The Sun. — London, England, 1841-11-08 00:00:00

EVENING SUN Just ready, in 3 vols. post % yo., E it It E It S. F A ROMANCE of the REIGN of GEORGE 11. By CHARLES OLLIES. " ThorEzh this be madness, yet there's method in it."--- SUAKSPEARE. Richard Bentley, Ncw Burlington-street. ZikW NOVEL EDITED BY THBODORE HOOK, ESQ. Now ready at all the Libraries, in 3 vols. post tivo., H E PARISH CLERK. By the Author of " Peter Priggins," EDITED BY THEODORE HOOK, ESQ. " These singularly clever and spirited volumes will be read with unfailing interest and extitement. They more than sup port the reputation of their still anonymous author—unle s s, in deed, they have been concoeted, as well as their no less racy and original predecessor, ' Peter Priggins' (Beaumont and Fletcher fashion) between the two writers whose name and want of name they bear."—Naval and Military Gazette. Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street. THEATRE ROYAL, COVENT GARDEN. UNDER the MANAGEMENT of MADAME YESTRIS. THIS EVENING, NOV. 8, Will be perfdruied the New Comedy, LONDON ASSUR ANCE.--Sir Harcourt Courtly, Mr. W. Farren ; Max Hark away, Mr. Bartley ; Mr. Charles Courtly, Mr. Walter Lacy ; Mr. Dazzle, Mr. C. Mathews ; Mr. Adolphus Spanker, Mr. Oxberry ' - Mark Meddle, Mr. Harley ; Grace Harkaway, Madame Vestris ; Lady Gay Spanker, Mrs. Nisbett ; Mrs. Pert, Mrs. Humbv. To which will be added, POPPING THE QUESTION. Mr. Primrose. Mr. W. Farren ; Miss Biffin, Mrs. Glover; Ellen Murray, Miss Lee; Bobbin, Mrs. Orger. To conclude with, the Ballet of Action, entitled HANS OF ICELAND.—Hans of Iceland, Mr. W. H. Payne ; Gill, Mr. J. H. Ridgway ; Frederick, Mr. Gilbert ; Oglypiglap, Mr. T. Ridgway ; Iceland Boy, Master Marshall ; Guth Stasen, Miss Ballin ; Iceland Girl, Miss Marshall. Doors to be opened at. half-past Six—the performances to commence at Seven. I)res Boxes, 7s. ; Second Price, 31. 6d.; First and Second Circ . es, ss. ; Second Price, 2.5. 6d. ; Pit, 35.; SecoO Price. 24.; Gallery ; Is. Tickets and places for the Boxes to be taken of Mr. Grogan at the Box-office, from Ten till Four, where Season Tickets may be had upon application. Private Boxes to be had so'ely of Mr. Andrews, bookseller, 167. New Bond-street. To-morrow, Norma, with The Wrong Man. ROYAL SURREY THEA.TRE._ UNDER THEMANAGEMENT OF MR. DAVIDGE AND MR. WILLIS )ONES.__ esitively the iastiVeek of Ducrow's Stud of horses and the Equestrian Company. THIS EVENING, 110 V. 8, Will: be acted EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE, em bracing all Air. Duerow's magnificent Stud of Forty Horses, highily-trained Palfreys, Fairy Poneyt, Equestrian Troop, and Companies of both Theatres. After which, GRAND SCENES IN THE CIRCLE, in the Largest Arena in the World, in which Madame Ducrow, Sig nor Hillier, the Great American Rider, the British Horseman, Signor Felix Carlo, and the First Artistes in Europe will appear. To conclude with TBIOUR tHE TARTAR, with Grand Processions, Battles, &c., Horse and Foot. ROYAL VICTORIA THEATRE. .. .... 'JNDER THE DIRECTION OF MR. OSBALDISTON. Continued Succession of Novelties, and second week of Two original Domestic Dramas of great and powerful interest. THIS EVENING, NOV. 0, Will be performed a New Domestic Drama, called THE WRECK OF THE HEART ; OR, THE STORY OF AGNES PRIMROSE.—Wm. Norwynne, Mr. Dale • Henry, Mr. Seaman ; Old Primrose, Mr. Cullen • Ralph, dr. Gard. ner ; Agnes, Miss Vincent, the acknowledged Heroine of Do. mestic Drama. After which, a New Domestic Drama, entitled KATTY O'SHIEL, the FOLLOWER of the FAMILY. O'Dwyer, Mr. Dale ; Augustus, Mr. Seaman ; Guyton Gray, Mr. James ; and Katty O'Shiel, Miss Vincent. To conclude with ROBERT MACAIRE.—Robert Macaire, Mr. E. F. Saville; Jacques Strop, Mr. Gardner; Pierre, Mr. Roward ; Frederick, Mr. Seaman ; Marie, Mrs. Lee. Boxes, 25.—Pit, ls.—nailer;, 6d. Half-price to the Boxes Duty, at Half-past Eight. To. morrow, Wreck of the Heart, Nature and Art, and Jo nathan Bradford. THE RAILWAY SUN. NOTICE.—A New Edition of the RAILWAY SUN is NOW PUBLISHING. THE CHINA SUN, AND THE PARLIAMENTARY SUN, ARE STILL ON SALE, PRICE SIXPENCE EACH. Sun Office, Nov. 8, 1841. THE WEATHER.—NooN, NOVEMBER 8. ROYAL GALLERY OF SCIENCE, ADELAIDE-STREET. Thermometer.. 51 Highest 57) Lowest ...... 33 Barometer 30.45.—Wind S.W.—Freezing Point 22 Deg. ARM WATER AT LONDON LIKIDGE TO.MORIIO W M minutes• after 10 Evening minutes after 10. The Publication of the Evening Edition of THE Sox com menced at 10 minutes after Three. l o r , \ -c• C. ~ tir s *4 $ l 4 . ;":, IC-'',,JC:'-:).-4..' ~.- • , - S i „ . • Iril t .t*''WO .. . 4 . 2,;:i T., ' i . ‘. -,.. t. ET .....'-'ib :,,1 ).1 ,, : . p .. ,,r . :, ‘ 4 ; --- it.:‘ , . 'Ntigi.- i...., (6tt oti ult. LONDON MONDAY, NOVEMBER 8, 1841. We have undertaken to prove that the inven tion and use of machinery raises wages, and as ,such a ;doctrine is somewhat contrary to the popular belief, particularly in that class—the la bourers—whose interests we desire to promote, we hope that they will read our remarks with patience to the end. Fortunately, however, we have one practical test of our doctrines close at hand that may serve, if not to convince the sceptical, to prepare the way for its favourable reception. In Ireland comparatively little ma chinery has Nen used or erected, and in Ireland wages are, as the rule, much lower than in Eng land, which abounds with machinery. Looking at the question under the general aspect, instead of merely looking at the temporary and local effects of the use of machinery in displacing some few labourers, we are at once reconciled to the belief that it is possible for that which adds to the sum of employment, also to raise the wages of the labourer. Another practical view of the question may be taken from a comparison of wages in former times, when there was little machinery, with wages at present. In the fourteenth century, namely, in 1330, when a statute was passed for the unjust purpose of preventing the price of labour from rising after the great pestilence," the wages of day-labourers were about equal to three-fourths of a peck of wheat. In the fifteenth century, .when another statute was passed to re gulate labourers —the object of all such statutes being, as Mr. MALTHUS remarks, the unjust one of preventing the price or labour from rising— the wages of a commo n d ay -labourer were about 6 41d. without diet; and, according t o th e t h en price of wheat, his wages would enable him to purchase half a bushel of' wheat, within one far thing. This was, however, an extraordinary - state, which did not last. In the sixteenth cen tury the price of day-labour was Bd., which at the then price of wheat, 01d. a peck, would pur chase very nearly a peck of corn. In 1601 wages are mentioned as lOd., w hi c h , according to the price of wheat, would buy two thirds only of a peck of corn. in 1651, after the effects of the importation of silver from America in lowering its value is supposed to have ceased, the wages of day-labour were . Is. 2d., which, at the average price of wheat, Bs. per bushel, would enable the labourer to command only seven-twelfths of a peck. In 1661 the wages were equivalent to three-fourths of a peck. In 1682 we have also a record of wages commanding three-fourths of a peck. In the early part of the eighteenth century the wages of husbandry labourers were not more than ls. per day, and equivalent to about three -fourths or four-fifths of a peck of wheat. _ - ' Between 17:20 and 1755, wages were compara tively good, and a day's labour commanded about a peck of wheat. Subsequently to that period, and to the close of the century, during which the prices of both labour and wheat were nearly doubled, though the proportions between . them continued nearly the s am e , th e price of husbandry labour, for many years, commanded about five -sixths of a peck of w heat. At present, as suming the wages of husbandry labourers to be 90. per day, as stated by the Pro-Corn-law men, and wheat to be G6s., they will command a peck of wheat a day. But we apprehend that I s. is nearer the average, so that, without being far wrong, we may state that the wages of husbandry labourers now command, and have for some time commanded, about two-thirds of a peck of wheat per day. These facts, which are a summary of the statements made by Mr. MALTHUS in his " Principles of Political Economy," chapter "On Wages," show a remar kableuniformity in the real wages of husbandry labour, and go far to justify Mr. RICARDO ' S definition of the natural (custo mary) price of labour, "that which is necessary to enable the labourers (in husbandry), one with another, to subsist and to perpetuate their race." But while the wages of the husbandry labourers, measured in corn, have undergone no consider able and permanent change for many years, and have always been at nearly the lowest point which would support existence, the successive invention and improvements of machinery have supplied the agricultural labourer with clothing, utensils, and instruments at a continually declin ing price ; so that, supposing his labour always to have commanded the same quantity of corn, the little he could spare to exchange for other things, as they were made cheaper by machinery, came , to command a continually increasing quantity of them ; and so far the use of machinery contri buted to improve the condition of the agricul tural labourer. It has made his wages more va luable. But to show how the use of machinery has increased wages on the whole, we must com pare the wages of those who have successively in vented and used machinery with the wages of hus bandry labourers . . The further back we carry our view, the fewerlabourers we find engaged in other pursuits than husbandry, and, accordingly, if we now find other artizans are better paid than labourers in husbandry; a presumptive proof arises that the use of machinery has tended to improve the condition of the labourers, and raise their wages. Now it is plain that every new art, as it came into existence, could not find hands ready made to practise it. Men had to learn it, and they were tempted to learn it by wages higher than they could get in husbandry labour. This is true generally, and the consequence has been that every new art which, as we have proved, increased the sum of employment, gave higher wages to those who were engaged in it. The in vention and_ use of machinery is synonymous with the successive rise of such arts, each one of which, by practically raising wages, necessarily tended to raise the standard of wages, and give to the lahourinc classes a higher idea of comfort. That there has been such a gradual elevation, since the time when the labourers were dressed in skins, and fed on acorns, when they watched the swine of their lords with iron rings on their limbs, cannot be doubted ; nor can it be doubted that this improvement originated in towns, and is most conspicuous amongst labourers who work in the newest arts. We can see, we think, a succession of inventions—such, for example, as the print. ing-press, the spinning-jenny, the steam-engine— each of which called into existence a superior body of labourers, gave them much higher wages than the labourers in agriculture, and raised the standard of reward with each in vention. At present the average wages of printers are at least, distressed as they are, three times as much as the wages of agricultural labourers, or, they could command two pecks of wheat a day. Mr. M'CULLOCH mentions, in his sta tistical work, that colliers can earn ss. a day, and that, whether employed or not, they can call on their masters to pay them 14s. per week. Persons employed in the woollen trade, he says, receive on an average, which includes all species of labourers, women and children, 26/. a year, or ls. Bd. per day. Even the females, who are much indebted to machinery, are much better off than agricultural labourers. The wages of the males engaged in this work are set down at from 19s. to 225. Gd. per week. In the cotton manufacture the average waves of all classes, according to the same author, are 10s. Gd.; so that the children in the factories must get nearly as much as the male peasantry; while the wages of engineers, firemen, mecha nics, &c., is 20s. 6d., on the average, including boys, or double the wages of agricultural la bourers. " The wages of adults," says Mr. M'CULLOCH, " engaged in factories, are in gene ral high, many of them earning from 3s. to Os. 6d. a-day, and some more. Employment in fac tories is also remarkably steady, not depending, like work carried on out of doors, on the state of the weather or other uncertain contingencies, but is prosecuted almost without intermission. Hence the superior condition of the factory work-people." In flax mills at Leeds and Dundee, the wages of males are set down at 18s. and 195., and at 15s. Of the workmen in Birmingham, Mr. M'Cum.ocn wrote before the effects of the Corn-law became so apparent, "their con dition is on the whole very favourable. In those branches in which superior skill and attention are required, their wages are very little, if at all, inferior to those earned by the best workmen of the metropolis." Wages in Sheffield, he tells us, vary from 15s. to 355. and 40s. per week. We might quote a variety of other trades, particularly those of the millwright, or engineer, which are notoriously much better paid than those of hus bandry labourers, to prove that the wages of men, who either make the machinery in use or work it, are uniformly higher than the wages of agri cultural labourers ; but these must suffice, and we shall only say that in all these new arts the wages were higher at the commencement of the art than subsequently, showing both the effect of the invention in raising wages, and the general tendency, but for these successive inven tions, of wages to fall to the lowest level at which subsistence can be preserved, But it is of little use to quote particular fact: on this question, because it is plain that the growth and increase of towns, and the great quantity of employment found in them, is mainly due to the new arts connected with machinery. I Now into the towns and the manufacturing dis tricts, the population of the rural districts is con tinually pouring, because wages in almost all situations are higher in the manufacturing dis tricts, where machinery is much used, than in the rural districts. That is a decisive proof that the successive inventions of machinery, and the con sequent successive introduction of new arts, raise wages as they increase the source of employment. Suppose there were no such inventions as the printing press, and the steam-engine, and no such arts as the printer and the engine -maker, and that all the population had to look exclu sively to the land for subsistence and employ ment : if under such circumstances it were possible that the present amount of our popu lation could exist, the competition amongst them for employment on the land would reduce all the well paid and well employed artisans of the towns to a worse condition than that of the lumper fed Irish. It must be known to all who have looked at the writings of the political economists, that they regard the naturally increasing difficulty of pro curing subsistence, as population increases, as a permanent cause for a continual declension Of I Ntvioagneosi. inankid. anda7ntinAuaelcodrdeting to their statements,eriorationinthecondi this condition would go on from bad to worse; dearth would come after extreme poverty, great misery would ensue, quarrels would follow, and mankind would devour each other; but ever and anon the brain of man teems with some mighty invention, and the downward progress is arrested ywhich facilitates procuring ence. bsist... a b n y d so l m es e se n n e s w ti m ie a d c i l fa iin c e a r l y t siasyesqiunaltlhyeafpupllloicawibulge ence. sf oßipernolintso, t p o ass wage age ; :--. The natural tendency of profits, then, is to f l l;for, in the progress of society and wealth, the' additional a ‘ quan tity of food required is obtained by the sacrifice of and more labour.. This .tendency—this gravitation, a s it were, of profits is happily checked at repeated interw 1 8 by improvements .in machinery connected with the p;os duction of necessaries, as well as by discoveries in the science of agriculture, which enable us to relinqui s h a portion of labour b efore required; and, therefore, to lower the price of the prime necessary of the labourer. On the one hand, then, wages, as population in creases, and as the difficulty of procuring the necessaries of life increase, have a tendency to fall; and on the other, successive inventions and improvements in machinery, lessening that diffi culty—for it is as much lessened by the inven tion of a spinning mule and a power-loom, which enables us to purchase at a small cost of our labour the rich productions of the virgin and un taxed and untithed soil of the United States, as " by discoveries in the science of agriculture ;" THE SUN, LONDON. MONDAY, NOVEMI3ER 8, 841. on the other hand, we say, successive inventions and improvements in machinery lessen the diffi culty Or procuring the means of subsistence, and, as they come into use, augment the wages of the labourerand raise the standard of his reward. Such are the results of invention and the use of ma chinery, when traced through long periods; and to such results chiefly, not to its temporary and local results, must the lawgiver look who aspires to make permanent laws. In another part of The Sun will be found a letter from Mr. ALLEN, Messrs. GRISSELL and PETO'S foreman, which we insert in a spirit of fairness. In placing Mr. ALLEN'S defence be fore the public, we leave it to judge of the points in dispute. We cannot pretend to decide which of the parties states the case most correctly, but if Mr. ALLEN'S statement be true the masons have little to complain of. At the same time we admit their right to withdraw from Messrs. GRISSELL and PETO'S service, if they like, with out any other cause than their own good pleasure. If it had pleased them to say, We will not serve Messrs. GRISSELL and PETO, and we will give no reason for not serving them, their conduct might have been foolish, but to compel them to serve would have been to reduce them to slavery. Mr. ALLEN states that he is indebted to his withdrawal from the union for all the attempts which have been made to ruin him with his em ployers. That is an accusation, too, of the truth of which we cannot judge; but we desire to say that union is not a bad nor an improper thing. All society is a union for a common purpose, and a union of the masons for a laudable purpose— such, for example, as providing for their infirm and sick members, or protecting individuals amongst them from oppression—would be most praiseworthy. It is not the union, therefore, which is to be condemned, but the purpose to which it is applied. At the same time it is not to be concealed that a union of any large body of men is apt to inspire them with arrogance, and excite in othersjust apprehension. For such a union to be respected, it is indispen sable that its conduct be moderate as well as just. We are not acquainted with the fact stated by Mr. ALLEN; but if, as he states, the union con stitutes a system which levels the good man with the idle and the bad, such a purpose is improper, and neither Mr. ALLEN, nor any other mason, ought to support such a union. If the union of the masons have, in fact, that for its object, we cannot conceive anything more fatal to honest industry, and the sooner the masons abandon such a project the better. We advocate free trade in all cases, and should wish to see its prin ciples acted on by the masons as well as the landlords. The municipal elections throughout the United Kingdom will show the Tories that the reaction of which they have so long boasted is all on the wrong side. With the exception of the imma culate town of Liverpool, almost every borough of any note has elected a majority of Liberal Councillors. Manchester, Birmingham, Leeds, Stockport, Derby, Hull, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Gateshead, Glasgow, Edinburgh, Dublin, Cork, and a great number of other populous places, have testified that they have no faith in the PEEL Cabinet, that they are not fairly represented, and that, whatever the Cabinet and the Parlia ment may do, they are resolved to manage their own affairs on liberal and rational principles. The vast population of many of these towns is calculated to make an impression even on the Duke of BUCKINGHAM. Three of them together comtain nearly a million of souls, and most of the= can boast of the intelligence, in dustry, and. public spirit of their inhabitants. The opinions of such men are not to be despised with impunity. The French political writers are the queerest people in the world. There is no pleasing them. If the Government happen to forget that there is such a thing as law or a constitution in France —a rather common occurrence by the way —an outcry is raised by the Opposition Press; the revolution of July and the shades of the martyrs of the glorious days are invoked to - witness the transgression, and an ap peal is at once made to the patriotism of the people. On, the other hand if the Government is the first to .set an example of obedience to the law, as in the ease of allowing 2,000 men to return to their ho mes, whose legal period of naval ser vice has e.Kpired, nothing is heard but shouts and yells of fury on the part of the Opposi tion Press.. These Journals do not conde scend to enamine the claims of the seamen to their disch exge ; and the fact of their being re placed by young conscripts, only provokes a contemptuous sneer. They have not sense enough to perceive that by this system France, i n time of peace, makes the best prorvision for war, by increasing instead of liminishing the number of her seamen. Should a war break out in Europe, the men who are discharged now would be among the first to respond t 3. the call of their country, upon the destruction of those who are to replace them. Butt this plain truth is too obvious for the far-seeing sages who assume the guidance of pub lic opinion, in France. Were it otherwise, we should nest meet with such a ridiculous rhapsody :as the following in the National—a fair specinaen, by the way, of the outrageous balderdash, upon this subject, which fills the columns 130 the Republican press of France : " The dis armament is ordained; it has commenced. That fine floe t, our only glory besides Africa for the last ten years, rand which for three years made England tremble, is dissolved, mutilated. And who protests against it? A few isolated voices; and scarcely do they excite in the inert mass a feeble echo which will soon be silent. There is no longer any response in that France once so susceptible, amongst that people who., although they may have submitted to ty ranny under a. veil of glory, never before submitted to dishonour. How weak, how enervated, how cowardly resigned use are become ! Tho Ministry is without doubt culpable, but are we not the first the greatest cri minals ? What would the great men who lead us be if we were not so little ? How profoundly astonished Europe, which has felt the foot of our ancestors on its neck, Inust be at the apparent final quietude into which we. are sunk ! We have been frequently told, that in 1814, the armies of foreign powers entered with a sort of timidity on our soil. Ac customed to see us in their own lands, they could hardly petrsuade themselves of the change of charac ters which had taken place. At every moment they expected to see this nation, so frequently victorious, rise, and with a single effort crush them. Even in the intoxication of triumph they seemed to be under the of-' feet of a feeling of repentance for some great act of rash ness. In 1815 on the contrary, they entered boldly ; they then trod upon a conquered land, and their isso knee kntrw no bounds, and just such has bean their conduct ler the last year. When the treaty of July 15 was signeil all Europe was affected, and there was every where a silence full of respect. As in 1814 even they who were in le ague against us, and who were invading our in fluence, p reparatory to an opportunity for invading our ter ritory, w ere not free from a feeling of great anxiety. They have gore too far, said reflecting men ; they have too deeply .offended a country so susceptible on points of honour. Indeed, there was a moment when France ap peared - to warrant this feeling, but it was only a moment. The Government disappointed the nation, and the. nation was false to itself. Europe then saw that wca were conscious of our weakness and defext, and became bold. This was a second 1815. Fear dis - appearcit from the minds of the other Governments of Europe ;in proportion as it increased here, and when fear hail ceased with them so did respect. Then canme concessisons on the part of France. The miserable, cowardly note of the Bth October, which will be clot: eternal opprobrium of the Minister who signed it, was. the signal of the debacle. All that was no iv thought of was to return at any price into the family compact of Europe, and the scandalous participation of France, in all the shame which had fur a year been ac cumulating upon her head, was at length crowned by the despicable convention of the 12th July, to which even 144113 XV. would not have affixed his signature." The Nctional proceeds in a similar strain of excite meat,we in honour could o p u do l and then adds Have we now done all that forw,as expected from us. We may suppose we have, cl renown ? We hate up ? Our old influencer-eor e d le r r o b ly e \ that ered r i e i ia g tv. u w e i l'eroeednuhjeauvnaecrleVrandhoyitat: givenohlyau have not 200,000 men that we could draw out in line o battle. Our fleet ? It is d" islocated,dispersed, destroyed. It is now only a vain show, or half-effaced reminiscence." The most important political news in the French. Journals are the decrees of ESPARTERO for abolishing the fueros of the Basques, and suppr.ssing the politi ca l J untas formed to coun teract the late revolutionary atte:i: ht. These do . euments will - . A Paris correspondent wrote,on the Ist instant to the Gazette de Flandres et Artois—" Louis Philippe was yes. terday made acquainted with the conspiracy at Brussels. He immediately sent fur M. le Hon, who, although Leo pold's Ambassador at Paris, knew not a word of the news. Louis Philippe was much moved by the circum stances of the abortive plot. As soon as M. le Hon had retired, the French Ministers who had been summoned, arrived. A Council was held, and took into considera tion the measures to be taken in case the conspiracy conceived to be extinguished should break out again. Marshal Soult is said to have offered an opinion that several regiments should be sent in all haste' to the fron tier, in order to awe the conspirators ; but M. Guizot, on the contrary, thought that there was no urgency. It is said that Louis Philippe participated in this advice, and that he wrote to Leopold with the resultef the Council, recommending him to act with rigour against the Revo lutionists, and promising that in case of emergency he would march troops upon Brussels." Extract of a letter from Alexandria in the Quotidienne, 22 i ult. :—" We have received from Cairo the account of Ministerial changes we have long been expecting. The duties of Minister of Public Instruction hare been united to the office of Minister War. All the Europeans attached to this Ministry have been dismissed. Seven eighths of them were French—one of whom was a person of some distinction, driven by the revolution of July to seek employment rom Mehemet Ali, who engaged him to write his life from particulars with which his High ness furnished him. The dissolution of the Ministry has deprived this person of his rank, and a large portion of his salary. We learn, however, that he remains attached to the palace as Secretary of Artin Bey s and charged with drawing up the diplomatic notes, as he has already done for a long time. Many physicians and pharmacians have also been discharged. All the Euro peans employed at Alexandria are expecting.their dis missals. A great many of the schools are suppressed." " The Minister of Commerce," says the Moniteur Pa risien, " in execution of the law passed in the last session respecting child labour, has nominated upwards of 1,500 inspectors of manufactories. Although these appoint ments are purely gratuitous, they have been eagerly so licited. The choice of the Minister seems, to have fallen almost exclusively upon medical men and retired mer chants enjoying general confidence. They have been se lected from lists transmitted by the Prefects of the De partments." The Toulouse Journals state that two batteries of artil lery left that town on Tuesday, one for Bayonne and the other for Perpignan, where it was to be met ,by a bat tery which had been detached to Beziers, but had re ceived orders to remove thither. The Courrier Francais mentions a report of some sanguinary scenes having been witnessed at Barcelona on occasion of the demolition of the citadel, and of the Bi shop of the diocese having been arrested. Accounts from Trebisond, says a letter from Constan tinople of the 13th ult. in the Constitutionnel, announce that the sth corps of the Russian army, commanded by General Lieders, had been beaten in the Caucasus by the Circassians, and compelled to retreat behind the line of Laba, which is guarded by the division of the army under General Grabbe. The details of the affitir were not known, but they were daily expected to arrive at Constantinople. The same letter states that Hafiz Pacha, Reschid Pacha, and Fety:Achmet Pacha, have formed an association for a glass manufactory at Constantinople, the first thing of the kind in Turkey. The managers of this affair have engaged in their service a French che mist, and a Pole, who, 43 years ago, embraced Islamism, and has been aide-de-camp of HafizPacha. " Two evenings ago," says the Gazette des Tribunaux, " several seditious placards were found posted up in va rious parts of the Faubourg St. Germain, and also on the trees of the Palais Royal. They were taken down by police agents, and remitted to the Prefect." The annual distribution of prizes in the Ecole Pratique of the Faculty of Medicine was held yester day, Dr. Orfila taking the Chair. The first prize, a gold medal, was awarded to M. I. F. Jarjavay, of Sa vignac, in the Dordogne. The Monthyon prizes for this year, were two, each a gold medal, won by M. Boudet, of Paris, and M. Landouzy, of Epernay, Professor of the Medical School at Rheims. The Corvisart prize was divided between M. d'Astros, of Aix, and M. Lemaire, of Bourges. The prize for Midwifery was granted to Mlle. Frago, of Paris. A letter from Bremen says :—" Our. Steam-boat Com pany is about to establish a regular communication between Bremen and North America, which will pro mote the interests of our commerce and that of all Ger many. An agent of the Company is gone to Boston, to ascertain the advantages ofThred by different American ports. It is said to be projected that th 3 Bremen stea mers should touch at the Isle of Wight, or some other English port, on their way. Their station in America may be either Boston or New York. The fund for building the steam-boats was collected twelve months ago. The papers of Vienne, near Lyons, are filled with ac counts of the damage done by the flooding of the Gere. The numbers of manufactories, houses, and bridges, either carried away, or damaged, is very great. Six missionaries, three priests, and three brethren of the Mariste Congregation, whose chief establishment is at Lyons, arrived a few days ago at Paris, and, after remaining a short time at the seminary of the Missions Etrangeres, proceeded to England, whence they will sail to join M. Pompallier, bishop of Maronea, and vicar apostolic of Western Polynesia. Fourteen missionaries sailed from Portsmouth fur the same destination in last December. Letters from them, dated at Sydney in May, announced their arrival there in good health, and their being hospitably received by the Irish Catholics of the colony. They found letters from M. Pornpallier, who was impatiently waiting for them in the Bay of Islands. They were to embark for their destination at the end of Mag. The Journal du _Havre states that the French Go vernment has given orders to abandon Noss Bay, a set tlement lately mad. on an island north-east of Madagascar. The Vienna journals state that the Russian Ambas sador, M. Bailli de Tatischeff; having received his letters of recal, has] had an audience of the Emperor of Austria, and received the accustomed present of a splendid snuff-box. The Municipality of Colmar has decided on raising a monument in memory of General Rapp, who was born in the porter's lodge of the Hotel de Ville in that town, where his father was concierge. An order has just been issued by the Sardinian Go vernment for the reduction of the export duty upon cattle, the motives which, in the early part of the year, induced the Government to throw obstacles in the way of such exportation having, says the order, ceased. By the new tariff the following export duties are fixed : Bulls, oxen, and cows, 19f. 20c. each ; young oxen,. bulls, and heifers, 12f. 10c. ; calves, Bf. 7c. ; sheep and lambs, lf. 35c.; fatted pigs, 4f. 80c.; sucking pigs, 21. 40c. This order appears to be limited to the island of Sardinia. A letter from the Spanish Consul at Bayonne to the Prefect of the Besse Pyrenees, published by the Memo ric lof Pau, confirms the statement that Espartero has granted an amnesty to all the non-commissioned officers, Frivates, and peasants who acted against his Govern- ment in the late movement, and have taken refuge in Frvnce.' About 1,500 persons are affected by this-mea sure; but, as the Consul states, they are required to aply for leave to profit by it. The same Journal states thf t the Spanish refugee officers quartered there have be( n ordered to Orleans and Tours. The Sentinelle of Bayntne states that the title of Mar quis of Guevara is to be given to General Zurbano. Accounts from Constantinople of the 17th say that the health of the Sultan appears to improve. The French .A.iiibassador, M. Pontois, had paid his visits to take leave, and was expected to depart at the beginning of November.—Gazette de France. The Moniteur of the 6th has no official part. The affair of Madame Lafarge will come before the Court of Cessation on the 11th of this month. A letter from Bordeaux states, contrary to what we have learnt from Spain, that the Infante Don Francisco de Paula has arrived at Madrid. The papers of the Spanish capital of the 29th, make no mention of the cir cutnstance.—Constitutionnet A letter from Constantinople of the 17th October, says—" An immense crowd blocked up the yard of the pai ace of the British Ambassador, to witness his depar tor 2. All the inhabitants of the village of Therapia, wl o had been constantly protected by him, and relieved wl en in want, flocked to the spot in order that they mi. ;ht kiss his hands, or even his clothes. This unani mc us and spontaneous manifestation of gratitude, so deeply affected the old Lord, who, at the age of eighty, ha.; been forced to quit a place in which he had resided for nine years, and which has become to him a second country, that he burst into tears."—Quetidienne, BOURSE—PARIS, SATURDAY, NOV. 6. first Highest Lowest I.ast Price Price. Price. Price. french b pe: Cents ll6 ... 116 le ... 116 ... 116 le 4 pe- Cents lOO 60 ... 1( 0 80 ... 1 0 60 ... 110 80 l per Ceuts....., BO 40 ..... SO 40 ... 80 35 ... 80 35 F4-ic of trance . :337 be ...3310 ...2337 50 ...3340 Lalittu Bank. 1,00111. Shares 1142 50 ..•114n5 ...1142,n 50 ...1045 h 0 5,00 if. Shares 5093 ..."' ..."-- *-- - Hei pan Bank , 13t1 755 ... 755 ... 755 ... 755 Re!gian 5 per Cents. 5 ver Cents., 1840 10234 ... 1 02 3#' ... 10234 ... 102% 3 per Cents 72 ~. 72 ... 72 ... 72 Spanish Active t o ~. ti 2 ... 22 ... ...2 Passive 5 ... 5 ... 5 ... 5 Neapolitan ltoinar, ex. div j o , n ... 101% ... 101 % ... 101 A RAILWAY bHA REb . St. Germain 745 ... 745 ... '737 50 ... 737 50 Veramit ta . i.. t; 2 uo ... 200 ... 200 .. 200 R. IS 3ll 25 ... 31 1 25 ... 31 1 25 ... 311 25 Rouen 445 25 ... 446 25 ... 440 25 ... 446 25 Oriesuii . Strasburgtoßalr.s.hares ted 221 25 .. 232 50 ... 231 25 ... 232 50 THE PROTESTANT AssocavoN.—ln former times, when this body was in the vigour of youth, we were in the habit of exposing its absurdities. At present, when it is falling into the grave, we should disda in to g ive the wretched, tottering, decaying thing, a sing le blow. It finds numerous assailants, however, amongst the Tories; ;ma even the Standard, like the ass, can now kick the d ping liDn. They flattered and used the Association for a political purpose ; but now it suits them to hunt their old ally and friend to death. We leave it with pleasure to their vengeance. Generous men are satis fied with defeating their enemies—to butcher decaying ' friends, is a sort of ruffianism which can only be prac tised by the Times and the Standard. THE RoMISH STATE CL , IZGY. Church of —A brother of the re nowned Colonel Sibth or p h a s left the ministry of the England, an d reco nciled himself to the Bishop of Rome. Acc or di ng to t h e Standard he is only one of several clergym en w h o m i g ht be expected to leave the Church if their h onesty and their convictions went together. They repudiate the doctrines of Protestant ism, but hold fast to its good livings. They adopt the faith of Rome, and the wealth of England. What a cha racter does the Standard give the State priesthood ? Can it be supposed that those whom it thus denounces are ,safe guides for a Protestant people ? It is, however, for a nch double-tongued instructors that the Standard and it party calls on the nation to erect and endow more cb .urches. TV II; 1 1 4,,r . t o „ ti ri 6 i k L. , a AND ittatt k 4: ptnton. " Who runs may read." FOREIGN. Don Carlos has authorised an agent at Paris to nego ciate with MadaMe Munoz a marriage between his eldest son and the young Queen of Spain. How the negotia tion will proceed we neither know nor care, inasmuch as Madame Munoz has no more to do with the marriage of the young Queen than we have. By a decree dated the 27th ult., Espartero has sup pressed the political Juntas formed at the breaking out of the late insurrection. In this document the Regent says :—" The moment is come for the provincial autho rities to recover their authority, as granted by the Con stitution, and the laws I am determined to enforce without scruple or infraction; to which end as Regent of the kingdom in the name of Queen Isabella 11., I have ordered the immediate suppression of the Juntas, what ever be their denomination in the provinces. Consider this as heard." By another decree dated the 29th alt., Espartero has suppressed the fueros of the Basque provinces, replacing them by the municipal and provincial deputations com mon to the rest of Spain. Espartero has chosen an excellent time for carrying out this great measure. The Courrier Francais, the Constitutionnel, and the National, reprobate in the severest terms the disarmament of the French Navy. It would appear from their columns that the first duty of the French Government is to tax the people to the utmost to keep up a force for frighten ing Europe.. Popular writers in France have very odd notions about the functions of a constitutional adminis tration. During the last month there were brought into the market of Paris 14,645 ducks, 17,655 capons, 53,072 turkeys, 27,395 rabbits, 93,475 geese, 95,061 pigeons, and 171;489 fowls and chickens. A report prevailed in Paris on Saturday that the In fante Don Francisco de Paula had arrived in Madrid. The journals of the Spanish capital of the 30th ult, state ,hat the Infante was to remain at Valladolid till after ,ho return of the Regent from the provinces. The . Turkish Minister of Finance, Moussa Paella, was thrown out of his chariot while driving in Constanti nople, on the 16th ult., and had his legs and one of his arms fractured. On the same day the new British Mi nister, Mr. Bankhead, was presented to the Sultan, who received him very graciously. PUBLIC OPINION. The Morning Herald has a leading article on the sub ject of the state of affairs in Canada, the object of which is to impress on the Government the necessity of keep ing up a strong military force there, and settling the Boundary question without delay. " The acquittal of M‘Leod," says the Herald, " has allayed the irritation against this country of a considerable portion of the United States public ; but as by the release of that gen tleman the border incendiaries have lost a victim, and an opportunity of an outbreak on Canada, it has doubt less increased the fury of these frontier plotters. Another rebellion in Canada may not break out, and a border warfare may not occur; the avoidance of such eventualities will, however, arise from the absence of time and opportunities on the part of the rebels and pirates. What, then, is to be done under such prospects? The supreme duty of the British Govern ment is to have such a force in Canada as will set both internal and external outrage at defiance. It is not by words that the determination of Queen Victoria to pre serve Canada to the British Crown must be shown ; but by the exhibition of a physical power which the traitors and pirates will know they cannot successfully attack. The loyal British settlers of Canada must not be allowed to defend themselves ; they must be protected by their Sovereign's forces ; they must not be instructed in the art, and brought up to the demoralizing cruelties of bor der warfare ; they must be taught to cultivate their lands in peace under the safeguard of their country's power. It is to their Government alone they must look in the hour of danger." The Advertiser accounts as follows for the Rev. Mr. Sibthorp's recent conversion to Catholicism :—" The Rev. Gentleman, until within the last five or six years, was distinguished for his zealous attachment to Evan gelical principles, and for the earnestness and success with which he inculcated these principles on his large and respectable congregation—that of Ryde, in the Isle of Wight. About that time, however, he became infected with the Puseyism now so prevalent in the English Establishment, and forthwith introduced its popish intolerance into his church. For a time he per sisted, as others still do, in maintaining that Popery and Puseyism are essentially different; but being an honest and conscientious, though weak-minded and mistaken man, he has at length come forward, and candidly avowed that he regards Puseyism as nothing else than Popery under a different name—we use the term Popery not in an offensive sense, as regards creed, but as it is applied to express religious despotism—and entertaining this conviction, we admire the manliness and integrity of the Rev. Gentleman going over openly to the Roman Catholic religion."—ln the Rev. Mr. Sibthorp's conversion we see the natural results and tendencies of Puseyism. He diligently investigated its dogmas, and finding that they were neither more nor less than those of the Church of Rome under the flimsiest possible disguise, he boldly followed up his calm and dispassionate investigation by adopting Catholicism. We respect him for his manli ness and sincerity, and wish that the rest of the Puseyites would be as conscientious. But they are a race wise in their generation," and have no notion of becoming martyrs to their convictions. Though Catholics in their ideas ' they keep a fast hold of the Protestant loaves and fishes, and act on the discreet principle of running with the hounds and holding with the hare. The Tines endeavours to justify the dilatory, or rather the do-nothing policy of Sir Robert Peel, observing : " The events of the last fortnight, combined with the in telligence which has been received within the same space of time from foreign countries, justify in a remark able manner the wisdom of that determination to avoid hasty legislation for which Sir Robert Peel has been so unscrupulously assailed by the Whig-Radical party. Seldom, perhaps, has a similar concurrence of circum stances, affecting so materially the situation and pro spects of the Government at home and abroad, been con densed into so short a period. On the one hand, there have been extraordinary and unforeseen disasters, by which the immediate pressure of our financial embarrassments is greatly increased ; on the other, what seemed lately to be the darkest cloud in the political horizon has entirely . passed away, and symp toms appear of a speedy revival of our trade in quar ters where its stagnation had greatly contributed to-- wards the distress of our manufacturing population."— We have not yet seen any symptoms of a revival of trade, on the contrary, the horizon appears just as clouded as ever. But it suits the interests of the Tories to declare otherwise ; and accordingly, their unscrupulous organ, the Times, is ready with its party declaration. But whether trade be reviving or not, Sir Robert Peel is cer tainly not justified in allowing five months to elapse before he inquires into the circumstances of the case ; nor is it a sufficient excuse for his delay that Hon. Mem bers will be engaged till then in shooting game on the moors and preparing for the revelries of Christmas. The Chronicle says—" What are the intentions of the Government with respect to popular education in Ireland ? Have they made up their minds upon it, or is this one of the questions which they require time to consider? As yet no sign has been given except negative signs, but these are sufficiently ominous. Lord De Grey has not looked in upon the commis sioners of National Education since his arrival in Dublin, although he has found leisure to visit several institutions of minor interest and of infinitely in ferior importance. He has gone to the theatre, to the Dublin Museum, to the show' of flowers, to the show of wild beasts and creeping things, to other places which possess various objects of attraction for a scientific and inquiring mind ; but the admirable normal and training school in Marlborough-street, and the model farm at Glasnevin, solicit his curiosity in vain. His Excellency's selection of chaplains is regarded as a still more marked indication of aversion. In number they far exceed those of his predecessors; yet amongst them all there are not three individuals known to be favourable to the national system of education."—So far as it has yet been deve loped, Earl de Grey's policy is not likely to lessen the weight of Sir Robert Peel's difficulties in Ireland. It exhibits an evident leaning towards the one-sidedness of Orangeism, and so far, therefore, is at variance with the spirit of Lord Eliot's declaration to the East Cornwall electors. We quote the following from the Post : " The repeal fanatics assert broadly that as far as the Corn-law tends to attract labour to land, which returns less than could be obtained in exchange for the same labour otherwise employed, it is mischievow.' We shall not stop now to laugh at the ridiculous affectation of this phraseology. It is the vice which runs through all the dicta of modern chatterers on subjects of political economy. But let us look at the proposition which is affirmed. We hold it to be sheer nonsense in a practical point of view, because, in point of fact, there cannot be in this country any such thing as the labour of husbandmen otherwise em ployed' than in husbandry. In young countries, where the population is scanty in proportion to the breadth of soil, and where people are brought up t o l a b our i n vari ous ways, sometimes tilling the ground, sometimes build ing, sometimes making rude furniture with saw and hatchet, sometimes cobbling their shoes or mending their breeches, in such countries, and under such circum stances, it is all very w e ll to talk of the inexpediency of applying labour to one thing when it might produce more if applied to another. But let us look to this coun try as it is, and we shall find that if we take away any very considerable body of people from the branch of in dustry to which they have been brought up, the result is, that they produce nothing at all, or very little, com pared with what they did produce." The Bolton Free Press says ;—" We are:glad to per ceive that the attention of the Radical press begins to be seriously turned to the task of uniting Chartists and Corn-law Repealers, on a basis calculated at once to promote the attainment of complete free-trade in food, and the progress of political reform. Never was there a more absurd or fatal error, than that of viewing the Free Trade and Suffrage movements as opposed to each other." The Dundee Chronicle gives the following advice to the Chartists :—" We regret to see that a spirit of fac tious opposition exists among the Chartists of England, and which if persisted in will inevitably destroy them as a body. These are not times to encourage factious dis plays of power ; these are not times to begin breaking one another's heads, as was the case at Manchester lately ; for if we carry on that game the Tories will throw down a stake and break both our heads together ; besides, there is no policy in doing that which will only tend to weaken the force of the Chartist body, by alien ating from it their best and wisest men." The Somerset County Gazette makes the following re marks on the present state of the country :---" Recur rence to this painful theme is forced upon us by the con- tinued c , -( , lling of th^ “le of distress. I '''r rozr , -.• months tile 1 , 1:1. - Litiact•ki.ring td,riets I:tve „ re , o f awful misery—but the country generally seen:; to have viewed them with indifference, or rather with some doubt as to the truth of the pictures drawn by the re presentatives of the sufferers. Unhappily it is the in terest of the Monopolists, who command a majority in the present Parliament, to keep out of sight the misery they have occasioned, and are now banded together to maintain at all hazards." . . We quote the subjoined observations from the Edin burgh Weekly Chronicle :—" Political advancement in this country has ever followed in the steps of social ame lioration. The people have always contended with most energy and most effect for their abstract rights, when their circumstances were the most prosperous. In times of distress like the present, they become dispirited, disunited, and disregarded. Physical, suffering absords all their own concern, and all the sympathy of their neighbours." Speaking of Mr. O'Connell's election to the Dublin Mayoralty, the Evening .Post says—" For the first time in our annals, a political party in Ireland has used its victory with moderation and forbearance—has availed itself of its power to conciliate its opponents, and to extinguish sectarian dissensions, at a moment too, when our National Theatre has been converted into an arena for factious and insulting displays against the very people upon whose behalf Mr. O'Connell has held out the hand of good fellowship. It is thus the Reformers have proved their determination, in the exercise of that power from which they had been so long excluded, to avoid the evil system of intolerance and exasperation of which they themselves had been the victims." IEONEY-_-T2,ILDM-00742WERCE. A great national Anti-Corn-law Bazaar is to be held shortly at Manchester. A ladies' committee, on Thurs day last, held a meeting at the Town-hall, for the ap pointment of officers, &c. ; and other ladies' committees have been formed in Liverpool, Rochdale, and the ad joining great towns, to assist the object. The patrons and patronesses consist already of many of the leading nobility. The motive is to aid the funds of the Anti- Corn-law League, and to afford relief to the thousands who are suffering from want. The attractions are to be not those of an ordinary bazaar, but on a scale of mag nificence more like one of our great musical festivals, so as to make it worth a journey. Dress, merchandise, MSS., and autographs of eminent authors, British and Foreign manufactures, &c., &c., will form the valuable stores of the stalls, to be presided over entirely by ladies. The debtors' prisons in Newcastle, Durham, Lan caster, &c., are all crowded to excess, from the commer cial failures which have taken place within the last year. At Wigan, Saddleworth, and several other manufac turing towns, the mills are working short time ; some of them not more than three days a week. A meeting of manufacturers was held at Blackburn on Friday, to take into consideration the propriety of working their mills short time. At Halifax and Leeds business was con siderably better, owing chiefly to the favourable news from the United States. The distress in Paisley still continues, there being not fewer than 6,000 persons out of employment. COMIVIERCIAM REFORM. The Reform Association of the inhabitants of St. Ann's, Soho, have called a meeting for Thursday, the 11th instant, for the purpose of forming an Anti-Corn law Association. The inhabitants of Bayswater, and its vicinity, formed themselves into a local Anti-Corn-law Association on Friday last. NAVAL AND 7/17.1,172.11.R.Y. Major-General Sir W. M. Gomm, commanding in Ja maica (a Waterloo officer), is appointed to the command of the Northern district, in the room of Sir Charles Napier, ordered to India. MITER/MY AND SCIENTIPIC. George Frederick Beltz, Lancaster Herald, died at Basle, of typhus, on his return to Eng land. Mr. Beltz was the author of the "Review of the Chands Peerage Case," in 1834, and " Memorials of the Order of the Garter." SPOTZTING. The Earl of Eglinton left Eglinton Castle, Ayrshire, last week for Yorkshire, to hunt this season with the hounds belonging to the York hunt. T'rl I~.T3Y.TiC.AL. A new farce, entitled the Wrong Man, was produced at Covent-garden on Saturday night, and met with but moderate success. C 0 ITIZT-pAsszoNAn His Royal Highness theDuCeOfiUsseTiand the Du chess of Inverness, are staying with the Earl and Conn. tess of Leicester at Holkhatn. The Duke of Rutland leaves Chevely Park, for Bel voir Castle, this day. The Earl and Countess of Albemarle arrived in Berke ley-square on Friday, from Quiddenham Hall, Norfolk. His Excellency Lord Cowley left town on Thursday, for Deal Castle, on a visit to Lord and Lady Mary borough. Mr. Wm. Peel, son of Sir Robert Pee], joined his vessel last week. His Excellency Sir Stratford Canning leaves town to. morrow, for Constantinople. Prince Nicholas Esterhazy arrived yesterday at Chan• dos House from Vienna. The Earl and Countess of Eglinton left Eglinton Castle last week for Yorkshire. 1 lISCETiIdINEOI7S. Wivell, the fireman, who was killed at the fire in the Tower, was buried yesterday afternoon, in the church yard of St. Saviour's, Southwark. Edward Beaumont Smith, committed for trial on the Exchequer bill fraud, is son of C. B. Smith, Esq., Go vernor of Prince Edward's Island from 1816 to 1823. He was removed from the Government of the Island in consequence of his exaction of quit-rent, contrary to Royal instructions. The sister of the infamous Marat died the day before yesterday, aged 83, in a garret in the Rue de la Baril lerie, in the utmost misery. By her bedside were a grocer, her only heir, and a portress, who was her last remaining female friend. Her features strongly resem bled those of her brother. For a long time past her only means of support had been the making of hands for watches, in which she excelled, and among other ac quirements she is stated to have understood Latin well, and to have been a good performer on the flute. Four neighbours accompanied her remains to the fosse com mune. The house in which Marat was killed by the he roic Charlotte Corday, No. 11, Rue de l'Ecole de Me decine, is a wretched habitation. Monday next, the 15th instant, is fixed for the execu tion of Blakesley. Five large prisons, according to the Pensylvanian sys tem, will a erected next spring at Calla, Islunster, Wur temburg, Berlin, and the frontiers of Pomerania. The adoption of this plan of prison reform arises from the experience of Messrs. Busse and Julius, who have visited the prisons of several foreign countries by order of the King of Prussia, and approve most of the American. To-day is the anniversary of the death of Milton, in 1674. We learn from a Nottingham paper that "a man living in Leicestershire performed the astonishing feat of draw ing a waggon, laden with nine tons of manure, nearly four miles."—Had this waggon been laden with the un sold copies of Sir James Graham's Corn-law pamphlets, no human being could have drawn it, even an inch. On the 28th ult., says a Brussels paper, six young Englishmen, who had abjured the Protestant creed, and embraced Catholicism, were baptised in the church of St. Anne, at Bruges. AN OLD PATRlOT.—General Paine, one of the very few remaining champions of American independence, died lately. He was one of the richest proprietors of the state of Ohio. A Morning Contemporary says that in consequence of the great spread of teetotalism in Ireland, " a Com pany is about to be formed in the city for the importa tion of water into that cuuntry."—There is no occasion for any Company of this sort, for Ireland is always in hot water. The most beneficial Company would be one for the importation of absentees. In digging, in 1790, for a new dock at Blackwell, a very singular curiosity was discovered by the excavators. After passing several strata of sand, clay, &c., they found a number of large trees and a hazel-nut hedge. The priestess of that far-famed temple of Hymen, the Sark Toll-bar, in her evidence on a trial for bigamy lately at Cockermouth, stated that thirteen hundred couples had been married there within the last six years. We should have imagined that this priestess had seen so much of marriage that bigamy would have been about the very last folly she would have committed. However, there's no accounting for tastes. ATIVIOUR,S Or THE DAY. The Earl of Glasgow, it is said, is on the eve of re signing the Lord Lieutenantcy of Ayrshire, from his advanced age. Lord Kilburne, the Earl's eldest son, or the Earl of Eglinton, is expected to succeed his Lordship. It is rumoured that a solemn league and covenant, signed by thirteen Peers and a great number of Com moners, has been entered into for the unconditional support of the present Corn-laws without modification or alteration. This document, it is understood, contains a pledge that no change of any kind in the existing system will be suffered without the most strenuous and uncompromising opposition. Rumour further says that the names of several influential Whigs are attached to the document, and that it is also signed by three Dukes, of whom one is a Cabinet Minister. Can. the Duke of Buckingham enlighten us on this subject?. CHALLENGE TO MR. ALLEN, FOREMAN AT THE NEW .HOUSES OF PAR LIAMENT. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SlR—Finding in the morning edition of The Sun this day a letter from Mr. Allen, denying the charge made against him on Friday night at the Crown and Anchor, we beg leave, through the medium of your journal, to again challenge Mr. Allen to come forward and prove that these charges are not true. We are willing to sub mit the case to arbitration, and Mr. Allen can bring all the evidence that he can produce to prove that the charges are false. Now, Sir, it is quite clear that to submit the case to arbitration is the only just means that can be adopted to prove the truth or fallacy of those charges. If Mr. Allen be innocent, he need not shrink from public in vestigation. However, if lie refuses to accept this challenge, the public will at once be convinced that the charges brought against him cannot be refuted. signed, on be half of the Operative Masons, ROBERT M‘DONALD, Chairman. THE WEATHER.—The accounts from all parts of the country are extremely favourable, and the farmers entertain strong hopes that, in most places, the land will soon be in a fit state for sowing the winter wheat. For the last week the weather in the metropolis has been beautiful. The thermometer, for some days, has re mained steady at about 30.50 degrees, with every appear ance of a continuance. The Right Hon. Sir Robert Gordon leaves town at the close of the week for Vienna. EVENING SUN THE' QUEET''' continues tins Inrin u iis; e' v cellent health. THE QUEEN DOWAGER. No further bulletin had been received at Marl borough House, Pall Mall, either this Inn riF ' ing, or in the early part of the afterno9,o; since the receipt of the bulletin brougnt` by Dr. Chambers from Sudbury Hal l 13 ; night ; but it is understood that Pricy letters have been received in town this morning from Sudbury Hall, dated yesterday afterneOn, which represent her Majesty as being sl i g ht" bettet. MONEY and COMMERCIAL NE SS, C/Tr, IAR KET, Nov. 6—T TWELVE 0:CLIIIGC:50. the LIVERPOOL COTT ON to-day are 3000 bales, without any change fr y `,, is quotations of Friday. In export or speculation the'e nothing doing. LIVERPOOL SHARE MARKET, Nov. 6.—Th 6 ti1t ,..1 13i. id actions reported at the Stock Exchange are —in Junction; 191 ; Ditto Quarter Shares, 4 51 i '''° -- 37' arid Birmingham, 524 ; London and Brig-11011i , .s a d North Midland, 651, 1 ; Ditto Thirds, 14 ; P arig Rouen, 94. _... Our MANCHESTER STOCK EXCHANGE, NoV. v. 0' Market is firm, and. Stock continues scarce. 2 0 1 r ss t ad e ; actions are :—Manchester and Birmingham, North Midland, Halves, 321 ; Ditto, Thirds, 141- v" of Manchester, 5 ; Manchester Assurance, gi• ,frotn Ship letters have been received this morning D a Calcutta, Sydney, New South Wales, St. Vincent% $ Lima, but they are all of old dates. the The Tagus steamer has arrived with a mail TP ,-- G •b. Mediterranean. The dates are from Malta, Oct. 18 1 2 ; raltar, 28 ; Cadiz, 29 ; Lisbon, Nov. 1, and Oper t° ' but the news is not of the least importance. FUNDS. i i r the Consols opened at 88k 89 for Money, and 89 i '° eat Account. Very little business doing up to tho Prefor moment. Spanish Active Stock opened at 2l e' 4 ; lii' tuguese Five per Cents. 294 30 ; Ditto Threes 174, PRICES OF SHARES THIS DAY AT 00' RAILWAYS. Paid. Per Share. Birmingham and Gloucester 100 ...... 60 ...... to "" 60 ..... 261 ..... to Bristol and Exeter Great Western 65 ...... to -- Ditto Fifths - to --* , London and Brighton ... London and Birmingham ... 90 157 . to --- .. Ditto Thirds Ditto New .. London and Greenwich (New)... 20 London and South Western 3B - " , Midland Counties ..... to North Midland Ditto New Ditto Thirds niITA HALF PAST --,00 Both the English and Foreign Stock Markettn-0 improved since the early part of the morning, ta i r - , t o there has been no great deal of business done. t 4° Tot; for Money are firm at 894, and 89-1- it for the Ac i c " v st Bank Stock, 16.4- ; India Stock, 247 ; India 80nu, i ',t5.9 to 2 prem. Spanish, 2 li- ; Portuguese Five per tfr i ,j , 294 ; Mexican, 25i- ; Belgian, 100-4- ; Dutch 'Dv° a-Half per Cents., 514. CA ' * TWO O'CLO „41; Consols, 894 ; Spanish, 21 44 ; Mexican. :°4 Portuguese, 29 4 30. Iteti' The Share Market continues steady, without 0. 400 tion. London and Brighton are marked 384;, 14°.- .0 1 and Birmingham, 157; Do. Thirds, 52; Lone?! o,l* South-Western, 53; Midland Counties, 84; Nord` land New Shares, 314. QUARTER TO TH REEIie We are expecting a later arrival from Ainev c/I 'l l te s intelligence now most heeded being that which i re t pi' to commercial affairs, which, at the date of our I s s ; ei vices, were rather improving. Upon the continusTl-01 this improvement appears to depend almost entire' or relief that may be given to our great branches 01 # nufacture. . 0 al The fine weather has had a good effect on the P r' food already. Wheat to-day 2s. per qr. lower. 1 y./ LLOYD'S SHIPPING-(THIS A ' LONDON, Nov. 8.-Wind this day at noon S. L ° , OFF PENZANCE, Nov. 5.-Devonshire, Batavis• r eee MARGATE, Nov. 7.-Thirty-eight pigs of lead, Idl e of " Bleckett and Glassington," 11 sheets of ditto, trove cotton, marked " T. G.," and 10 bags of dyew°' - ''' been picked up and brought in here. GUERNSEY, Nov. 4.-Sld. Concordia, Geld C° 3s br ill, DEAL, Nov. 7.-Wind S.W., light.-Arrd. Ca giver Calcutta; Cybele, Westward. Arrd. from tio• r i e lel? , Mentor, for Savannah ; Chase, Pernambuco ; ' t or Tobago •, Montrose, Savannah ; Rosalind, ( q l :cone nople ; Indian, Launceston ; England, Sierra ,itn es , Lucretia, Swan River ; Rapier, Waterlily, an d Queen' Jamaica ; British Empire, Bermuda ; Britains joeei Azores. Ski. Apollo, Grenada ; Fortune, Sie rr t s . Osprey, New Zealand. Arrd. Persian, from r c n ig lead WHITSTABLE, Nov. 7.-About 25 tong °' t o Sani' have been brought in here from a wreck on Sand, supposed the Brig Union. _r:dt: RAMSGATE, NOV. 7.-A bale of cotton, 155 e be e,- bag of sumach, and apiece of sandal. woos' hay picked up and brought in here. COWES, Nov. G.-Arrived thatiglis, iw OFF THE WIGHT, NOV. 4.-The Sarah Alicia . 0 ' Batavia, fur Amsterdam, ' 31° 13° 5 : OFF PORTLAND, NOV. 6.-Ilaymo6l, ,CLpef,C FALMOUTH, Nov. 5.-Wind S.E. to S., fresh r: iss' 6th, S. moderate.-Arrd. Placid, ConstantillOPtoe o ' bella Wood, do; Albert, Marseilles, with Carg ° 4 - e rin' for Bonihkfsisit• and must discharge;;Charles, do., short of water; ov er' dam, Porsquinre, with part of deck-load thrown ec lat, board. Sailed, Phantom, Port Philip; Swift P r doli Brazils. Arrived off, Thomas Lowry, Price, S) lira Purveyor, Martinique, for Havre. One side of a, 4 55, vessel, with painted ports, was passed, 1 6 th ult.ll' lon. 37, by the Jane Thompson, arrived here. Bonet OFF CAPE MORANT.-Her Majesty's ship BRISTOL, Nov. 6.-Arrd. Dochfour, Quebec. clod' KINGSROAD, Nov. 6.-Arrd. a Russian brig for caster. aiter WHITEHAYEN, Nov. 4.-Sid. Alexander, ge ranean. Wi th RAMSEY, Nov. 1.--Arrd. Pomona, Marseille?! („oe, cargo heated and much damaged, and sid:2el for G l ' s 9 r e to CLYDE, Nov. 5.-Sid. Sir Charles Napier , Leone; Baronet, Rio; William, New Orleans. Arr t PORTSMOUTH, Nov. 6.-Wind S Cain; („1,/ 0 ' Jamaica, London, Jamaica. Sld. her Majesty's sa .l " Lisbon. • t itls , r Ifr SOUTHAMPTON, Nov. 6.-Sid. John King, 3 - I . ( q a ct o '. 3 PLYMOUTH, Nov. 7.-Wind E.-Arrd. L" - • hl°' it Monte Video; Chieftain, London, for Messina , % t e of foretopmast, &c. Sld. Thomas Brooks, Maur' JERSEY, Nov. 4.-Sid. Courier Rio Janeiro. ofpl; LIVERPOOL, Nov. 7.--Wind W.-Arrd. 3feg v ,l) l ll, don, late Cookson, Calcutta; Mary Jones, Fislile,;:es9e -sailed July 15 ; Australia, Macao ; ;foie r ' Pernambuco-sailed Sept. 20. Sld. Sir Charles ' iy3 Sydney; Martha Ridgway, New Zealand. e d The Sultana, from Hobart Town, is supPos arrived at Singapore. THE MARKETS-THIS CORN EXCHANGE. t " cc 81‘ ; The supplies of English grain were small 1000 ot 1 , but of Irish oats considerable. The fresh qiis li f,et'l`"ii all sorts of Corn were larger than of late. . th Wheat 2s. per quarter lower ; Foreign firm, doing ; Barley, unless very fine, ls: per quarte r ~$ ) Beans and Pease are unaltered Oats met' 9. - b e o' v t ,y but prices were not lower. The demand-for slackened, and last week's rates were 'with . „of maintained. IVP' ARRIVALS OF GRAIN IN LONDON DURING LA.slflovosisf Wheat. Barley. Oats. go le- English Irish Foreign %389 ` ,499 3,tiiis ritICZS OR BOARD OF SPIP. 411°' Wheat,Red (old) - s. --s. Beans, Small 4 ' 5 4 ' White -s. (old) ..... . 0 10 - Red (1841) Ws. 555. - Tick (new) ••••'''' . s:9 o ' Fine 588. 635. .......... 54r0. -- Superfine C 6.3. 675. - Harrow (new) .......... -White (I 841) 545. 58s. --- Fine 60s. Brank ................. I.ls, Superfine O. Us. Oats, Feed .... ............ . free 565. 76 6. Ryt. 'iSs • 40s. - Poland . ............. Barley 2fis. New . ....... .--- Grinding "Ss. : 32, • - Potatoe ............. - Malting 245. 58s. Malt 568. 60s. - Scotch Fine New 645 . 68 s . Irish.. ..... Pease, Grey, New 333. 375. Flour Town (per sac ..... . oj , -- Maple New 565. 40s. - . 6 -- White 345. 565. Ne e th Costa" . ---- Boilers 375. 425. Bran .. ort, SMITHFIELD MARKET 5/) The supply of Cattle, Sheep, and Calves ' h o sg f . o , with a brisk demand for Beef and Veal, W de, - 54, realised the present prices. Mutton, a dull tr, " cularly for the middling and inferior qualitios' an a et I s, the supply was pretty fair, with a good deril. l6c) ; 5,7 t• present prices. Beasts, 2,824 ; Sheep, Iy, 6d ; „eti. 650 ; Calves, 110 ; Beef, inferior, 3s 4d to 46 dto 5 ton, 4s to 4s 10d ; Veal, 4s to 5s 4d ; Pork, 4s 4 TEA MKET. • • oo' na re Prices of Free Trade Tea wee su stained, Co ongoe business was done, a t firm rates. ComPa n Y s va ls. 10d. to ls. 10-id. cash. The deliveries of large, and likely to continue so. TALLOW MARKET. fair • .01 Prices of P.Y. C an dl e were steady, and s r ittary, dolt e . ness was done at 475. on the spot, 465. 6d. f up to the end o f th e y ear , and 475. 6d. for Julj bruary, and March. PROVISION MARKET. Butter dull of sale, and prices of Irish wn r , o , •r" supported. Fine Dutch fell to 108 s. Bac° the demand good. Lard less in request. HOP MARKET. ,1 o° s; Fair purchases were made in Hops f a s t u c u 7beS e ry bright sorts are most in request, but o , to be ply was small. The official duty is expeete n declared. fe at -----.--.....—....-------. ______-- ZWe hear on all sides that men are ent . e, r , il t t i Cl ll . ; for the Royal Navy. The Ocean, at Sheer. L , 7 1 w ill e All the ships in commission at home and abr °3 iiule ljt filled up to the war complement chiefly w ith 1 0 ,', o t e o but will answer the purpose very well. We sht L 7 r3 tio o probably make, or be prepared to make, a dello°5":tio10' to compel the Americans to a settlement of ail tll' es e sta' and afterwards proceed to disarm to the old P 6 a ce ; blishtnent.—Naval and Military Ga zette. It is expected that there wi ll be an increase i ° t V , least 20 companies to the ma rine force ironleclitiltecit there not being one available man fit for duty' ;l a o plf the division atPortsmouth is so reduced, theY ° ,0 3 , furnish one captain, one lieutenant, and twel ve - o beli' the Vindictive ; and most of the ships i n the 11 la d have but a few men temporarily supplied to the ) t° up the A appearance of a guard.—llants Standard. . e re' c arri bral , . Papal Bull has been received at ating that see into an Arehbishopric.l ~r'fiJ M