The Sun. — London, England, 1841-07-03 00:00:00

MORNING SUN. OVERLAND MAIL. The following are additional extracts from the papers re ceived by the overland mail : SlhuE OF CHIRGONG, IN BUNDLEKUND. This appears to have been a very smart and well contested affair ; the enemy fought gallantly, and although our detach ment was a pretty strong one, our victory was not very easy. I . It, appears that the force, consisting of the infantry of the Bundlekund Legion (900), three companies of the Gwahor Contingent (180), one company of the 13th Native Infantry (85), the cavalry of the .Bundlekund Legion (400), two 9-pounders and one howitzer of the contingent, and two 6-pounders of the Legion, marched from Jhansi on the even ing of the 9th ult. to a place called Maiapore, three miles to the southward of Chirgong. On the 10th the camp moved to Nuri, about the same distance to the north-west, and before day break of the 11th the whale force moved upon Chir gong. About daybreak our advance came upon the enemy, 50 horse and 250 foot ; but as our troops formed and advanced with the utmost steadiness the enemy fell back upon the village of Cherona, and after firing it, retreated to Chirgong. Our camp then was moved up from Nuri to occupy the ground in, the rear of the village, and a squadron, under Lieutenant Werner of the Bundlekund Cavalry, sent out to reconnoitre. 'When about parallel with the fort, the reconnoitring party was saluted by a smart fire from sume five or six guns, which did not very much execution, one horse only having been wounded, though Lieutenant Werner himself very narrowly escaped, a shot having struck the ground close to him. With out. any further damage the squadron regained the main force, and the enemy opened, with some vigour, upon our camp. Some round shot passed through two or three of our tents, and wounded some of our men. Ou this a nine-pounder and howitzer were run up, and a sandbag battery hastily erected at about 800 yards from the fort, on which our guns opened with good effect, and in less than half an hour nearly silenced the enemy's fire. Our tents were then struck and sent to the rear, out of range of the enemy's guns. Pickets were posted at different points, and the day's work was closed. On the 12th nothing was done. On the 13th a party of grasscutters having been sent out for forage, a party of the enemy endeavoured to cut them off on their return to camp. Lieutenant Werner was sent out with a troop to the support of the camp followers, but when advancing upon a body of the enemy, about one hundred in number, who had been annoying him with their matchlocks, just as he was about to give the word to " charge," he was asto nished by a shower of rockets, which put the horses in confusion. He soon rallied the troop, but the enemy had retreated behind the stockades, from which they opened a galing fire, whilst another party took him in flank from a village called Puhari. Nothing was to be done but to retreat, which was fortunately done without any loss either of man or horse. On the 14th and 15th nothing was done. On the 16th reinforcements arrived from Cawnpere, three companies of the 52d Native Infantry, a troop of the Bth Cavalry under Captain Barbor, and the battering train (two 18-pounders and two mortars) under Captain Pepper. On the morning of the 7th, the mortars were got into battery, and on the evening of the same day the heavy guns were placed also. Next morning the ordnance set to work in earnest, and twice the town was fired by the shells, but each time the flames were got under. The enemy returned our fire, but not with much effect, though tolerably well directed. Our practice is described as having told well on the citadel, and the town was towards the evening again ignited, but the blaze was soon subdued. On the 19th, it having been judged that a stockaded garden to the right of the fort would furnish the best position for our breaching batteries, Captain Jamieson, of the 52d, with a detachment of three companies of infantry and a squadron of horse, went out, at two o'clock in the, morning, to get possession of it ; but, owing to the thick darkness of the night, the party separated, missed their way, and were able to do nothing. On the 20th, an hour before daybreak, the same detachment moved out again, and carried the garden in gallant style, after a meat determined resist ance. it appears that when, about 100 yards from the ditch of the stockade, four rounds of shrapnel were fired from the, howitzer to clear the garden, but there was no symptom of an enemy. The companies were then advanced to move back the brambles, and clear a passage for the troops. Some of our men had just given over their muskets to set to work un encumbered, when a tremendous discharge of stinkpots and rockets fell among the detachment, and put them in confusion. They could scarcely be rallied, before a galling fire from two hundred matchlocks was poured upon them, which disabled many of our men, and would have done more ex ecution but for the previous discharge, which prostrated many of them. Our men, it is said behaved admirably—they soon rallied, formed, and fired a volley, which was succeeded by a pretty brisk exchange of compliments. By this time the 6-pounders which had been sent for arrived, together with a company of the 13th Native Infantry. The guns were planted at the two northern extremities of the garden, and played prettily along the trenches, sweeping them with grape ; the infantry then, with a loud cheer, rushed into the garden by a small aperture, in the west face. The enemy did not stay to re ceive them, but retreated into the town as our troops entered. The stockaded garden being thus in our possession, the detachment threw up a temporary work before them, com posed of sandbags and cotton. bales, to cover them from the severe fire of the enemy, which lasted. till three o'clock. Our ordnance here played beautifully—raked the whole face from which the enemy were assailing us, and, indeed, were the salvation of the detachment. A sharp fire was kept up from the town till nine o'clock, and at midnight the place was eva cuated. It appears that the force was not strong enough in the cavalry arm to surround the fort and cut off the retreat of the enemy. The town when taken presented a sad picture of desolation; not a soul was to be seen in it, and the ravages of fire were everywhere visible. A large powder magazine was exploded after our people had got into the town, but we do not know if it occasioned any loss. In the affair of the 20th three of our men were killed and 82 wounded, many of whom are not expected to recover. The Jaghcerdar has made off to Tehree, and the Jagheer been formally resumed. EXTRAORDINARY SUICIDE OF CAPTAIN COX. Captain George Hamilton Cox, Secretary of the Fire In surance Company, who had formed an injudicious connexion with an actress of Calcutta, had, for the last two or three days, been observed to be labouring under great depression of spirits in consequence of his wife and children being daily expected from England. He went to the theatre, from which he re turned to his lodgings at the Bengal Club about nine o'clock, and then, with the greatest deliberation, blew out his brains with a pistol, litetally shattering to pieces the whole of his head. After his return• it appears he wrote a letter to the Coroner, one-to the editor of the Ehglishman, and a third to the actress we have . spoken of, and then, sending his servants out of the rola', seated himself in a chair, which he adjusted in a corner of the closet, with a brace of loaded pistols in his hand, and shot himself through the head with one of them. One pistol was found still loaded on the chair beside the corpse, which remained in a recumbent posture, and the other was picked asp on the ground near the chair. An inquest was held on the body of Captain Cox, at which the following letters, written by the deceased immediately before his death, were read : " TO THE CORONER. AND JURORS ON MY INQUEST. " I am unwilling, Gentlemen, to give you unnecessary trouble in searching for evidence, to form an opinion on the cause ‘ of my having shot myself. It was unhappiness ; you will hind no more, search as you will. I have very long and deeply thought on the subject, but all men will live as long as they can, until they reach that point of endurance beyond which the soul cannot be forced. 'Tis no pleasant thing to blow your brains out, I can assure you, and requires a resolution and determination to do it. I have not perpetrated the act under any temporary or immediate excitement—in fact, I put off the deed for some days to effect a particular object. " I obtained the pistols many days ago from Messrs. Tul.. loch and Co., to whom I beg they may be returned. They were, I think, sent on inspection only. The powder I pur ,chased from Mr. Thompson a few days later again, and having completed a few arrangements I take my leave. Inquire of those who saw me latest, if you please; you will find I laboured under no excitement that was perceptible to them. My feelings, of course, were wrong, but the wounds were known only to myself. If I had not been extremely unhappy, I should not have shot myself. Insanity has never been in my family, and I am as cool and collected at this writing as I have ever been. " The office I conducted is in good order, and is steadily progressing. My worldly prospects are good, but a man can swot work with a broken heart. I hope your verdict (after such inquiry as you may please to make) will be, Found shot by himself,' or something to that effect, but not from temporary excitement or derangement. " April 29. - "G. HAMILTON COX. "P. S.—l solicit the cheapest and meanest funeral—no puckah grave, no mourning coach, no parson's fees—outside a churchyard I shall be as comfortable as in it. Attend, Gen tlemen, to ths wishes of a dead man, who va...ues not mere forms, and I would thank Sou if I could. Dr. Goodeve is my medical adviser." " TO DA. GOODEVIC. rr My dear Goodeve,—You caught me in the midst of the preparations for death ; defend me, then, from the often cruel and unjust verdict of ' temporary insanity or excitement. My abjection to the verdict is, that it often acts as a taint and a slur on a whole family, otherwise I care not one straw for the opinion of the world, for it—though it may affect his prospects—virtually makes a man neither better nor worse than he is. " But I think there is something revolting in the idea that the faults of a father should be visited on his children. It is bad enough for human nature that many diseases are here ditary ; hence, doubtless, the wise saw of a certain big b oo k , 'wherein it says that ' sins of the father shall be,' & c . I die as firm and unshaken in my belief as a man 'can do. No man (for how can we believe contrary to our' convi e _ tion ?) can put faith in aught which, in his opinion, is not supported by proof or probability ; consequently not to be lieve is no crime. " I do not believe a man killing himself a crime, so I take my life when I find it burdensome. The inquest may bring me in mad if they will, I can't help it; but those are seatiments I have maintained for years. I consequently call on you, as a physician, and as a man of honour, to assert, that when you last saw me and during your acquaintance with m e, you never saw me suffer from aberration of mind, and you saw me settling petty debts and writing my farewell letters. Farewell to tbee likewise ; best thanks for allyour kindness; accept the enclosed as a trifling return for all your attentions, and believe me till life has sped (which will not be for some hours yet), " Your's, sincerely, "-April 1841. " G. HAMILTON COX. " I have shattered my carcass enough, so .quietly bury me without cutting me up. It is strange the antipathy a man has to dissection. So, as the pistol has done its work, spare the knives." " TO MR. WESTERMAN. " My dear Sir,—Let me beg the kindness of your imme diately assuring yourself that the cash account, funds, and affairs of the fire insurance office are correct, and of your in forming the public so, and that the prospects of the Company are slowly but steadily advancing. " Cooly Coornar Mookerjee, the head writer, is a good man, 4nd in its present. state capable of conducting the office. It would generally add to the prosperity of the company if yourself or some other gentleman of the company would act gratuitously for a few months,%by signing the papers as acting secretary. The business is clear and simple. The expenses of printing forms, rules, certificates, advertising, &c., ire ex tremely heavy for so young an institution, of the eventual success of which there can to no doubt. No man can tell to the exact day he can suffer unhappiness ; but there is a point beyond which none can go in misery. I have put the hour off—as who would not ?—as long as 1 could ; but my cup of bitterness has been filled ; neither cheerfulness, which I by nature possess, nor hope nor prospects can urge me on further ; but when you receive this a broken spirit will be at rest. " Your's, sincerely, " April 29, 1841. C. HAMILTON COX. " I have drawn my salary from the Company up to the day of my death. ' After a short delib?ration the Coroner's Jury, with the ex ception of 1 among 13, returned a verdict of Edo de se. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sia,—ln your report of the Greenwich election the other day, you state that Mr. Angerstein seconded the nomination of Sir George Cockburn. I shall be obliged to you to correct this error : which I take upon me to notice, as my father is absent in Lincolnshire, interesting himself in Lord Worsley's election for that county. I am, Sir, your obedient servant, AN, Captain awl Lieutenant-Col H onel, Ur GEßSTElN etiaiisr Guards. Jermyn-sheet, July 1. THE LIVERPOOL ELECTION. We have to announce, and we do it withmuch sorrow, that Liverpool, the great western empo rium of commerce, has stultified itself in the eyes of the country and the world, by returning two champions of monopoly and exclusion—the great banes of commerce, as its representatives in Parliament. Knowing well, however, the materials of which-a large proportion of the con stituency of Liverpool is composed, we must confess that our mortification, deep as it is, is mingled with a very slight feeling of disappoint ment. We felt a shadow of hope that there was common sense enough amongst the electors of Liverpool to see that the measures proposed by her Majesty's Government, and virulently op posed by the party to which their late and pre sent representatives belong, were calculated greatly to promote the welfare and prosperity of the nation at large, and of Liverpool in parti- . cular, ant! that they had common honesty and common prudence enough to prefer their own permanent advantage and that of their countrymen at large to any petty present and temporary benefit, in the shape either of a bribe, or the retention of an un principled and domineering customer. The event has proved that we were greatly mistaken in our estimate, and that so far as Liverpool is concerned, the Reform Bill has been a dea letter. We have given the official return elsed where. It shows a majority, including the tenders, of 1,330 for Lord Sandon over Sir Joshua Walmsley, and of 1,546 over Lord Palmerston ; for Mr. Cresswell a majority of 1,145 over Sir Joshua Walmsley, and of 1,361 over Lord Pal merston ; whilst at the last general election in 1837 the majority of Lord Sandon over Mr. Ewart was only 405, and that of Cresswell only 371. It has not yet been ascertained what proportion the old freemen bear to the household voters on the poll, but as upwards of a thousand new free men have been admitted since the last election, this may serve to account in some degree for the increased majorities of the Tory candidates, and we have little or no doubt that an examination of the poll-book will show that in this, as in every former instance, the householders have declared for the Liberals, the freemen for the Tories—so that, as we have already observed, the freemen being notoriously purchaseable by the highest bidder, the Reform Bill is a dead letter here. It is their boast and pride, and no little of their profit, that they can turn the scale at any time, and decide the election. But admitting the power and influence of the blne jackets, as they are fond of styling themselves,,it would be idle to deny the credit, such as it .is, which is due to the black-coated gentlemen, who, for some years past, have been exerting themselves both in the pulpit and out of it, to sow religious dissensions amongst the inhabitants —to array oue class against another—to blas pheme the name of God—and to debase Chris tianity by minting them with the bribery, the intimidation, the drunkenness and demoralization which have long been the great and successful weapons of the soi-disant pious, and God-fearing Tories of Liverpool in election contests. " You have now," said Lord Sandon, in an nouncing the result of the contest on Wednesday evening, "you have now been reaping the har vest of that good seed which has been sown among you for years past. It is not in vain that the ministers of the gospel have been labouring among you. It is 'not in vain they have been teaching you that the good Protestant and the good Churchman ought to be at the same time the good politician, and that if he wishes to have the institutions of his country preserved, he must support the men who are attached, morally and religiously, to the Church themselves. No, gentlemen, this good seed has not been sown in vain, and the fruits of it have been exhibited, not only in the victory of to-day, but in the order and the good behaviour of this great community, which have been so signally evinced by your conduct at the present election." Of the ir reverence of. this perversion of the words of the Redeemer—of the profanity which dares to ap ply expressions spoken of the progress of the Gospel to the increase of Toryism and bigotry in their worst shape, we shall say nothing, for the Tories seem to consider themselves privileged persons in such matters; but it is beyond all dis pute that from the seed, such as it is, sown by firebrands, no small portion of the har vest of Toryism in this town has proceeded, and to them the tribute paid in the exclamation " We have the clergy to thank for it," which pro ceeded from the crowd, is justly due. The trans planting of Irish Orangeism into Liverpool—the bloody feuds—the attacks on places of worship —all in the names of " Church and Constitu tion," and " No-Popery," are mere trifles in Tory eyes, lay and clerical, seeing that the spirit from which they proceed contributes mainly to Tory triumph at elections. To this spirit and to besotted, pitiable ignorance of their own true interests, We attribute the fact, that on Wednes day last the poor and needy of both sexes, and of all ages,. might be seen in the streets of Liverpool bedizened with Tory colours, which were freely distributed for that purpose, and bawling " Sandon and Cresswell :for ever," an exclamation which, so far as they are concerned, may be truly tran slated as meaning, " Hurrah for dear bread, hurrah for dear sugar, and short employment !" Yet, another element of the Tory success, we grieve to say, was the defection of many pro fessing Liberals, including not a few of those who signed the requisitions to Lord Palmerston and §ir Joshha Walmsley, and yet voted for their opponents. We are promised their names, and if they writhe under the exposure of their infamy, no man can deny that they deserve it. The election being over, it would be useless now to attempt any dissection of the " bald dis jointed chat" uttered by Lord Sandon and his political disciple at the hustings on the day of nomination; even if we had the requisite time and space at. our disposal. Having neither, we must defer our comments on sonic of the un founded assertions, shuffling evasions, absurd fal lacies, and gross misrepresentations with which the speech of Lord Sandon was liberally gar nished, to a' future opportunity. For the present we must content ourselves with observing that the speeches of Lord Sandon and his double were contemptible both in matter and manner, and with referring bur readei`s to the admirable speeebds of IVIr. Aiken and Sir Joshua Walms ley, which are in the strongest possible contrast with the Tory candidates. Our excellent towns man has lost no honour by his defeat. On the contrary, the high character which he has ob tained for talent, energy, industry, and zeal, stands higher than ever it did before, and if the time should ever come when Liverpool can boast of a purified constituency, or when the electors shall be allowed the free and conscientious ex ercise of their opinions, we have no doubt what ever that, should lie again solicit the suffrages of his fellow-townsmen, they will place him triumphantly at the 'head of the poll.—Liverpool Mercury. THE WEATHER.—NooN, JULY 2. ROYAL GALLERY OF SCIENCE, ADELAIDE-STREET. Baronieter Thermometer... 64 f Highest 64 ( Lowest Wind N.W.—Freezing Point 32 Deg. MIGRATION OF TURKEYS.—Sorne trareilcrs have 4 alleged that flocks of these birds, to the extent of 0o .or 500, are frequently fallen in with, in those sections of the country wh*e they most abound, at those periods o , f the quest of year when they are making their regular : ular excur- storks in some favourite species of food but if any su c h m instances have been et - with, they must have been something very extraordinary indeed ; for through tionvtuh that t in formation whose arties opportunities o t rhteusle extensive experience, and from all the in tieave been able to collect among persons birds s rd of observing the habits and peculi arities have been even more extensive than my own, I a wild turkeysrar induced to believe that a flock of e e s i i e g el u ng a i: numbers eighty or a hundred is a very is during the autumn thZtlpi part of North America. It as these, previous to theisromseeet3j m c g o o n u gr t congregate in in en s e uc e h f flocks their excursions in search of favourite ri food that the fo rests they have frequented during the summer do not yield, or at least in no great abundance and to b t e h d e o i r n e focon gregatingr together in this way wonudladnsceeem; the purpose of greater safety, as it would be difficult assign any other reason for it. At the period these mi grations take place the young birds are scarcely thirds grown, and consequently have not the strength to make long flights ; hence the greater portion of the journey is performed on foot. In the western country, where many of the rivers are very broad, the weaker part of these birds find it exceedingly difficult to effect a passage ; and hence a halt for a day or two on the bank of the river frequently takes place, during which the old birds, as their notes and gestures indicate, appear busily engaged in exciting the weaker portion of the flock to make the attempt to cross over ; and when at length it has to be undertaken, the taller trees are mounted in order to give them all the advantage an elevated perch possesses. Audubon asserts—and I have, heard similar statements made by persons residing in the Ohio Fl a t s —that where the river is of great breadth it is no un common thing to see several of the. weaker birds drop into the water by the time they are half-way across ; but instead of quietly submitting to their fate, and thus soon becoming drowned, they will enct their fan-like tails, turning them adroitly to catch the wind ; and, with the assistance of their powerful legs, paddle away at a respectable speed towards the desired shore.—Old Sport ing Magazine for July. A violent hail-storm occurred at Onoz, in the Jura, a few days since. The stones were many of the size of eggs, and upwards of twenty were collected by one person, each weighing, it is stated, nearly three pounds. The dan-,a;e done to the widtlows, crops, fruit-trees, &c., was immense. The Clermont papers mention a similar storm as having ra vaged some districts in the Limagne of Auvergne, nearly at the sane time. TO THE ABOLITIONISTS OF THE ITE a SitTES. PHILADELPIA, JUNE 7, 1841.-1 vias commissioned by the Committee of the British and Foreign Anti- Slavery Society to present a memorial from them to your President, and proceeded to Washington a few days ago, accompanied by John G. Whittier, of Massa chussetts, and a friend from the State of Delaware. It was my first visit to the seat of legislation of your great republic. On our arrival we went to the House of Representatives then in session. A Member from Maryland was speaking on our entrance, who was the author a resolution which had been carried in a former Congress, excluding nearly three millions of your coun trymen, on whom every species of wrong and outrage is committed with impunity, from all right of petition, either by themselves or friends. He was advocating the re enactment of this very resolution for the present Congress, and stated that he had a letter from your President, ap proving the measure. Although I believe I do not speak too strongly when I say an attempt to enforce such a resolu tion by any crowned head in the civilized world would be inevitably followed by a revolution, yet it seemed evi dent that no small portion of your present members were in favour of it. It was with no ordinary emotion that I saw the venerable ex-President Adams at his post, nobly contending against this violation of the rights of his countrymen, and I could not but regret that, with one or two exceptions, he appeared to find little support from his younger colleagues of the free States. The same day we visited one of the well known slave trading establishments at Alexandria. On passing it we were shown the costly mansion of its late proprietor, who has recently retired on a large property, acquired by the sale of native-born Americans. In an open in closure with high walls, which it is impossible to scale, with a strong iron-barred door, and in which we were told that there were sometimes from 300 to 400 persons crowded, we saw about fifty slaves. Amongst the num ber thus incarcerated, was a woman with nine children, who had been cruelly separated from their husband and father, and would probably be shortly sent to New Or leans, where they would never be likely to see him again, and where the mother may be for ever severed from every one of her children, and each of them sold to a different master. From thence we went to Alexandria city gaol, where we saw a young man who was admitted to be free even by the gaoler himself. He had been seized and committed in the hope that he might prove a slave, and that the party detaining him would receive a reward. He had been kept there nearly twelve months, because he could not pay the gaol fees, and instead of obtaining any redress for false imprisonment, was about to be sold into slavery for a term, to reimburse these fees. The next morning I was desirous of handing to the President the memorial, of which the following is a copy : " ADDRESS to the President of the United States from the Committee of the British and Foreign Anti- Slavery Society. " Sir,—As the head of a great Confederacy of States, justly valuing their free constitution and political orga nization, and tenacious of their rights and their cha racter, the Committee of the British and Foreign Anti- Slavery Society, through their esteemed coadjutor and representative, Joseph Sturge, would respectfully ap proach you in behalf of millions of their fellow-men, held in bondage in the United States. Those millions are not only denied the political immunities enjoyed by the citizens Of your great republic generally, and the equal privileges and the impartial protection of the civil law, but are deprived of their personal rights ; so that they cease to be regarded and treated, under your other wise noble institutions, as men, except in the commis sion of crime, when the utmost rigour of your penal sta tutes is invoked and enforced against them ; and are re duced to the degraded condition of chattels personal' in the hands of their owners and possesscirs, to all in tents, constructions, and purposes whatsoever.' " This is the language and the law of slavery ; and upon this law, guarded with jealousy by their political institutions, the slave-holders of the South rest their , claims to property in man. But, Sir, there are claims anterior to all human laws, and superior to all political institutions, which are immutable in their nature — claims which are the birthright of every human being of every clime and of every colour—claims which God has conferred, and which man cannot destroy without sacri lege, or infringe without sin ; personal liberty is, amongst these, the greatest and the best, for it is the _root of all other rights, the conservetive principle of human asso ciations, the spring of public virtues, and essential to na tional strength and greatness. " The monstrous and wicked assumption of power by man over his fellow-man, which slavery implies, is e abhorrent to the moral sense of mankind, to the immu table principles of justice, to the righteous laws of God, and to the benevolent principles of the Gospel. It is therefore indignantly repudiated by the fundamental laws of all truly enlightened and civilized communities, and by none more than by that over which, Sir, it is your honour to preside. " The great doctrine that God hath created all men equal, and endowed them with certain inalienable rights, and that amongst these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness' is affirmed in your Declaration of Inde pendence, and justified in the theory of your constitu tional laws. But there is a stain upon your glory. Slavery in its most abject and revolting form pollutes your soil ; the wailings of slaves mingle with your songs of liberty ; and the clank of their chains is heard in horrid discord with the chorus of your triumphs. " The records of your States are not less disting uished by their wise provisions for securing the ordr, and maintaining the institutions of your country, than by their ingenious devices for rivctting the chains and per petuating the degradation of your coloured brethren. Their education is branded as a crime against the State ; their freedom is dreaded as a blasting pestilence ; the bare suggestion of their emancipation is proscribed as treason to the cause of American indep9ndence. " These things are uttered in sorrow, for the Commit tee deeply deplore the flagrant inconsistency so glaringly displayed, between the lofty principles embodied in the late charter of your liberties, and the evil practices which have been permitted to grow up under it, to mar its beauty and impair its strength. " But it is not on these grounds alone, or chiefly, that they deplore the existence of slavery in the United States, manifold as are the evils which flow from it, de moralising as are its tendencies, fearful as its reaction confessedly is on its supporters : the reproach of its ex istence does not terminate in the institution which gave it birth : the sublime principles and benign spirit of Christianity are dishonoured by it. In the height of Divine truth, it stands revealed in all its hideous deformity, a crime against God, a daring usurpation of the prerogative and authority of the Most High. It is as a violation of his righteous laws and outrage on his glorious attributes, a renunciation of the claims of his blessed Gospels, that they especially deplore the continuance and support it re ceives among you ; and, in the spirit of Christian love and fraternal solicitude, they would counsel its immes diate and complete overthrow as a solemn and impera tive duty, the performance of which no sordid reasons should be permitted to retard, and no political considera tions to prevent. Slavery is a sin against God, and ought therefore to be abolished. " The utter extinction of slavery and its sister abomi nation, the internal slave trade, second only in horror and extent in the United States to the African, and in some of its features even more revolting, can be argued by the philanthropists of this country only on the ab stract principles of moral and religious duty, and to those principles the people of your great republic are placed, on the side of freedom, beyond every nation of the world. " The negro, by nature our equal, made, like ourselves, in the image of his Creator, gifted with the same intelli gence, impelled by the same passions, and redeemed by the same Saviour, is reduced, by cupidity and oppression, below the level of the brute, spoiled of his humanity, plundered of his rights, and often hurried to a premature grave—the miserable victim of avarice and heedless ty ranny. Men have presumptuously dared to wrest from their fellows the most precious of their rights ; to inter cept, as far as they may, the bounty and grace of the Almighty ; to close the door to their intellectual pro gress ; to shut every avenue to their moral and religious improvement ; to stand between them and their Maker ! It is against this crime the Committee protest as men and as Christians, and they earnestly and respectfully call upon you, Sir, to use the high power with which you are invested to bring it to a peaceful and speedy close. " May you, in closing your public career, and in the latest hours f your existence on earth, be consoled with the reflection, that you have not despised the afflictions of the afflicted, but that, faithful to the trust of your high stewardship, you have been just, ruling in the fear of ymi have executed judgment for the op pressed, and have aided in the deliverance of your coun try from its greatest crime and its chief reproach. Signed on behalf of the Committee, " THOMAS CLARKSON. " London, March 8, 1841." I thought it most candid to address a letter to the Pre sident, informing him of the character of the foregoing memorial, rather than take advantage for a merely formal introduction to present it without such an explanation. To this letter no reply was received, nor was there the slightest allusion made to it by the Preiident at a subse quent introduction which we had to him. It may be pro per to state in this connection, that memorials of a simi lar character bearing upon the slave trade and slavery, signed by the venerable Clarkson, have been presented to different heads of government, in other parts of the world, and have been uniformly received with respect. Previous to our departure, we visited a private slave trading establishment in the city, and looked in upon a group of human beings herded together like cattle for the market, within an enclosure of high brick wall sur rounding the gaol. The young man in attendance in formed us that there were five or six other regular slave dealers in the city, who, having no gaols of their own, either placed their slaves in this establishment, or in the public city prison ; the former was generally pre ferred, on account of its superior accommodation in re spect to food and lodging. On my,makking some remarks to the young man on the nature of Ifis occupation, he significantly, and I think very justly, replied, that "he knew of no reason for condemning slave-traders, which did not equally apply to slave-holders." You will bear in mind that this was said within view of the Capital, where slave-holders control your national legislation, and within a few minutes'-walk of that mansion where a slave-holder sits in the presidential chair, placed there by your votes, and it is certainly no marvel that, with such high examples in his favour, the humble slave dealer of the district should feel himself in honourable company, and really regard his occupation as one of re. spectability and public utility. From thence we proceeded to the City Prison, an old -and loathsome building, where we examined two ranges of small stone cells, in which were a large number of coloured prisoners. We noticed five or six in a single cell, barely large enough for a solitary tenant, under a heat as intense as that of the tropics. The keeper stated that in rainy seasons the prison was uncomfortably wet. The place had to us a painful interest, from the fact that here Dr. Crandall, a citizen of the free States, was con . fined until his hegth waS conpletely broken down, old was THE SUN, DiNDON, SATORDAY, JULY 3, 1841. finally released only to find a grave, for the crime of having circulated a pamphlet for emancipation, written by one of the friends who accompanied me. On inquiry of the keeper, he informed me that slaves are admitted into his cells, and kept for their owners, at the rate of 34 cents. per day, and that transfers of them from one master to another some times took place during their confinement, thus corrobo rating the testimony of the keeper of the private gaol before-mentioned ; that this city prison, the property of the people of the United States, and for the rebuildin . ,o; of which a large sum of your money has been appropri ated, is made use of by the dealers in human beings as a place of deposit and market ; and thus you, in com mon with your fellow-citizens, are made indirect partici pators in a traffic equal in atrocity to that foreign trade, the suppression of which, to use the words of your Pre sident in his late Message, "is required by the public honour and the promptings of humanity." As one who has devoted much of his humble labours to the cause you wish to promote, I perhaps shall be ex cused for thus stating these facts to you as they all passed before my personal observation in the course of a few hours. I shall deem it right to publish them in Europe, where lam about shortly to return. Re collect they all occurred and exist within the district of Columbia, and that those who elect the legislators who uphold the slave system are justly responsible for it in , the sight of God and man. Is it not all the natural consequence of your electing slave-holders, and their abettors to the highest offices of your state and nation ? Some of your most intelligent citizens have given it as their opinion that fully two-thirds of the whole popula tion of the United States are in favour of the abolition of slavery ; and my own observation, since I landed on these shores, not only confirms this opinion, but has convinced me that there is a very rapid accession to their numbers daily taking place ; and yet we have the ex traordinary fact exhibited to the world, that about 250,000 slave-holders, a large proportion of whom, bankrupt in fortune and reputation, have involved many of the north in their disgrace and ruin, hold in mental bondage the whole population of this great republic, who permit them selves to be involved in the common disgrace of presenting a spectacle of national inconsistency altogether without a parallel. I confess that although an admirer of many of the institutions of your country, and deeply lament ing the evils of my own Government, I find it difficult to reply to those who are opposed to our extension of the political rights of Englishmen, when they point to America, and say, that where all have a control over the legislation but those who are guilty of a dark skin, slavery and the slave trade remain n& only unmiti gated, but continue to extend ; and that while there is an onward movement in favour of its extinction, not only in England and France, but even in Cuba and Brazil, American legislators cling to this enormous evil, without attempting to relax or mitigate its horrors. Allow me, therefore, to appeal to you, by every motive which attaches you to your country, seriously to consi der how far you are accountable for this state of things by the want of a faithful discharge of those duties for which every member of a Republican Government is so deeply responsible ; and may 1 not express the hope, that on all future occasions you will take care to promote the election of none as your representatives who will not practically act upon the principle, that in every clime and of every colour " All men are equal." Your sincere friend, JOSEPH STURGE. LETTER FROM EARL FITZ- WILLIAM. TO THE EDITOR OF THE DONCASTER GAZETTE. Sir,—l am induced to trouble you with a few remarks, in consequence of having observed that, in a speech deli vered at Thorne, Mr. Wortley is reported to have stated that, "Lord Fitzwilliam said - the repeal of the Corn-laws would not reduce the price lower than it had been for the last eighteen years." lam quite sure Mr. Wortley would not intentionally misrepresent any statement of mine,, but, in order to give your readers a more correct view of the proposition which. I adVanced in the House of Lords, and which Mr. Wortley so very much miscon ceived, it is desirable to statQ it more fully and accurately. The conversation in the course of which it was made, referred to rents, and to the effect which would be pro duced upon them by the Ministerial measure. Your readers are probably aware of a statement having been made that it would occasion a reduction of one-third of the rental .of the kingdom ; on the other hand, the proposition which I advanced was, " that any existing rent which was fairly calculated from the average price of the eighteen years from 1821 to 1838, both inclusive, (or even from the 20 years, to 1840,) need not be much reduced in consequence of the change proposed by Ministers." I then maintained this proposition in Parliament (as I will now in your columns), by showing that the average of the above-mentioned eighteen years was 565. Bd, and that, including the two dear years, 1839 and 1840, it was only about 58s. ; and, further, that the average with a duty of Bs. would probably be about 535. or nearer 535. than any other price. It is obvious that a rent calculated from 535. would be nothing like a third less than one calculated from 565. or from 585., and, having advanced these propositions, I expressed the be lief, which I continue to entertain, that, with an improving agriculture, prosperous manufactures, and a thriving population, land would yield in the first instance nearly as high a rent, and, ultimately, perhaps a higher, under the ministerial system than it has under the present Corn-laws. Having been led thus far, I will just observe, that have be;i'n all along referring to a fair rent, but your agricultural readers need not be reminded that rents are not always fairly calculated. One of the many objec tions that I entertain to the Corn-law is, that it supplies landowners, but more particularly land valuers, with a pretext for fixing rents too high. sixty-two, sixty three, or even sixty-four, has generally been considered the price, which was to be secured to the farmer by the present Corn-law, and consequently this price has been taken as the basis for the fixing of rents. Nevertheless, the average of the last twenty years has been about 585., and (excluding the two dear years, 1839 and 1840) only 565. Bd. But though the average has been thus low, too low to enable the tenant to pay a rent based upon 635. or 645., the consumer has frequently had his table furnished at a much dearer rate—far dearer than if the Corn trade had been left free with a moderate fixed duty. This has been occasioned by the capricious character of the law. When in the winter 1838-9, the average, de pressed by the bad quality of the wheat, fluctuated be tween 755. and 80s., the price of such wheat as was fit for human food was 90s. or upwards, and flour was at 3s. or even 3s. 2d, a stone. This arose from the follow ing circumstance:—Vast quantities of the wheat of 1838 were unfit for the use of man, but nevertheless theypassed through the markets, and thereby contributed to pull down the averages, to retard the admission of foreign corn, and actually to raise the price of bread. This is the most . painful part of the whole question. The average being kept clown, the duty kept up, and the foreign supply was excluded because the averages were depressed by the bad corn, while good eatable corn rose to an enormous height. I am, therefore, very far from saying generally (as Mr. Wortley supposes I did), that " a repeal of the present Corn-laws would not reduce the price lower than it had been for the last eighteen years." On the contrary, I believe that it would lower it materially at those times when it is desirable to lower it, or rather, that it would have a material effect in pre venting an exorbitant rise in the price of bread, corn, or flour, when, from the character of the season, such might be the natural result. At the same time, I believe that would not lower the average of any long period so as to affect, in any perceptible degree, those rents which have been fairly set with reference to the average of the last twenty years. These two opinions are perfectly consistent, though I have no doubt it will be said that they are otherwise. I remain, Sir, your very faithful servant, Wentworth, June 28, 1841.. FITZWILLIAM. POLICE INTELLIGENCE. WORSHIP-STREET. Sarah Clarke; who stood charged with having com mitted numerous robberies at dwelling-houses in which she had lodged, was re-examined before Mr. Bingham. Between twenty and thirty persons, who had been robbed of plate and other valuable property, attended-in Court, and the - majority of them identified the prisoner as the thie£ • ~ . • • Evidence in the following eases, in addition to those which have already appeared, was now adduced, -. Mrs. Smith, the widow of a Captain in the East In.. dia Company's service; and who: resided in Barnes's-. place, Mile-end, stated that in the month of :June last the prisoner took apartments in her house, ..representing that she was a widow in affluent circumstances, and that her name was Williams. On the third day after she had been in the house witness received a letter by post, pur-, porting to have been written by Mr. Loch, of the East India House, and requesting her to proceed thither im mediately on business connected witu the affairs of her late husband. On arriving at the India House she was informed that the letter was a fabrication, and she im mediately returned home, when she was told by her ser vant that the prisoner had gone out to purchase a duck and green peas, which she had fancied for dinner. The prisoner, however, failed to return, and witness soon af terwards discovered that a quantity of plate, a gold watch, any other property, had been carried off. She heard nothing more of the prisoner until she perceived an account of her former examination at this Court. The gold watch and a musical snuff-box, belonging to the last witness, were produced by two pawnbrokers, who identified the prisoner as having pledged them. Mrs. Jones, a widow lady, residing at 26, Bidborough street, Burton-crescent, stated that the prisoner lodged with her in November last, and she had only slept one night in the house when she dispatched witness to the East India House with a letter, which she said contained an order on Mr. Loch for 201. The pretended letter, on being opened, was found to be nothing more than a blank sheet of paper, upon which witness hastened back to her residence; but she was too late, • the prisoner having absconded after braking open several boxes, whence she abstracted a 201., two 101., and three 5/. Bank of Eng4n4.notes, with a quantity of other pro perty., rgwo pokers, with, which the boxes had evidently been forec4, .oren, and the points of which were much bent, were found lying on. the floor. The prisoner gave the name of - Williams, and represented herself to be highly connected. • Several silver spoons' and other property, which Mrs. Jones identified, were produced by a pawnbroker. The Magistrate heard evidence in nine other cases, in which the prisoner had ,committed robberies in a similar manner. Police-constable Kershaw, of the G division, stated that the prisoner had been pursuing her ingenious system of robbery for several years past. In the year 1839, she tenanted a house in Isabella-street, Blackfriars, the front of which she ,let to a lady named Rowley, but whilst the latter was confined to bed by a dangerous ill ness, the prisoner robbed her of a quantity of jewellery and .wearinw..apparel, and vacated the premises; She was .appreantledi and tried for the offence at the Old Bailey, but owing to some informality in the indictment, she escaped conviction. Since that time she had been carrying on her-nefaricius career with the most extraor dinary success in all parts of the.metropolis. The depositions in several cases having been taken against her, the prisoner was again remanded until Tuesday next. GIBSON AND CAMPBELL v. JAMES BRAND, OF THE FIRM OF HARVEY, BRAND, AND COMPANY. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sin,—Our attention has just been called to the short report of this case in your Paper of the 24th inst. That report contains several inaccuracies. The first is, the statement that the defendants' witnesses spoke to a series of experiments made by different persons, but that it did not turn out that what they did was carried to a successful result. The witnesses here referred to are Mr. Pattison, the late Member for the City of London, and many others of the highest respectability, who proved that the process in question had been extensively used for more than twenty years. The second and more serious error is in the statement of the verdict. The Jury did nut find that the plaintiffs were the first who successfully ap plied the invention ; nor did they find a verdict for the plaintiff as stated. Of the five issues left to the Jury they found for the plaintiffs the first, viz., that if the patent was good the defendants had infringed it ; the fourth, viz., that the process was useful ; and the fifth, viz. that the specification was sufficient to enable opera. tives to work from it. The most material issues were the second and third, viz., whether the invention was new, and whether the plaintiffs were the inventors ? On these the Jury found a special verdict in the words fol lowing, as taken down by the Lord Chief Justice : " The Jury are of opinion, on the second and third issues, that the invention is not new, but an improved process, not a mere combination." Whether this amounts to a verdict for the plaintiffs or for the defendant, the Court of Common Pleas will have to decide. We are advised that it is a verdict for the defendant. We are, Sir, your's obediently, WALMSLEY, KEIGHTLEY, and PAKKIN, Attorneys for the Defendant. 43, Chaneery-lane, June 30, 1841. [We have published this letter in order to give the defeated party a hearing, though we cannot see what service it can do. The verdict published in The Sun, we have every reason to believe, is perfectly correct.] THE NEW PARKS. (From the Medical Gazette.) In the brief and disturbed session of Parliament which has. just been abruptly brought to a close, no measure was. passed that is likely to prove more beneficial than that for the formation of a park in the eastern district of London ; for it is sincerely and confidently to be hoped that the benefit may not terminate in this single improve ment, but may be only the first-fruits of the more strict attention which late years have found legislators ready to pay to those things, which, though they . may have little or no immediate influence on the existing conflict of parties and of general political principles, are yet of the highest importance to the social condition and health of the lower orders, and to the well-being of the community. It has been boasted that, considering its size, London is better ventilated and drained than any other city in the world ; and in its ordinary meaning the boast is a very true one. For considering that the difficulties of cleansing the earth and air of cities increase in a direct proportion to their size, it ,is indeed marvellous, and worthy of boast, that they should have been in any fair measure overcome in London. But it should not be for gotten, that just in proportion to the size is the increase of the necessities for purification ; for it is only in huge cities, like our own, that a great majority of the inhabi tants are compelled to be all day exposed to the noxious influences of accumulated impurities. In smaller places _ _ the evils of the homes, even - of the poorest, may com monly be in a few minutes escaped from ; and without trouble a poor man may obtain at least as much of the advantages of open air and exercise as in London are obtained by the inhabitants of the more central squares. But the mechanic of the metropolis can do nothing of this kind : he himself, when his day's work is over, is too tired to walk three or four miles - to the nearest open public ground ; and for his children, the only place in which they can be allowed to stroll is the nearest alley that is not so great a thoroughfare as to be dangerous. In the drainage of London there is comparatively little room for improvement ; at least the general plan and management of it is excellent ; its defects are only local, and depending chiefly on th negligence of the in habitants of certain districts. But for a supply of fresh air, what we require is, that in every district the inhabi tants should be within half a mile of some large open place, into which the children of the lower classes might be permitted to resort with safety. And this can only be attained by increasing the number either of squares and places, or of parks on the plan of Victoria Park, and increasing them in even a greater ratio than the popula- tion is augmented. The advantages of parks and open spaces are by no means confined to their affording facilities for exercise and recreation ; they have a more constant and wide spreading influence upon the purificatiOn of the whole slowly-changing volumes of air. There are hundreds of places in this metropolis into which the wind never finds admission, in which the air is never perceptibly moved, and in which the only change it undergoes is by the gradual mixing of its impure gases with those of adjacent spaces, and of the upper strata of the atmo sphere. Nay, even among the wider streets, there are many through which a free current is very rarely blown; and the Londoners, or at least the majority of them, shrink befbre a breeze that one from the provinces or the coast would hardly notice. It is probable, therefore, that by far the greater proportion of the change of the air which is effected in the metropolis is the result of the mixture of the gases composing it. But how slow a process this is, one may easily judge by the perceptible (we had almost said the palpable) difference between the air of an alley and that of the wide street or other space into which it opens. A part of the gases generated on the ground and near it are, indeed, by the greater heat there, soon carried to some distance above it • but that which is thus disposed of is but a small part of what is rendered impure ; nor are the heavy and most noxious of the gases thus most rapidly carried off. Indeed, it is probable that by this process the change of air is, as far as it concerns the health of those who breathe it, and who constantly render it more and more impure, almost unimportant. Themnly effectual natural process for its purification, in the absence of the wind, is the gradual mixture of the gases, in accordance with Dalton's law that the interspaces of one are as vacua to the particles of another. In those quarters of the town in which squares are tolerably numerous, or in which the close-set houses of the poor are intersected by the wide streets inhabited by the rich, there is probably already provided the best means of rapid ventilation of which they are capable— at least in the present condition of things, where build ing land is more valuable than gold mines. But in other quarters, not now containing the residences of the rich, and therefore (with an utter disregard of health in the anxiety after wealth) close packed with manufactories, warehouses, and stores, the interspaces between which are Oa by the houses of the poor ; in these, since a number of smaller open spaces cannot be afforded, some very extensive one, as near as it can possibly be made, is absolutely necessary. Parks, or other similar places, therefore, should be established in every district not already possessing squares or wide streets ; nor should any part be closely covered with buildings for an extent I .of two square mites, without some such provision for the purity of its air. In proof of a common error, we may observe, that while much is said of the necessity of establishing large parks all round London, very little is said against the scheme of building over the largest open space in its very centre. A plan, it is well known, is in agitation, and, unless some urgent representation of its evils be made, will certainly be adopted, of covering nearly the whole of Lincoln's Inn-fields with new Courts of Law. The sole advantage anticipated from the plan is that so licitors Will be able more conveniently to attend to the progress of their cases ; but 'surely this is quite an in sufficient reason for the probable infliction of unhealthi ness on a large surrounding district, already almost as densely inhabited as any other in the metropolis. MARLO W ELECTION. (BY EXPRESS.) (FROM OUR OWN REPORTER.) The polling booths were opened at eigh o'clock yesterday morning, and at ten o'clock the numbers were — Will ;.ams Hampden Clayton A-t twelve o'clock there appeared for Williams Hampden Clayton The Liberals now came tbrward in support of their candidate, and at one o'clock they had suc ceeded in bringing him level in numbers with Mr. Hampden, there being for • Williams Hampden Clayton This announcement was received with tremen dous cheering, and in spite of all the exertions of his opponents, Sir William Clayton went on in creasing his numbers. At two o'Clock he had a majority of eight, the numbors being Williams 232 Clayton Hampden Very few votes were polled after this period, and at half-past three there appeared for— Williams Clayton Hampden The Tories now made a great effort, and all those who would not have come forward if it could have been avoided, were compelled to " come to the scratch," and among these was the Vicar of Marlow, who recorded his vote for Mr. Hamp den. The effect was, that at four. o'clock Mr. Hampden and Sir Wm. Clayton had an equal number of votes, there being for— Williams Clayton Hampden 169 This is the most severe contest that has ever taken place in Marlow- Amid the confusion and excitement that prevailed it was impossible to ascertain exactly what course was about to be pursued, but it was expected that no declaration would be made until to-morrow (this day). 132 101 80 The Primate of Ireland has resianed his rec torial tithes at Donaghadee, amounting to Ma. per annum, to augaent the illeolll4 Of the , Vicar. . HIS MAJESTY the EMPEROR of AUSTRIA having AUTHORISED and QUA RA Z;ITEED several DISTRIBUTIONS of MONEY DIVIDENDS, which (though they are NO LOTTERIES) offer many possibilities of obtaining LARGE FORTUNES, HEINE BROTHERS, at HASIBURGH and at LUBECK, Are now SELLING BONDS for the said DISTRIBU PIONS. Persons desirous to purchase for the Next Distributions may receive, PREVIOUS to giving any orders, the PROS PECTUS and PARTICULARS, upon addressing, WIT a- DUT DELAY, a line to HEINE BROTHERS, at HAMBURGH, or to HEINE BROTHERS, at LUBECK. The NEXT DISTRIBUTION contains DIVIDENDS of £25,000 £6OO £l2O £BO 5,000 400 110 70 1,500 200 100 60 1,000 150 90 50 800 100 The largest Dividend of the Distribution of Ist March last TWENTY-FIVE THOUSAND POUNDS, was remitted to London and vicinity by HEINE BROTHERS, who remitted, during a few years, 21 large Money Dividends, !rom 600/. and upwards unto 25,000!., besides many Dividends of smaller amounts to England, Ireland, and Scotland. ROYAL SURREY. THEATRE. NDER THE MANAGEMENT OF MR. DAVIDGE AND MR. WILLIS JONES. Continued attraction of the first Vocalists of the day—Miss Romer, Mr. Wilson, and Mr. Leffler, assisted by Mr. Sto ker Mrs. Serle, a powerful Chorus, and increased Band , conducted by Mr. G. Stansbury. Revival of the ,Old Stan dard Operas, and immense success of " La Sonnambula." THIS EVENING, JULY 3, Will be acted Bellini's Grand Opera, LA SONNAMBULA. Amina, Miss Romer • Lisa, Mrs. Serle; Rodolpho, Mr. Leffler; Rhino, Mr. W ilson.i After which, the National operatic Drama of JAMES THE. FIRST OF SCOTLAND; OR, THE GUDE MAN OF BALLANGEICH. James the First, Mr. N. T. Hicks ; Jock Howieson, Mr. Wilson; Marian, Mrs. Serle. To conclude with, THE WHISTLER. Supported by Messrs. Hicks, Neville, Smith, Mrs. Vining, Miss Martin, Mrs. Daly, &c. ROYAL VICTORIA THEATRE. UNDER THE DIRECTION OF MR. OSBALDISTON. Grand union of success in the hitherto unexampled combina tion and attraction of " Susan Hopley !" " Othello !" " The Stranger !" and " William Tell !" supported by Mr. Os baldiston, Mr. E. F. Saville, and Miss Vincent! and also the engagement of Mr. Brougham. THIS EVENING, JULY 3, The splendidly successful Domestic Drama, in Three Acts, of SUSAN HOPLEY ! OR, THE TRIALS AND VICISSI- TUDES OF A SERVANT GIRL ! William Dean, Mr. E. F. Saville ; and Susan Hopicy by Miss Vincent, the accepted Heroine of Domestic Drama. After which, WILLIAM TELL. William Tell, Mr. Osbaldiston ; Michael, Mr. E. F. Sa ville ; Gesler, Mr. Dale ; Albert, Mrs. Howard; Emma, Mrs. G. Lee. To conclude with, THE IRISHMAN IN ITALY. Paddy O'Raffarty by Mr. Brougham. Boxes, 2s.—Pit, I s.—Gallerv, 6d. Half-price to the Boxes only, at Half-past Eight. THE NAPIER SUN ]S NOW PUBLISHING. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE THIS DAY. iderning 33 minutes after 1. 1 Evening 5.1 minutes after I. LONDON: SATURDAY, JULY 3, 1841 Mr. HumE has been rejected at Leeds. The most useful man of tile House of Commons has been repelled by a constituency composed of ma nufacturers, which invited him to offer himself as a candidate to represent their borough. We are sorry to see the folly and ingratitude of that great manufacturing community, and can find for it no explanation or excuse. A better servant no constituency can have—a servant more suit able to the free-trade-loving and bread-taxed-in jured manufacturers of Leeds, could not be found. Yet Mr. llumE has been rejected'. The contest, which isreally one between free-trade and shack led trade—between justice and oppression—between right and wrong—has unfortunately been made to turn on the respective merits of Whig and Tory; and Mr. liumE has probably been rejected on account of the inefficiency of the Whigs, which he has not been able to prevent. Leeds will,'ere long, regret this more than Mr. HumE, who must, on the whole, be pleased, we think, at his time of life, to be honourably released from longer serving an ungrateful public. • If he be not tired of such a task, there is yet an opening for him in Middlesex. The noble spirit displayed in Marylebone and the Tower Hamlets, notwithstanding the base and sordid trickery of the City, and the loss of Westmin ster by unforgivable carelessness and overweening confidence, convinces us that Mr.Woon—Colonel Woon, we think the man is called—is not se cure for Middlesex, if an exertion he made to unseat him. It may not be compatible with Mr. HumE's wishes and views to offer himself as a candidate, but it is incumbent on the electors of Middlesex to put him up, and carry him triumphantly into Parliament. By so doing, they will retrieve the damaged reputation of the metropolitan districts, and show Leeds, with all its boasting, that the metropolis knows better than it how to honour worth, and reward long- , tried public services. We have observed that the Vicar of Leeds, Dr. Hoof, took an active part in the contest. He hastened home from the foot of the Alps, be said, the instant he heard of the dissolution ; and he hastened to Leeds, to throw the whole weight of his influence into the Tory scale. We do not object to clergymen mingling in politics. On the contrary, we think it their duty to inter fere with men in all their relations, so far as ad vising and counselling them goes; but it is in dispensible that they take the moral and the just side. In one of his latest pamphlets, the Rev. Tnomns SPENCER says— _ _ _ How can they be without excuse who, in the midst of a pauperised and drunken poor, and with legal dishonesty and political turpitude amongst the rich, instead of " warning every man and teaching every man" after the manner of the Apostle, are content with the applause of an admiring audience. Surely the same responsibility attaches to them as to the prophets of old if they are wanting in fidelity—" When 1 say unto the wicked, thou shalt surely die ; and thou givest him not warning, nor speakest to warn the wicked from his wicked way, to save hislife, the same wicked man shall die in his ini quity ; but his blood will I require at thine hand." When external profession takes the place of real piety— when indiscriminate almsgiving usurps the province of judicious benevolence—when indolence feeds on State pensions or on parish pay ; when Members. of Parlia ment, elected by bribery and intimidation, yet falsely pretending to be the representatives of the people ( uphold oppressive laws ; and when the degraded multitudes be take themselves to the intoxicating cup for comfort, then is the command given to every minister of religion, " Cry aloud, spare not, lift up thy voice like a trumpet and show the people their transgression ;" then to the clergy who receive the tithes, and to the Dissenting mi nisters who receive the pew rents from the congregations to whom they speak smooth things, and from whom they keep back all faithful admonitions, the language of Scripture is, " Thus saith the Lord God unto the shep herds, woe be to the shepherds of Israel that do feed themselves ! Should not the shepherds feed the flock ? Ye eat the fat, and ye clothe you with the wool; ye kill them that are fed ; but ye feed not the flock. The dis eased have ye not strengthened, neither have ye healed that which was sick, neither have ye bound up that which was broken, neither have ye brought again that which was driven away, neither have ye sought that which was lost ; but with force and with cruelty have ye ruled them. My flock was scattered upon all the face of the earth, and none did search or seek after them." Our charge against Dr. HOOK, and those who take the same views, is, that they maintain and uphold oppressive and unjust laws; they lift up their voices in favour of injustice, they urge on the tyrant in his tyranny, and administer ap probation to his seared conscience; they fleece the poor instead of feeding them, to fatten them selves. They should be the protectors of the poor, and the smiters of the oppressor; but they league themselves with the strong and the wicked, to crush the honest and the weak. When the clergy take part in politics, they ought to take the right side. To unite them selves with the bread-taxers, is to direct the hatred, which is due to sordid oppression, on their own sacred office. Neither do we object, as we have on more than one occasion said, to the wives and mothers of England taking part in politics, but it becomes them to take the side of humanity and charity. They must not sacrifice the feelings of woman hood to a theory, nor side with power against the suffering people for the preservation of an MORNING SU N abstraction. The lives of the people are of more importance even than the Constittition, and much more importance than the Corn -laws. If any ladies, led by a mistaken party zeal, side, like Dr. Moos and others of the clergy, with the op pressors of the people, they must not be sur prised should even their claims to univeisal ho mage fail, in a time of excitement, to disarm the hatred of savage hunger. It has happened that ladies' .heads have been carried about streets on poles, or trailed in the dirt; and it has happened, sufficiently within recol- ledtion to serve both for a warning and an example, that a priesthood has been compelled to find safety in flight, and those wh o braved the popular indignation forfeited their lives to their temerity. In whatever' land s such scenes have occurred, or may occur, all the injuries and insults, we are aware, whic h a hallowed sex and a sacred calling have been perverted to heap on the people, have been' forgotten, and one universal sympathy has been felt for the outraged females and the outrage(' clergy. Such a final result is, we are afraid, too likely to make all classes forget some of the earliest links in the chain 'of 'which th at was the end. But in the moral, as in tbe P hY sical world, events are closely connected by the chain of causation, and the great mu ltitude' I le more does violence . to its own nature, and lases , sight of its innate respect for the mothers and teachers of mankind, without some sufficient reason, than an apple falls to the ;round ' or the moon wends her way in the Ile a ' yens. TO see those who pass their days In cad and opulence, w h o h ave a ll th e i r wants suPP lie ., by the unceasin g e xerti ons o f the hardy sons of tO "' Solicitous to narrow their reward, and grind then , ' down to poverty, to servility, and degradati on / is to all rightly-constituted m i n d s as shocki n g ly disgusting as the slitery of the United States' When we find such an unamiable dispositio n in can' the hard and griping dealers in money, it not be too much censured; but when la d ieg and clergymen take the same side, and . che er o° the unhallowed bread-taxers in their guilty career, the moral world seems to us turned or side down, and we dread lest it can onlY be righted by some terrible convulsion. It seems still necessary, long and carnestlY a s''(' Colonel THOMPSON and several other acute writers and lecturers have dwelt on the subject, t to disabuse the multitude of the notion cheap and abundant corn is s y n onymous witl low wages. That the working classes shou ld)tu any extent, have adopted that fallacy , i s a e matter of surprise, but that they should ha ir j greedily swallowed it, when taught and en force ; by their old enemies, the Tories, whose wil° e political existence has had for its object to jor poversh, degrade, and coerce the laboorin,..g classes into the most servile submission, I'7 astonished even those who know them be- 1 and have, through a long life, taken a deer i : tcrest in their welfare. But they would nud' have been so deceived had the doctrine not ha a Radical origin. It was put forward first "f f . one who professed the warmest zeal in b eha - of the labourers, conjoined with politics of the ultra, or republican character. Under tilt shield of a humble L newspaper writer, Wi t r a v acknowledging their obligations, Tory Re vic i; ers, Pamphleteers, and Journalists have fotig'd their battle concerning wages, and have obtainere more success than was anticipated. W e e rr , glad, therefore, to see new antagonists and thei r old antagonists again taking the field; and :e e recommend to public attention the extract Zr elsewhere insert, from a pamphlet by 3 2 0 , THORNTON, who is, we believe, a new a ti ".4 r , nist, while we shall phce here a portion of VILLIERS' address to his constituents at We l l e ott . hampton, who is one of the staunchest, an he this point one of the oldest, antagonists t'' Tories have : A Above all (says Mr. Villiers) do I feel pr ou "; o g l e your representative, that you have been proof aga ins „"is idle things that have been said to you to shake r'" your opinion, and to induce y ou t o think well of lua ati maintained kr the purpose of making a few men l i e : a the expense of the many. (Cheers.) You hav e b e rg through the dishonest purpose for which they ha ve ;h f • uttered, and you have treated them with the scorn thst deserve.—(Hear, hear.) You have not b e lieved stupid lie, that abundance of food will make you r ( 7: dition worse, or, as they call it, give you bad wage,:oil - (Hear, hear.) You were not cheated by the idi e :i te e sense that tells you, that less food in a countrywas " c has than more.—(Cheers.) You know too well what 0. been the effect of dear food on your trade, and 00 'S i as wages.—(Cries of "We do !") You can se ttle - Ale question by the answer you give to the question, no ; your wages good now ?—(Loud cries of "IS'food bad !,, ) Is your trade good now ?—(No, no.) law' s dear now ?—(Yes, yes.) Have you got the Corn' 101 now ?---(Yes, we have.) Well, then, suppose ) 1) 1, Its had a doubt as to whether scarcity was able s s7Ortll they tell you, and abundance a curse, it might be worth they to change the' Corn-laws, if it was o nly fa iite r.) ing the experiment of plenty.—(Cheers and lattrti- lr But you are not such dolts as to be gulled by s ue " heir bish. You know, as all men who have brains t de, heads do know, that mens' wages depend upon tb i e vo n mind for them, not upon the price of bread ; 00 " ne d e know better than I can tell you what the differ between five men seeking one master, and five In t ," ee - r 3) seeking one man—(" We do, we do," and loud e' vvh i c h —and you know that free trade means more trade , t i f ee means more demand for men, w hi c h m eans th e ) when men can get more wages. —(" Right," an d h That is putting an important truth in a h° — ri ch and useful way. Had our cause a few m ore s ee p' sturdy champions as Mr. VILLIERS, Ou r 5nc 0 0 , 11 would be speedy; at present it is assured; t i r o ree the day of triumph may he distant. The act ol a of a majority cannot turn wrong into rigl it b ' io r no number of monopolists, however oven"etbat ing, can give the bread-taxers the security agitation on the subject is at an end. bor To add our mite to the heap we have nig rowed, we must observe that it is quite sicke-aa to .find the hypocritical Tories, the constaat,,ot, vocates of impressment, corporeal punislinfr. disfranchisement, and every hard, bruta l p un le, merit and treatment which degrades the Pec'rose opposing the abolition of the Corn-laws, bectrr a free trade with Germany and Russia duce, as they say, our labourers to eat lit oo bread like the Germans. Our toil-worn mill.l might, and would, heartily rejoice, were th e ,,, Y ov well fed„ clothed, and housed as those b"cor bread-eaters. The people at the same ti me to not forget, though the bread taxers se ei tich forget it, that the abolition of the law, %jib would extend our commercial intercourse with the serfs of Poland would also extend it t ,„bite the free men of the United States. There ,1-400' bread is abundant and cheap, and there /.bile are twice or thrice as high as in Englan d ' . 0a of the Tories pretend to fear lest the degradatleale the Polish serfs should be the lot of inir 11- be' from free-trade, their real apprehe nsion, 8r o le t o lieve is, lest free trade should raise our Pe ° P the dignity of the Americans. There is undoubtedly much greater PO ba ' the 4- Russia United our drawing large supplies of food .resussiti. United States than from Germany In these latter countries all the lan d is eclon and enterprise is comparatively unknow n ' 0 pro the settled habits of the people there is ij .i t od, bability that any demand for food from F- 4 b es tly however extensive, would prompt their , ' g the to improve and extend their cultivatien• w loi lo** former country much of the so il is Yet ore priated, and yields abundantly the P e ZferY enterprising and are pushing cultivatioo it direction ; it is especially adapted to thei ipter tion and manners. If fre e commere f dif" course, therefore, is to bring the labourersei:rake f er ent nations to the same leve l, it is o f the likely American to thanise the o Englishlower to :lc:at:1:f ethethe d r i 6 0 .11 ae vr rf e s i bab l Y Already, as our readers are pro _ ux pro aware, the United States lake more 01 ',. r.tit op, i n . ducts than the whole of t he North g " ll t he including the Netherlands, the off the gr of which are certainly not worse idin; to re people of England. In 1830, twee: ,tatcs `ye PORTER; the exports to the united P w o e tue e o x f p t o h r e ts de .t c o lar t e i d ie . raPi f iat 9,999,0001. The United States is toi e_ • not 7 • tat free trade, our traffic with the Uwore gre§ing'cotnitry; Germany is —:ted ")idly I°ll Two 1 tit the. value ethof ::'4E21.15;:e1"1/e,drely , 1 , 1 . • would undoubtedly increase un than our trade with Germany. 11, OA! ), • - , . A-414 s'• P, z,— ) 111 • ' • Zhie ,§un. th, heir de mo them 4g i co► gr,