The Sun. — London, England, 1867-11-15 00:00:00

TIIL•' MEMBERS FOR FINSBURY. On Wednesday:Mr. iil'eulloch TorrensTand Mr. Alderman Lusk, the members for the borough of Finsbury, addressed a crowded meeting of their constituents at the Myddleton-hall, Islington, Mr. Henry Spicer in the chair. The chairman having opened the meeting, Mr. TonnENs rose amid loud cheers. The lion. member said since they were last assembled in that hall great changes had been wrought in the Constitution, and in those changes himself and his colleague had taken a part. Ile was there to give an account of his stewardship in the past, and to speak of the future. He had supported the Reform Bill of Mr. Gladstone not because he thought it was a satisfactory measure, but because it was an instalment of Reform. That bill was de feated, they all knew by what means, and the Tories came into office promising to deal with the Reform question. Ile was one of those prepared to give them a fair trial, and to consider any measure of Reform they might offer, with the view of improving it as much as possible. Lord Derby had said the passing of the bill was taking a leap in the dark, but what ever it might be considered by the Tories, he thought it had brought to light upwards of 600,000 men who had hitherto been denied the franchise. He had always stood upon the principle of household suffrage, but he felt as regarded London the bill would have been a mockery without a lodger fran chise being embodied, and he had therefore felt it his duty to propose a clause conferring the suffrage on all lodgers paying £lO rent per annum, and he was happy to say, after a hard fight, that clause now formed part of the bill. Thecommittee of the Work ing Men's Association had sent him a letter ask ing him for his interpretation of that clause as it now stood, with the words " clear annual value" inserted in it. They were under the impression that the mere payment of £lO each annually would not entitle a lodger to be placed on the register. He replied that he believed that every lodger paying £lO rent per annum would be placed on the register if he made his claim in accordance with the act. Parliament was to meet next week to hearfrom the Government a statement as to the Abyssinian expedition, and would be called upon to vote a sum of about £5,000,000 for the purpose of carrying on the war in that country. He thought this large sum might be much better spent at home. Before a shilling of that money was voted to the Government a pledge must be exacted from them that it was to be used solely for the release of the captives now iu the hands of the barbarian King, and that they had no intention of permanently occupying a country about which they literally knew nothing. Mr. Al. denim Lusk, on rising, was very warmly received. He said his hon. colleague had ,exhausted Reform, and he would direct his remarks to other matters. Since he had been their member he had devoted a considerable portion of his attention in the House in endeavours to reduce the extravagant expenditure of the Government, and had incurred much obloquy thereby in some quarters. He had not been very successful in those endeavours, but in his failure he had but shared the fate of more able men who had preceded him. Ile, however, should still persevere. If members were to be found fault with for criticis ing the items of expenditure, why were those items brought before Parliament for its consideration ? He had taken an active part in all commercial matters brought under the consideration of Parlia ment. He had assisted in the passing of the Mer cantile Marine Bill, and had left his mark on many other bills relating to commercial interests. He had assisted the passing of the Metropolis Regulation Bill, and though he admitted there were some clauses in that bill which, if strictly enforced, would be op pressive, still, on the whole, he thought it a good and necessary bill. As regarded the street hawkers, their removal was only contemplated from the lead ing and overcrowded thoroughfares. lie was op posed to church rates and in favour of law reform. He was one of those who had every reliance upon the intelligence, loyaly, and good faith of the work ing classes. So long as the electors of Finsbury had confidence in him, so long was he willing to serve them to the best of his ability. Several questions were then put to the hon. in .tilbers on a variety of subjects, all of which appeared to be answered to the satisfaction of the great majority of the meeting. Mr. Willans then moved, awl Mr. Surr seconded, a vote of confidence in the lion. members, and thank ing them for their past services. The resolution was carried, and a vote of thanks to the chairman con cluded the proceedings. THE REPRESENTATION OF MAN CHESTER. The following address of Mr. Jacob Bright has been circulated by post to every elector in the con stituency : —" Gentlemen,—A melancholy event, which I have learnt with deep regret, in common, I am sure, with every man of every political party in Manchester, has caused a vacancy in the representa tion of your city. At the request of the Liberal party I offer myself as a candidate for the seat thus rendered vacant. As I was before you at the last election my opinions upon political questions are known to the constituency. I rejoice that, owing to the great exertions of the people, household suf frage in the boroughs of England is at length ob tained, but regret that this change is accompanied by a vexatious interference with the ratepaying system of the country, by which increased charges will have to be borne by numbers of men in the humbler ranks of life. The work of Reform is yet only half established. We must have the ballot, without which there can be neither freedom nor order at our electiOns, and a thorough redistribution of seats, so that national questions may be dealt with in a national sense. The county franchise must be reconsidered, for who can reconcile the wholesale exclusion of the people in the counties with their wholesale admission in the towns ? Manchester, in common with a few other places, is, after this elec tion, to be made a victim of an intolerable arrange ment. We asked for and obtained an additional member, but we are denied the power to vote for him. I should not object to a division of the city, as is proposed for Glasgow, so that in each division the majority might return the members as heretofore. I am in favour of a system of national education to be supported by local rates, under local ad ministration ; and I would give a cordial support to the bill introduced into Parliament last session by the Right llon. A. Austin Bruce, as tending in that direction. I would also free the great Universities of Oxford and Cambridge from tests, and restrictions, and make them, in the true sense of the term, national institutions. The general sys tem of licensing must be brought under the consi deration of Parliament. In my opinion the public houses and the beerhouses should be subjected to the same restrictions and have the same privileges; and, in order to remove the dissatisfaction which is felt at the present mode of granting licenses, I wool I give a power of veto to the ratepayers. The claim of the Trades' Unions for legal protection for their funds ought to be granted. The Legislature should remove at once, so far as it has the power, the causes of disaffection in Ireland. It can deal with the Church, it can modify her educational in fAitutions, and it can give to the cultivators of the soil full security for the fruits of their industry, without which prosperity is impossible. There should be no delay in reforming the tepiesentation of Ireland, for in no country that I am acquainted \tail is rei,resentation so cimplete a mockery. as I do, the conduct of the Tory party for the last two years to be wholly indefensible, I yet think that it is a good thing for the country that the two great parties in the State have entered into earnest competition to do the people's work. With this marked change in the political arena, and with Reformed Parliament, I am sanguine that many important measures, which the best minds in the community have long felt to be necessary, will now be obtained. Were I sent to Parliament as your re presentative, I should give a conscientious support to all such measures, in accordance with the iews which I have often expressed among you. Electors of Manchester !—lf It be, as I am assured, at your desire that I en t er upon a contest for the representation of this great city, give me an earnest and generous support. Let there be no uncertain issue of the strue•gle. Genuine Liberal principles ave had many a triumph here. It is in your power o make them triumph now.—l am, gentlemen, aithf ally yours, " JACOB BRIGHT." Protection in the United States not a Party Question. - Why does the Times persist in misrepresenting Protection as it exists in the United States? A subject of such universal interest, strongly affecting Great Britain, very fitly finds a place in a cosmo- politan journal like our great London contempo rary. Whatever may be the arguments used, Ame ricans will read and weigh them, but however tel lingly they may be put, however well the points may be made, however truthfully and beautifully illus trated, everything advanced will be neutralised by mis-statement of facts so notorious as almost to appear wilful. 'The nines says, " Protection is undermining the prosperity of the United States, and the Republican party is not merely for Protec tion as it used to exist iu England, but for excessive ariff bills and prohibitory duties such as no nation has ever attempted to live under." " The Republi- cans have built their party upon the fallacy of Pro tection, and, as a compensation for the injury sus tained by the country, they offer it the boon of negro suffrage." Again, " Radicalism is Protection, and the West is vitally injured by Protection." Now the truth is the question is not associated exclusively with any political party. The Eng lish, in considering Protection in America, must reverse their own experience of Protection i❑ Great Britain. The American manufacturers are opposed to the agriculturists, it is true ; but exactly in the opposite way to the sides these respective interests took in England. Here it was the land owners who espoused the cause, and it was the manufacturers who carried, in spite of their opposition, Free Trade. There it is the manufacturers who demand Protection, and have raised almost to prohibi tion the duties levied on the products of foreign countries. It was the Liberal party in England who carried Free Trade, and it was the Conservative party who so vehemently opposed it. According to the Times, it is the Radicals of America on whom the English Tory mantle has fallen, and the Con- servatives who advocate the removal of restrictions on commerce. The Britisher associates Free Trade with Liberalism, and finds it difficult to understand Radicals in the guise of rabid monopolists, and Con servatives the champions of an open and fair field for all. He concludes that m tnufactures aro somehow connected with Chartists, Red R - publicans, and that class of sinners, while corn and other productions from the soil are represented by the Conservatism of a country, whether in the New or the Old World, whether in an English county or on an American prairie. The Times fosters this ridiculously erroneous idea. It matters nothing what the manufacture be, whether butter or ploughs, flour or rails, cheese or knives, pork or calico, all are governed by the same laws, produced for the same reasons, and upheld when protected by the same arguments. The Pennsylvanian iron master holds in America on Protection precisely the same position the landed magnate once held in England. The one might now take the speech then made by the other, and with as few changes as a parson introduces into his New-year's sermon, spout it as becomingly as the clergyman the pulpit oration, though some of the congregation might have a dim idea they had heard it all before. The Times got its text from an item of the 'Week, in what it calls a Radical journal of acknowledged power and respectability (the New York Nation), in its issue of the 17th Oct)ber, and we cannot do better than transfer it bodily to our columns, that our readers who have read the article in the Times can read it also, and judge whether this American Radical newspaper (or one of its correspondents) uses these words as the Times represents it :—" The trade of the country is nearly at a standstill ; the labourer is abroad in search of employment ; taxes and the cost of living are enormously high ; the profits of labour arc almost unprecedcntedly Whatever may be the true state of the country, it is pretty sure to be described as in a disastrous con• dition, with a wide-spread irritation and discontent by the opponents of the governing party. Suppos ing that condition to be truly stated, the causes are certain to be ascribed to misgovernment and corrup tion. As the question is an economical one,thosefavour ing Free-trade would seize on the distress to point the moral that such is ever the result of Protec tion delusions. Just as " Manhattan," in a letter transferred to the Times, laid all the miseries and starvation in England on Free Trade. We know that America has gone through five years of the most sanguinary and expensive war. We know that failure has followed failure in the har vests both North and South. We know that the deluge of paper money has demoralised commerce, and unfixed prices, and in these facts we think we can see sufficient cause for great distress, and some reason for thankfulness that it is no worse. The representative journal of England desires the principles of Free Trade to be established in America, for, whatever might be the gain to the United States, there can be no question about the profit to England on the abolition of excessive import duties. It thinks the Republican party is doomed, and that it would be a clear gain to asso ciate the cause of Protection with the losing party tying the Protectionist millstone round the Repub lican neck, in the hope of dropping both into the depths of the Atlantic. If the Democratic party would openly adopt Free Trade, and the Republican party Protection, the Times doubtless considers, as it holds the latter doomed, that both together could be killed and ammunition saved by mak ing them one target. The Republican party, however, has no intention to be so saddled, for no principles it advocates are to be found in Protection. While in the ascendant Pro tectionists have fastened like barnacles on it, to make it a tool for their own pet scheme, just as Teetotallers did in the New England States —as a religious section did in enforcing the ob servance of the Sabbath in New York ; as theLabour Congress endeavoured to do ; •as the advocates of woman suffrage—perhaps with better cause, or other holders of hobbies. But these barnacles would as surely fasten on the Democrats if they were launched into the sea of power. Those who want to increase the tariff must ally themselves with the party who can carry the measure in Congress, as they are not such idiots as to join a hopeless minority. Thus it happens that Protection has adhered to Republicanism, which is now made responsible for its shortcomings. But to say that the Republican party has been built on the fal lacy of Protection, or that Radicalism is Pro tection, is totally to misstate the case, and the very journal from which the 7 imes derived the material for this article was itself a strong instance that Radicalism is not Protection, as that newspaper happens to be a powerful advocate of Free Trade. As we write we have before us the League, with its motto— 'Free Trade: Th 3 International Common Law of the Almighty." EICLIARD COBDEN. What politics does this American organ of Free Traders profess? for we see no sign. We know to what party Mr. Cobden and every man who fol lowed him belonged, but it is no proof whatever because a man holds Free-Trade principles that he is a Democrat, or because he holds Protectionist prin cipLs that he is a Radical. Let Senator Grimes speak for himself on this question. En his letter to the Burlington Ilawkeye this Republican leader says : " So far as I know, the Republican party has never taken any position on the subject of a tariff, and so far as I believe four-fifths of the members of that party in this State arc in full accord with Mr. Wilson, Mr. Allison, Mr. Kasson, Governor Kirk wood, and myself, and with a majority of the members of Congress from the North-Western States on the subject of an increase of the present tariff." Commenting on this the New York Tribune, itself so strong a Protectionist advocate that it may have deceived foreigners regarding the identifica tion of the Republican party with Protection, says: "And we will unite with him in maintaining the right of every Republican to be a Protectionist or Free-trader, as he shall see fit. No man is the less a Republican for any opinion he may cherish on questions of political economy." Again it states:— " What is just, fair, and practicable in the premises THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER , 15, 1867. is simply this—Leave every one free to act in accordance with his convictions. Let each Re publican and each Democrat be a PrOtectionist or Free-trader, for license or for prohibition, as his own judgment shall dictate." Glance at the contradic tion otherwise quickly arrived at. Republicanism is Protection—and the West is vitally injured by Protection—of course the East must be benefited and Democracy advocate Free Trade. The two greatest manufacturing States are Pennsylvania and New York. The former has just cast a Democratic vote, the latter has now followed suit. Here, then, we have the manufacturers placing the Free-traders in power. Illinois is the greatest of agricultural states ; lowa next. The former has just cast a strong and increased Republican vote, and the latter has followed suit. Here then we have the vitally injured West deliberately placing Protectionists in power. Thus, through the Times' proposition, we arrive at a result which would argue that the American people are idiots, or, the Times, wrong. We will leave our readers to judge whether that journal or the New York Tribune is best able to explain the views of the Republican party in Ame rica. As we desire that the Free-Trade League in the United States may have fair play, and that its cause may not be prejudiced by such fallacies, we trust that the Times will not continue to circulate such errors, which can only retard the end intended to be advanced.—Anglo-American Times. The following is the extract from the Nation alluded to in the above article : " Beyond a reasonable doubt Judge Sharwood is elected in Pennsylvania, but by a majority so small that it may be said that Philadelphia elected him. In the rest of the State, as the inquirer points out, Republican gains did not badly balance Demo cratic.. gains ; but in Philadelphia there was a dead loss to the Republicans, and it seems certain that the care with which the Democrats selected the names for their locai ticket, and the carelessness, something worse, which filled the Republican ticket in the city with inferior names, may be set down as causing the loss of the State. Judge Woodward goes to Congress from the Twelfth District, but by a trifling majority, and there is talk of Democratic corruption and intimidation which, if made good in a contest, may yet give the seat to his opponent. The Legislature is Republican, and the total vote is less by a hundred thousand than that of last year. In Ohio the Republican majority is won derfully reduced from its strength in the last gubernatorial election. General Hayes beat Mr. Thurman by no more than 3,000 or 3,500 votes. The legislative districts are so laid out in Ohio that a gubernatorial majority no heavier than that is sure to be accompanied by an adverse Legislature. Mr. Wade may therefore count on retiring from the Senate ; and another Congressional loss sustained by the Ohio Republicans is the transfer of the vacant seat belonging to the Second District from General Haves to Mr. Cary. A Republican correspondent who writes to us from Northern Ohio is very clear as to the causes which have produced the surprising result in that State. He divides them into two classes. And first, he says, the trade of the country is nearly at a stand still ; the labourer is abroad' in search of employment; taxes and the cost of living are enormously high ; the profits of labour are almost unprecedentedly small ; yet Congress has been possessed by a mania for appropriations, has increased the pay and perquisites of its members; during three sessions since the war closed has provided no method of retrenchment, of econo mising the collection of the revenue, and of lopping off useless and devouring offices, of checking the thousand official cheats by which the national Treasury is drained. Secondly, he says, the Ohio Republicans have put in nomina tion, in very many instances, the worst men of the party, Government plunderers,' men of generally bad reputation ; the soldiers have been alienated by a species of proscription which kept their names off the local tickets, and forced them, if they wished to vote for a comrade, to look for him on the tickets of the Democracy ; the negro suffrage was in opportunely proposed inopportunely, for two reasons : Ist, because the scarcity of employment made labourers oppose a measure which they thought would help to attract coloured labourers into Ohio from the neighbouring States ; and, 2dly, because many Republicans who believed that the party had grown corrupt from fancied security had no wish to see the chains of cliques and primary meetings riveted more firmly on it by the aid of a class of voters peculiarly liable to be used by dema gogues. Mainly to these two last-named causes— the negro suffrage amendment and the defection of the soldiers ou county issues—our correspondent ascribes the Republican defeat this fall ; aid he illus trates his meaning in regard to the defection of the soldiers by speaking of his own county, in which he says a quartermaster who had been con victed by court-martial and dishonourably dis missed the service procured a place on the Repub lican ticket. These views and opinions may be mistaken ones, though it is our belief that they are in the main correct. At all events it is very well to know what is being said among men who, like our correspondent, have been for years voting with the Republican party. As for lowa, it seems to have hardly heard of the ' reaction.' In Indiana there are not, as at first was reported, any Republi can gains." hue in sight. She was signalled, and au attempt to ' fetch her was made by the Esmok's crew, but the ship went her course, taking no notice. They had hard work pulling back to the Alma, which they did and fastened the boats to her stern. Captain lioniere asked the shipwrecked crew to go on board his vessel and help to repair her, but they declined, stating that they saw her gradually settling down. Having remained in their boats for about two hours, the men suffering a good deal from wet and cold, two schooners appeared ; they were signalled, and one of them, which proved to be the Pavidette, quickly answered, and bore down on the small boats, which were pulling towards her, Capt. Potts in the meantime hosting a signal indicating that he was ready to give assistance. The crew having got on board, Capt. Potts steered for the Alma, which also signalled for his aid. The boat of the latter was lowered, into which were first put three ladies and gentlemen, and a child, who were passengers, and 9 seamen. The first trip to the Pavidette was accom plished without any accident, but the seamen, who were all French, very gallantly refused to take the boat back and rescue nine more men, including the captain, who was still on board. They persisted in refusing to go, whereupon the mate of the Pavi dette with some of the Esmok's crew volunteered to man the boat. They brought the remaining men safely to the ship. The Pavidette hove to for the night, and the following morning an examination of the Alma was made by the captain and his mate. They determined that the ship was not seaworthy, and that they would abandon her. Captain Potts then put his ship about and bore up for Queenstown, with 45 persons on board whom he had rescued from an untimely end. The captains, passengers, and crews of both ships speak in the highest terms of the kindness which they received while on board from Captain Potts, as well as his wife, and they only regret that they cannot recompense them ade quately for the valuable services they rendered. Captain Potts in this ease has shown the most praiseworthy anxiety for thesafety of those he res cued, because, at great disadvantage to himself, his ship being bound out, he put back to Queenstown, prolonging his voyage at least a week, and also running the risk of losing a fair wind. On their arrival at Queenstown the crews were taken to the Sailors' Home. Sultan in his magnanimity ? How can you ask us to return to our dwellings to enjoy in safety the protection of the Imperial Government? Does not your Excellency then remember that at the head of your ferocious militia you have demolished and burned our habitations ; that everywhere on your passage you have devastated and sacked our unfortunate country ; that the blood of victims un justly shed has dug between you and us an abyss which nothing can fill up : No tie, absolutely none, unites us to you. Religion, language, manners, customs, national traditions, arc with us in opposi tion to yours. The massacres committed by you in the present war, the profanation of our temples, the destruction of our villages, of our olive woods, of our vines—all these acts of vandalism have crowned the enmity existing between you and us, and it is henceforth impossible for us to live under the law of such cruel tyrants. " Your Excellency's Government, then, deceives itself strangely if it hopes to bring us again under its dominion by fallacious promises. Consequently, we boldly refuse the six weeks' truce which you grant us, reserving to ourselves the right to attack the Imperial troops when and where we think proper. Neither will we accept the authority given us to emigrate with our families within the above named time. You well know that up to this time thousands of families have quitted Crete without the authority of your magnanimous Government." THE PUBLIC HEALTH. (From the Registrar-General's Weekly Return.) In the week that ended on Saturday, November 9, 4,613 births and 2,706 deaths were registered in London and 12 other large towns in the United Kingdom. The annual rate of mortality was 23 per 1,000 persons living. The annual rate of mortality last week was 20 per 1,000 in London, 27 in Edinburgh, and 25 in Dub lin ; 20 in Bristol, 23 in Birmingham, 26 in Liver pool, 26 in Manchester, 27 in Salford, 24 in Shef field, 24 in Leeds, 28 in Hull, 29 in Newcastle upon-Tyne, and 27 in Glasgow. In London the births of 1,187 boys and 1,083 girls, in all 2,270 children, were registered in the week. Iu the corresponding weeks of ten years 1857-66 the average numbers, corrected for increase of population, is 2,081. The deaths registered in London during the week were 1,195. It was the 45th week of the year, and the average number of deaths for that week is, with a correction for increase of population, 1,417. The deaths in the present return are less by 222 than the estimated number. The deaths from zymotic diseases were 251, the corrected average number being 347. The deaths from smallpox were 9, from scarlatina 39, from whooping-cough 27, from typhus 42, from diarrhoea 21, and from measles 37. Fifteen children died from measles in the north districts of the metropolis; six of these cases occurred in the sub-district of St. John, Marylebone. The son of a painter, aged 2 years, died on Nov. 1 at 4, Bridge-street, Hammersmith, of cholera, 8 hours, and on Nov. 4, in the same family, a daugh ter, aged 5 years, died of cholera, 24 hours. The son of a stonemason, aged 3 months, died on Nov. 3 at 14, Ashburnham-terrace, Chelsea, of choleraic diarrboat. The son of a cooper, aged 4 years, died on the 28th Oct. at 21, Washington-street, Mile end Old Town, of convulsions from choleraic diar rhcea, accelerated by the smell from drains. (In quest.) A labourer, aged 60 years, died on the 3d Nov. at 16, Charlton-vale, Woolwich, of acute rheumatism, 6 days, choleraic diarrhoea, 18 hours. One hundred and forty-eight persons died last week from phthisis, 154 from bronchitis, 82 from pneumonia, and 51 from diseases of the heart. The deaths of three persons who were killed by horses or carriages in the streets were registered last last week. One hundred and forty-six deaths from injuries caused by horses or vehicles in the streets have been recorded during the present year. At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean height of the barometer in the week was 30.321 in. The barometrical reading increaseh from 30.10 on Monday, the 4th of Nov., to the very high reading of 30-47 in. on Saturday, the 9th of Nov. The mean temperature of the air in the week was 41.9 deg., which is 3.5 deg. below the average of the same week in 50 years (as determined by Mr. Glaisher.) The highest day temperature was 53.5 deg. ou Mon day, the 4th of Nov. The lowest night temperature was 30.2 deg. on Sunday, the 3d of Nov. The en tire range of temperature in the week was, there fore, 23.3 deg. The mean of the highest tempera tures of the water of the Thames was 47.7 deg. ; that of the lowest was 45.4 deg, The difference between the mean dew-point temperature and air temperature was 3.2 deg. The mean degree of humidity of the air was 89, complete :saturation being represented by 100. On Saturday, the 9th of Nov., the atmosphere was saturated with mois ture, the amount recorded being 100. Fog of variable density was prevalent during the week. Lightning was seen during the night of Monday, the 4th of November. No rain fell. The general direction of the wind was IV.S.W. According to a return furnished by the engineer of the Metropolitan Board of Works, the average daily quantity of sewage pumped into the river Thames at the Southern Out fall Works, Crossness, was 48,759,604 gallons, or 221,537 cubic metres, equivalent to about as many tons by weight. The present system of registration has been in operation for 30 years ; and a legal certificate of a birth, death, or marriage in England or Wales during that period may be obtained at the General Register-office, Somerset-house. IURKEY AND CRLTE. The Grand Vizier, AaliPacha, has addressed the following circular to the Consuls of France, Aus tria, Italy, and Russia " La Canee, Oct. 26, 1867. " Monsieur le Consul,.—Since my arrival at La Canee I have been in a position to test the practical inconveniences of the measure adopted by tLe Great Powers, relative to the transport to the Hellenic territory of the subjects of his Majesty the Sultan. 1 am willing to hope that the humane reasons which determined the transport of the families having ceased to exist, even in supposition, the ships, be longing to the Great Power which you have the honour to represent, will speedily receive the order to abstain henceforth from all interference. "In any case, without interfering with the prin ciple admitted in my proclamation as regards the families desirous of emigrating voluntarily and spontaneously, I must draw your attention to a point of detail which requires to be logically referred to the philanthropic conception from which it ema nates. " It was apparently with a view to remove the in offensive families from the calamities of the state of war and to provide for them a better condition that the Powers decided to effect their transport to Greece. " Now, by virtue of the proclamation of Serdare krem, confirmed by me, the Imperial troops have ceased their war operations, and are abstaining from all offensive measures. " On the other hand, you are doubtless aware tha . the emigrants have exchanged the situation in whicl they were placed at Crete, so pitiful as it was sup. posed - to be, for one very much worse. " These are undeniable facts. Another fact not less certain is the method employed by the foreign volunteers to force the families to expatriation. They are placed under the necessity of choosing between their reunion to the bands of emigration, and this under the pain of incendiarism or death. " The incursions made in the district of Candia, which have cost the lives of four persons, and the fifteen thousand olive trees burned in the district of Berthymno, prove that the system of terrorism in flicted on the island is not confined to menaces. " However, my intention is not, I repeat, to oppose the least obstacle to the voluntary and spon taneous emigration of the families. "This letter has then simply for its object to beg of you to request the commanders of ships belong ing to the Power you represent not to embark the emigrants, except at -, where Imperial Govern ment Commissioners will be charged to satisfy themselves as to the spontaneity of the expatriation " Accept, Monsieur le Consul, the assurance o my distinguished consideration. (Signed) " AALI." The following is the text of the answer of the Cretan Committee to the proclamation of Aali Pacha : " The Committee of Malvision, Temenos, and Mes sara, to his Excellency Redshid Pacha, Governor of Heraclion. " Some days ago your Excellency sent to Saint Myron some functionaries of the Porte, who read to the Cretans already subjected a proclamation concerning the insurgents who are courageously and unceasingly struggling to reconquer their liberty. In the first place, it was very useless, and even ridiculous, to read this proclamation to people whom you hold under your yoke, and who are, for the moment, subjugated ; however, we will answer categorically both you and the government you re present. "For 15 months we have sustained, with arms in our hands, a struggle unequal, but legitimate, for we have armed ourselves definitively to shake off the horrible yoke which the Government of the Sultan has caused to weigh upon us for two centu ries, and under which we have suffered the most terrible evils. " From all time the Cretan population, notoriously intelligent and friendly toprogress, has been esteemed by all ; but since it has lived. under the dominion of your idle and enervated race, it has been stricken with impuissance and sterility. Crete, formerly so prosperous, and which contained a million of in habitants, has become in the rapacious hands of the Sultans, a desert and unfruitful country, which can not even nourish the small number of inhabitants escaped from the pitiless swords of its barbarous invaders. " The light of our age has spread itself over all the earth ; but we have been able to receive but a faint reflection of it through the thick Bceotism of your race, which intercepts the rays. This feeblelight has, however, sufficed to awaken us from our slumbers. We have considered the sadness and misery of our position, thanks to the inertia of your administration; we have compared ourselves with other European peoples; we have asked ourselves what would be our future; we Lave not been able to discover any chance of progress for ourselves nor of amelior ation of our fate under the sovereignty of the Sul tan ; the Tanzitn.it and the Hata houmayoun, vain promises, of which a long experience has shown the inefficiency, were not of a nature to reassure us as to our future fate. No longer, then, hoping any thing, we have taken up arms, and relying on the right of nationalities, we have boldly proclaimed the forfeiture of the Turkish domination, and, confident in our right, have voted our reunion to our mother country, Greece. " A war of extermination has for several months continued its ravages over our beautiful island. The unbridled hordes of Asia and Africa, let loose upon our unhappy country to fight a people who are weak and innumerous, but courageous and tenacious, commit the. most horrible outrages on women, chil dren, the aged, and defenceless, and by these abominations they have justly raised the indigna tion of all the peoples, both of the Old and the New World. After so many calamities and dizasters, after such sacrifices on our part, how can your Excellency seriously propose to us to lay down our arms, and to have confidence in the amnesty granted by the. Serious Collision at Sea. A small Dutch schooner named the Pavidette, ' 150 tons, Captain Putts, landed at Queenstown 45 persons, consisting of seamen and passengers of two vessels which had been in collision at sea. The Pavidette was outward bound from Glasgow, with a general cargo, for Berbice, and on Wednesday morning last, about six o'clock, when between 9 and 10 deg. W. and 50 deg. N., Captain Potts saw sig nals of distress flying from a small boat with a num ber of persons in it, and also from a large French ship which lay close to her. He bore down imme diately to render assistance, and it was found that two ships had been in collision, a French vessel sur viving., while the captain and crew of the other ves el, which had foundered, were in small boats close by. The lost ship proved to be the Esmok, 854 tons, Captain M'Kee, which left Liverpool on Saturday, the 2d instant. She was bound for Cal cutta with a cargo of salt, and with a fair wind all went well till late on Tuesday night, when about 180 miles S.W. of Cape Clear. Then it commenced to blow a gale from the S.S.E., and Captain M•Kee found it necessary to shorten sail. He remained on deck till half-past four the next morning, and, seeing his ship all right, and finding the gale moderating slightly, he went below to have som: sleep. Ile was not long in his cabin when he heard a shout from the look-out of " ship ahead." He ran on deck, but before any attempt could be made to prevent it, the two vessels were in collision, the Alma, which was the name of the other ship, fastening in the fore chains of the Esmok. It was blowing hard at the time, and, as may be imagined, the shock was fearful. The utmost con sternation prevailed for some time on board both ships. The Esmok was cut down almost to the water's edge and she began to fill quickly. The Alma got entangled in her stays, and the wind blew her round till she came side by side with the Esmok. The wind continuing to blow freshly, and there being a heavy sea on, the former thumped heavily on the Esmok's starboard quarter, starting the planks of the latter even below the copper. 'The Esmok now commenced to make more water, and there appeared to be no chance of saving her from foundering. All this time the crew of the Alma were rushing about the decks in a frantic manner, having apparently lost all presence of mind. They made no attempt to clear their ship of the wreck, which was fast sinking, and indeed to this oversight, if it may be called one, the safety of the Esmok's crew is attributable, because if she had not been so firmly fixed to the French vessel she would have foundered much sooner. Captain M'Kee had the pumps o.e. his ship sounded, and it was ascertained that in four minutes she had leaked 14 inches of water. At this rate the vessel could not float long, and on a subsequent sounding the leakage was found to have increased. Captain Al'Kee and the carpenter were slung down the side of the ship, and found her planks all started, indeed in such a state as left no doubt of unseaworthiness. The captain, seeing nothing else for it, ordered the boats to be lowered, and having taken as much provisions and fresh water as they could lay hands on, the crew got into them, Captain M'Kee being the last man to leave the ship. Cap tain Moniere, the master of the Alma, then cut away the rigging which fastened the ships to gether, and the Esmok fell clear of her, foundering in about eight minutes. She first went down at the stern, and before her bow had disappeared under the surface of the water her fore-head decks were blown into the air. Shortly after this a vessel The Changing Scenes of the Far West. --- The great river which empties itself into the Gulf of California is attracting more and more attention en the Pacific coast. The . Rio Colorado derives its waters from the ranges of the Rocky Mountains and the Wahsatch Chain, where the Great Salt Lake and the City of the Mormons are situated. As it flows south from Utah it penetrates through Arizona, courses along the Southern borders of Ne vada, separates Lower California from Arizona, and finally empties itself into the Gulf of California. Along its whole course it is known to pass through mining districts of great value, and some of the citizens of San Francisco have at last formed them selves into a company to open steam communica tion as far up as possible towards the Great Salt Lake settlements. Vessels, to have sailed on the Ist instant, were to carry the families who are to found the new town of San Diego, and a steamer has Leen fitted out to explore the river and to 'prospect through the Territory of Arizona. A force of 250 men, with many well acquainted with the country, will form the expedition. From all yet known, it is anticipated that the Rio Colorado will prove a most useful outlet, as it flows between vast ranges that shut in the richest mineral territories on earth, which want but a cheap and expeditious mode of carriage to pour into the lap of civilisation countless hoards of the precious metals. A strange fate seems to overtake the Mormons. They fly from a persecuting world, they bury them selves in unknown wastes, they achieve the most wonderful exploit of modern times in the successful establishment of a settlement so isolated, as seem- iugly to have been as much lost to civilisation as RoßissoE C USOE was on his lonely isle to the rest of his kind. Over sandy deserts, over wild, barren mountains—through defiles buried in snow, through long wastes of unwatered prairies,—the " saints" at last reached the summit of the Pass, whence they looked over the arid and leafless plains, the dry river beds, the bare hillsides, the deep canons and gorges that form the bleak sierras and forbidding valleys of their chosen country. But a few hostile Utes and Snakes moved in the vast stillness around, scarcely any wild game was to be found, and even the water that spread in miles before their thirsty glance was salter than the sea. Never before was Auch a striking instance given of the truth of the saying that " man proposes but GOD disposes" than in the design which led the Mormons to found the Great Salt Lake City and in the result. To the East, night and day, gangs of men are at work forming the lines of railway which will shortly make the Salt Lake City one of its stations. To the West already the summit of t the Sierra Nevada has been tunnelled, and the line opened for miles which will soon bring the Mormon retreat into direct communication with San Francisco. Already the pioneer is steam ing up the Colorado from the South that is to pene trate into the Mormon paradise. On all sides civi lisation threatens the false religion, and the Salt Lake City has become within a few years after its foundation a spot to which the mightiest efforts and designs now being achieved in the world are di rected. It is, in truth, a marvellous tale—so won derful that no romance of the imagination, no Ara bian tale, has approached it in thrilling interest and startling change. The history of Mormonism, when it is counted, as it shortly must be, among buried de lusions, will not only be the strangest story yet furnished by the Western world, but the most ex traordinary incident in the history of the human race. When the train stops and the guard announces " The Great Salt Lake City," the romance of the story to the ordinary wayfarer may be dispelled, but it will take hold of the imagination of coming genera- tions, and be preserved when mighty events of this century are forgot! en. It is to the precious metals that we mainly owe the quick and singular change which has overtaken BRIGHAM YOUNG and his fellow " saints. " He would indeed have been a prophet could he have foreseen it, and selected another and more inviting site. That BRIGHAM is not a prophet ought to be sufficiently demonstrated to the " saints" by his choice of a refuge against the world, which would have shown a marvellous discrimination in a sinner, for to it all eyes now turn and all travel tends. As yet the mining terri tories have furnished a field only for the citizens of the United States. But the time is at hand when the attention of Europe will be drawn by the most attractive magnet. Already we see indications. A shadowy idea of the extraordinary field opened in these States and territories is spreading, attracting notice, and causing inquiry. Californians hover about London with claims to rich lodes in the hope of picking up sufficient capital to work mines which promise enormous returns; and the stories of wealth they tell and prizes drawn find eager listeners, though few believers. If men believed—some of the idle capital of Europe would quickly be directed to these channels, yet it is almost impossible to exaggerate the wealth of the mountains of Nevada and the circumjacent districts. Men ask these possessed of properties promising so much why they do not pro cure the required capital on the spot. They might as well ask a starving wretch in the streets of London why he does not dine on the smoking joints he may smell as they steam on the counters of an eating house. There is a surplus of mining properties, but a deficit of means to work them in San Francisco ; and those who offer the claims in London are trying to carry out the law of commerce which uses the surplus of one spot to make good the scarcity in another. Against this the capitalist exclaims, " But how can we trust these statements, and after our recent experience, who will give to his neighbour the confidence required when he places his:money in that neighbour's hands?" Un less he puts his capital in a stocking up the chimney, or buries it in the garden, he will be compelled to put trust somewhere. Many who invest in the mines of the Pacific States draw rich prizes, while others may be totally de ceived. All we know is, that the development of the precious metals now going on is something mar vellous, and the small populations of these States and Territories are working with so much energy that, even unaided by European capital and labour, they are obtaining such a return as will make them beyond comparison the richest community on the globe.—Anglo-American Times. SAFETY FISHEVG BOATS. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sfe,—lt has often been observed on the subject of the annual average take of herrings in the Scottish seas that there had been fluctuations and variations, good seasons and bad, all however reducible to one uniform cause of success or failure. The one element which determines the result is weather. In rough and stormy seasons the boats cannot get to their work or get through it, and therefore the catch is diminished ; but the harvest is always there if the reapers can reach it. I have been led to crave the valuable aid of The Sun to make more generally known, and to call public attention to, the bene volent object of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution, with which 1 have the honour to be connected, in devising and reducing to practice a plan of a safety fishing boat, which has, under my own observation, proved most successful as a convenient boat for the prosecution of the white and herring fisheries on our coasts, and is calculated to enable these fisheries to be prosecuted with greater safety to those engaged in them than has yet been attained by any other means of which lam aware. The element of safety in these boats to which I have referred is attained mainly, Ist, by making the usual fore cabin a water-tight com partment, the access to it being by a water tight hatch in the deck, instead of an open door at the side ; 2d, by making the usual compartment at the stern also water-tight; and 3rd, by running a side deck along each side. In this way a large open main hatchway is lef t,of sufficient size for work ing the nets, but which may be covered when neces sary by portable hatches and a water-tight tarpaulin cover, to be used in gales of wind. These hatches and tarpaulin are easily stowed away in fine weather, and on the occurrence of bad weather the main hatchway can be securely covered in a few minutes, so. that no water can possibly get access below should a heavy sea break on board. In fact, as will be seen, the boat is capable of being converted into a decked water-tight vessel within a few minutes after the recurrence of an emergency, and of being , almost instantly restored, if desired, to the condi tion of an ordinary fishing boat with a large open main hatchway. Your columns attest the fact that scarcely a sea son passes without the occurrence of some terrible disaster, which in all human probability might have been averted by the adoption of an expedient by which open fishing boats might be preserved from the risk of a sea falling on board of them. Living, as I do, in one of the most exposed posi tions of this exposed and stormy coast, I am unfortunately able to bear ample testimony to the benefits which would arise from the general adop tion of such an expedient, and—supported as I am by the opinions of practical persons—to the evident utility of the very simple plan which I feel I have somewhat imperfectly described. I can recall to my recollection at least one occasion within the last ten years when an ordinary fishing boat was, in the pre sence of numerous but helpless spectators, swamped within a short distance of the shore ; and all hands perished. Again, I was not long ago told by a fisherman, that in running for the harbour from the fishing ground on a dark and stormy night he heard a cry of distress as he was borne swiftly before the tempest past the wreck of a swamped boat, one end of which, probably the fore cabin, rudely and imperfectly representing a water-tight compartment, maintained its position above the water after the other portions of the boat had been submerged. Upon this precarious safety stood the sole survivor of the crew, who hailed with the energy of a drowning man the welcome advent of apparent rescue. But the wreck slowly disappeared before my informant was able to stay his boat with the intention of rendering assistance. And who that witnessed them can forget the scenes enacted on these coasts in August, 1849 ? The fleet of boats, being unprotected to any extent by decks, and therefore unable to live in the heavy sea which sud dennly overtook them at the fishing ground, crowded in disorganised masses towards the entrances of the nearest harbour; and amongst a fearful list of other casualties, a fishing boat which was descried from this brought up at anchor, rode in safety for a time, but was swamped and her crew drowned, through her increased proximity to the breakers, on the approach of low water. I venture to think that such calamities as these, with a number of others, some of which have been seen, but many of them occurring in dark and stormy nights have been witnessed by no human eye, would, under Providence, have been averted had there been a general adoption of the simple principles which I have described as entering into the construction of the safety fishing boat devised by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution. Already five of these boats, with safety fittings such as I have described, have been built by the Institu- tion and placed at selected stations—one of them at this port in the hands of experienced and trust worthy fishermen, to whom they are let at a small percentage on their earnings, in order that they may serve as models -from which the local boats may bo improved iu a similar manner. 1 need scarcely say that the efforts of the Institution, which has ex- pended a large sum of money in bringing the plan 1 have described under the notice of fishermen and others in a practical form, are entirely devoted to the preservation and safety of life, and that it is not to any extent actuated by the expectation of pecuniary gain. Yet it may not be out of place for me to say, as a proof of the utility of these boats, in the advantageous prosecution of the fisheries, tha t I have just remitted to the institution a sum of £26 17s. 51, being one-twelfth part of the earnings of the safety boat here, with which I have been con nected since the month of May last. I trust, there fore, that I may be allowed to express an earnest hope that the plan of the safety fishing boat, of which I rejoice to be able to speak so favourably, may be adopted in the course of time wherever the lives of fishermen are now exposed in open boats to the perils of the sea. I feel assured that those who advocate its adoption not only advance the cause of humanity, but rromote the welfare of the fishing communities, which must always maintain au im portant position in the maritime interests of the world.—l am, &c., WILLIAM BOYD, Hon. Sec., Royal National Lifeboat Institution. Peterhead, N. 8., Nov. 8. THE SHARKS ON OUR COASTS. We learn that at least three kinds of sharks have been met with on our south-eastward coast in greater numbers than usual, in the summer and autumn of this year, or at least they have attracted more notice than formerly, and in consequence considerable alarm has been spread among bathers, from the sup posed danger of being bitten by them. This fear, however, appears to be groundless, since the species mentioned in Land and Water are known to be abundant on the coast of Cornwall in every year, but there is no recorded instance of their ever having inflicted a personal injury on any one. Nor, as re gards two of them, does there appear to exist the power, any more than the will, to make an attack on the human body. The teeth of the porbeagle are indeed prominent and sharp, and therefore ca pable of inflicting a lacerated wound ; but this fish is not eminently ferocious, and its habit is to swim rather low in the water, so as not to come within the range of a bather. Its usual prey is of compara tively small size, and the teeth are rather formed to hold fast than to divide whatever it may seize. The thrasher is still less fitted to inflict injury than the porbeagle, since its teeth are small, and little fitted for attack ou an object of considerable size, so that it has been captured in a net frog" which a blue shark would have speedily delivered itself. This last-mentioned species is indeed the only formidable one that frequents our waters, and the structure of its jaws affords proof of what it might be able to inflict on an unwary bather. N° one would willingly place himself within its reach. It is a plague to fishermen, whose nets it greatly injures by biting out a piece in which some unfor tunate fish has chanced to become entangled. But this is all; for it does not come so near the land as to excite apprehension in any who may be swim ming within a mile of the shore, within which bounds I have not known it to approach.—Jonathan Couch, in " Land and Water." COUNTRY MARKETS. BRISTOL—THURSDAY. On our market to-day there was a moderato supply of English wheat, which was sold slowly at barely iorn:ier prices. In foreign wheat, which met with a better 1 11 " quirt', prices were scarcely so high as last weak. Malti n g barley iu full supply, at a slight reduction ; grinding sorts dull, at previous isles. Oats in retail demand, and pric` ° as of late. Indian corn slow, and also beaus. 31ANCTIESTER—TnuRSDAY. At to-day's market there was a fair supply of English wheat, which sold moderately at a decline of is per clt upon the quotations of last week. Foreign also declined 4d per ceutal. The flour trade was limited, and is lower. Indian corn had for late rates. Oats receded hi per 401 b and oatmeal Gd per load. No change in English beans, but Egyptian Gd per qr under late currencies. BURY ST. EDMUNDS—WEDNESDAY. Tho supply of wheat at this market to-day was not large, and the limited business done must be quoted at late prices. In malting barley there was a fair business, and former rates declined is to 2s per qr. Oats is higher. Beans and peas fully as dear. Average prices : Wheat, 67s lld ; barley, 43s 3d; °ate, 25s lld ; beans, —s Od. BIRMINGHAM—THURSDAY. Our market this morning was moderately supplied w►th English wheat. There was a slow business done, and last market prices declined is per quarter on all descriptions• Grinding barley at the full rates of last week. Beans and oats at quite late rates. Peas were is cheaper. EDINBURGH—WEDNESDAY. Average prices. Wheat, 75510 d 1 Oats, 32s 3d Barley, 4ss Od 1 Beans ...47s Od Total supply and sales. Wheat 715 qrs sold 824 Barley 1877 qrs sold 1876 Beans 1644 qrs sold 1522 Oats 2l qrs sold 20 Town-made flour sells as follows :—White, 62s Od; wal / superfine, 60s Od; superfine, 58s Od; fine, 56s Od. GLASGOW—WEDNESDAY. To-day's market was fairly attended, and the supplies, wore moderate. A fair trade done in wheat, at a slitl" decline since last Wednesday. Flour also lower in value• Barley the turn cheaper. Now oats 6d per 2641 b Indian corn, Egyptian beans, and old oats brought former currencies. Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DIIE. Australia and New Zealand, via Southampton Nov. 19. Ditto, via Marseilles ....... Ditto, via Panama Nov. V. Brazil, Buenos Ayres, and Monte Video Dec. 4. Ditto, by Frenoh paoket ~ Nov. 23 Cape Verde, by Brazil packet . ..... Dec. 4'. Cape of Good Hope, ASOCIIBIOII. and St. Helena.... Nov. 27 . China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southampton.. Nov. 1). Nov. Ditto, via Marseilles Falkland Islands Dec. I. Gibraltar, via Southampton Nov. 19 ' India, via Southampton Nov. 19 ' Ditto, via Alarsell es Nov. 2 ' l " Malta, Egypt, Sze. Ditto, Marseilles Oct. 2,7. Mauritius, Cape of Good Hope, and Natal, via Nov. I g' Southampton. Ditt•), via Mareeides Nov. ---. N ewfoundla no ...... • . —NOY' 20. Portugal Dew. 4 • Ditto, by r. Na to ship to Oporto Ditto t .1 to Lisbon United States, ( ana California, &a, by British , packet .• • • Nov. 23 ' Ditto, by 1 i ited States packet ' Ditto ditto (New York) Ditto ditto Nov York) Ditto dittt (Baltimore) Ditto, by Canadian packet Nov " West Coast of Aleut, Madeira, and Tenerif e Nair. 1 -7. West Indies and Paz,ific ;except Mexico and Baha mas) Cuba and Mexico _ —Nov. ' ts Bahamas, via New York Dec. •-• Bermuda, vla Halifax Births. the ANNESLEY—On the 14th inst., at 5, Leinster-torra ce, wife of the Hon. Sydney Annosley, of a daughter. CRAWLEY—On the 14th inst., at 10, Albemarle-stre et, Ir y Mrs. Charles Crawley, of a son. , t he PEEL —On the 12th inst., at Trenant Park, Cornw all) wife of Captain W. H. Peel, of a daughter. Marriages. LAws—LISLE—On the 13th inst., at Brixton, -r-A" .. ' i o Laws, of Thorpe Park, Essex, to Charlotte daughter of Benjamin Lisle, of Hammersmith, Esq' MILLER—MILLER—On the 14th last. at at St. o e °l ;Ter- Church, Battersea, Robert Miller, of Lawn, , sea, Surrey, to Charlotte, ' rolict of W. J. Miller, Belle Alliance-square, Ramsgate. Deaths. , .00 CULLEN—Ou the 13th inst at 6 St. E I na's --e-.1 ~, . mu d 7 3. • North Lodge, Regent's-park, R. Cullen, Esq., a g ° ,• G a in' HOMER—On the 14th inst., at Southamptou - st ree., the berwell, Martha Homer, last surviving daughter of late John Homer, of Barking, Essex, aged Be. , ,Astt PALMER—On the 13th inst., at 4, Compton -stree t Miss Martha Palmer, aged 73. , rlon d i RICHARDSON— On the 13th hist , -Wi g t o n, Cuuw e- James Richardson, of Oakbank . , Dunoon, aged 4 7 . 11. WARINGTON—On the 12th inst., at 13udleigh Salted Warington, Esq., late of Apothecaries' Hall, 'Vd London : Printed and Published by WILLIOg AN 11/ of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at THE SUN Ogle°, LT of Strand, in the Precinct of °-- the Se voy, in the Co hliddiesex.—Friday, Isiovembor 15, 1567. tRt qteh i A.' 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