The Sun. — London, England, 1867-10-12 00:00:00

DEATH OF ELMS HOIVE, JUN. We announce with deep regret the death of Elias Howe, junior, who departed peacefully in the midst of his family on the 3d inst., and was buried from the residence of his father at Cambridgeport, Massachusetts, on Sunday, the 6th inst. This American has left a name which will per haps be known when many of the most distin guished and elevated on earth are forgotten. Elias Howe did not sway in the tribune, nor fascinate on the platform, nor persuade in the press. He did not direct in the council, nor lead in the crash of armies. Nor even as an inventor was his work such as takes forcible hold of the imagination. Wind and water were not subjugated, distance annihilated, space traversed with more than the speed of a bird by any invention of his. Yet it is difficult to exaggerate the boon he has conferred on the human race in the invention of his sewing machine. He was born at Spencer, Massachusetts, in 1819, his father being a farmer and miller. At 21, when a working machinist, he married, and had to sup port thereafter a family. The idea of the sewing machine was first suggested by an ingenious me chanic named Ari Davis, who kept a shop in Corn hill, Boston, for the manufacture and repair of nautical and other instruments. A mechanic and a capitalist had striven to produce a knitting machine which baulked every effort, and in 1839 they took it to Mr. Davis, who exclaimed, " What are you bothering yourselves with a knitting machine for, why don't you make a sewing machine ?" Elias Howe stood by them a young workman, 20 years old. He often pondered over Mr. Davis's exclama tion, but it was not till 1843, when pressed with po verty, that he threw himself into the design, catching the inventor's mania, which gives no rest to its vic tims till they have accomplished their task. He lost months under the impression that it was neces sary to imitate the action of the hand ; his eman cipation from this idea being the crisis of the in vention. He had perfected the conception in his mind in the fall of 1844, when he convinced George Fisher of its feasibility, and a partnership was arranged for bringing the invention into use. They were both very poor men. Elias Howe bad been regarded as a mere visionary, while his friend, George Fisher, was considered a fool for assisting him in his ridiculous invention. During the winter of 1844-45 he constructed his model, and in April he sewed a seam by his machine. In July he made a suit of clothes for his patron and another for himself. This machine, now in the Paris Ex hibition, has been pronounced more complete and final in its utility than any other inven tion constructed for a first trial. But now commenced Mr. Howe's real difficulties. He had soon all the tailors in Boston in arms against him. He took his little engine to the Quincy Hall Clothing Manufactory, and sewed seam after seam before the eyes of the unbelieving tailors at the rate of 250 stitches a minute, about seven times the speed of the hand. At last he challenged five of the swiftest semptresses to sew a race against him, and beat the girls, who were working at top speed, not only doing his work quicker, but neater and stronger. The more conclusive the proof of its value the more decided was the opposition he experienced, while the cost of the machine as then constructed was too great either for private houses or large establishments. He patented the invention, making another machine after three mouths' bard labour for deposit in the Patent-office. Even his friend Mr. Fisher, who advanced about $2,000, lost confidence, and regarded the loan as a dead loss, while Elias had to drive a locomotive to earn his bread, till he was compelled to give it up for lack of strength. Having failed in his own country, by a great effort he reached London, where had sent one of his ma chines by his brother Amasa, who preceded him. That machine was sold to a manufacturer in Cheap side for £250 sterling, with a right to use as many others as he required in his own business. It is calculated that the purchaser made £200,000 by the bargain. His career in London may be readily guessed—it is the usual story of poor, unfriended inventors. He first sent his wife back to America, and, after months of labour, performed while literally starving, of ter pawning his precious first machine and his letters patent, with his traps on his back he returned in a state of destitution to America. To his surprise he discovered that his invention had become celebrated, though he was forgotten. After great difficulty he recovered his letters patent, and he was fortunate enough to induce Geo. W. Bliss, of Massachusetts, to buy Mr. Fisher's share of the patent, and to advance money to carry on suits against the infringers of his invention. Mr. Bliss had so little faith in the enterprise that his father had to give him a mortgage on 'his farm as security. The infringing interest had grown, and the great object was to show that a prior invention had been made. After searching the Patent Records of Eng land, France, and the United States, and even groping among the Chinese, the work of a New York mechanic, named Walter Hunt, was brought to light. He had invented and partially completed a sewing machine as early as 1832, parts of which were actually in the garret of a house in Gold-street. This was brought forth, and the inventor was stimulated to complete and put it together so that it could sew, but he failed in spite of every aid, though it was shown that he had hit upon the shuttle as a means of forming the stitch. " The plaintiff's patent is valid, and the defendant's machine is an infringe ment," said Judge Sprague, of Massachusetts, after a long trial ; adding, there is no evidence in this case that leaves a shadow of a doubt that for all the benefit conferred on the public by the introduc tion of a sewing -machine the public are indebted to Mr. Howe. Nine years had then elapsed since the first machine was completed, and eight years of the term of his first patent had expired. Mr. Bliss died, and Elias Howe was able, poor as he was, to purchase his share, so little was the patent valued. This was the inventor's only stroke of luck, for the tide hitherto flowing so strongly against him suddenly turned, and he stepped almost at once into fame and fortune. From a few hun dreds a year his income rapidly increased until it went beyond $200,000, and it is anticipated that by the time the extension of the patent expires he will have received $2,000,000. The decision of the courts was followed by a war among the lead ing sewing machine houses, which eventuated in what is known as The Combination. They _ _ __ all became tributary to Mr. Howe, who re ceived $5 on every machine sold in the United States, and $1 on every one exported. On the renewal of the patent his fee was reduced from $5 to $l. It is calculated that there are now manufactured in the United States 1,000 sewing machines every day, at an average cost to the pur chaser of $6O each. Attempts have been made to estimate the value in money of the sewing machine to the people of the United States. Pro fessor Renwick expressed the opinion seven years ago on oath, after careful study of the machine, that then the saving in labour amounted to $19,000,000 per annum ; the estimate of Messrs. Wheeler and Wilson was that the work done in 1863 by the sewing machine was worth $342,000,000. A good hand sewer averages 35 stitches per minute ; the fastest machines on some kinds of work perform 3,000 a minute. There are 20,620 stitches in a good shirt, and some idea may be formed by carrying out this calculation what the saving of labour amounts to. From a woman's bonnet to her shoes, from a man's boots to his hat, every article is sewn. From his birth to his grave the machine is brought into play ; unless stripped naked and cast on a desert island, a ciyilind being must be enveloped and 'THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, OCFOBER 12, 1867 IRELAND• DUBLIN, Oat. 11. The cattle show of the Erne estate at Lifford, which was held this week at Ballindrait, was for many reasons one of the most interesting that has yet taken place. Lord Erne and several of the gen try of the neighbourhood attended. A striking im provement was noticed in the stock exhibited, and the beneficial results of the inducements held out by the Irish Peasants' Society of London to improve the character of the cottage farms and labourers' dwellings was greatly noticed. In his lordship's ad dress to his tenantry he announced the next year he would give further prizes for seamstresses and for farm servants who have lived the longest time in the same employment. Ile congratulated the farmers upon the prosperous harvest they had secured and the prospect of obtaining remunerative prices for their produce. lle stated that he had Dever wit nessed more comfort, more cleanliness, or a greater appearance of industry and prosperity than during his visit to his tenantry. He was also gratified by their open and friendly reception of him. There was not, he said, a farthing of arrear due on the estate, and the tenants had laid out last year in permanent improvements £490. He referred to a return from his agent, which showed that in nine years the tenants had expended in permanent Improvements —such as drainage, subsoiling, fencing, and build ing—no less than £5,900. He referred particularly to one tenant, named Robinson, who had built a scutch mill and gasworks at his own expense, and he recommended the other tenants to imitate the regu larity, cleanliness, and system which pervaded all his work. His lordship's plan as regards the society is to contribute double the amount of the farmers' subscriptions, and he strongly urged them to give more liberally to it. He also advocated the neces sity of their improving the dwellings of their labourers, if they wished to retain their services. In order to encourage improvements he allows at once 5 per cent. upon whatever is expended. The advantage of estate shows, instead of county shows, is apparent in the greater emulation which they tend to promote, not only between the farmers, but the proprietors, and in the good feeling which is called into play when the two classes of landlords and tenants are brought into closer contact, and enabled to take a closer and more enlightened view of their mutual interests. There are several societies upon this plan in Ireland, and the effect of their operation has been almost invariably to smooth away prejudices on both sides, and awaken feelings of attachment and confidence. A magisterial inquiry was held yesterday with respect to the conduct of Maurice Dunne, an engine driver, in the employment of the Waterford and Kilkenny Railway Company, who is charged with having wilfully driven his the engine on line at Maryborough on the evening of the 30th September, without any authority, and thereby obstructed a train coming from Waterford to Rlaryborough, causing damages to the carriages and endangering the lives of the passengers. An accident occurred on the occasion, which, fortunately, was not attended with any loss of life, although the accused himself was at the time reported to have been killed. Evi dence was given that Dunne wilfully drove the en gine on the line and occasioned a collision with a passenger train belonging to the Kilkenny Junction Company. The magistrates resolved upon sending the case for trial, but admitted him to bail. The occurrence was only an incident in the fierce war which is raging between the companies, and which has been productive of much inconvenience and an noyance to the public. The flax movement is extending steadily in the county of Cork, owing chiefly to the active interest taken in it by Lord Bandon and Col. Bernard. A meeting of the Ballineen Farmers' Club was held on Wednesday, at which his lordship presided, and congratulated them upon the success of the flax market which they had already established. Some excellent advice was given by gentlemen from the north of Ireland who attended. The Poor-law Commissioners in Ireland have an extremely difficult task to perform in the fair and firm administration of their departments. They have succeeded, however, by their prudence and deter mination, in checking abuses and maintaining a uniform and efficient system. An instance of some of the obstacles which were thrown in the way may be mentioned. Some time ago it was accidentally discovered that a relieving officer in the Longford Union bad kept back for long periods sums of money given to him for the use of the poor. The Commis sioners instantly required him to resign. Some of the guardians attempted to shield " the poor man," but the Commissioners threatened to dismiss him if be did not resign, and he had no alternative but to obey. A majority of the guardians now persistently urge the Commissioners to let them allow him a re tiring pension for his " faithful services" for 20 years. The Commissioners, however, have steadily refused, and are not likely to establish so dangerous a precedent. Some petty charges of Fenianisin continue to be brought in different parts of the country. In almost every instance the only offence proved has been using seditious expressions while in a state of intoxication, and sufficient punishment has been imposed in binding the parties over to keep the peace. No prosecution of a serious nature has been instituted. A gentleman, it appears, has recently taken a pedestrian cruise round " Erin's Isle," and made observations in his diary of the various phases of Irish character which he witnessed. Perhaps the following incident, which occurred some time since, and has escaped notice in the press, may serve to add a curious illustration of our manners and customs. It is not merely founded " on fact," but it is in all material points- literally true. In one of the work houses of Dublin—north or south, it matters not which—an old woman died who had long been an inmate. Boards are generally as hard as they ought to be, and are little afflicted by such a casualty, except as it relates to their contracts. They never omit, however, to show a becoming con sideration for bereaved friends, so- far as giving them notice of the fact, in order that if they choose they may pay the last tribute of respect by interring the deceased at their own expense. Accordingly in this instance word was promptly sent to Bridget Murphy, as we assume her name to be, informing her that her mother was no more. Bridget hastened to the workhouse, and was brought by an officer of the house into the dead-house where the body lay. He witnessed unmoved the outburst of Bridget's grief, being familiar with such scenes. After it had sub sided she examined more minutely the features of the deceased, and at length exclaimed, " That is not my mother at all !" He calmly observed, " Well, you ought to know best." She looked again, and, more perplexed than before, remarked, "It cannot be my mother—sure my mother had a Williamite nose !" It may be well to explain that the Celtic antipathy to the " glorious memory " of King William does not extend to his nose, which is re garded with traditional respect as the type of true gentility. The officer replied, " Well, you had better. leave her where she is." "Isit to leave her in this cold place ?" she said ; " no, I must take her away." She had the remains accordingly removed to her leklgings. Her friends and neighbours assembled that night at the " wake," which was conducted with the customary observances—the chief essentials on such occasions being innumer able candles, unlimited whisky, and an inex haustible mixture of sacred and secular things, lamentations and lovemaking, snuff-taking, story telling, smoking, joking, gibing, and, to crown all, an indiscriminate row at the end. Matters went on as usual until an advanced hour in the night, when misgivings as to the identity of the deceased began to increase as the liquor began to fail. At last they were convinced that they had been " waking" the wrong person. A hearse was obtained, the body was brought back to the workhouse, and next day they discovered that it was another Mrs. Murphy who had died, and that the one in whose honour the " wake" had been celebrated was still a living charge upon the rates. Now comes the sequel of the tale. In a few days a bill, of which the following is an exact copy, was furnished to the guardians to re cover expenses incurred through their mistake in the notice:— 13read and butter, 4s. 6d. office (for the dead, 10s. ; four extra angels, Bd. ; bringing the diseased' home, 4s. Bd. ; candles, ls. 6d. ; snuffers and sheets, is. 4id. ; whisky, 4s. Bd. ; porter, 2s. ; pipes, tobacco, and snuff, ls. 3 d. ; paid for washing sheets after corps' was taken away, is. ; cleaning the place, Is. ; loss sustained by two grandsons kept from work on behalf of the diseased' 7s. 6d. Nothin' charged for grief." The modest liberality of the last item is worthy of all praise. One cannot help wondering that " angels" were so cheap—only 2d. apiece—while spirits of another kind cost 4s. Bd. The details, however, need not be dwelt upon—they speak for themselves. It is enough to say that the little bill was settled, and to add that such mistakes as to the identity of de ceased persons have repeatedly occurred. surrounded by the work of the needle. This machine, if not thundering over a country, or plough ing vast 'oceans, is alike to be seen in every kit chen and drawing-room, and the name of the inventor will probably go down to posterity asso ciated wii:l a contrivance which more intimately enters into household economy than any other now used, or: likely hereafter to be introduced. --- COTTON-17S HIS7ORY AND PROSPECTS. The following interesting article is the first of a series given, in the Round Table of the 21st Sep tember, a journal the Pall Hall Gazette patronis ingly says is of some repute in America : This vegetable, which, next perhaps to corn, is the most important of all the products of the earth, was grown at the very begi'ining of the Christian era in a province at the head of the Persian Gulf, and at that period was manufactured there. In the time of Pliny, about A.D. 75, the plant was well known in Upper Egypt. In Spain it was grown and manufactured as early as the tenth century. In Italy it was used at the beginning - of the four teenth century. In China it was grown in gardens before the thirteenth century, but only as people of modern times grow roses ; it was then manufactured there simply as a curiosity. It was indigenous in Mexico at the time of the Spanizh conquest. Magellan found it in use in Brazil in 1519. Colum bus saw it growing wild in Hispaniola and other West Indian islands ; but India is the birth-place of its manufacture, where it was spun in periods of remote antiquity. The sixteenth century saw cotton cloth for the first time in England. In 1590 it was brought from Guinea thither, and centuries before this period cotton cloth was known in Morocco. Baines, in his very elaborate work upon cotton manufacture, which was published in England about thirty years ago, states that the growth of cotton in India was nearly as general as that of articles of food. It is curious to consider that during many centuries so little improvement had been made in the method of spinning cotton. In the year 1760 the machines used in England for that purpose were nearly as simple as those of India, and but a few years thereafter, viz., in 1767, just one hundred years ago, the world was startled by the discovery of Hargreaves. The poor man, like many other similar benefactors of his kind, gained little by his mechanical genius. If we mistake not, he was in early life a barber, and his invention led him into sad trouble. His wife beat him about the head, broke up his jennies ; and his fellow-townsmen in 1768 drove him away from his native town, alleging that his machines cheapened labour. It was not untill77o that he obtained his patent. He did not long sur vive, but it is not true, as is often said, that he died in a workhouse. On the contrary, he left a guinea in his will to pay the vicar for preaching his funeral sermon. Hargreaves's and John Wyatt's names are the most important in the early history of cotton spinning in England ; and it is a sad pity that Wyatt, who had a patent for roller spinning thirty years before Arkwright claimed to have conceived the idea, derived no benefit whatever from it. He was very poor—too poor, it seems, to take the pa tent in his own name, which appears in that of his business partner, and it lay unnoticed and useless for many years. We shall offer to our readers, by-and-by, some interesting facts with regard to English trade in eotton, but meanwhile we take occasion to observe that, contrary to the public esti mate of the man, Arkwright cannot fairly be called a genius. He stole Wyatt's idea, as is most conclusively established by a comparison of their several patents, which, so far as the method of spinning by rollers is concerned, are almost iden tical. Hargreaves's spinning jenny, which was rude, simple, and carefully hidden for a while from the public eye, was a discovery almost as important as that of the art of printing or the uses of steam. The whole world for centuries had been spinning cotton a single thread at a time. Hargreaves made that one thread into a spider's web, which drew the busy flies of industry into it for ever after. The mecha nical inventions of the latter half of the eighteenth century were indeed wonderful. Arkwright's patent was taken out in 1769, followed closely by Cromp ton's discovery of the mule, Kelley's application of water-power to drive it, Cartwright's power-loom, Roberts's self-acting mule, and Watt's steam- engine. Arkwright was a man of indomitable energy and perseverance, and he speedily became the founder of the factory system in England. Great efforts were made to set aside his patents, which he success fully resisted for sixteen years, and it was not until 1785 that they were finally broken up. The effect of this was at once apparent, the total import of cotton into England in 1784 being 11,482,0831b5., while in 1787, only three years thereafter, the im port was doubled, viz., 23,250,2681b5. Two years later, viz., in 1789, Watt erected the first steam engine in Manchester for cotton-spinning, and four years after this date, in 1793, in order to keep pace with the increased demand for the raw material, our own Whitney gave the cotton-gin to the world. The following table shows the imports of cotton into England from all countries, at different periods during the eighteenth century, the earliest record which we have seen being that of the year 1697 in which year the total import was 1,976,3591b5. :- 1701 . . 1,285,168 lbs. 1705 . . 070;881 „ average for four years. 1710 . . 715,008 „ 1720 . . 1,972,805 .„ 1730 . . 1,545,472 „ 1740 . . 1,645,031 „ 1751. . . 2,976,610 „ 1761 . . 3,870,392 „ 1771 to 1775 . . 4,764,589 „ average. 1776 to 1780 . . 6,766,613 „ 1781 . . 11,482,083 „ 1785 . . 18,400,381 „ 1787 . . 23,250,268 „ 1790 . . 31,447,605 „ 1800 . . 56,010,732 „ The first export of cotton from the United States to Great Britain occurred in 1781, in which year an American vessel arrived at Liverpool with eight bales, which were seized by the custom-house authorities upon the plea that they were not the product of this country. It was not until 1791 that any considerable quantity, namely, 189,316 lbs., was exported from the United States. The follow ing table shows the total exports at different periods thereafter :- 1796 6,106,729 lbs. 1821 124,893,405 lbs. 1801 20,911,201 „ 1826 204,535,415 „ 1806 37,491,282 „ 1831 270,979,784 „ 1811 62,186,081 „ 1832 322,215,122 „ 1816 81,747,116 „ 1838 595,952,297 „ The following are the exports to Great Britain alone since 1850, the total quantities since 1860 being computed at an average of 450 lbs. to the bale :- 1851 670,645,122 lbs. 1862 82,500,000 lbs. 1854 696,247,047 „ 18g3 59,5C0,000 „ 1856 892,127,988 „ 1864 89,000,000 „ 1857 683,997,972 „ 1865 208,000,000 „ 1860 1,160,000,000 „ 1866 523,000,000 „ 1861 830,000,000 „ To Aug. 22, 1867 477,000,000 „ These figures show that in but little more than 60 years our export of cotton increased from about 6,000,000 lbs. to 1,100,000,000 lbs.—a wonderful difference, truly. The records which have been preserved of the prices of cotton in Liverpool in old times show that in S. D. S. D. 1782 the value fluctuated between 1 8 and 3 6 1784 7/ 17 71 1 0 2 1 1786 71 71 1 10 3 6 1789 77 17 11 1 0 110 1792 1 , /1 1 8 2 6 The above quotations were solely for West Indian cotton. Georgia cotton is first quoted in England in 1793, viz., ls. ld. to ls. 10d. for uplands, with Tndian cotton at 10d. to ls. 4d. In 1799 Georgia cotton ranged in price, in Liverpool, from ls. sd. to 55., and India cotton from 11d. to 2s. 4d. In 1803 the quotations respectively were Bd. to ls. 3d. and 9d. to ls. 2d.; between 1806 and 1814 the lowest price at which middling uplands were sold in England was in 1811, viz., 121 d., with Surats at 101 d. The highest prices known at any period between the year 1800 and the breaking out of the Southern rebellion was in 1814, when uplands were sold in Liverpool at 23d. to 37d. ; Sea Island, 42d. to 72d. ; and Surats, 18d. to 25d. Be tween 1814 and 1834 the lowest cotton year was 1829, when uplands were quoted at 4d. to 7d., Sea Islands from 9d. to 21d., and Surats from 28d. to sid. These very low prices were no doubt caused by the heavy import of 1827 Ekud 1528, 452,249 bales being Werp9ol at the close pf the former year, and 405,886 bales at the end of the latter. The amount of cotton grown in the United States in 1850 was 2,445,793 bales ; ten years later, viz., in 1860, the yield was doubled, being nearly 5,000,000 bales, of which the State of Mississippi alone grew nearly one-quarter, a quantity equal to about one-half of the total product of 1850. Slave labour had become highly profitable, and was taxed to its utmost to raise the staple. Look, for example, at the growth of 1866, which was only about 300,000 bales more for the whole country than Mississippi alone made in 1860 ! But, to leave these figures for the present, let us see what was the course of prices in this country for cotton during the late war. The fluctuation in the article from April, 1861, to July, 1861, at New York, were only 3 cents per pound, viz., from 121 cents to 151 cents. In September of that year middling uplands had risen to 22 cents, and in November to 221 cents, in December early to 28i cents, and on December 25, 1861, to 37 cents per pound. These were all gold values, as specie pay ments were not suspended until January, 1862. The year 1861. closed, however, in New York with only about 15,000 bales on hand. The article in creased in value very rapidly afterward, but did not reach its maximum price in currency until the 23d to 25th of August, 1864, when middling uplands were sold in New York at $1 90 per pound. The statistics of 1864 are curiously interesting, and, at the risk of tiring our readers, we submit them. The following table shows the percentage of premium on gold, and the actual prices of cotton in this city at various times in that year : June 13, 1864, Gold 95 preen., Mid. Upd. Cotton $1 25 cur. „ 18, „ ~ 96 „ ~ 150 „ „ 23, „ „ 115 „ 147 „ 71 147 • 29, „ „„ 144 „ „ 1, July 11, „ lB5 „ 77 168 „ 11 21, 17 77 159 77 I , 163 „ „ 28, „ „ 150 „ 77 162 „ Aug. 3, „ „ 158 „ ~ 168 „ „ 18, „ „ 158 ~ 1, 178 „ „ 23, „ „ 158 „ 71 190 „ „ 30, „ „ 134 „ ~ 180 ~ Sept. 8, „ „ 136 „ ~ 186 „ Dec. 30, „ „ 127 „ ~ 118 „ From this it appears that between the 13th and 18th of June, 1864, with no advance in gold, cotton rose 25 cents per pound, and on the 11th of July of that year, on which day gold reached its maximum of no less than 185 per cent. premium, cotton sold at 22 cents per lb. less than it did on August 23, 1864, when gold was 27 per cent. lower. On July 1, 1865, the gold pre mium stood at 40 per cent. and cotton at 44 cents per lb. ; and at the end of 1865 gold stood at 45 per cent. premium and cotton at 46 cents. Now, while we write, the gold premium is about 45 per cent., and middling uplands are selling at 25 cents per lb., currency, or about 17i cents., gold ; about the same price as was paid in August, 1861. Of course the extraordinary fluctuations which we have named built up and destroyed many a fortune. Gains and losses in cotton were enormous, the latter in many well-known instances amounting to no less a sum than $7OO or more per bale. Many cases are known of almost ridiculous hardship, in some of them equi valent to a total loss of the cotton on the part of the planter, by reason of charges only, where no advance had been made him, other than freight and Government dues. At this moment we are credibly informed that an invoice of about 250 bales of cotton is offered for sale, in this city, which will result in a loss to the parties interested of more than $lOO,OOO. The belief that no other country can grow such desirable cotton as our own is a very common error North and South. The best cotton produced in the world is undoubtedly the growth of our Sea Islands —that is, the islands which fringe our southern coast from South Carolina to Florida. The quan tity of this, however, is not important, and, indeed, this year bids fair to be very much less than usual. But, apart from quantity, the best qualities of Egyptian rank nearly as high in Liverpool as Sea Island, and the cotton of Brazil is nearly all of long staple and takes rank next to Egyptian. The Cot ton Supply Association of Manchester have just held their annual meeting, and their report states that American seed has lately been more extensively used in Turkey, India, the .Brazils, and elsewhere, and that the result has been the growth of a better qua lity, and that cotton from Smyrna and other districts has realised in Liverpool nearly as high a price as the produce of the United States. The fol lowing table exhibits the relative values of Middling Orleans, Egyptian, Brazilian, and India or Surat cottons in Liverpool at the end of each month in 1866 : _ _ Mid. Orleans. Egyptian. Brazil. India. January February March .. April lsi 19i 17 12 May June l4 18i 1:4/ 9f July August l4 20 16/ 9j September October November - 141 101 December And the quantities of these four classes of cottons which were imported into England in 1866 are as follows :—Out of a total import of 3,749,588 bales there were 1,162,745 bales American; 407,646 bales Brazilian ; 200,221 bales Egyptian ; and 1,867,150 bales India. Our Sea Island seed was planted in Egypt in 1827 and yields finely. It is a singular fact that, notwithstanding cotton bad been known in Egypt since the days of Pliny, its culti vation had been abandoned, and it was not until 1821 that any energetic attempt was made to revive it. In that year but 60 bags were made, in the next year about 50,000, and in 1824 no less than 140,000 bales. We have not at hand the statistics of its recent growth, but are persuaded that large quantities would be exported thence were labour more abundant. Egypt and Turkey together ex ported to England nearly 414,000 bales in 1865. Egyptian cotton was first imported to England in 1823, although the cottons of Brazil were known there as early as 1781. . (To be continued.) 31UNICIPAL REFORM IN AMERWA. (From the Nation.) Apropos of municipal reform, - the Evening Post has been reiterating its doctrine that " the people " (the Post always means by this the numerical ma jority) " have a right to misgovern," and rebukes the Citizens' Association and everybody else for claiming the right to instruct " the people" on any subject. It is as well to repeat that this is one of the most immoral and detestable doctrines ever preached in a Christian country—that it is worse by far than the doctrine of the divine right of kings—that it claims for the numerical majority the right to disregard the moral law in its dealings with the minority—that it would, if sound, justify slavery or spoliation or any kind of baseness or corruption —that it is incapable of defence by any educated man, and contains a fallacy over and over exposed —that the promulgation of it at such a time and in such a community as • New York City is likely to work mischief, and only mischief—and that, if such a creed were deliberately adopted by any Democratic community, it would make Democracy stink in the nostrils of every sober-minded friend of humanity. We, for our part, bold that all possessors of power, whether the Many or the One, are bound to use it in the service of justice; and that the right of a numerical majority to " misgovern " rests on precisely the same basis as the right of a band of brigands to rob a solitary traveller. W e hope, too, the educated and intelligent and Christian minority of this city will not be deterred by talk of this sort from telling " the people" what they think, from asserting that they are wiser, are more en lightened, do know better what ought to be done, than the crowd which votes for Fernando Wood for mayor. That that crowd will work its way into more light through the exercise of political power may be true, but that it is the duty of journalists and preachers to keep it constantly advised of its ignorance, of its corruption, of its gullibility, and of its responsibility to God and man for the use it makes of its power, admits of no question. The Opinione of Florence denies the statements of some Italian and French papers that the United States Legation of that city had officially protested against the arrest of Garibaldi, on the ground of his being an American citizen, • - , Miscellaneous Foreign News. A letter from Rome, dated Oct. 4, says : Attention is fixed on the events which, since the 29th of September, have occurred in the province of Viterbo. Here at Rome we only know what we read in the Journale di Roma, and, on the other hand, we cannot trust the rumours which circulate in the Florentine press, so exaggerated are they. At the moment in which I write these lines there are still at Bagnorea about 600 Garibaldi ans. It is the only town where they have taken up a military position. The other Garibaldians, who have not recrossed the frontier, have dis banded in the neighbouring country. Bagnorea is a town of 3,500 souls. On the 30th of September the band which had entered at Acquapendente found there but seventeen soldiers ! This was a great imprudence on the part of the military authority. On the night of the Ist of Oct. those seventeen soldiers were obliged to surrender. They were deprived of their arms and of their horses, and expelled the town, but no injury was done to them. In proceed ing towards Montefiascone these soldiers met with a column which was coming to their assistance. It was, however, too late. The column occupied Acquapendente, and there replaced the arms of the Pope. The Garibaldians took to flight. But during this time, a multitude of Garibaldians, seeing the troops advancing against them, took refuge in Bagnorea, and there sacked the Palace of the Bishop. Then they pro claimed the Italian Government, and fortified themselves in the town. They were attacked on the 3d inst. but without any success. This is the last news. The Garibaldians, however, pulled down the arms of the Pope, and proclaimed Victor Emman uel King. These men are all aliens to the Papal State. The greater part are armed with excellent muskets. Some only wear the red shirt. How could these individuals have entered into the Papal States without being seen by the Italian troopsy This is the question everyone asks. It is consoling, however, to be able to say that the population evinced indifference to the revolu tionary party, and even cheered the Papal troops. This evening 200 Zouaves and a battery of artil lery leave. Rome for Bagnorea. General Kanzler, the Minister of War, will leave to-morrow morning. Perfect tranquillity reigns in Rome and in the other localities of the Papal States. Down to the present moment no Garibaldians have appeared but in the province of Viterbo. General Kanzler is reproached for having placed but 650 men to defend the Province of Viterbo, the most turbulent as well as the nearest to Flor ence. On many points, the Garibaldians have cut the telegraph wires, and this explains the late arrival of news. Everything at this moment announces a con- tinuance of rain, which will doubtless have a favour able influence on th esanitary condition of Rome. Since our last letter there have been in the capital and some other localities 140 cases of cholera and 20 deaths. The charity of the Romans continues to provide for the most pressing wants of the families tried by this scourge. A pious Patrician has placed himself at the head of an association instituted for this object. Without reckoning the sums dis tributed by the Holy Father, by the public Trea sury, and by the Municipality, more than 80,000 francs have been already expended in this work of charity. The orphans destitute of aid are received in two houses set apart for this purpose. This is not all. The Holy Father proposes to organize a lottery in favour of these unfortunate families by means of the gifts which the generosity of the faithful during the festivals of the Centenary and of the Canonization have laid at his feet. Among these gifts there are reliquaries of inestimable value, splendidly bound books, medals with his effigy, cameos, pictures, and rosaries wrought by Chris tians in foreign missions. The whole world will be invited to take part in this lottery. The schools, the congregations, and the courts of justice are now in their vacations. These va cations are called ferice autumnales to distinguish them from the Easter holidays. They usually last to the first days of November. The canonization of the Blessed Benedict Joseph Labre is now being actively prosecuted. This pro cess was first instituted on the 31st March, 1792, in the Pontificate of Pius VI., and from that day the pious pilgrim bore the title of Venerable. He was beatified on the 24th of May, 1860. A decree, dated the 3rd of last September, has approved of the acts prepared on the subject of itwo recent miracles ascribed to his intercession. Another decree will testify the approval of those miracles. Then the Holy Father will sign the final decree, declaring that in all safety the Congregation may proceed to the canonization of the beatified. The Rev. Father Francis Virili, a missionary of the Precious Blood, is the postulator in the cause which has such especial interest for France. Day and night he is occupied with the matter, and copies himself, from pure devotion to his work, the long document of the process. In the Church of St. Louis, and in many other churches here, boxes are placed to receive the offerings of the faithful. There its one also in the Colosseum on the very spot where the beatified was accustomed to pass his nights in prayer. The Nation, in reviewing " Mistakes of Edu cated Men," by John S. Hart, LL.D., and "Mental and Social Culture," by L. C. Loomis, observes :—" A writer of considerable acuteness, in one of the Irish papers, has lately been maintaining that we need an additional pro fession, the business of which should be simply and solely to point out to each man, after a proper investigation of his antecedents, attainments, and mental and moral quali ties, in what calling he should engage. This conclusion has been reached after long and painful observation of the tremendous blunders which lads make every day in select ing their walk in life. The ministry swarms with men who would have made good lawyers and soldiers ; the bar with men who would have made excellent merchants; commerce with men who would have done bettor as professors, and so on. In old societies these mistakes aro almost irretrievable. They are not usually discovered until a man has fairly settled down to his work for good or evil, or has grown too old to make change possible. In this country, where the social organisation is less fixed, men make more frequent attempts to correct early errors by abandoning the calling once taken up and going into others; but even here change is difficult, and, when made, it is often unsuccessful. Even if the person happens in the second attempt to hit on his right vocation, the mere act of changing—the feeling that, having once made a mistake, he may make another—is apt to unsettle him permanently, and convert him into one of those versatile mortals who are 'everything by turns and nothing long,' and who, after a life of failures, sink into an embittered and unhappy old age." The Rev. R. W. Alger is revising for publica tion his new book, "The Friendships of Women." The actual product of the cotton crop of the United States for the cotton year ending the 31st August, 1867, is differently stated by American authorities. Tho Charleston Courier reports it at 1,969,291 bales, of which the Sea Island cotton amounted to 43,430 bales. The New York Commercial and Financial Chronicle, however, states that the quantity sent to the shipping ports during the year was 2,019,271 bales, of which about 1,700,000 bales it estimates as the crop of the year, while 300,000 bales were old crop cotton. The latter journal states that the new cotton yea: begins with an unsually small stock in the interior, while on September 1 there were but 83,155 bales on hand at the shipping ports. During the year ending August 31, 1867, the total exports of cotton to foreign countries wore 1,552,31.1 bales. Tho Chronicle estimates the crop of Sea Island cotton for the year at 32,228 bales. The growing crop is beginning to be received at the ship ping ports iu considerable quantities, and 2,500,000 bales continnes to be the favourite estimate of its product.— Times' Correspondent. The Russian territory ceded to the United States has been officially called Alaska, and the military head quarters are established at Sitka, the district being attached to General Halleck's military division of the Pacific. Two companies of troops, with a battery of field artilloiy and ono year's supplies, are to garrison Sitka. In an editorial note of September 23 the New York Tribune exults over the fact that General Sherman has made three treaties with different tribes of Indians and hopes that "the history of Indian affairs will now proceed in ink and not in bloodshed." In another part of the paper (same issue) wo read that General Sherman said to the Indians at Montana, "If you don't leave the roads alone I will kill you, and I will give you neither powder nor ball till you make peace ;" whereupon "Pawnee-Killer," chief of the Cheyen nes, Itlt the council ih disgust. Also that the 7th Itegi ment of Volunteers would start on the 9th inst. on an expedition against the Crows. Also that the Indians had notified to the contractors on the Kansas Pacific Railway that the road should not be built beyond Fort Hayes, and that they meant war to the knife. The editor of the Tribune appears to bo too sanguine therefore.—Pall Mall Gazette. The Nation says : —We are sorry to say that we have had another outbreak between " H. G." and "T. W." The hopes we entertained that "H. G.'s " temporary removal to a wider sphere of usefulness at Albany would lead to a cessation of hostilities have not been realised. In the first place, " T. W." endeavoured to fasten on " H. G." the responsi bility of recommending Callicott, the hero of the great whisky frauds, to the Government for the place he has disgraced. The result of this was that " 11. G." was com pelled to pronounce " T. W." and his aiders and abettors " immeasurable liars," meaning, of course, that their powers of mendacity were greater than our finite minds could grasp or comprehend, and not, as some absurd commentators have supposed, that the superficial area of their persons could not be computed. Smarting under this imputation, " T.W." published, in parallel columns, on one side a private letter of "H. G." written to the Presi dent in confidence last year, strongly recommending General Steedman as Stanton's successor in the War office ; and, on the other, an article from the Tribune, pub lished last month, strongly denouncing the said Steedman as the worst man whom the President could possibly select for the said office. The thing wears an awkward look ; but it is not quite so bad as it seems, as it was quite possible for an honest man to think very well of General Steedman a year and a half ago and think very ill of him last month. He has done several things which show him to be utterly unfit for any place of responsibility just now, which he had not done when "H. G." wrote his letter. Our advice to "H. G." would be, however, to re tire resolutely, and to matter at what sacrifice of feeling, from the business of recommending people for office, and devoting the time and energy thus saved to the advocacy of Mr. Jenckes's Civil Service Bill, and thus help to re deem the country from its greatest curse and canker-the filling of the public :rvice with the nominees of editors and politicians as the reward of dirty job-work. If the Philadelphia correspondent of the 7 imes is correct, the New York Herald adheres to its resolutions of withdrawing from the Associated Press, and trusting to its own enterprise and industry to procure intelligence. It announces that, outside of its expenses as a member of the Associated Press, it has spent during the past 14 years $600,000 for special telegraphic despatches, and during the year ending July 27th last it has expended $50,000 for special cable despatches from Europe. The herald at present has the largest circulation of any daily newspaper in America, and its annual expenditures are estimated at $1,500,000. The Libertl believes it can state that a treaty has just been concluded between Persia and Russia. The latter Power will aid Chir-Ali-Khan to reconquer the eastern provinces of Affghanistan, that is to say, Cabul. Persia will aid Russia, and will receive the province of Herat which the Affghans had annexed under Dost-Mahomet- Khan. This is said to be from an official source. THE "TIMES" ON THE NEW YORK STAGE. The Times continues its interesting articles on the stage of New York by an English playgoer. No. IV. opens with an account of the New York Theatre, which stands on the east side of the Broadway, a little below Wallack's. Formerly a church, it retains its original ecclesiastical aspect, the old square Kentish steeple, and shocks Eng lish feeling by the showy letters around the parapet, announcing the New York Theatre. It chiefly depends on pieces called " Transpontine." Tho melo-drama, at pre sent attracting a large audience, is entitled " Under the Gas-light." The "Sensation" is a horrible villain, who binds a poor wretch across the rails, and the noise of the coming train excites the greatest anguish, when a woman appears as the deliverer. The house in which Madame Ris OH performed is the French Theatre, in a fashionable district out of the Broadway line. Madame Ristori created a furore in Now York, and her return is eagerly awaited. Mr. J. Jefferson, whose Rip Van Winkle, at the Adelphi, was considered one of the finest delineations ever seen in London, is now at the Now York Olympic, where he draws crowded houses. A like good fortune attends Mr. Forrest at the Broadway Theatre. In New York his best parts are con sidered to be Virginius, Richelieu, and Damon. Long-for gotten in England, "Damon and Pythias" remains an ever green in America. The Astor Place Opera House, now converted into the mercantile library, is still pointed out as the scene of the Maenad) , riot, said to have emanated from the cool reception the American star met at the Princess's in Oxford-street. The writer doubts whether, with the exception of Mr. Charles Kean, there is now upon the English stage a tragedian worthy to hold a candle to Mr. Forrest. "He is not over refined, and he rather makes points than grasps entire characters. But his power is great, ho is a conscientious artist, and in the New World ho stands as almost the last representative of that old English school which was re garded as perfect before the ago of ultra-realism began, and miniature accuracy on a miniature scale was regarded as the ultima thule of histrionic art." Although little of the antique enters into the American element the writer ob serves :—" But English history is more loved hero than it is among the most patriotic Britishers, especially that por tion which precedes the quarrel between the mother coun try and the colonies. To the American Queen Elizabeth and Mary Stuart are classical figures, representatives of his own ancestry ; and when the former brandishes the sword of Enrico Ottavo' to confront Philip 11., the claptrap is more tolling in New York than it would be in London. It is the cause of the Anglo-Saxon against the Spaniard, contested before the time when the Anglo-Saxon split up into two factions. "Richard III.," once so popular in England, has altogether dropped there, and it is pleasant to observe the zeal with which New Yorkers flock to wit ness and applaud Mr. Edwin Forrest's impersonation of the crook-backed tyrant at the Broadway Theatre. " There is all the old traditional business, executed with unfading energy and power, and the accessories are all in that old fashioned style in which every illusion, save that produced by the principal actors, is eschewed altogether. Those devices by which Mr. Charles Kean contrived to make the boards look as if they wore trodden by real armies are wholly unknown, and half a dozen men-at arms, intended to represent hundreds, appeal to the imagination only, without any attempt to appear more numerous to the physical eye. As far as decorations are concerned, things are in that 'palmy' state of which so much is talked by veteran legitimists, but which always fails miserably when its restoration is effected." According to the writer, the adequate performance of subordinate parts is not to be found on the New York stage where the " star" system prevails. "People go to see one principal actor, and nothing more. That the Americans love good acting there is no doubt, but they aro content to find it in the ono particular artist who holds the highest place. I am told, however, that my opinion on this subject would be modified if I witnessed the per formance of a legitimate comedy by the regular company at Wallack's, whose activity will not commence till towards the end of this month. I deem it but fair to state this fact, as I fear I shall not stay long enough to ascertain whether my present impression is correct or not." " Gorgeous decorations, though not found necessary for the enjoyment of the poetical drama, are, nevertheless, highly relished by the Americans; and I have already men tioned the instance of the fantastic drama " Black Crook," which, on the strength of scenery and dancing alone, has attracted crowds to Niblo's for more than 100 nights, and oven now gives no signs of mortality. But the best scenes of " Black Crook" came from England, and generally the scenic artists of America are not even remotely comparable to those of London. The drop scenes for the most part are very crude specimens of art, nor do I anywhere find a trace of thetalent which is so conspicuous in our Beverley, Telbin, Calcott, and Fenton." The houses in New York look large to the Londoner accustomed to those pretty little band-boxes which afford such delight in the old country, and whet no longer takes for his standard the dimensions of Drury-lane. Notwith standing the success of Mr. Robertson's " Caste," the writer considers that Americans do not like the represen tations of the short comedies prevailing in the smaller London theatres ; the habits of the people even present a serious impediment to the formation of a programme com posed of several small pieces. None of the theatres open before 8 o'clock, and they all close at 11, which would not give time for three pieces to come within the proscribed limits unless too short to be of value. At almost all the theatres on Saturday morning, performances called Ma tindes, commence at half-past two, and in Barnum's Museum there. are two performances every day. " 1 may here mention," concludes the writer, in allusion to the liquor laws of the United States, a droll instance of a dramatic joke answering a purpose which the author neverintended. In Mr. Robertson's "Caste" the drunken old plebeian is advised to retire to Jersey, and there drink himself to death, reference being, of course, to the absence of Customs laws in the Channel Islands. As the privileges of those islands do not greatly occupy the mind of the Britishers, the wholesome counsel did not produce much effect at the Prince of Wales's ; but when the piece was brought out at the Broadway the smart American instantly applied the passage to New J ersey, and the roar was louder than at any other line of the comedy. Messrs. Sampson Low and Marston, Ludgate hill, have published "A Guide to the Great West" for travellers, miners, and emigrants. An excellent map ac companies the work, made up as the "Guide," is to the pre sent date. Edward H. Hall, the author, observes in the preface that "the book is a compilation of facts, gleaned not only from actual observation and experience, but from the latest and most reliable sources. 'lt has been carefully revised up to the latest date, and contains information not to be found in any other book." After giving the fullest information on the routes to the Great West. and a condensed summary of what is there to be found, it concludes with the Act passed by Congress to secure homesteads to settlers on the public domain. So rapid is the change taking place in these quickly-growing States and territories that it is necessary to revise such a work at short intervals, which can readily be done, as the cost 0# the iNOk is put a §hilliiis. THE BATTLE OF THE SAFES. The committee appointed to give its opinion on the comparative merits of the two safes respec tively exhibited by Mr. Chatwood, of Bolton, and by Mr. Silas C. Herring, of New York, has just issued its report. After stating that the four members named by the parties, viz., Messrs. E• Holmes, Thomas R. Pickering, Mullet, and Fairlie, had elected M. P. Douliot, civil engineer of Paris, to be their president, and that this committee bad assigned to each of the competitors the task of em ploying drilling instruments, gunpowder, steel wedges, crow-bars, steel screws, and any other k4.Pc l of burglars' appliances on his advcrsary'ssafe in order to teat its capability of resistance, the report says —" llerring's experts commenced by attempting to drill through the door of the safe, but with out attaining any other result than that of convinc ing the committee that the safe was invulnerable to this mode of attack ; and although no attempt by drilling was tried upon the Herring safe, a subse - qucnt examination convinced the entire com mittee that his safe possessed this quality in all equal degree." After much labour, however, a sm all groove was chiselled along the whole depth of Chatwood's safe, whereby the position of the joints was discovered, and the steel plate forming the exterior was torn off by means of steel wedges and hammers. A second plate was thus brought to view, which, on being broken to pieces, dis covered a third bolted to the door-frame, and which resisted all their efforts, until the groove system was again employed, where the safe was ultimately opened in 198 minutes. Herring's safe, constructed on an entirely different principle, re sisted, in its principal inner part, all the men's efforts for a long time, and it took 254 minutes to open it, being 56 minutes more than Chatwood's. The report then says :—" Admitting the excellence of both the safes submitted to trial, and also admit ting that the force brought to bear upon them was far superior to any even likely to be employed by burglars, a careful consideration of the facts compels us to the following conclusions :—Firstly, that cousi , dering the intrinsic quality of the materials employed as being equal in the two safes, Mr. Herring has by his happy combination rendered the material more efficacious, and indeed given to the hard cast-iron the tenacity which it lacks by nature, and we therefore are of opinion from this point of view--Ist. That Mr. Herring's safe is the better in the quality of the material employed. 2d. That the exterior aspect of the Chatwood Safe, from the close ness of its joints and simplicity of its form, would disin cline burglars to attack it, but if they should have the security necessary to make the attempt, its great um' formity of constructive detail would give them great hope of success, their difficulties would considerably diminish as they proceeded, and this would act as 3 moral stimulant to their physical force, until they attained the prize coveted. The Herring safe, which appears at first more easy of attack, presents to the end difficulties always great and always varied, and therefore tends to exhaust both the physical and moral energy, and to this extent offers a superior guarantee against the successful attack of burglars• We are therefore of opinion that the. Herring saf° is the best in its capability of resisting drilling in• struments, gunpowder, steel wedges, crowbars, steel screws, or any other kind of burglars' appliances• We therefore, in accordance with the foregoing de' cision, direct that the 15,000 fr. deposited by lYir. Herring be returned to him, and that the 15,000 ft. deposited by Mr. Chatwood be applied—first, to the necessary expenses of the trial, and that the balance be divided into three equal portions, to he given to the charities of London, Paris, and Wash" ington, as directed by Mr. Herring." COUNTRY MARKETS. LIVERPOOL.—FRIDAY. There was a good attendance at to-day's market, wbic); was very excited and buoyant. Wheat has advanced 1 7 6cl per 100 lb on the rates of Tuesday last. Flour broug ht 3s per sack more money. Oats and oatmeal very fir l9 ; Indian corn in steady request, and 9d per qr over forme e currencies—mixed American brought 43s 9d to 44s ; white, 52s per 4801 b. Beans and peas is to is 6d per t 1" higher. S TAMFORD—FRIDAY. We hal about the usual show of wheat to-day, Rtia currencies must be quoted nearly 4s advance, with a 13 , 1 trade. Barley met with a steady demand, and prices 0 higher. Oats were steadily disposed of, and prices ratlief higher than last seek. Beans in good request, but Karl New white wheat, 69s to 768 ; red do., 66s t o 70s Per , 8 93 ' stone. Barley, malting, 42s to 48s • grinding, 36s to 0 per qr. Oats, new, 26s to 32s ; old, 32s to 36s per 24 stole' Beans, 48s to 54s per 38 stone. Peas as of late. DERBY—FRIDAY. There was a middling supply of wheat on offer 0 ; day, with a steady trade, at 3s to 4s over the rates of J O week. Barley met with a moderate trade. Oats in i lll ‘ proved show, and at is more money. Beans were scar; New white wheat, 72s to 80s ; do. red, 63s to 70s pe.r 3 „ stone. Barley for malting, 40s to 46s per qr. ; grip 348 to 37s per 30 stone. Oats, new, 26s to 30s; old, 265 ti 36s per 24 stone. Beans, old, 41s to 495; new, 38s to a per 38 stone. WAKEFIELD.—FRIDAY. At our market to-day English wheat mot a fair denit and the business done was at an advance of fully 3 $ " re , the rates of last Friday. Barley brought rather gt ° money. Beaus is dearer. Weather wet. LINCOLN.—FRIDAY. 5 6 New white wheat, 70s to 80s ; new red,:6Bs to 75s Po r ,,„ g , stone. Barley for malting, 44s to 45s per qr ; grinn o 34s to 38s per 30 stone. Oats, 2Gs to 30 s . B ean s, 4 55 48s per 38 stone. BRISTOL SUGAR—FRIDAY. The demand for all kinds of sugar has been fair, aid prices must bo quoted fully 6d higher. COAL MARKET. Price per ton at the closed the market. e. d. Walls End Hetton 22 0 Original Hartlepool 22 0 Hartlepool Tees • 2l 9 F. 0 Hatton Lyons 2020 9‘ Tunstall West Hartley ........ 2 1 1 Caradoe New Belmont ...... () 0 North Belton Gas 3O Haswell Wylam . Bradyell'slletton 2l 0 Keno() • 2O 3 South Durham 2O 6 Ships at mark 4., 51—sold, 48. Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. 2•0 Mistrial& and New Zealand, via Sonthampton.....oot. Ditto, via Marseilles OOOOO •• • •Oct. Ditto, via Panama Brazil, Buenos Ayres, and Monte Video Nov. 4; Ditto, by Frenoh packet Cape Verde, by Brazil packet Nov. 4 ' Cape of Good Hope. Ascension. and St. Helena Oct. _- China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southampton—Oct. w' Ditto, via Marseilles •••• Oct. 1 ! Falkland Islands Nov ; Gibraltar, via Southampton Oct. 13. India, via Southampton Oct. I ' Ditto, via MarseiLes Malta, Egypt, <ie. Oct- Oct. I d ' Ditto, Marseilles Mauritius, Cape of Good Hope, and Natal, via L I. Southampton. Oct 2C Ditt , ), via Marseilles Oat. Newfoundland Oct. 24 • Portugal Nov Ditto, by private ship to Oporto . Ditto • ditto to Lisbon United States, Canada, California, &a., by British Oct. 11 ' packet • • . Ditto, by United States packet Ditto ditto (New York) Ditto ditto (New York) . ....... Ditto ditto (Baltimore) Oct. 23. Ditto, by Canadian packet West Coast of Africa, Madeira, and Teneriffe. Oc t. West Indies and Pacific (except Mexico and Baha- Oc ,4, t* 1. „, maa)2 " . Cuba and Mexico O ct. • Bahamas, via New York Bermuda, via Haliiitx Births. Of ' HUNT—On the 9th inst., at 5, Rutland-gate, the Wil e ° W. Ilunt, E:sq., M.P. of a daughter. .fe° MACNAGHTEN —On the 6th inst , Manchester, the l v , ,l i ter. Lieut.-Colonel Macnaghten, Bth Hussars, of a da ° b c , of , JOHNSTONE - On the 7th inst., at Faversham, the "c'l" - Commander H. R. Johnstone, R.N., of a daughter. Marriages. .„ 0 0 1 BRO ROLLOPE —On the 10th inst at Lea Church, Richard Lewis, eldest son of "Sir W. do „s"; liß Brooke, Bart., to Mary Grace, eldest daughter,'„oto' Ven. Edward Trollope, Archdeacon of Stow, en' of Leasingham. orelit SMITH—HUNT—On the 10th inst., at St. Leonard' s, Streatham, Nicholas Smith, of Cockspur-streof , olw cross, and Wooler Lodge, Brixton, to Mary Ai l ' daughter of the late John Hunt, of Croydon. Deaths. BOUVIER—On the 10th inst., suddenly, at 50, 031.11°Ii it' eci N.V., Julius Bouvier, Esq., aged 67, deeply belove regretted. R.I.P A CI: . eer y DEWAR— On the 9th inst., at 26, Albert-roa d t6 , road, Dalston, Alexander M. Dewar, Esq., Vo' ND II- 1 1 i London : Printed and Published by WILLIA M of of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at Tit SUN ODIOO, - Co Strand, in the Precinct of the So voy, in the v lilichiltmac.--Saturday, QCWinr 1 2 / 1667. A FTr RN After After After After After After After London Si KIN 2 This c - Dublin P. It is P some. Sold in by the I Wholoßal, Obsorv, Kinaha UT 14 . RUSS' ADVA.NC, Freehold ( repayable disoountec IVE -7 ( EVERY Eight —in and Vent BEGONI Stalls, 1 at Mr. Mi Austin's ' of th o Ha Sutton. T' Lr. p Concerts.E THIS E -4 n4lish a , sell. and De 'Brent kiss B ryn e r OXEI b ri A.TI N OTICE. OPERA, Private raenade, 1 After WE OItE A tinprece, The g• uure). K WEST, t (from, hc Dimm battalion the Lieut I mPerb ba Stalls s C 1 .7 can 1 past 7. 3 M AD. PO ad -A. ded • a i W l costu;es ; brltiEsn ; X Ad Alegi, Open. yroru ARGI This ma tent, hav Italian art NOW OPI Siznor Curti. Sic ECT LO( Wednesda on MINE! urinate at commence Course of livered on October th Mr. TT,: Museums QPANI A.LIII ProianNs 'lent n iy DO Hon ON " Vii r i n Thtti al t eniovinz prep t - -218, lite uIrAIR t LOI or It Ii isdi 68 ot e I Ir :R RY • ALE t-aooiatei tn em for 64 . u:414 HAIR, au Lon bertluons to th ill* 444 et PIMPI p t ekin 104TAi "*' ralata. AIR OP hea , eo - t o by n ' 34 it°3Taet 8.14?4° p, I thc, • Intiear thee "don. O IC k tb — RR AJGBF '"lgshOt, Q ` .9l a I' ATRON R 440 t — "retary , F T GRE, et Thte o„, fre e. '"alled Atre,, t '"ERI ~; m e , 7 1 111 tn • a lkti bkL —ll 10 . e Ye att be4raarin hor n zreat th ems c eoPati tub s — , and gif ri T' Or 1 — ° o llll A re ßeott a !t1 , 11. 1 ,4 1 N 0.52 .