iron of very great beauty, cons i st i ng o f pots, kettles, and other cooking utensils of universal uses and which, unlike our own of the same metal, may be mended at pleasure as easily'iti our tin vessels." " The models of boats," continues Dr. &Inman, " form a striking feature of the scene ; first, we have the gor geous flower boat with its numerous decorations, various furnished apartments of comfort and luxury, ”d . painted and adorned in the peculiar style of the Asiatics. Of the canal boats there are three models of different sizes of such as are used in conveying the articles of their pro duce, teas, salt, grain, and manufactured articles, to and from the distant points of the extensive empire, and in loading and unloading fiaireign ships. There is the roan of-war boa*. These tide-waiter's boats, or cutters, are always cruising about with the(' police officers, to keep order among the numerous rdF.adents on the water, and to enforce the revenue laws. The sanpans are family boats, in which it is computed about 200,000 per sons constantly reside on the seaters before the city of Canton and its suburbs ; they are kept as clean as a milk-pail, and contain entire families, who are born and live to the end of their days on the river. This great city of boats presents a remarkable aspect ; through them it would be difficult to navigate, were it not that the fleet is arranged in streets, and at n i g ht li g h te d up. We greatly ight in summer houses, as who does not? Four models of these " exhibit the peculiar taste of the Chinese; some are plain, and others very orna mental, with their scalloped roof, bells, gilding, paint ing, &e., and furnished with miniature chairs, tables, &c., models of real things, every part being complete for the luxuries of tea and the pipe. Tea is the univer sal beverage; this is sold at from eight cents the pond up to many dollars, and is an article on which some of their citizens expend a very large income. The work ing man carries it in his rude teapot to the fields, and drinks it cold to quench his thirst, while the more wealthy sip it on every occasion of ceremony, -business, or familiar intercourse." The pictures are very numerous. They occupy the greatest surface of the collection, and are the productions of the principal artists of the empire, not excepting those of Pekin, the capital. - There are " large and inte. resting views of Macao, Bocce.Tigris, Whampoa, Canton. and Honam, with its remarkable temples, &c. The por traits will astonish those who have seen only the paltry daubs usually brought as specimens of the art in China. There is one of the high priest of the Homan Temple, and there are others of distinguished men well known ht Canton, worked with the minuteness of miniature paint ing. This department comprises also a variety of paint ings on glass, an art much practised by the natives ; pic tures of all the boats peculiar to the country ; of rooms —their domestic arrangements ; of all the costumes of people of rank : the furniture, lanterns, and, in short, of every variety of Chinese life, from the most degraded class to the Emperor. The flowers embroidered on satin, &c., will attract the eye of female visitors." Faced by a very superb alcove, brought from Chic" it a Chinese room. " The alcove itself consists of wood deeply carved out of solid blocks, the carving represents figures - of men, animals, birds, flowers, am The cutting penetrates through the whole of each piece, and forms a net work, the front being painted and gilt in the Asiatic taste, with the rich colours for which the nation is so celebrated." Of furniture, books, and natural history there appear to be numerous and valuables pecimens. " There are book-cases, c h a i rs exhibiting great taste and refinement, stands inlaid with marble and precious wood, such as ma y be placed between every two chairs to hold the tea appa ratus, or those little ornaments or flower-pots of which the Chinese are so fond. There is also a common table, such as is in universal use, and has been for centuries, which will be recognised by our present generation as a fac-simile of the favourite great grandfathers, now thrust by modern fashion into the kitchen or garret. It foldseig:p ei gh t -legged table of our as those do, and the legs are turned in rings ; this, like a thoNsand things ita the saloon, proves that our common usages have been de rived from China, where we are accustomed to believe they are centuries behind us. The vases and seats of Porcelain are particularly rich and unique." Mr. Dunn was enabled by " industry, money, EU tery, and kindness, to amass a great variety of birds, &c.. and a few animals. Of these, all have arrived in good co ndition, w i t h the ex fishes, reptiles, were a p el al y tic in particularly ri enk h . unpack inn, and when curious, have e su ffered ception of the insects. The butterflies, moth s , & c., , n ,, and by natural causes." seen in most Canton vire by the - The conchology is fully represented in many r id i whichlast specimens, and one of the rarest birds, the mandi r i n duck, with its peculiar plu m ag e, is new to most p eop l e. The China partridge, and many beautiful so n , add variety and interest to the collection. Th e birds, e fishes were procured principally at the fishing stations at Macao, where Mr. Dunn had far several months a* agent for the express purpose, nor is the museum want ink in drawings of plants and flowers, or in minerals.. Ot the miscellanies it is observed, a The jos-house pa godas, articles of virtu, of ornament, of stone , of • St go , ivory, bamboo, wood, metal, ricc, &c. aro so numerous that we can only allude to them. A case of shoe:, in all their course or ornamental variety, exhibit tik e f orm of the compressed female feet, and the clams, -he f..those of the male ; another of caps fresh; " spe e malls, with the button of office, and „Le from their cheaper kinds of the poor ; theatrical dresses, :Hewn • to be those of the very ancient Chinese--sr. .ctac es opium and other pipes, taps, the compo se great variety, models of fruits, coins, exquisite specimens of carving in ivory, metal, stone, and bamboo, very numerous and gro tesclue carvings from roots of trees, in which they exhibit a peculiar taste, singular brushes, combs, beau tiful vessels of odoriferous wood for their altars and temples, of which latter there are models ; very nume rous ornamental stands, carved with good taste ; huge cameos in stone of great cost ; fine specimens of their lacquered ware, as well as of their common ware ; a silk embroidered saddle ; a water-wheel worked like our modern treadmill ; a fan for sifting tea, resembling our own ; lanterns of every possible shape, size, and orna meat, will be suspended from various points, vith th • r rich and tasteful paintings ' • there is a mo d e l of their very singular coffin, w h ic h few would even guess was, designed to contain the last relics of humanity. The only collection in Eur o p e which ma y . be a t all compared to that o f M r . D unn, is the lade ofej ap ftn ese articles at the H ague. Th ese are very be u - are highly pri ze d, as t h ey de serve to be, atl ul4 and by the Dutcis. 11 ',1 t,,'0f3714 frA ~, ,~ `r'~~; 0,,,,, _,--!, :0 , -,,4 r.'. 04 ~F ;1.1"i eN_ 4 , O