The Sun. — London, England, 1841-05-20 00:00:00

oN. r E. the garden er -Maie BarOn ess siii Fes: , ernoon• las! ' , Nuibes s la Prince's 13arone5ra )0t Guards venin the litt 3sty's most )3' 31114 0f robati?n qoph is )n. I powsger • in, Hu Ashie): :on '''. DI YeaterdO t• Salid" o a e N o ble '-' rent to t are-r° °l l :ie de!°'. t. ek: 'after t of ictience 31 rs• Ste were,ekin itnit 1 for - ?•s'. , L of let. we t it si t Y rt . gat' i t he frog' D rcf. • ton g „. io ef J4° lr pay $ te s° twrol-' Ito- MORNING EDITION -.. . z:ETING AT MANCH E STE R, -7--- 'd theyh 4 (Abridged from the Manchester Guardian.) , ' state a made bad debts to the amount of 6,2501; CORN, SUGAR, AND TIMBER DI.. TIM , • —(Hear)--50 'others in Newtown 'district, 6,2451. dred firms a A requisit. i d on; signed by no fewer than thirteen -10 - (Hear)-50 others in Deansgate had made bad debts to individuals, merchants, banhofe, traders, the anintint of 5,0511. ; and 50 others in the neighbour , last otherv,eeic inhabitants of the borougls hood of Portland -street, had made bad debts to the hi presented to the 3 5 . hi of - Manchester, was amount of 6,118/. So that these 260 provision-dealers had made bad debts to the amount of 23,644/. When they saw questine- or of Manchester, re bita t • 1 9 t ° cenr • -ne a public * meeting of the inha- this,and looked on the enormous tax paid to the landlords, nS of this ). ' - let every one make it his business to do what he could th, e i r wsint sorough, for the purpose of expressing for the repeal of these laws. His firm conviction was, - k et i s Y• '" 4t the present crisis. In the course of - - srit Was generally known that the Chartists, as that if we had the repeal of the Corn-laws we should vltentl, had determined to muster all their force, with a then have prosperity in this manufacturing district ; and W of defeatin g the object of 'the meeting ; and that that it would also benefit those who at present could not they had resolved upon attempting to place one of their see that the agricultural and commercial interest must as vn party i n t h e c h a i r. C hart i st placards were poste d rise or fall togeth er . - on the walls, and carried by men through the streets of Sir T. PeerrEa said, having taken an active part in the. borough headed "Beware of Whig treachery." I t this investigation, stated' by his friend Mr. Kershaw, he on' " the men or Manchester" to be at their posts; could vouch that it was true.—(Cries of "We know it.") jet their motto be, " The Charter and no surrender ; He could assure them there were 2,000 families that Ron, down with the Whigs !" had not a bed to lie' on ; and they might depend on ~_The meetin g was held yesterday at the appointed this statement. hour 1 but the requisitionists were admitted by ticket, The MAYOR. then put the resolution, which passed 1n a quarter past ten o'clock, for the purpose of hold- almost unanimously, there being only six hands held up ing a meeting to consider the resolutions to be proposed ' against it. ' Mr. T. BAZLEY, jun., moved the third resolution. at the public meeti ng — an a d m i ra bl e p recaut i on aga i nst the violence of the Chartists in taking the chair by force. Ministers had proposed changes of a very moderate Precisely at e l ev e n o ' c l oc k , b y or d er o f t h e Mayor, the character ; but, as far as they went,' we might venture do ors were th rown open, and the Mayor, WILLIAM to approve of them, and be thankful that at last sound , s , 41EILD, Esq. having taken the chair, amidst loud and principles were recognised by Ministers of State in both mcontinued applause, said that, in compliance with the Houses of Parliament. He confessed that his sympa• thies and expectations were with the present MiniSters, ost numerously signed requisition ever presented to the _authorities of Manchester, he had convened this meeting and not with that political party who had enacted the i n . Pon a subject of the greatest importance to every one of obnoiious laws we were now met to oppose.—(Ap -4f a subject that perhaps could scarcely be surpassed i n plause.) The time of the Legislature had been con 111Portance by 3 any that could be brought before us. He sumed in party conflicts and petty struggles, and the had taken the chair, according to the power vested in great class interests had been paramount, while the great body of the people had been held in slavish subjection.— s ! ° ' by law—(Hear)—he wished to allow fair and free eise as • (Hear, hear.) That was an astounding fact, that these s sion.—(Hear, hear.) , gr. Alderman KAY moved the first resolution. He said class-sections taxed us to a greater extent' than Govern he was . meat did for the exigencies of the State.—(Hear, hear.) w as not there on the present occasion to say that we We were, compelled to pay for. our food and our colonial were obliged to the Ministry for having brought these producefrom 50 . to • 100, per cent. more th an we c o u ld Questions b e f ore us ; b ecause h e was one o f those , these thought that Ministers. ought to have propounded obtain these comforts of life for in the, open markets of the world—(Hear)—while, ,s we were the cheapest In uese questions much earliei•—•(Hear, hear)—and that " was the people 1 • who could settle this aonequestion, producing manufacturers on the face of the earth, we sell whenever it was to 'be decided ; and that if the people to others our labour at a cheaper rate than they could * are wantin g to themselves 'on occasions like the Obta i n our produce for in any other quarter. Was it . and they and their present, when assembled for the purpose of carrying the juste then, that our working daSseS should continue' to Voice of thousands, ay, of millions, to the `places where be placed in that state of thraldom, t l l lose abominable laws Might to be altered, they had only families starve while capital was daily decreasing ?-• " er nselvesto blame if they let theSe oppoitunities pass. (Cries of No, no.") ,He observed that in the House of legislation Ile .observed in the whole course of the , Lords, Lord Ashburton had declared that protection was 'segislation of this country, one course was steadily par- a kind of component part of the 'British Constitution ; and that from the. time of the Norman conquest to the : l ed by the viz., to benefit themselves at the Present moment, protection had been the rule 'of the e xpense of all other classes of the community, and to be P theyenireis s regardless of the misery, destitution, and want Legislature.—(Hear.) Now, he would tell his Lordship that the. Normans robbed our Saxon forefathers of the had forced on the people, provided they could get soil—(Hear)—and • that the menials of an adventurer into their own pockets - for their own purposes the large became the lords of the land • and then he would give ?au Which they obtained from us, by the laws they had his Lordship joy of such authority.—(Laughter.) But, direct in a manner ten times more odious than any for the Duke of Wellington to declare in his place that aireet taxation they _could impese.'—(Applause.) How ever they might attempt_ to practise that maxim which the. taxes on corn were levied upon the people to render us independent of other countries, in the event of a wars ever had learned from. ancient times, of dividing, and was a policy much more to •be deplored than the other. 0 thereby governing us,—onAhis question at least, where —(" True," ".We'll : not erect . a monument to • him." e sc r bellies and pockets were. concerned, there was no Let us buy freely 'of every land—(Hear, hear)—and, difference of opinion amongst us.—,(Greatsa lause.) He c onclud e d by moving the st resolution. PP ' by 'our commercial intercourse with : the world,. make Sir T HOMAS POTTER was received with loud and ion every man our friend, and then we should not need to chg ' Ray hadeer ng.. uttered and he considered this a most women- Ile agreed in every word that his friend Mr. contemplate war.—(" Hear," and cheers.) Until our commerce could be placed upon the solid foundation of toes a n d i mportant meeting. He had just come from exchanging one substantial comfort of life for another, • ',olldon, having been travelling all night in order to be we should have fluctuations and repeated intervals of re_sent, and h e wou ld . have travelled three nights to meet ' distress , with perhaps an occasional gleam of prosperity, • 4 2enu•—(Cheer s .) He could assure them, that there was only to be succeeded by an increased depth of suffering. -rat anxiety in London to hear the result of this meeting. —(Hear.) Let us struggle then for our rights ; for our i' s e t . was in the House of Lords at 'seven o'clock the night labour ought to procure for us food and every comfort; "nre, and there heard the Earl of Ripon enumerating it was ordained by the Almighty that it should be so.— he prospects(Applause.) Will you not help us to open our doors, • wer •of the country, and making it out that we and let the tide of commercial and 'social prosperity-flow $ se e m a progressive state of improvement.—(Hear.) 1 1 read over an account of the exports, and made it in upon us ?—(Cries of, "Yes," "We will,' and , great out that cheering.) . • , the last year's exports were far greater than in VII other year ; and then there was a great " hear, hear, ' Mr. J. B. SMITH, President of the Manchester Cham s's ar," amongst their Lordships.-4A voice—" Exports ber of Commerce, was greeted with loud cheers. 'He said . -4 n2achinery.") Ay, machinery and yarns too. Why, he had much satisfaction in seconding the resolutiOn just ..,7 did not believe there were a dozen Peers in the House proposed, because it involved an important principle, s ent Understood anything about the subject. The pre- which should never be lost sight of. He held that no 7.' e nt was the cause of every class, of Tories, Whigs, Ra- Legislature could justly impose any taxation, except for _ulnals, and Chartists ; -And he hoped every class would the purposes of revenue.--(Hear.) All protective duties I 'e most zealously in carrying these resolutions and were nothing more or less than legalised robbery.— their l ... memorial to the foot of the Throne.—(Hear.) The " Hear,"' and cheers:) The measures proposed by Go fue of the country was in their hands ; and if they only vernment are a step on the way to the abolition of Mono !Poke out, and spoke loudly, they would have these griev- Polies, and as such he accepted them with pleasure— 'inces redressed. He knew that the great bulk of the po- (Hear)—but we Must never lose sight of the question Pulation was sefferines and, in fact, - every class was suf- till the monopoly was altogether abolished.—(Cheer§.) l !ring s but it was the duty of those in more competent Monopolists had always been great prophets of evil, ruaastances to look to the working classes.—(Hear.) when their monopolies were to be touched. He remem , was told that on Friday last there were 4,000 or 5,000 bered its being prophesied, that if the, slave trade were horses • ses in Hyde-park, with splendid equipages ; and he abolished, Liverpool would become an insignificant fish 'did not deny that these people had a right to spend their ing town.-4Laughter)—but what was Liverpool now ? Money as they liked ; but he thought they should first Again, when it was proposed to abolish the East India see th a t th e i r fellow-creatures and fellow-subjects were Company's monopoly; Committees of-the Houses of not in a state of extreme destitution.—(Cheers.) Th e Lords and Commons were held, before whom witnesses fact was the people of London wer e i gnorant o f our con - of the first character, merchants of the first eminence, dition here ; and, unless we spoke out loudly, our griev- came forward to show the great evils that wduld follovi : antes would not be known,much less redressed.—(Cheers. from the opening of the trade to the East Indies and . The Rev. JAMES SCHOLEFIELD was received with loud China to the whole of our merchants, instead of con hisses • and • groans, and cries of " You're a Tory fining it to , the. Company. The East India Company *Chartist," which lasted for some minutes.—The Mayor held a special Court, at which they solemnly passed this 7 . ` begged that Mr. Scholefield should be heard.—Mr. extraordinary resolution :—" That no addition could be `facholefield again tried to speak, but the hooting conti- made to the - trade 'of the East Indies and China Hued. He said, if I could be of service to the cause— (Laughter)—that the Company had suffered loss in at that i▪ s my reason for being here—(Whistling and tempting to extend it ; and that the opening of the hisses.) You want cheap bread, you want cheap coffee, markets of the outports to trade would be no other than Ina all the necessaries of life you want cheap. You want ruinous transfer of it into new channels, to the destruc ahs, tion of many costly establishments, and the beggary of ll _ r, and to be rewarded for your labour.—(Renewed ~_°°_ ting, which 'prevented the remainder of the sen- many thousand industrious individuals."—(Laughter.)— ',"„a r ce from being heard.) The Chairman begged that Notwithstanding all these fearful forebodings, the trade . n r . Scholefield should be heard.—Whistles and groans.) was opened, and what were the consequences ? At that 1 7, s SCHOLEFIELD—Your Chairman has said, I am to time the trade to India and China amounted in value to r .7_ l , l eard ; but, as you will not hear me speak, I will 1,874,000/. Hear what dreadful ruin followed the open ‘ . y , T the amendment I have got to propose.—(" Go ing of tha trade !In 1839 our exports thither amounted . . andthe read it to Nightingale.") He then read it, but to 5,600,000/.—(Hear, hear, hear.) When they heard s if noise was so great that it was impossible to hear a the Duke of Wellington telling them, that, if the Corn single sentence.—Mr. ELIJAH DixoN next presented laws were 'repealed, we should all be starved—(Laughter) s elf amidst hisses and cries of " Put him down, ,, —they could refer him to that resolution of the East - 1 - ory tool," " Nightin 1 " &c. The "Nightingale," e, Chairman ens India Company. If they heard the Duke of Bucking deav°ll d ham bemoaning the fate of the poor agricultural labourer , r , re to obtain a hearing for him, but in vain. who got Bs. or 9s. a week now, and lamenting how much s , The amendment was lost by an overwhelming ma ""Y• The • ori milresolution • g was carried amidstloud e d aPplause, remember the East India Company.—(Laughter.) The Mr. Al derman WALKER then presented himself to monopolists in Parliament had been throwing out all move th e sorts of baits ; and they thought they had caught a great . that he second resolution ; but the uproar was so great whale amongst the saints.—(Laughter.) The taxi= th could not at first be heard.—The MAYOR put it a _ , e meeting whether Mr. Walker should be heard, tion on corn and provisions alone amounted (accord .c Lnearly every hand was held up for him.—Mr. ine to the evidence of a man who was better quali fiee'd to give evidence on that question than any other t ord " El " then said, s that t h e Corn-laws were passed in order to rm.; it had been stated in the House of person, Mr. Deacon Hulme) to more than fifty millions de r --.(Hear, hear.) This taxation was levied in us us independent of any other nation for our corn. per annum' a manner which we did,not see. When a fixed duty was 1 4 _confessed he had a suspicion that the real reason levied upon corn, we could see the operation, and the ex . p lie luPPorting these laws was to keep up rents and the tent of it ; but, as had been said, a fixed duty was a fixed • 5,,,.. . 44 the(4. corn, and to render the landlords .independent injustice, and he hoped this was only a step, and it would '/`s- re se people. The landlords could fall back on their , - able ..reeS ; , they had resources which would not only en- depend upon the people whether it were only a step, to I, ' , d elfin to live in affluence and splendour, but, 1' lfully the total abolition of the fixed duty.—(Cheers.) But a s ; °vel e look at the tax on sugar. According to the present law, 1, ?e t.... Ped, would enable them to compete with the fo we could have' none but 'British colonial sugar, as the Port grower. Surely we were not to be taxed to sup ,i, ei. e l' au indifferent system of agriculture. He knew suf- duty of 7d. per pound on foreign sugar was suite prohi in jut of agriculture to be aware that good agriculture bitory,—(Shame.) The consequence of this was, that an ,7 l ";aost every- county in England was the exception, our colonies not growing enough sugar for us, the price l ie tf r _titat bad agriculture was the rule.—(Hear.) He be- rises ; and last year it was so high as to put it out of the (ch e o ll it was again in our power to repeal these laws— power of the mass of the country to buy it. He had in r ne e , r l)—if, at the next election, we supported such his pocket a memorial sent to him per Great Western tillsthl 11-Y as would advocate that repeal, then, and not steamer, from some unknown hand, and which he had ac , , then, should we obtain it ; and, if we did not thus received only on Saturday last. It was the memorial 116 1 , N , ve should have right afterwards to complain of of Joshua Leavitt to Congress, praying for the adoption i t I n s, unjustly taxed. If the Corn-laws were repealed, of measures to secure an adequate market for American chess°teuiCi• amazingly increase the constituency of Man- wheat. This memorial was presented to the American s,. rinasmuch as it would enable many now living in Congress, and by them ordered to be printed.. He ' 1 houses to become 10/. householders. • stated in this memorial the astounding fact, that a large Mr. Berman KERSHAW cordially rose to second the tract of country, comprising about half a dozen States, Weution, which his friend, Mr. Walker, had proposed. forty years ago had only a population of 50,000 persons, th ring, :as he did, in its affirthations, he hoped that and now the population was 2,970,000 people.—(Hear, • e Ineetino . would pass it in hear.) There was an increase fort y years ! These ,s_o 'ftu n.' There could not be a doubt that there was People grew nothing but agricultural produce ; they great e misery and suffering in this district, produced by were. all in want of our manufactures ; but they had fn se suicidal laws, which denied the right of the people nothing to give in exchange for ;them but their corn and tO„ Lt exchange the produce of their industry for the pro timber ; and Mr. Leavitt complained, that, for want of !I . Ti▪ ons of other countries. Was there any distress in markets for their produce, they were unable to consume this eountry ? Was there any misery among our work- various comforts supplied by manufactures, &c. He I .oll g r classes ?—(" Yes.") Was there any misery among said, " The best authorities agree, that a very large pro merchants and manufacturers ? Could •sell spinners portion of the misery which we hear of among the tic their yarns tory children is the result of the Corn-laws-=(Hear) — their at a profit ? Could manufacturers dispose of goods at cost price ? Were the calico printers first diminishing the employment and the wages of the employed ?—(" No. ") Was the dyer better off ? parent, and then raising the price of his provisions,. There was misery and distress, such as he until sheer want drives him to sacrifice his children bread. Thus, while we (Am er i c ans) are w a nting never remembered during a comp ara ti ve ly l ong lif e for which he h a d, s p en t = amongst t h em. — ( H ear, hear.) goods (not, indeed, the necessaries of life, but the For nearly a quar t er o f a century h a d h e b een • engaged comforts of civilized and refined life), our national revenue falling short, and our granaries bursting with • in - assisting to - conduct a large trade, but he never knew 1 abundance, England's mills are standing still, and her times like -- the present.--(Hear, hear.) What caused this distress ? 'The resolution stated that it was the conse- poor perishing with hunger.—(Hear.) standing` the com mon instincts of our nature, the enlightened and philo . quenee of suicidal laws—laws which sapped the founda sophic benevolence which' regards human happiness as. f s . t . oll of our prosperity—laws which were monstrously • unjust-1 • els ; _ es . as\ 3 which prohibited our • exchanging our tali- the great object of human society . and government, re ai!7s) °..'! with the people of other countries, who would send' quires a faithful examination of this system by all na -4741.1,, "in return cotton, corn, sugar, coffee, and every neces- tions." These were most enlarged and philanthropic views, l miry o f i• and he rejoiced to see them taken by our brethren on .•11 tc, life. - -(Applause.) Th ey would not. be content i . '' ° have- thethe other side the ' Atlantic. When he saw our ships '• the hi • prosperity of this great country hindered for leaving our ports, not laden with our manufactures, but this ;Refit of a class '; that the trade and commerce of trust:4)lin try should become locked up in monopoly. He with freights far more precious—with our tools s with that they would show that they understood • our machinery, and with our industrious artisans,—he their I ' . "'II ' interests, confessed that his heart sank within him.—(Hear.) , ...... • 4. _ and that they were now prepared to state ' te, `'" the -Legislature. When they called to: mind the atrocities of Louis e ' , ,pro p is (1, w hat they wanted. Ministers had • the Fourteenth in the revocation of the. edict of Nantes, 5., 51:, . ,i .a.txe l in. ll fixed duty of 88., but he said a fixed duty Was and the banishment from France of th . e• industrious at►-.•tilbs The pLilojsoustlier(llear.) But he heatws disposed to act on Protestant manufacturers, who were driven to seek a s t,h le•swanted, he p vk i . ica l principle, that if ould not get all he asylums in• England, where they laid the founda -4 ,; 3 'ilknot _, , give u his ell d take . all he could get ; but he would tion of our manufactures ; when we reflected upon 5, es- reiatin to p claim to the whole. He had an account the atrocities of• the Duke of Alva, who drove the wea 's,, ,eonditigonon th examination which had been made into the related. to 10 rj working popylation of this district. It vfrs from Flanders also to seek an asylum here ;we must . , Of these ~ 2 families, comprising 45,591 persons. views these acts with disgust and horror. But what country which families, thereinil were, hand-loom weavers, English; 627 should we say to the laws of our own 2 6'3 children ,812 children ; of Irish, 924 famillbs, and banish our industrious artisans, to seek in foreign 'lands •• r , i • mal • f that which they were denied in their own ? It was true I,s„families, , ting a total ofand-loom wea' • d & and 4 485English;' o 1 . ; • hand t eas were not driven out by the sword, or the strong :, various trades r , children, Of English', in " . Irish, d of persecntion ; but they were effectually driven away by fill 3,476 families,es, an 19 G 29 children ;of ' Y ' and 8 - Childs-'' laws which proibit them from exchanging the products I t; . Of English families f ~ 16 n—making a total ', ,:-:i to showwhat was the 8,581, and 21.345 children. Now, lof their industry . in their own land, for the :produce and read to them anothere condition of these families, he would 1 the food grown in other countries.—(Hear.) He believed that, at present, we only knew one portion of the pro of age, and dependent thereie. ()f children under 12 years •12 years of age, pal - thrill • were 15,856 ; children under posed financial measures ; the Customs' Bill was not yet ployed, 699 : more tha 3; employed, 415 ; ditto full •• em- brought in —(Hear)—and he was happy to hear that the. 5.,,, partially employed;l n 2 years of age, dependent, ) ' 4,275; i i Customs' Bill would contain provisions for doing away' families 1 with all pro i .—( ear, tear, and loud cheering.) • •• of out of em loudly employed, 3,229 ; heads Y, 2,149 1 He knew that by the law at present—and an atrocious 'ti t , : 4,7 93 ;in full employment, ; partially employed, CBI, 0 ,- y 1 ,430. (Hear it r , 1 2 -:. - Another investicrat . ( ear hear.) 44.. . . families : t , ion was made, which.altogether prohibitedfrom coming into , and lambs, were .011 , 4 % - .., v , , having 5,565 children, b .related to 2,000 , • ..,,,., . saw nose weekly earnings were 5 28 1., elng 8 ,866 persons - i this country. This prohibition, he understood, was no sr, !Ise. average ' - • of ls. 9 .H. per head lO3. 10-4 d. *vi' - ' longer to continue ; the Government were determined to 1 , •per w ee k fo _ , , gi wing an, , aholiih it—(Great cheering) --and therefore,he hoped, •„. us v„.and for 20 0 e, T ~ iii; - each , 0 families tes an average f ' ti,866 persons ' • , 'las e ''' •• to ' 441 4 Another ' • p 5.._ 44 a wee k , ivheii their whole measure of commercial reform was -se ) ,•,: • .0 corr ect • • • investigation was . for known, it would be something well worth contending for. je, "'I . 2 0 this, if corr • ection were needed •road order It l —(Loud and Tong cheering.) 1,., i n c ens e ther families, •. related to st "L amounted enly to 628/. 10s. iod. lk, 71 - , - of ou t a, whose weekly 1 1 . sidered that we had made, since we last met, an immense • 1 • '• . n Y 18 ' 6 i 4 • per had - 'giving an averarre = -0 ` week in. r e per week, or 6,. lid. per f am il y .' advance in the great question - of free trade. We were :••.,; . • some districts of the tow ' CO is ue •n the - peopl e __ 4, doomed, in this world, to move forward step by step ; '• -. .•• , . -• • t h s , ,eq nie of their novert had been •- ' • - .._ F who wouidssise them Y , feeding u p on : there was no other 'way (If getting on ; there was a be -, The poor t ad . credit, in the hope of bett er ginning, a middle, and an end, in all things ; 'and he • i g , 4 54 , 10 t 50. .. , . tiot been able to p,,y their debts ; , hoped that we were getting into the , iniddle:of:thig guts -4 Mere were 5 0 -provision-dealer s who tifte'liov%;. But we must • not pause :there i: 4 4 - : mutt not give up our principles, because Wien:net t had 4ffeed• to do some part of our business for us ; we must stick to principle, and do our business also for ourselves. And times were coming which, he believed would be very favourable to those who would stick to their principles, and who depended upon the 'people to support them. The Whig Ministry had not the power to offer us the instalments they spoke of ; nor was he one of those who would sa-mction the calling out for instalments, when he had a ju3t debt to claim. The Whig Ministers had not the power to offer "it ; but -they say,. " We'll 'fight alongside to enable you to get it ?" Were the landowners likely to give it us 2. Had the Duke of Buckingham or the Duke of Richmond said, " We'll give you an Bs. fixed duty ?" No ; and on the very day that this was proL posed by Ministers, corn was paying 235. Bd. a quarter duty at the Customs at Liverpool.—(Hear.) That was the law that the Duke of Buckingham and Sir JaMes Graham would stand by, and they and their order were stronger than the Whig Government ; therefore. we were not in a situation to accept this instalment .; but we say to our debtors who dispute the debt, ." We will go on proving our debt before the people of Eng,. land ; and, if we work as we ought, we shall not only get an 8s fixed duty, but 20s. in the pound."—(Cheers.) We were as much entitled to immediate repeal as to an Bs. fixed duty. They talked of " protection ;" but he wanted to'ask what protection that labouring man had got whom he saw before him ?—(The •None at all, Sir.")—What protection have twenty millions of the people of this country, who depend, and whose families depend, upon their daily labour for subsistence ? He would subscribe 1,0001. to the Manchester Infirmary, if any one of thoe noble breathtaxers could prove be fore an impartial jury that the labourer of this country had, or could have, the slightest legislative protection.— (Hear, and cheers) ".Protection !" .whenever • they heard that word again, let them remember what was said by Col. Thompson, who found out those things years before us,—" Protection always means the robbing of somebody else."—(Laughter.) Ay, and in our case in England, it meant the robbing of the labouring classes for the benefit of the landowntr—(Hear)—the taking out of the pockets' of 'the poorest of the poor, to put into the already gorged pockets of the richest of our landed aristocracy—(Hear) the slicing off one-third of the bread-loaf of the poorest widow and poorest orphans in this town—that was the meaning of " protection." (Cheers.) The man who had already his estates, which never could be stolen from him, was not content with his acres, but must dip his finger into the cupboard of the poor hand-loom weaver.—(Applause.) They would tell the people that the object of those who wanted to repeal the Corn-laws, - to put down this bread-tax, was to reduce wages. He would jnit ask the working men present—had - the bread-tax kept up their wages ? No, no," and great cheering.) If it had not kept up their wages, then how had it protected the workmen and j labourers? No-they had no protection -for their labour; they sometimes had been foolish enough to ask for it ; thinking that, - because the landowners had protected ' themselves, they would protect the working men. He remembered petitions being presented to the House of Commons from the hand-loom weavers, praying the Legislature to regulate their wages, to give them a higher rate: of wages, or. to_ prevent theni going further down. • And.. what.was the Answer they. received ? The. Noble bread-taxers treated their petitions with scorn ; they laughed at them ; they said; " These poor igno rant people know nothing of political eConomy— (Laughter)—we cannot keep up the rate of wages ; we have no power over the rate of wages ; that is re gulated upon totally independent principles, by the lawS of 'supply and demand." And yet these were the very men who had passed a law to keep up the price of bread, tnprotect themselves, at the expense of those very labourers, when they confessed they had not the power, at the same time, to keep up the rate of wages.— (Hear.) Was there ever so mighty an injustice as that ? —(Great cheering.) His friend Mr. Smith had truly said that the monopolists were hanging togethermo nopolists in sugar and timber, and coffee and corn, would all hang, and, he - hoped, would all be hung together.— (Laughter.) But the most wonderful thing was, that the bread-taxers had all at once been seized with qualms of conscience, and had become the most religious men on the face of the earth.—(Laughter.) Oh, no ! they could not hear of our eating slave-grown sugar. Why, he (Mr.Cob den) was standing inslave-grown produce; his hat was lined with slave-groWn produce ; his pockets contained slave grown produce, - in the shape of gold, and silver ; and he had a snuff-box in his pocket, filled with slave-grown produce. He was literally crowned, clothed, and his pockets lined with slave grown produce ; and so were these noble monopolists; yet they said, " We can't think of the poor people of this country getting their sugar 2d. per pound cheaper, for fear they should promote slavery." —(Hear, hear.) This sudden conversion of these bread taxing monopolists to the cause of religion and humanity reminded him of the distich , 4, When the devil was sick, the devil a saint would be ; When the devil grew well, the devil a saint was he." —(Laughter.) And so with these bread-taxing monopo lists—when they found a heavy battering-ram dealt right Into their middle, by little Lord John Russell, they nulled sick, and were seized with a sudden fit of sancti fied morality—(Laughter)—but if. they should ever be gin to feel themselves safe as to their bread-tax, we should hear no more of their religion or their morality, he would be bound.—(Laughter.) We must set up for ourselves the standard of free trade, and_we should have the Whigs flocking to our standard, if we remained true to our principle ; for they knew that they could not fight with out the people, without whom the Whigs could not carry even their Bs. fixed duty. He believed, if we were to lay down our righteous principle of total and immediate re peal, we should be as powerless as the Whigs ; there fore, let us be true to our principles, but never let us commit the folly which some would fall into. of kicking those who are advancing towards us. He was not !dis posed to quarrel with those who would help him over the first impediment in his Way ; he saw a distant summit which he wished to crown ; and he should' be all the better able to climb it if he could get some stout, sturdy fellows in the meantime to help him along the road. Let Manchester make a demonstration ; the people in London did not really understand our feelings or wishes; they knew nothing of the suffering here. Why, let a man walk the streets of London, and see it thronged with the equipages of these bread-taxing nobles and commons in this gay sea son of May—how could these people know any thing of the distress here while living in that state of splendour, and when the only persons they came in contact with below their own rank were the rich,. fat, and pampered menials waiting upon them ? Let Manchester make a demonstration that would show to the people of Eng land at large, and to the Government, and the aristo cracy in . particular, that they were in the deepest state of suffering ; that they knew the cause of their suffer ing, and that they were determined that that cause should be immediately . removed. Let us hoist the banner of " Total and immediate _repeal of all mono polies," which were all robbery ; , and let us take care we give offence to no man but the bread-taxing and other monopolists. With them we must hold no terms, and never think of getting anything by favour from them ; but, if others, more in error than through wil fulness, had obstructed us before, let no taunts be used to them, but let us ask them to help us. With hypocrites and monopolists we would keep no terms ; but war to the knife with monopoly, which meant robbery. He could not have conceived that the bread-taxers could sink themselves lower in his estimation. than they had done, by seeking to profit from robbing the poor, by means of the Corn-laws for the last twenty-five years ; but they had sunk themselves lower still by their last ten days' exhibition. The Mahommedans had seven hells, and gradations of torment for each.particular crime ; but the very lowest and hottest of all these hells was for hypo crites.—(Laughter and cheers.) He did not know where the bread-taxers might go ; bUt the deepest of all places of torment was assigned - . to hypocrites. But they had in fact no bread-taxers in Mahommedan countries. The Grand SeigniOr did not dare to impose, a bread-tax in Turkey ; and even Mehemet. Ali, the tyrant of Egypt, had not got a bread-tax. In fact, no country was blessed with a bread-tax but England ; and the men who passed and who now support it were as vilehypocrites as they were bread-taxers. We wanted but union, and let us give a cheer for nniversal suffrage foi' the bread-tax. —(Three cheers were given, and Mr.. Cobden resumed his seat.) • Mr. DuocAN said it had been stated,:that, if the Corn-. laws were repealed, it would destroy Ireland, and sink it into misery. Now, he would ask • any . lrishman there, could Ireland be in greater misery than it was ? Go to Liverpool, and ask the 120,000 Irish slaves . who came over here to seek a living, did the Corn-laws benefit them ?—(" No.") In the county of Galway, bordering on the sea, the rent of land had increased from 11. to 31. an acre within the last three years. Until within these three years, the people were. allowed to gather sea-weed from the shore to manure the ground. for _their potato crops ; but now they had to pay 71. an acre for it. They then thought they might go into the sea and take the slime and mud ; but for this they had to pay. al. 10s. an acre. Now they were going to try the,effect of saline water, and he supposed that even this they would be charged so much a gallon for. An Irish landlord, the other day, went to one of his tenants and said, .‘ I am very glad you are a teetotaller, and you must now pay me 10s. more for my land.',:'— (Shame.) Why,, there was not the smoke of a factory in the whole land ; it was all agriculture ; but their sufferings would cause them to join hand in hand with us for the repeal of these laws. As to the proposition of Ministers, he would take ss. in the pound, and look for the rest afterwards. The CHAIRMAN, then put the' resolution, which passed unanimously. Mr. Wm. RATHBONE GREG, in moving the fourth resolution, said, he was a West India Proprietor, and the proposition of Government would tut off a larger portion of his income than he could well afford to do without, but he was also a manufacturer, but so strongly did he feel that the repeal of the Corn-laws would benefit him ten times more than the repeal of the Sugar duties would injure him, that he was come there to sup-. port it. They had now an opportunity of getting the Corn-laws repealed ; but if, from any prejudice or ~.rem issness they let this opportunity slip, they might never have another. They were all aware, that the other day the Duke of Wellington declared against any alteration in the Corn-laws.. He (Mr. Greg) hailed that as a happy omen ; for they well remembered, that ten years ago the Duke of Wellington declared solemnly and empha tically against another great measure, which the next wear became the law of the land, and he had no doubt the same result would follow this: Mr. THOMAS HoPKINS seconded the resolution. He. hailed the meeting of this day as the commencement of another system, when they could call for those measures which were calculated to relieve, and would, if carried, give them relief, and ui: e t neßendsuadtbtooi grant h t isnr e ete m te ntwnh t eo o eedrrni c teh o t won; two t i rt it d hbceia d t oyl h l e lovitn) L ahl snae e s nidss; lature. He did not wish to use the word command in nd n ga an g i e m d pro m pe man r sense. uidi jacpto s a e n t d ub w ly ere si t t h ti e n y g 'lle trusted that there was a sufficient :amount,. of .good. indivielhelll; Zre g°- .pe ' rs cal eV illi erei c ti ll , 4i - p ni art ti feul nal arr r y a , but,. if moncipcdies food,..was. it:to birfiuPP s ati . o4t this ftnoranouspopu,:, _ TH L SUN, LONDON, TR 1_ RSD Y, MAY ,20, 1841 lation would go on submitting to it ? When justice was refused to - them there . was danger, and great danger, that it would ,give rise to the thought, whe . then- they could not .piovide for. themselves. • They might say, „if the ,soutlr;' the east, and the west, the agricultural parts of the country, were determined to persevere, let us try what we can do for ourselves. They might talk of having a legislature in Manchester, as Mr. O'Connell tak e d o f one in Dublin. He did not mean to say this would be a good thing, far from it ; but he wished to sound the voice of alarm at an early pe riod, to prevent the people being - driven to such a course. Now these protective laws did not give this abundance, but obliged. many to go without a sufficiency. This was the fruit of the experience they had had. • It was said that experience, made fools wise ; but it had not made monopolists wise in a, national sense. Did these protective laws give them full employment ? Did they : ,give general employment even in agricultural district s ? and in the manufac turing districts had they not thrown an immense num ber out of employment ? ' That being the case; it did appear to him somewhat strange that no one thought of making. - a proposal like this :—A great number now were working only four days a week ; and suppose that they could apply the remainder of their time to manu factures, to send it abroad, they might take two millions' worth abroad, and . bring back two millions in grain. Here would be employment for these people. They would take cloth, and bring back the very article we were in need. of. What prevented this ? These monopoly laws, and nothing else. If these laws did not exist, there would be plenty of individuals who would undertake to bring the grain, and would not stop till, the manufactures were made. And what could be more. reasonable on the part of a number of people who were willing to work, and could not get it, - than to say—Let us seek work, that we may get our food ? He read, in a Tory newspaper, an account of the rate of wages in Odessa, which was written for the purposes of showing that, if the duty on wheat were repealed, there would be a low rate of wages. But when they said that wages were low, which was a fact, it showed that, where there were no manufactures, but agriculture flourished in a high degree, Wages were low. The wages there were lower than in our, country, notwith standing the Monopoly. The argument went against the agribulturists,.because agriculture there did nothing for the labourer. He hoped we should have many guah meetings as this ; for all the influence arising . out of. union should be brought to bear against our powerful opponents, who, taking forty or fifty millions a • year'out of the pockets f the people, would fight desperately for it. It is worth their while to spend money on elections, as, for every pound they spend, they could get 10/. or 201. from the pockets of the people. Lord John Rus sell's announcement was like a shell thrown amongst the Members, and the Tories saw that it was the beginning of a new system: He hoped,' ere long, we should have to throw up our caps in this hall, and huzza for " Free trade."--(Cheers.) •Mr. J. C. DYER moved the next resolution, and said this was the continuation of that movement which began in the Chainbcr of Couimerce; and - which gave rise to the Anti-Corn-huv League. When the people of -England are united, and. determined to carry any 'measure for the general benefit, it was not in the power of the 'aristocracy to ' resist 'their will. He now heard an ominous voice from 'a high quarter—a Minister of the Crown-,-at the eleventh' hour, avowed himself an advocate for the weakest and least protected party—the great mass of her Majesty's subjects. The stricken consciences of the monopolists told them that this was true, and they did not dare to gainsay it. All he would say was, that this Parliament should be made to do its duty, or another called in its stead.—(Hear.) . He would read and move a memorial to the Queen ; and he believed from his soul, that the Sovereign of these realms had the welfare of the country at heart.—(Applause.) Hitherto, the aristocracy had been too strong for both the Sovereign and the people ; but he hoped a better time was coming. In. conclusion, he spoke of an extension of the suffrage and vote by bal lot ; and moved that a memorial to her Most Gracious Majesty, the Queen, be adopted, and signed by the chair man, on behalf of this meeting. Mr. SAMUEL _ STOCKS, in seconding the resolution, said, that being one of the Anti-Corn-law League, he should. much prefer the total and immediate repeal ; but he would take the proposition of Ministers as an instalment. As to the agricultural labourers, what was the average of their wages ? Scarcely 9s. a week. Of that scanty pittance, 3s. went for duties on food, &c. It was desirable to take some steps to deny the grand calumny issued from both Houses of Parliament, and echoed in some London prints, that we, of the 'manufacturing districts, want to ruin and oppress the labouring classes of the agricultural districts ; than which Satan himself never told a greater lie. What would be the condition of the. farmer, farm-labourer, and tho manufacturing districts if we had no foreign trade at all ? We are bad enough, exporting to the value of fifty millions sterling ; then what shoUld we be without it ? We must deal with the rest of the world • and what could we give better than the prodnce of our labour employed on the various raw materials ? England got more from the labour employed on the raw materials than the countries which produced the materials themselves. Mr. Alderman BROOKS said, this being market day, there would be very little .to do •on •'Charige,to-day (as for a very long time past), for most of the merchants and manufacturers were here. He would engage to find all present With salt beef for ; three months at lid. a lb. if • they would get off the Corn-lawS: He had traded to Monte Video 25 year; and had never brought any beef thence because of the prohibition. The monopolists had been riding over us the last 25 years, and he wondered we. could sleep so quietly in our beds ; but John Bull was now upon his haunches, and depend upon it he would " straighten up" with them.—(Applause.) M'GowAN, an Irish operative, next addressed the meeting. He said, when the working classes were told that cheap provisions meant low wages, it.was time for them to, speak out. They would tell those men, under whose directions many of the working classes were guided, that they would no longer be led.by the Will-o'- Wisp of the North.---(Cheers.) They might be told, that having little to do, and nothing to eat, was better than having plenty to do and plenty to eat, but it would be difficult to make them believe that three loaves were not better than two. Mr. GEORGE HADFIELD referred to the letter of D. 'Robertson, on the condition of the poor in this district, in which it is stated that the average amount of the fever cases in 18345, - -when there was plenty , of food, was between 400 'and - 506' per—annum, while, in 1839, when bread was dear, there we re u p wa rds of ! 1,200. There was one class of men, who, he Was - sorry: to say, with a few splendid exceptions, kept aloof from this question, the Ministers of the Gospel. Where was the • Dean of Manchester. He owed his appointment to the Ministers who were bringing forward these measures. One hundred thousand of his parishioners were suffering from these laws, and surely he ought to sympathize with them and, if he came forward, he would certainly be supported by every denomination in the town. The thanks of the meeting were given to the Chairman. The MAYOR briefly acknowledged . the compliment, and, after three cheers for the repeal of the Corn-laws, and three cheers for the Queen, the meeting separated about a quarter to three o'clock. We have no hesitation in declaring the meeting to have been one of the largest ever assembled within the Town-hall. There were not fewer than 2,400 or 2,500 persons present. • The Chartists, though at the com mencement of the proceedings; exceedingly vociferous and noisy, were scarcely worthy of the name of a decent minority, so small a fraction did they in reality consti tute of the numbers present. Judging from as careful 'an Observation (with 'the advantage of an elevated station on the hustings), as we could make, we should say that the meeting was composed of about equal proportions of the middle -and the working classes, and the unanimity which prevailed from weakness, moment 'the Chartists dis- Covered their own was one of the most strik ing and gratifying feelings of the meeting. No expres sion of public opinion could have been more unequivocal, unanimous, or, decided, than that which we have now recorded; of the first great collective meeting of the in habitants of the municipal borough of Manehester. STATE OF TIPADE. MANCHESTEB.—Theiv was no change in the market yesterday ; the demand continued quite as inanimate as ever, and the gradually increasing stocks of the spinners and manufacturers compelled many persons to sell at prices involving the most ruinous sacrifices. Nor does there'seem to be the slightest prospect of improvement, from a great diminution of produce, and that diminution is' now rapidly taking place. We understand, that most of the spinners at Bolton, Rochdale, Bury, and Lan caster, have commenced, or are about commencing, to work four days per eek only, an d th ere i s some expecta tion that a similar 'measure will shortly be adopted at 'Preston, in which case we believe it will become quite general throughout the district. ROCHDALE FLANNEL MARKET, MOKDA.Y', MAX 17. The market has been of a very discouraging nature day; the demand being very limited, and prices-uncom monly low. The wool market has been quite as bad as the piece market, with little - change in priees.. The woollen and cotton trade in this town are both growing worse, and several of the cotton factories are working only lour. days a week. The poor-rates are fast in creasing, and the overseers find daily a greater difficulty in'colleCting thern;—Manchester Guardian. MURDER ON BOARD AN .ENGLISH VESSEL. —So far back as the evening of Wednesday, the 6th of January last, while the schooner Lorina Thompson, of Liverpool, Captain Bettes, was in the port of Algiers, a quarrel arose between one of the seamen named Elias Enough, a native of Jersey, and the cook, an Irishman, named John Rein, during which the latter, as is alleged, seized a large ham-knife, and plunged it i n to th e c h es t o f the seaman, which penetrated to the back bone. The seaman died in a few .hours "afterwards, and Reid • was immediately secured, and . put in irons by order of the BritiSir Consul, who issued strict orders to the Captain Holyloch, arrived on Satur- , of the Lorina Thompson to have him conveyed to Eng land. The vessel sailed for the Clyde, and,' after -per otflieCaptain Richardson of prisoner' was trans will be detained until in structionst:l.ohal:Y aeaidnforming brhociaenitilasßair-pheraoe°llrlineitne( received i)tlNVtthlest fir'triell.:a‘e.nhrillgeetenh e Secretary of State as,to, his ultimate disposal. If the usual custom is followed, Reid, We believe, will be brought to trial before the i (o of Engl a nd . Th e pri soner and the dep os iti ons an d poit n been s e nt a l ong With the vessel: MO RTAL ITY.;--ever, . within the memor y of s:6ru ab ou t t r e, t i ,of e.. the x2o t n the grave during that period, the oldest inhabitant, have there h been so many deaths in the parish of,Kirkbeatsajl.LrjLoyot_ a space, as in- the interval froai . the beginning to tl . te f the present month ; 21 per • „ Leeds Votes. . "}4t-- li in s c h ip a a v l i l n y g : e nsi n st e in ° 7 l4: " t.°l43 ye ars o: Prince Felix Bacebitelliool*- hutband. of the I)tineest sis . frr ctia4 st 134- 4 riztia, where be baCiva A 9.17 :F.vif.wytaifi iolooiked. „.. SUBSTITUTE• FOR LNDIRECT TAXATION. TO LORD JOHN RUSSELL., DIY LORD,—WiII you excuse the . liberty I take in sug gesting to you a very short way of closing the protracted discussion on our general commercial policy. I would most respectfully recomni end, that you at once propose to the House of Commons to raise the entire amount of the revenue from a duty on inhabited houses of 5/. rental and upwards. Tax neither land nor cordmercial manufactures ; but let the farmers pro duce for us corn, beef, butter, potatoes, &c., and ex change them with our manufacturers for clothing, and every other possible description of articles comprised in the utile et duke of life. GIVE us AN UNFETTERED COMMERCE WITH ALL THE WORLD.—Convert our Custom-houses and Excise-offices into national schools, and such of their officers as cannot be employed as tax-gatherers, let them become school masters. On this plan we should find abundant employment •for • our labouring population, and scope for the en terprising energies and capital of our merchant princes. The landowners would get a higher rent for their land than they can obtain under the present system of miscalled protection—the farmers would receive a higher price for their productions from the improved wages. of the labourers. The iron works, and other duty-fostered manufactures in France, Continental Europe, and America, would vanish into airy nothing, and leave only wreck behind before our superior means of production. Commercial treaties would become waste paper, and there would.be an end to all smuggling. The bonds of peace would be closely and everlastingly connected by that surest of all ties, reciprocity of inte rests. We . should soon cease to witness the disgusting anomaly of slavery existing in its most hideous forms; in a country boasting of the superior liberty of. its constitu tion, and enlarged freedom of its establishments ; and man wOuld - speedily bc taught to recognise; in its fullest ac ceptation, the universal brotherhood of man. The party distinctions of Whig,. Tory, Radical, and Chartist would cease to be known, and the combined ta lent of each would be found united for the, common weal -.-_-their motto, " Party is the madness of many, for the gain of a few." . I belong not to that class of politicians, who are eter nally blaming Ministers for not going faster a-head. I think.. that they have always been m advance of the people ;: and having at, length succeeded in awakening their apathetic souls, and arousing their dormant energies, may God crown their efforts for human amelioration with complete success, and commerce, civilisation, and Chris tianity be found traversing together the utmost bounds of the earth, and diffusing their blessings over all mankind.- I have the honour to remain, with great respect; your Lordship's very humble and obedient Servant, JOSEPH JOHNSON; of Liverpool. London Coffee-house, Ludgate-hill, London. May 19, 1841. • TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. "'Morley's Hotel, 5 mo. 19, 1841. "Respected Friend, Sir Robert Peel, Bart.—lt was with the greatest surprise that in the House . of-Commons' last night, I heard thee attach to W. R. Greg's pamphlet, on the slavery question, the observations made to thee by the deputation from the Manchester Chamber of Commerce, in regard to the " Report of the Directors," which shovis so triumphantly the success of Mr. Huskisson's free-trade policy. " It will not have escaped thy recollection when I recall what took place between that deputation 'and thyself—that after its members had urged upon thy attention the approach ing renewal of our treaties with America and the Brazils, and dwelt upon the necessity of a more liberal commercial policy, they requested of thee the favour to read the Report alluded to, of which they handed thee a copy, together with a string of Resolutions' repudiating all protection.' " It was thy judgment upon these documents by which the deputation expressed their willingness to abide—documents in which thou wilt find the following statements, showing that by the adoption of Mr. Huskisson's policy our exports to India have been increased from 1,874,6901., m 1814 to 5,600;5761., in 1839 ; that our foreign shipping trade has been increased from 1,398,688 tons in 1815 to 3,096,611 tons in 1839 ; that our silk trade had also been increased from 1,940,9021b5. in 1824 to 5,020,0341b5. in 1839 ; and that our linen and woollen manufactures had also been amazingly increased, by throwing off the ' protection' they had previ ously enjoyed ; and showing, also, at pages 12 and 13, that they deemed it desirable to withdraw protection' from our colonies. " The tax imposed on the consumers, by being obliged to give double the prices for sugar and coffee to our colonies, that these articles can be purchased at from other countries, amounts to upwards of six millions per annum, levied for.the exclusive benefit of the colonies to whom a few years ago the British peo ple paid 20 millions for the abolition of slavery." Pursuing some allusions to the slavery question made by thyself near the close of our interview, and feeling ardently on the subject, I undertook, when the members of the deputation were on their legs to depart, to inquire whether thou hast seen the pamphlet of W. R. Greg, touching Sir F. Buxton's scheme, and when thou said thou had not, and expressed a de sire to see it, 1 undertook to send thee a copy, which I did, simply in my own name, with the note, which thou was pleased to read, in the House last night on the occasion of Lord Sandon's motion, the terms of which were announced only upon the day after our interview, although to thyself, they were then, even then, , most probably well known. " As the other gentlemen stated that they had not seen the work alluded to, they are not answerable for my recommenda tion of some of the views contained in that pamphlet and whetter the impression intended to be conveyed to the House is just or not, in regard to myself, may be judged from the facts, that I took my part m the advice of the deputation when waiting upon thyself as upon other Members, and that I have since defended, in Exeter Hall, the proposals of the Ministry —a proof that my opinions are at variance with my quotations from Mr. Gregg's work. " I am, respectfully, thy friend, " H. ASHWORTH," DR. REID'S LECTURES.; On Monday Dr. Reid gave the introductory lecture to his course on the chemistry of the atmosphere, at Willis's Rooms. The principal object for which Dr. Reid contends is the institution of elementary lessons in practical chemistry in all schools and academies, as an in troduction to the study of ,physical science, and insists strongly upon the pupils being called upon to per form experiments themselves. The accompanying ex tracts from a printed statement which he has circulated embrace the principal points to which he more particu larly refers : Chemistry stands on grounds altogether peculiar, when con sidered as a branch of general education, from its practical relation to the materials that affect man every moment during the whole period of his existence. No one can study the phenomena of respiration,—the nature and varieties of atmosphere to which the human frame is exposed,—the theory of combustion—the communication of heat—the pro duction of artificial light—the purification of water—the evo lution of poisonous gases, and other deleterious impurities— or any portion of the infinite variety of facts which this science has pointed out or explained, without seeing the im portant position which it bears to the general economy and management of the means provided by the Author of Nature for the existence and *the comfort of man. Every one in reality is more or less a practical chemist, whe ther he shall study chemistry systematically or not ; and the question therefore is, how far in the preEent state of society it may be proper to introduce, as a general branch of education, a course of such select illustrations as may enable all to be come familiar with those facts connected with this science that influence the comfort and eemenny of daily life. Such courses would have the advantage of awakening the mind of the young pupil to a more precise understanding of the nature of the material world in which he is placed ; and thus he would be led to connect with the explanations given in the school-room, a large share of the phenomena of nature and of art, of which, under ordinary circumstances, he is corn parativel unobservant from the want of a proper key. They have net been recommended without a fair trial of their practicability. Several years ago courses were given to upwards of a thousand persons, from different schools and aca demies, with a view of determining details, and it is submitted that were arrangements made for their general introduction, an expenditure of a very trifling sum each school would be suffi cient to provide apparatus for illustrating the more important and essential points in chemistry connected with the general preservation of health, the economy and management of fuel, and the various departments of this science that are contin; ually forced upon the attention in every class of society. It is not contemplated to engage his attention with compli • cated instruments, but to render him familiar with the use of more simple apparatus, such as he will have no difficulty in experimenting with after a little practice, while, at the same time, it would be sufficient for all the illustrations required, and be provided by the manufacturer within the sum that has been mentioned. In all the schools where such trials have hitherto been made the pupils entered eagerly into the prescribed exercises. They were evidently, when properly arranged, congenial to their in clinations and adapted to their capacities. One hour a week, for one session, would be sufficient to lay a good foundation, were no more time granted. And when the illustra tions shown by the teacher are conjoined with a system of practical lessons in testing with flat glass apparatus, the ope -1 rations in which the pupils engage individual l y afford a m e ntal I exercise of great practical importance, while they train, in early life, those that perform them to habits of precise and accurate observation. The union of a certain amount of 'practice with the theory of the subjects taught, however simple the arrangements by which all the pupils are enabled to join in this department, has been found of great importance in carrying these views into effect.. The pupil then, as Chaptal has well observed of those who engage in experiments , " sees in his practice the confirmation of all that is told him ; he refers all that is said to all that he does ; he compares the theory with his own operations, and, in a manner, identifies it with them." Again, such courses would not only be important in eCono mixing the means and increasing the comforts of the poor, but would prove equally advantageoua to other classes of society. Further, they have become essential for young persons in tended for professions where a knowledge of physical science is necessary, as from the great progress mov made in all its branches without some previous training in elementary schools, it would be as impossible to expect the medical man, the engi neer, the architect, the manufacturer, and all who are profes tionally interested in science, to obtain that amount of informa tion from the usual course of education which is now required, as it would be for any ono to attain a proper rank as a scholar, or a mathematician, were he never to enter upon the study of classics or mathematics till he should join a University. Even new, in some professions, it is observed that the period of pro fessional education is not adapted to the present state of science, and if elementary instruction, in some _branches at least, be not provided systematically in schools and academies, an extended period must be allotted to it at a future time, which would bear heavily en the means and resources of the advanced stu dent, or College and University courses must be kept at a low par compared with the ground they would take were professors not compelled, as they too often are at present, to begin their courses with the most simple and elementary facts, which might I be taught more advantageously before the pupils come to them. Chemistry, accordingly, may be affirmed to have claims upon general attention which no other branch of physical science presents; and it is also to be considered, from the cognisance valid, it takes of the composition of matter, as the basis of Other branches which can be associated with it afterwards in each peculiar institution as local circumstances may de termine. Were the above suggestions carried into effect, a great mass of information in reference to health, confined among a com paratively small number at present, would in the course of a very few years be much more generally diffused throughout the country, and then perhaps additional and more willing as sistance night be calculated upon in carrying out the details of a ll public measures for the improvement of health, particularly in that class of society whose want of means and of informa -001) r e l idtr,them most obnoxious to those causes of diseas! , T thieh on be , alleviated or removed by care and attention: Nor ought it to be forgotten that these means would establish, at the same time, opportunities which might enable emigrants to a.cguire a knowl.dg-e of nutherotis facts that must be highly valuable to them after they leave their native country, though perhaps the establishment of a few local schools for this pur pose, in the principal ports from which they embark, would also be desirable. Toe Lecture was illustrated, by a number of experi ments. The lecture-table is raised upon an extensive platform about thirty feet in length, with a large flue or tube extending all its length, through which, by nume rous communications, air can be drawn from any part of the table. At the extreme end of the table, on the right of the Lecturer, there is a large glass model of the pre sent House of Commons, and on the left hand another model is placed, in which ascending and descending movements in the air are made palpable by communica ting various vapours to them. In the centre is placed the principal a pp aratus for producing movements in the air, more especially a powerful furnace, such as is used at the Houses of Parliament, and a fanner similar to those employed in the Niger steam-ships ; these are used alternately in conducting the experimental illustrations. SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. YORK SPRING MEETING.-TUESDAY. The York Derby Stakes of 50 soya. each, h. ft., for three yrs old colts, Bst 71b ; and fillies, Bst 21b. One mile and a half. (4 subs.) Mr. Ga3coigne's b c Jack Sheppard..... (Templeman) 1 Major Yarburgh's b c Heslington Duke of Cleveland's b c Middleham, by Aluley Moloch 3 Duke of Cleveland's ch o Giaeur, by Sultan Wen by three quarters of a length. The Two yr old Stakes of 30 soya. each, 10 ft., for colts, Bst 71b; fillies, Bst 41b. (10 subs. ) Mr. J. Osborne's b c Skipton, by Stockport (Day) 1 Air. Brook's br f Idolatry, by Aluley Moloch 2 Duke of Cleveland's b c Fozberry, by Voltaire Air. Osbaldeston 's br cby The Saddler, out of Fickle • 4 Mr. G. S. Folja.mbe's b t by Bay Middleton Air. Jaques's b c Playfellow, by Tomboy, Out of Galeno Won by a head. The New Stakes of 15 sous. each, for three yr old colts, Bst 71b; and fillies, Sat 21b, One mile and a half. (2t3 subs.) Lord Chesterfield's ch c Knight of the Whistle ( Scott) 1 Mr. S. King's b c .Zattonian, by Muley Moloch Air. Bell's b c Thirsk, .by Voltaire Air. Gascoigne's ch c Quilt Arnold, by Langer 4 Lord Eglinton's ch c Zamiel, by Aluley Moloch Major Yarburgh's bl f Brandy Snap, by Muley Moloch Sir C. H. Ibbetson's f Whartdale Maid, by Voltaire... 7 Mr. Kirby's b e MUsician, by Muley Moloch.. Won by a head. GORHAMBURY RACES.-TUESDAY. The late hour at which the races terminated; puts it out of our power to enter so fully into details as their merits de served. We can only state briefly, that the great improvement Wrought into the character of the meeting by its removal, from No-man's-land to Lord Verulam's beautiful park, has been fully appreciated in the sponing circles, and that the nomina tions for the various stakes warranted expectations which were wore than realized by the quantity and excellence of the sport yesterday afternoon. Tempted as much by the fineness of the weather as by the plethoric appearance of the list, the metropolitans, amateur as well as processional, availed themselves of the eleven o'clock train, and continu:ng their journey by the conveyances provided at the Watford terminus, reached the course in ample time for the first race. The country folks also mustered in great force, and the attendance .generally was quite up to the average. Of rank and fashion, owing to the long-winded de bate on the sugar duties, and to the melancholy death of Sir F. Johnstone, which shortened the list of visitors at Gorhambury House, the proportion was not so large as usual; nevertheless, that there was a goed sprinkling of both, the names given underneath will prove. The arrangements on the course were, in most respects, the same as last year, and were equally successful in maintaining order, and promoting the comfort aad amusement of the spectators. We may add, that the course was in the best pos sible order for running, and that the erection of a small, but convenient Grand Stand adjoining the weighing stand, and having no inclosed space in front, proved a most welcome accommodation. We subjoin the customary returns. The Craven Stakes of 10 sovs. each, and 20 added from the fund ; for three yrs 6st 121 b ; four, est 71b - five, 9st ; six and aged, 9st 21b. Cherry-tree in. Six gubs. Captain Gardnor's b c Ben Brace, 3 yrs (Nat) 1 Lord Sandwich's Normanby, aged Lord Verulam's c by Actaeon—Corumba, 3 yrs 3 Mr. Coleman's Carlos, 4 yrs 4 Lord March's The Lawyer (h b), 4 yrs 5 7t04 on Ben Brace. Carlos made all the running to the distance, where he was headed by Normanhy and the Actaeon colt • Ben Brace waited on this pair half - way up , when ,he challenged, and won easy by half a length, the Act min colt falling astern the moment he was collared. The sir Hercules Stakes of 20 soya. each h ft, with 50 added by the Proprietor of Sir Hercules for the produce of mares, covered by that horse in 1838 ; colts, Bst 51b ; fillies, Bst 21b. Last mile. 3 Subs. Lord Verulam's e out of Duvernay (Conelly) 1 Sir. Shelley's f lole lole ' the favourite, won in a canter by three lengths. The Ladies Plate of 30 sovs., for horses that never won ; 3 yrs 7st; 4 yrs, Bst 121 b; 5 yrs, and upwards, 9st 51b; mares and geldings allowed Sibs. The winnerto be sold for 1201., &c. Stand Course. Mr. T. Taylor's f. by Ishmael, out of Charity 3 yrs (Nat)... 1 Mr. Booth's Russell Frost, 4 yrs.. ... 2 Mr. Kingston's Fugleman, 4 yrs 3 Sir. Kempster's bin Chance h b aged. . . . 7 to 4 each agst Russell Frost and the Charity filly. Chance took the lead and made the running for a mile and a quarter ; Russell Frost then went in front, and after disposing of Fugle man, was ecllared by the filly a few lengths from the chair, and beaten en the post by a head. The Gorhambury Stakes (handicap) of 25 sovs. each, 15 ft, and 5 only if cteclared,'with 50 added from the Fund; the winner of the Newmarket Stakes, or the Chester Cup, 71bs extra, of the Suffolk Stakes bibs extra; the second to save his stake. Fir Clump in. 50 subs, 29 of whom declared.. Mr. S. Stanley's The tienius, 4 yrs, 7st 41b (Bartholomew) 1 Mr. Graydon's Clinker, 5 yrs, Bst 31b 2 The following also started, but were not placed :—Lord Grimston's nd Isaac, aged, 9st 71b; Mr. Herbert's Arctic, aged, 9st 31b ; Mr. Goodman's Bedford, 5 • yrs, est 61b ; Mr. Cole man's Chemist, 6 yrs, Bst 21b ; Lord Exeter's Bosphorus, 5 yrs, Bst ; Sir. Tidrrarsh's Lincoln, aged, Bst ; Lord Chesterfield's Molineux, 4 yrs, Bst; Mr. Flintoff's The Plover, 4 yrs, 7st t llb ; Sir. Griffith's Tupsley, 4 yrs, 7st 61b; Sir. Hornsby's Re voke, 5 yrs, 7st 41b; Mr. Wade's Turncoat, 6 yrs, Tat; Lord Verulam's b m, by Actaeon, out of Broeard, 5 yrs, 7st ; Balehin's Dromedary, 4 yi s, 7st ; Mr. Shelley's Hellespont, 4 yrs, 6st 12ib ; Mr. Worley's Pansey, 4 yi is, Est 81b ; Lord Sandwich's Grasshopper, 4 yrs, 6st 71b ; Mr. Scott's Windsor, 3 yrs, sst 121 b ; and. Lord Albemarle's c. by Taurus, out of Perfume, 3 yrs, sst. 61b. Betting-6 to 1 against Genius, Bto 1 agst Mollineux, 10 to 1 against Windsor, 10 to 1 against .Isaac ' 10 to I against Hellespont , 12 to 1 against Arctic, 12 to 1 against Bedford; 15 to 1 agst Bosphorus; and 2 to 1 agst Grasshopper. Revake, the Perfume colt, and the Actaeon mare, went off in front, the former leading for rather more than a quarter of a mile; she _then fell in the rear, and the running was made to the top of the hill by the Brocar d mare, a ruck of horses following so close, that it would be difficult to say which was in front. The Genius now took up the running, followed by Clinker and Bosphorus, and in this order they finished, the Genius winning easy by a couple of lengths. Bos phorus, Bedford, and Molineaux were tolerably well up, but all the others were beaten off. The Brigade Stakes of 5 sovs each, with 25 added, for horses the property of Officers of the Household Brigade and the Regiments quartered at Hounslow and Windsor, to be ridden by the same, Last mile. The winner to be sold for 1501. (22 Subs.) Capt. Martin's bl g Dismal Jemmy, 4 yrs, lOst 41b... 1 Mr. Alexander's Perfidious, 6 yrs, 12st 41b. 2 The following also started, but were not placed :—Mr. Oli ver's Moselle, 5 yrs, 12st 21b ; Sir C: Kent's Abel, 5 yrs, list 121 b; and Lord March's The Lawyer, 4 yrs, lOst 41b. Perfidious made running to the rope, where Dismal Jemmy passed him, and won very easy. Ihe St. Alban's Town 4..:up, added to a Sweepstakes of 10 sovs. each, hft ; three- yrs, 6st 101 b ; four yrs, Bst 51b ; five yrs, 6st 101 b ; four yrs, Bst 51b ; five yrs, 9st 61b ; six yrs and aged, 9st 91b. Verulam Course. (10 Subs.) Mr. Booth's Benjamin, 4 yrs Mr. Herbert's Arctic, aged (h b) e Mr. Collins' Isaac, aged 3 Even on Isaac, and 7to 2 agst Benjamin. A fine race with the three, and won by half a neck only. The Stand Stakes of 5 sov. each, with 25 sov. added; 3 yrs. tist 71b ; 4 yrs, Bst 71b ; 5 yrs, 9st ; 6 yrs and aged, 9st 41b ; winners once in 1841 to carry 31b, and twice, 51b extra ; m and 'g allowed 31bs ; the winner to be sold for 200 sov. Heats, the Stand Course. • Mr. Booth's Isabella, 6 yrs (Sly) 1 1 2 2 Mr. Worley's Mogul, 4 yrs Mr. Arnold nd Carlos , 4 y rs 4 3 Mr. Taylor's f by Ishmael, out of Charity, 3 yrs 3 dr Both heats won easy. DERBY BirrTiNG.—The only bets we heard were 5 to 1 agst Ralph, 10 to 1 agst Belgrade, 14 to 1 agst Ga:aor, 25 to agst Caradoc (afterwards offered), and 25 and 3() to 1 agst Sir Hans. The following are the names of some of the principal visit ors :—Dukes of Dorset and Rutland, Marquises of Exeter and Anglesea, Earls of Verulam, Jersey, Chesterfield, and Uxbridge ; Lords C. Paget, Grimston, Somerton4J Manners, Maidstone, Villiers, Drumlanrig, &c, ; Countesses of Albe marle and Verulam, and the Ladies Constance and Eleanor Paget ; Sirs C. Cockerell, C. Kent, and W. W. Wynn ; Colonel Peel ; Hons. G. Anson, G. S. Byng, G. Fitzroy, H, Bons, H. Baring, J. Villiers, and R. Grimstone ; Messrs. Gardnor, Newton, jun., De Winton, Brand, Phillimore, Bulkeley, Irby, Magimus, Gregory, S. Stanley, Oliver, Alex ander, Vyse, Knox, Bastard, Beauchamp, &c. WS DNESDAY. The list provided for the second day was prolific of sport, and with the exception of the Gorhambury Stakes, was not less calcu'ated to attract the lovers of racinthan its predecessor, of Tuesday. Unfortun a t e ly, however, the weather • was cold, boisterous, and wet, until half or the races had been run off, and the company, as a disagreeable consequence, was unprofit ably select. About four o'clock the rain ceased, arid'the re. mauler of the afternoon was perfectly fine. The rading com menced at two o'clock, with The Clarendon Stakes of 10 sons. each, with 30 added, for 3 yrs, 7st • and 4 yrs, Bst 101 b. The Cherry - tree mile. 5 subs. Lord Verulam's ch f, by Actaeon, out. of his Brocard, 3 yrs .1 Mr. Scott's eh Windsor. Captain Gardner's b c, Ben Brace, 3yrs . 3 Mr. Booth's Benjamin, 3 yrs Betting-5 to 4on Ben Brace. Benjamin had the lead for half a mile, and was then passed by Windsor, who made run• ning at a good pace, but was challenged close to the-post, and beaten by a neck. '1 he Park stakes of 10 soya. each and 50 added for 2 yrs old colts, List 71b,;and fillies Bst 41b; winners 41bsextra. T. Y. C. 5 subs. Mr. Coleman's Gazelle , by Jerry (W Coleman) 1 Sir. Shelley's Jole 2 The following also started but were not placed :--51r. Good man's ch. f. Banish ; Mr. 1-1. T. Worley's br. f. Conjugation and Lord Orford's b. f. by Bay Middleton, out of Goldpin. Even betting on Banish, 2 to 1 .against Lord Orford's f., and h e race 4to I against Gazelle. Lord Orford's fillwmhaodweernutnonwinugittho the rapes, where she was hea ded b y Gazelle, l t _ i h t o t m o e th w e a G s s r o :lanlose Stand, that Conjugation g ,, a , s i e a a n t d ot J 01 e only y ribgy u , half a neck, and was not above a neck in advance of Lord Orford's filly; Conjugation was well up. The Verulam Stakes of 20 SOV9• each , with 50 added; for 4 yrs, 3stl2lb; 5 yrs,9st 7lb ; and aged, 9st 101 b. The second sa ves his stake ; the Verulam Course. (5 Subs.) . Mr. Booth's Benjam in, 3 y rs. . (Sly) 1 Lord Chesterfield's Molineux, 4 yrs 3 Mr. Worley's Pansey, 4 I oo h yrs .......... 2 Even on 11Iolineux. 'ollow a race to require a descrip tion. Benjamin won by four or five lengths. for Th e Kingsbury (Ha ndica p ) Sweepstakes of 15 sous. 3 yrs old and up wards • tildden by officers of the Army each, Navy, or by , members or sons of members , white's, or Boodle's, Brooke's the Jockey Club, &c. &c. c " 's , mile. (7 Subs.) Cherry -tree Mr ; Cavendish's urlesv, aged, I.lst Capt. i‘lartin's Dismal Jemmy, 4 yr!,', il e t ...( Mr * Olive r) 1 . •,, ........... if MORNING EDITION. Mr. Coleman's Chymist, 6 yrs, Ilst 61b No betting. Curlew had it all his own way, and won in a canter. The Brigade Handicap of 5 sovs. each, with 25added, from the Fund, for all ages. T. Y. C. (24 Subs. ) Mr. Cavendish's b g Curlew, aged, llst 31b...(Mr. Oliver) 1 Mr. Balchints The Dromedary, 4 yrs, llst 101 b 2 The following also started : —Mr. Beauclerck's nd br Chance, 4 yrs 1 Ist ; Mr. Alexander's Perfidious, 6 y rs , List 101 b ; and Lord March's The Lawyer, 4 yrs, lOst Glb. . Curlekw made his own running, arid again won in a canter. The Hunters' Stakes of 10 sovs., with 25 added, 12st each ; thorough-bred horses, 211bs extra; the winner at the Hunters Stakes at the 800, 121bs extra. Stand Course. (5 Subs.) ... Baron Rothschild's eh g Consul (Mr. Bretherton) I Mr. Bond's Jupiter, agrd, (h b) Mr. Brown's Nimrod, aged Mr. Adam's Oak Stick The race was confined to Consul and Jupiter, and axis wow. easy by two lengths. The stakes were claimed by the 'owner of Jupiter on the ground that, being thorough-bred, Consul did not carry the extra weight. MANCHESTER, TUESDAY EVENING. Owing to the state of the odds at Tattersall's yesterdp, to private letters, Ralph again took the premier's place f or the important contest of Wednesday nest, over Epsom Doom*. The following is the state of the betting. THE DERBY. 9 to 2. apt Lord Aloemarle's Ralph—off. taken 5 to 1. 6 to 1 apt Lord Westminster's Van Amburgh—off. 8 to 1 agst Lord Westminster's Marshal Soult taken, and then offered 10 to 1 agst Mr. RavOinson's Coronation—taken and then offered. 12 to 1 agst Mr. Vansittart's Galaor—off. 25 to I agst Mr. Mostyn's Prince Caradoc. 200 to 3 agst Mr. Thornhill's E. o.—off. 300 to 3 agst Col. Westenra's The Nob—off. 200 to 2 agst Sheriff of Fulton--off. 400 to 6 agst Satirist—taken. 200 to 3 agst Mr. Rush's two—off. 200 to 5 agst Duke of Rutland's Sir Hans—off. r 2 . 00 to 2 agst Lord Orford's Arundel—taken. 100 to 1 agst Col. Anson'sl:4OJWaingion—taken. Ralph, &mit, Van Amburgh, and Coronation were at first backed at evens v. the field, then to 25 laid on them. Offers to take sto 4 three defeat the field. Offers to back Scott to have the "first favourite at the start." .5 to 2, as the room " broke up," offered against Van and Soult—take three freely. THE OsEs..-The Marquis of Westminster's twe mares would each of them hive been: backed freely at 6to 1. 'A few 30's to 5 were laid v. Lampoon. 7to 1 seemed the top offer v. Ermengardis. Mystery was backed at 15 to Ito a small sum. Offers to back the Marquis winning the Oaks v. the Derby. THE ST. LEGER.-1(X) to 9 was laid v. Van Amburgh ; since, 9 ponies to 1 freely offered. 'THE MANCHESTER CUP.-6 to 1 was offered to be taken on Mr. Richardson's Kingston Robin ; he has been backed at that figure. POSTAGE TO INDIA. It will be gratifying to those who have correspondents in India to know, that a great inconvenience will be soon done away with—viz., the obligation of paying the postage on this side, and That in a short time postage may be paid both here and in India, and both on the transmission • and receipt of the letters. The London, East India, and China Association having renewed their memorial to the Lords of the Treasury on the 'subject of the optional payment of letters between this country and India, their Lordships have directed the Postmaster- General to carry the arrangements proposed by the East India Company, in the following letter to Mr. Clay, M.P., Secretary to the India Board (to whom the subject had been referred) into effect : _ _ _ " East India-house, March 11, 1841. " Sir,—l have laid before the Court of Directors of the East India Company your letter of the 3d inst., And the enclosed correspondence relative to the optional pre payment of letters paSsing between the United Kingdom and India- via Gibraltar and Falmouth, respecting which the Board of Commissioners for the Affairs of India are desirous of ascertaining the Court's opinion. " The Court direct me to state in reply, that consider ing the proposed arrangement as one calculated to promote the convenience of the public in both countries, they are willing to facilitate its introduction, and accordingly to give orders for thecollection in India on behalf of her Majesty's Government of the postage due both on unpaid letters posted in the'United Kingdom and on letters for this country prepaid in India, and for the remittance to England of the amount collected by bills in favour of her Majesty's Postmaster-General, in the manner - already adopted with respect to the postage levied on letters passing . between India and places in the Red Sea or Persian Gulf, &c. The scale of rates authorized by the Lords of the Treasury for the collection of the postage on the last mentioned description of letters may, it is presumed, be applied to all letters on which postage may hereafter be levied in India on behalf of her Ma)esty's Government. " The Court will also take care to transmit to India any communication which may be considered necessary for the information of the Indian post-masters: k in the collection of the postage, and they would suggest,- with the view of insuring the well-working of the new sys tem, that detailed directions on the subject should be drawn up at the General Post-office here, and that the proposed arrangement should not be carried into effect without giNing due notice to the authorities in India, and allowing time for the requisite preparations there. " I have the honour -to be, &c., " JAMES C. MELVILL. - To Wm. Clay, Esq., M.P., India Board."—Times. WHAT HAS THE CHURCH DONE? TO THE ED17 4 01? OF THE SfJM Sfit,—ln case the piesent plan OrMinisters • for . , in creasing the revenue should ndrbe clan red,' there a plan toTropo.sa founded on the foPwing reasons, with which I believe three-fourths of the inhabitants of England, Scotland, and Ireland will agree.: . _ - The Church as by law established, was established for increasing Christianity, producing uniformity, the de struction of Popery, the expelling of ifOoranee; and that in..every village in the kingdom•there should he one from his knowledge, wealth, and office eepable,of assisting the poor and.oppresSed against the • oppressor„ a man looked up to as the father of his flock., That in the Legislature of the country there should be a body of learned.. men to defend the infettlfS of reli gion, of peace, and of the poor. x,l Ilas it increased Christianity ? Who ' visits the 'miners oflCOrnwall, tbi)Colliers of Kingswood, and the ignorant village population of Eng land generally. ? Certainly not the clergy, but the Dis senters ; the clergy in many villages preaching only once in three weeks. --- ,Has it produced uniformity of religious opiniOn ? It found England with only ,tWo sects, Papists and Lollards, at the time it was established ; now there are nearly two hundred. Has it destroyed Popery ? The Catholics have considerably increased :in Ireland, and the Protestants decreased. Has it expelled ignorance ? It is notorious that in thoSefew villages which Dissent has nut reached, the ignorance of the people is greater than anywhere else. Could Tom, alias Sir William Courtenay, preach with such success anywhere but in the neighbourhood of the principal cathedral in England? The clergy have adopted Sunday schools only to defend themselves from • the Dissenters, who haVe used them successfully for years. Are the clergy looked up to as •friends ? The most unpopnlar..man: iu.a_country village is the parson, who is generally overbearing to the poor, and subservient to the great- Are the interests of religion defended by the Bishops ? They never speak of religion in the house, but fre quently of their temporalities. Did the Bishops ever attempt to prevent war ? Never ! ! ! Did they ever attempt to prevent want ? No ! Look at their votes and speeches on the Corn laws. Did . they ever raise their voices for the abolition of slavery ? Neer ! ! As the Church has failed in all the things expected of her, and as she is the cause of much disturbance and unchristian feeling throughout the country, and of much obstruction in the Legislature, since not a public Act, and scarce a Railway Bill can be passed which, does not meet with obstruction from her, I'propose . that she be abolished, and all her property, as soon as the present life holders die, be paid into the funds for the-purpose of reducing the National Debt, which it would half accom- I think plish. Bull may have no further ne e d of yolluorwinsstyrutql4l47an'Afdatalasm, you I have totally failed in your agreement wifli"ine, and as you cannot rule your own family at avitbra,li shall not pay your salary any longer for instructing' 1 40 e: _ ' \ R DIST4NT R. Frome, May 16, 1841. :Finsbury, " Tories" ia i i i d sis divid e d At the m o n f _ltil;sis rbatev°:;:olhrfg:Avahl;;h6fnotOettne, 1 ' et the . Mr. Richard Taylor objected to the Use by mear s in one of the resolutions. 'bed. These terms have words now into two great classes— 0 7 Richard Taylor has hit the nail 0 0 , es ly the classes who, Tories and Conservatives be prow" , s ame the, people, and the enemies of monopoly, wish ..o h no meaning. There are now to allow free scop e of monoputy, who :wis ons c ervative or T in. dust ry. Ihe term To ry is obsolete. le have how t h e p e op now t o con bat says The monster w ~ I have you in in • to the working-msn y power—if I fruits ofyour industry choose to purchase to _ terms ; but whether or not, you must take my corn on my own from me at the pr i ce it, I choose to ask for t, or starve." Th e Monopolist has superseded the Conservative. Origin is now of „ cent ury co nsegnen. Deserters f rom t h e W hig camp, as well banded together as old Tories, are to oppress the people bi , mono pol i es; and many who were Tori es h ave , on the other hi'e r l, joined the people. Let " Down with the monopolists!" be, then, everywhere the watchword of the people.— Chronicle. THE WILTSHIRE FLOODS SUBSCRIPTION.-- The Committee appointed to superintend this subscrip tion have published their report of the receipts and expenditure. The total amount subscribed was 4,1451. 13s. 2d. ; and the grants to cottagers, tradesmen, and small farmers—all of whom have been fully indem nified—amount, with expenses, to 3,0701. 15s. 7d. It must be borne in.. mind, however, that this is very far from the aetualnmount of damage sustained ; the indi vidual munificence of Lord ..kshburnharn and others having made good much of the damage, and many per sons being extensive sufferers whose position in life ren dered them ineligible to participate in the subscription. The surplus in hand —namely, 1,0741. 17s. 7d., is to be appropriated to the erection of substantial Cottages, in Shrewton and each of the favaged viliages, under the di rection of trustees, who are to apply the rents thereof to the purchase of coals and blankets, to be annually dis tributed to the poor .on the anniversay of the dreadful flood. THE RECENT ROYAL ELOPEMENT.—BRUS.. SELS, m a y 15.—The Pole who carried off the Infanta arrived h er e yesterday, accompanied by an officer of gendarmes, and was conductea to the office of the Chief of Police.—We learn t h a t Count Gerofski, and P r i ncess I sa b e lla , ,bave declared avat t h e y were ' married by a priest bef ore dmr.left '' i ris. —PrW , . 0 6 paper. •