The Sun. — London, England, 1870-04-06 00:00:00

IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT. HOUSE OF LORDS. TUESDAY. The LORD CHANCELLOR took his seat on the woolsack at five o'clock. NAVAL RETIREMENT. The Duke of Rtimmosn said that after Easter he should call attention to the order in Council of the 22d of February in the present year, relating to the scheme of naval retirement, and to point out the precise effect the order would have on the naval service. He should con clude by making a motion on the subject. ECCLESIASTICAL TRANSFER BILL. This bill, on the motion of Lord LYTTELTON, was read a second time. The Dublin Collector General of Rates Franchise Bill passed through committee. THE GOVERNMENT OFFICES. Lord REDESDALE then called the attention of theirlord ships to the vacant ground and unfinished buildings in Downing-street, King-street, and Parliament street, which were to be taken for the ex tension of the site of the public offices, and said he should also like to know the terms upon which a house lately erected, fronting St. James's Park, had been allowed to be brought forward beyond the line of frontage. The Msltems of LANSDOWNE stated, with reference to land and building, that it was the intention of Govern ment to push the completion of the buildings on as rapidly as possible, and.it was hoped, with the present year, great progress would be made. The purchase of the houses required as the site of public offices in Parliament-street and King-street had bean arranged, but with respect to the houses built in the park, they had been erected on private property. THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON'S MONUMENT. Earl CARDOGAN moved for copies of any correspondence between the Chief Commissioner of Works and the sur veyor of St. PSul's with reference to the monument to the late Duke of Wellington, and as to payments to the artist selected to execute the work. The Marquis of LANSDOWNE said there would be no ob jection to give the papers reluired, if pressed for. The work was now going on as rapidly as was possible, and there was the fullest expectation that t4e whole would le completed within the l r ;Fent 3 ear. The motion for the production of the papers was then agrexl to. Their lordships adjourned at six o'clock. HOUSE OF COMMONS.—TUESDAY. The Speaker took the chair at tiro o'clock. MONASTIC INSTITUTIONS. Petitions against the appointment of a committee to inquire into these institutions were presented by Mr. Eastwicke, Mr. Pease, Mr. Baines, Mr. Williams, Mr. Synan, Mr. G. Moore, Mr. Maguire, Mr. Bagwell, Sir T. Maley, Sir R. Palmer, and other hon. members. RAILWAY ACCIDENTS. Sir H. IBBETSON gave notice that on the 3rd of May he shall call the attention of the House to the number of railway accidents that have taken place, and conclude with a motion. DISFRANCHISEMENT OF BRIDGWATER AND BEVERLEY. The tLITORNEY-GENERAL gave notice that on Friday he should ask for leave to introduce a bill to disfranchise Bridgwater and Beverley. THE LICENSING , BILL. Sir W. LAWSON said in the event of the Home Secretary not shortly introducing his licensing bill, he should on an early day call the attention of the House to the public injury and inconvenience that has arisen by that delay. STATE OF IRELAND. Mr. G. MOORE gave notice that on the 3rd of May he should call attention to the state of Ireland since and under the union. THIRD READINGS. The Dartmouth Water and the Ituabon Water Bills were read a third time and passed. LOTTERIES. Mr. CHARLEY asked the Secretary of State for the Home Department whether he was aware that the illegal lottery for the Homer Row Poor Schools, which by a letter, dated the 14th February last, he informed the Secretary of the Scottish Reformation' Society that "the Solicitor to the Treasury had been instructed to take steps to prevent," was now publicly announced to take place on Thursday next, the 7th instant ; and whether he was preparel to put the law, thus openly defied, in force against the promoters of the lottery. Mr. BRUCE, in reply, said that these lotteries were in no case overlooked, and where required notice was always given to persons putting them forward of their illegality, but in the present case it "did not appear to differ much from those raffles which - took place for the purpose of building churches. He did not think it would be necessary to take any steps to prevent its being carried out. EDUCATION PETITIONS. Lord ROBERT MONTAGU asked the Chairman of the Committee of public petitions if his attention had been ditected to some petitions . which have been entered as " petitions in favonr of the Elementary Education Bill," but which were in favour of the bill in so far only as it did not interfere with religious education, and which prayed for an extension of the present denominational system : and whether means could not be taken for se curing a more accurate classification of petitions which relate to education. Mr. C. FORSTER said the motion had not escaped his attention, and a classification of the petitions was being made. He would give further information on the subject on Thursday next. THE IRISH LAND BILL. The House then went into committee on this bill. Mr. GLADSTONE said, in the absence of his right hon. friend the Secretary for Ireland, he had to move an amendment to the 3rd clause after the word " compen sation ;" but he proposed to make an alteration in the words proposed to be inserted in order to meet the objections which had been raised last night by his right honourable friend behind him (Sir R. Palmer) who complained that in com pensating the tenant for loss of holding, the extent of that loss must be assumed. The words as they stood in the paper were, "for the loss sustained by him in quitting his bolding;" but he proposed to alter the amendment as followed :—" For the loss which the court should find nad been sustained by him in quitting his holding." That alteration would chew that the loss claimed had been the subject of judicial inquiry, and if hom members would refer to Clause 12, they would see that the tenant was required to state the particulars of his claim, and from this it would clearly appear that the amount claimed for loss must be shewn and not assumed. Mr. CHAPLIN complained of certain observations made by the right hon. gentleman last night towards the close of the debate, to the effect that the landlords had not endeavoured to learn anything relative to the require ments of the tenants. He protested against such charges being made. Mr. GLADSTONE said he believed the words he made use of were, "no adequate endeavour," but if he had made use of the words as quoted by the hon.,gentlemen be very_ much regretted it. Mr. CHAPLIN replied that he had taken down the worts and he must protest against such charges being made against the landlords as he knew that, speak ing generally, it was their with to do the best in their power for their tenants. He was scarcely prepared for the change that had .been made in that amendment by the right hon. gentleman, but still he was of opinion that there was still a great omission in the bill, as it did not state what was the nature of the loss for which the tenant was to be compen sated. Compensation for improvement was clear enough, but with respect to the other, it ought to be made quite apparent, whether the compensation was to be for loss Ai labour or loss of capital. Mr. WALTER objected to the alteration without some !qualification which had not yet been offered, He frankly admitted that the introductory words were an improve ment, but it appeared t 6 him that the amendments of the Government were all advances on the original demand. He objected particularly to the sliding scale of compensa tion as too large, and without it was intended that some steps were to be taken to reduce the scale from seven years to five, he could not vote for the amendment. One of the great causes of the present state of Ireland was the tenacity with which the people clung to the potate as the chief and principal means of sustenance ; and it was greatly to be desired that the clinging to the land by the small farmers for the miserable sustenance that they got out of it should give place to a desire to seek a better and more remunerative return. He thought the bill would help on emigration to a gieat ex tent, and that he looked upon as one o y its hstil REst, Y3§io44. _ tL_ Mr. GLADSTONE pointed out that the present amend went ruled nothing whatever with respect to the scale. The committee on the previous night voted substantially that loss through eviction was to be taken into account. The measure to be taken into account would be con sidered when the committee came to the scale. Lord JOHN MANNERS said it was utterly impossible foi the committee to consider the amendment proposed by Her Majesty's Government unless they had due notice As the bill proceeded they found amendments proposed by the Government which would have the effect of per petuating and stereotyping the worst evils in the relation ship of landlord and tenant in Ireland. Mr. BERNAL OSBORNE called attention to the circum stance that in 20 years there had been 30 land bills introduced, and only three had passed. The only land bill which would be acceptable in Ireland, was one which in the first place comprised security of tenure, and in the next place restrictions on arbitrary evictions. He argued that the right of occupation, although grudgingly acknowledged by the landlord, was practically acted upon. The present bill, or one like it, embodying this particular clause, was not only a necessity for Ire land, but unavoidable. In the bill of 1852, which had the names of three great Conservative statesmen at the back, Sir Joseph Napier, Mr. Whiteside, and Lord Mayo, there was a retrospective clause, giving compensation for2s year's back. That principle was sanctioned not only by the Government of that day, but by three successive Ministries, and by great majorities in the House of Com mons. It was, however, quietly put to sleep in the House of Lords. He disagreed with the member for Lincoln shire "(Mr. Chaplin) that they wanted more English institutions in Ireland. He thought the Irish customs were excellent for their purpose ; the only thing he wished was for English money. If they wanted to legislate foi Ireland they must know the circumstances of the country and they must protect the small holder. He held that Ireland was a country for small, and not large, tenancies. Dr. BALL said the alteration which had been made in the amendment by the Prime Minister met one serious objection which was made to the amendment as it origin ally stood, but it did not meet the objection founded upon principle. The words as they then stood in the clause were " Having regard to improvements other than perma nent, and to the loss sustained by a tenant on quitting his holding." In these words the Government did not ostentatiously put forward a new principle in regard to landlord and tenant. Ho condemned the doctrine that a tenant should be taught to regard occupancy as pro perty. This principle was dangerous to the measure and dangerous in the feelings which it would excite elsewhere. The principle was a direct declaration of hostility to the report of a committee, on which Lord Grey had sat, two of the present Cabinet Ministers, and two ex-Lord Chan cellors. Mr. GREGORY declared that the real cause of discontent in connection with agriculture in Ireland was the tyranny exercised under notices to quit ; and one of the advan tages of the clause would be to remove this source of evil as much as possible. He believed the clause was the cardinal and first point of the bill. After some remarks from Mr. CORRANCE, Mr. DELAHUNTY reminded the committee that unless the bill were framed so as to give satisfaction to the Irish tenantry, it would only serve to aggravate the evils of which they complained. He had had great experience of the management of property, and he assured the commit tee that whenever he could get a tenant at a fair rent he let him have the farm for a long period very readily because it tended to the improvement of the farm. In order to make Ireland prosperous, there must be equal laws in all respects. Trade and manufactures had been stamped out, and there was only the land to fall back upon. All parties were struggling for its possession; and it appeared that the House was legislating for a scramble for the land. If they continued to legislate for Ire land as other than an integral part of Great Britain, she would separate. He was desirous of a permanent union instead of a false and disastrous one. He thought it must be a "blessed union" that had tended so much to decrease the population. The graziers and farmers did not exceed the shoemakers. (Great laughter.) His belief was that the "manufacture question" would come on eventually. Ireland could be ruled by a silken thread, but no amount of coercion or injustice would prevent the people breaking their bonds when they could. (The hon. gentleman's speech was very amusing in some passages, and created roars of laughter.) Mr. C. FORTESCUE congratulated the hon. and learned member for the University of Dublin on the moderation and candour with which he had criticised the proposals of the Government, and then defended the opinions of his right hon. friend from the attacks that had been made on them. The Government contended, as they had always contended, that in the . present state of Ireland, to attempt to meet the difficulty by a mere system of compensation for improvement would not meet the case. They had to deal with a bad system and the best mode of, in some degree, ,meeting it was by the proposals made in the bill. They were not ashamed of the proposition of compensa tion .for loss of occupancy. They never disguised that part of the. bill, and he confidently recommended the clause in its present form. There is no priiitiple involved now which was not discussed last night, and he did hope the House would now come to a division on theproposition before it. Mr. HENLEY complained that the Government had not put into the bill that which they really meant, but had come down to the House with words which they had inserted in the clause without the slightest notice. He believed that the bill would not come up to the expecta tions of its proposers. Sir G. COLTHURST said the Government had introduced two amendments in the bill, which had altogether altered its character. The separation of compensation for occu pancy and compensation for improvement, and the omis sion of clause 16, made a most material change in the provisions of the bill. The omitting of the 16th clause took away every privilege that the landlord had, and by the amendments they were making to the third clause they were inflicting pains and penalties on him for doing that which he liked with his own. He should vote against the proposed amendment. Colonel BARTELLOTT thought it was the duty of the Go vernment to substantiate the grounds on which their last propositions had been brought forward which they had not yet done. He believed that the real effect of that provision of the bill would be to induce men with money and capital to get rid of their tenants, and those who could not do that would remain a burden on the land. He was one who wished to do all he possibly could for the benefit of Ireland, but he thought that the taking the power out of the hands of the landlord and putting such an instrument as was described in this bill into the hands of the tenant would be to do a great and irretrievabl. mischief. Mr. SAMUELSON was of opinion that, although the bill was not calculated to secure the approbation and approVal of the Cork Farmers' Club, it would be received with gratitude by the great majority of the Irish people. He should give the Government his warmest suppOrt in their endeavours to make the bill as perfect as possible, and therefore he should vote for the amendment pro• posed by the right hon. gentleman at the head of the Government. Mr. GLADSTONE in the course of his reply said he objected to the consolidation of estates in Ireland. There was a population on the land, and the right of that population to a subsistence whdre they were willing to discharge their duties in labouring for it, ought to have equitable consideration. The point of loss had been explained, but it could not have been better explained than it was by the member for Carlow. The loss of improvements was something, the loss of future prospects was great, but the greatest loss of all was the loss of daily bread. Mr. HARDY admitted with the right hon. gentleman at the head of her Majesty's Government the right of the people to life and subsistence, but that provision was not fixed upon the landlord as regarded his tenant, but upon the State. According to the principle as laid down by the Prime Minister the obligation was imposed upon the landlord to provide for another man's daily bread. Mr, Moore and Sir G. Jenkinson having addressed the committee very briefly, Mr. GLAUST . ONE, in reply to the remarks of Mr. Hardy said that his argument was entirely to this point, that there was a loss independent and beyond the profits of occupation as they were understood commonly in this country, and that loss in Ireland, and under the peculiar circumstances of Ireland was the loss of livelihood. As to- the liability of the landlord to find a livelihood for thetenant he never said one word. Colonel STUART KNox thought this was the very worst clause in the bill, and he hoped that the committee would not sanction it. The committee then divided -on the question whethe2 the words to be inserted should stand part of the bill. 149_1911111.1/6147.-43V, ; 34908 THE SUN, LONDON, 'WEDNESDAY EVENING, APRIL (3, 1870. Mr. ComuNcE proposed to insert after " compensa tion. " "to be paid by the landlord for any loss sustained by him on quitting his holding, and for im provements made by him or his predecessor in title, as the Court may think fit, so that the sum awarded shall not exceed five years' rent, or extend to any holding valued under the acts relating to the valuation of rateable pro perty in Ireland at an annual value exceeding fifteen pounds." The necessity of a Land Bill had been generally recognised, and he thought his amendment provided ample compensation. Mr. C. FORTESCUE said the amendment raised certain important points, which would come on in due course. He did not think, therefore, that the present was the best opportunity to consider the matter ; and as in a short time they would come to consider the scale of compen sation, he hoped the hon. gentleman would not press his amendment. Mr. BRUEN' approved of the amendment and therefore he should give it his support. Mr. SYNAN opposed the amendment as it went to sweep away the small holders altogether. If there was any. thing that could make the bill unpopular in Ireland, and altogether defeat the object of the Government, it would be the agreeing to such an amendment as that now submitted to the House. After a few words from Mr. Dent and other members, the amendment was withdrawn. Sir G. JENKINSON moved that the chairman report progress. Mr. GLADSTONE hoped the hon. baronet would * not press his motion, as it would be inconvenient to leave off at the present point. Sir G. JENKINSON refused to withdraw his motion. Mr. GLADSTONE regretted that the right hon. baronet refused to accede his suggestion; he therefore should oppose the motion. Sir G. JENSINSON objected to the Prime Minister exercising his great power of stifling private members. He hated and detested the bill, and as he had not yet spoken upon it he felt he had a right to do so at the next sitting. The motion for reporting progress was ultimately with drawn, and another amendment—that proposed by Mr. Bowring—was agreed to. The subject to be taken into consideration by the coin- Aittee on Thursday will be the scale of compensation for disturbance of holding. The sitting was then suspended until nine o'clock. Mr. P. TAYLOR moved for leave to bring in a bill to restore "the ancient constitutional practice" of paying members of Parliament. He supported his proposition by reference to ancient precedents in our own history, and to the universal custom of all other constitutional countries. Leaving it to the Committee on the bill the amount of n muneration, which he proposed to take from the Consolidated Fund, he indicated his own preference for a sum which would tempt men of education and culture, say £5OO a year, to a poor one £l5O as mere subsistence money. Mr. GLADSTONE, without receding from his oft-expressed desire to see the less opulent classes more numerously represented in the House, was of opinion, looking to the merits of the question and the circumstances of the times, that it was undesirable to entertain the question now. On a division, the House refused leave to bring in the bill by 211 to 24. Mr. Alderman LAWRENCE brought on his annual motion condemning the House Tax as unequally assessed.• Mr. STAYSPIELD, who replied for the Government, ad mitted that there might be an amendment in this respect in the mode of assessment, but he could not hold out any chance of its repeal. Alderman LAWRENCE did not press his motion to a division. The House adjourned shortly before 1 o'clock. SALMON FISHERIES. HOUSE OF COMMONS, TUESDAY. The Select Committee upon the Salmon Fisheries resumed its sittings this morning. Mr. Dodd, in the chair. The first witness "was Mr: Frederick Bateman, civil engineer. He was examined at some length, with respect to the proper mode of procuring a sufficient supply of water for the various mills on the rivers, and said that the effect of the notch in, the weir which constituted a ish pass, would always sensibly affect any mill race. Of course, in many large rivers, it would not be felt at all, but looking to the spawning grounds of the small tributaries to which the salmon resort it would not do to allow such a notch to remain open long, except in time of flood. Water flowing over weirs was often required for special purposes, and the notch must be closed when the miller could get no more water than he required, when he had the whole force of the stream to drive his machinery. He considered that the objections entertained by some millowners to have notches made in their mill-dam was a well-founded one, and ought to be considered. Of course in many cases where it would be very . advantageous to the fishery the rights of the millers might be bought up, and they would have no reason to complain, seeing it was for the publir good. Mr. Samuel Robinson, civil engineer, gave it as his opinion that the making of weirs throughout the country in such a condition that there should be fish passes either by notches and ladders in the weirs themselves or by a passage round the weir, was a mere question of money, and that it was quite possible to effect that object without in any . degree injuring the mill_owners. He was of opinion that if proper means were adopted there would be no difficulty in improving our salmon fishery, to as great an extent as the Irish fishery had been. Mr. Gray, an hydraulic engineer, gave similar evidence, After which the committeee adjourned. . THE ABOLITION OF COMPULSORY PILOTAGE BILL. HOUSE OF COMMONS, TUESDAY. The Select Committee of the House of Commons sat to-day to inquire into the expediency of abolishing com pulsory pilotage, Mr. Shaw Lefevre in the chair. Mr. Ogram, superintendent of the Gloucester and Berkeley Canal, gave evidence with reference to the pilot age of the Bristol Channel. He said till 1861 the pilots of the Channel for Cardiff, Newport, and Gloucester were under the control of the Corporation of Bristol. On representations being made of the high rates and injurious effect of this privilege, it was abolished, and a non-compulsory pilotage system , was introduced. The rates of pilotage had been reduced 33 per cent.. and he believed the change was considered advantageous by the authorities of Cardiff and Newport. The average earnings of pilots for 1869 of the Gloucester pilots, who found their own boats, was £245. The pilots bought their boats at a cost of between £2OO and £250, and a man and a boy, or two men, had to man it, in addition to the pilot, the earnings to be divided. The twenty-one licensed pilots had eight apprentices and eighteen boats ; and these had been found sufficient by the Pilotage Board of Gloucester. Witness believed the returns of the pilots to be correct, though they had not a good way of controlling them. A false return would be a serious thing to a Gloucester pilot. The apprentices served five years, and had to be two years at sea before they could be be licensed as pilots. By the Chairman : He was not aware if two ships came into collision, the one with a compulsory pilot on board exempted the shipowner from liability, whereas the other, with a non-compulsory pilot, made the shipowner respon sible. The Chairman : But it is so ? Witness continued : They never had any difficulty in filling up vacancies , among the pilots at Gloucester ; and they never had had any complaints from the shipowners. Sir Henry Arrow, deputy master at the Trinity House, said that the Trinity House up to 1862 had been in favour of compulsory pilotage ; but as they held a position be tween the pilot and the public, they had not given their opinion since. Speaking for him self he was in favour 'of non-compulsory pi lotage : he believed that ' the same number of pilots would be employed, the shipowners being moved by the instinct of self-preservation to employ them under a voluntary system. He thongnt it was wrong to give a pilot command of a vessel, and make him liable for damage done. He considered the position of the pilot would be to give advice as to the dangerous places of navi gation, leaving the captain to manoeuvre and retain the command of the ship. The committee then adjoined, THE MILITARY _DEBATE IN BAVARIA.—The Augsburg Gazette contains an account of the discussion. which took in the sitting of the Bavarian Chamber, on the 30th and 31st of March, and which is likely to have important consequences. The Minister of War, Herr von Prankh, had introduced a war budget, which the preliminary commission were anxious to reduce. When the matter came on for debate in the Chamber, Herr von Prankh warmly_opposed the recommendations of the com mittee, and declared they would entail a complete change of the whole military system. "The question," he said, is whether or no we can change the existing system ; and if so, what can we put in its place ? • As the Foreign Minister has justly said we cannot infringe the faith of treaties without com promising our independence. If we are to folloiv the policy indicated by the Minister, we must do it with good will, but we must have the power to do it, and this power depends entirely on a good army." In conclusion, Herr von Prankh declared that the recommendations of the committee would entail a disorganisation of the army of which he, as War Minister, would not accept the Neverthe less,responsibility. after the clauses of the measure had been fully die-' cussed, the Chamber voted the whole of the reduc tions,whether for men or material, for the force for active service or for the Landwehr in spite of the reiterated remonstrances of the Ministers. The Budget, as amended, was then voted by a larse majority. It is• thought probable that this decision will entail the resig nation of . the War Minister, and it has created the, greatest egAtignent throughoot§cuthern Germ_ any and rositik: • ....._.. THE AMERICAN PRESS. (From the Notion.) FITZ JOHN PORTER'S CASE. An old controversy has been revived in a new form by the attempt of Fitz Johu Porter to be re lieved from the disabilities imposed on him by sentence of a general court-I:nada'. People re gard the effort with various degrces of fa' our, ac cording to their old impressions, if these have not been changed by new political bias. In a day of amnesty and conciliation, an l of hushing up of past discordanccs, it appears to be thought by some that it is not worth while to withhold pardon from one offender among many. It is argued, again, that Porter's offence was rank only to the sense of those who opposed the administration of M'Clellan; that politcal hostility discovered in Porter's con duct a baseness not to be found in it by the im partial. The disgrace of Porter, it is claimed, was a thing procured by the Government for effect, as well as for a sop to Pope, whom the Government had hoped might supersede M'Clellan, but who had to be relieved from command, so loud was the clamour against him. On the other hand, there are plenty of people, like the author of the pamphlet named below,* who assert angrily that Pope's was in plan a very fine campaign, wholly marred in execution by Porter who, stirred up by hatred for Pope and friendship for M'Clellan, committed open treason on the field. it is asserted that the court-martial on Porter would have sentenced him to death had it not been for an intimation they somehow received that President Lincoln would not approve. It seems to us that the reader's opinion of Fitz John Porter's guilt depends on the feelings with which he reads the report of Pope or the report of M 4 Clellan. It is M'Clellan versus Pope, an old controversy, as we said, and it cannot be expected that, from either side, the case of Porter should be presented sslely on its own merits. Naturally, it is put in a light reflected from parti sanship. On one side his conduct is condemned, and on the other, excused, on the supposed condition of his mind while under Pope's command. Porter should, undoubtedly, now be judged wholly on his military record. But even in those who look at his conduct from a military point of view there is a great confusion of what he did with what influ enced him. It is useless to bring into the discus sion of Porter's guilt or innocence all the opera tions of Pope's campaign. Much that is hotly dis puted has nothing to do with the matter. Pope's plan of campaign may have been brilliant; Porter may have been bitterly hostile to Pope ; a great force of the enemy may, or may not, have been in Porter's front when. he withdrew his troops—all this but needlessly burdens the simple questions— Did he wilfully disobey the orders of his superior officer? did he shamefully cast aside his duty as a soldier, and permit comrades in arms to struggle in a doubtful battle while he looked on and took no part in it, though positively ordered to attack the enemy ? It may be that Porter had it in his Lead not to support Pope, but to ruin his campaign if he could ; but there is nothing to prove it. There is ample evidence of the position of Pope's and the enemy's forces,.and of Porter's orders for the part he was to play ; and this proof ought to be ex amined if a just verdict is to be given. The time and the general features of the field are well known and do not need to be recounted. It is enough for our purposes to remember that Stonewall Jackson, with a large force, had recklessly thrown himself in Pope's rear by a flank movement through Thoroug hfare Gap, while Pope held the country further south towards the Rapp thannock. Learning of this movement of Jackson, and knowing him to be isolated from Lee's main army, Pope attempted to destroy his detachment before any aid could reach him. Fitz John Porter,in command of the sth corps of 111. 1 C'ellau's army, had reinforced Pope, and it is not disputed that he was subject to Pope's orders. About d irk of the 27th of Angus', 1862, Pope sent ihatructioas to Yoder, who was at Warrenton Junction, to mos e his corps forward at one o'clock in the night towards Bristow Station, on the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, which point he was di rected to gain by daylight of the 28th. Porter did not obey this order, did not march in the night, and did not reach Bristow Station until several hours after the time set for his arrival there. Later in the day he was ordered to move to Manassas Junc tion without delay ; and he did not obey this order. His command lay id camp at Bristow Station all that. night. Soon after five o'clock in the morning of the 29th inst. he received orders to move upon CentreviLe at the first dawn of day. The order added : 4' It is very impOrtant that you should be here at a very early hour in the morning ; a severe engagement is likely to take place, and your pre- Fence is necessary." This despatch found Porter still at Bristow Station. When he had gained Mau :,ssss Junction he was instructed to turn towards Gainesville. Moving on in pursuance of this order he came in sight and sound of a heavy engagement between some of Pope's forces and Stonewall Jack son's command. Ile went quite near to the battle field with his corps, but did not allow his men to engage the enemy. On the contrary, after a short ha't, he began to retrace his steps towards Man assas. At 4.30 p.m. an order was sent to him : " Push forward in•o action at once on the en:any's flank, and, if posible, on his rear." Ile did not obey this order, and did not attack or move upon the enemy that afternoon or night. There is much more in evidence to mark the spirit of insubordination that seemed to govern Por ter ' • but it is enough that these facts were established before the court-martial by which he was tried and sentenced. It was for the court to consider what motive he had in his flagrant dis obedience of orders. and, perhaps, thus to estimate the gravity of his offence. Whatever influence they may have thought at . work with him, and however tine it may be that they wished to condemn him to death, it seems to us fair that Porter's appeal should now be considered as if the sentence passed on him ha 1 been the heaviest that could be imposed. Ile has the right .to assume everything in his favour that the sentence of the court implies. But as a servant of the Government, charged with an im portant command; we have seen how he kept his trust. It has been proved that when he had positive orders, and no discretion, he disobeyed his superior officer in the-face of the enemy; de'ayed his march on trivial pretexts, and showed neither zeal nor willingness to keep pace with the army of which his corps was a part. When a sanguinary battle was raging immediately in front, he drew back from it without orders, lending no aid to his hard pressed fellow-soldiers on • the field. And further, wheh positively ordered to attack the enemy at once, he failed to do, so, and made no movement for than The consequences of these acts it is not necessary to trace or estitnate. They are in them selves an overwhelming condemnation. No military tribUn'sl could pass them by ; all soldiers, sitting on a court or not, must pronounce them worthy of prompt and heavy punishment. By a new and thorough examination of the testimony, we are led to the conviction that Porter shamefully and dis honorably violated his trust, and we hope that he will not be reinstated in the army, that his disabilities will not be removed, and that he will not_ be recognised as a person having any claim whatever to. the clemency of the Government. "General Pope's Virginia Campaign of 1862. By Lewis EsteMills." Cincinnati: Robert Clarke and. Co. 1870. RAILWAY NEWS.—A Boston despatch says Morri son and Co., contractors, have attached the Hartford and Erie Railroad for $1,500,000 for v , ork done, and this has caused the stock to fall to 61-.- , -The New York Central has been assessed at $1,152,000, the revenue owing on their scrip dividend of last year. -In the House the bill to establish a military railroad between New York and Washington was discussed.—The correspoLdence of Minister Washburne has been called for in the House relative to the float ing of the El Paso Railway bonds in Paris. - General Fremont is pushing the work on the Memphis and El Paso Railroad, between Little Rock and White River, vigorously since his return from France, and is said to have secured sufficient means in his mission abroad to corn pl to the road into Texas.—The contract for grading forty-one miles of the Kansas Pacific Railroad from Denver was closed on. Friday, March 4. A large quantity of ties for this road are now being cut at the mouth of the Platte Canon. They will be floated down the Platte to Denver, and the work of laying the iron will bo com menced at this end as soon as the Denver- Pacific track is completed. It is expected the Denver-Pacific track will be completed in June, and the Kansas-Pacific in October. CIGAR-MAKING MACHINE.—The scientific Ame rican illustrates and describes a new machine, which it says is-destined to revolutionise the business of cigar-making. fly its aid a girl can easily make 1,500 cigars per day. It consists, briefly, of two pairs of concave rollers, one of which pairs is in the upper part of the case, and the other in the lower part; these two parts closing together by a hinge. Ily the act of closing, the two pairs of rollers are geared together ; and as the members of each pair revolve in opposite directions, a roll of tobacco, placed between, -is equally compressed on all sides towards the centre. Tho mouth end of the cigar is shaped by a "header," or coni cal recess, into which it is gently pushed by a spiral spring during the revolution. The apparatus may be run by steam, or by a treadle like that of a owing machine. RESIGNATION OF CONGRESSIONAL REPRESENTATIVES. There was a debate in Congress, on the 7th ult., on the question whether a Representative can resign through the Governor of his State. Mr. Bingham called atteudon to the extraordinary fact that a State Government assumed to force on the House a member whose seat bad been vacated by his own act, referring to the case of Mr. Golladay, who sent in his resignation to Governor Stevenson of Kentucky, which was refused, on the ground that the Representative owed it to himself, his constituents, and the Sate, to demand investiga tion of the charges affecting his own honour and the fame of the Commonwealth. Mr. Trumbull saw no such spirit of dictation in the Governor's telegram, and Mr. Beck explained that the Gover nor acted on the assumption tha,`,Mr. Golladay had not tendered his resignation to the House, but had asked him to receive it, which he very properly declined to do. The question to General Butler was, whether the Executive of a State had any con trol, mediate or intermediate, over members of the House, which he could not entertain. The Gover nor of a State was notified of the resignation of a member for no other reason than that he should take notice of the vacancy and issue a writ for a new election. That was all the business he had in the matter. Mr. Banks concurred in that view, adding that it might be competent for the House to permit Mr. Golladay to withdraw his resigna tion ; but the Governor had no more control over a member than the Secretary of the Commonwealth had over the Sheriff of a county. No power existed of creating a vacancy in the House, except in the House, where it was absolute, and no man could separate himself born membership except by the expressed or implied assent of the House. Mr. Dawes coincided in these views, and he thought the question so important that it should be referred to the Judiciary Committee. Mr. Schenck held that the Governor had nothing to do with the matter, being the instrument of the law of a State, to issue a writ of election, which he would at once do if the House informed him there was a vacancy in the Tiiird Congressional District. The Speaker also regarded Mr. Golladay as then no more a member than any stranger in the gallery. The House de cided that the Governor's assent is not necessary to a resignation, but the other question remains whether a member can resign through the Governor of his State, in spite of Congress. Speaker Blaine ruled in the Whittemore case that a member can so resign, and if that precedent stands, any Represen tative about to be expelled for misconduct can escape the punishment if the Governor will accept his resignation. I.f expelled, he could not be re elected; while in the Whittemore case, and per hapsinthatof others,there is a chance of their being sent back by their constituents to Congress. Still another point has arisen from the imbroglio. Mr. Golladay, as customary, forwarded his application to the Executive of his State, merely info' ming the Speaker of the fact by letter. As Governor Stevenson stopped the resignation it never reached the House, and it is on this that the members from Kentucky ground their arguments in defence of Governor Stevenson's action ; maintaining that Golladay was still a member, and that the House should proceed with the case. The motio i was made by Mr. Stokes to permit the withdrawal of the com 'enunication to the Speaker, when there could be no question of the right of the member to his seat in the House. The Speaker had the communications he received , from Mr. Golladay and the Governor of Kentucky read, and, after the debate, the ques tion was put Whether the House would entertain the resolution as one of privilege, and it was de cided in the negative without a division. Finally, on the motion of Mr. Davis, the following resolu tion was adopted :-- '• Whereas, it is of grave importance to the Constitution of this House that it should be determined whether a member present during the session may resign his seat without the consent of the House, and thereby evade his duties and responsibilities, therefore be it " Resolved, That the Judiciary Committee he instructed to inquire and report to the House what actien, or rule, should be taken or established for the determination of that question." lc is certainly nece3sary that such a question should be settled. and, ho hoped, favourable action on the treaties. A spe cial meeting of the committee was called fcr the follow ing Friday to consider the suggestions, and General Bad cock and Admiral Porter were summoned to give evi detrze. hile talking of the President, wo may state that when walking on the 10th inst. on Pennsylvania Avenue with his son, he was met by a man named Terrence Cas sidy, who abused him roundly, and threatened to kill him. Oa investigation the man was pronounced to be insane, and was sent to the Government Asylum. He had often attempted to make hie way into the White House, and been repulsed on account of his strange conduct. General Adam Badeau evidently likes London, for if report be trop, he has refused the appointment of Minister to the United Mission of Ecuador, Uruguay, and Paraguay, for the Consul-Generalship at London. The Hon. Freeman Morse is, we regret to hear, likely to retire from the post he so long held, and it was said in Washing ton that the Assistant-Se cretary of the British Legation, who is now in Washington, prefers that post even to the more dignified one of Minister to the Republics in South America, which Congress proposes to unite for diplomatic purpdses in connection with the United States. General F. Seward, Consul-General to Shanghai, has been ordered from Washington to his post, after a long visit, during which he was engaged in the very natural effort to get his salary increased $2,500, and a gaol and a consular court house built for him in Shanghai. Mr. G. Overbeck, the Austtian Consul-General at Hongkong, is at Washington, where he is about to marry Miss Romain Goddard, step daughter to Admiral Dahlgren. The following nomina tions have been sent to the Senate:—Thomas D. Hamil ton, of Mississippi, United States Consul at Rio Grande, Bra7il; John L. Stevens, of Maine, Minister Resident at Uruguay. Mr. George 11. Butler goes to Egypt as Consul General, instead of to Calcutta, to which post he had been confirmed. The old side-wheel steamer Fulton is being dis mantled at the Morgan Ironworks. This - well-known vessel was built by Smith and Dimon in 1855 for the Now York and Havre Steamship Company, being 2,016 tons and 620-horse power. Her sister vessel, the Arago, has been sold to the Peruvian Government. Another vessel, the Guiding Star, of 2,600 tons, is also there being dis mantled, and others are to follow. The President is much interested in the revival of the American ocean-carrying trade, and in a recent conversation with a Congressman he intimated that he might send in a special message about the mercantile marine, as promised in his . Annual Massage. The home. Journal gives an excellent account of the golden wedding of the Railway King, Daniel Drew, who married Miss Roxanna Mead, on the 4th March, 1820. At this wedding party there was Mr. Drew's brother Thomas, with his wife (a sister of Mrs. Daniel Drew), who had celebrated their golden wedding two years before. It is also remarkable that there were 200 kinsmen of the Drews present, for the family is old, and has had a luxuriant root. Mr. James Fisk and Mr. Jay Gould, as belonging to the fraternity of railway kings, made up for their absence by magnificent bouquets. Most of the presents were of gold, as appropriate for the occasion, and some of them were of unusual richness. Commodore Vanderbilt is not mentioned among the guests, as per haps the fresh honours of matrimony, which still hang around him, might have contrasted unfavourably with the half-century of his old railway rival. Quesada, the Cuban General, had an interview with the President on the 9th ult., and afterwards called on Secretary Fish. He has published a report of the ope rations in Cuba, for the information of the New York Junta. He details the.disheartening difficulties and insu bordination he experienced on first landing in December, 1868, the equipment of his force, and the plan of opera tions agreed upon. After desultory engagements efforts were made to unite, and he goes on with his description until he arrives at the glorious day of Las Tunas, of which, however, he gives no details. Finally, Quesada called a meeting of the Chiefs, and communicated his intention to leave the island, which, after some demur, was approved, the command being . transferred to General Thomas J. Jordan. The insurgents were much disheartened by the want of aid from abroad and the coldness of the U.S. press towards the cause, and Quesada evidently hopes that he may be of some use in America. The insurgent army in the three departments of East, Camaguey, and Cinco Villas consists of 2,G93 officers and 59,000 men. The military stores comprise 16,000 long 'firearms, 3.538 short firearms, 13 guns, 60,075 machetes, 2,200 lances, 634 sabres. The horses number 6,070 in the field, and 2,500 at stations The insurgents have a large number of workshops for making arms, percussion caps, and shoes; also powder mills, tanyards, and storehouses. Quesada is described as tall, lithe, and finely formed, with dark Cuban olive com plexion, and jet black hair, thickly spziulducl will). gray. MONETARY REPORTS.- Y-ESTERDAY, Business in the Stock Exchange has been grated - To , day, and the changes in prices have not been important. Consols have been quiet at 93a to 931 for delivery, and 931 to 93a for the May account. Reduced and New Three per Cents, 914 to 92. Exchequer Bills par to ss. prem. India Five per Cents have been done at 113 to 113 k, and India Bonds at 20s. to 255. par. The tone of the market for foreign bonds has been healthy, and a further advance has taken place in the value of some securities. Great Northern A. has risen ; Great Western, ; London and North-Western,, 1; Midland, ; South-Eastern, and ditto Deferred, Indian Railway Stocks have been quiet. Canadian Shares have been without movement of importance. Foreign Shares have been quiet. South-Austrian and Lombardo-Venetian have risen More firmness has been noticed in the market for foreign bonds. Egyptian have been in request, and the 1,868 bonds have risen Russia (1822) have risen ; ditto (1862), ; Turkish (1854), 1; and ditto Five per Cents, 1 Pel cent. On the other hand, Greek have been flat and lower. American Government securities have been quiet, a.z the Ten-Forty Bonds have fallen Virginia State Bonds also have relapsed ; but Atlantic and Great Western Consolidated Mortgage Bonds and Illinois Central shares have risen and Erie shares The market for British Mining shares has been de pressed. Penrhyn have fallen and Tan-yr-Ant 1• Colonial and foreign mines have been quiet. Bank shares have been quiet, and without material change. The announcement that the prospectus of a new Atla' tic cable will make its appearance early next week has weakened the market for telegraph shares. Anglo-Ame rican have fallen 4-, French Cables J, and Anglo-Mediter- ranean. Silver's Indiarubber shares have been firm, and better. Miscellaneous securities have been quiet, and prices have shewn no important change. There have been no bullion operations at the Bank to-day. As regards the exchanges there has been rather more demand for bills on Paris and Holland, but the rates have been without material change. • The money market to-day has been characterised by much quietness. The supply of capital has been rather larger, and with the prospect of heavy additions being made during the next few days, three months' paper 1 10 been easily negotiated at n per cent. At a meeting of the Rio de Janeiro Gas Company (Limited) a dividend at the rate of 10 per cent. per anionn free of income tax was declared. A balance of £30,3 29 remained, of which £28,329 was placed to the insuranc e and contingency fund, and £2,000 was carried forwarA At a meeting of the Bank of British Columbia, it wag shewn that on the 31st of December the balance at o redit of profit and loss was £12,582 3s. 2d. A dividend for the half-year was declared at the rate of 5 per cent. per num, which would absorb £7,450; 059 4s. sd. • was appropriated to the " Balance of Bad Debt Accou nt° (closing this account) ; and the sum of £4,172185. 9d. was carried forward. At a meeting of the Agra Bank, it was shewn that the net' profits for the year had not exceeded £38,368: •A• dividend at the rate of 4 per cent. per annum was declared , making, with the interim dividend previously paid' a distribution of 5i per cent. for the year. A. sum of £6,000 was set aside to the credit of the reserve account and £690 was carried forward. The failure of goblin-, in the mining market, has - bol l announced to-day. The traffic returns of the South-Eastern RailwAy fo r the week ending April 4 present a total of £25,779, being a decrease of £2,877 when compared with the correspon ding period of 1869, which was Easter week, in which t he Dover Volunteer Review took place. MARKETS-YESTERDAY. LONDON TRADE REPORT, TUESDAY.—TaIIow is MO eet 445. 9d. spot ; 445. 9d. to 455. June ; and 455. 9d. last thr!,. months. Hemp and jute unchanged. Linseed oil firm, at 325. (1, to 325. 9d. London, and 325. to 325. 3d. Hull, spot. Eng l° ,... brown rape, 425. 6d. spot, and 41s. last three months. Turp e, tine steady, at 31s. fur American spirits. Cotton in deniand 8 advancing rates. inkmarket COLONIAL MARKET, TUESDAY.—The m market continues quiet. Sugars have been little dealt in owl al _ to the expectation of an early reduction in the duties. kricesvr, nominal. The coffee auctions have progressed steadily at 9. fall prices for good colony qualities. Tea has remained wit hoti. change in value. Cocoa has been in requeSt at full currencieS• LONDON METAL MARKET, TUESDAY.—Tin has tended Ur. wards in value. Straits, £127 10s. to £123 cash. Banca, 41t; English ingot, £129 ; refined, £l3l. Chilian copper, 4,65-15 S. "- £l6. Scotch pig iron, 565. cash ; and 565. 3d. one month. BOROUGH AND SPITALFIELDS POTATO MARKET' TrJSS - markets have been moderately supplies} wi th potatoes. The trade has been quiet, at ab ou t l a t e r ates. n,g: llsh straws, 1203. to 1305.; regents, 100 s. t o 120 5.; S c otch rege lll3, 90s. to 110 s.; and rocks, 755. to 90s. per ton. LONDON WOOL MARKET, TUESDAY.—Owing to the neat approach of the public sales, business in colonial wool has bee i d restricted. The tone of the market, however, has been firm, prices have been well maintained. English wool has been Viet' but steady. . METROPOLITAN HAY AND STRAW MARKET, TIIESDAI• There was a moderate supply on offer to-day ; the trade was in%c_ tive at late rates :—Prime meadow hay, 765. 6d. to 845.; Inf erl 4 ditto, 60s. to 70s. ; Rowen, 60s. to 655. ; prime clover, 11 0 s. 1265. ; inferior ditto, 80s. to 955. ; prime second-cut clover, 90 to 1103. ; inferior ditto, 803. to 903. ; and straw, 20s. to WY" load. • PARES, APRIL 4.—Rape 011, current month, 124 ; September', December, 109.50. Flour, current month, 56.25 ; 56.75 ; August, 57.25. . ST. PETERSBURG, APRIL 2.—Y.C., spot, 561 ; August, 5 7 . Wheat—May, 11 firm. Clean hemp—June, 38k ; rye, spot, 7 P quiet. ANTWERP, APRIL 2.—Petroleum, • spot, 521 ; May, 521 September, 55. AMSTERDAM, APRIL 4.—Wheat and rye unchanged, I ,tll oil, spot, 45 ; May, 421 0 ; Autumn, 42/. Linseed oil, spot, '2 Snring„ 34i ; Autumn, 3.5 i. Petroleum. 26. • OARING ATTEMPT TO _ESCAPE FROM Pnisoisr•-' The Gazette de Mons relates that the keepers of the prison of that place and the brigade of gendarmes were throw ° into commotion two nights back by finding that O . ' murderer, Dessous-le-Moustier, lately sentenced to dea,.th, ha,d disappeared from his cell through the window, PI by some means contrived to get rid of the strait-waiste e which he wore, and then tearing into strips the caro:% of which it was composed he made a sort of rope wh' i f he tied to one of the bars of the window and let himse lf down. -- Previously he had to wrench out by an immens e exertion of strength the other defences. Researches We i l made in all directions, and at last the fugitive, who 1 1 a. not been able' to get over the walls of the prison, was found concealed in one of the vans, intending doubtless t i ; seize on some opportunity of absconding the first tinie i t i : T ; carriage might be used. He was of course reinstalled his cell, but under better guard. Du BARRY'S Delicious Health-rotoring Revalenta A r h A bica, Food, which contains three times the 'nonrishment of best meat, saves fifty times its cost in- other remedies, restore re perfect digestion, strong nerves, sound lungs, healthy liver' , r 0 freshing sleep, functional regularity, and energy to the Pts.. enfeebled, removing speedily and effectually indigestion SL.7,or pepsia), habitual constipation, diarrhoea , haemorrhoids, rat complaints, flatulency, nervousness, biliousness, fevers, ' n o, throats, catarrhs, colds, influenza, noises in the head and '•".9„ rheumatism, gout, impurities, eruptions, hysteria, neurald irritability, sleeplessness, acidity, palpitation , heartburn, 11°,0, ache, debility, dropsy, cramps, spasms , nausea , and sickpro, sinking fits, coughs, asthma, bronchitis , incipient consu ral,ll o, scrofula, tightness of the chest, pains at the pit of the moue .; between the shoulders, &c. We quote a few out of es,ooo —The Pope's health restored by Du Barry's Food, Cure N o r 58,413 Rome, July 21, 1866. -The health of the Holy Fatbo is excellent, especially since, abandoning all other remediesL ic o has confined himself entirely to Du Barry's Reval i nta Ar a fl e Food, of which he consumes a plateful at every meal. •IL' A l 3 io produced a surprisingly beneficial effect on his health, an.,*,,,0; Holiness cannot praise this excellent food too highly the "Gazette du Midi," July 25. Cure No. 9,832: "Uf Fifty 5 . „,,`" indescribable agony from dyspepsia, nervousness, as t n cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness at the sta`",„ - Iy. and vomiting. Maria Jolly. Wortham, Ling, near Diss, P. Cure No. 47,121: Miss Elizabeth Jacobs, of Nazing Vita tio9' Waltham Cross, Herts, of extreme nervousness, indlg es „ - tioll gatherings, low spirits, and nervous fancies. Important Ca,_," its -Beware of the many unsavoury and more than sloppY if, o os tions to which without authority, Baron Liebig's name is audaciously attached (40 In tins, at is lid; 1 lb 2s 9d; 2 lb 4s 6d; 5 lb Ils; 12 lb -; 24 lbs 4 B.— Iso DII BARRY ' S REVALENTA A RABICA CIIOOOLAO POWDER is packed in tin canisters: for 12 cups at 2s, for 24 `lie at 3s 6d, for 48 cups at 6s, for 2 5 8 cups at 30 s, for 576 cups ILl,erti —being about one penny per cup. The 30s and 55s tins are free of carriage in England on receipt of Post Office Order. •mi o BARRY Do HARRY and Co., No. 77, Regent-street Londo n; all Grocers and Chemists. BIRTHS. G , of DAvms - On the 2d inst., at 37, Princes-gardens, the is'"" Richard Davies, Esq., 3/M.P., of a son. HARE - On the 2d inst., at 62, St. George's-square, the ii°l3. Mrs. Hugh Hare, of a son. . . G ES. fa HOPPER— ADLARD—On MARNA the 2d inst., 'at Calcutta, EO'iljr. Hopper, of Rangoon, to Clara, youngest daughter of Adlard, of Hatton-garden, and Islington. 11- , STEVE'. S —BERTENSHAW —On the 2d inst., at Soutlroar,m s t.. N. Stevens, eldest son of Richard Stevens, Esq , of O f ' $. bourne, Sussex, to Ann Cumberboach, only daughter ° Bertenshaw, Esq., of Blackfriars-road. DEATHS: Of FISIIE - On the 3cl inst.. at Rome, Charles O. Fishe, L•E" 4, Queen's-square, Westminster, aged 48. FORSTER—On the M inst., at Denmark-hill, Surr , Forster, Esq., of Eastcheap, aged 71. London: Printed and Published by WILLIAM ANDES W6 9 : (1 0 , No. 112, Strand, Printer, at THE SUN Office, No. 112, E tr in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the County of Wa lt° Wednesday, *pill 6, 1870. I ~~ J