The Sun. — London, England, 1819-06-12 00:00:00

• LITERARY REVIEW. A VOYAGE up the PERSIAN MILK!, .and a JOeRNEY overland from INDIA to ENGLAND, in 1817 ; containing an Account Of the Arabia Fells, Arabia Deserta, Persia, Mesopotamia, the Garden of Eden, Babylon, Bagdad, Koor distal], Armenia, Asia Minor, &c. &c.—By Lienteaant WlLLtam H inn, of the Madras Military Establishment. (Concluded from last Saturday's Sur.) Ti has not been found so easy to compress ! the Author's remarks on the Remains of Babylon within the limits of Our columns as We could have wished. He takes a view of the subject too extended and general to admit of partial .ex tracts, but stlictly correct in a erligious sense; after describing its former glories and pteeent nothingness, he says, " But it bad been written, and Babylon, the glory of kingdoms, the beauty of Clothier's ex cellency, shall be as when God overthrew Sodom end Gomorrah. 1: shall never be inhabited, neither shall it be dwelt in from generation to generation; neither shall the Arahiau pi.cb his tent there ; neither shall the shepherds make their folds Terre.' Believing as we do, in the 'divine inspiration of the prophecies, let us the less won-‘ der at the disappeasance of every outward trace of this great and mighty city, and submit to the evidence which the fultilluteet of the word affords ; a, k had bee,' written, so it has happened, mid it is only by opening those mounds of earth, al ready adverted to, [list the slielitest vestige of its mighty walls, prefaue tempi 5, or gorgeous palaces, can now he traced. Thrse nontnas of earth, he says, are • fist need by the decomposition Ot build lus Channelled HMI fuirowed by the weather, vi,ith the cut face of them strewed with pieces of tiles, and pottery. These are the only re -1114in5 at e in,,v outwardly visible. The abledoece of the materials sufficiently point oet the former eximenee of -an imineuse city.' I can bear evidence to the general 'certainty of the fact, and olay assert, that tut other remains whatever besitk• three metieds can now be traced. Atter, desclinitig particulars of tt.e ntighti extent and relative position of these melancholy rernamil of ancient cri, brit y, chiefly no the anthorhy of in• foi mat ion obtained during Our author's rei;idence at Bagdad, from the ingenious Mr. Rich, as pie ferring that gentleman's more accurate researches to tee only casual vice he could take, lu merely riding over the ground, he concludes with oh serving, ' the decline and fall of the Babylonian Empire, indeed, was attended with this peculiar Circum.raace, that ietleptodenaly of those netural causes, a hid certainly portend and genially pre cede the desolation of empires, its entire subver viol) and future nothingness wa i l specially foretold and mimeely described in Holy Writ.' " The cause, as her pride, cruelty, and the sa milegious impiety of her king ; the tittle, Man ner, and instrument . being each particularly ap pointed, specified, and even named ; hi the height of her glory, solder Nehuchadnezier, the Cone queror of ttyria, Palestine,Jerusalem, and Egypt, the proud Lord of this , great Behyloti, and the miserable object of the divine wrath ;' yet awhile, and the Lord's anointed Cyrus, the Per sian and the Mede a diverting Ole Euphrates from its appointed course, destroyed its defences, and sehverted that sacred. Aesyrian gmpire, of which Babylon had been esteemed the eapital and the pitide. From that period the Persian Ma. tterchs delighted more in Ecbataus, Persepolis, and other places, entirely neglected it ; whilst un der the Macedonians, and the Pertiiien race of kings, who sucoeeded, the building of Seleucia * and Cteriphon •t• gradually but completely drained it of the few inhabitants which time and tyranny had left. The exact period of its entire abandon ment can scarcely be aseeriainid. In the first century of the Christian Era, however,' it is only spoken of as a city of the seccend magnitude ; as the place from whence St. Peter dated one of his Epistles, and as the appointed residence, of Elyr. cent's, the Jewish High Priest Since then, it has been a park for the wild beasts of the desert to die !there. It is now a posssessiou for the bittern §,' 'istlE VESTIGE OF A RUIN, a spot in the desert lend." Went of room has prevented our following the Author through the entire description of the very slight traces which yet remain of this once mighty ge.en ; it would appear, indeed, that he had not the opportunity of pursuing an enquiry which requir i et leisure and the assistance of many hands to prosecute the search. His remarks, however, are net 't he less curious or accurate. On his arrival at Bagdad, he necame acquainted with Mr. Rich and .0 hers, who haul frequently visited the site of Babylon.; and he freely.ackeowledges the source from whence a part of his own information is de rived. in a note at the conclusion, after acknow ledging the authorities he has followed in his notices of its further state, be takes a view of the subject, we du not recollect yet to have been as sumed, and says, " It might, after this, perhaps. Appear the height of presumption to attack the very ground we have stood upon, and so declare, that as part of these assertion' ere certeitity won derful and extraordinary, in regard to the mag nitude of the works described, there are others, as to the circumstance's of the performance which are not only wonderful, but absolutely impossible, though vouched for by the greater part of those authorities. ! The walls of Babylon, for example, are stated, at the very lowest computation, to have been 75 feet in height, and 32 feet thick, and con sequently must have contained 14,400 cubic feet of earth to each current fathom ; of which im mense work, as less than one Stadium, according to the same account, was performed per day.— Such is the statement, and yet is it a certain fact, concerning which any one may satisfy himself by a reference to our most celebrated Military Works, that 20 workmen, the greatest number that can conveniently be applied to each current lathom,even in field works, could-never even have thrown up a third of the 14,400 cubic feet. of earth within the day, &c. In a disquisition of this nature we are not exactly aware of the influence that will be allowed to such arguments, in disproof of the general validity of authority so fully acknow !edged, 8114 53 vratautly appeakd to if, how. e ver; this statement can disprove a part, i. e 4 the time employed in the building of the walls, it is certain it must reduce the assertors of the magni tude of these works to the alternative of yielding time' or perfect correctness of authority,' coo: cessions that may well affect the general import of the whole statement." • Strabo, lxvi. D. 38. t Hibrou, Josephus' Antic!. xv. § Isaiah xiii. and xiv. SWEDEN. The present degraded situation of Sweden, on account of the baui.hment of its lawful Sovereign, and...the uncertain state of the Heir Apparent, readers every thing interesting which relates to that country. We, therefore; copy the following Letter from a respectable Loglish Journal, the general character of which may be supposed to give it the stamp at authenticity. For our own I►4rt, we with to see the exiled MOnarch restor ed, as h'is only fault was having held forth an heroic resistance to the Usurper of France, which all the Potentates of Europe were at last obliged to follow: LETTER FROM' GUST:IMS TILE FOURTH, EX-KING OF SWEDEN. " Many Journals having inserted articles con cerning Prince Gustavus, son of Gitsiavos Adol phus, the Eourth.(Gtistafsson), former King of Sweden, it is necessary to explain what has been said respecting this 'young Prince, and the public ought Ito longer to be ig , iorant of all the unlaw ful and unjustifiable transactions of the last three ye,rS. " It i 3 tirntt to make known that secret in triglws were enyloyed to separate the Prince from his father., to whom he owes not only the attach ment and respect that nature inspires us with for our plartnits, but, moreover, a feeling of personal gratitude toe/aids his fattier, who had made over to him s acid plrt of the cwisiderahle property devolved on hits trout his 'mutter of blessed mot y, flit. defunct Quern of Swed ,, n, and the re mainder of which he divided among his other children. Prince Gustavus's father, who id the year 1812 was separated from the queen. his Consort, gave her, as the mother of his children, the most unequivocal proof of his confidence by trusting to her Majesty, not only the education of the Prin cesses, htit ale 4.11 Prince Gustas us also; however, under thr,e conditions, viz. Ist, that their educa tion should he conformahli: to the religion in which they wer e horn; 2d, to the rank they held in:the world ; and 341, to the duties they may (Me day be .called upon to Willi, " The ateereafterwards received a new mark of confidence from her former Consort, by his giving up to her the administration of the airove mentioned inheritance, relinquished in favour of his children, which was paid by &tie Swedish Go vernment, and placed at the disposal of her Nl.jesty. " But from that moment she seemed resolved to act absolutely contrary to the tenotir of conditions prescribed to her, exactly in the same manner as her son, who, agreeably to such, was otm his com ing of age (i. e. at seventeen) to present himself tolmia father, ?.nd concert with him as to his fir tire ,destiny, hut refused .so doing at time time, declar, ing himself incapable ; and rejected the impor tunities of • his father, his friend and benefactor. Instigated by his royal mother, he persisted in disobeying the repeated orders of his Sire, alleg ing as a reason that be had promised his mother, upon his honour, not to leave her until he had at tained his t wenty-first year--a singular example of a young Prince, who refusing his majority, acts with the disobedience that a son might more readily do if he were of age. It w ou ld be revolting and contrary to nature, to charge this once virtuous and so Aemlicot a son entirely with such an offence ; it would be even unjust to say, before it could be evidently proved, that the Queen-Mother of this Prince had acted only froM herself ; yet, it must be known, that she betowed her confidence, and, still mote, committed the charge and education of her sun, with which she alone was entrusted, into the hands of a Calvinist, of a republican, and strand, ger ; who, moreoeer, possesses no acknowledged title that could distinguish or recommend him in any way for the situation of Prince Gastavus's Governor. " Let nobody allege the name of the fatnous Laharpe, on the side of that of the Emperor Alexander, to prove a paradox ; for Laharpe was but Alexander's teacher, and not his governor. Let no one abuse any more the name of the Em peror Alexander, by representing it in family dissensions, as it cannot appear consonant with the dignity that characterizes a great Sovereign. " It has been said in the Gazettes lately, that the Emperor of Russia bad appointed ('rinseGus tavus Governor of one of his provinces ; at an other time, that he was going to Eoghtild, with the Emperor's permission, to finish his Studies, and to be allowed by hint '2OOOl. sterling fur the expenses of his removal, which would indicate that the Prince had not a sufficiency to provide for it himself. " Let us, therefore, put a stop to so many weakly grounded novelties, and endeavour, at least, to develop the truth, and not believe it impossible that the Emperor Alexander would carry dissimulation so tar as not to give any ad vice at all to' Prince Gustavus's Nato of his good intentions towards his son, while he is in painful anxiety for the termination of the same son's dis obedience." (Signed) G. A. GUSTAFSSON. Basle, June 1, 1819. The King of PausstA has recently met with an ankward accident. Diverting himself in descend ing a Russian mountain (a pastime well known i n Paris), his Majesty's sledge was overturned, by which he bruised his face, and broke the lower part of are bride of his nose. The broken pieces of bone, however, were immediately extracted, and no serious consequences were anticipated,from the circumstance. We received this niorning the Paris Papers of Wednesday last. In the Chamber of Deputies, on Tuesday, the Marquess DEssoLtis, Minister for Foreign Affairs, presented a projet for exchang ing the Crown Estates of Neuilly and Villiers with the Duke of ORLEANS, for the buildings litelouging to his Serene Highness at Yatis, between the Louvre and the Thuil!tries, it be ing intended to unite those Palaces without delay. The projet was ordered . to he referred to the Bureaux. The Chamber then resumed and terminated the discussion on the Pindge: of the Department 01 Marine and Colonies, which Was agreed to, and commenced the discussion on the Budget of the Ministry of Finance,. which was adjourned till Wednesday.—Tbe following are extracts :-- " PARES, JUNE 9.—The King transacted busi ness yesterday with the Marquess I.)ssollcs. His Majesty had also a long conference with the Cardinal (le Perigord. " Some of the Journals have stated, that all the English Officers at Paris had been recalled to England. 'lbis report is totally destitute of foundation. " According to the last accounts from Arles, the locusts, so fu from diminishing, continued to increase ; no less than six hundred quintals of them were destroyed, hut their eggs being depo sited on all sides, the new locu s ts have succeeded those that perished. " According to the Genoa Gazette, the Emperor and Empress of Austria were tO piolong their stay' , at Naples till the Ist inst. " France has at the present moment 246 ships of war, including 4S ships of the line and 29 fri gates. There are now building 11 ships of the line and 4 frigates. " A person digging tip potatoes about three weeks since at Nixeville (Meuse), found 4S gold and o — silver coins, of Henry 2d, Chatles sth, Francis Ist,' and the Princes of Burgundy and Lorraine. FIVE PER CENT?._ Tursday .. . C 7 f. 80 cr. DEFERAFD STOCK. Of the '22LI March, 1817, .... S 3 F. —C. 22t1 Sept. 1817, . SS C. —c. 22d Ilarcli,lBl3, f. 22d Sept. 131 S, S2 f. —C. 2.2 d Marci),lBl9, .. .80 f —c. " CONSTANTINOPLE, APRIL 27.-The situation of this capital is truly deplorable;. a revolt of the troops, their sanguinary combats, set ions appre hensions of the plague, the streets deserted, and the blood running in diTerent quarters. Such is the afflicting picture that Constantinople at this Moment presents. Yesterday the whole city was in the most dreadful agitation, in consequence of the sanguinary conflicts between the Janissaries and .ilcumbaridschi. Cannon resounded in all quarters, and numbers on both sidei were killed and wounded. " STOCKHOLM, MAY 25 is understood that the King has addressed a Letter to the Prince Regent of England,' in which he com plains, of the ascendancy assumed by the Great ruIVCTS Or it:t 1-;01111i 1 eUr Over 31nzrs Or I at. - 4z-Lcfri.- rank—an ascendancy not kss o ppr e , s iv e t han that exercised by Buonaparte. " HAM BURGH; JUNE I.—The Danish brigan tine, which was stationed last week in this port, has retired to the Danish coast." Ttie Fut.ips.—Ytstcrttay a;ternoon and this morning the most unfavourable reports were circulated with a view to depress the Stocks ; for a time they had the desired effect, as Consols left off yesterday at 656, and Uranium 14 discount. They opened this morning, Consols 694, Umniutu 11- discount ; but the Contractor having made his deposit of 'Orr cent. on the amount of the Loan he holds, and the Subscribers haviag paid about two-thirds of their deposits by twelve o'clock, the deception was discovered, and Consols immediately 4 rose to 69, and Omniuw to tlis. The Con.rac tor then offered to 'advance any sums the (louse wanted-, at 4 per cent. • The Opposition %Writeis bestow high eu!ogiums On the Speech of Sir JAMES MACKINTOSH on the Foreign Enlistment Bill. We respect the learn ing., relents, and oratorical powers of the Honour able Member, IN( we consider his Speech as mut eloquent compared with the his- tot ical illustration and sound argun►ents of Alr. CANNIN I G on'tl►e same subiect.• It is some pride to us, that in reference to the interposition of France, het kve'en its and 016 Ameri,'au Colonies, and did language then held by the British Government kJ consequenee, we bad repeatedly urged the same ins:once and the same reasoning. Mr. CANNING, however, threw out additional lights, and advanced unanswerable arguments on the subject. He clearly proved that we should desert our own formes' reasoning, and imitate the conduct of France, if we did not maintain a strict neutraiity on the present occasion ; while the dignity wit!). which he rejected the idea of profiting by ilia Weakness of Spain, and the energy with which lie pressed the propriety of not assisting her eneruiel, on that very ground, place his ch3racter as high in moral estimation, as it has always been held ja point of political knowledge, acute sagacity, atw gumentative, and splendid eloquence. The recent Dinner at Carlton Hotise, to which some ok_tlie higher - chs , acters of Opposition were invited, and who of course accepted the invita' Lion, seems to have given great uneasiness to The Morning Chronicle, which, this day vents its spleen against " the insidiousness and indecorum of Cita rumours" to which that acceptance has given •oa casion. It is an old rerwirk, that "he who labours hard to clear himself of a crime he is not chargell with, renders himself saspectahie." Now, wes sonless, that we have not heard of . -the rilnicmt* ' in question, but as far as we can guess from ti mysterious agonies at The Chronicle, their tend. ency is to iusiouve, that the Opposition Members attended'in the hope of being invited to office, well ai to a good dinner. Why the Party shonA resent such a suspicion we !MOW not, since M r. 'lZt=jtvaY so openly declared in the House .4 Commons that he was ready to go is ac ,00n as Ministers would go oat ; .and can vivre he any doubt, that it the invitativu to the Diane! 1110 been -accompanied .by the sligoitest hint that it might lead to a more prolonged entertain• meat, it would not hive been. more greedily. adopted by a hungry Opposition ? The Chronicle! therefore, upon the Parliamentary authority of Mr• TIRRNEY, has no reason to be offended at the supposition dint any of the Party " was to be expected to she w their liberality and taste" on the occasion, to use the words of The Chronicle, upon other motives 'though we can,►ot see much lib ralitaj in their aceeptiog an invitation from the reigoing Sovereign, whatever we may think of their taste ; but we heartily agree with the Write; that it is not only impudence, b.,t the height of lolly, to attribute to the Royal Host an in' tention to invite any Opposition Members to seat, of power, while he possesses an Adnii. nistration that has raised the glory of the Empire, and led to the deliverance of Europe ; and while; cu the other hand, the Opposition ate constantlY thwarting the hus;ness of the Nation by tedious and useless discussions, and Who tilso by the coutr teoance which they give to the Claims- of Porsa - ti appear anxious to remove die bniworks which guard the State from that fanaticism and . bigotri which, it once in possession of Legislative Au" thority, would attempt to destroy our Constitud tion and our We onfterstand that Nir. CHARLES WARReri is to b 7 appointed tn the Chief Justieeship of Chey ter,' which will be reined by Mr. Setjean f COPLEY, upon succeeding to the Office of Soli' eitor•General.—The Loan ADV-OCATR of ScO LAND is to he made A Lord of Session and Justi" ciary, in the room of the late Lord ItESTON,IIIO be sobeeeded by Sir WILLIAM 14E, Baronet. Oor Readers may depend on the accuracy of these Apr/hoc:aunts. 14t):: 1);_;.s J..;;; it .\ 'l6l, YBOM I'LIE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY. [Mornins; Chrowdel The report that the - Emperor Alexander is as sembling an itntnense bully of troops in the vici nity of St. Petetsburgb, gains ground, and gives rise to serious alarm. It is said to be fur the mere 'purpose of a Grand Review, and that he has invited the Duke of Wellington to be present at it—biit it cannot be believed, that for the mere object of a holiday parade, he would, itt the present state of his finances, incur the expenee of marching his numerous .armies (ruin their distant quartets—and, therefore, it breeds a suspicion that the rumours respecting the design on Sweden are not unfounded.. [Morning Post .1 Government have fletertnined to appoint a Judge to the lonian Hands, in con•equence of the representdtions sent home from Uortu. THEATRICAL REGISTER. Perf.rnied 1, as Night. THEA+RE ROYAL, COVENT-GA Nl:lczre•gor : Rob Roy Nlnegregor Campbell, .11r. Emery ; Vertiuti, Miss Sterile'''. After which, X. Y. Z. 1,- . 10 For PARL.LAMENTAILY PROCEEDINGS, ,lee the Last Page, PRICE 0 s'i'ocKs rHis I,AY AT r Bank Stock . . 219 3 per ("erg. Red. si per Cent . .764 4 per Ccilt.S.. —.86-4 Si 86 Bank fomg Ann.. 17i IS I-16 Kist' 5 per Cent. ....101 ELVE O,CM. ludic Bvud;. 4A, 1. 7 ,x ch. U,fl , 2d.... 34. pr., par Ootniatu lli I oi I - di (or. for July, ..68R111, 694 6Si M U,s. ARStIVIM-1 Dublin, 1 Waterford, I Guernsey and Jersey, 1 Gottenbur6ll, I France. Due-1 Malta. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE TO-MORROW. Morning, t 1 minutes after 6. I Evening, 46 minutes after 6 THE SUN. SOLEM QUIS DICERVALSUM AUDEAT ? LONDON, SATURDAY, JUNE, 12, 1819. ~'a p fi insl Na rig, IfR c To da l Alt Phi; Shi Iv z Gr c Pr A ct thti nl. .11 „. U't bri ge Ra -AV de 411 CIE .Vj "11", by ti ll Au,