The Sun. — London, England, 1841-09-04 00:00:00

MORNING- ST l4'. COURT CittCULAit The Queen held a Court and Privy Council at one o'clock yesterday afternoon, at Claremont Park. Between twelve and one o'clock, the following mem bers of the late Administration arrived at Claremont : Lord _Cottenharni Lord . John Russell, Marquis of Nor inanby, Viscount Palmerston, Earl of Clarendon, Right Hon. F. T. Baring, Earl of Minto, and Sir George Grey. The following Officers of State also arrived : The Earl of Errol, the Earl of Uxbridge. Lord Foley, the Earl of Surrey,-the-Earl of Belfast, and Lord Marcus Hill. The Members of the new Ministry also arrived at Claremont about the _same. time. There were present Sir Robert Peel, the Duke of Wellington, Lord Wharn clifTe, the Duke of Buckingham, Earl De Grey, Lord Stanley, Sir James Graham, Earl of Aberdeen, Lord Ellenborough, Earl of Ripon, Earl of Haddington, Mr. Goulburii, Lord Lyndhurst, Sir Henry _Hardinge, Sir Edward Knatchbull, Lord Eliot, Earl of Liverpool, Earl Jersey, Lord Granville Somerset, Earl of Lincoln, Mr. W. E. Gladstone, Lord Ernest Bruce, and Sir George Clerk, Lord Cottenham had an audience of the Queen, and resigned the Gr ea t S ea l. - Te Marquis- of Normanby had an audience of her - Majeity, and resigned his three Seals of Office, as one of her Majesty's principal Secretaries of State. • - Lord John Russell and Viscount Palmerston had audi ences of the Queen, and resigned their Official Seals, as two of her Majesty's principal Secretaries of State. The Right Hon. Sir George Grey, Bart., had an audience of,ltettilajesty, and resigned the Seal of the County Palatine of Lancaster, and also the Seal of the Duchy of Lancaster. Thu Earl of Clarendon had an audience of the Queen, -and resigned-the Privy-, Seal. The Right Hou. Francis Thornhill Baring had an au dience of her Majesty, and resigned his official seal as Chancellor- ofthe'Ex . chequer. ' The Earl of ;pinto had an audience of the Queen. The Earl of Errol had an audience of her Majesty, on resignir, his office of Lord Steward of her Majesty's Household. The Earl of Belfast, Lord Foley, and Lord Marcus Hill, had also audiences of her Majesty. The above named noblemen and gentlemen, after their respective audiences, immediately took their departure from Clare mont. Sir Robert Peel had an audience of the Queen, and kissed hands on being appointed First Lord of the Treasury. The Duke of Wellington had an audience of her Majesty. Lord Granville Somerset accompanied by Mr. Danvers Clerk, of the Council of the Duchy of Lancaster, had an audience of the Queen, and took the oath of Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, and was presented by her Majesty with his Seals of Office. The Earl of Liverpool had an audience of the Queen, and kissed hands on his appointment. His Lordships received from her Majesty his Wand of Office as Lord Steward of her Majesty's Household. The Earl of Jersey and Lord Ernest Bruce had au diences of her Majesty, and kissed hands on their ap pointment to her Majesty's Household. After giving these audiences, the Queen quitted the Yellow Drawing-room, accompanied by his Royal High filess Prince Albert, and preceded by the Earl of Liver. pool, the Earl of Jersey, and Lord Ernest Bruce, and passed to the Corridor, where a Privy Council was held shortly before two o'clock. Her Majesty was pleased to declare Lord Wharncliffe Lord President of the Council, and his Lordship took his place at the Board. The custody of the Great Seal having been delivered to Lord Lyndhurst, his Lordship was sworn into office as Lord High Chancellor. The Duke of Buckingham, the Earl of Liverpool, the Earl of Leicester, Lord Ernest Bruce, Lord Eliot, and Mr. William Gladstone, having been appointed Privy Councillors, were sworn in of the Council, and took their seats at the Board. The Duke of Buckingham was sworn in Keeper of the Privy Seal. Sir James Graham, the Earl of Aberdeen, and Lord Stanley were sworn as her Majesty's three principal Se cretaries of State. The Earl of Ripon and the Right Hon. W. C. Glad stone were appointed President and Vice-President of the Board of Trade. Earl De Grey was declared by the Queen in Council Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. Mr. C. C. G rev ille was the Clerk of the Council in Waiting. The Council broke up at a quarter past two o'Clock. The Earl of Listowel was the Lord in Waiting ; Lord Hill, Gold Stick in Waiting ; General the Eon. Sir William Lumley, Groom in Waiting ; Colonel Wemyss, Equerry in Waiting; and Colonel Wylde, Equerry to Prince Albert. A dejuene was served immediately after the Council. His Grace the Duke of 'Wellington left Claremont at half-past two o'clock. Sir Robert Peel, and the Noblemen and Gentlemen attending the Council also took their departure for town before three o'clock. The new Ministers and Officers of State appeared at her Majesty's Council yesterday in Court costume, the Members of Orders of Knighthood, wearing their re spective Ensigns. Yesterday morning at an early hour her Majesty and Prince Albert walked in Claremont Park. The Earl of Aberdeen, after his return to town yes terday afternoon, proceeded to the Foreign Office, and transacted business. Sir James Graham attended at the Home Office yes terday afternoon, after his arrival from Claremont. THE CORN-LAWS AND THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. LIST OF NEW PATENTS. AUGUST, 1841. Sin—The consistent and persevering manner in which the question of a change in the Corn-laws has been fol lowed up by The Sun newspaper, deserves the thanks of this country, as well as every other community. When all was gloom and despondency, that subject was nobly sup ported by your independent and valuable paper. The present scale of duties was carried by the Duke of Wel lington against poor Mr. Canning, and therefore he is responsible for his act to this free and powerful country. Common sense at once shows that a close and grinding monopoly, on the most essential article of food of the people, must be a fatal blow to trade ; and what would become of this great country without it ? Could the Noble Duke, or Sir Robert Peel, resist the suffering cry of the people in 1830 ? The thunder-clap which then frightened anti alarmed them, and shook the whole fabric of society, may recur again with awful consequences. I say, let them and the landowners beware before it is too late. The mere triumph of party will not deceive those who are exiles from their native land, those NN ho have been ruined and are suffering from the crushing effects of this hard and unfeeling law. If the day of adversity fills on them, what mercy have they to expect who have shown none ? Are we serfs, or freemen ? I, as the father of a family, with thousands—l may say millions—feel severely the pressure of this iniquitous law, and yet lam of the middling class, and - well edu cated. I happen to know that the labouring classes are generally being deprived of what few comforts they had left, by deep and overwhelming distress. Can those who have the luxuries of life, look on this appalling state of society with indifference—are they aware of what Eng glishmen can do, when driven to despair ? I hope not for their own sakes, as well as my own. I do not he sitate to say, that if this law is not at least greatly mo dified, six months will not pass without a crisis. No one will deny that it is better that individuals should suffer, than a nation sink. ThoSe who deride our gra cious Sovereign's Speech on the distress of the country, and recommending attention to the Corn-laws, may live bitterly to repent their error. Let us hope that more just principles of taxation will prevail, before the work ing class stand up as one man, and indignantly demand their rights as freeborn men who have been deceived. The importance of the subject will, I trust, excuse my requesting you to publish this letter.—l am, Mr. Editor, Your obedient and humble servant, AN ELECTOR. P.S.—My letter on th e e l ect i on of the new Parlia ment, published on the 12th of July, 1830, in the Morn ing Herald, was followed by events sufficiently alarming. I was then in Kent, and in the capital. Plymouth, Devon, Sept. 1, 1841. the lady.. Dr. Lewis alsO stated that this was in accord ance with his suggestion, and he considered the results both accurate and wonderful. There are a great number of trees in that burying-ground, much shrubbery, several largo monuments, one of which has a vine upon it, and what is more remarkable,' said Dr. Lewis, the light from the street lamps would naturally strike upon my own family tomb, which is numbered 22 !' The audience were thrilled by this announcement, as by an electric shock, so fearfully true were the results." We have not space to extract all the instances of a similar nature which occurred in the course of these exhibitions, as we find them reported in the same paper, and in the Boston Mail, and the Boston Morning Post, of various dates, from the Ist down to the 19th of July. The following, however, related in the leading article of the Mail is very curious, and equals the cases re ported by the French commission of 1826. The subject in this case, it will be seen, is a boy. " Dr. Joseph Dixon, of Taunton, a gentleman who has been for some years a believer in animal magne tism, was next put in communication with the boy, and carried him to his house in Taunton. The boy described 'he size and appearance of the house accurately ; told 'e number of steps, the colour of the door, and of the a, the front entry; described the appearance of the Voctor's study; and, on being taken into another apart ment, said he saw two ladies; that one of them was lying on a bed, and was sick. New,' said he, they arc giv ing her something to drink Question by 1)r. Dixon— ' What is the matter with her ?' Ans.---' Oh, she has something in her side.' Ques.—' What is it ?' Ans.— ' Oh, : it looks bad.' Ques.—' llow does it look ?' Ans. It looks bad, and white—site is going to die !' " These results were of such a fearful character that Dr. Dixon became very much excited, and was unable to proceed with the investigation. The boy, acting in concert with his mind, sighed deeply, and soon fell into violent convulsions, from which it was difficult to relieve him. !aper " Mr. Dixon then informed the audience that the boy's descriptions of his house were correct in the most essential particulars. He said he had a daughter, about eighteen years of age, who was sick, and the disease, it was supposed, was an affection of the liver 1 This was the most convincing experiment in ettir-voyance we have ever witnessed." A letter is published in the same papers from a clergyman, said to be of high cha racter, named Dod, who states that he found similar phenomena in a young lady of his acquaintance, mesmarised by himself, in the presence of her family, to whom he refers. A curious letter is also published from a gentleman, named Nymon, who appeals to his fellow citi zens whether he has not been known to them as an avowed disbeliever in the immortality of the soul, and declares that what he had seen at those exhi bitions has convinced him, after the most anxious and scrupulous examination of all the facts, which he believed at first to he solely produced by imposture and collusion, that the " soul has a separate existence from the body." A Committee of twenty-four--eight clergy men, eight lawyers, and eight physicians of eminence in Boston, and most of them sceptics —was appointed to make the experiments in private, and make a public report to their fel -1 low-citizens. They published a detailed account MESMERISM IN AMERICA. Sainuelßrown, of Gravel-lane, Southwark, engineer, for I improvements in the manufacture of metallic casks or ves sels, and in tinning or zincing metal for such and other pur poses. Sealed 11th August—six months for inrolment. John Seaward and Samuel Seaward, of the Canal Iron Works, Poplar, encrineer, for certain improvements in steam engines. Sealed 13th August—six months for in rolment. William Hale, engineer, and Edward Dell, merchant, both of Woolwich. for improvements in cases and ma gazines for gunpowder. Sealed 13th August—six months for inrolments. John Hawig, of the Strand, gentleman, and Felix Mo reau, of Holywell-street, Milbank, sculptor, for a new or improved mode or process for cutting or working cork for various purposes. Sealed August 21st—six months for inrolment. John Hawig, of the Strand, gentleman, and Felix Mo reau, of Holywell-street, Milbank, sculptor, for a new or improved process or processes for sculpturing, moulding, engraving and polishing stones, metals, and other sub stances. Sealed 21st August—six months for inrolment. RAILWAY ACCIDENT.—An aged man, named James.. Chorley, employed on the Bristol and Exeter Railway, on Thursday night fell asleep, and the deceased. who had unfortunately sat Clow to the line, must have fallen across the rail. The mail train came down at its usual hour, and being undisturbed by its noise, it passed over him, severed his head from his body, carrying it to a considerable distance, and divided his trunk at a little below his chest. So little alteration in the motion of the engine and carriages did the accident occasion, that the engineers, guards, and passengers were, on their arrival at Bridgewater, unconscious of the occurrence of any thing unusual.—Bristol Standard. DEPARTURE OF THE GREAT WESTERN. BRISTOL, WEDNESDAY EVENING, SEP. I.—The Great Western sailed this day on her 42d trip across the At lantic, carrying with her the very full complement of• 121 passengers, and a very valuable cargo of woollen goods, &c. A deputation of the Society of Merchants went with her to the Holmes, in order to take soundings at dead low water of the highest spring tide, with a view to giving evidence before the Port Commissioners now in Bristol, as to the capabilities of the Bristol Channel, but as the press was not permitted to accom pany them, we can know nothing of the results of the sarvey. Great quantities of pilchards and mackerel have been brought in here this last week past, and gave re munerating prices to the fishermen.—Plymouth Journal " With respect to' the degree of credit to be attached to those statements, we really have no thing to say, but that they are placed before us on as sound a basis as it is possible for human evidence to rest upon. . . . Expe rience has proved that the influences which may be exercised over the nervous powers of man are altogether unlimited in their extent and in their nature. Hence it is always unwise, and even irrational, for any one to say, on a subject so mysterious, that this fact is impossible, and that that fact could never have taken place."— Monthly Review, London, Oct., 1833. The pleasant pseudo-paradox, " It may be impossible, but I know it is true," will often be the only answer which can be offered to the per versely incredulous, by a person who is placed, with respect to animal magnetism, in the same circumstances as some of the American editors, whose papers are now before us. These gentle men—all writers of great ability and high attain ments—all known personally to their fellow citizens by the daily publication of their names, with the titles of their several journals—solemnly testify to the " fearful reality of the mys terious influence called animal magnetism," in some cases from their personal obser vation, in others from their personal expe rience. But their assertion, of " True," is still met with the cry of " Impossible," by numbers around them, who, like a large mass of our own neighbours, will neither observe nor inquire. From the candid and elaborate reports, which we find in the Boston. newspapers of last month, it appears that the public investigation of mes meric phenomena is proceeding in New Eng land with as much energy, both of favour and opposition, as in Europe; but with far greater fairness and good feeling, and consequently with far greater chance of a searching and satisfactory scrutiny than the subject has yet undergone in London. In Boston, Taunton, and all throughout Mas sachusetts, the subject has attracted the greatest attention, and is examined with the most in tense, yet, as far as we can judge, with the most sober interest. Clergymen, physicians, and even barristers of the highest repute, not only attend the public exhibitions, but test the cor rectness of the impressions which they receive there by private experiments in their respective social circles, under circumstances into which fraud or delusion could not enter; and the tes timony which they render is at once startling and conclusive. _ Although from the open and severely-scruti nized character of the exhibitions, it may be of little moment to inquire who is the exhibitor ? yet it will, perhaps, be satisfactory to state all that we know of him. His name is Dr. Henry Ro bert Collyer. He is a native of Jersey, and stu died medicine and surgery at the London Uni versity, under Dr. Elliotson and Mr. Samuel Cooper, the celebrated author of the Dictionary of Practical Surgery. The latter, in writing of Dr. Collyer, says :—" I am convinced that he will manifest, not only great professional skill, but the strictest honour and integrity in whatever situation he may be placed." It seems that in consequence of the excitement produced in Bos ton, by reports of his private practice in Mes merism, he was either invited or challenged by members of the Massachusetts Medical Associa tion, of which he is a licentiate, to repeat his experiments in public, and to operate not only on his own patients, whose susceptibility was ascer tained, but upon all who might choose to submit to the operation. Accordingly, in the beginning of July last, the public exhibitions commenced in a theatre of the Temple in that city, and were repeated nightafter night with wonderful results before crowded audiences of the most respectable citizens, including all the distinguished members of the learned professions, whose names are given in these reports. The ordinary phenomena, which we have repeatedly reported in The Sun, as we witnessed them in the experiments at the North London Hospital, the Hanover-square Rooms, and at private meetings in the house of Dr. Elliotson, were again and again exhibited. By ordinary phenomena, we mean the mesmeric sleep, accompanied with preternatural insensi bility, somnambulism, magnetically produced, and in many respects different from that which sometimes naturally occurs, and an occasional manifestation of physical and intellectual powers not possessed by the patient in the natural state. It happened sometimes (as we learn from the re ports, though we suppose it must in such re peated experiments with so many subjects of various temperaments, have happened often) that an evening's exhibition passed off with out producing any other result than the fatigue and disappointment of the ;sr dience. This would not have been made a ground for the accusation of " imposture and humbug" by any reasonable sceptic, who fairly conceded the pos tulate, which is premised before a solution of the mesmeric problem can be attempted—that " all persons are not susceptible, and that the same persons are not susceptible at all times." Occa sional failures, therefore, partial or total, should re move from any mind, justly reasoninss all suspicion of trickery or collusion. If the exhibitor were a charlatan ' he should never fail, as the Charlatan commands his own results, and can always effect the same deception by thei same means. The non-universality of mesmeric susceptibility is an acknowledged principle, and where the magnet iser never fails collusion may justly be suspected. No number of subsequent failures could disprove an effect once manifestly obtained; but there were not wanting in the Boston Temple, more than at the Queen's Rooms, those who could dis believe the facts which they had previously wit nessed, because they did not appear again under apparently the same circumstances. These persons, reasoning by the logic of the Irishman, who could not believe himself guilty of the act which a dozen had seen him commit, because he could produce a dozen others who did not see him do it, created unseemly inter ruptions of the exhibition; and, consequently, the frequenters of the theatre came to a resolu tion, that at each meeting the company should elect from amongst themselves a committee to superintend the proceedings, and act as a medium of communication between the professor and those who wished to put questions, or to propose particular tests of the experiments. From that time matters went on with regularity, which was interrupted only on one occasion by an eminent engineer, who failed in producing the failure which he pertinaciously attempted. He retired amidst the laughter of his fellow-citizens, and a Boston paper thus reports him : " Mr. Adams during the whole affair mani fested a degree of impudence, stupidity, and bigoted self-conceit altogether insufferable. He was made the butt of ridicule to the end of the exhibition." The license of the British press would not al low-us to characterise in such terms, however appropriate, the conduct of certain gentlemen who have similarly disturbed the London exhi bitions. At length Dr. Collyer was induced, by the de mand of his visitors, to produce, from a distant place, a young lady, whose powers of clairvoy ance had been much talked of, and the reported results of those public experiments in her case are such as we should at once reject with disbe lief and contempt, if we had not already seen enough to make us hesitate before we pronounce anything impossible which comes supported by similar evidence. The reporter (and, it seems , editor) the Boston Paper, the Yankee Notion g i ves editor) the following account of his own experiment s upon her :—[We must premise that i by faking her placer it is meant that, b e ing in what is ealolel a with her, whilst she"N.Nrn' as ag i n n et t i h C e communication" with in ascertained insensibility to everything fo . re z and when the clairvoyante, though s in imagination to the place, p ar a o r u ti i e n t l a l a i r er,h p ro Ls expected to describe never in that place be it, without any . signor intimation from him.] "Dr. Lewis requested us, i n • the Neck,' so a whisper, to take the - round, on new burying- ground, called, near the Roxbury line ; place we had never visited, and had only seen from the street as we have lady to the d occasionally on foot, or in a carriage. B passeßeing put communication with the in magnetic com lady, we took her t o the corner of Winter -st reet , ' in imagination, r-street, down Winter-street to W a shington-street, u p Washington street to the Lafayette Ho tel. We then menta lly looked asked her chat a t the Boylston-market, and she saw . She replied, A high building.' We then took her, in thought, directly .f rom the Boylston-market to assin the gate of the new burying - groun d, without l) g . along the street, and asked her what she saw • She replied, I see a large open place.' Dr. Lewis sa t very near the lady, and heard her answers distinctly. We then asked what see she saw in the .open place. She a nswered, I Answer— great many trees.' Question—' What else?' Some shrubbery there.' Ques.—' What else?' ADS. Some large things built up there, no t very high.' gr eat Ques.—' How many do you see ?' Ans.-- ; A DS A. — many.' Ques.—' What else do you see • What ' Something growing on one of them. Ques.— built U do you see upon the sides of those thi n g s ues. there ?' Ans.—' I see some black letters.' Q Will you read one of the lines ?' Ans.—' I cannot— itt is dark—yes, there is one; the light shines upon it -I _, is 22.' Ques.—' What are those places used for ?, Ans.—' I don't know'—(then)—' they put people there. Ques.—' What else do you see ?' Ans.—' Some fresh earth.' Ques.—' What is that for ?' Ans.—' I don't know • I don't like to stay here; it is a lonesome place 1' We then tried to make her enter one of the tombs, but she became much excited and convulsed, and Dr. Collyer, seeing her condition, insisted that the experi ment must be discontinued. " We then informed the audience where we had taken now of their proceedings from day to day, and con cluded with an unanimous resolution. " That, while this Committee refrain from ex pressing any decisive opinion as to the science or principle of animal magnetism, they freely confess, that, in the experiments of Dr. Collyer, certain appearances have been presented, which cannot be explained on the supposition of collu sion, or by a reference to any physiological principle known to them.". It cannot be denied that the resolution is suffi ciently cautions, especially when we find in the authenticated report of the investigations made by the Committee, the following account amongst several of a similar character : Pr. C. had said to some members that Frederick was in an unusually fine state for clairvoyance, when John C. Park, Esq., whom Dr. C. had declared to have the requisite continuity of thought, was put in commu nication with the lad. Mr. Park, without giving any intimation of his intended course, and avoiding all lead ing questions, asked the boy as to what he saw. The first two or three answers not being satisfactory to Mr. P., he willed him back again, he said, to where we were sitting, and then proceeded again. Each succeeding an swer, as Mr. P. declares, was correctly descriptive of the same things, in the same order, and at the same times that Mr. P. had the ideas of them in his mind directing attention to them. Mr. Park's question-1. What do you see ? Frederick's answer—Something high. Mr. Park's statement made on each answer after the conclu sion of the whole experiments.—The building west side of Bowdoin-square. Mr. I'. 2. What colour is it ? Ans. —Black or white—not very black. Mr. P.'s statement —lt is of granite. Mr. P.-3. What is there about it? are there any streets ? Ans. One on each side. Mr. P.'s statement—Such is the fact. Mr. P.-4. What do you see now ? A door, Mr. P.'s statement—l viewed in imagination the door of the jail in Leveret-street. Mr. P.-5. Any thing about it ? Ans.—Only tha steps there. Mr. P.'s statement—There are steps to it. Mr. Now pass into that door with me through an entry, and what do you see ?—Ans.—Oh, a great many doors. Mr. P.'s statement—l was in imagination at this time, and during the' two following questions was in a',ltall of the jail, hating in it nine: doors all in view.— Mr. P.-7. Huw many ? count them.—Ans.-1, 2, 3 ; I can't count them. Mr. P.-8. Yes you can; I can and so can you. Try again.--Ans.-1, 2,3, 4,5, 6, 7 ; oh, there's more than that ; I can't count them. It's a cold place ; I don't want to stay here. Mr. P.—Well, then, we'll leave this place and go to another. What do you see ?—Ans.—A door. Mr. P.'s statement—l contem plated the door of Williamson's cell. Mr. P.-10. Well, we'll go into that door. Ans.—Oh, we can't, it's all I barred up. We can't: go in. Mr. P.'s statement —lt's kept bolted, of course. Mr. P.-11. Why not ? yes, we can. We will go in. Are we in ? —Ans.—Yes. Mr. P.-12. What do you see there ? Ans.—A man. Mr. P. 13.—Any body else there ? Ans.—No, one man, and no more. Mr. P.'s statement —Williamson alone is kept there. Mr. P.-14. What is he doing?—Ans.—Sitting there. Mr. P. 15.—What does he sit on ?—Ans.—Something dirty. Mr. P.'s statement—The beds are dirty. Mr. P.-16. Do you see any thing else ? —Ans.—Only the black thing over there. Mr. P.'s statement—l knew not what the boy meant at the time, but went directly to the gaol and Williamson had a black article up against the wall to lean against as he sat. Mr. P.- 17. Now we'll turn 'round, and what do you see ? Ans.—A small white 'thing, round. Mr. I).'s statement- —A tub, for necessary' purposes, which is round. Mr. P.-18. What is it for ? Ans.--It's nasty I don't want to tell.- 7 (Exhibitinc , great disittitt) Mr. P.'s statement—Correctly .described thus. Mr. P. 19. , Well, you've told enough about that. What do you see now ? Ans.—A window. Mr. P.'s statement—l was directing attention to the window. Mr. P.-20. Look out at that window. Ans.--I can't. Mr. P.-21. Why? Ans.—lt's dirty. Mr. P.'s statement.—l was wishing to have him speak of the iron gates to it, but I do not com prehend his answer. Mr. P. then said—Now we'll go to another part. What do you see ? But the answers to this and another question not being satisfactory, Mr. P. said—Well, I don't know where you are. You are where I'm not, and proceeded no further. The following is Mr. Park's certificate of the above :—" I hereby certify that the expressions above attributed to me, are in sub stance correct. " JOHN C. PARK." This article has already carried us so far that we must conclude by expressing a concurrence with the sentiment expressed in the paragraph from the Monthly Review, which we have placed above. There can be little doubt that the recent work of Mrs. Romer will cause mesmerism to be more extensively thought of and discussed in this country, than all the writings of Mr. Colquhoun, or the experiments of Elliotson and Lafontaine. It is at this moment, therefore, the more desirable that the subject should be fully investigated, and the question determined whe ther it is one of imposture or reality. For this end, we could suggest no better means than those adopted by the intelligent citizens of Bos ton—the election of a Committee at every exhi bition to communicate between the company and the magnetiser, so as to prevent disorderly interruption, which have no more satisfactory results than to expose the ill manners and presumption of some well dressed persons. A general meeting of the learned professions and others interested in physiological research might be held here as in Boston, for the purpose of appointing a Committee to conduct in private a series of experiments, which we have no doubt would very soon enable them to give the public a conclusive and satisfactory report. PROTEST OF THE DUKE OF SUSSEX.—In addition to his Royal Highness, the protest published in the The Sun on Wednesday last, against the amendment to the Address agreed to on Tuesday week, has been signed by the following Peers :—Scar borough, Zetland, Charlemont, De Mauley, Montfort, Clements, Foley ; and Radnor, Hatherton, and Gosford for the first, second, third, and last reasons. DEATH FROM WANT OF MEDICAL AID.— On Thursday evening, Mr. Payne held an inquest at the Bell public-house, Poppin's-court, Fleet-street, on view of the body of Elizabeth Biggs, aged 28. Deceased had been subject to fits of epilepsy during the last three years, and on Tuesday last, she was suddenly seized with a renewal of her former attacks. She continued in fits all that night, and died in consequence on the following morning. Just before her death a medical man was called in, but it was teo late. In giving his evidence, this gentleman stat e d d ecease d' s lif e wou ld undoubtedly have been saved if she had had proper and timely medical aid. Verdict —" Died from the effect of fits." MEATH ELECTION.—We refer with unallayed satisfaction to the influential requisition calling on Mr. Corbally to stand for the representation of Meath. In rank, wealth, patriotism, and public virtue, the requisitionists are second to none in the em pire. It must be peculiarly gratifying to Mr. Cor bally to find that his character as a public man, and his services in the public cause, are appreciated by so numerous and respectable a body of the inde pendent freeholders of Meath. Mr. Corbally may rejoice at having earned the approval of such men ; and with equal pride and satisfaction can he respond to the call they have made. To represent a county situated as Meath is—a county in which Toryism has been pros trated, if not utterly annihilated—is an honour of which any man might well be proud.--Dublin Pilot. THE STINT, LONDON', SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 4. IFI4I MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEW S (From The Sun of Last Night.) LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET, SEPT. 2.—We have to - notice 'the - ale of 4,000 bales of cotton to-day, consist ing of American and other deSeriptions. Prices range as follows :—Egyptians, Bd. to I Id. ; Maranhams, for ordinary, to 7:11 for good ; Pcrnams, B+d. ; Up lands, sd. to 71d. In export or speculation there is no business doing. LIVERPOOL SHARE MARKET, SEPT. 2.—The fol lowing comprise the transactions : —Grand Junction Half shares, 100 i ; ditto Quarter-shares, 27+; Great Western 201. Shares, 88 ; London and Birmingham 321. Shares, 53+ ; Manchester and Birmingham, 21 ; Midland Coun ties, 75i ; ditto New Shares, 19. MANCHESTER STOCK EXCHANGE, SEPT. 2.—There is a considerable demand for some kind of Rail Way Stock, but few sellers at present prices. Birmingham and Glou cester. 59-1- ; London: and 'Brighton. 47+ ; North Mid land,. Thirds, 102 ; Manchester and Birmingham, 21k. Cape of Good Rope papers to the 30th June have been received, which state that the rains have been universal throughout South Africa. Even the countries on the other side of the Orange River have been favoured wi th an abundant supply; an the colony is in full prospect of another abundant harvest. Excepting some trifling thefts, the intelligence from the eastern tl•ontier possesses nothing of particular inte rest ; 'generally, everything is in a very peaceable and, promising state. From Port Nepaul and the emigrant farmers we have heard nothing for a considerable time. " LE-GISLATIVE ASSEMBLY. " In the Gazette: of yesterday, among the Municipal Notices, appears this one : " A meeting of Commissioners Wardmasters, will be held on Friday, the 23d of July, 1841, for the purpose of considering the propriety of petitioning the Home Go vernment to grant to this Colony the boon of a Repre sentative Legislative Assembly, and, if approved, of de termining upon the necessary steps to be taken. " By Order of the Commissioners, " P. J. DENYSSEN, Secretary." The Hamburgh mail, with letters and papers of Toes .ay's date, has arrived. Exchange comes higher ; Gold he same as before. The duty on Foreign Corn Lis now 6e. Bd. per quarter, and next week is expected to see its lowest, wken, no doubt, most of the speculators will clear it for home consumption. In this way about a million of quarters may be available for consumption, so that prices may be expected to decline. Such a supply as this, however, will not be more than adequate to our wants, and .we may even require more between this and next autumn, as stocks of old grain are low, and the crops will, no doubt, be slightly deficient. It is the near approabh of the 4th of the month, and the payments for these foreign supplies, which no doubt cause the present tightness of the Money Market, and to which the measures of the Bank of England, in the extension of discount accommodation, will afford no more relief than is absolutely required. The Corn Market to-day . is heavy, the supplies of fo reign being very large, viz. 52,000 quarters. CLOSING PRICES. BRITISH FUNDS. Bulk Stock lndia Stock • ••• 3 per Cent Red 9O Ditto Bonds 2pm 3 per Cent Cons B 9l Ditto Old Annuities ... 3# per Cent Red 984 iDitto New Annuities... New 3i per Cent 984 (Ex. Bills, 1,000/....20 14 pm New 5 per Cent — Ditto 500/ l7 pm Long Annuities toexpire , Did Small l7 pm Jan. 1860 l3 ;Bank Stock for 0pg.... Oct 1859 lndia Stock for Acct ... Jan. 1860. Consols for Acct 9O FOREIGN FUNDS. Austrian, 5 per cent i Portuguese, 5 per cent. Belgian, 5 per cent Ditto, New Ditto — Brazilian 80nd5.... Prussian, 5 per cent. Buenos Ayres. 6 per cent 'Russian, 5 per cent llll Chilian, 6 per cent...... Ditto,,Metallic Colombian, 6 per cent... Spanish, 5 per cent 2l/ Ditto, 1824. .. ..... —1 D itto Deferred ... 11 Danish, 3 per cent 79L . French, 5 per cent. —f. —c. Greek, 18x5, 5 per cent — Exchange Mexican, 5 per cent.... 251 French, 3 per cent —f. —c Ditto, 6 per cent, 1825. Dutch, 24. per cent. ... 51/ Peruvian,lB2s, 6 per et. Ditto, 5 per cent 102 i SHARES Great Western Railway (65 paid) Ditto New Shares (50 paid 551 Ditto Fifth (4 paid) London and Brighton (50 paid) 46i London and Birmingham Railway (90 pd) Ditto Quarter Shares ( 5 paid) Ditto New Shares ( 2 paid) London and South Western Manchester and Leeds (70 paid) ....• 60 Midland Counties Railway (100 paid) •....... 75i North Midland Railway (100 paid) Ditto Thirds (10 paid) South Eastern and Dover (38 paid)... 17 York and North Midland Railway (50 paid) 751 Ditto New Shares (15 paid) COURSE OF EXCHANGE—(YESTERDAY.) Amsterdam CF. 12 7i' Gibraltar... Ditto, at sight Rotterdam ...2 U. 12 8 Genoa . ... 25 85 Antwerp Hamburgh M. B. 13 13 Venice Altona Paris, 3 days' sight ... 25 50 (Palermo, per oz 118 i Ditto, 3 months 25 75 \Lisbon Marseilles Ilourdeaux 25 85 'Rio Janeiro 27 Frankfort on Maine... 1494 Petersburgh, 3 Us ... 37i Berlin... 7 Bahia Buedos Ayres 'New York,2t days sight 4t) Vienna, effec. fl. 3 M 9 50 Trieste, ditto 9 55 lki adrid Philadelphia - 46 PRICES OF BULLION, PER oz, Portugal Gold Coin 4:0 17 5 Cadiz Bilboa 36 Foreign - Gold, bars 3 17' 9 New Doubloons o' 0 0 New Dollars... .0 4.10; 1 - SiKer 7 in Bars . 0 5 0, Barcelona Seville .... 36 SIR. ROBERT PEEL AND HIS CABINET. • On Friday last Sir Robert said, whilst speaking of the Corn-laws, " I held in 1830 that I would not bind myself to the details of the existing law, but would reserve to myself the unfettered discretion of considering and amending that law. I hold the same language now; and if you ask me whether I bind myself to the maintenance of the existing law in its details, or if you say that this is the condition on which the agricultural interest give me their support, I say that in that condition I will not accept their support." The Duke of Buckingham said, in 1839, " What alarms me most upon this subject is the difference of opinion existing upon it in the Cabinet." Sir Edward Knatchbull said, on the Bth of March, 1827 :—" The Right Hon. Gentleman had said that he did not believe an import duty would be preferable to a prohibitory price.' This was the opinion he also held. ... it was his opinion—an opinion in which he was supported by eminent authority—that this country ought to depend for its supply of grain on the soil of the United ,Kingdom. . . . He thought the principle which had been laid down in 1815 the true one, and he should op- pose every other." To this mild speech, you, Sir, replied, that you " thought that, when it was recollected that corn could not be imported into this country under the law of 1815 until the price of it was above 80s., no gentleman who called himself a friend to the agricultural interest would seriously advise a rigid adherence to the law of that date." The Duke of Buckingham, no longer since than the debate in the Lords of the 14th of March, 1839, took " his firm stand in support of the Corn-law as it now stands." His Grace then quoted a speech made in 1815, of which the following was the concluding para graph :—" Whether the restricting price should be 725., 765., or 80s., was a matter of less moment ; although, under all the circumstances, he was in favour of the higher sum, as giving due encouragement to the farmer, without which he coal not contend with rival and foreign markets. These (said the Noble Duke) ARE MY EXACT OPINIONS." On the 18th of February in the same year, his Grace likewise said (speaking of the existing Corn-laws), " I adhere to these laws ; I wish for no alteration in them. • • • • These essential laws—laws of which I have ever been, and shall continue to he, a firm advocate." Let us hear the Duke of Wellington on the 18th of February, 1839. He also opposed the hearing of evi dence on the subject of the Corn-laws :—" Agriculture —said his Grace in his usual pithy style of expression— agriculture cannot yet do without protection, and there fore the law must be kept - up." No longer ago than Thursday, the 12th of August, Sir E. Knatchbull thus expressed himself : " Nothing had been advanced within his hearing or reading that induced him at the present moment think an alteration in the Corn-laws, as they now stood, advisable.—(Cheers.) When the matter came under consideration, if any improvement affecting the farming interest or the general interest of the country should be suggested, he would give it his fullest consideration, and 'adopt it or not, according as he might or might not think it beneficial. With respect to the general question of protection, there was no doubt that protection must be maintained in.oe existing state of things. Let, then, the alteration of the law of tithe be considered in con nection with the conduct of Ministers on the subject of the Corn-laws. Within the last feW years an Act had been passed for the commutation of tithe, which was compulsory on both parties, the clergy and the landed interest. • It was his opinion, that the law was based on equitable principles ; but if an alteration should take place in the Corn-laws, and the price of Wheat' be re duced to 40s. from between 50s. and 60s. per . quarter, how would it be poSsible for that law to be carried out ? —(Hear, hear.) How would it then be possible'for the land to bear the burden imposed on it by that law ?" (Rear, hear.) .The Duke of Buckingham has continually adjured the farmers at ordinaries, and at extra ordinaries, to stick to the entire Corn-law, and not allow a line of it to be al tered. With such colleagues, how can Sir Robert Peel alter the law beneficially ? At Tamworth lie showed that the present law does not give protection enough, and we therefore have no doubt that the only alteration he will make will be to increase the tax now levied on the public by the rent- owners. THE SPIRIT SELF-PROTECTING,--Vhat can we see or acquire but what we are ? You have seen a skilful man reading Virgil. Well, that author is a thou sand books to a thousand persons. Take the book into your two hands, and read jour eyes out, you will never Lind what I find. If any ingenious reader would have a monopoly of'the wisdom or delight he gets, he is as se cure now the book is Engfished, as if it were imprisoned in the Pelews' tongue. It is with a good book as with good company. Introduce a base person among gentle men : it is all to no purpose ; he is not their fellow. Every society protects itself. The company is perfectly safe, and he is not one of them, though his body is in the room,—Ernerson's Essay on Spiritual Laws. THE DIVISI E ADDRESS. After a debate of four nights the House of Commons came to a division on the Address on Saturday morning last, when the numbers stood as follow : For the amendment Against it Majority against Ministers This majority is considerably larger than was anticipated in any quarter ; but even if the members composing it were a united party, instead of one made up of most dis cordant materials, it could not be looked upon as the work ing majority of Sir H. Peel. Counting the tellers on both sides, and omitting the Speaker, who only gives a casting vote in case of equality, there were present 633 Members —a larger 'House than has been assembled for many years. The remaining Members are thus accounted for:— there were two•pairs, three seats vacant, Bradford, North Yorkshire, and Meath (the latter in consequence of Mr. O'Connell's return for both Meath and Cork), and three Tories and fifteen Liberals absent without pairs. Sup posing the vacancies' to be occupied in the same manner as at the last election, and counting the Speaker, the numbers will stand thus :-29(f Liberals to 368 Tories, giving the latter a 'majority of sevent-eight. Of the fifteen absent Liberals one only is known to have pur posely abstained from voting—General Johnson, the Member for Oldham—and that for reasons worthy of Dogberry himself. On Saturday the Gallant (would we could say the sapient) General thought it neces sary to explain these reasons. They were, in ef fect, that he disapproved of the Whigs in some respects, and had no confidence whatever in the Tories, argnl he would not throw the obstruc tion of his vote in the way of a Tory Ministry. The General had not the wit to choose the lesser of two evils, and it was to a similar instance of stolidity on his part and that of his colleague, Mr. John Fielden, that the Tories owed their Majority of one on the want of confi dence motion in the last Parliament. We wish the peo ple of Oldham joy of their representatives. Looking, however, to the Tory majority, whether it be eighty or ninety, and leaving out of question its heterogeneous composition, we do not regard it as a subject of despon dency, or consider it as one which can long withstand the force of public opinion. We have been at the pains of analyzing the division list, and we have drawn up the following table, which distinguishes the votes of the borough, University, and county Members, for and against the amendment on the Address, including the the tellers : Majority . _ For. Agst. For. Agst, Boroughs—English and Welsh 156 ... 170 Scotch Irish l6 ... 20 Universities—English ...... .. 4 ... •••••• 4 ••• Irish Counties—English and Welsh 138 ... 16 ......122 ... Scotch ... 19 .. 8 Irish 25 ... 36 ...... ... 11 362 ANTI-CORN-LAW MOVEMENT IN CHICHES TER.—On Tuesday evening, at the Independent Chapel a public meeting was held, when the Rev. W. Malden having returned from the Manchester Conference, gave an address which extended to an hour and a half, com prising an outline of the four days' Conference , and which was listened to with serious and deep attention. At the close of the Rev. Mr. Malden's address, it was moved by the Rev. John Fullagar, the Unitarian minis ter of Chichester, and unanimously adopted by the meet ing:—" That, in the opinion of this meeting, the Con ference of Christian ministers lately held in the town of Manchester is entitled to the thanks of the nation ; that the proceedings of the Conference were characterized by Christian kindness towards the poor, and calculated to exert a beneficial influence ; and that it is the duty of this city to petition the Legislature for the total repeal of all laws which restrict the supply of food to the people." We learn from Switzerland, that Professor Agassiz, of Neufchatel, is established, with several savants, on the glacier of the Aar, in the canton of • Berne, making observations on the geological phenomena attendant on glaciers. and superintending a bore which is driving down through the glaciers. The bore has gone down 80 feet ; the thermometer marks—one-third ; and at night falls to six. Lord Enniskillen, Professor Forbes, Messrs. Robertson and Martins, have visited Professor Agassiz in his rocky grotto, where his com panions are Messrs. Studer and Escher.—Literary Gazette. ANOTHER ANTI-CORN-LAW MOVE.—We learn that a number of large and influential spinners and manufacturers had a meeting at Manchester, on Tues day last, to consider the propriety of withdrawing their business from all merchants and brokers in Liverpool who gave their support to pro Corn-law Members of Par liament ; and . they came to the conclusion that such a course- would be quite justifiable, and that they. .saw no reason for giving business to those who were doing their best to deprive them of their means of living—no reason for increasing the wealth of those who were reducing them to poverty. Another meeting of the spinners and manufacturers of the town and neighbourhood of Man chester was fixed for Tuesday next, -for the purpose of considering further of the matter, and carrying it into effect. — Chronicle. FORCE OF TRUTH. Dreadful limits are set in nature to the powers of dissimulation. Truth tyrannizes over the unwilling members of the body. Faces never lie, it is said. No man need be deceived who will study the changes of expression. When a man speaks the truth in the spirit of truth, his eye is as clear as the heavens. When he has base ends, and speaks falsely, the eye is muddy and sometimes asquint. I have beard an experienced counsellor say that he feared never the effect upon a Jury of a lawyer who does not believe in his heart that his client ought to have a ver dict. If he does not believe it, his unbelief will appear to the Jury, despite all his protestation, and will become their unbelief. This is that law whereby a work of art, of whatever kind, sets us iu the same state of mind wherein the artist was when he made it. That which we do not believe we cannot adequately say, though we may repeat the words never so often.—Essay on Spiritual Laws. THE HARVEST.—We have had several days of the brightest weather, and the sickle has been most busily at work. The crops are stated to be thin in the ground, and the rust has in a few instances prevailed. Should the fine weather last till the end of the week, we imagine a large proportion of the corn in West Somerset will be housed.—Dorchester JournaL A WOMAN'S ADVANTAGES.—A woman may say what she likes to you, without the risk of getting knocked down for it. She can take a snooze after dinner while her husband has to go to work. She can dress herself in neat and tidy shoes for a dollar, which her husband has to earn and fork over to her. She can take a walk on a pleasant day without the fear of being asked to treat at every coffee-house she passes. She can paint her face, if too pale, or flour it, if too red. She can stay at home in time of war, and wed again if her husband is " kilt." She can wear corsets if too thick, and other fixins if too thin.—Buffalo Times. SINGULAR CASE OF SPONTANEOUS COM nusTioN.--Between the hours of eight and nine, on Wednesday evening last, a fire, which at first assumed an alarming character, was discovered raging in the base ment of the preniises belonging to Mr. Archbutt, pawn broker and silversmith, No. 110, Blackfriar's-roal, near the Magdalen Hospital, and on inquiry being instituted, it was ascertained to have commenced in the cellars, which were fitted up as store-rooms for the reception of beds, bedding, carpets, &c. With great exertions the ravages of the fire were confined to the cellars, and in about half an hour it was wholly subdued ; but the loss of property is stated to be very considerable, nearly the whole of the beds, carpets , &c . that the cellars contained being all but consumed. There is every reason to believe that the fire is the effect of spontaneous combus tion, and that one of the beds contained rags mixed with flock, which, by some means, became damp, and being closely piled one a top of another they heated to a state of combustion, and ultimately burst into flames. Un fortunately Mr. Archbutt was severely burnt about the hands and face, in extinguishing the flames. The pro perty is stated to be insured in the Union and Atlas Fire-offices to the extent of several thousand pounds. SOUTH EASTERN RAILWAY.—Some very re markable organic remains of those gigantic Saurian rep tiles which characterize the Wealden formation, have re cently been discovered in the cutting forming the en trance to the Bletchingley tunnel, on the South Eastern Railway. They are chiefly vertebrae of Megalosauri and Iguanodons, with some of smaller reptiles of the same class. They are in the possession of Mr. Simms, the re sident engineer of the company at Bletchingley. The cutting from which these relics of a former world were taken discloses a magnificent section of the Weald strata. The huge primeval lizards whose skeletons are thus brought to light must have sported in the waters or roamed along the bank of the great lake or estuary for merly covering the districts of the Wealds of Kent and Surrey ; the bottom of which lake now forms the exten sive level through which the Dover Railway is carried. The cuttings on this line near its junction with the Brigh ton Railway at Reigate are also highly interesting to the geological inquirer. NOVEL APPLICATION.—Thursday consider able merriment was caused at the Town-hall, Brighton, by the following novel application :—A c omely-looking dame, " fat, fair, and forty," named Lucy Smith, app lied to the Magistrates for their advice. She stated that she had two husbands, and wanted to get rid of one.— (Laughter.) She had not heard of her first husband until within a few days for seventeen years. Thinking he was dead, she married again about three years back, Major Allen told her she had rendered herself liable to be indicted for bigamy. The applicant said her first husband enlisted for a soldier, and left her with four children.- He had now returned, and came to her house all hours of the night, creating a disturbance, and she wished to have a su mmons against him, as she was afraid he wonld do her s ome in,juq , Allen —But you are his wife , and ho has a pipit to take possession of you.—(Laughter.) Applicant—But he always :iai used ill, and I have no wish to live with him. 01. A llen ni — e I cannot alter the law. If the fir st husband makes his appearance he can claim you, although he has been ab sent so long. You might have learned from the War- SLAVERY IN THE EAST INDIES. office whether he was alive or dead. Perhaps the - first ----BENGAL.—In- this division of the report the systems and second _ husbands' can agree about the bargain. — of bondage and slavery prevailing in the territories (Laughter.) You shall have a summons and bring both which were subject to the presidency of Bengal prior to your husbands here, and we will see if we can Fake au the year 1841 are treated of under twenty-two separate arrangernent.—(Laughter.) The applicant tha&cd the heads. Our limited space will, however, only enable us Magistrate, and retired. V to give a few extracts from the most important of these " Ephraim," said Simon, " what does a young heads, showing, in a degree, the nature of East Indian fellow look like, when gallanting his sweetheart through slavery. . a shower ? " " Why, said Ephraim, looking at his 1. PREVALENCE of SLAVERY.—SIavery prevails boot, "he has very much the appearance of a rain beau!" more or less throughout the whole of these territories ; We have received from a correspondent, now the number of the slaves in some parts is considerable, a travelling on the Rhine, some particulars relative to the wealthy zemindar often possessing as many as 2,000,4 Belgian railways, which cannot fail to interest ojir and it is stated that there are 200 or 250 landholders readers. That part of Germany has already been who possess that number each. One of the witnesses brought very near to London by the steam navigation; examined is himself the owner of fifty slaves ; in other and at a very cheap rate ; but the continuation of the districts the slaves are comparatively few. In the railroad from Liege to Cologne will, in a short time, add northern, central, and southern districts of Cuttack the materially to the rapidity of the communication. From proportion of the slaves to the free population is supposed the latter place to Aix-la-Chapelle the line will b to be as six to ten, but this proportion is considered opened in a few days ; though two years will probabl excessive, elapse before the part of the line from Aix to Liege i "In the city of Calcutta the majority of the Mahome- completed, that not having been begun as soon as th dan, Portuguese, Armenian, Parsee, and Jew inhabi- other, and there being much greater difficulties to sur tants possess slaves. In the districts of'Bengal lying mount. The terminus of the Ostend line at Ans, near beyond the Ganges slavery prevails to a great extent. Liege, is on a very high level, and it is now in the course In Tipperah the slaves are supposed to constitute one- of being brought down to cross the river Meuse, near fourth of the population ; in Mymensingh all the great the town, by inclined planes: It will afterwards follow zemindars have slaves in proportion to their wealth, who the pretty and romantic valley of the Verder to Ver are settled on their estates ; one landholder, a lady, pos- viers, crossing the river no less than six or seven and sesses 1,400 slaves of this description ; even persons who twenty times, and the road six times, by very handsome live upon small salaries, such as clerks and accountants, bridges, as they promise to be from the piers that are have generally five or six slaves, already constructed, of very good stone, which is found In the Delhi territory the keeping of slaves is almost close to the spots where it is wanted. There are stated to be almost entirely confined to the city of nine galleries, as the French call them on the Simplon, Delhi, though in all the surrounding independent states, through projecting masses of rock, round which the ri especially where the chiefs are Mahomedans, it is ver flows, so that in many instances there is a very hand more common. In 1813 Sir C. Metcalfe, then resident some bridge on each side of the entrance to the tunnel. at Delhi, addressing Government on the means of This will be a most beautiful road to travel on the rails, checking the traffic in slaves within this territory, ob- and the railroad, with its bridges, stone embankments to served :—" The natives of this country are undeniably t h e river, &c., will also form a most interesting object greatly addicted to the purchase of slaves, especially of to those who travel by the post road, both in point of the female sex ; some because slaves are kept at a less picturesque appearance, and as being worth/ of notice in expense than other servants,—others for the sake of the an engineering point of view. From Verviers the road privacy of the apartMents of their wives,—others for the runs in a different direction to that followed by the post gratification of their own vicious propensities,—others road.—Brighton for the purpose of public prostitution. They will go Gazette. Filberts are unusually abundant. Fine fruit was to any expense, and run any risk, to procure slaves.'' offered in our markets on Saturday at sevenpence per 11. ORIGIN OF SLAVERY. — The slavery prevailing in pound, which, at this time last year realised eighteen the territories subject to the Bengal Presidency m a y be pence.—Kent Herald. traced to several sources : Immense quantities of mackarel have been taken 1. The sale, or gift of children by their par ents, or during the passing week off Portland Beach, and the other natural guardians. islanders are now busily engaged in curing their winter 2. The sale of children and adults by their mothers, or stock of this favourite fish.— Dorchester Journal. maternal relations. 3. The sale of wives by their husbands. The agricultural papers are urging the farmers 4. The self-sale of adults. to do their hoein g during the dry weather. This is ac 5. Marriage, or cohabitation with a slave. cording to the scriptural injunction, which says, " Hoe, 6. Kidnapping. , every one that thirsteth." 7. Importation. GROWTH OF FREE-TRADE PRINCIPLES.-- 8. Birth. The expectation that civilised nations may become, in Of all the modes by which free-born persons pass into no long time, suffiiciently enlightened to understand the the state of slavery, the first-mentioned is the most gene- advantages of free-trade is not visionary. ' Even at pre ral and constant in its operation. These sales take place sent a progress towards a less restrictive system of cone under the pressure of ,any necessity, either to obtain an merce is visible over the whole civilised world. Protect advance of money, to discharge a debt, or to preserve ing duties between different parts of a country imme life. Dr. Buchanan mentions that in Rungpore poor pa- diately subject to the same Government are now gene rents sell their male children with more reluctance than rally abandoned. Yet Turgot's measure for permitting the female, as being a greater resource for support in a, free trade in grain between the different provinces of old age, and that in Shahabad they seldom sell them of France, caused an insurrection in 1775 ; the corn trade either sex. between Ireland and England was first opened by Lord In the case of wives being sold as slaves by their hus- Grenville's Administration in 1806 ; and the remaining bands, the marriage is not thereby dissolved, and if the protecting duties between the same, two countries were husband continues to have access to his wife, the offspring not removed till 1825. in The principle of a free co belong to the purchaser. In the famine which visited mercial intercourse has been . extended by the Prussian the district of Agra in 1813 and 1814 persons were glad league to a certain number of neighbouring independ to sell'both their women and children for a few rupees, ent states. And, although every nstior still asserts and even for a single meal.—Report of the Indian Law the expediency of duties intended for the protection—as Commissioners, printed by the House of Commons. • it is falsely styled—of native industry and commerce, and not for the levying of a revenue for the Governmenr, yet they all show a disposition to diminish the number and rigour of the prohibitions and restrictions by which this so-called protection is afforded. Thus slow and painful are the advances of human reason, made, as it were, by groping in the dark, and retarded at every step by the opposition of short-sighted interest, the listless ness of routine, and the want of confidence in theoreti cal truths! If, however, the Governments of civilized nations could once acquire so much reliance on the moderation and enlightenment of the Governments of other civilized nations as to expect that the latter would allow an unrestricted trade with their_ own subjects, the motive for the acquisition and possession of dependen cies, which is founded on the assumed folly of all Go vernments respecting commercial intercourse, would no longer exist.--Lewis' s Government of Dependencies. DUNDEE TRADE.—We regret exceedingly to have occasion to observe that here almost every branch of trade is at present labouring under great depression. Unless some improvement takes place, it is fearful to think of the distress that must be felt, as winter ap proaches, by the working classes of the community, more especially as the price of bread and other necessaries of life seems to be increasing, as the means of paying for them are growing less. Flax, which finds buyers 4n small lots, may be quoted a shade lower, but the price is regulated chiefly by the character of the buyer. Tow and Codilla continue scarce, and maintain their prices. Jute is quite nominal. Hemp and hemp codilla are without alteration, either in demand or prices. Yarns and linens of all sorts are of rather dull sale, and may be noted a shade lower. The proposed imposition of a duty of 20 per cent. on all linens imported into America has already had some effect on prices here.—Courier. TARDY JUSTICE.—During the Assizes just closed, the subjects of mania tnd monomania have been more than once discussed on behalf of prisoners charged with serious crimes.. and examples have been cited from works of authority on _the subject ; but we think the Learned Counsellors had no occasion to go so far out of their way to bring evidence of what was called monomania, for they have a living example of its ef fects generally travelling the circuit with them ; and, as one tact is worth fifty arguments, the time of the Court, the patience of the Jury, as well as the evidence of the medical gentlemen, which, by the bye, was not of the most satisfactory and explicit nature, would have been spared. Some of our readers may per haps be aware that the Judges of the Northern Circuit are attended in their judicial route by a genteelly-dressed female, a monomaniac, who fancies she has a very im portant trial at issue, that she has engaged one of the Learned Counsellors as her advocate, and that the cause is to come on immediately. Sometimes the officers of the Court and she have slight skirmishes, as she generally wishes to take a very prominent part in the hall of jus tice, and does not like to submit to any of the under strappers. At these assizes the poor lady has been somewhat at a loss in consequence of the ab sence of her supposed advocate, notwithstanding which, she has attended, and listened very patiently and earnestly to the trials going on. On Tuesday evening, just as his Lordship and the few of the long robes who remained were discussing the propriety of finishing the last case that night, or leaving it till the morning, her Ladyship, who had taken her place in one of the scats appropriated for the Co unsellors, on hearing Mr. Watson, who was next her, urge his Lordship to go on with the case that night, rose, and with great calm ness addressed the Judge and Jury as follows :—" Yes, my Lord and Gentlemen, and I hope, before you go, you'll do see justice. It is nearly time for you ;my case has been standing for nine years." A cry of " hush" from her Learned Friend who was next her silenced the good lady, and she left the Court, when the Judge re tired. We have heard it whispered that this poor woman lost a considerable sum at one time by a law-suit, the re sult of which was the partial bereavement of her senses, which accounts for her singular conduct.—Liverpoo 1 Mercury. " THE ROBIN OF OUR CATHEDRAL."—IrI our Journal of the 14th of February, 1835, we inserted some beautiful verses under the above title, contributed by a valued correspondent. Inquiry was made the other day, what had become of the little songster, which for a period of nine or ten years had taken up its abode within the sacred walls ; and the answer elicited the following anecdote, far more worthy of being perpe tuated than many a record inscribed on marble. The bird has been missed from the church for some time, and was supposed to have sought again " the ambient fields of air," as more congenial to its nature than the " cloistered dome ;" but on removing the altar-screen, two or three years ago, for the purpose of erecting the present handsome one of stone, the remains of the red breast were found behind it. Perhaps warned of ap proaching dissolution, having attained the venerable age of some nine or ten summers, it had retired there for a last resting-place. From long enjoyment of security, and a constant meal supplied by its protector, Mr. Phil lips, the subsacrist, the bird had become so tame that it was frequently seen perched on the choristers' desk, peering over their books, and seeming to grave look the merry smile ever ready to brig t iteo up the face of boyhood, and which its presence_eexce ed ; or, Pulpit , a mere seated on a pinnacle of the organ, swelling h !rebuilms`i t o it t praise with the music of its own mellow. pRe ; at Other times, stationed on the canopy of the 3 ti e es re .:. at tentive listener than many of God's creatures,e and more deeply interested in the preachtne's ni minaithnes free t h e netsoo r e f tf h r d e and Bobby has : hal ' d as yet Wednesday found no successor in his honours e d d e r a j p o , si t d andb s a s a l. f ea r i . nudn unities. Bristol Journal. last, two well-known professors of the art of pocket picking were placed at the bar of the Police -court, s C ve a r th e having been seen .. late the night before in a crowd CAUTION TO PICKPOCKETS,—On attempting to make free with the pockets of their neighbours. The policeman who took them into custody saw them ease one gentleman of hi s handkerchief, and afterwards disappear in the crowd, O n e of the rascals thought he was all right under these cir cumstances, and very impertinently called upon his ac cusers to produce the witness. Mr. Rushton heard wha* he had to say, and then asked Mr. Parkinson if the ger ; tlemen were of his acquaintance. It turned ou r that the spokesman had only been committed sir- times before, and his companion about four t;- s ,oen ,g um h e a s t has that to do with it l" exclaimed 0- - a fell n o‘ e v • very in dignantly, " We've suffered for • , , wl ai and that's no reason why — i b we we've done before, s should e . ta en up on . t charge." M r . R us h-- -e. •on replied,—" Having been sixteen times commits - .' • -u to gaol, whenever you are found out late 1.. 1 11 - ni ght in the crowded streets the officers do their duty in bringing you to Bridewell, and whenever they do SQ 1 VIII send you to gaol for three months as a rogue end vagabond. Go now." The two walked from the bar apparently somewhat astounded that their eloquence had no other effect on the Court.—Lirerpool Mercury. SATISFACTION.—An Indian shoots his enemy from behind a tree ; a Turk will strike his handjar into the heart of his foe while he slumbers ; and a South American Spaniard will rip up on w the spot the bowels of one who has insulted him; while an Eng lishman or a Frenchman calls out the man who has cast a stain upon his honour, and running him through, ac cording to the rules of fence, or blowing out his brains at the dropping of a handkerchief, walks away and calls this a fair and open•revenge—receiving the satisfaction of a gentleman. IM9 48 43 Tory majority 9l From this table it appears that of the borough Mem bers of England, Scotland, and Ireland, a majority of thirty-seven have declared in favour of a Liberal Minis try, notwithstanding the frightful extent of bribery and corruption which prevailed in England at the last general election, and notwithstanding the gross official partisan ship and horrid iniquities which foisted in for the time Tory representatives for several of the Irish boroughs. The Irish counties also add eleven to the Liberal ma jority. It is from the English and Scotch counties only, and from the universities—those strong holds of bigotry and intolerance—that the Tories derive a majority snore than sufficient to swamp the voice of the boroughs. The English counties are notoriously in the hands of the Corn law-making landlords, as effectually as ever the rotten boroughs were in those of the boroughmongers ;—the Scotch counties have been won by the wholesale creation of fictitious votes ; and the Universities but express the voice of persons, lay and clerical, who look forward to be provided for in one way or other at the public. ex pense. The struggle about to ensue is, in fact, one be tween town and country ; between grasping oligarchs and monopolists on the one hand, and the rights of in dustry, skill, and enterprise on the other. Considering the elements and nature of the struggle, it requires no extraordinary foresight to know by which side the vic tory must ultimately be achieved ; but woe betide the party which for the base and sordid purpose of its own a ggrandizement, at the expense of the general g ood, shall drive that struggle to extremity.—Liverpool Mercury. THEATRICALS IN ST. PETERS BURGH. (From the Literary Gazette of this day.) St. Petersbnrgh, 1-13th August, 1841. I have been here all the summer. Carter (the Lion king) has been ill for upwards of two months, and has been unable to perform. lam very much delighted with this place (much more so than last year) : everything here is so orderly and elegant—the amusements, the rides, rivers, baths, reviews, and fetes, civil, military, and religious. Four miles from the city is the Kammeroy Ostroff (Stone Island) Theatre. A delightful place it is. The French performances only are given here during the summer, when all the nobility are at their country re sidencs near the islands. Last night the officers of the French man-of-war (which has come to take away the Ambassador) were there to see La Mansarde du Crime. Mr. Bochsa and Mrs. Bishop are at Moscow. The once all-celebrated Sontag is here. She is wife of Count .Rossis, the Sardinian Ambassador. Ole ' Bull has had some excellent concerts ; and Made moiselle Mayer (of the Varieties Theatre, Paris), has married Alexandre. Bressaut, from the Theatre Francais, has been-en gaged, with 6,000 roubles d'argent in appointments only !. The deficiency of receipts over expenditure is 500,000 roubles a year. On Wednesday (August 11) the Duchess Weimar, sister to the Emperor, visited the Grand Theatre, on which occasion it was illuminated, exhibiting the extra ordinary sight of an imitation, in jets d'eaux, of the fountains at Peterhoff, in a fairy scene with a group of nymphs, &c. It is a sight that unlimited wealth and control over labour could alone accomplish. Fancy the waterworks of. Versailles, and you may realise what was seen at the Bolsha (great) Theatre. But the finest fun is the representation of a piece in Russian, at the Alexandre Theatre. It is called Kean, or Genius and Fag ; and carries out the affair of Mrs. Cox in a dramatic point of view, and the various real or imaginary vagaries of that renowned performer. It em braces a great variety of incidents. At one time Kean is consulted by a lady, who desires to go on the stage ; and Kean (being sober) advises her against such a course. In that scene I heard about the only words I could un derstand, and these were " Fanny Kemble" and " Macready." The next scene is in—Wapping ! There Kean drinks champagne in the lowest kind of grog-shop with a Russian stove in it, prevents a villain (who actually enters in a black cloak and mask) from seducing the landlord's daughter, and has a pitched battle with fists. Ile then appears in his dressing-room, where Mr. Al derman Cox, habille comme un pair d'AngHerre, and his lady enter, whilst Kean is dressing. Mr. Cox and his lady retire ; Mrs. C. returning, having forgotten her fan, which cuts an important figure in the last scene. Kean refuses to act. With great difficulty the call-boy and the manager get him on the stage to play Romeo, the last part of which is actually performed. Mr. Kean for gets his part ; the prompter comes from the side ; the actor grows indignant, and sees Mrs. Cox in the private box (erected on the stage)—produces her fan—goes into hysterics—and quotes from other plays. Mi br Cox and his lady rise. Persons from behind the scene rush on and catch the hero ; the curtain falls, and a little gentle man, a friend of Kean's (perhaps John Hughes ?) steps forward, " like Niobe, all tears," begs to know if there be a doctor in the pit, makes an apology, and the curtain falls ! Karateegan is the Kean ; and most admirably he acts it. He has a fine commanding figure, is a great favourite —in short, is the Forrest of Russia. It is said here that the young Duke of Leuchtenberg (the Emperor's son-in-law) is to be Viceroy of Poland. This would be a popular appointment. Taglioni will be here on the Ist of October. She commences a six-nights' engagement at Stockholm on the 15th of September. The Russian steam-frigate, built at New York, is hourly expected. The Russians are the finest linguists in the world. The middle and upper classes all speak French and Ger man, in addition to their own language—German is the most universal. S. to EMIGRATION TO CANADA.—By the officia, papers forwarded to England by Lord Sydenham, rela tive to the present aspect of affairs in Canada, it appears that the results of the returns regarding the arrivals of emigrants at the port of Quebec were between May 6 and June 26, 1841, the number of 16,071, being an in crease of 1,505 persons more than up to the same period in the preceding year. Four days of May alone brought a most prolific number, as there arrived in that period of time no less than 8,000 emigrants ; and among them all there Were scarce 30 cases of sickness for the hospi tal. Out of these emigrants, 460 had been assisted by their landlords ; 190 by the Prince George ; 15 em barked at London sent out by the Poor-law Commis sioners ; 116 had embarked at Gravesend, sent out by Lord Portman from his estates in Dorset and Kent ; and 59 from the House of Industry, Isle of Wight, and the parishes of Salethurst and Readcourt. There were also 180 connected with the Carlton Emigration Society, the greater part of whom were handloom weavers, as sisted to emigrate by the liberality of private individuals or public bodies ; 45 perscins were enabled to emigrate by Lord Charlemont from his estates in Armagh ; 48 persons, from Limerick, were assisted by Colonel . Wyndham. Very few of these emigrants go to the United States, but chiefly strike into Montreal and the midland districts. The only evil that has arisen connected with the immigration this season, arose from the unwillingness of the lower class of labourers to accept work at Quebec and Montreal, from the hope of obtaining higher wages in the more distant parts of the country. The delusive nature of this hope will, however, be in future checked, by publicity being given toLord Sydenham's report on this point. The returns from the emigrant stations at Bytom', Toronto, and Hamilton, up to the 30th of June, 1841, give the return of emigrants, via the Ridean canal, 5,660 ; by way of the St, Lawrence, 2,750 ; presenting a total of 8,410. The statement that a great many emigrants had abandoned the province, and gone to the United States, is untrue. Labour on the American side of the line is, along with money, scarcer than on the Canadian side, and many, on the contrary, have returned from the States on the look out for better prospects. The accounts of the health and prospects of these immense masses of people are unusually pleasing, and in every shape satisfactory. MORNING SUN !jet tiC il 05' thy * oO ii s ' to l' , i;i lj ril Lb e 1 Pa 3 ol 501 3 tel bad , 0 to tlul w ill and