The Sun. — London, England, 1841-04-09 00:00:00

~_----~ 4 1 ,uth ori ' 14 st o f 313 r the an. 1841) SUDJECT S• Jan " 1841 ' to s r I s noes arr all o 6 Cl nissioner iditions: of harbou r e; t just ch ar " 'le cornlo' re Trade use n cot Gov ern ) ble lion paY i a iir 11 annual )e tween the be tnton t op Diline s ti ,1 1„ 3 Poa ll lit at the 11' ion. liest occas: •• e minent :elusively t c r eban, o4 • i n offe ll ,,, the subiecor rs that Leasure tb e ... re i, the /3 0 ' °• s 11111)50f 1 'Uri° 3t. e t fc: cl , lll :re , ould ficatiOP: be atiOn C• of rent Of 0 ,1 seCON Y Pe' ) 1° an ,cr , A , nS and hreshold e to a-s e v y f the e ( t ) i t t and t ° c e 'orbearan ct Lad f°...r ee t :oo . : d ninnitY. n i er its r sentn,old a ddle ress 511 _ _ th ilt ciaring„t Of justale' l o9 strop 11 1,00 L With W' LLI~Th~a. ;iary, C TS. 10 1 . ;t r ' r ip e ass u he Govern - bd ice of •, ties in tilb! e tile ink Li f o ay seem ILl° l \ l 4' 3 ipotea ti fir e abov e her atiarY t o so • the un-, laeo , e to a '0 tying eer of the tse! es vo coun.triot formed e, and an e t ri,vn we ks upon - 1 E ., assure 60 ,i finding hat Brit is ipon ifisti he obseritgi' ( -4 ver tr • 0 1 111 1 0 eq°. a lol le : ,c,./ esrs,6, EVENING. EDITION oetained, property left in Canton, &c. &c., may S well the amount justly due to 12 millions, and, if the expenses of the present expedition are added, to at least 15 millions. For these the Chinese are t °, Pay toto six millions, in annual instalments ° L °lie million each, which million at the less than usual rate of 8 per cent. is not quite equal to the ann ual interest - for- the whole claim, of which capital and interest alike are lost at the expira tion of six years. But even without reference to the inadeq uacy o f t h e sum , we ma y a sk, how will tlChinese raise it ? Will it not be levied in shape of a new duty upon foreign commerce, and will it not therefore be the British chiefly who will be at the expense of this payment ? A tael or w ° en tea will soon raise the required sum, and .cp°osurners in England will drink dearer tea or the duty for payments of the indemnity be raised "imports, their increased price will curtail the consumption of British manufactures. That, how ever, Capt. Elli ot consente d t o rece i ve thi s smellmount of indemnity, although we may regret adoes not surprise us, after his despatch dated eingkoo. 28th November, 1839, in which he en hisvoured to injure the interests of the holders of . r Opium-scrip, with the Home Government, :Presentin g th em as no t en titl e d t o t oo muc h al sideration, and the small sum per chest which they,w, may now possibly get out of this indemnity, h 111 3 acco r di ng to hi s reason i ng , b e c l ear ga i n to pens who, without his interference in March, v") would h ave su ff ere d a l oss o f t wo t o th ree hun dred per cent. upon their opium ventures!! " 3d. Direct as the intercourse between the 'OM:tries upon an equal footing.”- tl IV othing less could have been expected, after h l n , e Chinese had felt from experience that they i n - ' no force whatever to oppose to the. British ; besides, in the' blue book, we are in fn'tued that Captain Elliot had already long be re this ga i ne d t hi s po i n t. o : 4 th. The trade of the port of Canton to be t e ued within ten days after the Chinese New el') and to be -carried on at Whampoa till fur s4r arrangements are practicable at the new „tienient." .te s (ti,. we suppose, that 10 days from this date, s e I s being Chinese New Year's day) we shall th e all the British Merchants return to Canton, i• ap e ,.re to transact their business as before ; in ~canton will again be, as it always has been, th,-; emporium of the Chinese trade, and al -o,lllgh, there, British Merchants may be insult p' their p ro p er ty t a k en f rom them, and their er tY endangered, we think that they will f• et t i ( ; er running these casks for the facilities trade Ys there, to going to a new settlement equal -oYfburdenedwith imposts, and which therefore en re rs no advantages commensurate with the in nhavenience and expense caused to commerce Iyeaving its old accustomed channels. hus far, what occurs to us on these four con t.. q on _ „ s separately, which, taken altogether, seem ti; re store matter to about the same state in which they were before our imprisonment, for unless b e e details, at p res ent matters of nego ti a ti on th explained, and these be more favourable a rl Captain Elliot's circular enables us to ex pert, the making Hong Kong an English set went seems to hold out very slight advan -I,e, to the British trading community, who will , t iahly not avail themselves of it, except per ti :Ps for the carrying on of unlawful business ; 1 ,, i 7 ,Port of Canton is to be opened, and trade toti there of co u r se b e resume d ; B r iti s h mer aPts will be obliged again to trust themselves I v i l ue tender mercies of the Chinese. B u t un d er th e guarantees? On this all-important subject it „ ,Circular is silent—will they, after they shall Vein be in the power of the Chinese not of made responsible for former transgressions onhhinese Custom-house regulations ? What oecome of the b onds? Are they still insisted s o „ have the Imperial laws been changed i n fa fa- r u nof the British? What has been done with e L hrd to the dividends of bank ru pt hong-mer ti„,nts, some of which have been overdue some t one ?? Has, in fact, anything been stipulated to ve the many laws for the degradation of fo elgue • ••• c ow . rs visiting China ? Is the Hong system to tiuue unaltered? Is the British merchant li b l ,to be obliged to confide his property into the f inz 'os of men notoriously insolvent ? These are 4 10 °, of the questions the solution of which we 1 0 ,,,, 11 'd wish to see, and which it is to be hoped ig b . Part of the still pending negotiations. b e t ,',e had reason to hope that the Chinese would tl i ,".uliged to open if not several at least one of by 1 „ 1. Ports to the northward, a hope we conceive tis n m° Means extravagant when already a very tirt n ll !able position had been occupied by British Qommanding the most important of Chinese not p, the Yangste-Keang—the Circular says Ps " Word on the s u bj ec t, an d it s om i ss i on i s a on ° f that no such stipulati o n h as b een ma d e . N o , ev, 'le contrary, Chusan is to be immediately Ch eitated and restored to the Chinese as 4;tlenpee already has been on Thursday e l . t, when the English flag was low ed, and the Chinese again hoisted. As a is 9sideration for the cession of these conq ue st s , h'teli, held by the English, would, from their mthand ing positions, have been well worth some i4tg* better, the Island of Hong Kong has come tl conditional possession of the English, and 4 1 ,,, s is all the advantage gained by the send le of the expedition, for we consider the kti l uent of the six millions, whe n no l ess th an ' peeteast twice that sum o ug ht t o h ave b een ex ea_ccl, as a most shameful compromise, and a hill!less abandonment ofthe interests of a cora th Ili tY" which the Plenipotentiary was sent to er ish. 411 1, kr, 114 People will object, these terms perhaps b e . t 4O little favourable, becaus e no o th ers cou ld 4 4 0 °ti perhaps the Chinese opposed equal f 4 b es to your armament, and you were unable so a ek your argument by force—if these were kt et i should not quarrel with a compromise c r dic kse h t Y necessity; but the contrary was th e tt ( t Imsan had been taken without resistance, 1 4 R . k ept possession of without any attempt b e - W il ude by the Chinese to recapture it; the krv - e e se notoriously have no sea force to de of t 1 that name , a nd from the b ac k war d ness ‘Ye :eir troops to face the British at Chusan 1 4 0 ; r rive a t the conclusion that their land in a war with an European nation a re too 411 Y unavailable. Chuenpee and Ty-cock qiiialvere taken with great slaughter to th e kr t t e ,se, who were so surrounded in the former th t.'at they could not run away—immediate)y 'ort, 1s being witnessed from the other Bogue Stee t ' L le garrisons prepared themselves to evaeu -111„ni, and in fact, when on the Bth th e s hip s NI approached the fortress, the garrison was Ntie h'eaving it as fast as possible. Here was e r proof that the Chinese have not L t ie l i t ,;eans of opposing force to force, but afbed le,nipoterttiary, who might have p05:4,0 :4, 0 himself at that time of the forts 4, 4 , almost firing a gun, was afraid 4 , - sLng the imperial favour by going t ko etis r) and stopping the British arms in their ego °f success, was the first to recommence tie "ations on the plea, we hear, that. Keshen, th. tw o ni , small forts only taken, might gloss th ey, but if the principal forts had fallen i l tri tn 'ie hands of the English, even Chinese di -I,l'44l4tthists would not be able to hide the truth e Emperor, who, enraged at the presump- N4, ° f th e barbarians, would then refuse all 1 )1 t . 'ii., 4131 e accommodation. We need not point . 41a1,bias of such argument, or the . sin :4l4 'las in favour of underhand dealing, if the i lkP on cl f Anughoy were really spared for such "Ys* 8; Yet it is difficult tofind others. As far as al • a t ,a l force, then, was concerned in obtaining t t ° ,,Ql e , al lgement of existing difficulties, this was 01 4 -r ly in favour of the English that not a ii o , e4 t l exist on the subject, and there being Otio s 'essity for being too yielding, all just (le t:Priv ° light to have been strictly enforced. If tlt Of to life I injure my neighbour to the ex c''l 4 ) . 4 ' 001 ., the law gives him redress for the fists be tint of the injury, and I must pay it, and 11e, S deS, an d if I h ave no t the means to pay, t i 4 p ei T i tor may consign my body to a ris on. lile, or in transactions, between na tY iY he law would stand exactly as between h qtetog,,hhour and me, and what considerations `4ip e may have prevailed on her Majesty's ss tb a ° il t entiary to accept from China so muchhi h i 4 R tA Was in justice due, we are at a loss to t 1: t I Cy a t. Suppose that the Chinese have not aes 4,.: 4 91igh to pay for the opium destroyed, o N,,:idi in lands—but the conditional pos 0, 1 7 Bong Kong, will by no one, we pre tie valued at 9 millions of dollars or N — l e payment of which Captain Elliot 1144 tm n , '4l ed. If lands or possessions were not ti::tish favourable conditions for the trade of thta po dirt . I subjects m i g ht h ave been obtained ; on 4 t the Ci rcu l ar is silent, except it b e • oi l thl ß: ,,cet official intercourse upon an equal il O ,.Pw , „this, we fear even those " fondest of VI) not value at the sum named; if, in- Iljvasti:s4idort:fi,tothe northward had been opened, or the oppressive hong-monopoly, free tit had been given to trade where and da,: °lll we liked • if a promise of lowering , 8 _ , t he 4 t tr had been obtained ; if respectful and C:41 1 treatment to foreigners had been secured, 1) 14; 1 , 1 eSe i " a PS we might think that the I. ha v elad paid in kind for the debts they . Ivlpe 6 1 i ncurred ; as it is, there remains a . a n ti ce unaccounted for—the assets for itiv . Ili a c a nd c z disappeared during the negotia lisid the p l 't.is but a poor consolation to know vitti mountable ehi iy may by his country be es t ° hs for them. These are the obser en c 1 naturally suggest themselves to us 'll:tt i° ll of the money-interests of the - question ; for the insults offered to her Majesty's Superintendent and to British merchants, -a.nd th rough them to the nation, no atonement wliat ev er has been made, nor seems to have been de rtilnded. We are told in the circular to forget ancl forgive—the latter we recommend as the exercise of a Christian virtue—the former, to him vim, can. RELEASE OF THE FRENCH MIS SIONARY. On Tuesday evening arrived in Macao, M. Tal llandier, a French Missionary, who having be( m apprehended in the country, had been kept a F ,risone.: in Canton during nearly three months. M.. Tallandier owes his liberation to Captain "'ldiot's intercession, without which, it is probable, Lie would have remained much longer ; he was taken before Keshen, previous to his departure for the Bogue, and graciously dismissed by that eminent person. WITHDRAWAL OF THE FORCE FROM THE BOGUE. I.,aSt night his Excellency Commodore Sir Goi don Bremer arrived in the Roads, accom pam'ed by . several ships of war and steamers. The English colours were removed from, and Chinese planted in their stead, on Chuenpee. On Thursday last the ships of war have, we learn, all left the Bogue, and a part of them will proceed to Hong Kong immediately to take possession of that island, in the name of her Majesty. The division against the forts of Tycocktow 'was not, as reported in our last, commanded by Captain Smith of the Druid, but by Captain Scott, of the Sarnarang, an officer of which ship -was the first to land and enter the fort. The following, taken from the Register, we ha.d in type, when another translation of appa rently the same document reached us, the orig.,;nal of which was placarded in the streets of Macuo yesterday. No mention is therein made of the CE ssion of Hong Kong : (From the Canton Register, Jan. 19.) We htilre just received and translated the fol lowing: order from Keshen to the Keunmingfoe of Ma cao—which is a rider to the British Pleni potenti 'ary's Circular, and confirms the good and gratefth! :news contained in that document. c 4 Kcs lien, a great Minister of State, and Im perial High Commissioner, of the second order of the hilreilitary nobility, and acting. Governor of the two , Kwang Provinces, writes this despatch for the full information of the Tangche, or Kenn minfoo, of - Macao. " The En glish barbarians are now obedient to orders, and, by an official document, have re stored Ting hae and Shakee ; invoking me with the most es .rnest importunity that I should for them report , and beg for (the Imperial) favour. " At pr, as ent all affairs are perfectly well set tled. The Former order for stopping their trade and cutting off the supplies of provisions, it is un necessary to enforce; it is for this purpose that I issue these orders to the said Tangche, that he may obey accordingly, without opposition. A special def patch." GENERAL MEMORANDUM. Wellesley, Jan. 8, 1841. The Commander-in-Chief has to express his admiration. at the gallant conduct of the whole force durini; the affair of yesterday, and requests that the Ca ptains and Commanders of the squa dron, and tl ie Commanders of the steam vessels, the officers, seamen, and marines, will receive his best thanks. To Major Pratt, commanding the Force, Major Johnson, 2Gth Regiment, Captain Knolles of the Royal Artillery, Lieutenant Simpson of the Wellesley- and Wilson of the Blenheim (employed on shore) Captain Ellis Royal Marines, Captain Duff 37th. Regiment, M. N. 1., and Captain Boulton Bengal Volunteers together with the officers, non commissioned Officers, and privates, his best thanks are also due. The Commander-in-Chief wishes to mark in an especial manner, the conduct of the whole of the nou-comm issioned officers and privates of the Force in abstaining from the least excess or irre gularity, s :circumstance alike honourable to them selves, anal beneficial to the character and inter ests of their country. (Signed) J. GORDON BREMER. Commander-in-Chief. To the respective Captains, Commanders, and Commissioned Officers of her Majesty's ships and vessels, and the Hon. Company's §teamers and the Military Officers employed at the cap ture of Chuenpee, the respective Ship's Compa nies and the Officers, Commanding Officers, and Privates of Marine and Land Forces. MACAO, JANUARY 21, 1841. We avail ourselves of the departure of the steamer Enterprise for India to send you the an nexed copies of public notices by her Majesty's Plenipotenhlary. The resui't may be communicated in a few words ; indei unity ofsix millions of dollars, direct official inter course, and a British settlement at Hong Kong, where, however, Chinese duties are to be levied as at Whampoa. Chusan, it is understood, will be evacuated, and no port will be opened to the northward. The future course of the opium trade does not seem to have formed a subject of discussion, but we understand opium may be imported into the new settlement although still contraband in China. In consequence of the arrangement above al luded to Chuenpee has been delivered to the Chinese. The whole of the British squadron has left the Bogue, and a portion has proceeded to Hon• Kong to take possession of it in the name of her Majesty - the Queen of Great Britain. An order has also been despatched to NinFpoo, di recting the immediate release of the British sub jects who had been detained there. Nothing can exceed the indignation and dis gust which Captain Elliott's proceedings have excited amongst all classes of British subjects both in India and China. Not only has he ne glected. the just claims of private individuals but he has sacrificed the honour of his country. CHUSAN. Accounts from Chusan to the 24th December have been received per Eagle, accordingto which the health of the troops was improving, there being no new cases of sickness. As will be seen from an extract of a letter from thence, communication with Ningpo was unrestricted, but the writer of that letter says that the Chinese intend commencing hostilities in spring. We do not think it unlikely, having never had much faith in the pacific intentions of the Chinese Government, as long as these could only be manifested by sacrifices on their part, and having hitherto refrained from exten sive hostile acts, was probably caused by the bad state of the army, which must have been much demoralized during, the two last peaceful reigns, particularly when it is borne in mind that the civil service is at all times held in higher esteem in China than the military, wHich, neglected during peace, can only regain its proper rank in times of pressing necessity. How far the preparations lately made in our neighbourhood have served to or ganize an effective body of troops, the events now passing at the Bogue will show; we do not expect to hear much said in favour of their discipline or tactics. Provisions at Chu san were plentiful ; the bazaar was sup plied with all kinds of necessaries, and even articles of export-commerce, such as course Silk Piece-goods, Raw Silk of inferior quality, and Tea, but in small quantities, were offered fbr sale. The weather was getting very cold, the thermometer having fallen as low as 22 degrees. —Canton Press. So much is now said in public and in Par liament about placing the education of the whole community under the control of the clergy, that we shall do some service by subjecting the quali fications of that body for the high trust to exa mination. We cannot conceive it possible that our Legislature should go on appointing chap lains to workhouses, and chaplains to gaols, and subjecting public instruction to their interfe rence and control, without first satisfying them selves perfectly that the clergy are the fittest body of men for that office. In the hope that we may attract the attention of Members of Parliament to the subject, we pen the following observations. The origin of the opinion that the priesthood are the proper instructors of the people, may be traced to the remotest antiquity. Amongst the Jews the Levites were the keepers of all the public records, and of necessity the teachers of the people in all matters of history, religion, and morals. The priests in Egypt seem to have filled a similar office, and to have possessed all the learning of the country. A similar fact was true of the Christian priesthood. On the breaking-up of the Roman empire, the knowledge of antiquity and many of the useful arts was exclusively preserved by the Christian clergy. They were respected by the barbarians, and became their teachers. They spread not only Christianity, but the arts of Rome and Greece over Europe, and were at that time to our Anglo-Saxon ancestors what our missionaries now are to the Sandwich Islanders. For several centuries the arts of reading and writing, the sciences of astronomy, of alchymy, of geography, and the practice of medicine, were almost exclusively in their hands. At that period they were the only teachers of the people, and they hold their present office as teachers more from traditionary respect for what the early priests did than from a conviction derived from reason of what the present race of priests are ca pable of performing. The Legislature has now to consider—;admitting as we most cheerfully do, the former great utility of the priesthood— whether they have any claims to hold the same high office in the present altered circumstances of mankind. We must first notice that they are now by no means the exclusive depositories of science and historical knowledge. On the contrary, lay men are perhaps greater cultivators of the sciences than the clergy. Reading, writing, and. the other arts which youth learn, are quite as much taught by laymen as by the clergy. They are not in fact, as clergymen, any longer the actual instructors of the people. Many of them take part in the periodical literature of the day; they write books also, and so contribute to the public instruction; but the press has actually superseded the clergy as public instructors, and it is only as they operate through that, in com mon with laymen, that they now fulfil this office. The great object of education, so far as the State is concerned, is to make man happy on earth. The State does not undertake to prepare man for Heaven. It must teach him to do his duties in this life. It must enable him to play his part well in the great earthly drama till its final denouement. Is the priesthood, as a body, calculated to teach men their duties ? Is their own education such as to fit them to be the instructors of other men in the duties of life? Are their minds so formed, and drilled, in love, affection, and sincere convictions, that they can be relied on as models on which a wise states man would desire to fashion the minds of the people ? These are important questions, and, before Sir ROBERT PEEL and Lord STANLEY, and Sir ROBERT INGLIS, heap taxes on us to pay clergymen, they are bound to consider and an swer them. One of the foremost duties of every man, if not the first duty, is to provide for his own sub sistence ; and, in order to do that, he must learn some one of the many thousand of the wealth creating arts, to which successive division and subdivision of labour has given rise. He cannot dispense with that, and the fitness of the clergy to teach any of these arts must be at once flatly denied. Nor is their example, on this point, calculated to impress on men the great lesson that ea`ch man must earn his own bread by the sweat of his brow. For the behoof of the priesthood, a great portion of the annual produce oflabour is set apart, and that is most unequally divided. Shares in it are not to be obtained by industry, by great ability or by great virtue, bualby fawning, by family connections, by educating some great man's son, or by being, per chance, tutor to some youth who turns out a great statesman. Who can narrate the squabbles, quarrels, and intrigues of the clergy to get large shares in this property, as it is called, of the Church Who knows a tithe of the simony and other vices which now and then peep out, as at York, of which the clergy, for the sake of wealth, are habitually guilty ? While, then, they are utterly unfit to teach other men bread-winning occupations, their own means of obtaining subsistence is the reverse of that recommended by the Apostle, and calcu lated to teach the community to get wealth by any means in preference to daily labour. In common with opulent laymen they acquire much useful knowledge at School and college, but that is not essential to the performance of their functions, for which they receive a peculiar instruction. They are impressed with a know ledge of the past, and taught to disregard the present. Their acquaintance with the latter is only an incidental acquisition, and is not a neces sary part of their instruction. To one narrow portion of antiquity, to one little trait in the history of mankind, their minds are held in strict obedience, and are bound and chained by ready-made formulas, which have very often little relation to the actual world. As they enunciate them their conduct proves that they do not believe them. For example, they preach disregard of wealth, and struggle continually to acquire it. They preach charity and love, but they rarely exhibit them in their conduct. They persecute and ma lign their brethren like the most stupid of man kind. At present the whole community is shaken by their quarrels. They denounce am bition, and are the most domineering and ambi tious of men. They tell us to be humble, but set an example of arrogance. Between their doctrines and their conduct there is the most terrible incon sistency. They have few or no honest convictions of their own, and cannot convey honest convic tions to others. The great influence which they still have over the education and morals of the people is the source of that insincerity, which is the plague of modern time. But besides the perpetual conflict between their doctrines and actual practices, the distin- guishing feature of their education, that it refers wholly to the past and disregards the present, suffices to prove their incapacity to teach men how they ought now to act. The people re quire to learn the natural laws on which the preservation of health in a crowded, mercan tile community depends. Will any knowledge of the lives and characters of the scattered and agricultural people of antiquity teach that; Poverty is at present a great evil; the bulk of the people, therefore, require to learn the na- tural laws on which, in the present state of society, the progress of wealth and popula tion depends. To attain these great ends, to which laws are continually directed, it is essential that the teachers of the people study the present as well as the past. And be cause the priesthood are on principle taught to disregard the present, and are mainly instructed in the past, we conclude that they are nol the proper persons to be charged with the education of the community. We make these remarks only in relation to the State employing and paying the clergy as public teachers. With their influence over private life, and any voluntary deference paid to them, we meddle not. We place ourselves in the position of legislaorts ; we look at the clergy as employed by the State to instruct the people in the art of providing for their own and the public welfare ; and for that great and important, and even vital, object, we pronounce them to be completely in- efficient. The Morning Chronicle yesterday advocated the formation of Boards of Health, which, like Mr. EWART'S proposed Minister of Public In struction, is an importation from the Continent. Boards of Health exist in all parts of Germany and in France. Is the health of the people there superior to the health of the people of England? Do they live longer ? Is the rate of mortality less. Are their cities cleaner ?. To all which questions we answer No; and, therefore, we say that this importation is as uncalled for as Mr. EWART'S Minister of Public Instruction. We are not aware that this recommen dation is advocated in the public prints by the Commissioners of Inquig into the Health of Towns, but it proceeds from them. It does not add to the force of the recommen dation, that some of these gentlemen are sus pected of wishing to create a snug place for themselves. Nor is that suspicion weakened by the public knowledge that other gentlemen have succeeded in establishing offices from which they enjoy great advantages, whatever use they may be of to the public. Now that the avenues of com merce are almost blocked up, the professions overstocked, and legitimate enterprise without any adequate scope, it is not perhaps surprising that men of talents and and ambition turn their attention to serving the public. It pays well, and its wages are certain. They find out, by various deductions, that the public has great need of their services, and a variety of recom mendations ensue, against which the Ministers ought to be upon their guard. In fact they are beset with schemes of this description, and the more they yield to them, the more expense they will fasten on the country, and the less popular will they become. Such gentlemen may weaken but cannot strengthen the Governtnent. We beg it may not lye Supposed' that we deny THE SUN, LONDON, ritiDAY, APRIL 9, 1841 I the advantages o f w id e, open , we ll - d ra i ne d streets, and clean, well ventilated apartments, about which we see several of our Contemporaries expatiate with great eloquence, in contrast to the dirty hovels, fetid alleys, and murky closes in which the people now dwell. We are quite as sensible of the benefit of a change from filth to cleanliness as the greatest lover of whitewash, large windows, and free circulation of air, in ex istence. But we doubt whether their recom mendations to establish Boards of Health, and drainage laws are precisely the means to effect the much desired improvement. They cannot be carried into effect without causing consider able expense, which somehciw or other, like all other taxes, will be thrown on the labourer. But the labourers are already steeped to the lips in poverty; and, in our opinion, whatever adds to the public expense, and takes the smallest fraction of the QUEEN'S coin out of the pockets of the labourers, to put it into the pockets of surveyors, commissioners, clerks, &c. &c., increases the evil—namely, the po verty, and with that the dependence and recklessness, of the people, which it is so desir able to cure. The existence of the disease we ad mit equally with our Contemporaries, but we differ from them as to its cause. They think it arises from too few regulations, and they propose to make more. We think it arises from too many; and wish to see them lessened. The evils they complain of prove to us that the Legislative authority, which has long had almost unlimited power, and has not remedied them is not to be trusted ; and we decline, therefore, like our Contemporaries, to ask it continually to extend the sphere of its operations. The French Journals of Wednesday have duly reached us. They publish the news from China which appeared in our columns of yesterday ; but they contain little else of any importance. The same may be said of the Madrid Papers of the 31st ult., which have also reached us. The following was the bulletin of Lord GRAN VILLE'S health, issued on Wednesday : " British Embassy, Wednesday Morning, April 7. " His Excellency has passed a goo d night, and is going on well" The Toulonnaise of the 28th of March says "It is re ported in our city that an important operation has taken place at Oran. It seems that the f ear w ith w hi c h G eneral dace has inspired the Arabs is so great that they had formed a project to get possession of his person ; in order to obtain their object they had laid a snare for General Lamori ciere, who having been warned by his spies did not suffer himself to be taken in it. In order to punish them for their perfidy the brave General laid an ambush, which the Arabs could not avoid, and in consequence of which 800 of them were left on the field of battle. We do not answer for the au thenticity of this intelligence, which, if it is true, will be con firmed by the next mail.:' The Sentinelle de Toulon mentions the same report. On the 26th of February another earthquake threatened Zante with total destruction.—La Gazette de France. M. Faramond, French Consul at Campeachy, who was ap pointed Consul in New Holland, has declined to accept that post. He will return to Campeachy at the end of the month. In consequence of serious differences which had arisen be tween the Roman' Catholic Bishop of Gibraltar and the lay men who were intrusted with the management of the revenues of the church, a law suit has taken place, and M. Hague, the Bishop of Gibraltar, has been condemned by a sentence of the tribunal of Gibraltar to a pretty long imprisonment. A letter which the Univers has received from Constanti nople, dated the 18th of March, says that the situation of Reschid Pacha is more and more precarious. —Le Commerce. BO URSE.--PARIS, WEDNESDAY , APRIL 7. First Highest Lowest Last Price Price. Price. Price French 5 per Cents ll3 30 ... 113 30 ... 113 •.0 ... 118 20 4 per Cents 59 25 ... 99 25 ... 99 25 .., 99 25 3 per Cents 7B 60 78 be ... 78 70 ... 78 70 Sank of trance .. ....... Latlitte Bank I.ooof. Sh lO6O ...1060 ...1060 ...1060 5,000 f. Shares 5150 ...5160 ...5150 ...5155 Belgian Bank 5 per Cents lOl% ... 101% ... 1015% ... 195% 3 per Cents 7l 71 ... 71 ... 71 New Loan lOl% ...... 1 , 1% ... 10i 34 ... 10154 ioanish Active 244 ... 244 ... 244 ... 244 Portuguese 3 per Cents 2014 ... 204 ... 204. 204 Neapolitan lO3 90 ... 103 90 ... /13 90 .. ... 103 90 Roman RAILWAY SHARES, qt. German Versailles,R. B 385 ... 385 ... 985 ... 385 L. 8....... Orleans .. O 483 ... 485 ... 485 ... 485 Montpellier to Cette 250 ... 250 ... 250 ... 250 Strasburg to Bale 226 25 ... 237 50 ... 236 25 ... 236 25 Rouen 455 ... 455 ... 455 ... 455 BELGIAN kUNDS—Baussins, APRIL 7. Actual Debt, 2% per Cent. Rothschild's Loan, 5 per Cent lOO Loan of Thirty Millions, 4 per - Cent VD% 3 per Cent. Thirty.seven (L4O) HO _ % Loan of City, 1832, 4 per Cent. Bl% Society of Commerce, 4Si per Cent 9B Bank of Belgium, 5 per Cent ........... 77% National Society . Exchange on London (short) —Brussels Papers, April 7. AUSTRIAN FUNDS.—Vismia, MARCH 30 Five per Cage. Metalliques ..... ....... ..... 106% FOUL per Cents. ••••••••••••••••••••••••••«•••••• ........... ••• 98% Three per Cents. •••••«•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 78 Bank shares le3o ..-Allgemeine Reliant. April 4. HAMBURG BORSENHALLB, Amu. 6 • Bs. Mon Austrian 5 per Cents. Bank Shares 1635 1639 Ist Se:ios 107% 107% 5i per Cent, Loan ist series, Certificate II t A nc to i r l iap - it: / tus i 05 5 s n p , 101% Russian er Cent. Hop. an d C o . 3d a nd 9th i Series ...... ***** ... 97 . Ditto in Certificate s 9 Ncw 4 per Cent. (1840) — 67 Dutch Actual Debt, 2% pc: • Cent 5O 49% Ditto 5 per Cent Polish Bonds New I icket Anglo-Danish Loan, 3 per Cent. 74% 74)6 Norwegian Loan, 1834, 4 per Cent... — Spanish, New 5 per C ents. ' 163( 16 EXCHANGES ON LONDON. HAMBURG, APRIL 6.-13 634.—Tw0 months, 13 4%. PETERSBURGH, MARCH 23.--Two months, 3936 pence. STOCKHOLM, MARCH 30 .—Seventy-five days, 11. 46. CHRISTIANIA, MARCH : 2 7.—"Three months, 4 61. MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS. CITY, TWELVE O'CLOCK. LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET, APRIL B.—We are with out improvement in the trade demand, and nothing is being done on speculation, consequently the market continues flat, and prices unsettled. -Export buyers are increasing their transactions, and have taken this week 1,600 bales of American, at 7 a Bi, the better qualities being for Russia; American descriptions are on the average / I lower than Friday last, the decline being more apparent on the lower qualities ; other descriptions are very heavy of sale at previous rater. The sales to-day are 2,600 bales of all kinds. LIVERPOOL SHARE MARKET. —The following are the transactions at the Stock Exchange this day :—Edinburgh and Glasgow 344 ; Glasgow, Paisley, and Greenock, 244 ; Grand Junction quarter shares 288 ; New ditto, 244 ; London and Brighton United Company 454; Manches ter, Bolton, and Bury 54 ; Midland Counties 88} ; North Midland 78; North Union 81. MANCHESTER STOCK EXCHANGE, APRIL conse quence of the scarcity of stuck, the business done in our market to-day has been limited, although we continue to have buyers for most kinds of railway stock at advanced prices. Should the India mail, which is due, bring favourable intelli gence from China, our market will undergo a further advance. Liverpool and Manchester Halves, 91i ' • Manchester and Leeds, 6614; London and South W es t ern , 56 a 57 ; ditto Tenths, 18. a 19s. prem ; Manchester and Birmingham, 24i ; South Lan cashire Banks, Si. 6s. 3d. ; Lancaster Canal, 28. • We have received by the Stag frigate Rio Janeiro papers to the 14th February, about fifteen days later than the last arrival, also the Price Current of the above date. MONEY MARKET.—Discounts.—The prevailing rates for approved commercial paper was from 8 to 9 .per cent., and at these rates money was abundant during the first fifteen days; so early as the 4th, the Bank rate was reduced to 8 per cent., ai.d Treasury Bills, to the extent of 400 contos of rcis, were negotiated on the 11th at 7 per cent. and the brokerage. Atter the 11th, however, money was in more demand, and since the arrival of the Penguin packet,with the intelligence that no loan had been made, the demand has increased, and the uncertainty as to whet mea sures will be devised to meet the wants of the country, keeps the market in some degree of feverish excitement. There are those who still think that a loan will be effected, but we must net fail to recollect that the time in which it was sought was most unpropitious, whilst the credit of Brazil in England is not by any means se good as it was up to September, 1839. It appears to us that some of the capi talists of England decline . to grant Brazil a loan unless the Portuguese claim of 483,0001. sterling shall be in cluded in the amount of the loan, or the payment of the same be otherwise provided for. What will, in the inter val, his Excellency the Finance Minister do ? The source from which be bas hitherto derived assistance is thoroughly drained. If we are rightly informed, his Excellency depended upon this loan. His position has now become much more painful and difficult. The amount of the dividends in England is yet unprovided for, though it is possibly understood that this will for the time be advanced by the agents of the Government. The delay which has already occurred has been injurious to our commerce, and his Excellency has a duty to per form in determining upon some course. We think it would be more consistent to make some pecuniary sacri fice than to permit the national credit to be eternally com promised. EXCHANGE.—The rate upon London opened at 31, sad fluctuated between 31 and 30, with one or two excep tions for small sums, until the 21st, and 30} and 31 towards the end of the month. Stocks have fluctuated be tween 74i and 74, the former having been the first price of the month, and 74 to 741 the selling prices to-day. Specie is in brisk demand, both for export and specula tion, and a consequent rise in prices existed since the . 4th instant, FEB. 13. P. S. Exchange EteadY ; modeiate trinsac ions on London at 30. We have received the Journal of A ntwerp _ date. of yesterday's Accounts from St. Petersburgb, of the 25th of April, state that it has been resolved to reduce the army 110,000 men, a measure which will assure a saving of fifteen millions in the treasury. The Emperor with much pain consented to this pressing measure. BOURSE OF AMSTERDAM, APRIL 6.—The National Funds are without anything doing, consequently no variations, but the prices of yesterday - are sustained.' 'Ardoin's re mains at 20 11-16. _ The letters by the overland express from India have been received at the Post.ofce, but too late for the first delivery, consequently they will not be sent out until to morrow. This day being observed as a - strict -holiday in the City; Lloyd's and other public offices are shut, and at the Cof fee houses there is a very thin attendance. We have no account as yet respecting the Piesiesent stearrer. 1 COURSE OF EXCHANGE --(YESTERDAY): Amsterdam .....,C F. 12 7 Gibraltai ... 4B Ditto, at sight ......... 12 4 Leghorn 3O 45 Rotterdam ...... ...2 U. 12 71 Genoa Ahtwerp l2 6i Milan Hamburgh M.B. 13 12k Venice.., .,.. 47 Altona Paris, 3 days' sight ... 25 60 Palermo, par di......, 119 Ditto, 3 months. ....... . 25 80 Lisbon Marseilles Bourdeaux 25 90 Rio Janeiro 27 Frankfort on Maine... 1501 Bahia Petersburgh, 3Us ... 37 Buenos Ayres — Berlin-- ... ............ 7 0 New York, 21 days' sight 46i Vienna, effec. fl. 3M. 10 3 Philadelphia 46 Trieste, ditto Madrid Cadiz Bilboa ... 35 New Doubloons OO 0 Barcelona Seville WOOLWICH, APRIL 8. By private letters received here last night from Malta, it appears Lieut.-Colonel Chesney's company, 4th battalion, with Lieut. Bland, embarked in the Numa transport ship, baring been relieved by Capt. James's company, 4th bat talion, which sailed from the Royal Arsenal here on the 15th of December last. Lieut.-Colonel Chesney's corn. pany has been about thirteen years abroad, havirg em barked for Malta on the sth of February, 1828. Lieut. Buchanan has the command of the company, and Dr. Veching, of the Ordnance department, is the medical officer. A number of invalids have also embarked in the Numa for Chatham, under the charge of Lieut. Brabazon, of the 77th Regiment. There are some of the 47th and 59th Regiments left at Malta, with above fifty women and one hundred children who were left behind the regiments that have gone to India. They are waiting for a passPge in the Sovereign transport ship, and have rations, and are allowed barracks with bedding, furniture, &c., at Rica sole. They are under the charge of Lieut. Peebles, of the 59th Regiment, who returns to England to be depot paymaster. The depot of the 59th Regiment is at present stationed at Templemore, in Ireland. NAVAL INTELLIGENCIL --The Kite steam-vessel, Lieu tenant- Commander G. Snell, recently employed on the West India and Minh American stations, has been con demned as unfit to convey the mails, and has been sent into Antigua to refit, and then sail for England, where she may be expected by the end of the month. t is reported that Mr. Macready has made an offer to rent Drury-lane Theatre for the ensuing season, but such a one as, it is feared, the Committee cannot accept, it being too low even to admit of a hope that the shareholders will obtain a dividend. On Tuesday last died, at the Clifton workhouse, Elizabeth Hill, who attained in October the advanced age of 108 years, making three persons who in the last four years have died in that establishment at the age of 100 and upwards. In the same period four others have died there whose ages have varied from 92 to 96, and Sarah Platt, who is 94 years old, is still living in the house.—Bristol Standard. BOROUGH OF MARYLEBONE.—RUMOURED RESIGNATION OF LORD TEIGNMOUTII.--FOr some days past a rumour bas been in general circulation throughout the borough of Marylebone that it is the intention of Lord Teignmouth, immediately on the re-assembling of Parlia ment, to resign his seat as Member for the borough. In the event of this taking place Mr. Bond Cabbell will be the candidate.—Morning Post. SLEEPING IN CHURCH.—Perhaps the most curious things about St. Phillip's Chapel, Winches ter, are the ancient stall-seats, now affixed to the wall of the ante-chapel. These have their seats so fixed upon hinges that those who sit in them can only main tain their position by balancing themselves with care, and resting their elbows on the seat-arms ; so that if the monks who used them dropped asleep during divine ser vice, the seats came forward and pitched them headlong upon the floor ; nay, if they only dozed and nodded the least in the world, the hard oaken seat clapped against the hard oaken back, and made a noise loud enough to attract the attention of the whole audience. Nothing ever was more cleverly contrived to keep people awake at church. Several meetings have been held in the dif ferent districts of Sir Watkin Williams Wynn's estates, in Wales, to make arrangements for the celebration of the coming of age of the worthy Baronet, in the ensuing month. Lord Ward, after leaving Mivart's Hotel, pro ceeded to Himley Hall, Staffordshire, and has since gone to inspect his recently-purchased estates in Aberdeenshire, formerly in the possession of the Marquis of Huntley. The Lord Mayor has appointed the Bishop of Ripon to preach the Spital sermon on Easter Monday, at Christ Church, and the Rev. Dr. Stabbing to preach the Spital sermon on Tuesday, at Christ Church. THE QUEEN'S GARDEN.—It is not generally known that in the garden attached to Buckingham Palace there is a mound of earth upwards of eighty feet high, the summit of which commands an extensive view of the surround ing district, with the Surrey hills in the distance ; her Ma jesty having expressed a wish to enjoy the view from the top of the hill during the summer, workmen have bees, for the last week, actively employed in forming a gravel walk up the side, and when that is finished a small pavilion is to be erected for the accommodation of the Queen and her Royal Consort on the summit. THE A RMY.-The 14th Light Dragoons, now on the march to Canterbury, will embark for Bombay about the 15th of May. The tenders for shipping will be opened to morrow at the India House. About 500 rank and file from Limerick district are ordered to join their corps on foreign service. The Queen's Bays leave Piershill, Edinburgh, this week, for Sheffield ; and the 29th move shortly from the Castle for Glasgow barracks. The Bays will be replaced by the 4th Dragoon Guards, and the 29th by the 56th Regiment. We much rejoice to find that the staple trade of our city, upon the prosperous state of which so large a portion of our working classes depend, continues to receive the countenance and patronage of the highest per sonages of the Court. Mr. Lillington, of the Clogs, lately forwarded to the Queen Dowager, pursuant to or der, a large parcel of gloves, of various sorts, the mate rial of the whole being of the best description, and the cutting and make generally most excellent. A like order has also been just executed by Mr. Lillington for our most gracious Queen.— Worcestershire Chronicle. Lord Charles Russell, M.P., and Viscount Al ford, M.P., have consented to act as Stewards of the Bedford Races of the present year. SUICIDE.—On Tuesday morning about five o'clock, as a labouring man named Adams, in the employ of Mr. Wise, of Hendon, was proceeding across one of his mas ter's fields, he observed a man suspended by a new rope from a tree ; he cut him down, and conveyed the dead body to an adjacent inn, when a surgeon who had been sent for gave it as his opinion that life had been for many hours extinct; it subsequently turned out that the deceased, who appeared to be about 50 years of age, was a Mr. Leach, who for some time past had resided in Coppice-row, Clerkenwell ; he left his home on Monday morning, and his family heard nothing more of him until made acquainted with the discovery as above de scribed. BANKRUPTS' ESTATES-OFFICIAL ASSIG NEES.—On Monday, the House of Commons ordered to be prepared, a return of the amount of monies in the hands of each of the official assignees of the Court of Bankruptcy, be longing to bankrupts' estates on March 1, 1841 ; also a re turn of the names of any of the official assignees yam have been defaulters, or have absconded with money of bankrupts' estates in their possession, and how much ; also a statement of the amount of security the official assignees give before receiving office. The Marquis and Marchioness of Sligo, accom panied by the Earl of Altamont and the Ladies Brown, are expected to return to this country, from Naples, at the close of this, or early in the onsuing month. The Hon. Colonel .and Lady Louisa Knox return with the Noble Marquis and Mar chioness from Italy. The i\larquis's health is completely re, stored. The Lord Mayor has appointed the Bishop of Ripon to preach the Spital Sermon on Easter Monday, and the Rev. Dr. Stebbing to preach the Spital Sermon on Tuesday, at Christ Church. _ _ On Tuesday the Orwell steamer made one of the most rapid voyages between London and this port she has ever yet accomplished—leaving Londor-bridge et eight o'clock and arriving here at half-past three. Some parts of her passage $i ere performed at the rate of twenty miles an hour I—lpswich Express. The quantity of minerals conveyed along the North Midland Railway is almost outstripping the accom modations of the Company. _ Another railroad (the second) is about to be commenced in the iEland of Cuba. In 1840, 115,20 G persons arrived in the United Sta•es by sea. The average immigration may be stated at 120,000 a-year. • _ An English surveying corps is now exploring the shores of the Dead Sea. It is not unlikely that the Sy rian war will lead to the profitable export of great quan tities of the asphaltum which has given a name to this strange inland sea. FOSSILS.—It is stated that the British Museum will shortly receive a valuable addition in Air. Gilbertson's extensive and curious collection of fossils, now at Preston, in Lancashire, and which has been recently secured to the nation. Applications had bcon made for them both from Paris and Vienna. The Honourable Horace Pitt, and Colonel Mev rick, have left for Suffolk. A man lately died in Kentucky, so tarnaciously tall, that it took two clergymen and a boy to preach his funera sermon. WINDOW DUTIES.—A return recently moved for by Captain Peellell, M.P., is before us, from which it ap pears that the total amount of window duty charged on hospi tals in England during the year 1840 was 1,2211. 7s. 2d. '1 he duty on windows assessedfor the 12 following towns in England (which contr:bute the largest amount) is as follows :—via., Bath, 18,8561. ; Birmingham, 7,905/. ; Brighton, 11,8231. ; Bristol, 12,3461. • Cheltenham, 5,3321. ; Clitt on , 5,3771. ; Leeds, 5,6021. ; Liverpool, 22,551/. ; Manchester, 12,983/. ; Norwich, 4,8701. ; Plymouth, 7, 9 421. ; and York, 4,5031. MUSSELS POISONOUS. Last Wednesday evening Mrs. Sedgwick, of Upper Nile-street, in this borough, ate not more than halt a dczen muscles for sup per, but had scarcely concluded her repast before her throat, face, head, and limbs began to swell in a frightful manner, :which so impeded her breathing that she eat almost suffocated. An emetic being promptly adminis tered, the stomach was soon relieved of its poisonous con tents, and the patient is now in a fair way of recovery._. Sunderland Herald. It is reported that Mr. Macready has made an offer to rent Drury-lane Theatre for the ensuing season, but such a one as, it is feared, the committee cannot ac cept, it being too low even to admit of a hope that the shareholders will obtain a dividend. BRISTOL AND EXETER RAILWAY.—We have been informed, on good authority, that the line from Bristol to Bridgwater will be ready to oxen for traffic on Whit .Monday, 31st May.—Bristol Standard. HURRAH FOR OUR BRITISH TRUE BLUE. A song, with this title, written by a gentleman who chooses to conceal his name, has just been published by D'Almaine and Co., Soho-square. It is after the manner of llibdin, and will be a favourite we doubt not with the admirers of such national airs. The style is free and energetic, and well suited to a tenor Or soprano voice. The accompaniment for the piano is suited to the words, full of spirit, and when well played, pro duces a brilliant effect. The following verse we think will show that the author has no reason to be ashamed of the composition : Now the banner of Britain we'll hail, May it ever for right be unfurl'd, While around it bright honour and justice provail, Revered shall it be through the world. Then if urged on the right to maintain, (Still rememb'ring the deeds of their sires), Jackets blue, red, or green, their renown will sustain, These a spirit heroic inspires. Let us cheer, then, our patriots all ! To their country devotedly true, Should she signal all hands, soon they'll rush to the call, Then hurrah for our British true blue ! THE lONIAN ISLANDS. A Correspondent informs us that the fami lies of Aletaxa Anzolato and Cesare, who distin guished themselves two centuries back in fa vour of the Venetian Government, were re warded by that Government with the title of Count, and with many privileges. At the time the Russians, and again when the French held possession of these islands, this fain ly proved themselves good patriots on all occasions. During the revolt in Greece in the year 1821, part of their property was confiscated by the lonian Go vernment, in consequence of some of the family having raised men and furnished ammunition to aid the revolt, but the lonian Parliament has lately reversed the sentence as regards the title, and passed the following decree :-- UNITED STATES OF THE lONIAN ISLANDS. P. PLTRIZZOPULO. On the part of his Highness the President and the most Excellent the Senators of the United States of the lonian Islands. Having read the petition of the Noble Signor Giorgio Mctaxa Anzolato for himself, brott ers and cousins, from the Island of Cephalonia, dated Ist February inst., with which he submits the documents whereon he founds his claim to the title of " Count." Having seen the original decree, in virtue of which, from the year 1691, the family of the said Counts Metaxa has beer. invested and decorated, in perpetuum, by the Venetian Government with the title of " Count," Considering that the said gentlemen and their families have a just right to that title: With due attention to what is established by the Reso lution dated 3d June, 1840 :_ The Senate Decrees, The Noble Signori D.r Giorgio Battista, D.r Anasta sio and Niccolino Metaxa, sous of Spiridione Anzolato, and the Noble Signori D.r Cay. Marino Giovanni, D.r Rocco, and D.r Costantino Metaxa, sons of Niccolo An zolato, of Cephalonia, are authorised to continue styling themselves " Counts." Such title may also be assumed by the legitimate des cendants of the said Counts Metaxa, in perpetuum, agree ably to the decree that confers it upon them. Given from the Palace of St. Michael and St. George. Corfu, Feb. 10, 1841, By order of the Senate, T. J. GISBORNE, Sec. to the Senate for the Gen. Dep. BANKRUPTCYCOURT.-TIURSDAY, (Before Mr. Commissioner FANE. ) OFFICIAL ASSIGNEES.—The disappearance of Mr. Ab bott continues to keep alive (if possible) a greater degree of excitement in all the Courts here than obtained upon its first announcement to the public. It was well understood, for some days past, that all the other official assignees were preparing a memorial to the Lord Chancellor, pra%ing his Lordship to institute the most stringent inquiry into the state of the whole of their cash balances, from the period of their respective appointments to the present hour—a proceediag which is equally creditable to their judgment and their sense of honesty and honour. It had been ru moured that Mr. Abbott had not given the securities re quired by the Act of Parliament upon his appointment, and that, tao or three years before it took place, he had been in insolvent circumstances; but, upon inquiry at the office of the Chief Registrar, we found that the former part of the rumour was untrue. In the course of this morning a communication was re ceived, by the different official assignees, from the Lord Chancellor, requiring them to furnish an account of the names of their respective securities, their calling, and place of abode. A meeting of Mr. Abbott's creditors has been convened for an early day. In reply to a letter, which appears in our co lumns of yesterday, signed " Churchman," a member of the University writes that such an association does exist, and that Messrs. Kahle, Pusey, Hook, Newman, and Pal mer, are members of its Committee of Management. The Bishop of Calcutta's name appears merely as that of a subscriber. The Oxford rumour respecting Mr. Mait land, we gave as we received it.--Morning Chronicle. The Earl of Darlington, IVI.P , and the Hon. R. H. Clive, M. P., have respectively given the liberal sum of 251. towards defraying the expenses of the building of a new church at Middleton, Chirbury, Salop. We understand that a brother of the poet Cow per, just deceased, has bequeathed the sum of 2,000/., the interest of which is to be applied to the purpose of coun teracting the influence of Romish seminaries in this country. —Brighton Gazette. EMIGRATION TO AMERICA.-Thursday after noon the New York packet ship Quebec, one of the regular liners, left the St. Katharine's Dock with 230 steerage passengers on board, the largest number of emi grants which has yet left the port of London in any sirgle vessel during the present year. The passengers consist principally of little farmers and agriculturists, with their wives and families, from the counties near the metropolis. A great number arc from Sussex, many from Kent, and a few from Surrey and Essex. This fine ship also takes out 30 cabin passengers, a much greater number than usual. It appears that thie uncertainty respecting the fate of the President has induced many respectable merchants, per sons of wealth, and others, to prefer the " liners," and during the last month the New York ships from London and Liverpool have taken out as many cabin passengers as before the introduction of steam navigation across the Atlantic. INTERFERENCE WITH THE MAILS.—Ott Tuesday last, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, in reply to a question by Mr. flume, stated that Government had entered into an arrangement whereby the mails would be carried on six days of the week by railway, and by coach on Sunday. This is obviously a concession to the preposte rous demands of the Agnew Sabbatarians, and is as discre ditable to Mr. Baring as the tampering with the Non- In trusionists is to his colleague the Lord Adv;ocate.—Aber deen licrced.—The following explanation of this business has been handed to us. By the Railway Act recently passed, the Postmaster-General has power to compel the Directors of any railway to carry the mail, but there is nothing said as to the charge which the Company are entitled to make. The Directors of the Scotch railways have shown themselves willing to carry the mail on week days at a moderate expense, looking to the fares of passengers for their chief remuneration ; but on Sundays they decline to carry passengers—and they say to the Postmaster-General, if we are to run a mail train on Sunday, you must pay the whole expense, for we shall carry no passengers. In these circumstances the Post master-General has done what any other man would do— he has declined to pay the whole expense of a mail train, preferring on that day the ordinary coach conveyance to the fir dearer, though quicker, mode of transmission by railways. Scotsman. CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.—The degree in which the colonies produce the staple articles of our home re. o ,. nufactures is always a matter of interesting inquiry. I n this view attention may be usefully directed to private letters recently received from Graham's Town, Cape of Good Hope; by which it appears that th e s h eep f armers of the eastern province of the Cape, 600 miles from Cape Toe n, are making great progress both in the num ber of their flocks, and in the quality of their wool, though they have been much perplexed as to what kind they ought to produce, in consequence of the London mar kets showing a great predilection in favour of common wools. The forward flocks are for the most part Saxon, but many of these are being crossed with the Leicester breed, which, although it seems likely to cause a decline in the qua!ity of the wool, is not regarded as a proceeding likely to be altogether unprofitable. A rapid increase of population appears to be going on in this colony; it is absurd to hear of the quantity of emigrants prcgreising, to South Australia, when they can obtain better land at the Cape, and that for a fifth part of the money. This lowness of price they do not abscribe to any defects in the farms that might be purchased, but simply to the want of capitals, and the many uses to which a sum which would bete be considered moderate may be applied. Gra hattown has risen to the position of a town with 6,900 inhabitants, entirely from their own activity and enter prise ; that they have themselves made what capital there is , and that they have scarcely imported anything, while South Australia owes nearly all to this sourc e. .1-% t Indian Telegraph. EMIGRATION. The emigration seas on has arrived ; but compared with the numbers that flocked in from all directions to the places of shipment last year, The ship one-tenth of them have yet applied fur p assa g e. ship agents attribute the fact to the unsettled state of affairs between England and the Stat es, havin g , earl y i n the year, by agents, ascertained that the demand fur vessels in the spring would be equal to that of any of the preceding seasons. Not one of the numerous emigrant ships chartered for America has y et g one out of harbour. the Pallas, f or N ew Three of them, we underst and, cleared out of the Custom York,llouse I,,sa,hsticehvetnaiknegs, No•;Zu.t, the i7s Governor passengers ; Douglas, for St. John's, New Brunswick, with 158 passengers ; and the Albion, for the same port, with about a similar number. The em igrants are principally decent farmers and their families, with whom are a number of fine able-bodied la bourers.—Cork Reporter. HOP INTELLIGENCE,—.Th e lops are gene rally looking well where they are got above the surface. The stock is stated as having a very healthy and strong ap pearance, and the flea has not done any harm at present. —Maidstone Gazette. C II A IkIPA GN E.—About 4,700,000 English gal lons of genuh e champagne can ho grown in France in the course of the year, but mere t h an ten time,that quantity . annually manufactured and acid as such, P314: 7 ,1 it AN (: EVEN lNGr,_kv,Pl7lll:o LITER' ligitA4 THE FL UC TUATI ON S OF TRADE; or, the Secret ofFereseeing when Prices are going to Rise or Fall, with an E x p os iti on of the Power and Workings of the Bank of England in reference to those important suMects. By H. J. WRIGET, Esq. If this pamphlet completely answered its title page it would be invaluable. The faculty of fore seeing when prices are going to rise or fall, if possessed by a few, would bo to them a mine of wealth. Mr. Wright is of the same opinion, and he discreetly recommends his readers not to use the knowledge he conveys to them with the hope of making inordinate gains, but rather as a means of protecting themselves. He discourages avarice, while he instructs the world how to grow rich. But we are bound to say that Mr. - Wright's lore is of a very limited nature, applied mainly to the effect on prices of changes in the quan tity of the currency, and, in particular, to changes in the currency of the Bank of England. To such causes of a rise or fall in prices, or a scanty or abundant harvest, a new invention or a new market, Mr. Wright does not advert. Of course there is nothing novel in his teaching that the contuction and expansion of the currency will cause a fall or a rise in price, and the only secret worth knowing is when that expansion or con traction is about to take place. We will infbrm Mr. Wright and the public of a short way to get at this great secret. Let him obtain a seat in the Bank Parlour, let him if possible become Go vernor or Deputy-Governor, and he will learn more speedily than by a thousand indications when the currency is going to be expanded or con tracted, and lie might buy or sell accordingly. Here, however, are some of the indications, which are probably made known to the public when the Governor, Deputy-Governor, and Directors have made their bargains : When the Bank of England increases its issuer, it em. ploys some or all of the following means for that purposes it lowers the rate of interest, discounts merchants' bills of exchange more freely, accommodates the public with loans of larger sums of money on the deposit of Exchequer-bills and India bonds, and buys Exchequer-bills, stock, and other securities. The London and country bankers speedily fal low its example. The bill.broker, in like manner, be comes, more liLeral, and the merchant, in his turn, gives more extensive, if not longer, credit ; a spirit of core mer cial confidence is th us diffuse d , the faciliies of obtaining money are increased, private bills of exchange get into more general circulation, more checks arc drawn, rand prices advance. When the Bank of England pursues an opposite course, the withdrawal of a portion of its notes creates a partial void in the London circulation • the country banker's paper flows up to the metropolis to supply its place, where it is presented to the London agent for payment; the country banker's balance de creases in his agents' hands, and he is called on to supply additional funds, or receives a hint to curtail his issues. This reduction of its paper by the Bank of England is usually accompanied by a contraction of its discounts and a raising of the rate of interest : the same thing is done by the bill-brokers and London and country bankers : fewer bills of exchange are now discounted, and those at a higher rate of interest ; the inferior descriptions are rejected ; no overdrawing of accounts is permitted ; money becomes scarce ; goods are forced into the market to enable the holders of them to meet their engagements ; bankruptcies ensue; confidence is shaken; trade is at a stand-still, and that which before had been considered as legitimate trading, is now stigmatized by the appellations of " uvertrading" and "excessive speculation." After an attentive perusal of Mr. Wright's pamphlet, we have not learnt from it the art of foreseeing when prices are to rise or to fall, but our mercantile readers may find out a secret that is hidden from our uninercantile eyes. Mr. Wright, like all other persons who have investi ;ated the matter, does not approve of the con duct of the Bank, as he tells us that the quantity of paper put into circulation is more likely-to decrease than increase. That is bad neyfel, if true, for Bank Stock holders, whose gains arise, in a great measure, from borrowing's sum from the public at no interest which they lend to individuals at a high rate of interest. On their promises to pay on demand, they borrow sixteen or eighteen millions sterling from the public, for which they do nct pay a farthing. in terest. It may even be supposed that the public, by destroying the promises of the Bank, and so releasing the Bank of its obligation, almost pay all the expenses of lending their money to the Bank. By that means the Bank gets rich, and the greater the sum it can borrow by issuing its notes, and the higher the interest it charges to the individuals who borrow its credit, the greater will be its annual gains. By what right the Legislature confers on the few hundred or thousand gentlemen and ladies who own Bank Stock the exclusive privilege of borrowing with out paying any interest, we know not. It is one of those inscrutable mysteries of legislative au thority which we are bound to believe, like all its other decrees, benefits the public, while it enriches the Bank Proprietors. COURT CIRCULAR. WINDSOR, THURSDAY.—The Queen rode out this afternoon in a poney pha3ton, attended by Lady Bar ham, Hon. Misses Pitt and Devercux. His Royal Highness Prince Albert rode out on horseback attended by Colonel Bouveric, the Marquis of Headfort, and Colonel Wemyss. The Royal party took the direction of the Great ['ark. Mr. and the Hon. Mrs. G. E. Anson arrived yes terday at the Castle, on a visit to her Majesty. It is expected that her :Majesty and his Royal High ness Prince Albert, with the Royal suite, will attend Divine service in St. George's Chapel to-morrow. Prince George of Cambridge left town at half-pasi nine o'clock yesterday morning for Dublin. The Duke of Cambridge attended at the Chapel Royal, St. James's, yesterday morning, where the Bishop of London held a confirmation of the juvenile nobility and gentry. MAUNDY THURSDAY.—Yesterday the usual distribu tion of her Majesty's Royal Maundy took place at Whitehall Chapel. There were present 0 .2 aged women and '22 aged men, being the number of years of age of her Majesty. These patties received the Ro3al bounty with great apparent thankfulness ; they were all above the age of 70, and some of them totally blind. At two o'clock the recipients assembled at Whitehall Chapel, and at three the customary procession walked to the chapel, consisting of six children from the na tional schools, who were selected for their good con duct : to these were given the linen cloth which they wore as a scarf, and a small donation of a crown. Four of the children came from the national schools of West minster, and two from the schools in the parish of St. George, Hanover-square. The Rev. Dr. Hodgson, Dean of Carlisle, who officiated as Sub-Almoner, at tended by Joseph Hanby, Esq., Secretary and Yeoman of the Almonry, and other officers of the Lord Cham berlain's i thef n Chapel's department uoyai the i Rev. Dr. S Rev. v .Di. v, v . at Le a i t t h e , v . Sub -Dean J. Hors- Icy Dakins, Rev. Mr. Packrnan, Rev. Clarke Haden, c t o h r e p G s c u a a r r r d y n attended l i d n D t h i s e h i r w s h t i rt e t i c i and others of the clergy. costume, l o 'c n o e m o e f n t h o e . contained the Roy a l a l ms . The distributions were made between each Anthem, the most striking of this who cometh from Edorn,"sa " n 'i g l icblyi i\ w i a e s s, s ‘ r . s. lN'ho is Hawes, J. B. Sale, and other gentlemen of the Royal Chapel. Sir George Smart presided at the organ. The distribution consisted of 11. 15s. to each woman as an equivalent for clothing, and each man received sufficient woollen and linen cloth, shoes and stockings, to make him an entire suit. Both men and women also received 1/. 10s. each as commutation money in stead of provisions formerly distributed in kind, and a further sum of 1/. and !.2 . 2 silver pennies, the latter being persons, who re the number of the also u pvi t a h r e d g ßo o y f a 9 l o Sate Charity of 13s. On Monday and Tu r e s sd o a f y a l g a e s t o f. the he r ß i‘ o l ;a i l e' Minor Alms c w e , e i\ re ed di s st s r . i e b a u c t i e an t d o each, to 168 persons, all above the age of 60 years, e x _ cept in a few cases of a special nature such as -blind ness and great a ffliction. These dist • rthntions svere ma d e by Mr. Hanby , Secretar y and Yeoman of th e Alatonry, under the immediate direction of the Lord High Almoner. on the eTegrola3fonlbdveeirdnsejg ApPROACHING MARRIAGES IN HIGH LIFE. —Saturday, the lith inst., is fixed for the marriage of Sir Walter daisies, Bart., 111. P., and Miss Ellison, daughter of tlr. Cuthbert Ellison, and sister of Mrs. Hedworth Lambton and Lord Monteagle is to be mar esuoleriini of the ensuing week. The mar ried h iue e l,,it l it a ao t i e s ;11 1 0 ; s i f s s c i‘ o v u jia n s re t s( e h, Viscountess it Stormont.i Jocelyn courseotchech.n transpired. Viscountess Palinesreast(lioini Lady Countess of Roden, and L o a n d Earl and Countess ner,b motherut the of fatyh the fail fi n o a t i, c y m e t ; Fanny Cowper are : i i i s i c g o::: a ess o g t i f r l e a b p o l i t , l : y the m. joc interesting eiii, occasion eou ti t t , to and Cowper, Viscount .Melbourne, Earl and rvv ourt, and a large circle of the Members We can positively state the following para graph, Captainht reme far Monaghan. \ f tlTc i l l t ie a s. ppear e d in a Brighton payer, to be without slightest foundation :—" It is reported that the Lon. Henry Cholmondeley, eldest son of Lord Delanu•re, is about to be married to the eldest daughter of Sir Robert Peel." we understand, Mr. Coore, of Scruton Hall, Yorkshire, son of the late Colonel Coore, is about to lead to the hymtnoal altar Miss Milbank, daughter of Mr. and Lad' Augusta Mil bank, and grand-daughter of the Duke of Cle l v i e te lan ap d p . roa lle_ Dowager Lady Colebrooke, widow of the late Baronet, is to be married in the course of the present month to Mr. J. T . Bremridge. The day is not yet fixed for the marriage of mi.. Bustle and Miss Smyth, daughter of Lady Elizabeth Smyth, i u t r o h f o D f u l k .) e or o! e ' t G a r r a , f d tot a h lin moritnui, is and ing gran marriage d-da uugth ttheer of tDukehe confidently spoken of in the higher circles, but not a e►ord is mentioned as to the clay of union. We hear the pr gallant t sN i oles c to o cfl u 'l rrtcasheea 0 f th e present - Walpole o Westenra, widow of the late Hon. Richard Westenra, g third . liminaries Captain is, we believe, ProvoqdaughtersiLaeen iLewis; ; 11‘‘ ji t rr l: :B e . , a v r a c s Earl a l l e r f o e t a f :l y , l i t e i a : sr arranged e n f r g a e e i , n d i 1 , ,; f , • In r i e d to Hiss Pellew, daughter of the lion. Si m r .il r l e e etstN va 'o c' od r- Pellew. _ . _ Viscount Ipswich, eldest son of the Earl of Euston, M.P., and grandson of the Duke of Grafton, wbo ha s recently been appointed attache to the 13ritiiili Letation•at Naples, left town last week for Italy, to assume his diplontiikic duties. '~