The Sun. — London, England, 1841-09-13 00:00:00

EVENING SUN COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE! RED SE AND THE ,lEDITEIIRANEAN Aci:OSS THE ISTHMUS OF SEEZ. Tbc fidlowin article on the above subject from the Revue des Dcua: Aliondes, will be interesting to many or our readers : Tae attention of Europe is now more than ever interested is f--,e means to be ernp!oycd to procure a rapid communication between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean across the Isthmus of Suez. If a canal navigable for steam-boats were to be cut across the Isthmus the passage from Marseilles, or London to Bombay, might be accomplished in from 3G to 45 day?, and if, instead of a canal railroal were established, the xoyegm would be accomplished in as short a time, since tile time necessarily lost in transhipment would be compensated by the rapidity of the pAs=age across the lithmus. Unfortunately sort: time will elapse before the conflicting interests which contend for the posses sion of this corner of the ghbe, will permit the de cision of the question between these two :nodes of corn municatiop, which would give such an impulse to the cominnrce of the old Continent. WaiCvz this much-to-be-desired result, it may not be uninteresting to take a review of what was doze by the ancients in regard to this communication, of which %hq fdt the great importance. Th It they have at dif :erent epochs attempt 2d its execution camot be denied, for the testimohies of their historians would suffice to estalAish the fact even when all vest,;,ges.of what they did accomplish have been destroyed. With regard, . . liwvevcr, to the result of their endeavours, opinions are at v,riacce . Some doubt that a regular communica tion by means of a navigable canal existed before the Arabs, whilst others formally deny that t! - .e canal, which was cut at different periods, was any other than a canal the purpose of irrigation. " The istLnus which separates the two seas is not more than 12.0,000 metres between Suez arid tie shore to the north of Faratnah, near the ancient Pelusia ; and 123 the waters of the gulf rise about 5.000 metres on the average, the minimum of di.tance between the t.,vo extreme points is from 117,000 to 118,000 metres, or about 26 leagues, of 25 to a degree. Toe soil of the it,thatus is a little elevated above the seas which border it ; and is distinguished from the rest of Egypt by the absence of all verdure, habitations, ar sprng water. Tins space of 36 leagues may be divided into three ClTifers.nt parts : the first is a sandy bank, which sepa roe,, the bottom of the Gulf from the basin which was called by the ancients the " Bitter Lakes ;" the second is formed by this basin, the depth of which is not less than from '23 to 30 metres (Wont 90 feet English) and the bottom of which is consequently much below the level of the two seas no eiVar side of the isthmus; the third part is a sandy pla:o, which extends from the upper extremity of this basin, which is now dry, and which plain abuts on the Mediterranean. It is towards the extremity of the Bitter Likes' that terminates a large valley bearing the names of Tonmilat and Sabal:-Byar, which comes at a right angle from the Delta, commencing near the ancient Pelusiac branch. This valley, which has been cultivated from time immemorial, and which is believed to be the Lind of Goshen,' inhabited by the Hebrews during their so journ in Egypt, receives the waters of the Nde by a branch which opens near Buhastus. . - The ; unction between the Mediterranean and the Red Sea may, therefore, be effected in two- ways, either directly from Suez to Pe!uses by a canal cut in the mountainous ridge between Suez and the Bitter Lakes, then by the basin of these lakes, and then by a second c inJA from their extremity to the Mediterranean ; or indircetly, by the 85sistanu cf the Nile, profiting by the valley of Sabah-Byar and joining the extremity of the = Bitter Lokes' by a canal abutting on a point of the Pelusisc branch or a little below, the point of the Delta. " It is the latter of these tiro plans that was adopted by the ancients. 'they never thought of forming a direct communication, which, however, would have been tee racket, and which at least would have given them a continuous navigation, whilst the course they pur sued gave them only a temporary navigation, dependent On the inundation of the river. They had, however, in their opinions, excellent reasons for adopting the plan they did, and which were as follow : " In the first place there was a necessity for their causing the Delta to profit by this grand communica tion, for one of the principal objects of the undertak ing was the exportation of its products to Arabia, and it was therefore necessary to forma communication with a :,ranch of the river. " A second reason was the impossibility of establish ing a durable port on the coast of Pelusio, not only on account of the disposition of the coast, but because of the existence of a continual current from west to east. along the whole coast of Africa—a current which brought with it the mud of the Nile, which would soon choke up any harbour formed to the eastward of the roeuths of thet river. The existence of this current is one of the causes of the extreme slowness of the ad vancement of the De:ta in the Mediterranean. " The third reason which influenced the choice of the ancients was the opinion that the level of the Red Sea was higher than that of the Mediterranean. This diErence is now established by accurate observation to be about 130} feet. This difference is one of the nim.t singular facts which the physique of the globe offers to our notice. The cause of it is not v e t known, but it has given rise to various specu lations. Whatever may be the cause the fact is un doubted, and the communication between the two seas is attended with inconwaiences which doubtless were not last upon the ancients. The effect of such a dif ference in the level would cause a current which would soon enlarge the canal, and, rushing with force towards the Mediterranean, would rise its level, the first effect hf which would be the flooding of the lower parts of the Delta." [Tue author, going into a long detail of the various proceedings of the ancients in the formation of the canal of communication at different periods, concludes as " The cartel thus formed remained choked up with sand until the conquest of Egypt, in the year 640 of our era. The testimony of various Arab authors give circumstantial details of the establishment of this communication by order of Caliph Omar. The canal was executed anew, from Fostbath (the ancient Cairo), that is to say, the canal of Tro jan was resumed, which, according to Ptolemy, commenced at Babylon. In less than a years, say the authors, boats laden with grain arrived at Quol zourn, and carried abundance into the markets of Mecca and Medial. The canal was thus restored to the original purpose to which it was devoted by Pte leiny-Philadelphe. The navigation was carried on without interruption until the reign of Caliph Al-Man zor, who ordered it to be filled up in order to prevent a supply of provisions being carried by it to Moham. ined-Ben-Ahdoulaii, who was in revolt against him (in 762 to 767). It had thus only endured from 122 to 127 years, and was never afterwards restored. " The question now is, whether it is possible to re sume the works of the ancients and the Arabs, aura to re-establish the navigation by the same means which they hall followed. There can be no doubt of it, since the conditions are at present more favouraV e than they formerly were. the waters of the Nile Ineve risen con siderably since those days. It has bren calculated by very able engineers, that the outlay n from 24,000,0001. to 00,000,0001. would effect the junction of the Red S,a with the Nile, and at the same time with the Me diterranean, and this expense cannot be worthy a mo mont's consideration, when the magnitude of the end to he attained is taken into account." HOP INTELLIGENCE. C A NTERBURY.—The wet during the las few days h as bad a slight effect on many grounds ; even the most srorn i s i n g are evidently not looking so healthy. .Fine Weather will no doubt recover them, acodmahnineanveeerr..e has partially „ r op Will be grown. Picking MAIDSTONE. —The late cold weather has . again checked the buns, and increased the mOuld the ravages of the mould picking has commencedoe'eap'e some g rounds, which we tear will fall much short of the m 'estimate made a fortni g ht since. In the neighbourhood of Aylesford the hops come down incredibly short. WORCESTER, SEPT. 10.—The high winds we had on Friday night had blown down many poles in the hop yards that lay most exposed, but we find the injury done lA less extensive than we could have anticipated. Pick jag has partially commenced this wc'k, and by Monday next most planters will have begun. Duty called 20,000/., hut net much backed. The great Hop Fair is on Mon. day, the 20th instant, until, which little business will be transacted. CULINARY DELICACIESBox- OF THE THIR TF.E7.iTII C V,T(TRY.—.A. book just printed by the 1 ::" r g h elr:o, from the orininal records of several ancient ,i contains some very curious details inof the sty lo 3 .iving of the highest classes in England 15th centuries :—" The distinonbishing peculiarity the . 13 . th wit . only of England, but of En-Olean taste in iood, during the middle ages, was a predilection for the strong, and, in some cases, for coarse flavours. 'lb what other cause can we ascribe the appearance of the flesh of the ata pus, porpoise, sea-calf, sea-wolf, and other at the table of Sovereiplis and people of rank, whointhey we re cons id ere d del i cacies ? * * Some notion may b e f orme d of the quantity of w h a l e, &c., hub was eaten in Europe in the 13th century, lien we find He nr y t h e Thi rd, i n Lent, 1246, ordering the Sheriffs of London to purchase for him, in the City, 100 pieces of the best whale, and two porpoises."—Man avers nnd Household Eapenses in the 13th and 15th Cen- 1:$. THE HARVEST MOON.—About the time of the autumnal equino x , w h en the moon is at or near the full, she rises sooner after sunsetting than she does in any other full-moon week in the year; and she, more over, rises almost at the same time for several n i ghts to gether. These circumstances, with which farmers were better acquainted than astr onomers till within these few years, were gratefully ascribed to the goodness of God; Conceiving that he had ordered i t on purpose to give them an immediate supply of moon-light after sunset, f:.)r their greater convenience in reapin g and distinguish gathering in the fruits of the earth; accordi ng l y they d this full moon from all the others i n t h e year, b y calling tho harvest mOOll. THE UNITED STATES AND TEXA So much nttention has been paid in the City to the question respecting the northern boundary of the United States, that the southern boundary seems scarcely to have awakened the interest it deserves, which is the more remarkable, as the question con cerning the annexation of Texas to the United States is one of very high commercial importance, and may ultimately involve even the existence of the protec tive American tariff. When the Texans were wil ling to annex their territory they met with refusal from the United States, chiefly, if not entirely, through northern influence, for the manufacturing party of the north, knowing their agricultural fel low-citizens of the south were opposed to the pro tective system, feared an increase of votes from the south in Congress, which would weaken, if no: defeat, the high tariff system. The offer • %%as therefore rejected, and by this very rejection the ma nufacturing interests have found they hese placed them selves in such a false position, that the tendency of affairs i 3 more against the existence of the high tariff than if Texas had actually been annexed, for while in the latter case they would merely have had a section of their own Legislature against them, which they might have driven to some compromise, by concessions to the details of a tariff, they now find a formidable neighbour, whose territory runs along a line of frontier, and who is determined to have no tariff at all, as soon as the state of the revenue will permit. Hence it is not to be wondered at that the proposed annexation, which was at first rejected, is now regarded not altogether unfavourably, and some of the United States Journals have evidently been in favour _ of the scheme, which, though frustrated, at the only time, perhaps, when it was really possible to carry it out, has for upwards of 40 years been a project with the statesmen of the United States. To show the history of this desire for the annexation of Texas, it is necessary to go back as far as the year 1800, when Mr. Pinckney and Mr. Munroe, the Pleni potentiaries of the United States, acting under the in structions of Mr. Madison, then Secretary of State to Mr. Jefferson, addressed a letter, dated the '2Bth of Ja nuary, to M. Cavallos. the Spanish Secretary of State, in which they say, " We have the honour to .present your Excellency a paper on this subject, which, we pre sume. proves in the most satisfactory manner that the boundaries of that province (meaning Louisiana), as established by the treaties referred to, are the River Perdido to the east, and the Rio Bravo to the west. • The facts and principles which justify this conclu sion arc so satisfactory to our Government as to sa tisfy us that the United States have not a better right to the Island of New Orleans under the cession referred to than to have the whole district of territory which is above described." Tnis was an effort to ob tain Texas, and on the 12th of March, 181 S, Mr. Adams, then Secretary of State, in a letter to Don Onis, the Spanish Minister, repels the suggestion of any doubt that Texas belonged to the United States. He said :—" You know, Sir, and your own notes furnish themselves the most decisiv3 evidence, that France, while she hell the colony of Louisiana, never did coo eider the Mississippi the western boundary of that pro. vince. She always claimed the territory which you call Texas, as being within the limits and forming a part of Louisiana." However, on the 22d of Fe bruary, 1819, the United States, to prevent the trans fer of the Florida to a foreign Power in the general di lapidation of the Spanish monarchy, agreed to recog nise by a treaty with Spain the boundary of the Sabine River, under which Texas became a part of the Re public of Mexico. Although this recognition has taken pl ice there was a strong feeling in the Un ted States not to abandon the claim, and the possession of Texas by Mexino had scarcely been settled, when Mr. Clay, in the House of Representatives, introduced a resolu tion—" That the equivalent proposed to be given by Spain for that part of Louisiana west of the S thine was inadequate, and that it would be inexpedient to make a transfer o it." On the elevation of Mr. Adams to the Presidency, almost his first act was an attempt to recover Texas, and on the 26th of .March, 1825, Mr. Clay, then Secretary of State, instructed the American Minister in Mexico that the boundary was too near the United States ; that a change was desirable ; and informed him that the President wished him to sound the Mexican Government on the subject, further instructing him to offer $1,000,000 far the whole country to the Rio del Norte. In 1831 a preliminary convention for the purchase of the country for $5.000,000 was actually concluded, but this was cancalled before it could he ratified. President Jackson had previously attempted to ob tain it for $4,000,000, and even $5,000,000, by a negotiation, which failed. In 1832, after the battle of San Jacinto had compelled the separation of Texas from Mexico, the Texan Government proposed to join the Union. This offer, as before stated, was declined, under the influence of an impression that the southern portion of the Union would be rendered too powerful, and it is a singular fact that Mr. Adams, Rho had been anxious to purchase Texas, now headed the party who refused to accept it gratis. This one act of rejection stands in singular contrast with a line of policy pursued unremittingly for upwards of 40 years to obtain Texas, sometimes by virtue of alleged right, sometimes by way of purchase, the rise in the offers of the purchase-money showing the in creasing anxiety to obtain the territory. fleece the rejection had rather the appearance of a pa roxysm than of a deliberate act, and the United States are now beginning to reflect with regret on the chance of making an acquisition which they so gratuitously threw away. The leading party in Texas are strongly against all notion of annexation, and regard the previous refusal of their offer as a fortunate escape. Should Texas adhere to her in tention of doing away with customs' dues altogether, as soon as she can supply her revenues from another source, it would probably be for the int-rest of com mercial Europe that an annexation should never take place, as an independent State with no tariff at all would be the most formidable check possible against the demands by a neighbour for a high tariff. A. letter in an American paper, which calls attention to the im portance of its annexation, makes the possibility of war with England an argument. This is only an illustra tion of what may be gati.ered from the general state of the question, that the tendency of an annexation party in Texas (if such there be) would be less towards the maintenance of peaceful relations with European na tions than that of the party who advocate the inde pendence of the infant republic.—Timcs. FESTIVITIES AT WYNNSTAY. (From the Shrewsbury Chronicle.) On Monday the hospitalities were confined to a sumptuous banuet given to sixty• four of the noble and distingoizhed guests now resident at Wvnnstay. When dinner was annoanaed, Sir Watkin led the Ductless of Northumberland to her place at the table, and then took his own place near her, having his two uncles, the Dukes of Northumberland and the Earl of Powis, as his supporters, the general company occupying the sur rounding tables, consisting of the Duchess of North umberland, Duke of Marlborough, Lord and Lady Dclamere, Earl and Countess of Powis, Lord Hill (who wore some splendid decorations), Lady Choral'll Lady Rendlesham, Miss Thelluson, Hon. H. and Lady Harriet Clive, Hon. Mr. Curzon, Hon. Mr. Cholmon deley, the Ladies Herbert and 11Ess Clive, and the two Hon. Mr. Herberts, Miss Percy, Mr. Rowley, Sir Philip and Lady Egerton, Captain Macdonald, Captain Parker, Sir Stephen Glynne and Mr. Henry Glynne, Sir Rowland Hill, Sir John Williams, Colonel Hall, Mr. Baring, Mr. C. W. Wynn, Hon. Captain Fores ter, Mr. and Mrs. Gaskell, and a number of the junior branches of those; amilies. On Tuesday covers were again laid for 62 in the dining-room of the hall, the guests consi ting chiefly of the company invited the previous day, with the addition of the Countess of Jersey and Lady C. Villiers. the Marquis and Marchioness of Londonderry, and Lady F. Vane, Lady Cantalupe, Capt. Hamilton, Hon. Mr. St. John, and Counts Nostol and Kondroffsky. The band of the Royal Denbigh Militia played at intervals during dinner, alternately with Mr. Pugh, the cele brated Welsh harpist, who wore a splendid medal, presented to him by her Majesty the Queen, while on a visit in Wales with her Royal Mother in 1932. His performances were highly applauded. On the same evening a ball took place, which was attended by the Noble and distinguished party pre viously named, besides 476 invited guests. Weippert's band occupied the orchestra. The party supped in the Pavilion, which, when lighted up, and adorned by such a splendid party, ex hibited a gorgeous and enchanting spectacle. Mr. Gunter, of London, supplied the supper, which (a stand up one) was on the most costly and luxurious scale. On Wednesday another private dinner party took place, the guests being nearly the same as those attend ing on Monday and Tuesday. In the afternoon the children of the various schools at Ruabon were boun teously entertained on the lawn of \Vynnstay, where they danced and enjoyed themselves merrily tilt night fall, cheered on by a well-disciplined band, consisting of the pupils of Mr. Madeley, who performed their de lightful task greatly to his and their credit. b In the evening, Sir W. W Wynn, and the Noble P ar ty at Wynnstuy, together with Mrs. Colonel and Mrs. 111yddleton Biddulph, and the large party at Chirk Caste, attended a grand ball, given by the Viscount and Viscountess Dungannon at Brynkynalt Hall. Wei!). pert's band was in attendance, and the entertainments were on a superb scale. Yesterday dinner was provided for upwards of 500 persons, which was laid ou t in the pavilion. Sir Watkin presided at the centre table, having the Duke of Northumberland and the Earl of Powis on each side of him. Behind these distinguished personages the sideboard wa: placed, on which was dis p la y ed a gor geous show of gold and silver plate, including all t'• racing cups won by the late Sir Watkin. Shrewsbury. and Oswestry, but 0 ties around. The co." Ho; only at An the saoiog Aver vase presented to him by the county of Denbigh occupcd a conspicuous pkce on the Mr. D'Ernsr, the exhibitor of the fireworks, brought his display to Wy onstay on Tue,dly night. THE sUN, LONDON', IVIONDAY, SEPTEMBER 13, 1841 THE GUERNSEY TENURE OF LAND. (From Mr. Duncan's " Guernsey.") " Viewing the agricultural system of Guernsey as a whole, the fertility of the soil and the weight of the crops cannot be disputed ; the superior quality of the cows, the excellence of the meat, milk, butter, and ve getables. must also be admitted. Let the production of the ishnd be conipared to that of any ten thousand acres kept in one, two, or three hands in Great Bri tain, and the advantage of small farms will be obvious. Independently of the two thousand families living in the country, compare the surplus produce sent to market with the surplus produce of any ten thousand acres in one, two, or three hands elsewhere, and see on which side the balance will be found. The Guern sey ten thousand acres keep two thousand five hun dred milch cows, which produce one with the other, all the year round, five pounds of butter per week ; this, at one shilling per pound, or its value in miik, amounts to 32,500/., three-quarters of which are realised in the town. Fke hundred and fifty cows arc exported, and about that number of fat cows or oxen are slaughtered ; moreover, about five thousand porkers are either exported or sold to the town. The quantity of vegetables, fruit, poultry, and egeis brought to market is prodigious, and as many as 267,733 bushels of potatoes were exported in the year 1839. The cider of the island is of the best quality, and several hundred hogsheads are annually shipped to England. From all this, it must be evident that the agricultural produce is very considerable. " Tne value of land in this island will be scarcely credible to an .English reader. It must be very infe rior indeed if the rent is not 21. per vergee, being at the rate of five pounds per statute acre. The best land, of which the Couture is perhaps the faire: specimen, is much higher, being valued at three pounds to three pounds five shiliugs per vergee." " ILving explained the Guernsey system of landed tenure and its agricultural results, we shall nov allude to the moral influence produced on the in habit 'tilts by this system. One of its first consequences is to raise the standard of virtue—ti inspire the whole population with a manly and independent spirit—and to destroy that cringing adulation and fawning servility, which leases for years have engendered among the tenantry of Eagl sad. All men, no matter to what po litical party they belong, have admitted that the insti tution of property is the basis of civiliza'ion. This principle being admitted sound by universal consent, it follows that whatever contracts its expansion must be vicious, aid that whatever promotes its extension must be nationally beneficial. The bare possession of pro perty on a doubtful tenure is scarcely a good ; it is es sential diva the possession should be secure ; and if security for a term of years be desirable, much more so must it be for permanent enjoyment. Now, the plan of leases for seven, fourteen, or twenty-one years, together with tenancies from year to year, and at will, is bad in principle, itt: these tenures merely convey a temporary interest determinable at a date spe cified ; the working farmer thus becomes a bird of pal sage, without any fixed borne. He may be prudent, in dustrious, and sober—a good father, a good husband, a good neighbour, and a good citizen ; but these virtues avid him nothing ; he lives in a state of agricultural servitude, and, at the expiration of his lease, the caprice or spite of his landlord may expel him from the Widely different is the condition of the Guernseyman. Once possessed of land, he can never lose it, except by his own fault ; he has only to pay the stipulated quar ters of rent, and he continues absolute Lord of the property—he &els i2roud of his position, and the spirit of independence is within him—he is not classed among the locomotive machines of humanity, who, in Great Britain and Ireland, are shifted from county to county, seeking a premrious subsistence from an insolent and grasping squirearchy. No ; he has a solid stake in the country, though it may be small—he can say, with honest pride, This house is mine ; that fi,.ld is mine ; and, when I die, the law will give them to my children.' " This system of tenure prompts to industry, en courages economy, and represses intemperance. A man having paid down in cash one-fourth of the value of the land he holds, is stimulated by the most powerful impulse to redeem the annual quarters, and disengage his estate from the payment of rent. In the eyes of a person so circumstanced, labour loses its repulsive character, for he feels that he is working for himself. He has an object constantly before his mind, which he steadily pursues. The propensity to drunkenness, so fatal to the workin g classes of Great Britain, is counteracted with the Gurnseymen by the desire and the opportunity of acquiring a disencum bered landed property. But the English or Irish la bourer has no such incentive to moral restraint. Far from contemplating even the most remote possibility of becoming the absolute owner of an acre of land, he considers himself eminently fort unate if he can secure regular wages as a labourer. He passes through exist ence only one remove higher than the oxen which he drives at the plough. His feelings are deadened—his mind is bruti&zed—his energies are depressed. Hie life resembles that of a horse in a mill, confined within a circle out of which he can seldom escape. " As a teacher of prudence, the Guernsey tenure be ' comes a powerful auxiliary to the usefulness of savings' banks. Out of this small population, in round numbers 26,000 inhabitants, there are 1,920 depositors, possessing a vested sum of 36,-1654 and upwards. The facility of obtaining a proprietary right of land, without paying down the purchase money, is a strong incentive to early habits of economy. A farm, of course, re quires to be stocked ; and, with the prospect of' future independence before him, a young man will deposit his ~earnings in the savings bank till he has accumulated suf ficient capital to purchase seeds, cattle, and implements of husbandry. It is this hope, or rather, under Pro vidence, it is this certainty, that makes a Guernsey mail that eminently careful, cautious, and far-seeing person that he is ; while, on the other hand, it is fair to conclude that the despair of ail prospective ame lioration in his condition, renders an Irishman impre dent, inconsiderate, and reckless. We may with truth affirm that habits of prudence, economy, moral re straint, and the wisdom of appree!ating in what consists a competency, and the disposition to live within one's income, are virtues indigenous to the soil of Guernsey, and rooted in the national character. Agrarian out rage is unknown ; Slimee is not on record an instance of caachins-breaking,tick-burning, or ham-stringing cattle ; the mass are interested in the preservation of order, for the mass have property, or may acquire it. Institutions, reiecil on justice, need not a soldiery or a police. The citizen and the constable are identified. But in Ireland there are no bonds of sympathy between the 1 indlord and the agricultural labourer ; in most cases ,they never see each other ; the absent propri- I etor regards the tenant as a serf, and the tenant um siders the landlord as a tyrannical usurper thus the standard of morals is reduced to zero." DEATH 02 AN ECCENTRIC CHA- RACTER. On Sunday last, at Walton, near High Ercall, at the advanced a2e of 94, Thomas Light, better known by the sobriquet of " Tommy Light the Conjurer." This eccentric individual had from an early period of his life been a professor of the " mysterious art of Conjuring," which he continued to practice with considerable pecu niary ndvantage to the close of his days. His personal appearance was of no common order, as he always adhered to the peculiar character of dress in fashion about the middle of the last century. A stranger on meeting " Old Tommy" was instantly struck with the excessive originality of his manner and costume ; clad in a light. sky blue " coat of other days" with an extra vagantly lengthened linsey vest with large flaps descend ing over scanty " continuations." This antiquated oracle usually attended the neighbouring markets to render his prophetic advice and assistance to all whom he could find possessed of the two great requisites for the successful development of his mystic craft, viz., faith and money. Among the many eccentric incidents of his life was that of purchasing a wife, who afterwards resided with him until death dissolved the unhallowed bargain. From this time her daughter, by a legitimate husband, superintended his domestic affairs, until at an advanced age she was accidentally burned to death. Some time before his death he gave several considerable sums of money, and has since willed further sums to different parties ; a few days ago, several sovereigns and guineas were found among some old iron in a chest in his dwel ling, and many arc the conjectures that a horde yet re mains to be discovered on the premises he occupied, which consisted of a cottage, orchard, and garden, the property of the Duke of Cleveland. " Old Tommy" was the oldest tenant on his Grace's Ercall Estates.--. Eirc wsbui y Chronicle. MELANCHOLY OCCURRENCE. A very melancholy accident occurred in this neigh hourhood on Monday, which has carried distress into a wide circle of friends and telativeP, and caused a deep and mournful lean among all classes of the commu nity. About six o'clock in the afternoon, Dr. limit Ty;kr, son of the late Alexander Fraser Tytler, of the lion. East India Company's service (who had been on a visit to his uncle, the Sheriff of this county), was in a boat on the river Ness, in company with a young gentleman, Mr. William Fraser, son of Mr. Fraser, of Cubluthel. They were opposite Lady Sal• toun's cottage, where the river is deep and strong, be sides being at present much swollen by the late rain- The boat had got into a strong current, and o'- of the party, feeling that he could not' Dr. Tytler to come to his n' repairing to the sam^ younger ~uid on, c.lllecrto ...ststanee. On the latter part of the boat, his additional a we it to the level of the water, and when they to pull, it immediately filled. Mr. Wm. Fraser contrived to swim or scramble ashore, but Dr. T%tler struggled to regain his place in the boar, being encum , bered with a large and heavy pair of water boots, used iu angling. On making a third attempt, the boat upset, wiight brourrv'' b.fY , -- and the unfortunate gentleman lost his hold, whilst the trail vessel floated with great rapidity down the stream. An alarm was given, and the boat was foetal, keel up permost, a little lower down the river. At the Woollen mill the body of Dr. Tytler was seen in the midst of the water, turning round near the surface, and a man put out in a boat to recover it, but the strength and rapidity of the stream frustrated every effort. Intelligence of the fatal accident soon reached this town, and hundreds of the people repaired to the old bridge, while several expert swimmers entered the river in various directions in their anxiety to recover the body. All their attempts proved un availing, and there is every reason to suppose that the body was carried out to sea. The scene on the banks of the river was strikingly impressive. Crowds of anxious spectators watched the progress of the stream, while the swimmers braved its deep and rapid current, and se• veral men in a boat dragged the waters in fruitless ex pectation. The deceased was about twenty-six years of age, of accomplished talents and amiable disposition. He had studied medicine under Sir Charles Bell, and was distinguished for his knowledge and proficiency. He was the last of his family, the hope of his widowed mother, and many anxious eyes were turned towards his future career, which had opened under such bright a:A favourable auspices. and promised a long life of honour and wefulncss. The sad reality has quenched those anticipations, and is well calculated to.remind us of the uncertain tenure by which all human hopes and happi ness must ever be possessed.—lnverne ss Courier. EXECUTION OF CRIMINALS AT CONSTANTINOPLE. (From the Itranzari Shark.) When a man has been killed, his friends lodge a complaint against the murderer, who is with out loss of time dragged to the mehkcmmay (Court of Justice) of the district or parish where the crime was perpetrated, and an ilam (report) is drawn up stating the particulars of the complaint, on which document he is sent to prison. His trial sub sequently takes place before the Grand Vizir, and it it be proved that he designedly and without sufficient provo cation committed the murder, he is forwarded with the whole details of his case to the Sheikh ul Islam, who gives a fetsah or decree, declaring that an individual convicted of such a crime is by the sacred law con demned to suffer death by decapitation. Should there be any extenuating circumstances, for which the friends of the culprit imagine that due allowance has not been made, they draw up a petition to the Sultan, demanding a new trial. The matter is then submitted to the Supreme Council of Justice (ikledj., leesee ahkiamec adleeya), and if he be again condemned, the heir or next akin of the culprit is questioned as to whether he demands Kussass or Deeyet. Kussass is the law of retaliation, blood for blood. De.e)et is the price of blood, or pecuniary compensation in lieu of it. This is 1,000 drams of silver, or near 300/., which being a large sum, the authorities may, in the event of its being accepted in lieu of the life of the culprit, fix suitable periods for the payment, the culprit remaining in prison until the whole amount is paid. It is seldom taken unless in cases where the deceased has left a young fatnily, for whose support the money is required. If the heir be an adult, he usually spurns the idea of receiving gold as the price of the blood of his father or brother. He consequently insists upon KUSSASS. All these needful preliminaries having been settled and the murderercondernned, the Grand Vizir (or the Sultan, should he have been petitioned on the subject) signs an order for execution of the criminal. This order is sent to the governor of the district, who decrees it over to the djellad bashee (chief executioner), to whom he gives his verbal instructions as to the time and place of execution. The djellad has a vafta (copy of the sentence) drawn out in large legible characters. The time fixed being arrived, he takes with him the order for the ex.ecution, on which the gaoler delivers his prisoner. The djellad is accompanied by several assistants who knock off the chains of the culprit, tie his arms behind hire, and he is immediately marched forth without being informed for what purpose. Thus secured and surrounded, the unhappy man is hurried to the place of execution, which is either where the crime was committed, or near one of the gates of the city, in a thoroughfare, through which thousands arc constantly passing. Arrived there, he is suddenly told to kneel down, and if previously he had any doubts as to his fate, they are now removed. Re sistance would be in vain, all hope has fled, and he does as he is ordered. His eyes are not bound, but he is afraid to look behind him, for there stands the djellad, who has already unsheathed his sword, which is straight, long, very bread, and exceedingly sharp. The execu tioner assumes an attitude, clenches his teeth, and making two or three flourishes with his horrid weapon, he raises his arm so as to bring his hand to his own left ear, and with the edge, close to the hilt, strikes a tee mendoas blow on the left side of ,the neck of his victim just above the shoulders ; this, if well directed, divides the bones at the back of the neck, and is followed by a rapid circulor cut or the sword, so applied that none of the strength of the blow is lost, up to the very end, and the sword near the point passes out on the left side of the neck, not a sound having been heard but the first chop, the hissing of the edge of the sword, and the gurgling of the blood. The head of the culprit rolls silently in the dust, the body drops on the pavement, and all is over, tie whole operation being but the work expending pre - of an instant.lh. hand ; a bungler have, however,udieesr aftercr.bed it as hfoirsubelodw without master dividing the bone, has been known to seize the hair of the head and complete his task as well as he could. If the culprit was a Mussulman the body is laid on its back, the head being placed under the right arm ; otherwise the back is placed uppermost, and the head stationed between the thighs, the face being in both cases turned towards the feet. The yafta is pinned on to the body, which is then left " as a warning to others." It is thus that murderers are executed. A thief or burglar is hanged. His trial and condem• nation take place in dee . form, and th e execut i oners lead him forth to his fa'e in the same way. On reach ing the spot chosen for his death, a rope with a sliding knot is thrown over his neck, an d d rawn pretty c l osely; the other end is passed over a h oo k, b eam, or large nail. The signal being given, two or three of the djeilad's assistants haul upon it, the djellad himself probably as sisting by lilting the culprit off the ground. The proper height havingbeen attained (and very little suffices) the executioner with a thick stick strikes the rope over the head of the culp r i t to t i g h ten i t, and ad justs the knot in a suitable - position. He then pins the yafta on the breast, and the task is complete. He de parts and a guard is teft to prevent any one interfering with the body. The usa - o in either case is, that the corpse shall re main ev„osed for three days, but three days do tact mean. 'l2 hours. In winter they may be 48 hours, and in, summer 24i or 25, at the end of which the odour is already more than sufficiently offensive. I need hardly state that by timing the execution just before the close of one day, and removing the body at the very com mencement of the third day, very little more than 24 hours elapse. A more shocking punishment is reserved far haidoots or highway robbers—viz., impalement, which operation always takes place on a cross road, and is performed as follows !—The pack saddle of a horse is placed on the ground, and rendered finn by being put against a tree, stone, or some other object. This species of saddle has before and behind cross bars, to which are attached the loads. The culprit is put with his face downwards and his neck secured in the fore cross bars. Already stripped of everything but his shirt, whilst he lies in this position the executioner makes a cut with his knife, and applies a strong styptic to prevent the flowing of the blood. The stake, which may be eight or nine feet long, and is sharply pointed at the 'end, is then introduced and beaten out with a heavy mallet uutl it appears through the upper part of the body. Thirteen or fourteen haidoots were impaled at Adrianople some years ago; the stick in one case came out at the back of the neck, in another through the chest, in t...v0 or three through the shoulder, in one through the throat, in one instance through the top of the head. I was assured that every one of the victims had first been strangled, so that there was no suffering afterwards, though the punishment appeared to be so dreadful. People talk of impaled men living for days, and dying only when they drink water, but I have never seln anything of the sort in this country. Formerly, however, they were, without doubt, set upon the stake alive, and I have frequently heard of a case in which a man was at night removed from his stake by his friends, and none of the vitals having been touched , he lived many years was saved by hot tad_ afterwards. He never subsequently stood stra,4ht, where peop l e said that the man however. T his was also t h e c ase at lidrianople, I used, and haidoot kr., being poured into the cavity left by the stake when it was drawn forth, The punishment of i• - • ,, p ,i oni e ti t h as l o ng bet dig, G . entleme : ., merely as 'tad persons of the respectable class era she cl bow-st r i ng .. ...., are now sent to the b 1 hie for life. punistr.":t by strangulation, or what is commonly called death without trial, Their beads, which are removed alter death, are brought which is nothing but a common cord. duly proof that the sentence against them has boon pa e c x h e a c s u f t o e r d n : er b i u . t h i l t d is th now o m w a e n r y of yea:s since . any such execution took place. one whose life b ut f t_h i e cy p 11 " Butting people to lege. The Sult an h• ,we now no such privi first a fair trio " al- • execution of the laws, has ....en in _ 31 should he think he can ' -9 with the right of appe . , ' I should say fewer take _ ..nereby better his casc• rare that are now se . is r sel , 40:, - 6 not exercise it, and every In fine, executions in Turkey p l a ce than in any civilised country in the wor ld , ne i t h e r arc they accompanied by nt any unnecessary crue l ty, —Extracted from unpublished Notes. THE BATHos. it is a most ititvresting " sighs for to see" a younr). 6d3 of viti eyes like a gazelle, lipt the like rubies, teeth of earl whioness, cheeks that have stolen the deep carnation mouth smiled full o f g i nge rbread. it?--American Paper. ~. . . . _ ' deathless rose, and her MARYLEBONE VESTRY. On Saturday the question of the payment of the costs in the late Chancery suit against the vcs!ry by the Tory Association of Wig.nore•street, amounting. to 983/. 15s. 9d., was brought specially under considera tion. Mr. GIB3ON sail that if they considered fora. month they would have to ply all the same. He would there fore move that the amount be raid as soon as the pa rochial funds enabled them to take the step. Mr. SODEN, in seconding the motion, characterized the suit as a barefaced robbery perpetrated by the Tory party. Mr. GOMM thought the least said about it the better. He congratulated the Board on having ❑o more than 1,0001. to pay. It was more likely to have been 1,5001. Mr. BIERS regretted that the loss had not fallen on those who brought the Vestry into Chwicery. The Chancellor had said " that it was a pity they had not something better to lo than to occupy his Court five days hearing nothing." After come further discussion the motion was carriol. ELECTION OF MR. KENSETT TO BE POOR-RATE COL- LECTOR. The ballot for the election of a poor•rate collector in the room of Mr. Clarke, deceased, the emoluments derivable from which office is said to be front 2001. to 3001. per year, commenced at twelve, and closed at one o'clock, and as the latter hour approached the Vestry became crowded by its members. At one o'clock Messrs. Skinner, Joseph, and Sapsford, were appointed scrutineers of the ballot, and retired with the balloting glasses. After the lapse of about a quarter of an hour they returned, and tho state of the poll was decl wed to be as follows :—Mr. Kensett, 79 ; Mr. Wail, 1 ; Mr. Lamb, 1 ; Mr. Day, 1. This announcement was rece:ved with loud cheering. Mr. Gomm then moved that Mr. Kensett be declared duly elected, subject to the Report of a Committee ap pointed to inquire into the eligibility of his sureties. The motion having been seconded and carried, Mr. Kensett was called in and the resolution and the state of the poll read over to him. Mr. KENSETT said he begged to tender his sincere and grateful thanks for the confidence and esteem which hail that day been bestowed upon him by his late colleagues and fellow rate-payers. It was said that the public was an ungrateful master ; he we', never a convert to that opinion, and the position in which he stood that day showed that such a principle was erro neous. They all knew that he had for nine years taken a most active and prominent part in the parochial affairs of that great parish, and consequently had been subji ct to all sorts of animadversion and misrepres'nta. tion. A certain portion of the public press had even through the entire of the present week heaped upon him volumes of abuse and vituperation, but it was gratifying for him to reflect that all the calumnies of that great and powerful engine had not effected him in the opinions of those who knew him, who, protected by e the ballot, had done him the honour of recording their conscientious and ho nest votes in his favour that day. He hoped that (lu ring the nine years he had held a seat in the Vestry his conduct was such as to justify the Board in the selec ton they had made ; and he begged to assure thein that in taking upon himself the office they had been pleased to appoint him to, he should endeavour to do justice to the integrity of the Vestry, and everything for the benefit of his fellow parishioners. He concluded by again thanking the Vestry, and, amidst loud cheering, handed in the names of his securities to the sum of 1,5001. each, which were Mr. James Coxhead, of 278, Regent -street, and Mr. Edward Clements, of Marine place, New Kent-road. HIS CUSTOM ALWAYS OF AN AFTERNOON." (From a French Paper.) Remonier, a journeyman plasterer, was one day sus pended aloft by his rope, and, armed with brush and pail, whitewashing a house front, at the same time re galing his ears with the sound of his own melodious voice. As his work proceeded R.imonier gradually let himself down, 'lntl he soon found himself directly oppo site a first-floor window, which by some accident was left open. No sooner had he arrived at this stage of his descent, than he was startled by a loud scream pro ceeding from the room before him ; Remonier looked in and immediately exclaimed," Good heavens, my wife!" The unfortunate plasterer had caught sight of his own wife, whom a stranger held encircled in his arms in a manner very unpleasant to a hthband's feelings. In an ectasy of rage Remonier sprang into the room, and, without entering into any superfluous explanations, fell upon the crirdnal stranger and furiously belaboured him with his brush. His wife would doubtless have come in for a share of this treatnizmt had she not prudently, and with the swiftness of a deer, made for the door and effected her escape. _ _ _ if,monier having assuaged his fury by exacting an ample account from the inhabitant of the room, made for his home in order to inflict similar chastisement on his faithless spouse. On reaching his house he knocked at the door, which was opened by his wife, whose fea tures exhibited the most nedis:urbed tranquillity as she addressed him, " My dear, why what's the matter ? how heated you look !" " Heated, indeed ! never you mind whether I'm heated ; where have you been to, toll me that ?" " Me ! dear ?" returned the wife with con tinued sang /raid; " why, I have not stirred out all the morning." Not stirred out ! Well, that's a good one, when I saw you just now in a gentleman's arms in the Rue de It Hechette." "Mo ?" " Yes, you." " My dear, you're not well, something unpleasant has happened to you ; what is it ?" " You know well enough ; unpleasant, indeed! but I'd have you before the Magistrate, and you shall answer for your pranks." In consequence of this. scene Remonier soon ap peared on the prisoners' bench at the Police Correc tionelle. The stranger of the fourth flour appeared as plaintiff against him. Reinonier is shocked at his position ; he doubts if there be any justice in France, when he, an injured husband, is dragged to the bar by the very man who dishonoured him. Remonier's wife persisted in affirm ing that she had not been in the stranger's apartment, and that her husband was mistaken when he took the person who was with the plaintiff for her. " This is too much !'' cries Rernonier : " this is a plot, a conspiracy. 01 course I hail no other er.cuso for giving the gentleman a thrashing, if I had not seen him kissing my wife. And what proves that it was her is, that she denies it on purpose that I may be conde►nned." Plaintiff—Come, my good fellow, I'll do you a kind ness. 1 own it was your wife that was with me. ltNnonier—There, he owns it, you see—he owns it. Now, what do you say to that, madam ? Wife—Very well, what of that ? That's no reason ou should raise your voice, and roil your eyes in that way. Remonicr—No reason ! No reason ! Plaintiff—Certainly not. Nor was it tiny reason that you should fall upon me as you did. Rnmonier—What ? Well, 1 never! Why, I ought to have annihilated you. Wife—Not at all. There was no harm in my being with the gentleman. It was perfectly honourable. I am the gentleman's washerwoman, and of course I must bring home his linen. Plaintiff—Of course, that's all. _ _ _ Husband—And you paid your bill with kisses? Wite—The gentleman kissed me, of course ; but it was all perfectly honourable. He always does it. It's a habit with him, and one can't affront a customer. _ Plaintiff—Really it's the last thing in the world I should think of as to behave at all improperly to your good lady. really ! What, then, you only kissed her becaise it's a habit with you ? Plaintiff—Certainly, for no other reason. Husband—Well, if that's all, then, I'm sure I for give you. Pay me for the brush I broke on your back and we'll say no more about it. Plaintiff—Stay, stay, you forget that you are the person accused. Husband—Ah I Oh, well, never mind that. Plaint ff—With all my heart ; I withdraw my com plaint, since you acknowledge your Eel in the wrong. The Tribunal, on considering the circumstinees the case, disn.issed Remonier. SYMPTOMS OF THE VUTURE. Tee mere list of th Administrationand for the present WQ ha . ve nothing more to guide us= - - - gives us but t'mail means of prejudging the fitte.rt. The names are substantlall* the hames which the public has for soni , Fe kit& past been accustomed to associate with Tory politics, and there is nothing very ne.v or striking in the distribution of them, The Duke of Buckingham has been taken Into the Cabinet=-thigh plainly shows, exclaims one class of eommentators, that Sir Robert has bound lilt-itself in ;livery to the 1 indlords. On the oth4r Mid, be has been admitted to one of the least important posts in the Cabinet. He has been lurid froin the independent and commanding position of mouth piece of the landlords by the bait of honour without. authority. He has been silenced and crippled, but appears not to be trusted with re, , l power. Accord ingly, another class of commentators feel confident that Sir Hobert bas out-generalicd the landlords. Our own !tllpression, and it can as yet be nothing more, is that Sir Robert is pl tying the game, here as in Irkland, of giving up useless injustice, and making a bargain with those who cleave to the substance of the iniquity, to rivet it upon us more firmly than ever. In Ireland it is evident that the more " extravagant aad erring spirits" are to be thrown overboard —that is, the foolish rogues, the perverse bigot , ., the advocates of an uncompromising and impracticable tyranny are to , be sacrificed. There is to he no office for the leaders of the Irish party par excellence. " Neither in the class of secon dary officers nor in the Royal Household, is Ireland Lilly represented." So groans the Evening Mail. But on the other hand, it is well understaod, even among, those most closely connected with" the Irish party , ' that this " untairnes" involves no substantial departure from the policy that will alone be approved by that estimable section of bumaiaity. The Standard is sets- tied; an.l with much dignity rebukes the dissatisfi.id and growing malcontents. Mr. O'Conni,Ts strictures on the two leading Irish appoitAments are deserving of attePtion. What he says of Lord Eliot seems to us peculiarly apposite. " Whem are we to have in this country as Lord Lieutenant ? Why, Lord dc Grey, and I find people disposed to praise him very much ; but I s, ill tell you what Lord de Grey is ; he is an arrant Tory— (Groans)—and his mind is so completely given up to Toryism that he really don't think he is doing anything wrong when he professes to be a Tory.—(Groans.) He has no conception of what injury a Tory Goverrl ment would be to this country ; to be sure, he has con nections belonging to that party in Ireland ! for he is brother-in-law to the E Id of lanisithlen—(" Oh, oh!") a very respectable conneefon, no doubt ; but I ask, is it the brother-in-law of the Grand Mister of the Orange men of Fermanagh that they should send over to us as Lord-lieutenant of Ireland ?—(Groans.) This is the boon and favour—this is the mildness and impartiality that we are to get from this New Administration. We get as our Lord Lieutenant a man who will be sur rounded by the Fermanagh Orangemen.—(Groans.) I do not know whether he is connected with Mr. Nixon, the late High Sheriff of Fermanagh.—(Groans.) Some person told me that he was within his connection, but I don't say it from myself; because I don't know it; but this is certain, that the men by whom he will he surrounded will be those who always have been most open in the profession of Orange principles,—(Groins.) What can we expect from his Administration when he is surrounded by such men ? If he were _as pure as virgin gold, and as firm as steel, his connection with that party in the country, and with men imbued with those principles, however respectable in private life they may be (and I admit they are most respectable as private indivi duals) would make it impossible for him to govern this country with satisfaction to the Irish people.—(Cheers.) The next is Lord Eliot, who is to be the new Chief Secretary for Ireland, and I am disposed to speak well of him, for I think if he were free from the tempta tions of the Orange party, be would be an excellent man. He is a man of mild manners and great courtesy, and as well disposed as any man of his party can be.— (Hear.) But he ha 3 no strength of mind, and the consequences are to be dreaded, when we know he will be surrounded at the Castle by the old clique, whose object it will he to misinform him and lead him astray. —( Hear.) No man is so hard to deal with as an honest man under bad influence. if be be a knave himself, he is not so likely to be misled ; but when an honest man is led astra, he will stack to his purpose with the utmost tenacity. Therefore let Lord Eliot he surrounded with hail advisers, and he is the man for hid advisers to play their game with.—( Hear.") —Tablet. THE IZ UINS OF COPAN. (From Stephens's Central America.) " Since the discovery of these ruined cities, the pre vailing theory has been, that they belonged to a race long anterior to that which inhabited the country at the time of the Spanish conquest. With regard to Copan, mention is made by the early Spanish historians of a place of that name, situated in the same region of coun try in which these ruins are found, which then existed as an inhabited city, and offered a formidable resistance to the Spanish arms, though there are circumstances which seem to indicate that the city referred to was in ferior in strength and solidity of construction, and of more modern origin. • " The wall was of cut stone, well laid, and in a good state of preservation. We ascended by large atone steps, in some places perfect, and in others thrown down by trees which bad grown up between the crevices, and reached a terrace, the form of which it was impossible to make out, from the density of the forest in which it was enveloped. Our guide cleared a way with his machete, and we passed, as it lay half buried in the earth, a large fragment of stone elaborately sculptured, aid came to the angle of a structure with stcpa on the sides, in form and appearance, so far as the trees would enable us to make it out, like the sides of a pyramid. Diverging from the base, and working our way through I the thick woods, we came upon a square stone column, about fourteen feet high and three feet on each side, sculptured in very bold relief, and on all four of the sides, from the base ta the top. The front was the figure of a man curiously and richly dressed, and the face, evidently a portrait, solemn, stern, and well fitted to excite terror. The back was of a different design, unlike anything we had ever seen before, and the sides were covered with hieroglyphics. This our guide callod an " Idol ;" and before it, at a distance of three feet, was a large block of stone, also sculptured with figures and emblematical devices, which he called an altar. The sight of this unexpected monument put at rest at once and for ever in our minds all uncertainty in regard to the character of American antiquities, and gave us the assurance that the objects we were in search of were interesting, not only as the remains of an un known people, but as works of art, proving, Ike newly-discovered historical records, that the people who once occupied the continent of America were not savages. With an interest perhaps stronger than we had ever felt in wandering among the ruins of Egypt, we followed our guide, who, sometimes missing his way, with a constant and vigorous use of his machete, conducted us through the thick forest, among half buried fragments, to fourteen monuments of the same character and appearance ; some with more elegant designs, and some in workmanship equal to the finest monuments of the Egyptians ; one displaced from its pedestal by enormous roots ; another locked in the close embrace of branches of trees, and almost lifted out of the earth ; another hurled to the ground, arid bound down by huge vines and creepers ; and one stand ing with its altar before it, in a grove of trees which grew around it, seemingly to shade and shroud it as a sacred thing ; in the solemn stillness of the woods, it seemed a divinity mourning over a fallen people. The only sounds that disturbed the quiet of this buried city were the noise of monkeys moving among the tops of the trees, and the cracking of dry branches broken by their weight. They moved over our heads in long and swift processions, forty or fifty at a time ; some with little ones wound in their long arms, walking out to the I end of boughs, and holding on with their hind feet or a curl of the tail, sprang to a branch of the next tree, and, with a noise like a current of wind, passed on into the deptl sof the forest. It was the first time we had , seen these mockeries of humanity, and, with the strange monuments around us, they seemed like wandering spirits of the departed race guarding the ruins of their former habitations. " We returned to the base of the pyramidal struc ture, and ascended by regular stone steps, in some places forced apart by bushes and saplings, and in others thrown down by the growth of large trees, while some remain entire. In parts they were ornamented with sculptured figures, and rows of death's heads. Climb ing over the rained top, we reached a terrace over grown with trees, and, cross i ng it, d escen d e d by stony stepsinto an area so covered with trees, that at first we could not make out its form, but which, on clearing the way with the machete, we ascertairied to be a square, and with steps on all sides, almost as perfect as those of the Roman Amphitheatre. The steps were orna mented with sculpture, and on the south side, about half way up, forced out of its place by roots, was a colossal head, evidently a portrait. We ascended these steps, and reached a broad terrace 100 feet high, over looking the river, and supported by the wall which we had seen from the opposite bank. The whole terrace was covered with trees, and even at this height from ' the ground were two gigantic ceibas, or wild cotton trees of India, above 20 feet in circumference, extending • their half naked roots 50 or 100 feet around, binding down the ruins, and shading thew with their wide- spreading Lrinehes, We sat down on the very edge '0! the wall, and strove in vain to penetrate the mystery by which we were surrounded. Who were the people that built this city ? In the ruined cities of Egypt, ' even in the long lost Petra, the stranger knows the story of the people whose vestiges are around him. America, say historians, was peopled by savages ; but ' s.vages never reared these structures--savages never carved these stones. We asked the Indians who made them, and their dull answer was, F Quien sabe ' Who knows ?' a 11(t) r r k l Y t o b f elin be tween orliin g9ooafnd3o Wednesday, 4 t o ut in one of the pilot sloops upon a water persons ro o s , At noon time, whilst at ebb tyitle'xc i ur e sior s t w o a u s , the Ist off the sand which is situated between 'tthell‘Nehi7ing and Thie beacons, about ten miles down channel from the tow i , 12, oe 14 of the party proceeded in a boat from the vessel to the sand to look the cockles, when, after having walked l of a ' s lt their • l a l. b ,a o s ut pr s ( c ) ) p m o e se l d i i t t t o le b ti t i t n h e e, upon the dry p art of the sand, it clothes, and went to a‘pulled v slightly covered with water. Here they walked some when art or all the but scrod ()n e distance, the water not reaching higher than their knees. waists, or arm pit s , when suddenly and un.iwares, several of them stepped over a steep precipice into deep water, and instantly plunged out of their de p th. Three were unfortunately drowned, namely , John Stevenson, R o bert Towler, and Robert Scott. Stevenson was a leather cutter, an d occupied a sho p in High-street, near the Tuesday Market -place ;he was 35 years of age, and h as left a disconsolate widow and four small children. The other two were young men unmarried, Towler being 23 years of age, and Scott about 17. The body of Robert Scott has not yet been found, though daily search has been made for it ever since the fatal catastrophe._ rfcri Chronicle. A n INTRUDER, —A curious circumstance oc• ) curre d in the stables of Sir John Hall, at the ba c k o f the Crescent , Minori es :—A fish-salesman, of th e name of Ford, resid in g at Billingsgate, keeps a gig -h o r se u p t h e mews, near the stables of Sir John. Whilst the horse was exercising by his boy, it took a sudden liking to the neighbouring premises, walked up the staircase to the coachman's apartments, and turned short round through a door into the hayloft, with the boy on his back, where he remained several hours, whilst means were devising to endeavour to remove him, and which was found to be no casy matter. Fortunately no injury was done, and the descent was at length accomplished by means of planks, with cross step-bars, from the win dow of the loft. The only candidate at present for the North Riding of Yorkshire is the Hon. 0. Dtmcombe. The election is fixed fur the 6th inst. —Stockport Advertiser. 113 ans. reAg a LO a .1. to s :39 V. 3,i .23 s. d. s. d. Oil 40, 0 0 4il 4 0 441 S. to S. 1.0 z 0 s. (I. S. (I. 00 23' 00 3 (II 26 301 S. to r•. 41? s . d . s. d 5 6 00 50 5S 56 60 9 $ 17 6 0 0 10 96 110, 9 0 11 6 h 665. to 655. 655. to this. 565, to Ms. 65,. to 705. F2s. to 65!. 675. to 635. 30s. to 335. :1113. to 31s. 275. to —s. `175. to 3Cs. Beans, New - Old s• ' II u 110 6 V nd I _ 9 0 i q 9 0 II 98OU In Oats, I'otato Poland to 2 4 8. an!g3s, Wrintdang and Sinai! -- e 1 7 i n g Malt -7 : 1 . 2. to 2 :° E, e t? 3 0 9: d 1° . 'P p . T7 5 :7; 4 . :395. fine 4ls. pc. Lss t Rapcsved ..4 Os 341. (is. 061. Olt• pet NEWCASTLE CORN EXCHANGE. Red. Whitt Wheat, Northunikerland Norfolk and Sudolk Os. 6Sa 6.N., 72 :. ---- Berwick anal Scotch 62a. 6is ..... --, I ' S ' . Foreign 6O;. 6.`.5...... 64, 6 1 h Rye, Norfolk And Sutton: --..."' Foreign '14a.:',8; Barley, Matting. Norfoik and Stulbik... 31, 40a Grinding and Feeding . 31s. Z. 65. ..... -- 9 5" - __: * Malt, Norfolk end 5u11'01k....... ..... sis f;42 .. -'s• ' r' all Beans, Sr 445. Vi 5....... --** - " .4. .i - Lek ......„ 4:s. 445 -.5. -.4. ?vase, Viihite 3-ls 405 . ... ...ILI' Gray . . 31s 535. --S."' Oats, Northumberland, Potatoe tAl. tMe ....5.- . 4* ---- Food ii orcign Flour (per sack) 5 9 ,. 55, - S. SCOTCH .11ARK - ETS. ----"<, Wheat. Barley. Oat 3. Beans._ -- .hcrdeen ... 60 to 70 27 to 28 21 to . .:5_- to — 3" $l l Si Berwick 45 5 i 22 2'5 18 20 30 33 g o , .7ohlstream Cupar (Fife) 48 65 26 31 18 22 22 26 1 ' Dunbar 54 435 25 28 121 24 37 38 i!' Elgin - - ..s. ~• Inverness Kelso ......_ 43 5,i 24 27 !7 20 30 32 " 4 ; ' Kirlialdy Perth • Thu size of the measure varies throughout the cot/ 8 "' H A DDINGFON CORN MARKET. te't Wheat. fkirley. Oats. lie sill; o p — First F6, 01 :34.•64 2f.s 04 44s Od 1 40 Second 7B. Od 3.5 s 04 25s 01 43 , Od I :79P third Os Od 30; 04 20s Od 42s Od Average 3l. 16s, 11.1 4.l2ths. • . • DALKEITH CORN MARKET. 0 Wheat. Barmy. 1 Oats. I Pease. 40 `011 _,, . r fi rst B7s lu 39s 0,1 : 26s ed 40. Od o f FP,. Second 72s Od :14s rd 1 ...36 44 4 1 s Od _ A , Third 6os Od 28; 04 Ibs 01 I—t 62 '''' GLASGOW CORN Mt RKET. 11 Wheat, per 240114 s. d. s.d. Oats, per 2641 b. 41 6 . 09 1 , 0 6ritish, old 3116 to 30 0 t'-" h li p ...--- new .0 Canada, free — 0 0 Beans, per 2601 b. n rip Irish Barley, per 3201 b Scottish 22° f English ol 4 If 29 0 20 6 Pease, Scottish ..... -- • 0 Scottish . ~,, A 25 0 28 0 Oatmeal,per 1:91h.... II 'a V Irish .....................I e MOTTOES OF MINISTERS.—The Dit c ,, e ; Buckingham exclaims, on taking his seat, " ' T v quart &lean," Anylice, " High prices, how deliglit'a - Or The Earl of Ripon, with that credulity which led t jai bett to call him " Prosperity Robinson," declares 't Foy est tout—" Faith's every thing." Lord Lyndll, set " Ultra Pergere," may be Englished by the el foe phrases, " Push along," or " Go a-head," or, p er better still, by "Go the whole hog." Lord Srline motto is peculiarly appropriated to his Lordship's P r , 0 ,,0" and past position, " Sans changer,"—" Without eP o iet ing !" Ireland has justly been regarded as a great br e t he a-head of a Tory Ministry ; and we may imagin e tea Tory Lord Lieutenant (Earl de Grey), when a httl r e bit sanguine perhaps, exclaiming in the language 0 , by; family motto," " Faith's everything," being gentif tot sadly rebuked by his Secretary (Lord Eliot) i n b e s: sighing his own too prophetic motto, " Occurrent tal . 0 4 Ah, my Lord, but deals will come." If suchil l 2oo and modified rejoicings are in the Cabinet, the joy woo new household troops is without any such alloy. ( 0, Lord Chamberlain (Earl Delawarre) by his 133- it4 " Jour de nut Vie," has declared that it was the log t he day of his life on which he became major domo; In t tth Lord Steward (the Earl of Liverpool), in his 1:12 ,e0 " Palma, non sine pulvere," says as plainly as tong n :botsr wits raising " I have got the Stewardship, but not " raising a dust about it."—Manchester Guardian. • NOVEL MEANS OF OBTAINING MOkillijog A woman of rather shabby appearance has been ° dee at several lodging-houses in this city of late, and 0 0 , vouring to draw upon the charity of the lodgers, by rather ingenious device. First of all, by some sntt 0 4 logue as the following with the landlady - or ser f gert the door, she contrives to learn the name of the. v oull - and the place from whence he conies :—" his young man staying with you ?" " Yes." " 10 4 ', ; ;, 0 name, if you please ? I think this was the direc ts got, but I have forgotten the name." The naive 'qv course given, and then, as it to be more assured is the person of whom she is in search, she quires where he collies from. If it turn out that, t at' from the country, she immediately requests an 1- betp view. She then informs the gentleman that she has,. to sent by " Jean Cairns," an old servant of his fathell'or request a little assistance. " Poor Jean has been giber ried"—" has three children"—quite a reasonable i l . l/1 14 —" is anxious to get to Cupar"—" one shilling' roil be suificient"—and so forth. Of course. the gente g informs her that he never heard of Jean 'Cairns ; ill is assured that it was a long time ago she served his tot, polite') d and if home recollections thus called up soften his hebe a vague remembrance of a Jean whose second nate& never knew, but who perhaps attended him in chil uu o o flash upon his mind, it is ten to one but he enr.nriai with the request. Not having heard the previous en',', 7 1 ,01 with his unsuspecting landlady, he says to himself' fr o, could this woman know my name or where I come e pt if her story was a fabrication," and the next Ine l :ea his hand is in his pocket. We beg to warn yourige4lll residing in lodgings, that " Jean Cairns" has S ea great many of their fathers.—Scotsman. CURIOUS CIRCUMSTANCE.—During the tib e and present summer, a number of flagstones an flagged path way in front of the post-office, Dr' s ae' have been almost daily risen from their beds by of mushroom or fungi species growing:underneath or Notwithstanding some of these flagstones are of b or a siderable weight, and are fast wedged in with 1.01 adjoining, they are frequently elevated by the PI,: f el the growing mushroom to the height 'of two 00041. inches above the level of the road. One of these ¶ tle! rooms lately sprung up between the wall an - 1 0 6 door-post of the shop of Mr. \Vhite, cabinet-mak er ', forced the wood-work conside-ably out of its P l3 ' York Courant. 1, ag e ; ORANGEISM IN LIVERPOOL —Orange - ( 0 ,11 have been formed in Liverpool. The following,aroevroo of their watch words :—" Whence came you t 0 00 Egypt." I did not hear the next, but the ansWer The " Canaan. We have been too long in bondor did Lord will deliver us." " Popery is falling.' friends are rising."—Cork Southern Reporter. ENORMOUS TROUT.—There was caub- . 0 to, one of Messrs. Dickson and Co.'s fishing stations 1 , 4 or Tweed, a salmon trout of the extraordinary weig.soo nineteen and a quarter pounds ; it measures this*:i bid inches in length, and twenty in girth. — E dit fa Courant. Wa tA THE PoET.—I never see a poet yet that , 6 be as poor as Job's turkey, or a church mouse ; or d b , poet that her shoes didn't go down to heel, 0 . 0 - stockin's looked as if they wanted darnin', for 1 , 1 ,0 hi cry and little wool with poets, as the devil said Iv" sheared his hogs.—Sons SILVER WATCHES, LONDON-AAOI - B. SAVORY and SONS, Watchmakers, No. 9,Corighte'iloo don (opposhe the Bank of England), submit for o°,oolo very large STOCK of SILVER WATCHES, the of which are made and finished under the careful iaap tt hheas:j,deaiaereildnieeditiedeidodUble. backed cases, 6 perienced workmen on their own premises, sod' eaeh for correct performance. double-backeri h th ardenam elied 4 Fi e n n e r V i n e e r!! cal e N d Va c t a c s h e e s s ; Fi ndeial, N w re it r h tic s a e l co VV n ' d a , m , warranted ................ Patent detached Lever Watches, capped, jewelled in four holes, hard enamelled dial, with seconds' hand and double-backed engine-turned cases, 6 11 , warranted ........ r Either of the above in sil ver h unt i n caseslos. A large variety of Second-h an d Sil ve g r Watches, whi c- eacl / 7 been carefully examined, and can be warranted, at 2/. Second-hand W a t c h es p urc h ase d in excha n g e - • BIRTH. sow On the 10th inst., :it Lower Clapton, Mrs. Bot____2t22,•---s. 1 a. R .y R i e / b E O r t..: On the Bth inst., at St ill :A -1 We lli r iN o i per, Esq., of Welbeck-street, Gaveridis,h-quare, to of arienne, daughter of the late Charles Hillyard, sti," Upper Clanton. F .. e rshe: On the 9th inst., at St. Nicholas's Church, F-vien 7 1 00 0— Esq., of Brighton, to Elizabeth, eldest daughter °' *Church, Williattt ods; Goodall, Esq., of Brighton f f t ; On the 9th inst., at Darlington, Robert, eldest t:ord. Barclay, Esq., of Le ton, in Essex, to Eliza, daugh''''. of Backhouse, Esq., of Darlington. 0 tite r ' On the 10th inst., at St. Pancras, Mr. James x-uoungitit Sithnouth-strcet, Regent-square, to Henrietta, Y daughter of William Kilibe Esq., Lime-street, City; , s top On the 11th init., at All Saints, Poplar, John Lilarreot Craigie, Esq., of Finsbury-place South, to Georgina daughter of the late Captain Georg e Dou g las. 0 04 On the 1 Rh inst., at St. Ge or g e's, Hanover-squar e ' o f . 0 6 Francis Earle, Esq., to Henrietta, youngest daughler .. 11; late Sirteorge Dallas, Bart. , n gr . On the 111 h in t.. at St. Mary's, Stoke-Nevving".c .-- ,•„r oo' • Simkin, of Upper Islingt o n , t o L u c y , youngest clang"— Huxley, of Newington-green, Esq. DID. In Bedford - sq u a re, in her third year, Katherine 111IP.:, youngest daughter of Major Ward, 48th Regiment illiena . To ter , On the V. l ost., at. Corvton-park, Devon, Regiment porsetoi Esq., for many years an active magistrate for Devoe a r n iw i t igt O n the 2d inst., at Tralee, Captain Henry H''''cutoieg. the 90th Light Infantry , eldest son of the late General 0' • pit° On the Bth inst., at. Prospect-place, Greenwich, An of Mr. Charles Clark, aged 70 the la 0.1 the 9th inst., at Aberystwith, Maria, relict of Charles Simpson, Esq., of Lichfield. of On Th e I t a h t e e 5 1° Ir th . Charle s • o f OVI sIG ' il - inst., s ß e r h i i x o t t o e n i. , Stanley Archibald, 01114°1 . London : Printed and Published by 1411.3RD0 - c 0 4, : No. 112, Strand, at The Sun Office, No. lit 4 4 1. the consty of Middlegia, Monday, Neptelobir 3 0 ' EVENING St 71 4T THE MAR KET S N MARKETS• COUN T F Y COU 1 \Vile:a, Barley, oat 3. Quarter.! (. to $. ; ileiham (B 8; Norpeth ti4 fR '7O NV inch est r 731 Per Bushel.; s.d. s.d. Carmarthen ! o '7 8 c ! "owbri.:ge., !7 9 8 0 iwansea !7 6 6 4 Per 8011. ! Barnardcastl 15 Ourhinn 1"; Richmond lO 6 4 76; 6 0 10 01 60 70 :011.N Al A ...... -F. A 2.2 01 8 0 9 3 Ai 8 0 90 O ?2 S 0 90 O 19 61 9 0 9l! WAKEFIELD Wocat, Red, Norfolk and Suflhli, -- Lin. and Cain - --- Yorkshire - w hite ------ Foreign, tied —s. White Barley, N- orfolk 'isi Su!!': 1k • Lincoinshire Yori:shire Wold Foreign Stockton IJ -B. -f. As throul, by hoc Offi(T at the her nu don o and or it past Far 10d. ; Wax, 2s. 3d Alottl bet ; , phor, Spero For St. N Tit un " it A . will n the ur. The chute] in the Sunda one), tion it Ofii from Dai 11; Dai Past _ - Sul i past Sup put Fax under Th( to set SI irnpar RAIL thos Q tished yeller ; of th, media for th Api requir where obtain TELL enabb before Town tendal compl appoil anti h; ;most Puhli Tip Term arrivii Ail out tt purch to th eircul No Medi, letter Bri TO Duch recur order r iyci t nt! t head that all S. h a mak rny, ,