The Sun. — London, England, 1841-10-13 00:00:00

~... ~~, ...} EVENING SUN ...Ng T v .11.AILWAY SIGNALS —A new system ' . 14 „ signals for railroads has been invented by Mr. H a ll, -ee Managing Director of th e E astern Counties Rail road, intended to supersede the red and white slags now tiirsied and exhibited by policemen at. inadequate distances, !Id which have been sometimes l found inadequate to the which Mr. Hall calls the Purpose The ranel or fan signal," . new siF h n a a s, when put in operation, the appearance of an uprigl t . st of about twelve feet high, 4ltraounted by a piece of woodwork resembling in shape that ,of t _. a close d no frae iew ork. In the upper woodwork three panels ,encased,br which are worked by machinery, an when aseught down to the iron framework before described, 4tuee the . sq% . e appearance of a crimson . quadrant of a span Iv cleat to be visible in a straight line for , two miles. lb;,llen a train is due to start the thrce panels are lowered. , seon as it has started and reached the signal, the e di rl . , 1 charge of it sets in motion a piece of machinery, 11:11ich iaidually works up the three panels in fifteen 111 te, and the signal at the end of that time presents ne qrsiyeriginal appearance. By this arrangement engine whi:hrsdvill be able accurately to calculate the t . irete'',", elapsed since a train has passed ; one panel an h -L 'g five minutes, two ten, and three a quarter of ep4nr._ Th e n ew signal will in a few days be put in /. / 7:4 . en.the .Eastern . Counties Railway. 4, TTA,.,7:IWAY ROBI3ERY AND MURDEROUS 'iinis-;:—.,;(3a Tuesday last a man of the name of Cleod, . good; C itoekheare, formerly a servant with Mr. Bid ''' ir l'eQta r -t W ilo travels the country selling tea, was sitting sf. the Mali_ 411 Y with three other men at the Country Hotel, sif wh„w43' house between Exeter and Honiton, two lieu„," f e l kre thatchers of Whim le, The four left the freet,"th'egetlier ; the two thatchers, when a few paces L. ‘4teled'e inil,.parted company with the others, who pro `t+(.rw ( " 4 their way. Before they had gone many hun . " Yard 3 the man in company with Cleod took an `4 1313.9rf4nit ' 4 ow n - jto get bahind him, when he knocked him ':-, AL . Pn(t robbed him of all his money, and left him t r li,• ,' ' e l . ( -lead. rf be sufferer was afterwards found in iir t ;t.'ld, and taken to Rockbeare, where he now lies, his . t ,6 being despaired of. He is dreadfully bruised about 1 1 , e ad, his hands being much injured, showing that . years is resistance. He is about thirty pit of Pr age. The constables went immediately in pur ,. i . _ T ot the villain, but we have not yet heard that he has flue'e 1. taen. Ire was dressed as a sailor, with a short toliaket, and wore a fur cap. It appears that the un ,L. nate man had incautiously taken out a sovereign, eali e h i.... 4To -,!‘, offered to be changed at the Country Hotel, crr..ip,,73..1.1;--scerph probrdply tempted the wretch to commit the evonshire Chronicle.. :,-`l., 11,z, OCT. 12.—Armed the Schiedam, from I3teuc ton, for Portsmouth, with upper works and kill . - ''''lt'4ii...it.a....datilage,i, having been in contact with the Bourne', , ea at -:\lart;:ixte. TEIE LATE SIR jOl,. BA_ , .r, 't. 1 its estimable and learned Judge, who was ler twenty five years the highest ornament of the Bench, Jr ' ~', e, aatlated his lin eage f rom I saac Bayley of Chesterton, in the t.n 'county of Huntingdon, who, in the year 1732, married l e a , a .. into a br anc h o f t h e famous Bigland family, of Bigland, in the county of Lancaster. The second son by this mar ' 3 ` ll kaa •, riage was John Bayley of Elton, in Huntingdonshire, (father of the late Judge), who himself intermarried t ada s f„ .- c ,aeith the great Church family of the Kennetts, one of aci:ci ; ;Whom, in 1790, was the Bishop of that diocese. , 7 • i . Sir John Bayley, at the age of twenty-seven, mar iaatta red, on the 20th of May, 1790, the youngest daughter aa z ; of John M ar k ett, Esq., of Meophain Court Lodge, in 41 .;':' the county of K e n t, b y whom he has issue—John Ed ial• ward George, . of Updown House, Kent, who is forty , 11 ,, seven years of age, and who now comes into his father's lc , title and estates; a second son , K ennett -Ch ampa i n Bay -5111aP,; 'ley, forty-three years of age, who is in holy orders, as le de` :a Rector of Acrise, in Rent ; a nd a thi r d son , F ranc i s Bayl e y, barrister at-law, who is thirty-eight years of ..,, age, and h as b een employed for some time in editing his father's valuable book upon Bills of Exchange. Besides these he has three accomplished daughters, the eldest of • whom is married to a clergyman ; the other two ladies, Lucy an d Elizabeth-Magdalen, the former of whom is twenty-on e years of age this year, are, we believe, . unmarried. (..V A q - Alra justice Bayl e y was a man o f lib era l e d ucat i on and r hra - . enlarged Lot i ons; his language had no peculiar neatness sai at Or brilli ancy, but it was perspicuous, plain, and pointed. -w 1 e, ~ , I .N atu re h ad designed hirn for a .lawyer, and ho wisely ~,flpufsued her bias: his knowledge of practice and cases eaCa a a ,•left him without a competitor, and his strong natural ca - We' si a ,pacity and clearness of intellect adapted itself to the Texiiamost heavy labours. . em , a i d. , , He was elevated to the bench in 1808. One of the .1. a,,,,.,.ate05t remarkable as look of his d ec i s i ons , w hi c h b y t h e profess i on looked • -°naa a high a u th or i ty, touc h es upon me di ca l aarisprudence It stands singular, because it is opposed to Baron ~ supported, too, by It stands decision in a similar case, which was ' 1829 The o • • an antecedent opinion of Lord Hales. March Pin was one given on a case tried at Lancaster, 14 i, er _ , 7 when a sailor, ton was a - • P° o l Infirmarywdischarged from the lafter undergoing saliva as cure( recommended by another patient to go •a cif aisol-P the prisoner, an old woman living at Liverpool, I tin ff 1 !Ind occasionally get the mercury out of detain.. • ' ' for an emetic to h i i ii s bones 1 ; n e s t e tion of white ' gave him a solu -1 h• a vi triol, or corrosive sublimate, one dose of am ; %. le caused • ' • , a , ,„ his death. Judge Bayley thus delivered mi ,opinio • " T ' I.- = 11 . ... take it to be quite clear, that if a ieisl , PPPou, o f • of medical education, in a case where pro -anion aid •el might be obtained, undertakes to administer Inedi ••• • a.ine which may have , occasions death, suchis i ' a • I le Inc ha` • person guilty of manslaughter. ''anal • • but h hase no evil intention, or may have a. good one, ~ atoa • 0 no right to hazard the consequences in a case 'a ate °'t':: %flare, medical assistance mayabe obtained. If he does tour t ), It is at his peril." Lord Hale, as we before observed, 1: ' : .., r l . .!' fury energetic to a contrary decision, saying, ` - ',"l forbid that any mischance ofthis kind should re... 4 Mt a e a ~i Person guilty of murder or manslaughter I . " This port Ns • Wilcock's • L aw Peeting Judge Bayley is taken from Laws relatin ~ Tho gto the 'medical profession. • App. ccxxvii. ~,, , eourteu, u.,gh Mr. Justice Ba I ' decisions were always yey s 1,, . sat a yet the most memorable case upon which he the s Judge, V'as the action for libel brought in 1819 by izo.,, , r e Attorney• General against Richard Carlisle, for the i • • Ipublication of Thomas Paine's Age of Reason, and :'a ° ( :' , ,ais ; .11 0 0 other infidel, commonly miscalled " Theological," l i kri lete. 'f . rks of that write-, and which, when it came on for lu, trial before him or] the exeiti e ~ • • 12th of October, occasioned such ;las e e 'thereat. The circumstances connected with this 0 case "re .„,•: th _, u s , . of too fresh occurrence to need our reverting to " ;it is sufficient k that the number of copies of ad ,. , ~to miner a ' b ock already disseminated over the world, had • an, -h al , ed, prior to the injunction, to 3,000, sold at .., ow ' rl-1 guinea a copy : t h at Mr. Carlisle conducted his ,Jtf ', ' a n ea se himself, and on the third day of the trial actu -4,r: ~..ItY desir e d to be permitted to call the Archbishop of 2- oanterhury, the nigh Prie.st of Jews, and the leaders .4., -their aarious sects of Ch r i st i ans, to show the discrepancy of religious belief. Air. • , . Justice Bayley'a speech upon this occasion, in •'••• passing sentence for blasphemy on the libeller, in Nov. Na 6, 1 819, was published in a threepenny form by Chap- 'of the Royal Exchange. The address is solemn ~ 7 ; 1 . 1 ZIA .mpressive. Carlisle, he said, was convicted of at e, la a a•c a Pmg the purity of that which we believe to be true, , a , of attempting to undermine that faith upon which ~ ~ .• i.`" our hopsoe of happiness here and hereafter are -- a,9',..1111dcd attacking those bonds and rules which em :d „:tee together all our moral and social institutions in ta l , I , , 17' is a rre ; of attacking the faith of the country, and our al , ) '' l a , and holy religion, upon which all hopes and ex le, Peetations are founded. . 1 „_, ~ . Judge Bayley finally sentenced him, according to the "!•tidgraent of the Court, to a fine of I,OOCL, and imprison •• a,a f o r ln • in Dorset gaol for two years, with a minor penalty • tb •.:, ( j e publication of another blasphemous work. • Zan, udge Bayley's work, entitled "The Summary of the e L of Bills of Exchange," which has been a standard 4tlll l7lPok in the profession for years, and of inestimable ser 14ilae to the commercial world, demands some notice. - "Is work was given to the public when the venerable ~ i • 1 • 1 111 '../eet of this memoir was a barrister-at-law. It col ','''l'' 4e,eted to almost all the learning upon this branch 931 l aw, which had been scattered to the four winds, and "1 • "ncent d into focus all determinations upon the af-1 rate one ' Ina of bills and notes, explaining at the same time the " : a Principles of those determinations in a methodized and I:uutorehensive form. Mr. Bayley published this work '3l : ' 4 / 1 41 178 9, and on t h e 25t h o f May, 1797, issued a second !, edition, greatly enriched with his own notes and ex a, tracts. On his elevation to the Bench, he had not wearree„.. leisure to prepare a new edition. W. E. Barnes, ftri i ,e barrister, produced a third edition of it in 1812, of 11 1,p book be' ' g o n e, as allle al and commercial men must I:a be aware, in which new cases g are continually arising. The death of Mr. Barnes left the Editorship again ("pen, and in 1822 Sir ,john Bayley devoted himself to its revision and re• editing, which contained, in addition to leav cases, a new chapter upon the Forgery of Bills and ••• 4.- etes.' The last and most valuable edition, however, is t hat which appeared in 1830, edited by Francis Bayley, •-• - I .'s h th ird which, in addition to all former en .,, .., Il e isson, . ,at alehments and additions, carries it down to a very recent period, an d t h e tent h chapter, particularly, ' l'e - writte n . ' Saunders and Benning are, we believe, the ' ',publishers. In 1831, Mr. Justice Bayley was removed, at his own - se , request, from the Court of King's Bench, where he had sai for 22 years, to the Exchequer. To a most benevolent heart, this Learned Judge added ,lh dignified manners of the gentleman, e e die d a and a degree of •a profeasiOnal erudition that ever placed him in the first ' ink of Westminster Hall. His exquisite amenity of a,nner was proverbial ; his countenance was remarkable I tor its philosophic composure ; his person was tall, while 4ill unalterable kindliness of disposition rendered him Itniversally beloved by the whole profession—judges, bar, l''' %It saitors. No Judge ever obtained a higher or more de s *m -eved character for honour, integrity, and . 1 Petal ai ic m a ., tY• All party feelings he utterly . disre •and " tk i on occasion of State trials, and this just and praiseworthy conduct has been alleged as a bar to :hi y l a s elevation to the office of Chief Justice, which arias as so well qualified to fill. On criminal 4 a - a s he was ever the humane and merciful 'g e • In the Court of Queen's Bench lie was iseinor J itioaJudg e for many years, and pronounced the deci us of the Court with that mildness u for * hich his whole life was remarkable. From his eaten- wee eTequaintance with the law, his clear intellect, and his 1,7:141-established character for impartiality, his opinion ..Tud,er looked up t o w i t h great res p ect b y hi s b rot h er 'CO be 3 In a ce l e b rate d ease i n w hi c h t hi s Journal was iii ncere ed „, a Mr. J us ti ce B a yl e y d ec id e d • t h e C ourt Will ° i f avour, by a well-timed remark, which The " c mg be remembered in Westminster Hall. Iva Atto rney•General (Sir Charles Wetherell) ghat, endeavouring to lay it down as an axiom of law, f $.l-' diplomatist was not be judged by the strict rules l) " .l ath as other men, and might be excused for dating a 4 ell on board one of his Majesty's ships in the Ta anis . • ho t Vhile he actually wrote it in London. "I like a l _ i esty in all places, Mr. Attorney," said the virtuous 7a l _ l _wge. The Judges consulted for a few minutes, and _ 1 4 Tenteeden announced, with apparent reluctance, tuat the Court did not consider it expedient to confirm t he rule. Co7l T mu, • -I A new live act comedy, from the pen of Sheridan Knowles, and bearing the promising title of Old Maids, was produced at this theatre last evening with complete success. It is neither a . satire on, nor a defence of, the antiquated sisterhood from which it takes its name, but is rather an apology for those young ladies, who, for the cause of old maidism, " Contending with more zeal than heed," are at length— . _ _ Ta'en captive by the common foe," - man, and compelled, without regret, to put on wed lock's chains. The opening scene takes place in a room in the house of Sir Philip Brilliant (Mr. C. Mathews.) We cannot better describe his character' . than' in the words of our author--" Sir Philip Brilliant is h butterfly in the drawing-room, but a man in the field. - His nature is of the true stuff, He is a blade of proof in a dainty scabbard; you may laugh at the scabbard, but you won't at the blade." Sir Philip discusses the merits of a new suit, with which he means to "affront all comparison" for its fashion and splendour, with his valet, Master Robert (Mr. W. Lacy), a pleasant incontinent rogue— but a frank one and honest withal—a rogue for the humour only, and after having settled . the impor tant matter of a wrinkle near the seam of the left shoulder, he sallies forth to Ludgate-hill to chide Master Blount (Mr. F. Matthews), the jeweller, who so slightly set his beaver jewel that lie lost it in ,the street., This Master BlOunt has two sons, the eldest, John (Harley), to all appearance a plodding artisan, and his father's favourite—the youngest Thomas (Mr. G. Vandenhoff), loves his father, 'but not his father's craft; He is the favourite of his mother, Mistress Blount (Mrs. W. West), who defends his cause with great eloquence and energy. Sir Philip arrives, rates and insults old Blount, whose cause is taken up by his son Thomas. Sir Philip, won by his manliness of bearing, challenges him, intending to change a pass or two with him to prove him. They meet, and the result is, that Sir Philip takes upon himself the charge of Thomas Blount's for tunes, who bids farewell to desk and counter. In the second act we find Sir Philip and Thomas (now Colonel Blount) returned from the wars, and visiting Lady Anne (Mrs. Nisbett) and Lady Blanche (Madame Yes tria) the two would-be old maids. Of Lady Anne it is said— " She glories in her single state ; and train'd To mastery in studies men affect, ' And seldon v i progress in as well as she, Looks down on all our sex o' e rbearin g ly, And leaves the field to lovely Lady Blanche, Who, though she smiles on courtship, looks as cold On matrimony as her scornful friend ; While troops bec.iege her." Lady BlancLe is a finished coquette ; shehas,,how ever,- once been touched when, disguised as a yeoman's daughter, she went to a certain goldsmith's to make pur chases, and there saw that goldsmith's son, and won his heart. She recognises the goldsmith's son in the person of Colonel Blount, who still dearly loves the yeoman's daughter, but does not recognise her in the fashionable Lady Blanche. Sir Philip fancies that he loves the Lady Manche, and so firm is his faith in the old maidism of Lady Anne, that he seeks her advice how to woo the Lady Blanche. She advises him to dreSs• less and study more, undertakes to superintend his studies, and, to use his own words, makes him from nothing what he is—a man. The result may be easily guessed—. they fall desperately in love with each other, he forgets Lady Blanche, she consents to love, honour, and obey, and thus end her visions of single blessed ness. Meanwhile Lady Blanche endeavours to cap tivate the Colonel, but without success ; he • still cherishes the remembrance of the yeoman's daughter, and although Blanche assumes male attire and forces herself thus disguised into his company, she has no idea that the yeoman's daughter is the object of his affection, although she ascertains that he luves not her as Lady Blanche, and is very miserable in consequence: Turn we now to the fortunes of the Colonel's brother John. The old goldsmith has given up his business to his worthy son, " who sells off stock and trade and quits the shop," and becomes a frequenter of race courses and places of amusement, where his vanity lays him open to commonest observers. He meets with Master Robert, and hearing Robert addressed after the fashion of " Iligh Life Below Stairs," by his master's title, scrapes 'ac quaintance with him, and fancies that he is the intimate of the veritable Sir Philip, and of his goodness prays an introduction to some lady he thinks may suit him. Ro bert introduces him to Charlotte (Mrs. Humby), Lady Blanche's maid, as Lady Blanche, and lest she should refuse him as plain Master Blount, he assumes, by Robert's desire, the title of Colonel Blount. Blanche is confiding her sorrows to Lady Anne, when Jane (Miss Lee), Lady Anne's maid, enters, and re minds her mistress that she has given her leave to spend the afternoon with Charlotte, and, in answer to her mistress, tells her it is a wedding, and that she believes Charlotte is about to marry Colonel Blount. Lady Blanche determines to be present at the nuptials, in order to satisfy herself as to the fact, and to escape de tection attires herself as the yeoman's maid. It is needs less to say that when the Colonel recognises the yeo man's maid in Lady Blanche, he takes her in all humility and thankfulness and love ; while John, on whom no serious design has been ever en tertained by Charlotte, after being well laughed at for his folly, is by the intercession of Thonias pardoned by his father and mother, whose society he had cut as much too vulgar for the aristocratic alliance he had in perspective. The comedy is replete with exquisite poetry, and sound and healthy and manly poetry too. Take as an example the following reply of Colonel Blount to the question of Lady Blanche:— " What is a battle ?" • " Glory, Madam, In a just cause ; but at the best bought dearly When men destroy their brother men, like them Framed in the image of their common Maker." Or the following extract from the same scene : " Can he who games have feeling ?—yes, he may ! But better, in my mind, he had it not ! For I esteem him preferable far, In rate of manhood, that has not a heart, To him that has, and makes vile use of it : The one is traitor unto nature, which The other can't be call'd." The following description of mens' gaits, which is put into the mouth of Sir Philip, is quite Shaksperian : " There's matter in men's gait, good Robert ! Therein you have the impress of their callings ; There is the clerk's gait, which implies obedience ; The shopkeeper's, half service, half command ; The merchant's, o'er-revolving speculations ; The lawyer's, quick and keen at quirks and flaws ; The student's, ponderous as piles of folios ; The courtier's, supple, prompt for courtesies ; The soldier's, keeping time with drums and trumpets ; And twenty others—all most common-place ! But there's one gait that's paramount of all— The gentleman's — , that spealls not any calling." This description was excellently given by Charles Mathews, who was throughout the very Sir Philip of the author. Mr. G. Vandenholf is much improved since his last appearance on these boards ; his Colonel Blount is a most powerful piece of acting. This gentleman has taken a giant's stride in his, professional career. The part of Lady Blanche was just suited to Madame Vestris, and she made the most of it. Her coquetry was most fascinating ; and in the last act she exhibited a pathos and tenderness for the possession of which we had not previously given her credit. Mrs. Nisbett was excellent as Lady Anne ; her transition from the stiff primness of the premature old maid, to the naivete and joyousness of loving four-and-twenty, was perfectly true to nature. We were not surprised at Sir Philip Brilliant falling in love with his charming in structress. Mrs. W. West had but little to do as Mis tress Blount, but that little was done so admirably, that we wished to see more of her. Harley was exceeding quaint as John Blount. The author, how ever, in writing this character, has committed the mis take of supposing that there is som e thi ng w itty i n th e constant repetition of a pet sentence by the same cha racter at all times and in all places. The only disapprobation manifested throughout the piece was,in consequence of the constant repetition of John Blount, of the phrase, "If there is one thing I am better in " Than any other thing." This, however, is a mistake which may be 'Very easily rectified. Knowles was loudly called for at the fall of the curtain—he however was not forthcoming. Cooper then came forward, and after stating that Mr. Knowles was not in the house, announced the comedy for repeti tion every evening amidst loud applause. It is almost a work of supererogation to say that everything that the most elegant taste could do for the comedy, in the way of scenery, dresses, and decora tions, has been done. The house 'was crammed, and long before the ri s i ng o f t h e curtain there was not even staning room in the pit. ABERDEEN, OCT. had a most violent night, which con ti nue d ;w i th little ]lio till 941WaYednzsday mo rn i ng . Th e Dee was a st h o a r t m em n swollen about six feet above its usual Inark__, elearn and l a great i th f a r t om a deal of .farm produce w as fl oate d down. the country that some l aug h s were swept, lV and r great deal of damage was done to the crops. Mr. William Shaw, who died at West Derby on Tuesday week, has left the munificent sum of 9 ,0004 to the following public charities in Liverpool, namely— Blue - Coat Hospital, 500/. ;to the Infirmary, 3001 to the Dispensaries, 3001 . ; to the School for the Blind, 3001. ; to the School for the Deaf and Dumb, 3001. ; and to the District Provident Society, 3001. THE STRIKE OF THE MASONS.—On Satur day there was 1G men at work, and the number yesterday was increased to 57, of this body there is only one man that was working previous to the strike, and previous to his recommencing his labour he ceased to be a member of the Union. The men now at work have all come from the provinces, and it has required the greatest exertions on the part of the contractors to prevent them being eithlr intimidated or led away by bodies of the Unionists, who wait the arrival of each train at every Railway Station. As yet there is not an Unionst amongst the masons; but the contractors say they will not refuse a man belong ing to the Union employment , but th e y w ill not allow him, or any body of them, to dictate to them as to what work shall be done: The contractors are also most desirous of letting the body of masons know that they have most positively' deter mined to retain Mr. Allen in his situation. They do it as a matter of principle • they say he has been a most fi.ithf u l servant to them ; and andtheywill keg) him while he lives. Indeed sooner than they would discharge Mr. Allen they wot.ld give t his and abide the result, if it oft-IT-es ruin o , r was crowded with Unionists , him to be the victimbecause ttsa other t h e c y o contract, yesterday It'u distribution age was b b tl n ie t ir th la a n i p n o l a i n c e s outsideu t ol l Inspector Taylor, both interfering with those going to and coming from work, more than jeering them as they passed along. ncle r the the work; d i ) e or c: n t k i Oaenrabetoadney:oo(fi n s a t s i s l a p i tF ff e as :et Palace -yard l ie t s r r ni ; d o l t e f i i oeaegrisfi; - 7 f TIIE SUN. LONDON, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 13. 1841 COT CIRCULAR WINDSOR, TUESDAY.-The-very unfavourable state o the weather has prevented her Majesty and Prince Albert front leaving the Castle to-day. We are happy to state her Majesty continues in good health. The Marquis Ormonde, has succeeded Lord Byron (who leaves to-morrow), as the Lord in Waiting on the Queen ; and Captain the Hon. A. Hood has succeeded Sir Frederick Stovin (who left to-day) as the Grdom in Waiting on her Majesty. Sir James Clark left the Castle last evening. Her Majesty and Prince Albert had submitted to ,their inspection this morning a most beautiful specimen of Bisque china, comprising a full-length portrait of his Royal Highness the Duke of Sussex, and a splendid basket, in imitation of fine twiggins, a process peculiar to the manufactory. Her Majesty and his Royal High ness were graciously pleased to express their admiration and approbation. • Field-Marshal the Duke of Wellington left the Castle to-day. Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Gloucester, at tended by Lady Caroline Legge, left her residence, Glou cester House, yesterday morning, to honour the. Earl and Countess of Mayo with a visit at their residence at . Bognor. . Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, and the Princess Augusta of Cambridge, at tended by Major Stephens, honoured Covent-Garden Theatre with their presence on Monday eyening, Their Royal Highnesses afterwards left town for their resi dence at Kew, Colonel Perceval had an interview with Sir Robert Peel yesterday at his official residence in Downing-street. The Duke of Wellington returned to town yesterday from a visit to her Majesty at 'Windsor Castle. Count St. Aulaire, the French Ambassador, and. M. Tricoupi, the Grecian Minister, transacted businessyes terday at the Foreign-oilide. The Duke of Buckingham left town yesterday morn.. ing for his seat, Stowe, Bucks. Baron Brunow, the Russian Minister, gave a grand dinner last evening at Ashburnham House: The Ba roness Brunow had afterwards an evening party. Lord Stanley entertained his Grace the Duke of Wel lington and a select party at dinner yesterday at his re sidence in St. James's-square. LITERATURE. THE CANADAS IN 1841. Colburn, London, 1841. So much has. been written - and spoken about Canada of late years, from the time when the late Messrs. Galt and Picken published their reports oil the subject,- down to the last debate On it ill the House of Commons, that the theme has become nearly as destitute of interest, as it is of novelty. The Falls of Niagara—the Lake of the ThOusand Isles—the Heights of Abraham at Quebec—Toronto—M. Papineau—and Lord Durham's Report;—all these various matters,, descriptive, geographical, and political, have been discussed by such hosts of writers, that one would scarcely suppose it possible to impart to them the slightest attraction. Yet Sir Richard Bonnycastle, to whom we are indebted forthe present volumes, has in some degree contrived to do so; • but this, principally, by his terse, lively, good-humoured mode of narration, for as regards the chief amount of his matter, it is as old as the hills. It is to his credit that he has done all that sound judgement could do for an exhausted theme ; and ,not less is he - deserVing of praise for the tolerant and dispassionate spirit that pervades his work. His opinions of the prospects of the Canadas are, on the whole, en couraging, and he -assures us that " those who have not had the advantage of viewing. their pro gress, can scarcely credit the extent of their pre sent power and importance." Of Toronto, the capital of Upper Canada, he says, " only forty five years ago, this city, which now contains nearly fifteen thousand inhabitants, and spreads over a surface of more than two miles in length, by a mile in breadth, was occupied only by the murderous and savage Indian; and when Go vernor Simcoe first came to it, not more than two wigwams were seen in the unbroken and stately forest which towered over the shores of its beau tiful bay." One great proof of the increasing prosperity of this portion of Upper Canada is the value of land in the neighbourhood of Toronto. On the military reserve, .now forming into the new westtrn portion of the city, acre lots sold by Government fetched five and six hundred pounds at some distance from the parts of the city built upon. " Building-ground in the populous streets," adds our author, " is worth from ten to twenty pounds a foot, and will no doubt be much higher; and thus many persons who formerly were very needy, and who obtained the land as grants when it was of little value, are now among the richest." It is only, however, within the last five years that Toronto has advanced so ra • pidly ; and we are assured that it will never be so flourishing as it ought to be, until offices and honours are alike open to all classes of the Bri tish people in it as they are in England. The following information may be useful to those who may be inclined to emigrate to this rising capital of Upper Canada : Families emigrating to Toronto will wish to know as well about markets as about servants and house-rent. Servants are not in general of the best kind. Females coming out usually get married after a short service, and settle, either as the wives of mechanics or farmers ; and men or boys obtain so much wages as mechanics or la bourers, that it is obviously their interest to seek such employment. A good mason or carpenter may stipulate fGr 6s. or 7s. 6d. a day ; a labourer gets constant employ ment at from 2s. 6d. to 3s. 9d., according to the nature of his work ; and many of them, by keeping a horse and cart and a cow, may double that amount. Considering that from eight to ten dollars a month (forty to fifty shillings currency) are the highest wages given to men servants, and from four to six dollars to women (I mean as an avenge, for some of the higher classes give more, in order to keep their servants with them), with their daily food, it is not to be wondered at that, in a cheap country, they seek labour with a view to ultimate rest, on property independently deriVed. ' House rent is high at Toronto. A good house for a small family, consisting of two stories, with kitchen and cellar, perhaps about five or six rooms above the level of the street, costs forty-five or fifty pounds a-year, and about two pounds for road and other city taxes. With this limited accommodation, there is generally a sm all stable and sleigh-h ouse , and yard just sufficient to hold about half the wood required for the winter, which, for a faMily able to afford such a lodging, would ' amount to about thirty or forty cords. Stoves are generally used; although coals from the .state of Ohio, on Lake Erie, are coming into the market, by way of the Welland canal, and cost at present, from is. 6d. to is. Bd. per bushel. The author's' description of the " Falls of Niagara," we pass without comment, for the scene has already been described by Howison, Miss Martineau, and all who have ever found,' their way to the American shores. The sketches of the great fresh-water sea s —f or such may—the Canadian lakes be called—are among the mi nutest and most spirited we have yet seen ; Lake Huron seems most to have struck the author's fancy, and he states that in the winter seasons, the waves on this vast expanse of water are quite as tremendous as those that are met with in the Atlantic, in a gale. We close this sketchy notice with some details of a horrid tragedy that took place in the year 1828 : On the 15th of November, 1828, the brig Granicus left the port of Quebec on her voyage to Britain, or Ire land, with timber. It is supposed that she was wrecked on the east point, as parts of the ship were found there, and that the crew must have met with one of the direc tion-boards, which indicated a supply of provision twelve miles off, in the direction of Fox Cove, as the board was found, as if brought by one of the unhappy sufferers, at the place where the tragedy afterwards happened. Upon arriving at the provision post, after what must have been to them a dreadful and perilous journey, they must have found it • deserted, and nothing but an empty log-hut and store-room to receive them, weary as they were. Godin had left it in the autumn for Quebec, where he is said to have been imprisoned for debt ; and in his subsequent examination he averred that he had received orders to withdraw, and that the provisions, consisting chiefly of salt pork, biscuit and flour, had rotted. He has been accused of plundering it ' • but it is said that he proved his order s t o w ithd raw , a n d was acquitted of all blame. The scene that now ensued harrows the feelings. The boat was found at Fox Cove, not far from another post, with provision in it, by some of the Magdalen Island fishermen, in May, 1829, and it is probable the crew had been too much exhausted, after the ship was wrecked, to make any further use of it. The fishermen stated that they found in the house many bodies, or parts of bodies, suspended,. and a chest filled with human flesh. There was a rude almanack scribbled on the b oar d s o f t h e house, which terminated on the 23d of April, the 22d being the last (late legibly . emecuted. • The beami were literally hung, like a butcher's with human carcases ; and a pot was found resting on the ashes, in which some of the undevoured and mon strous meal still remained. Bones and putrid flesh were found strewed about the place ; money, watches, rings, and a note in pencil, signed " B. Harrington," desiring that forty-eight s overe i gns, which were found as therein stated, with his body in his hammock, should be sent home to Mary Harrington, Barrack -street, Cove of Cork. This unfortunate being, true to his filial or marital duty even amidst all his wretchedness, was the only unmu dieted form amid the heap of dead. He had fed on the last surviving relic of the horrible mortality The fishermen gathered together as much of the sad remains of their fellow -creatures as they could, and decently interred them. They thought they could per ceive the skeletons, and part of the flesh,.of three child ren, two women, and eight men ; and th e l oat h some skeletons of two oth ers were also found in the forest, to which it is supposed they must have retired to sutler the excruciating pangs of hunger, and thus by meeting the death of Nature, to avoid b e i ng preyed upon by these maddened cannibals. THE WEATHER.. —since our last the weather has continued to be the reverse of what is either agree able or useful for the gathering in of the remainder of the grain crops or the progress of the potatoe harvest. Rain, and a. close unwholesome haze, have more fre quently prevailed than breeze or sunshine, and very little has been done during the last few days to effect a clearance of what remains in the fields,—Glasgow Herald, OL. NAPIER ON THE CORN LAWS. The celebrated Colonel Napier, the author of the admirable..." History of the Peninsular War," has p u bli s h ed a pamphlet in favonr of the Corntlaws, which it is. our duty, in deference to his commanding abilities, and the services he has rendered to the cause of liberty, to subject to a strict examination. We give him the credit of being sincere. He has a living belief in the validity of the objections he states to the aboli tion of the 'Corn-laws; while the multitude of writers in the daily journals have no such belief. They put forth doctrines for. an express party . purpose. without believing ) , even if .they compre hend, them. To every-sincere opponent we shall pay a proper deference, but -the advocates of a bad cause for pay are unworthy of attention. Colonel Napier's pamphlet is addressed .to Lord Ashley, " because his persevering efforts to protect the factory children, give him a just title to the respect of all persons who acknowledge the value of justice and benevolence in national policy." We quote the paragraph as a clue to the Colonel's reasoning. He writes " justice and benevolence ;" but though he writes the benevo lence last, it has the foremost place in his esteem. Whatever benevolence there may be in limiting the hours of infant labour, we cannot comprehend the justice of a Ten Hours' Bill which sanctions by law the working of infants, who, in justice, ought not to work at all, ten hours a day. Neither can we comprehend the justice ot.the, be nevolence of refusing food by law to the very in fants whom Lord Ashley by law exposes 'to ten 'hours' toil a day. But Colonel Napier is not sin gular in being caught-by noisy show, though we had given him credit for a more military eye than to be caught by a showy parade. Quite akin, to this love of Lord Ashley's benevolence, and this sli g hti ng th e cl a i ms of justice, are Col. Napier's observations on the manufacturing labourers. They are worthy of an Indian hunter panting for his free woods, or a soldier thinking only of man as food for powder. The Colonel says— Is it a national benefit to have hardy ploughmen turned into squalid weavers, crowded together in misery and immorality; begetting beings still more miserable and squalid than themselves, toiling inces santly in heat, and dust, and gloom, without a glimpse of green fields 'or clear running waters to cheer their sight, the burring of Machinery to stun their brains in stead of the notes of birds to greet their ears ; the harsh commands and spying watchfulness of avaricious mas ters and overseers.ever present to them, instead of the gracious presence ofuature, with her gentle beauties and delights, such as God has presented them for the enjoy ment of man, to cheer and sustain his faculties ; their only pleasures those of debauchery, of sensuality, gross and debilitating, because for no others have they time granted them, and some solace the human ani mal must have. If you deny it to his reason, he will obtain it by his passions, and in the un happy weaver's case these -passions will be influenced, even to insanity,. -by the corruption and sourness of the natural juices, from unwholesome occupations and discontent. Can such men ever have the physical power to defend their country, and with their de moralised habits Can they take any patriotic interest in its welfare? Can those who wily know their country as a pri son be warmed by the t k acred fire of patriotism? Can they Who never • see or feel The ordinary delights and beauties of nature, those silent but most efficacious consolations of miserable minds,, can they have any natural enthusiasm ? It is indeed one of the crotchets of the political econo mists to disregard all human sufferings in the transition from one. State of society to another, provided it can be shown by a rigorous-course of reasoning from data as sumed by themselves, that the country will finally benefit by the change. If the wretched agricultural labourers are only absorbed, as they call it, at last all will be right —the riches of the country will be augmented—that is their only test of natural happiness." - Wretched as are all these people, they are surely not made happier, stronger, or more healthy by a tax on their food, and by such an artificial value being given by a Corn-law to every foot of soil, that they must never - .hope even to enjoy or own a garden-plot. The Colonel is undoubtedly eloquent, but surely *the Corn laws contribute to stifle patriotism by luinger, to make the country a priSon, to subject men to avaricious masters, and to weaken the existing and all future generations, and to produce all the evils the -Colonel eloquently describes. All the 'manufacturers are not weavers, and the smiths, bricklayers, masons, carpenters, millwrights ) miners, colliers, machine-makers, &c., who -.constitute a 'large proportion of the manufacturing . population, arc in all respects, we will' venture to assert even in physical power to defend the country, superior to agricultural labotirers. In truth this is elo quent but idle talk, for the manufacturing la bourers, with their great skill and powerful ma chines, would be found, we apprehend, a match for the best _organized army, were they put to the test. The two passages we have quoted are specimens of erroneous feeling in the Gallant Officer,, who allows the conventional and now antiquated prejudices of the hunter and the ngri culturist to overmaster observation, and there upon condemn the most modern, and there fore the most civilized, condition of society. 'We pity the ignorance or the prejudice of the man who can see nothing iin our manufacturing system but hand-loom weavers, and factory children:. We must now pass, however, from Colonel Napier's feeling to his reasoning. He begins with this assumption : In the present state of the public burthens the cry of " Cheap bread for the working man" is a delusion. The. price of labour will sink with the price of corn. Is this true ? We will inquire. The Colonel adds, and.we quote the whole passage in order do him no injustice : The political economists who clamour for the aboli tion of the Corn-law, feel. the force of this argument, and strive to evade it in' the vagueness of a general maxim, namely, that the value of labour will be go verned by demand and supply. This maxim is, how ever, subject to disturbing influences, and 'in many cases prices govern demand and supply, for men sell not without profit, nor buy without means ; and with respect to labour,' the relations of demand and supply cannot, in a co un t ry so th i ckly popu l ate d as E ng l and, vary much generally, although special causes, such as harvest time, may produce partial influxes and refluxes of labour. Some standard more obvious and immediate for the many is therefore required to determine the value of labour, and that standard has always been the price of provisions, of whiCh corn is the chief regulator. It must be so ; fur what farmers, unless driven thereto by some special pressure, would pay as much for labour when corn was five shillings 'the bushels as when it was fifteen shillings ? Biit it is in the nature of things that the labourer should strive to get as much as possible for his labour, and the employer give as little as possible; and in a po pulous country the labotirer will always be beaten in this struggle. He will beTrechiced.to the lowest scale of re muneration:— Ist. Because the employer, being richer, can hold out longest; and this is so certain that it will almost always be found that poor men pay higher for htbour than ca pitalists do. 2d. Because the employers have a general interest in avoiding competition with eac h o th er , grea t er t h an t h e. particular interest of the moment arising from want of labour. 3d. Because the labourer who holds out has only a choice between work and starvation, or the poor-house with its degradation and cruelty, 4th. Because his fellow-labourers have an immediate interest in getting some wages, more pressing, because it is to avoid starvation or the workhouse, than their ge neral interests as members of the labouring- community. Indeed, this inevitable pressure upon the labourer is heavy enough to crush him altogether (it does so when the supply of labour is greater than the demand), if a countercheck arising from the necessity of keeping him alive to do his work, did not interfere. Moreover man, although an intelligent - being, has so much. of the brute animal, in his na ture that he w ill se i ze w h at . he wants if driven to desperation. Fear, therefore, as well as interest„ maOs the employer set bounds to . his cupidity ; 'he - dois not compare th e propor tions of demand to supply, but he feels the neces s ity o f yielding sufficient sustenance to the laboure r w h ose despair he dreads, and upon whose strength to work h e is h at e I f and dependit its o e x p l e t r f l o t r i o a n l he mu enjoys.s must b edetermined by the price of food ; yet even: this law is not so stron g as a ye- This is the natu ral rice, witness the"constant necessity for military inter ference to protect employers in manufaeturing districts. We inquire, f irst , will the price of labour sink with the price of corn? The Colonel's as sertion is unlimited by either time, place, or cir cumstances, and is as general as it can be made. As a general assertion, then, we first de i al With it. Labour and corn are two of the things which are mutually exchanged. One, therefore,. is the measure or price of the other. Labour .as Adam Smith saysOvas the first p urc h ase-mOney with which 'all price was paid. It is so at all times. Men 'give 7"so Much labour to the soil, and that pays 'for'a, certain definite quantity of corn which the soil produces. So far, then, as corn and labour are exchanged for each other— and that exchange is probably as vast'as any ex change which is made —as the price of labour sinks, the price of labour rises, and as the price of corn sinks, the price of labour rises ; or, in propor tion to the labour man employs in growing corn,: as that is abundant or scarce, so do the wages, or price of labour, rise or fall . . The very reverse, therefore, of Colonel N . a r m or's statement i s t h e truth.- In dealing even with a friend on such an important subject, we must speak out, and we are, therefore, h ou nd to - say, that C o l one l N a- Pier's proposition, unlimited as' to. ti me an d space, is a palpable absurdity, - But there are two measures of Price, labour-= the universal purchase money, and What is called currency. Now corn may be produced by a less quantity of labour, and so fall in price. It, may become more abundant. It may fall in price from the currency being curtailed. If it fall in price from the latter cause, labour will fall in price also, because the common measure of price in this 'case is raised or lengthened, • and all the things it measures are lowered or shortened. But if corn fall in price from becoming more abundant, from a greater quantity being in the community, and to be distributed amongst the members, it is erroneous to say that labour will fall' in price as corn falls. There is more to be consumed ; the opulent classes, as the rule, have alrhuly as much as they can eat; and therefore only the classes who were bef ore s h ort, or t h e I labouring classes, will - get more. But how can they get more if wages fall as the price of corn falls? They will not fall to the same extent as, the price of corn, and the labourers, hardly as we admit they are treated, will necessarily be al lowed some small share of the abundance. The fundamental proposition of all Colonel Napier's reasoning, which, we regret to say, he seems to have borrowed rom Tory scribblers without subjecting it to exam:nation, is erroneous, and so is all the reasoning founded on it. With a very singular shortsightedness fur such ' a master of the military - coup d'ceil, Colonel Na pier, having adopted the principle that wages will fall as the price of bread falls, proceeds to argue that the expenses of an English fitrmer will remain nearly the same. His assertion is the . inore singular, because the instance he se lects is that of a farmer, who will not, he says, give the same wages when corn is at ss. a bushel as when it is 15s. The only expenses to, which the farmer is subjected, which, according to Colonel Napier, will not fall; are tithes and taxes; but the farmer pays no more taxes, in pro portion than any other person, and lie has no right to throw his share of taxation on the eaters of bread by another tax. Tithes, too, are now merge& irrvent, - .add lib'Otherwise affect the far iner than that the landlord, who has to pay the tithes, increases the rent. But Colonel Napier admits that rent may, as no doubt it would, fall with the fall of price. It ought, for price is now kept up bylaw to keep up . rent. He admits, too, that the expense of seed corn will be less; on his own theory he ought to admit that the wages of the labourers the farmer employs will be less; that the cost of repairs, because the wages 'of other labourers fall, will be less; and he ought to have admitted that the keep of all the animals the farmer employs will cost leSs. The farmer's Own food, also, will cost less, and so will the food of all his household servants. The second great assumption,' therefbre, of Colonel Napier, that the expenses of the farmer will remain nearly the same, whatever may be the fall in the price of grain, is as erroneous as the first. The princi pal part of the farmer's expenses consists of wages, seed corn, and the feed of his cattle, and his family ; and all these would be diminished without the wages of labour falling in the same proportion as the price of grain. It has been proved to satiety that the land of England is less burdened with taxes than the land of other countries. Yet Colonel Napier says— , It is the weight of taxation which renders a Cora-law necessary to the agriculturist. Why should he otherwise fear the foreigner in his own market ? His soil is rich, his climate not unfavourable generally ; his skill, his capital, his industry, his means of communication and transport superior. Why s h ou ld h e f ear ? We repeat the question—why should he fear? Colonel Napier says something about the Bank and something about tithes. The laws concern ing the Bank Colonel Napier admits to be bad; we say the same of the tithe law. We denounce the privileges of the Bank, and the power of the priesthood to take other people's produce ; but Colonel Napier, with a strange perversion of rea soning, would continu e th e l aws to starve t h e peopl, because the Bank •has a monopoly and tithes are in existence. The masses do not profit by those acts of injustice, but Colonel Napier Would continue a tax on their bread, because the Bank privileges and the existence of tithes may possibly curtail the rent of the landlords. What is the amount of all this? Why, that one bad law is the justification of another, and that it is only necessary to give the priesthood a power to plunder the people, to sanction the landlords in fbllowing the same example. We do not reason in that .way. We agree with Colonel Napier that other laws are erroneous and unjust as well as the• Corn-law, and we would put down the Corn-law'as a sure means of compelling the Le gislature to abolish the other unjust laws. Col. Napier is an excellent writer, but a bad reasoner. He describes the movements of soldiers admir ably, but he is deplorably ignorant of political economy. It grieves us to see a name we have been accustomed to honour ranged on the side of our enemies, and lending its lustre to their op pressions. STATE OF TRADE and COMMERCE. The demand for cotton at the beginning of last week was very brisk, and prices rose id. per lb. for American descriptions, but the Manchester goods market of Tues day was not so active as those of the two preceeding weeks, and the demand in consequence fell off towards the end, though the rise in prices_was, sustained. The autumn demand for twist for Russia and Poland, ends this week, the 16th being the latest day for the fulfilment of the contracts, and it is a matter of the deepest interest to see what state the trade will assume when that tem porary cause of activity ceases to exist. If it should con tinue to be favourable, the very strong fears for the coming winter, which are now entertained, will be much diminished. • Although the duty on foreign wheat has now risen to 16s. Bd. a quarter, and the averages have fallen consi derably, the price of good wheat is advancing in all the principal markets of the country, and it is generally be lieved amongst those best acquainted with the corn trade, that it will rise much higher before Christmas. The decline in the averages is occasioned by the inferior quality of the wheat which is now coming to market, which is in general lean and damp, the latter defect be ing greatly increased by the recent wet weather, which has much retarded the usual drying in the stack-. The yield is, however, so deficient, as to force up prices in spite of the quality. We know from some of the best farmers in this neighbourhood, that the yield of their wheat is ex ceedingly small—much less so than they expected before it was thrashed. In addition and aggravation of this is the failure of the potatoe crop, which is now as certained to be general in England and Ireland, and which in Lancashire and Cheshire is almost uni versal. Butchers' meat also continues very dear, and must he dearer, as the price of sheep and cattle is in creasing rapidly at present, owing to the shortness of the supply. We are informed that there is likely to be a decrease of thirty thousand head in the number of sheep brought to the Liverpool market this year, in compari son with last, and that the supply of cattle is also quite unequal to the demand. This arises partly from the disease amongst sheep and cattle, which has been so prevalent for the last two years in England, Scotland, and Ireland, and partly from the ill-judged efforts of the Legislature to force the cultivation of wheat and other descriptions of grain, by protective duties. If it had not been for the wonderful improvement which has taken place in the breed of Irish cattle and sheep during the last ten years, which enables the graziers of that country to bring heavier animals to market at two years old than they formerly could at four—beef and mutton would now have been nearly, if not quite, a shilling a pound. in Lancashire.—Liverpool Times. CAPTAIN BARCLAY'S SALE.—Captain Bar clay, of Ury's, annual sale of pure short-horn bull calves, half-bred yearling heifers and steers—a cross be tween a short-horn bull and pure bred Argyllshire cows —and pure bred Leicester sheep, came off on the 7th instant, and was as usual numerously and respectably attended. The sale commenced with the short-horned bull calves, and after a spirited bidding the first was knocked down at 75 guineas, the prices of the others ranging from 30 to 50 guineas, and the average price of the whole being about 451. a piece. There was also a keen competition for the yearling half-bred steers, and heifers, which brought an average price of about 121. a head. After the sale the-Captain entertained his friends at dinner, and the evening- was spent in a very happy manner. The : average of this year is three guineas a head higher than any former year. We are glad to find this celebrated sporting character so usefully employed. THE WEATHER AND. THE CROPS.—The season continues to be wet beyond all precedent, an in terval of twenty-four hours without rain being quite a rarity. Although all the corn crops are gathered in the lower parts of this county, there is still a considerable quantity of oats and some wheat out in the hilly dis tricts, much of which will never ripen, whilst that which does will only be fit for feeding cattle and pigs. Thy potato crop is suffering greatly from the continued wet, thousands of acres being quite rotten, or so soft and watery that they will not keep through the winter. No one can wonder at this who is acquainted with the : wretched drainage which generally exists in Lancashire and Cheshire, and who remembers that we have hardly had a week of dry weather singe June. The only thing that seems to flourish under this incessant fall of rain, is the*after-grass, which is more abundant this year than it has been at any time for many years preceding. Liverpool Times. TRIGONOMETRICAL SURVEY.—For the last fortnight a party of a dozen or fourteen of her Majesty's sappers and miners have been engaged—as:isted by a number of labourers from the country—in carrying to the top of Benlawers materials for lodgings to themselves and to the officers to be employed in the trigonometrical survey of Scotland. The bivouacks are now completed, and the business of the survey is forthwith to commence under Lieuts. llornby and. Robinson, of the Royal En gineers. • • DEATH OF DR. COWAN.—It is with the deepest pain we have this morning to announce the death of our accomplished and philanthropic townsman, Dr. Robert Cowan, Professor of Medical Jurisprudence in the University of Glasgow, which melancholy and un expected event took place on Saturday night, about eleven o'clock. - Dr. Cowan had been for some time in rather delicate health, and, we believe, intended to have spent a portion of the ensuing winter in the island of Malta ; but nothing had occurred to lead his friends to anticipate the melancholy change that was so soon to happen. As a Medical man,. Dr. Cowan occupied a high place. in this city; and; as a citizen, few of late years have done so much to awaken the attention of the public to the amelioration of the physical condition of our suffering population.—Glasgow Argus. • PROCLAMATION OF QUEEN CHRISTINA to the SPANISH NATION. (From the Charivari.) Castilians, Arragonese, Andalusians, Basques, and Vasco Navarrese !—The present is to inform you that I am about to resume the reins of the Regency, which an am bitious soldier had torn with violence from my Royal hands. This intelligence will fill your hearts with joy, fur I hope that, of course, like faithful subjects, you will not. hesitate to share my happiness. Yes, Spaniards ! I am happy to find myself once more among you; my hotel in the Rue de Courcelles is vast, spacious, and splendidly ornamented; in it my eye rests every moment upon some object which recals dear Spain to, my remembrance— golden vases, paintings of price, costly plate, which I carried off as mementos of my absent country; but with all this I am still dissatisfied. Paris bores me ; the %era, the Concees Musard, the artesian well, all the marvels of this capital fatigue me. The conversations of M. Vartout have become insupportable to me ; the stiff prudery of the Court is beyond every thing ; and I was obliged to remove from the Palais Royal, in order to receive my illustrious spouse, the handsome Munoz. In Spain at least I am married, but at the Tuileries I am only looked upon as a widow—a condition only to be borne in the vaudevilles of the Gymnase. The heroic movement which has just broken out at Pampeluna will now at last deliver me from this odious constraint. In order to redouble your enthusiasm I should wish to s h ow you how great is that with which I am oppressed. Martinez de la Rosa composes a tragedy every day in honour of O'Donnell, Perez de Castro sheds tears of emotion in pronouncing the name of that hero, and my drawing-rooms are filled with a warlike crowd, aspiring to share your dangers. I yesterday despatched to the frontiers a first detachment of Christinos, armed with guitars, to raise the people on their passage. At the conclusion of the hand-kissing which I intend to give to-morrow I expect to send you a further reinforcement of cigar merchants, who have remained faithful to me in Paris. Spaniards ! listen to the voice of your Queen, and be ware how you allow yourselves to be led away by the perfidious suggestions of my enemies. By revolting, by pursuing sword in hand the partisans of Espartero, you defend the cause of tranquillity, justice, and the laws. When a Government, the result of a people's suffrage, is in question, insurrection is the most sacred of duties. Rise, then, noble Castilians ; let disordet reign again, let the inseparable plagues of civil war re-appear, the cessation of commerce, the ruin of agriculture, and the violation of persons and property. My strength is in anarchy; without it I cannot reign. Let me first take the rank which is due to me among the reigning Sove reigns in the almanac, and then we Will busy ourselves about insuring to Spain the one who among the nations of Europe rightly belongs to her. Leave that care to me. Perhaps you will say, that the insurrection party are weak—that Espertero is at the head of a numerous and warlike army—that he possesses the confidence of the majority of the soldiers and people—that he is a man to pay his debts in person, and that you run the risk of being crushed if you declare in my favour. All that is stuff o'nonsense. You will be supported by a powerful nation; I here pledge you my most solemn promise of it. Let only two or three towns hoist the standard of rebel lion, and you will immediately see a French corps d'armcc cress the frontier. I have been promised it on oath, and it is an oath which they will beware of breaking. The Court is anxious for an intervention. It cannot tolerate the commencement of a republic at the very gates of France. The Court believes in contagion is political matters, and will support every effort made with a view to overthrow Espartero. Think you that the French Government have shut their eyes on the move ments of my partisans on the preliminary proceedings of O'Donnell, and on the depots of arms which we have formed on the frontiers, in order to abandon me in the sequel ? Olozaga, the Minister of the usurping Regent, was recently invited to Compiegne, but that was orly to lull his suspicions, and put him on a wrong scent as to our intentions. I, who am a Neapolitan, know some thing about these kin& of artifices ; and the better to conceal our projects let us gaily sing the barcarole. Guizot, dear Spaniards, is preparing a nice little in tervention to place me . on the Throne of my husband. The Duke of Orleans will command the invading army ; in a little time 'he will have crossed the Bidassoa. The staff officers have been appointed. As to the consequences of this intervention, you need not trouble yourselves about them ; you know that the juste milieu is not very particular ; and besides, if it had the audacity to show any very pressing opposition we should always have the resource of concluding a good solid treaty with England. Depend upon it Lord Aber deen will soon set to right all the Guizots in France or Algeria. And you, heroic deserters of Bergara, magnanimous citizens, who have betrayed your standards for places and money, you are worthy to hear me. I have need of your support, as you have need of mine. We can mu tually insure to each other the free enjoyment of the country's resources. You will enjoy in peace the reward of your defection, and I will cover you with my Royal protection. We will govern by traitors and for traitors. If Don Carlos is triumphant you are lost ; if the reign of Espartero continues the fruits of your treason will escape your grasp. Repulsed by every party I offer you a last asylum, a supreme alliance. If Maroto will be lieve, before eight days he shall have joined O'Donnell. I do not think it necessary, incorruptible Christinos, to entice you by the bait of a recompense. Let it suffice you to know that I shall constitute all those grandees of Spain and Knights of the Order of Isabella who shall rise in my cause. I will also assign to them their share of those revolutionists whom we shall give up to the exe cutioner or condemn to exile. We must be indemnified for the danger of war. And thus will I ensure to Spain that happiness and tranquillity which have always formed the burden of my prayers. Strike home, Spaniards ! lam impatient to see my triumph accomplished. It is right that I should leave Paris within the shortest time. Munoz has of late been seen loitering very frequently about La Place Breda. I verily suspect the traitor neglects me, and is running after lorettes. It is time to bring him back to Madrid, for I must tell you that I am jealous. Given at Paris in my Palace de las Courcellas, in the year 1841. CHRISTINA DA MUNOZ. Countersigned, MARTINEZ DE LA ROSA. BRIGHTON RAILWAY: TO THE EDITOR OF THE MORNING CHRONICLE. SlR—The late accident on the Brighton Railway has drawn forth so many letters of censure on the manage ment of that concern, that I hope the old maxim of " hear ing both sides" will secure this a corner in your paper. The principal charges are three : first, that the road was not in proper order ; secondly, the use of four wheeled engines ; thirdly, using two engines to one train. The answer to the first is, that Sir F. Smith (ap pointed by Government for that service) minutely in spected the whole line before the opening, and reported, not simply its fitness, but actually extolled its extraor dinary goodness. To the second charge the reply is, that the engines with four wheels are in constant use on several other railways, the London and Birmingham amongst them; and that these engines of the Brighton Company were from Mr. Bury, who makes for the London and Birmingham Company, and is the superin tendent of locomotive power on that line. To the third, charge a matter-of-fact reply is also ready, namely, that two engines are regularly applied to one train on the Great Western, the Liverpool and Manchester, and other lines. It ought likewise to be recollected that on the Brighton the engines were both in front, whereas on other lines one is put behind the train occasionally. Notwithstanding the sanction of the old railways as above stated th e Brighton Directors instantly bowed to the recommendation of the Coroner's Jury in both cases, thereby sustaining a loss of some thousand pounds, by having six of those four-wheeled engines thrown up useless. They have also adopted the suggestion of an anonymous writer, to place a luggage car next to the engine, and, no doubt, will gladly try any other device likely to promote the safety of the public. The report spread so industriously, that the Patcham tunnel had fallen in was malicious, because being so near Brighton the truth might have been ascertained and stated at first. The stage-coach people, perhaps, could account for this and other false rumours. In conclusion, let me say that the best guarantee the public have for all railway improvements is the certain loss sustained by those Companies whenever any disaster occurs. In the recent case of the Brighton, 2,0001. a week, at least, have been lost to its exchequer, besides that of the six engines and the heavy expenses caused by the accidents. Ne occasion to talk of a deodand. - • I am, Sir, your obedient servant, London. October 12, 1841. PAIR PLAY. [We bave cheerfully copied the abovepelertstoenra,lloynbtehaer principle' of " fair play"—and w e can testimony to the extreme care and attention paid by the Brighton Railway Company, Directors, officers, servants, and all connected with that concern, to the safety as well as comfort of the public. We are also happy to add, that the panic has now subsided, and that the trains load heavier than before.—ED.Sun.l THE FIRE AT NEWIN GTONBurrs.—A number of workmen have been engaged since yesterday morning in clearing away the ruins occasi one d by thi s sad event. The {Host scrupulous search is making a m ong the smoking pil e f or Mr. Merry's books, or a n y part o f them which may chance to remain unconsumed, but hitherto n o t a single scrap of i paper has be en di sc o v ered. a T h h l e e a o s s shSustained contained b deb by Mr. Merry AeriTs dmustue to e e veryhm to a n sliadregr large amount, and the insurance (1,6001.) does not cover the property consumed. The name of the unfortunate ser vant was Elizabeth Porter ,• she was eighteen years of age. • The distress of mind of the Messrs. Merry and their sister for the dreadful fate of their mother is of the most poignant . description. Mrs. Merry, who kept her son's house, was 67 years of age, and was universally esteemed for her amiable qualities. We omitted to mention the providential escape of three persons, namely, Mr. Cutler, bricklayer, Mr. Bagman, tendealer, and Mr. Broom, tailor, o f Frederick-place the former procured a ladder from his yard and placed it against one of his windows, but it was unfortunately too short. He then hasten el to procure another, accompanied by Mr. Broom, and Mr. Bagnall, mid went up Frederick -place for that purpose. They had not passed the burning house . more quantit y of than a second when the wall a nd a gr eat burning timber fell with a most tremendous crash, forcing in the windows and doors of the Ship, and completely covering; the road. Bed they been one moment later they must inevitably have been killed. The inquest on the remains of the sufferers will take place this day. Colonel James Clitherow, for 45 years Colonel of the Westminster militia, expired about half-past seven o'clock yesterday morning, at his residence, Boston house, New Brentford, in the 75th year of his age. Col. Clitherow for years filled the station of Chairman of the Middlesex Conservative Registration Committee. Re was also a Deputy-Lieutenant of the county of Middlesex. EVENING SUN • HAMBURGH PAPERS. BEztrazt, OCT. B.—General Grellmann has already ar rived at Glogan, the garrison of which fort is under his command. He is accompanied by Lieutenant-General Von Astin, to receive his Majesty, General Von Astin being known as an able engineer, particularly as the builder of Ehrenbritstein. It is supposed that his ar rival is connected with the project of great fortresses on the Oder, respecting which his Majesty intends to deter mine after visiting the spot. 3. It is said that a note, in very energetic terms, has been addressed by the English and Prussian Governments to the Hanoverian Cabinet, respecting the abolition of the. Stade toll, showing that it rests on no legal title. FRANKFORT, OCT. 3.—His Excellency General Von Butenieft; Russian Ambassador to the Porte, arrived here yesterday. HANOVER, OCT. 4.—His Highness the Duke of Bruns wick arrived here this afternoon, and alighted at the Royal Palace. BERLIN, OCT. 6. —His Majesty the King his returned to this city from his journey to Silesia. CLAURINBURC, OCT. 6.—The resolution of his Ma jesty the Emperor and King was read to-day in full Council, by which the opening of the Diet at Clseurin burg is fixed for the 18th of November. FRANKFOF.T, SEPT 30. —Baron Werner is spoken of as the successor of Count Von Munch Bellinghausen, as President of the Diet. There is certainly some founda tion for this report, but it is not settled whether Count Munch Bellinghausen will return to this city or not. He has long wished to return to Vienna, but Prince Metter nich desires that such a chang e may be def erre d. A t all events he will not be h ere beore the spring, but Baron Bulow will be here by the end of October, at the latest. The sitting. of the Diet will not recommence till De cemben—Hamburgh Paper, Oct. 8. HAMBURG BORSENHALLE, OM% Bibs. Money Austrian 5 per Cents. 00000 107% Bank Shares l6OO Anglo.itussian Loan IOA 103% Russian 5 per Cent. Ist series, Csrtiticate Inscription, Ist Series ......... WI Russian 5 per Cent. Hop s and C0.3:1 . and 4Ch Series 98% 93 Ditto in Certificates New 4 per Cent. (1840) ..... Dutch Actual Debt, 2% pc, Cent 50% Ditto 5 per Cent. Polish Bonds New ticket Anglo-Danish Loan, 3 per Cent. .......... 75% Norwegian Loan, 1534, 4 per Cent.„ ...... 102 102% Sp.snish„ New 5 per Cents. EXCHANGES ON LONDON. Hasinuaci, OCT. S.-13 7 1 41.-- - Twe months, 13 5% PETRIISBUEGII, Ocr . I.—Two mo n th s , 39 1-16 pence. RIGA, SEPT. 30. -Three Months, 394, . slocanoLu. Ocr. I.—Seventy-five days, 12. 2. PRUSSIAN FUNDS.—BaaLis, Ocr. 5. St. SchulcL Sch., 4% Bids. Money. per cent. 204 Prussian English Loan, In), 4 per cent.... 1021 101 w, itschange on London, three months."... 6 Eli —Prussian State. Gazette. Oct. 6. FURTHER E VILSOF THE CORN- LAWS. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sin—The public papers have recently shown, from a. Parliamentary Report, that the amount of aocounts an nually adjusted at what is called the London bankers' Clearing-house, extends to the enormous sum of nearly one thousand millions of pounds sterling. Now this im mense sum only forms a fractional part of the annual returns of the British mercantile and trading commu nity—is merely that part which comes, as it may be said collaterally, through the hands of a part of the great London bankers' hands. Yet from this statement some idea may be formed of the gigantic magnitude of all commercial returns throughout the country. From contemplating this subject, the magnitude of the evil resulting from fluctuations in the price of provisions is forcibly brought to light. Take the subject of bread corn alone, and assume that the quantity annually con sumed in the United Kingdom is 20,000,000 quarters, which is not far from the fact, then it is plain, if the price of this commodity be 20s. per quarter dearer in one year than in another, 20,000,0011 L sterling must be ab stracted from the usual channels of retail trade, em bracing the shopkeepers of every description, and is forced into the more restricted channels of the dealers in broad. That is to say, if the average price' of corn through any one year be 50s. per quarter, and the succeeding year the same average price be 705., the consumption remain ing the same, the difference to the public must be twenty million pounds sterling expended on this article alone, one year more than another. But this sum is abstracted from the annual returns of every description of retail tradesmen in greater or lesser amounts ; and through their lessened returns its influence again and again finds its way to every member of the mer cantile and manufacturing classes above them, who all experience the effect of slackness of business, diminished orders, and loss of trade. But this is not all; for seeing that there is so vast a sum passing through the bankers' clearing-house as one thousand millions, and that only a. fraction of the general mass of mercantile returns, it is impossible to doubt but that the simple twenty millions diverted from general trade into one particular trade, owing to a rise of price, as above explained, must cause a diminution in the aggregate annual returns passing through the hands of the commercial community generally of, at the very lowest computation, ten times, if not twenty times, the net amount so diverted—for who shall say how often any given Bank note exchanges hands in the. course of a year, or who will determine how much would be spei;t if the ability to spend existed? . Where fore I conceive it is all but demonstrable that an advance in the price of bread-corn of only 20s. per quarter must cause a loss of mercantile returns to the general com mercial body throughout the United Kingdom of at least two hundred millions per annum. And all this diminution of general trade, it must be borne in mind, falls exclusively on what is known, and prized so highly., as the home trade. All this arises from fluctuations in the price of an article NVIIrCh is in daily and hourly con sumption, and which is the last thing the use of which can be dispensed with, being the very staff of life.. To this cause most of the existing distress in the country is. to be charged ; and to this cause mainly is to be traced the deranged state of the national finance. In the year 1835, the average price of wheat was 395. 4d.; in 1 8314 48s. 65.; whilst in the year 1839 the average price was 70s. Bd.; and in 1840 665. 4d. ; thus establish'.ag greater difference than I have assumed, and thus tender ing manifest the immensity of the evil inflicted. by such enormous fluctuation in price, which fluctuation in prico is fostered, aggravated, and rendered unavoidable by an express Act of Parliament, which refuses permission to. correct the same, by insisting that the labour, capital, and skill of one class alone shall be depended on for procuring the needful supply, and by debarring all others from exerting their labour, capital, and skill to the same end, until after the evils I have enumerated and exhi bited have been in full operation, to the sorrow and suf fering of countless thousands. I am not aware whether the great question of the Corn-laws has been previously looked at in this point of view, which, however, I conceive is one deserving of attention from every practical man of business.—l run, &e., C. 'POUNTNEY, Public Accountant. PRESTON AND WYRE RA ILWAY.--Yester— day the half-yearly meeting of the proprietors of this Company was held at their offi ces i n Ki ng William street. City. The Chair was to be take n by Si r H esketh Fleetwood, Burt. It appeared from the. report, which was of considerable length, that in spite of the manu facturing distress and the unfavourable state of the weather, the traffic on the railway from the Ist of April to the Ist of October had been to the extent of 107,920 passengers, which was considerably beyond that of the former half year. A steamer called the Express daily plied on the lakes, and other steam-heats were now going between Fleetwood and the Isle of Man, Whitehaven, Liverpool, an d Glasgow, and a large. traffic was going on between Belfast and the ° manufacturine. districts of La ncas hi re. The commerce of the port of Fleetwood had increased so ex tensively as to dictate the necessity of a dock for large vessels, and to leave the quay free for steam-boats and coasters. The iron facing of the wharf at Fleet wood, and a pier for landing cattle at all times of tide, were completed: A large edifice, called the North Eas ton Hotel, had been erected, and a church had been finished and consecrated, and the new town of Fleet wood was forming rapidly. The works of the railway i stood well. Th e total cash for.traffic during the hat_ year was 20,841 L, which l e ft a net profit, after oxpen the ses l of 8,5041. I s . 5d ., which was to be appropriated to payment of a divid en d o f 1/. Ss. per share of The i 31 total cash rec e i ve d on account of the railway was ot b e ing and towards the harbour 67,C00/. A large still necessary for the completion of the othtsrii_nioj,kastoaf the Company, a further issue of new share: . °I. Mr. Phill potts having suggested an alteration votel of thanks was reduced rate, was proposed by the Dire . c n to t r he was agreed to and then adopted. 2 1ir gratuitous ser vices, passed to the Directors for t • vices, and the meeting adjourned. The General Steam BRIGHTON, TUESDAY..-- he Lord Melville has, Report, it Navigation Company's vessel t_ I ce of the Dart, which harbour. lies disabled in Newhaven morning for Dieppe, with a left Shoreham harbour this,m,. taken up her station hero., in P She was unable to take The Lord Melville full complement of chainpasseng It is expected, when the roughness of the weat 1, pier, in consequence-of the Paris and Rouen Ralle o ' t a l .3' o generally - adopted to Paris, in l6‘r i s finished, that from Brighton them on board at the to Dieppe will be theethre proposed breakwater must be which case either pier, as at present land or embark their pass engers at lour w ater, steamers erected, or anot her when there is any ground s we ll t h e s ection carried out fro m th e chain wa ter, or even half-tide. DEATH THE HON. AND REV. A. HA,- c a e n a d s e l d ? , e 110 G entleman, ‘va s preb v e h n o da d r i died oofni.S(unirn,- MILTO. C.4.TH o C r A T —We have to announce the death or .L l e t i t o le t n ie , vicarage, Kippax, near Pontefract, York shire. in and Vicar of Ki • Rector of Metbley, ppax was youngest son of the late Lord, and brother of the present Venerable Earl Cathcart. He was born July 25, 1764, and mar ried, June 3, 1790, Miss Frances Fremantle ; tby whom, ttlia'ye- abov e last a t who died in 1821, he had a family of eight children, seven of whom are still living. • A mongst the nobility and fashionables who haw visited the English Opera House last week, were the. Marquis of Tavistock, Lady Fitzroy Somerset, Lord! Templetown. Lord A ugustus Fitzelarence, Earl and Countess of Cardigan, Duke of B Macdonald, runswi c k, H on . Capt. • Sir G. 1 I are, Dennistoun, Esq., M.P.; Esq., Vic. C. Martyn, Esq., Captain Siartyn, F. Gautier, DEATH AT THE W ORSHIP -STREET, POLICE COURT.—Yesterday morning James Fitzpatrick, the messenger at the W ors h ip -street Police-Court, died after a protracted illness. He was forty-six years of age, and had been messenger about nineteen years. The office-keeper, John Other, was buried on Sunday sen night. He was sixty-sev en years of age, and was for 'merly servant to Lo r d Si dmoutb, and was effiee-keeper at Worship -street about twenty-nine years. Both of them resided, with their families, on the premises.