The Sun. — London, England, 1841-04-19 00:00:00

BOARD OF GREEN CLOTH, ST. JAMES'S PALACE, April 16, 1841. Notice is hereby given—That the Carriages corning to her Majesty's Drawing-room on Thursday, the 22d of April, are to fall into the line at the top of St. James's-street, come down the left-hand side, and enter at the iron-gate nearest to the Palace, set down at the Arcade, return by the iron-gate near est to Marlborough House, and pass through Pall Mall into St. James's-Nome, by George-street. When called, they are to pass from. St. James's-square, by Charles-street, into Re. gent-street, Jermyn-street, come down St. James's-street as before, take up, and go away through Pall Mall. •No Hackney Carriages will be permitted to come within 111ze gates. For all persons having the Privilege of the Entree, Tickets will be delivered at the Board of Green Cloth, on TUESDAY neat, between the Hours of Eleven and Three o'Clock : their Carriages are to enter the Gate at Constitution Hill, proceed down St. James's Park, through Stable-yard, into the Ambas sadors'-court, set down, and go out into Cleveland-row. The Carriages of the Ambassadors, Foreign Ministers, Cabinet Ministers, and Great Officers of State, may afterwards wait in the Ambassadors' -court, and those of all other persons having the Entree may wait in Stable-yard, or St. James's Park, till called ; they are then to take up in the same order as they had set down, and pass away up the left-hand side of St. James's street. No Carria ge w ill b e a d m itt e d w ith C om pany a second time with the same Ticket ; to prevent which, it must be produced at Constitution Hill Gate, and Stable-yard Gate also, where a corner of it will be torn off by the Marshalincn in attendance ; and no person can be allowed the Privilege of the Entree by any other approach to the Palace than the Gates last mentioned. ERROLL, Lord Steward. Just ready, in 3 vols. post Bvo., THE MARRYING MAN A NOVEL. By the Author of " Cousin Geoffrey," &c. Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street. THEATRE ROYAL, COVENT GARDEN. UNiDER the MANAGEMENT of MADAME VESTUIS THIS EVENING, APRIL 19, _ _ Will be repeated the New Comedy, in rive Acts, entitled LONDON ASSURANCE. Sir Harcourt Courtly, Bart., Mr. W. Farren ; Max Hark away, Mr. Bartley; Mr. Charles Courtly, Mr. Anderson ; Mr. Adolphus Spanker, Mr. Keeley; Mr. Dazzle, Mr. C. MAthews; Mark Meddle, Mr. Harley ; Grace Harkaway, Madame Vestris; Lady Gay Spanker, Mrs. Nisbett ; Mrs. Pert, Mrs. Humbv. After wbieh a ill be repeated, the Grand Romantic Fairy Ex. travaganza, entitled BEAUTY AND THE BEAST. Beauty, Madame Vestris : The Beast, Mr. W. Harrison John Quill, Mr. Harley ; Dressalinda, Miss Rainforth ; Mar. ryFolda, Miss Grant ; Queen of the Roses, Miss Lee. I'o-morrow, Lcndon Assurance, with Beauty and the Beast Doors to t e oralett at half-past Six—the performances to commence at Seven o'Clock. Dre.s Boxes, 7s. ; Second Price, 3s. 6d.; First and Second ircles, ss. ; Second Price, 2s. 6d. ; Pit, 3s. ; Second Price. 2 , .; Gallery Is. Tickets an.f places for the Boxes to be taken of Mr. Grogan at the Box-office, from Ten till Four, where Season Tickets ally oe had upon application. Private Boat, to be had so'ely of Mr. Andress, bookseller, 167. New Bond-street. ROYAL SURREY THEATRE. UNDER THE MANAGEMENT OF MR. DAVIDGE AND MR. WILLIS JONES. Second Week of the Engagement of Mr. 0. Smith and Mr. .1. S. Palls. Pre-eminent succes of all the New Pieces, supported by the most powerful Company in London. "THIS EVENING, APRIL 19, Will be acted the New Legendary Drama, entitled TOM MOORE OF FLEET-STREET• OR, THE STARLING OF THE OLD SALOUPE HOUSE. Tom Moore, Mr..l. S. Balls ; Wilhelm Stint, Mr. 0. Smith. • After whirl], the Spectacle of Diablerie, called APOLLYON, THE GREAT FIEND ; OR, THE LOVE TOKEN. Apol!yon ' Mr. 0. Smith. To conclude with the New Farce, entitled THE UNIFORM; OR, TWO MEN AND ONE COAT. Characters by Messrs. J. S. Ballf, J. T. Haines, Neville, Buckingham, Heslop, Mrs. H. Hughes, Mrs. W. Daly, &c. Entirely New Scenery and Dresses for all Three Pieces. " THE CHINA SUN," REI)UBLISHED A FEW DAYS AGO, IS NOW ON SALE, With all the LATEST NEWS. TH ERAILWAY SUN WILL B 1 PUBLISHED TOWARDS THE END OF THIS MONTH. HIOII WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE THIS SAY. k1i.rning......30 =altos after U 1 Evening 12 minutes altar 0 LONDON: MONDAY, APRIL 19, 1841. The election for Nottingham excites much public interest, and we sympathise with the public. The two candidates at present in the rield are Mr. LARPENT, the active partner in one of our most eminent houses in the East India trade and Chairman of the East India and China Association, and Mr. WALTER, the proprietor of the Times. Against the latter we have no pre judices. We are bound, both by duty and incli nation, to support the interests of the press against any other interest. We have lately read in the eloquent pages of Mr. CARLYLE, though cer tainly we have not learnt from him, that the press is the true Church and the members of the press the true pr;:. , stliood of modern times. We be lieve, too, with him, that he who expresses tle public feelings, or has a voice to make the public wants known, is one of the true rulers of society. We further agree with him, that these true guides and rulers of society must find their proper place in its councils, and must be honoured according to their value. We hate of late, too, seen and heard so much of re spectable men in the City —men in great credit —who are in the habit of speaking of public writers with great contempt, who often strut, it .appears, in borrowed plumage, and turn out, in the long run, to be the most callow, chattering claws possible,--that we have rot the slightest regard or affection for your great City merchants. We have every personal and professional reason, provided the principles of these gentlemen be similar, to prefer Mr. WALTER to Mr. LARPENT; awl our duty to the public rides paramount over our inclinations, and compels us to stibject the principles on which these gentlemen offer them selves to public support, to rigid examination, before we conclude that one has a better claim than the other to the support of the electors of .ffottinghant. What, then, are the principles of Mr. LAR- PrNY? He offers himself as an independent man, .and he goes to the electors of Nottingham with the certificates of Mr. MORRISON, Mr. LEAr, and Mr. TRAVERS, that he is as worthy a man as is to be found in the. City of London. Great is the I!onour of .being recommended by a inaL , 's neighbours, who know him. Being an in deper.dent man—not a no m i nee o f t h e Govern ment—Xr. LARPENT is, an d h as b een, t h e steady tmd consistent friend of free trade. He offers himself to th e const i tuency of Nottingham as tlle advocate of the principles of the abolition of the Corn -1 aws. lie denounced those laws as pernicious, and very properly attributed all the evil suffered under the 'New 'Poor-law to the existence of the law against the free importation of food. To throw men on their own resources, and then to dry up those resources, he properly. condemned. Recommended by the most co nspicuous advo et,. tes of Reform in the metropolis, Mr. LAR pyaVT offers himselfto the electors of Nottingham as the opponent of the Corn-laws and the friend of free trade. On what principles does Mr. WALTER offer bit:welt'? We cannot separate him from the Times. As the owner of Bearwood, ex-Member for Berkshire, and defeated candidate for South wark, wilat possible claim can he have on the .electors of Nottingham None. He goes thither ft .; the proprietor of the Times, and he claims s upport exclusively on that ground. He is no thing, as a public man, but the owner and di rector of the Times, and we must try him by the pl:incipl2s of that Journal. It has of late been much distinguished by its opposition to the New Poor-law. Scarcely a day for several years that it h as no t as sailed that has passe Accordingly it to ld us on Satur day that Mr, 'WALTER was pre-emine n tly th e friend of the pou.r. He is brought forward as the opponent of the New Poor-law. lie s t an d s on the pauper interest, a nd asks that t o p l ace him in Parliament. If this were all. w e should have. little to sa y against Mr. WALTER. But he opposes a de clared. advocate of free trade, and an opponent of the Corn-laws. Mr. WALTER, then, is of op posite principles. He is an opponent of free trade, and the friend of the Corn-laws. He is the advocate of the pauper, and the landed pro- Trietor ; the supporter of the idle, the profligate, amid the bread -taxers against the industrious ..lasses. H e goes to Nottingham the advocate of )N cb L;., , €"; ,„, „.. . Ott :gnu. those onerous restrictions by which the trade of Nottingham has been ruined. The electors of Nottingham will not, we are sure, suicidally elect a man who is the enemy of their dearest interest. But we have said that Mr. WALTER, as a public man, is nothing separate from the Times. What, then, has been the conduct of that journal, in reference to the great question of free trade and the abolition of the Corn-laws, on which the prosperity of Nottingham depends ? It knows that the Corn-laws are an iniquitous evil. For years it took pains to demonstrate that. It knows that restrictions on trade are the curse of the country. It once advocated all that is liberal in commercial legislation. But, of late, the Times has been regularly pledged to the Tories. It has been a thorough party journal; and the bulk of the landed gentlemen, and the bulk of the monopolists, are necessarily Tories, — for Tory, monopolist, and bread-taxer, all signify the same thing. It has accordingly ceased to say anything against the bread-tax, or in favour of the principles of free trade. At least it has not evinced any zeal in advocating a cause which it knows is most righteous. It has not been merely an opponent of Corn-law abolition and free trade—it has been a traitor to that cause. It professed noble and just principles, but it has betrayed them. Mr. WALTER cannot be separated from the Times, and the Times is an apostate from truth and righteousness, and a traitor to the cause of the people and of freedom. To elect Mr. WALTER as the representative of the Times is to give a triumph to all that is dis honest, and ought to be despicable in politics. We value principle more than we value our craft, and much as we desire to see the press honoured, we hope never to see it honoured in the treacherous and apostate Times. We do not join an Evening Contemporary in condemning Mr. WALTER for seeking the support of the Chartists, but we must seriously condemn any Chartist who supports Mr. WALTER. No journal has been more bitter in reviling and stigmatizing the Chartists than the Times, and to support Mr. WALTER is to support their bit terest enemy. No other journal has so signalized itself by vehement religious intolerance—no jour nal has been so forward in ridiculing political dissenters and in putting down freedom of reli gious discussion. It is the friend of Church-rates, and the foe of democracy. It has latterly become the parsons' journal, and has even lent its pages to advocate faith in the priests as far superior to knowledge in guiding the affairs of the world. It upheld Catholicus, who censured Sir ROBERT PEEL for supporting education. If Mr. WALTER is to carry out in Parliament the principles latterly espoused by the Times he must be the opponent of the progress of knowledge and the advocate of Church extension. The conduct of the Times must endear that journal and Mr. WALTER to the squires and the parsons, and to them, we submit, should be con signed the duty of bestowing on him ho nours and rewards. For Chartists and Dis senters to vote for the representative of a Tory journal, is to strike down all the principles they hold dear. That Mr. WALTER should en deavour to slink into the representation of Not tingham under a Chartist cloak may be suitable to the character of the journal he represents but he must be a base Chartist who lends a cloak to Mr. WALTER. The letter of Sir THOMAS COCHRANE, which we publish from the Ipswich Express, is as com plete an exposure of the means by which many Tories have been returned to Parliament as could possibly be desired. Sir THOMAS was offered the representation for a certain sum, and he paid that sum before he left London. After he had been elected a further demand was made oil him through the instrumentality of Mr. FITZROY KELLY, who had guaranteed him the seat fora cer tain sum, which the Gallant Officer paid. Subse quently Mr. KELLY communicated to Sir THOMAS COCHRANE, that there were 2,0001. out-standing debts for previous political occur rences; and, for the sake of the Conserva tives, these must be liquidated. Mr. KELLY agreed to pay 1,0001., but the Gallant Officer reso lutely refused to be plucked any further. He did, however, afterwards, on a demand being made for 5001., express his willingness to con cede to it, if it would secure the future support of the Conservatives of Ipswich; but that not meeting the views of the electors, the Gallant Officer announced his intention of dissolving his political connection with Ipswich. We hope, for the honour of Sir T. COCHRANE, for the honour of Mr. F. KELLY, and for the honour of the electors of Ipswich, that this letter is a forgery. if it be not, it reflects in delible disgrace on all the parties concerned. It may be customary to get into Parliament by bribery, and one party may bribe as much as the other; we exonerate neither; but this letter is an open avowal that seats in Parliament, and of course the liberties of the country, are bought and sold by venal electors and corrupt men of wealth. We do not know how. the House of Commons, for its own credit sake, can refuse to make an inquiry into the subject, and we are sure that the Gallant Officer will not again take his seat in the House without some honest Member asking whether he acknowledge the statements of that letter, or whether it be a forgery. It will be noticed that Mr. FITZROY KELLY is represented by the letter as the negotiator of the bargain. He it is, too, who represents to the Gallant Officer that the electors of Ipswich are not satisfied; and on his statement mainly rests the proof of their corruption. He is described as the author of the terrible imputations against his own constituency. If that letter be true, can Mr. FITZROY KELLY face the gentlemen of the House of Commons, and face the public ? If it be not a forgery, he admits that he sits in the House by bribery, and as the representa tive of electors who have sold their votes. If that letter be not a forgery, Sir THOMAS Coml.- RANE is in the same position, and the profession he belongs to, on which lustre has been shed by the name he bears, assures us that he never again will resume his seat in the House of Commons. It may not be thought advisable to give the venal electors of Ipswich another bribe by a new election, but the least the public will expect is, as probably Ipswich cannot be immediately disfranchised, that neither of the nominal representatives of that borough should again presume to vote, or take any part in the proceedings of the House of Commons. But the exposure is peculiarly valuable as an index to the practices in other bo roughs. Walsall, St. Albans, and Canterbury, have all lately been accused of bribery. Who will now believe, whatever may be the verdict of Committees of the House of Commons, that bribery was not practised h those cases? And what is the important general deduction? Why that a great number of Members of the House of Commons, at least of those who sit for small boroughs, are returned by similar means. The 11'orwich iirercury, apropos of the .cases we h av e just alluded to, refers to the elections for iel that borough, a nd shows that, since 1832, t Tories have carried Norwich by bribery. H ere, then, we have, to the disgrace of the country-- equally dishonouring the electors and those whom they elect—the House of Commons, under the Reform Act, founded on bribery. As no persons poorer than 101. householders can now vote, and as the representatives must be persons of property, this bribery and corruption are wholly carried on by what are called the respectable classes. The poorer classes, who are suspected and accused of so many crimes, who are so terribly mistrusted, have nothing to do with it. The unenfrancliised may safely as sert that they could not possibly do worse than the enfranchised. Indeed it is the opinion of the Morning Chronicle, heretofore the ad vocate for a more restricted and more re spectable franchise, that the remedy for the corruption is to enlarge the constituencies or purify the respectables by an infusion of the lower classes. At any rate these circum stances furnish a valid argument against re- ' stricting the franchise to a few, and against allowing none but wealthy persons to be repre sentatives. Nothing worse could possibly result , from extending the suffrage, than the corruption of the present electors and the present repre sentatives. The state of the representation, however, gives rise to still more serious considerations. The non-represented are required to obey laws which they have no share in enacting. When they see these cases of bribery, what must they think, what must they say—as the electors act for them as well as themselves—but that they are sold to the highest bidder? If they doubt the wisdom of laws proceeding from such a source—if they refuse to be thus bought and sold, by refusing to render that obedience which is the main consi deration in the purchase, what honest, what sensible men would say they are to blame ? How can pure water flow from a polluted source, or who can give force to laws which spring from a bribed constituency and a corrupt House of Commons ? The bribery avowed at Ipswich, and asserted in other cases, taints the Ark of the Constitution. It is no light matter, fbr it im peaches all the acts of the House of Commons, and endangers the supremacy of the law. While the Clergy of the Protestant Church rested satisfied with abusing the Catholic faith, and professing abhorrence of its doctrines, the teachers of the rival creed, greatly to their praise, took little notice of their wicked revilings. Though they hired religious and political en thusiasts, or renegade Catholics, to range over the country, sowing enmity and discord amongst the religious classes, the Catholic prelates and priests, as well as the laity in general, looked upon these firebrands rather with pity than anger; but the case has become altered since a new sect sprung up in the English Church, who, while they still abuse the Catholics, have the effron tery to profess openly their indisputable doc trines. One Catholic Prelate has discussed the subject with his usual ability, and we have before us a pamphlet, written in somewhat the same strain, by an English Catholic layman, and pub lished by RIDGWAY, in the shape of a letter ad dressed to the Rev. J. H. NEWMAN, author of No. 90 in the " Tracts for the Times." The writer, who displays great skill and close reason ing, complains justly of the irruption of PUSEY, NEWMAN, and Co., into their sabred territory, while they still abuse it, calling the "water naught, and the ground barren," and then, by comparing the tenets of the intruders, with the .decrees f the Council of Trent, universally received in the Roman Catholic Church as the authoritative enunciation .of the orthodox belief and practice, proves that the Puseyites are in every respect, except one—charity—as good Catholics as the Pope of ROME and Dr. MURRAY. " Rely upon it," says the writer, " there is no use in endea vouring to conceal, either from yourself or others, the undoubted fact, that from the moment when you admit the doctrines and authority of the Council of Trent, you are, in belief, as complete a Roman Catholic as the Archbishop of PARIS, or Dr. MURRAY himself, and; as far as faith is concerned, satisfy every term of the definition with most philosophical and logical nicety." He, therefore, has just ground fbr this indignant ap peal. "We have a right to complain, and we do complain, that in order to screen yourself in the adoption of our tenets, from the obloquy and ruin that your profession of them, as ours, would undoubtedly entail upon you, you deli berately distort and misrepresent our faith and practice ; that in order to aveyt the impending storm of Protestant ire from your own devoted head, you erect a counterfeit image of ' 1/6:nan ism,' to serve as an ecclesiati ca l li g h tn i ng con ductor, and thus secure to yourself the midis- turbed enjoyment of that very orthodoxy, which, in us, you would gladly see reprobated, and perhaps punished as heresy and dissent." He does not, however, confine himself to mere assertions, but convicts the Puseyite, from his own words, of distorting some of the tenets of the Roman Catholic in order to make the real tenets his own, and adopting others root and branch. Mr. NEWMAN, for instance, rejects the Bible as a rule of faith, and stands up manfully fur the infallibility of General Councils. These are his words :—" In the sense in which it is commonly understood at this day, Scripture is not, on Angli can principles, the rule of faith." This certainly is sufficiently Jesuitical, but it is surpassed by the following : General Councils may err case it is promised as a matter of express supernatural privilege, that they shall not err--a case which is beyond the scope of this article, or, at any rate, beside its deter mination. Such a promise, however, does exist in cases where General Councils are not only gathered together according to the commandment and will of Princes, but in the name of Christ, according to our Lord's promise. While Councils arc a thing of earth, their infallibility cf eourte is not guaranteed; when they are a thing of heaven their deliberations are over-ruled, and their decrees authoritative. In such cases they are Catholic Councils. Why, every Christian sect puts in the same claim, from the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland to the wildest sect of fanatics. ' They all proclaim loudly that whatever they do is done by Divine authority, and should the Puseyites be successful in gaining over the great body of the people of England to their doctrines, we should speedily be commanded to obey their edicts issued from Westminster in the name of CHRIST. As regards " translation," too, Mr. NEWMAN is a Catholic to the back bone. His expressions on this head, as on most others, abound with mysticism, for what purpose he knows best but as to the fact the following quotation leaves no doubt : It seems, however, that you think the 28th article does not deny " every kind of change," from which I think I am fairly led to imply that you believe some change ckei take place in tle sacred elements by the effect of the words'of Consecration. At p. 55, you say, " The body and blood of Christ may be really, literally present in the holy Eucharist, yet not having become present by local passage, may still literally and really be on God's right hand." Again, p. 56, Now this is what the Catholic Church seems to hold concerning our Lord's presence in the Sacrament, that ke then personally and bodily is with us in the way an object is which we call present. How he is so we know not," &c. At p. 58, we have these words : " Let them but believe and act on the truth, that the con secrated bread is Christ's body, as he says." For the other parts of nominal distinction be tween the parties, we must refer our Protestant readers to the pamphlet itself, in which they will find, to their sorrow, that there are in the Established Church a numerous sect of teachers entertaining doctrines alike subversivt of the re- formed faith, and civil and religious liberty. The following quotation from the pamphlet, we trust, will not be, without its effects on those who malign others less guilty than themselves : We can easily disregard the taunts of the infidel, the sneers of the Deist, or the shallow arguments of the Swei nian, when directed against our crtnodox faith ; but tine may be allowed to feel, and we are called upon emphati cally to express a just indignation, when we find those very men whose theological researches have brought tht m round, most reluctantly, to a belief nearly identical with our own, eschewing our spiritual fellowship as if it were con taruination,—chargii,g us with idolatry in our faith, blas phemy in our prayers, and "impurity " (I) in our rites ; and degrading us, in th e e y es o f our f e ll ow -Ch r i st i ans an d countrymen, to the lev e l of the worshippers of Dams on an d Jagernaut, he priests of Cybele or Coty tto I Letters from Constantinople of the 27th of March state that no fewer than six Cabinet Councils were held at the foreign Minister's du ring the previous week, to deliberate upon MEHEMET Am's request fbr a modification of the Finnan. The result was not known, but the impression was that the Porte would yield as soon as the will of the Four Powers was known. When the ambassadors were interrogated res pecting the will of their Courts, they answered that they had no powers, with the exception of the Austrian Internuncio, who implored the SULTA N to avert a renewal of the horrors of war, by making all the concessions required by the VICEROY iinNnvoa O ul nkd hipi e t sr h he: e r,lFyi 2sritcolsheasmr.ttei setT:h.handecertoovkSnireusirilet,:natontafat, accompanied by all the Ministers o d afs s t ekAdi March a l expressedrheeh nearly h2ta6od. two displayed h o u Admiral rs. SAIYRNA. The Lodovico, which arrived on the 24th, states everything morning the Swedish frigate to be quiet on the coast of r►a. The plague was at Jaffa, but the steam-boat did not communicate. Four English and two Austrian men-of-war were at Marmorice. Ch A ap tz n r ur wa y y es fo te r rta o y astantipi e, having saluted her consort, who is to return home." theihe English corvette Daphne and the three French vesse ls in roads hoisted their colours, and the Chapman '6 company, o n were p assing retur t n h eedi4ajaden, saluted them by hurrahs. The s a lu tes English barque wim.ediately. Rising bun was During the late gales t h e " Of all the • equipage the mate totally lost in the Black g ea ot rly un h de o Sea. himself to a Plank, and only was saved, he having las hed was drifted on shore. SYRIA. BEYROVT, MARCH B.—The Emirs who were treacherously de'ivered up to Mehemet Ali on the first insurrection Of the Mountain, and who have been so impatiently expected here, arrived a few days ago in an Egyptian corvette. They are ten in number, namely, the Emirs Faours, Aidar, and, his nephew Ali, Moharnet Jaheb, Ali, and Abdallah, and the Sheiks Mahmoud, and his son, and .Nicholas Has< . et. They had a suite of fifty persons, and were accompanied by a son of Commodore Napier, in order that he might certify their re turn into Syria. On the evening of their entrance into port couriers were sent off to the Mountain, and at the following dawn the armed mountaineers came down in crowds to give a brilliant reception to their chiefs, thus restored to them after so long and so painful a captivity. The chiefs came out of quarantine the day before yesterday, and their appearance threw all classes of the population into ecstacies impossible to describe. All is quiet on the mountains, although it was reported, a few days ago, that a sort of en gagement had taken place between the Druses and the Ma ronites at Moollaka, a village between Saida and Betteddin, in which several Christians were killed. The Emir Beschir, seconded by the Pacha, succeeded in arresting these disorders, and there is every reason to hope that they will not be re newed. The plague has made its appearance at so many points at once, that it may be said to have invaded the whole pro vince. At Acre there are from 15 to 20 deaths a day. At Jaffa it rages with great violence, and it prevails at Saida, Sour, Damascus, and several villages of the mountains. It has also declared itself at Geitroun, a village uf the Lebanon. The Board of Health has sent emisearies to the infected districts, with orders to establish sanatory cordons where necessary. After the evacuation of Syria by the army of occupation, there still remained in the country twelve thousand of the Egyptian troops, part of which have been incorporated in the Ottoman regiments, and part sent to Constantinople. The English still have the semblance of a garrison both at Acre and Beyrout. The Paris Journals of Thursday have all reachej us. In France there is the same stagna tion of po i;:_ical news which prevails in this coun try. The peop2e are tired of the Eastern ques tion, want to hear nd more about the fortifica tions, and are growing in 4ifferent to the con tinuance of armaments whic;: threaten them with increased taxation. In the abs','"ce of an y other topic for vituperation the Courrier .53.an cais makes the following attack upon Marsiiai SOULT, for demanding, as President of the Coun cil, 20,000 f. a year:— " Let it be well noted that Marshal Soult receives already 30,000 f, like the other Ministers, and 20,000 f. for frais de representation, as chief of the army. He has 40,000 f. as Marshal, and 10,000 f. as Grand Cross of the Legion of Ho nour; total 150,000 f. Add to this, that if he was engaged in the wars of the empire, he was not ruined by them ; and that if he made a skilful retreat from Spain, he brought back with him something more than glory. He possesses perhaps all the virtues of Epaminondas, less his poverty, and his negative dis interestedness has procured for him a private fortune which permits him to do liberal things, in which, however, he is not in the habit of indulging himself. Marshal Soult is not con tented with his lot. The State pays him 150,000 f. a year and more, and yet he begs a supplement of 20,000 f. We must pay for his services at the rate of 170,000 f. a year, or do with out them. The Committee proposed that the 20,000 f. should be granted, and the Chamber voted the grant without saying a word." The Moniteur states that the receipts of indi rect taxes for the quarter just ended scow a de crease, as compared with the corresponding quar ter for .the year 1840, to the amount of 639,000 francs, The Univers affirms that M. Thiers and Count Mole are re conciled, and are on the most friendly terms. The Report on the. Budget will be presented in the course of next week. The Deputies. who seem to be much fatigued by the length of the session, which has already lasted five months and a half, have resolved not to discuss any important project of law before and after the great members have made their arl rangements to leave Paris in the first fortnight of May.—. Univers. The Court of Cassation will deliberate to-day on the affair of the Arab El-Chorerli, who was put to death by the order of the military authorities at Algiers, notwithstanding his appeal. The affair of the National (offense towards the person of the King), which has already been put off several times on account of the illness of M. Delaroche, will be brought on again to day. It seems that the trial will be again put off for the same reason.— Le Constitutionnel. A broil among some soldiers of the garrison of Versailles, which might have been attended with deplorable consequences, took plows on Sunday, at seven o'clock in the evening. About thirty cannoncers were seen running from Le Chesney, pur sued by one hundred and twenty Lancers and soldiers of the 10th Regiment of Light Infantry. On reaching the Boule vard de la Reine, they stopped and drew their swords to de fend themselves, but, being overpowered by numbers, they fled in every direction. The Commissary of Police and two town sergeants having interfered, succeeded in separating the combatants, but not, however, before several had been more or less seriously wounded. The next day the troops remained confined to their barracks. Letters from Carpentras of the 11th instant mention the that town on the 10th of thirty-six individuals be labouring classes, who were implicated in the -4. of Marseilles. All the brigades of the neighbourhood went into the - (Yates, and effected the cap arrest longing to ti., anarchical moveme.. Gendarmerie stationed in . town during the night, closed the turn of those persons before day. A Letter from Athens of the 27th of March, deputation of Candian emigrants had had a confere.. board au English frigate, with the Consuls of the European Powers. They were asked whether they desired a union with Greece, the protection ofEngland, or a Sovereign Prince ; they replied to the questions with negatives, and declared that they wanted a Republic, and that they would rather die than be go verned like the Samians. It was resolved these petitions should be addressed to the protecting Powers, and the deputa tion was concluded by an English escort to the camp of the in surgents. Such, says the letter, is the real state of things at this moment.—Le Commerce. The Silesian Gazette, under the head of the Ukraine, the 24th ult., announces that it had been definitively determined that the confiscated lands belo, ging to Prince Adam CzartG ryski, Counts Alexander Potocki and Sobousky, and others, si• tuated in the governments of Podolia and Kiew, should be transformed into military colonies. 130 URS-..k.PARIS, THURSDAY, APRIL 15. says that a — , .e on First Highest Lowest Last Pri. Prcv. Price r rei,ch 5 tier Cen ts ll3 B ce 0 ... 113 Price 80 ... 11 1 70 .., il3 75 4 per Cents . 99 40 ... 99 40 ... 99 40 .... 99 40 3 per Cents . 78 95 89 i ... 78 8 5 ... 78 85 (lank o u France ...... ..... L Atte Bank 5,9001. Shares 5157 511 ...516: ...5157 50 ...SIB° 1,0001. Si area 1070 ...1 ,, 75 —lO7O —107.5 itelgian Bank 5 per Cents lOl ... 101 ... 101 ... 101 New Loan lOll4 ... 1 , 1% ... /01M ... 1014 Spanish Active. 13% ... 23% ~, 23% ... •.3% Passive 5% ... 5% ... 55 ... 5% Portuguese 3 per Cents 2O ... 20 ... 20 ... 20 Neapolitan lO3 90 ~, 103 90 ... ";3 85 ... .3 90 Roman .... _ 11!3% .. .... 1 0 3% 1034 t. 103., ... .. ... A ... i% BAILWA Y . iHARES. - St. Germain Versailles.R. B 367 50 ... 367 50 ... 365 ... 365 L.B 240 ... 241; ... 231 25 .. 135 Orleans -.. 485 485 482 50 482 50 Struburg to ...... 237 50 237 50 2z6 25 PRESBYTERIANISM.--The Puseyites and all the believers in apostolical descent, and the unsanctity of sacraments administered by any other hands than those of a priest ordained by a Bishop who has derived grace from the Apostles, assert and contend that Presbyterianism is no Church at all. They are at direct variance with Mr. Car lyle, who thus speaks of Presbyterianism : " But in our islands there arose a Puritanism which even got itself established as a Presby terianism and national Church among the Scotch, which came forth as a real busi ness o f th e heart, and has produced in the world very notable fruits. In some senses one may say it is the only phasis of Pi otestantism that ever got to the rank of being a faith, a true-hearted communica tion with heaven, and of exhibiting itself in his tory as such." We take sides with Mr. Carlyle so far as to pronounce that the Anglican Church is, in this sense, no faith, no true-hearted com munication with heaven, but rather a " simul acre" which has no heart nor truth in it. MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS (From The Sun of Saturday Evening.) LIVKRPOOL COTTON MARKET, APRIL 16.—The sales of Cotton this day comprise 3,000 bales, the demand in the early part of the week improved, and the Market assumed a steadier aspect, prices of Surat and American, particularly the better class of the latter, being inclined to harden. The change so favonrable in appearance to holders, passed away on Tuesd.y, and since then, although the China news was considered, on the whole, auspicious, the demand has again fallen off, and the Market closed heavily at our last quotations. A good extent of business has been done by exporters, who have taken 3,2110 bales of American, and 200 Pernams. ' Speculators hare taken 1,500 bales of American. LIVEItPOOL SHARE MARKET, APRIL 16.—A moderate business has been transacted at the Stock Exchange this day— the following are reported :—Eastern Counties, 9k ; Edinburgh and Glasgow, 35k • Glasgow, Paisley, and G reenoc k, 27k ; Grand Junction, Half -shares, 105, 1 0 Liverpool and Manches ter, 200 ; London and Brighton United Company, 47 ; London and South Western 51. Shares, 44 46 ; North Midland, Half shares, 381. MANCHESTER STOCK EXCHANGE, APRIL 16.—Prices con tinue firm although the business done has been limited.—Man cheater and Birmingham, 25 244 and 2.4 • Midland Coun ties, 89k; ditto, New, 22} ; orth Midland, 79 ; Eastern Counties, 9k ; ditto, Debentures, 71, ; Edinburgh and Glasgow, 35 ; London and South Western, 58 ; ditto, Tenths, 2/. 45., Manchester and Liverpool Quarter Shares, 47 ; Union Plato Glass, 10k. Consols opened this morning at the leaving off quotations of yesterday ; for the Account, 90a 1 / 2 ; Money, 9t.li ; Ex chequer Bills, 13 15 prem. ; Bank Stock, 172 173 ; India Stock, 254 256. In the Foreign Market the prices are nominal to the pre sent hour. Spanish Active 23h; Deferred, 12 1 I; Passive, 55 4 ; Portuguese, 334 i ; Three per Cents., 20/ ; Colom bian, 221 23 ; Mexican, 305 5 ; Brazilian, 69 70 ; Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents., 521; Five per Cents., 98% 994. r e Shares.—GreatLondonand Western, estern, Brighton, 29 35 30 5 d p i r s e . m; Blackwall, 534 i. ; Ne w , 141 3, p dis. ; Birmingham, 67 69 prem. ; Southampton, 57',, 58 per share ; Croydon, 131 a per share ; Greenwich, 81 per share. PRICES OF SHARES THIS DAY AT ONE. RAILWAYS. Paid. Per Share. Birmingham and Gloucester ...... 100 Cheltenham and Great Western. 625...... 321-- to Great Western 'Ditto New ......... 50 ..... 641 London and Brighton 5O .... 465 to London and Birmingham ... 90 ...... 159 to 158: 1 London and South Western...... 385•••••• 58 .•• JOINT t Stock s Toex BANKS. LondonJin • 10 The following has been posted at the North and South Anie. rican Coffee-house : " Ship Thomas, for Cape Miercken, forty-six day s f rom Liverpool, with merchandize, twenty-three steerage passengers, Alarch 20, 9 A. 31, lat. 42, 35 N., ton. 59 W., passed a steam boat standing East by South. Wind light from the North West, and fine weather. The T. P. C. has sailed this pas sage, 5,050 miles." The above we have taken from the Philadelphia United States Gazette, March 29. 1841. It is the general opinion that the above steam-boat was the President, and her course was towards the Western Islands. She was steering E. by S. The British Funds have remained inactive during th e morning, without a feature worth n otice : money still continues at an easy rate in the house, the public and speculators are LOW waiti n g for the arrival of the West India mails to learn if the President has put into any of the Western Islands. The insu rance this day asked at Lloyd's on the President, is 60 per cent. Consols mey be quoted at present 901 1 for the Aecsount ; Money, 90* 1 ; Exchequer 131119, 13 15 prcm. ; Bank 'istock, nothing done; India Stock, 255; India Ponds, par. In the Foreign Market nothing doing—only three -quota tions—Spanish Active nothing done, prices same as yesti rrday. SHARES.—Bi. - mingham and Gloucester, 79k ; Great West et n, 94 ; New, 64,.t 1 65 ; London and Brighton, 461. ; L ondon and Birmingham, 159 1581. • Consols, Account, 906- ; Mexican, 30a ; Portuguese, 1; Spanish, 23,i. No business whatever doing. CLOSING PRICES. BRITISH FUNDS. Bank Stock .. India Stock 9 55 3 per Cent Red B9l !Ditto Bonds 3 per Cent Cons 904 Ditto Old Annuities ... 3,6 per Cent Red 986 'Ditto New Annuities... New 3i per Cent 996 Ex. Bills, 1,000/....2id 13 pm New 5 per Cent Ditto 5001 l3 pm Long Annuities to expire Ditto Small l6 pm Jan. 1860 ... 12 Bank Stock for 0pg.... Oct 1859 — i India Stock for 0pg.... Jan. 1860. — Consols for Acct FOREIGN FUNDS. Austrian, 5 per cent.... Portuguese, 5 per cent. Belgian, 5 per cent — !Ditto, New Ditto — Brazilian 80nd5.......... Prussian, 5 per cent. Buenos Ayres, 6 per cent 23 Russian, 5 per cent — Chilian 6 per cent...... ',Ditto, Metallic — Colombian, 6 per cent... !Spanish, 5 per cent Ditto, 1824. — Ditto, Deferred l2i Danish, 3 per cent 7BA French, 5 per cent.ll3f. 25c. Greek, 18.45, 5 per cent — !Exchange -f. —c. Mexican, 5 per cent.... i'French, 3 percent —f. —c. Ditto, 6 per cent, 1825. I Dutch, 2% per cent. ... 52 Peruvian, 1825, 6 per et. !Ditto, 5 per cent 9B-4 SHARES, Birmingham and Gloucester Rail% av (100 p) 79% Cheltenham: and Great Western (621 paid) 326 Great Western Railway (65 paid) ... 956 Ditto New Shares (50 paid) London and Brighton (50 paid) London and Birmingham Railway (90 pd) 1586 London and South Western ... 58% London and Croydon Railway (Trunk) Midland Counties Railway (100 paid) .. 9O FLANDERS AND DUTCH MAIL. BRUSsELs, APRIL 15.—The average price of wheat l as t wee ,k was 17f. 80c., and that of rye 10f. 63e. All enlightened Belgians and friends to their coun try ought to welcome, with good will, the new men whom the King has honoured with his confidence. We must wait for what they will do, in order to judge of them by their works. CONSTANTINOPLE, MARCH 24.—The following are the energetic representations which Austria and Russia, (filled with compassion for the melancholy situation of the Christians in Syria and Palestine), have joined in presenting to the Porte, in behalf of their Christian brethren, the object of which is to maintain the privi lege formerly granted to them. In particular, the Porte is most earnestly recommended to appoint a Governor immediately dependent on the Porte for Palestine and its chief towns of the Holy Land, who should reside at Jerusalem, to which the port of Jaffa should belong, in order to keep open a communication with the Mediterranean ; likewise to take steps to put an end to the abuses, and the oppressions to which the Christians are exposed ; to treat all the inhabitants with equal impartiality, and to afford them the same protec teetion in the administration of justice ; equally to afford a friendly reception to all pilgrims who visit the Holy Laud. All the differences between the Clergy of the Greek Roman Catholic and Armenian Churches shall cease. The Patriarch of Jerusalem, who generally re sides at Constantinople, shall have facility to visit his diocese, which has hitherto been attended with much trouble and expense. A commission shall be appointed to regulate the affairs of the Church, consisting of the Governor, the Patriarch of Jerusalem, or his Vicar- General, the e'der of the Latin and Armenian Consuls, and a Prelate as Commissioner, Lastly, each shall endeavour to facilitate the repairs of the Churaho* and Convents, which have been ruined or damaged, and measures to be taken to maintain strict discipline among the Turkish soldiers who have to guard the Holy Sepulchre, &c, Letters from Damascus say that Count Szechenyi has died of the plague in that city. BELGIAN le UNDs—i3SUits6mo, Miff, JO. Actual Dent, 2,, per Cent. Rothschild's Loan, 5 per C..nt lnn 1,4 Loan of Thirty Millions, 4 per Cent 3per Cent. Thirty.seven (1 -40) RON Loan fs): City, 1832, 4 per Cent St Society of Colninetcp, Cent lOO Bank of Belgium, 5 perL~;;t.+e en, e +elrEo National Society. ."119.../Ift• Exchange on London (short) —Brussels Papers, April 16. DUTCH FUNDS.—AMSTELDAM, APRIL 16 Money. Bias. tcnial Debt, 2% per Cent Jitto, ditto 5 per cent. A moi t Syaidc, 4% per cent -9.14 90% Ditto, ditto, 3% per c?;"3.,, 72% :3 Commercial Company, .10. 2 per ricrit,„, Ditto (18;35 and 9-07) 5 per cent. .... 1014 102 Loan 1937, 5 per cent..... ................. Exchange ori Londom, One month l2 05 Two months Thdeli Papers, April 17. • • N FUN DS.—VIIPINs, APRIL 7. 107% 1 , 8% 77% ive per Cents. Metan, f'o per Cents. Three per Cents. Hank Shares dltienectne Zeitung. April 12 PRUSSIAN FUN US.—BERLIN, APRIL 13. • . Mils., Money. St. Schuh!. Sch., 4 1 ., per cent ll3 103,4, Prussia?' English Loan, MU, 4 per cent 100%, iOO% Lxchange on London, three months 6 197 8 —Prussian State Gazette, April 14 RAILWAY CHARGES. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sin,—Knowing your columns ale slw•a ' s open to give publicity to any circumstance s iiffeting the public interest, there is none that calls louder for amendment than the existing charges by the present Railway Com panies, and it is quite time the public had some protec• tion or limit—to have a fixed sum for over-weight of luggage, proportionate to weight and distance, and not to be at the mercy of Directors. Having occasion to come from Liverpool to Preston, a few days since, with an over-weight of 1081 b., of no bulk, the subjoined statement will clearly show the charges for the same :- Liverpool to Warrington, distance 19 miles, fare... 4 6 Charge for luggage, the over-weight 1081 b., at Id. 4 6 I then wanted to book for Preston, but could get a ticket no further than Parksidc, a distance of 6 miles, for which I pai3, fare Charged for luggage The same train proceeged on to Preston, a distance of 22 miles, the fare for which is My luggage was again ;aken off the train, and I had to pay again 3 6 I expostulated at the Warrington station, on the ex tortionate demand of 4s. for the luggage for six miles, but could get no redress ; and, on my asking the book keeper at Parkside for a ticket for the luggage-charge, the civil reply was, " Did I think he wanted to pocket the sum ?" and, on my observing, from his remt.rk, I was ignorant of his intentions, he became exceedingly boisterous. Is this the way the public should be treated, and those who have frequently to make use of the Railway transit ? If you have space for these observations, it wi have a good tendency to serve the public, and Your very obedient servant, London, April 13, 1841. A TRAVELLER. Very shortly after the re-assembling of Par liament Lord Lyndhurst is to present in the Peers a peti tion from dramatic authors and others, who are interested in what is called " free trade," in theatricals. It is stated, and we believe the statement, that his Lordship hai a strong feeling upon the question, and is disposed to give the ot'jectof trio petitioners all the support in his power. Of course it is no party question, but one of great general importance, and while there was no prospect that a second winter theatre would be opened, the petitioners would have a firmer ground of claim than they will possess when there are two houses to which dramatic authors may resort. The whole point at issue is, which system gives most encouragement to the drama, and to those dependent upon it ? We know that in all oth-r professions, trades, and callings, prosperity is pr, mated by competition, and there can be no good reason fir th]nking that the case would be different as re gards dramatic authors and act ors . Th ose w h o say t h at r.-striction is beneficial, and therefore argue for two large theatres only, are bound to show that limitation in the abstract is good ; and if so, .why are we to have two theatres? It the argument be cf any value, those who use it are bound to show that one patent theatre would b, better than two, if two be better than three, and three better than four. But the truth iv, that we have outlived the age of patents, and the best answer to those who require free trade under a legislative enactment is to tell them that practically they have free trade already, and that any body who opens a theatre may keep it open, if he thinks almost in de fiance of the public authorities. We own we see little that is to be pained by any Act of Parliament; but at the same time we are anxious to see all restraint and limita tion removed, so that nobody shall hate an opportunity of saying, ei her as author or actor, that he ha: not had a fair chance in consequence of the continuance of the pa tent system, which, from the first, was as great a mistake as if Charles 11. had said there shall only be two hat makers, two tailors, or two bakers and butchers in the metropolis. GREENWICH RAILWAY.—The following is a statement of the number of passengers, and amount re ceived each day of the fair, Good Friday, and Easter Sunday, at the offices of the Greenwich Railway : Number of Passengers. Good Friday Easter Sunday Monday Tuesday •• 14,760 The cold, and unsettled state of the weather, reduced the number of passengers considerably this yea-, as compared with the last. The receipts on Easter Monday, 1840, were 1,050/. TAXED AND UNTAXED BREAD--Mr. Carr, baker, of this ci'y, has this week exhibited in bis window two wheaten loaves, labeled "taxed loaf, sixpence," and " untaxed loaf, sixpence," the weight of the latter being 24Ibs. grcater than the former. Persons who offered to purchase the larger loaf were told they might have it for sixpence, and the amount of tax, twopence halfpenny. Here was a palpable demonstration of the effect of taxa tion, adapted to the plainest understanding. —Carlisle Journal. Other bakers might imitate this example with effect, and so ensure the abolition of the Corn-laws, which will give them much additional employment. THE DEANERY OF YORK. One hundred and twenty-five years, it d; have passed since a case like that which occupied the late visitation has engaged the attention of any of our Ecclesiastical Courts. ON THE lIVIPROVEMENT OF RIVER e. The wisparet of the Dordogne consists of two, three, and sometimes four lofty waves, which follow each other rapidly, damming back the whole breadth of the river, and ascending the channel for a great length, often breaking at their e ests and overthrowing every obstacle that they meet. Their presence is also made known by a terrible noise. Those of the Dordogne, which are the most re. markalle in Europe, attain only an elevation of from five to six feet. The mascaret of the Dordogce traverses about two leagues of the channel of the river from St. Pardon a Libourne in 33 or 34 minutes. This subject was also one which excited greatly the at tention of Cond 'mine, while on his voyage down the Ama son, In reference to which he gives the following account in his work, at page 193 Between Macapa and North Cape, in the place where the great channel of the river is contracted by the islands, and particularly opposite the mouth of the Arawari, which enters the Amazon on its northern shore, the flux and reflux of the sea presents a singular phenomenon. " During the three days nearest the full and change of the moon, the period of thehighest tides, the sea, in place of taking six hours to arrive at its height, attains the lat ter in two or three minutes. " We may conceive that this cannot come to pass tran quilly; we hear at a distance of one or two leagues, a ter rible noise which announces the approach (if the pororoca. This is the name which the Indians of these parts give to this impetuous wave. As it approaches the noise in creases, and we then see a promontory of water of from twelve to fifteen feet in height, then another, then a third, and sometimes a fourth, which, following each other closely, occupy the whole breadth of the channel. This wave advances with a prodigious rapidity, breaking up and sweeping away every obstacle from before it. I ha'e seen in some situations a great mass of land borne before it, majestic trees rooted up, destruction of all kinds. Everywhere that it has pass e d, the s h ore i s c l ean as if it . _ . had been swept with care." The most recent notice of this interesting subject is in the Report of the Committee on Waves, appcinted by the British Association in 1836, in which the Committee have adopted the views of Bremontier. I will, however, first refer to the rt port by Sir John Robinson and John Scott Russell, Esco for their description of the bore :- 0 17, A tidal bore is formed when the water is so shal low at low water, that the first waves of flood tide move with a velocity so much less than that due to the succeed ing part of the tidal wave, 43 to be overtaken by sueeeeding waves, or whenever the tide rises so rapidly, and the water on the shore or in the river is so shallow, that the height of the first wave nf the tide is greater than the depth of the fluid at that place. Hence in deep water vessels are safe from the waves of rivers which injure them on the sbcre." There appears to be a general agreement, that the pre sence of the bore is most strongly evinced as it passes over a portion of the channel which is encumbered with a sand. ink. Condamine and Bidone have partly art lved at the cause, so far as their views are stated in the foregoing pages, where they attribute the bore to the sudden influx of the waters of the tide, after having attained sufficient head to overcome those of the ebb. If to the above we include the prespnoe of an abrupt contfaction of the width of the p flannel, this latter them- Etance ; taken in conjunction with any obstacles in the bed, such as the sand.bauks noticed by Condamine, will, in my humble opinion, be sufficient to account fur the formation of the bore. The examples of the bore of the Severn, and the mas caret of the Dordogne, are precisely similar ; in both rivets we see the effeet of a gradually contracted channel producing a great increased rise of tide ; and we find th phenomenon alluded to occurs where the passage of that augmented tidal wave is checked by the presence of sand• hanks, and a sudden change in the configuration cf the channel ; or by the latter becoming violently contracted. Thus the Severn experiences a rapid contraction at the islands of Flatholme and Steepholme, and also at Beach ley. near the mouth of the Wye. During spring tides the rise at St. Ives, in Cornwall, is eighteen feet, at Pads:ow twenty-f ou r, at L un d y I s l an d t Minehead thirty-six feet, at Kingsro a d, near th e entrance of the Avon; forty-eight fe e t, an d a t th e en t rance of the Wye fifty feet. At this distance the tidal wave attains an el,vaion of thirty-two feet above that at the entrance of the Severn or Bristol channel. fjigher up the Severn, beyond the confluence of the Wye, there the elevation of the tidal wave is thirty.two feet above it; level at sea, the channel becomes much ob. strutted by rocks sad sand-banks, which have the effect of rapidly elevating its bed, Fifteen miles above the mouth of the Wye, the Severn takes an abrupt turn in its course, forming an angle of nearly sixty-six degrees with its pre vious direction. This and several other similar obstrue. tions to the passage of the tidal wave so affect i°, that we find that at Gloucester the rise of tide is only about eight feet ; the whole of which arrives at its full height in a few minutes, coming up in a bore, having a crest or face of from four to five feet. Any sudden contraction of the width of the channel, nr any elevation of the bed by the presence of a sand-bank, must immediately have the effect of bringing into collision these opposite moving masses of water, and the crested wave or bore becomes apparent. Condamine tells us that " the bore becomes visible in passing over a shoal, aad that it subsides again where the water becomes deep;" and we know also that the bore is at one time %i,ible in the ce:itre, and at another on the sides of the river. Thus, in the early portion of the flood tide, when the waters of the river still run ebb in mid channel, the effect of the presence of a shoal, or high bank of sand, would be to divert the current towards the slLres of the liver, and thus still further elevate the lateral tidal currents, which, on attaining this additional height, must sprea I from shore to shore, and form the breaking wave, or bore, visible upon the sand-bank, over which it will range inn the ma.i ner described by Condamine, bearing before it in course the whole mass of the previous ebbing waters, with which it has now come into complete opposition. The river Dordogne unites with the Gironde, about forty miles from the embouchure of the latter, at which dis tance the Garonne is a'so received into the Gironde. Toe mascaret," as the bore is locally termed in the Dor dogne, is not apparent either in its sister stream the Ga rubric, or in their majestic recipient the Gironde, by which name the subsequent course of the Durdogne and Garonne is known after their union. The velocity of the mascaret of the Dordogne, when measured by Bremontier between St. Pardon and Libourae, was found to be seventeen feet per second. This is, how ever, much less than the mean velocity of the tidal wave from the mouth of the Gironde to Bordeaux, which averages nearly twenty-five feet per second. MARYPORT AND CARLISLE RAILWAY. Monday last was the day appointed for opening about two miles more of. the Maryport and Carlisle Railway—connecting it with the populous town of As patria. Soon alter ten heavy cannon v ere fired both in ihe harbour and at the station—the hell rang, and off went the train. At each station arid village on the line flags were flying. and spectators assembled on the embankments, whilt: the delighted passengers were whirled through the beautiful vale of the Ellen, whose banks were covered with wild flowers, and the woods on each side teeming with freshness and life. The echo through the valleys of the engine's shrill whistle formed a pleasing discord to the mellow strains of the band, which were faintly heard in the distance. The portion which has now been opened between Arkleby and As patria is formed on a splendid embankment thirty feet in width, and averaging about twelve feet in height. The bridge at Aspatria, which forms the present ter minus, was tastefully decorated with branches of ever greens and flowers, from the parks,at Brayton, forming a grand triumphal 'arch. Aspatria and its vicinity was greatly enlivened by the influx of gay visitors. The trains performed six trips each day, and would carry not fewer than 4,000 persons—the distance of eight arks. The time required for each trip varied from fifteen to twenty-five minutes. Sir Wilfrid Lawson showed his accustomed generosity on th e occas i on , b y prov idi ng an ox and suitable accompaniments for the workmen on the railway, who were bountifully regaled to the number of about 200, in the new school room at As patria. Several gentlemen also partook of a cold colla tion provided by the worthy Baronet. It is a grati fying circumstance, that notwithstanding the scram ble that sometimes took place previous to start ing, and the crowded state of the co nveyances and tender, all went off without the slightest acci dent. Tuu coal traffic has lately become very heavy—frequently amounting to 100 and sometimes 120 weggons per day—each waggon contionieg a 3. cwt. Several new pits will shortly be opened, for it is found that one continued vein of fine coal lies below the banks of toe Ellen, which will now be profitable working, owing to facilities for shipment afforded by the railway. The passenger traffic is also rapidly increasing, aad in deed new sources of both goods and passenger traffic appear to be o p ene d up daily as it progresses. Th e Company w ill now co mmence operatioir is s at the,Carli s l e end ; and we un d e r s tand the engineeringin a state of great f orwar d ne ss all along the line.—C orrespoiactiit of the Carlisle Journal. CANTON BEGGARS —During t h e g Last month of this year upwards of 130 beggars tiled about the streets of Canton, in consequence of the severe cold and con tinual wet. Mr. W. A. Brooks, - 14:1rist. C.F., of Stock ton-on-Tees, has just published a Treatise on a very important subject—" The Improvement of the Navigation of "livers, with a New Theory on the Cause of the Existence of Bars." Ile discusses at considerable length the causes of these great obstructions to navigation, and the best means of removing them, and gives some useful directions for the protection of the banks of rivers from erosion, and also for removing shoals in the beds of navigable rivers. The chap ter on shoals might be studied with advantage by the conservators of the Thames. The thllow ing extract gives an interesting description of that remarkable phenomenon, the " Bore," which produces often great damage on the Severn, the Hoogly, and several other large rivers : This subject has been treated at great length by Colonel Emy, in his work " Du Movement des Ondes," in which be tells us, that " in the Dordogre the phenomenon bears the name of the Mascaret,' and is a pecnliar undulation which announces the arrival of high water," In the Amazon it is called the Roller.:; the Indians naming it the Pororoca. In the lloogly it is named the Bore, by which term it is also known in the Severn, and on the river formed by the reunion of the Tigris and the Euphrates. In the Seine it is called the Bar. COURT CIRCULAR. WINDSOR, SUNDAY.—The Queen and Prl attended Divine Service at the Chapel Royal, S' 4) s this morning, and the fdlowieg Visitors and attended :—The Duchess cf Ledford, Lade C.) Hon. Miss Cavendish, Lady J. Wcroyss, Visre, r; „ bourne, a n d hi s Excellency the Viceroy, Ste. lowing D.vines were present:—The Hon. and the Dean, the Rev. C. Proby, Rev. Dr. K.01e , . , Rev. W. C ann i ng (C anons ) , an d the . Knyvett (Miner Canon), who performed the.l ol Se, vice chanted. The Den and ttic Rev. read the Communion Service, the latter (being,' dence) preached auexcellent Sermon, which , I, conclusion, appears t o b e t h e fi rst f a series Mon o c • and 32d verses of the 22d chapter of the Gospel ° to St. Matthew :—" But as touching the Rem'? the Dead, have ye not read that which was srokela you by God, say ing, I am the God of Abraharn , g , God of I s a ac ,, an d t h e G o d of Jacob; God is p of the dead, but of the living." The l e . and Jubilate, D r . B oece ' s f u ll Service i biti the Sanctus a nd K yr i e El e i son , t h e H on . W. A s , the Creed D r . A s hl ey ' s i n G ; t h e Anthem, arcud composed by Dr. G. J. Elv,?y " Behold, 0 Chorus, " Behold, 0 God, our defender, and le g the face of thine anointed ;" Quartet and Ch eru ''. Lord, grant the Queen a long lift!, that heryeri; endure throu g h out a ll generations; Quailed, be it time let th e r i g h teous fl our i sh, and let Vac! our borders ;" Ch orus, •` As for her enem i es , co l i fi with. shame, b ut upon h ersel f let her Crown 'No 0 a Amen." The Quartettes were beautifully sung Foster, M essrs . T urner , H arr i s, and Mitc h t ll. „, 01 1 them is one o f t h e b est, i f not the best, o f Dr. compositions. Dr. Elvey presided at the orgae• This afternoon the Queen took a drive in 3 00 1 phaeton, which w as d riven by Prince Albert; phaeton contained t h e Duchess of Bedford a nd Op Wemyss. Colonels Wemyss god Bouverie and Mr . attended on horseback. The Princess Royal took her usual airing to' dgi her attendants. C' Tl,e Queen, th e D uc h ess o f B edfor d , Lady —* nat ir Lady J. W em y ss , an d H on. Mi ss Cavend i s h, rode '6O pony phaeton yesterday; while Prince Albert, C. Bouverie, Lord Lilford, Colonel Wemyss, 11°1 :: bol Murray, Mr. Rich, an d M r. G . E . Anson, w ere back. Th e Queen' s h ounds have had a p r i v ate', : l l the amusement of Prince Albert, several times stne go/ Court has been here, and yesterday morning tu rt vt party went to one. All th e G ent l emen o f t he Cou in scarlet. h so° Mr. and the Hon. Mrs. G. Hope had the joining the dinner party yesterday. le OP Viscount Ebrington arrived at the Castle Ye°. Their Royal Highnesses the Duchess o f G los `„ , the Duke of C am b r id ge attended Divine Servieemrt: morning in Grosve nor Ch ape l , South AudleYtt6, heater The Duke of C am b r id ge , attended by Opf S slu r — honoured the It a li an O pera w i th nis nee w' evening. s presence _ u if Viscount Ebrington had an interview with 0 r of Normanby on S a t ur d ay at the Home.oVillo Tel Canada. Si Sir George GAeruthrguer transactedes arr businessivedintoo,o;oolo the Colonial-offie , -. * 0 Despatches for the Lieutenant -Governor 0 . , he 14 r 1 also for the Lo r d Hi g h C ommissioner of the Islands, were sent o ff f rom the Colon ial-office day evening. Viscount Ebr:- —our). Jrington left town on Saturday , to her Majesty, at Windsor Castle. ,005. 1 l e e t r ; 0 a O O " ' eS , FASHIONABLE INTELLIG' ARIVALS. rt 11°v oi The Duke a n d Duchess of Beauf or t, a t Beau ° 6 101 , from New mar k e t ; Vi scount and Viscountess Pain le- cl 9 he Lady Fanny C owper , on C arlton House-terrace, f r og t a ts ; the Earl and Countess Cowper, at Pansangert rle perlie, le ‘t Countess of Jersey and Lady Sarah Villiers, ,„_i n „,for',. square, from a visit to Viscount and Viscountess . 10 ,'"'Curr e , Bedgbury-park, Gouldhurst, Kent ; Lord Sandys , liV t o street, from Brighton ; Lord and Lady Carrington; 44; hall-yard, from Wycombe Abbey, their seat in B u r c ,, - tle, P ; I R. M‘Donnell, at Mivart's Hotel, from Glenarm seat in Ireiand ; Mr. D. Maclean, M.P., at dutch tester ; Rev. V. an d M rs . H arcourt, at ditto, from at t, house, ne ar Midhurst ; Mr. an d M rs . H am ilt on Parke s ' d 1. 0 ;;, from Stonellall Park, Pe ns h urst , Kent ; Lord a: re fr; Wenlock, and Ho n . Mi ss L aw l ey, i n BerkelerAu s'olttt their seat in Yorkshire; Lord and Lady Marybor°43o4 Savdle-row, f rom Ri c h mon d ; t h e Earl of 31 in t° an tbe Elizabeth Elli o t, a t the Admiralty, fro m Portsmouth, Asia of Jersey and Yiaoount Villiers, M.P., in Berke le ) fr , ° l from Ne \s.mclarket ; Lord P ru dh oe , i n Whi te h a ll-goruecov fitauwick Park, his seat near Richmond, Yorkshire; oshil Ebrington, in G rosvenor - square , f rom C ast l e Hill, Dev oi d the seat of the Earl and Countess of Fortescue; „coridg e ° , Lady Ma r y Berehayen, in Belgrave-square, from Weds ; the Earl and Countess of Kenusare, square, from Brighton ; Lord and Lady Rodney_! in rseld')d+ from Cheltenham ; the Earl and Countess of of in Chesterfield House, from Newmarket ; the Earl ~4 ° ' ver leY in Langham-place ; the Earl and Countess of Pe Earl Ladies Percy, in Postman-square, from a visit to the k : ar l Countess Amherst, at Knovide Park, Kent ; tht foe', Countess of Manvers and L a dy M ar y Pierrepoin: '('!ouate;', man-square, from th e i r sea t in N o tt s ; Earlan d ;o_l , Bruce, in Graft on - s t ree t, f rom S avanac he Lodge , nv Atta r ' borough, Wilts ; Lord and Lady Lifford, in Montag'', from from their seat in Warwick-hire ; Count 'from Melton Mowbray ; th e E ar l an d C oun tess of S Croxteth Park, Lancashire ; Lady Lucy Smith, J fro m Esq., and family, at the Perner's Hotel, Berners-sticseet.)ja the Isle of Wight ; Morrice Mausculine, Esq., I"__ Ashton Wine, and the Rev. Wm. Mausculine, at ditto; from o' ;C. G. Thornton, Esq., at ditto, from M A Keyne, Wiltshire ; the Rev. Wm. Drummond, atfdelilttte°;o' lierts ; M. Latour, Esq., at ditto, from the CoiVennton, f s q, Jenkins, Esq., at ditto, from Liverpool 11;y;ham. Mrs. Renton, and family, at ditto, from Birrn o DEPARTU RE f ,.„% . Chandos Houstdf Itia'Excellency Prince Ester/ I ' 4 'w — , ,at 13edgel!' a visit to Viscount sod Viscounle" ---esfurd ' Grogr9 Park, Kent; Lord an d Lad Hatherton, from place, from Teddesi e y Countess of Wilton and family, from Grosvetior - sc j . f4 Tunbridge Wells ; Lord Colville, from Portland-P Cheltenham ; Viscount Powerscourt, M.P., from D°1.6 0, for Bath; the Dowager Marchioness of Northame /or o f Park. Lady the the Earl pr Piccadilly, for Coolhurst, Sussex; the Hon. B. 111. p,, from Norfolk -street, f or C am b r idgeshire; tl.'? r Ch t , Wicklow, from Cavendish-square, for Brighton; his 0 1 Adam, M.P., from the Admiralty, for Blair Adam' k, rat near Kinross, N, B. ; Sir Adolphus and Lady adrY,lbat o , Park.strevt, on A vigit t u the Dukearld Ducliessaßucl , 13 0 4 2 , Stowe, Bucks; Mr.. Borges, from Alivart's 11° `Itiolo n ,`I r street, on a visit to Earl Poulett, at , hi s seat, 1 ;... 001 , „ Qeprge j crewiterui Loo Alfred Paget, M.P. , ." 1 Villute, „to, bridge tigtise, on a cruise in his yacht ; Colonel. t 4, for his seat near Dublin ; the Duke of Buccleueht 11 '14 0 ;, tague House, for Boughton House, netr Gaily Knight, M,p., and Igf. l troutLower,"Lo .6 0 street, for'hiS Seat in ?.It,ttinghtirnshire ; Lord and o d borne, from Hill,street, far Bath, i Lady Adam t he 's°t Adam, froti3 the Adini'Wth fqr 14arriingtmi SPa; Nls° s quis of Anglesey, from Uxbridge Howe, on a visit to anti 'Viscountess Sydney, at Frognal Lode, Neut. 't t ° CHANOM. 0 , a ' i aot Mr. and Lady L ou i sa Ti g h e , a t W oo d s t oc k, o° _, `is Ea rl the Marquis of Waterford, at Curragh more , Irelan't; t he Alorpeth, at Castle Howard, Yorkshire, from t°,.: 312 t : at ~,; ; $r and Countess of 13 rown l ow an d L a d y C aro li n e (I ,a dy P•jr. House, near Plymouth, on a v i s it to M r. J, and a t nu r p of beth Bulteel, from Torquay; the Marquis of Exeter, 01'41' ley House, near Stamford, from Newmarket; 1. " - „,, at i d, Rochester and Lady Sarah Murray and Miss Alor''''forsla u 11 a le) , tin Park, Warwickshire, on a visit to Sir Johnpro , fita , Bart., M. P., and Lady Mordaunt, from the Pa lac ' Oa Earl fjompton, at Castle Ashby, from a visit t° oo oultt so t William, at Milton House,_ near Peterborough; ~,fae his Viscountess Newry, at Leamington pa, Irani '"treol' e 'oni in Ireland; Lord Ferrard, at Deal, from Oriel ik bere, seat in the county Louth ; Vi scoun t N cv .lle. at. 1 . 5 ,10 J ° ' Castle, Kent, from Brighton ; th e E ar l o f Cass' regiment, at Dublin town. TILE CORN•LAWS.—A petition for P esl re the Ar of the Corn-laws, agreed . upon by the Anti-Corey roll 6 I ° sa sociation of this city, was on Thursday last t a 'f t he c li the town for signatures, and, in the course e' d ,is, nearly 4,000 names were attached to it. W e i f ra ge ser° great care was taken to confine it to person - 6 within the borough, and that no one under t he clit' ir : evidenco to the state of feeling upon the s eighteen was alloved to sign it. This is pretty ee n io tO l city.—. Carlisle.fournal. e Co l ° "e ,i The operations, under the directions 0, c Oct Pasley, on the wreck of the Royal George at, i 7 P „ c ill "l e are to commence forthwith. The Success W l ': a ndl ° , emplo30:1 in that service as heretofore. The flee r :„ - o ve , V of that ill-Fated vessel still remain to be r e " - Hainpshire Telegraph. . A !eV NEW TYPE-FOUNDING ~,,..--i- ;,:ig MACEIIe , ..' fo llow' 8 ter from Boston ( United States) gives the Trac hit' a notice of a new machine for casting types :-- A o ra has been invented and built by Mr. Peter Sturte post% Mr. Edward Starr, the head mechanics of tbe be ° f i a bject Type and 6tereotype Foundry, which is likely, te It 0 1 , - , eery important use in the art of type making be erse a f machine for casting the type, by merely turning truces be there4y avoiding the laborious and dilatory P s oy 31 , casting by hand. The operation of this rnaelt,,ild, we performed by a boy, or a penon entirely utts'''' . ; 0 11 19- 0 double the rapidity of the best caster; and 9 a int greater is the force by which the metal is inje ct : a l 111 ?; the moulds than, that exerted in cas.iog in the Irs isCC,I - that there is rarely, if ever, an imperfecrtchere 29 ( casting the most slender and difficult letter- o de ° besides. less waste of metal than in the ordinary, iikell!. casting. The machine is not complex, as far as we can judge from its construction, to ge L r igioth order. We forbear giving a more particular dese re t d tt e because the ingenious inventors have nr,t yet sall y, c pie , an d is little , ' o t o f benefit of their improvement by a patent. 'r ,h J ig ca m. , sume they will do without delay.—/nventor's.fidee,ej 111„ NEW SYSTEM OF TRANSIT.--It IS sta t e) 0 1 the Railway Times, that Mr. N. Taylor, the i t° ,cent i d i the steam coopera4e, and Mr. Conder, wh) 109 I : 3 n 11'" published a small work on railways, have itoci,te.„;-Coa; system of communication by locomotives, which 7111130 of pare all the advantages derived from the prese e w P q,itel has ; it is said, been submit'ed to the se,crest•tev9;;;;ioli that patents are about to be secured for this to ng . The Railway Times says, that this improvernedt it' a ilors! " bids fair to effect an entire revolution in the r system."—lnventor's Advocate. th e N 7th instant, a most curious scene took place intwo Id RIVAL AUCTIONEERS. — On Wednescia_p .3 0 Market-place, by tin en: eh seat , g a variety of %, p oi and Birmingtiam goods, each having a tray.rilingaidetw• s the noise made by these men, and one of them ' . e l : o ipit; woman, was truly terrific ; at hat one drev' or ' 1 out 1° h a pound notes to attract attention, and calot i:ea t b rival. 6‘ You cannot come thir."--" Can't I,' re lied „ a t 41 ~ other, " I'll soon let you see," and - t ~_e sir a s quantity of coppers, and threw them among Id gl d brettg br c'i rf crowd. The third went into his caravan, an. , and ore two or three dozen of spoons, and some pcnols d no vo he ave no' was certainly the witekt of the three, for g them away. The man who produced the fi to the gaping crowd.—Provincial Paper. It was stated at the Count of Gaon 0 " ba rs intracting 0 held at York on Thursday we_k that the c .. , 4 of nine beards 7 her of the prison shaves at the rate farthing. ve-poun boo THE " It ni quote an gation in euppi y i n happiness and recut tat rules raspeetcd past, the eminent ( The ni surer fot prosperiv hal utter trad e , an that he Th e swe have b e mares. riches _r Is very a obtainio lion o f the 00111 practica lance of vigation employe "I loco of i --- duties Placed, Any tte‘i self that duce of tages th taken ( little Tel This mind. this cc tiugmc WOiltd et , unti tiGt h hvbwe Which rected Writer Lion c lii lUtion N titlly 1 erful variot kind v In Pitt's moi publi could surea try, destr consi th e p GOUI l ib; the t ati tha ho d ‘t . 1.110,