The Sun. — London, England, 1870-10-15 00:00:00

operation, en than thb. lead. The. military .uced, and compared w generals astances of ate dogged ability Ms s were con- well as he was d of his public life he Union, the Union rom obseu the Re• lily possess His father, Igton, and first Prosi- Edmund, and was as a cadet. as second TO he con- In 1835 ho le expedi- Ohio and lieutenant, ,ed without war wit}i 3 engineers, of General Lee was on August Int-Colonel ,ncl on Sep ,hapultapec e war with but rusteh ; appointed 852 became Vest Point. L Lee was Sebastopol, colleague he head of Lieutenant the war in .int of that In Antonio, ed his post ,o the State Union, and with inva ,f the civil t and most astion ; but portion of be noted. command a. In the . He was aduct some Virginia, ‘nisation of be done. as occupied roops. On a, who had ines, iu the defence of he forces of 'ederals at rackson. ha until they the Rappa- Four days ',gust 23rd, IS resumed the 30th oral forces. nd. Hero r Lee had he did not Amation to , met S with .ellan, who consisting ddris of he Federate The battle f the Con• )e, and the IGth, and Both wounded rntage, and Retired be- ious. He Ile 18th of strongly. ttack, but th a melau 1, and 4th of victories, critory, and Iral partial a the great , commen.ce gained by ry from all led for the als directed confederate tg struggle issailed as May and the Wilder 10th, 11th, ) advantage igagement3 Ly towards sustained received but ho and corn keys of the aughter led attles. On wring those Whilst his ;, he almost ?,d on dis• ingenuity. only Von en the two Lees under . In his re -3 virtuous u than any SECOND EDITION. SUN OFFICE, 11.45 A.M. LATEST INTELLIGENCE. THE AlTik I? . THE PRUSSIAN PLAN OF ATTACK, The German leaders appear to care nothing about c y o ntealing their programme of attack upon Paris. It is announced at Berlin that the forts mill be regularly attacked, without any preliminary bom ban:lt:next of the city. When the Germans get Possession of one or two commanding posts, they will cmPloy the terrors of a bombardment in case the Y does not then surrender. The idea of pa.sing Hall the winter in the attempt to starve out the Pillation seems to be generally scouted. Some of d ae German officers, it is said, urged a bombard ,4lent at on ce ; b u t C oun t Bismarck did not '4onr this course. Though he will not make a ttY sacrifice to conciliate Europea.l opinion, he is Willing to have the approbation of other States Whe n it costs him nothing, and to this end he desires in attack on Paris to avoid useless destruction. 13nt there is a strong party in the German camp Which believes that a " moderate" bombardment t l i °4l d brin g a b ou t th a t di scor d an d anarc hy w hi c h e Germans expected to arise before this. Inside P ar i s , th e G overnmen t h a s d ec isi v ely ref used the demand to elect a municipality. This v le t°ry has greatly strengthened their position. I iEAVY GUNS FOR THE SIEGE OF PARIS. THE ARMY OF THE LOIRE. T 1-1 E ARREST OF DR. JACOBY. T HE BURNING OF ST. CLOUD. VERSAILLES, OCT. 14. St. Cloud has been set on fire by a French shell, probably from Mont Val&len. It was burnt to-day. tl Prussia n b a tt er i es h a d b een erec t e d th e r e . The h as b een occup i e d a ft er a severe ac ti on . e outpost aff a irs near Villejuif were unimportant. Th e Weather is fine.--Times Telegram. hEAVY GUNS FOR PARIS, FRANKFORT, OCT. 13. h il ifte cannon, throwing shells weighing three tiellndred pounds a distance of five miles, have been B p in from the Baltic forts to the works before Etri T ILE _FRENCH ARMY OF THE LOIRE. BERLIN, OCT. 13. T he north German Parliament will shortly as 6ekble to vote another war loan. OCTOBER 14. te l le French Army of the Loire consists of 10,000 tn tlar infantry, 3,000 regular cavalry, 4,000 Africans, l‘ru, volunteers, 2,000 artillery, and about 30,000 ° l ," i les, all ar me d w ith c h asse p o ts. li sir defeat at Orleans is to be followed up by te the O ccupation of Mans and Angers, which will and the northern railways from the southern, 1801 ate Bretagn6, where the crusade against the Garman heretics is preached by the clergy. Orders 4 0 t ve „ b een given to execute every Franc-Tireur ot ec i cngin c ,o• to a regular body, commanded by ;:. re s t hundred pounds of entrance fees have been ,Olved in th e last few days from s i g h teers at t h e W`' e of Strasburg Citadel. The charge for entrance l itl a ; t hree shillings. The money goes to the poor ere rk—Times 7 elegram. -.ATEUIL EVACUATED BY THE PRUSSIANS. AMIENS, OCT. 14 (7.35 P.M.) b ...., 8 Prussinns who occupied Braeuil on Wed -743r have retired on Laon. All is now quiet here, the city will be defended, if defended at all, by : troops ou t s id e . Th e s pi r it b o th o f the troops -44 of the people is excellent.—Telegraph Telegram. MILITARY ORGANISATION. TOURS, OCT. 14. NGovernment has issued orders for the organi ltplen and mobilising of the National Guard of the e 4 o efartrnent. Th e Gove r n men t will appoint the ill be and lieut.-colonels ; officers of other grades h a be cho sen b y vote. R egu l at i ons f or un i form i fe . be en i ssued. The Mayors and Prefects will L' b ute arms, a n d th e t roo p s wi ll b e d r ill e d t wo oullrs daily. ACTIVITY OF THE GERMANS. TOURS, OCT. 14. Rf: Prancais says that the Germans regard 4 ebourg and Chateau Saline as annexed to Ger -441 ,„3• -IL h. J uoniteur says the Prussians have taxed eve r la at the rate of nearly a thousand francs for In habitant. The kaize Prussians between Melun and Fontaiubleau are ci ailY attempts to enter the latter place, but lb prev ented by the firing of the Francs-tireurs '11 1181:le d in the woods. h e i ph e Prussians are still scattered over the t 8 of Landell, Coudray, and Ousembray. THE IMPRISONMENT OF JACOBY, FRANKFORT, OCT. 13. The B erman e„ ` jr Liberals are very much disappointed sddi A lltit Bismarck's refusal to release Jacoby. An b ee : BB Of condolence has been sent to Jacoby by the f t () ;.. 484 8 of Vienna. Ct ova l4 se mi officially announced that the German .nmente are agreed as to the basis of a new of t , 1 / 4 ,.‘-'ll for Germany, on the model of that zw er - a Zo . rth German Confederation.—Daily 'News ITALY. ROME, OCT. 12. latv is not in c l u d e d i n th e amnes ty, b u t Ithetal thousand malcontents of the old provinces, 1 14 :e refugee s h ere, are included. The measure 4L:eell well r ece i ved. coPlacentini, a Roman, has been called to the ei' of Lieutenancy in the room of Bonacci. 'Bl. TRIERS AT FLORENCE. A 7, T h FLORENCE, OCT. 14. ' vals ' e ra arrived h ere yes t er d a y even i ng . H e Of th ece lved at th e ra i lway stat i on b y t h e members e French Legation. AMERICA. PILIA,CT. 14. Pater return s chew that AD the ELP Democrats havel.car ;;Tl Indiana by 2,000 majority. The m en, in Tuesday's election was seven Congress- Repub lean till Among them were Mr. Schenck and Mr. Mor re't' On the Protectionists, who will contest the urns on the ground of alleged fraud. CAPTURE OF EPINAL. A telegram from Tours states that Epinal was, on the 12th, attacked and captured by the Prussians, after a most determined resistance by the National Guards. On account of the overwhelming number of the Prussians, and the terrible fire of their artillery, they were compelled to retreat to Kertigny. SPEECH OF GARIBALDI. ROUEN, OCT. 13. The War Committee, consisting of Generals Lefort and Martineau, and MM. Le Cesne, Brey cinet, Jules Cazot, and Alphonse Gent, sits en per manence at Tours, under the presidency of M. Gain betta. The Prussians have determined upon fortifying Gisors, which they propose to make a grand victual ling centre. La Cloche announces that General Duerot has left iu a balloon to join the army of the Loire. The Journal du Havre learns that the exact words that. Garibaldi addressed to the people at Tours were " You are all Republicans—(cries of assent) —well, then, a poet has observed that the subjects of a -Monarchy are children, whilst Republicans are men ; it is necessary to demonstrate to Europe that we are no longer children, and that we are worthy of being Republicans." lle further declared Italian volunteers would not be wanting, and that at the first call he would have 15,000 of them at his disposal. A number of Polish and Spanish Volunteers are expected at Tours. SEIZURE OF ARMS. The latest information from Tours states that the Provisional Government have authorized requisitions to be made of all arms and ammunition of foreign origin on their entry into France. The Government will take possession of the same, reimbursing the owners against loss. EXPORT OF PROVISIONS PROHIBITED. A decree has also been issued prohibiting the exportation of cattle, meat, flour, grain, and forage on all the frontiers of the Republic. This step has been taken in order to stop the supply of provisions to the enemy. SORTIE AT METZ. It is reported that Bazaine has made a successful sortie, and carried off 600 oxen and 500 sheep from the Prussians. The Government despatches also say that he had succeeded in dislodging the enemy from its position, and that thirteen German regiments, who were engaged, suffered very much from the Ere of Fort Bellecroix. SHELLING OF ST. CLOUD. A German official despatch, dated Versailles, Oct. 13, states that the French, without the least cause, commenced a severe attack on St. Cloud. The place was shelled with the greatest intensity, and the result was the palace was set on fire, and totally destroyed. A. sortie was made, but the ten battalions taking part iu the affair were repulsed by the Bavarians. From the same source the news also comes to hand that the former commander of Toul has died at Munden of small-pox. All the French fortresses on the Belgian frontier appear to be making pre parations to repel all attempts that may be made to take them by assault. M.ezieres appears to be the next place set down for bombardment. At Carnbrai and Londreries, on the approach of the Prussians, steps have been taken to inundate the country surrounding the fortresses. It is said that the courts-martial. in Paris are carrying the sentences of death, pronounced against deserters and fugitives, rapidly into effect, and thus striking terror into the minds of the waverers. The credit for arming the people has been increased to 23 millions of francs. INVESTMENT OF BREISACH, The number of Prussians before New Breisach is set down at 5,000 men, and the investment of the place is complete. The Germans are laying enormous requisitions throughout Colmar. A MILLION OF FRENCHMEN UNDER ARMS. LILLE, THURSDAY NIGHT. The Prussians, since occupying Breteuil, are marching on Ailly-sur-Noye, and are hourly ex pected at Amiens, A committee of defence has been established at Caen for the protection of Lower Normandy. 300,000 francs have been voted for the purpose, engineers ap pointed to obstruct the highways with felled timber, and to preserve all forage, provisions, cattle, and vehicles from the enemy, and, when necessary to burn them. Nine thousand of the National Guard will co-operate in the defence. The arrondissements of Valogues and Cherbourg are being placed in a state of defence, and prepara tions- made to inundate the Valley of Carentan, which' can be effected in two days. Letters from Paris of the latest date still assert that the Prussians are constantly repulsed in their attempts to establish their batteries before the city. M. Auguste Villemot, editor of the Figaro and Temps, is dead. The Journal de Liege says:—" Twenty waggon loads of gunpowder and bullets have been sent from Givet to Mezieres. Important works upon the fortifica tions of Mdsieres have just been completed. All the trees in the environs felled, and one hundred en gines armour-plated, and pierced with loopholes for muskets. Schelestadt is still preparing for vigorous defence. The Journal d'Ainiens asserts that the French troops outside of Paris exceed a million of men, and that four armies are now forming—the first, north of Amiens ; the second, in Normandy and Brittany ; the third, in the south-west at Mans, and the fourth from Bourgogne to Langres. _ WORKMEN'S INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION. The number of visitors, exclusive of season ticket holders, exhibitors, and others, on the 14th Oct., was 2,480. In a case heard at the Liverpool Police Court it was stated in evidence that a youth of 16, named May, had married a matron of 51. The pair lived unhappily. THE PHILHARMONIC, ISLINGTON.--This Hall has recently passed into the hands ;of Mr. Charles Morton, whose name is almost a household word in connection with the origin and growth of the modern music hall system. The opening night under the new management is fixed for Monday next, the 17th instant. Quite a deco rative revolution has been effected in the interior of the Hall; a stage, unique in its arrangements, is added for operatic and ballet purposes ; and the programme for the inaugural night is brimful of novelties. RUNAWAY HORSES.— A. correspondent in the Builder writes—" I have just read in this day's paper of a fatal accident to three out of four ladies, through a run away horse. It is possible to remedy this, and I again beg space in the Builder to explain my method of stopping the headlong speed of frantic and restive horses. A com plete electric apparatus can be purchased in a small case. Let one of these be fixed in an out-of-the-way nook in the carriage, two wires to hook to harness, beneath which have two very thin copper plates properly placed. In the event of a runaway, the driver and inside occupants would only have to press a glass knob to stop instantly the mad career of the strongest horses." TnE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 15, 1870, (CENTRAL PRESS TELEGRAMS.) THE LATE BOILER EXPLOSION AT LIVERPOOL. PROGRESS OF THE SIEGE OF PARIS. The aspect of the war has undergone a change, and that change is not to the advantage of the Prussians. The intelligence which arrived from Paris at Lille on the 12th has been now given by the French Government in fuller detail, and has been to a certain extent confirmed by an official Prussian telegram, despatched from Versailles on the 9th. When we bethink ourselves, moreover, of the significant silence of the Prussians lately, we feel justified in assuming it to be true that the besieged have gained substantial advantages, that the circle of the investment has been considerably enlarged, and that the offensive attitude of the Prussians is changed into a defensive one. M. Gambetta's proclamation of the 14th inst. asserts that the Prussians have been dis lodged from their positions. On the side of St. Denis they have been driven back beyond Stains, Pierrefitte, and Duguy. Pierrefitte and Stains are in front of St. Denis, while Duguy is a little further to the east and opposite Fort Aubervilliers, and about four and a half miles from the enceinte. On the south-east and east Creteil, Joinville, Bobigny, and the Plateau d'Avron have been retaken. On the south-west the besiegers have been driven out of Bas Meudon and St. Cloud and forced to fall back to Versailles. From the employment of the term "retaken " it would appear that a sortie was made cn the south-east and east, while " dislodged" may only sig aify that the Prussians, finding the fir, of the forts too hot, aban doned their previous positions. The result, ex cept as regards morale, is the same, the fact remains that the grasp of the Prussians on Paris has been relaxed and the progress of the siege retarded. It is clear also that the Prussians will eventually be compelled to retake at considerable cost of life the positions from which they have been driven. Till this has been accomplished Paris is safe from a bombardment. The Prussian official telegram is of two days' later date than the intelligence from Paris, and, as we have said, confirms to a certain extent the French account. It says that the Germans are ob serving a defensive policy until the commencement of the bombardment. This policy, the telegram goes on to say, is only departed from when the enemy makes sorties, which are always repulsed with the greatest energy. We beg to call the attention of the reader to the fact here admitted, that sorties take place, and that as they demand the utmost energy for their repulse, they must be serious. A German telegram from Versailles, dated 13th instant, indeed announces that ten bat talons made a sortie, but asserts that it was easily re pulsed by the 2nd Bavarian Corps. This result is not sur prising when we recollect that a corps d'arnae consists of 24 battalions of infantry, besides artillery, and cavahy. The loss of the Bavarians is stated to have been 19 men, but contrary to usual custom no mention is made of heavy losses on the part of the French. The German telegrams of the 14th state that Fort Val6rien fires incessantly on Malmaison and St. Cloud, but that the earthworks erected for the investment of the fort are beginning to become irksome to the gar rison. How far this statement tallies with the defensive policy observed by the Prussians, and how earth works unprovided with siege guns can be irk some to the garrison, we leave the reader to judge. Ostentatious mention made in this telegram of the arrival of provisions collected by requisition in the neighbourhood leads to a surmise that the Prussians—as was to be ex pected—have already begun to experience some difficulty in feeding their large army. Again we are told that a heavy siege train is arriving from Ingoldstadt. What does this announcement mean ? Has Bavaria any large and effective siege train ? We doubt it ? If it has, why was it not sent on long ago? Yet once more, how much of the long journey has been accomplished? The term " is arriv ing" would lead to the belief that a portion had already reached the camp of the besiegers. At all events, one thing is certain, that on the 14th October the whole of the siege train intended to be used against Paris had ar rived. Allowing that it is close at hand, it is evident that the bombardment of the forts cannot begin before the 20th at earliest. Another significant remark is made, namely, that a portion of the troops employed at Stras burg are expected to arrive before Paris in a few days, and that another portion had been sent towards the south. This argues a consciousness of weakness on the part of the besiegers, and is good news for the army of Lyons. What we have said as to the prospects of active operations before Paris not being likely to com mence so soon as was expected is confirmed by the correspondent of the Morning Post, who, writing from Boulogne on the 18th, says that the most reliable infor mation he can obtain is to the effect that the Prussians have not yet brought up anything approaching to the quantity of materials required for com mencing an attack even on the forts. Dr. Russell, writing to the Times on October 6, indulges in some very significant reflections as to the danger from sickness caused by exposure to the severe autumn and winter weather, and from want of provisions. He justly observes that " there may be two armies instead of one interested in a struggle against short commons." Dr. Russell also justly observes that the reduction of strong works like the forts by battering and vertical fire will be a tedious operation, and further, that as the ground slopes down from the plateaux of Chatillon and Meudon, the besieged will be able to bring a plunging fire to bear on the trenches and approaches of the besiegers.— Standard. A report, prepared by two Civil Engineers, was handed to the Liverpool coroner yesterday, at the inquest on the persons killed by the recent boiler explo sion at Messrs. Parry and Dukes's foundry. The report stated that the boiler was weak from corrosion, and that had a proper inspection been made in time, this might have been noticed, and the accident thus prevented. GENERAL TROCHU ON THE DEFENCES OF PARIS. The correspondent of the Telegraph, writing from inside Paris on the 6th instant, says :—" In a conversation which General Trochu had last night with an intimate and trusted friend, the Governer of Paris expressed him self as follows :—' It is impossible to exaggerate the activity and intelligence which the different com manders of portions of our defensive works have displayed during the last three weeks. When the Prussians first drew to our outside forts, they could have carried many of them without difficulty, and with out material loss, by a coup de main. I feel pretty con fident that they cannot carry any of our outer works now without a regular siege. On the other hand, I cannot conceal from myself that everything which they have done since they investod Paris appears to indicate that they mean to starve us out by long and weary investment, not to batter down our walls, or try to set Paris on fire by shells. They are conducting the siege upon principles and tactics which, of all others, are most trying and unfavourable to the make and character of Frenchmen. If they had shelled the forts, or if, with long-range guns, they had rained projectiles from the heights of Belleville into the town, they would have made every man, woman, and child in Paris an homogeneous unit. But, by wearing out our patience through inaction, and by letting us feel the slow pressure of a long-continued siege, they are forcing Frenchmen to fight under the conditions of warfare which, of all others, are least favourable to the temper of my countrymen. Nevertheless, we have two months' provisions in the town, and most of our families have enough to last a fortnight longer. After two months many things may happen to work in our favour. At any rate, if Paris holds out for two months longer, the provinces cannot say that they have not had plenty of time to come to our rescue. If they have the will to come, Paris, by her tenacity, will at any rate show them the way.' These are brave words, and they are the utterance of a simple, honest, brave sol dier ; but the attitude of the Parisians themselves is, if I mistake not, very much less Spartan and heroic. We are never tired of writing and enacting `buncombe' before that wretched plaster of Paris cast of the City of Strasburg. Scarcely had the news of the surrender Of the Altatian fortress reached us before our Provisional Government decreed that the image of the city should be cast in bronze. Every hour in the day regiments—which, be it not forgotten, should be on the ramparts or drilling in the open places—occupy them selvesin making ' pilgrimages' to this statue, and in swear ing, with swords uplifted, that they will die rather than permit it to be torn off from France. Unless the expe rience of all other nations who have heretofore been locked in a life-and-death struggle be illusory and vain, the French Guards, who make pacts with death ' and hold their swords aloft before this Alsatian goddess, would be far more likely to 'quit them like men' if they would act instead of professing—if they would shoot instead of shouting." THE AFFAIRS OF SIR WILLIAM RUSSELL, M.P. At the Court of Bankruptcy a sitting was held before the Senior Registrar, Mr. Hazlitt, in the matter of Sir William Russell, M.P., whose total debts and liabilities are £750,000, and total assets represented to be sufficient to pay all his creditors in full. The debtor filed a petition in liquidation, which is still going on, under the superintendence of Messrs. Linklaters and Messrs. Kemp, Fad, and Co., of Walbrook, public ac countants, and the present sitting was for the purpose of examining a Mr. Pooley, of the Wine Warehousing Corn. pang, who, it was alleged, had certain property in his possession belonging to Sir W. Russell's estate, but the examination of the witness having been taken in private the details cannot be published. In addition to the peti tion in liquidation, four other petitions have been flea against Sir William Russell, who is described therein a, of Nol9, Billiter-street, in the City of London, shipowne l and warehouseman, RE-OPENING OF THE HARBOUR OF KIEL. The North German Consul at South Shields yesterday received a communication from the River Admiral and General commanding in the Baltic respecting the naviga tion of the harbour of Kiel. The dispatch states that the harbour is re-opened under certain conditions, which are merely intended to avoid danger from the numerous lines of torpedos. The regulations admit of no exception, and must be obeyed by the master of every ship entering or leaving the port irrespective of the flag under which he sails. THE SECRETARY FOR WAR AT OXFORD. The Right Hon. E. D. Cardwell and Mr. Vernon Har court, Q.C., on the invitation of the Liberal Association, addressed a meeting at Oxford last evening. Mr. Card well, referring to the war, took credit to the Government for the policy they had pursued. They had used their best endeavours to preserve peace, and their position had been one of strict neutrality. The Secretary for War referred to his own department, and to the recent speeches made by Mr. Henley, M.P., and Earl Carnarvon, and announced that the Government had commenced arming the militia with breechloaders. He explained the reductions which bad been made in the army, especially amongst the troops in the colonies, and touched upon .the Red River expedition, and the question of military stores and organi sation. Referring to the subject of secret voting, Mr. Cardwell reminded the meeting that he had always re served to himself the right of changing his opinion in that direction, and avowed that he had consented to the intro duction of the measure dealing with the matter, and was ready to do so again. Mr. Vernon Harcourt, in the course of his speech, strongly condemned the policy of France in making war upon Prussia. The meeting passed a vote of confidence in the speakers as the parliamentary represen tatives of the city of Oxford. ARRIVAL OF PAPAL ZOUAVES AT LIVERPOOL. The Italian screw steamer India arrived at Liverpool yesterday, bringing 290 Papal Zouaves from Genoa and Leghorn. After anchoring in the river she was visited by the Earl of Denbigh, Chevalier Lloyd, and other gentlemen who are interested in their cause. The Eng lish and Irish part left the vessel in the -afternoon, but the French Canadians will stay in her a short time longer, and will return to their homes, taking next Wed nesday's American steamer. FEARFUL ACCIDENT. Yesterday afternoon a terrible accident occurred at the shipbuilding yard of Messrs. Mitchell and Co., at Low Walker on the Tyne. A largo iron vessel in course of construction suddenly fell over on its side, crushing be neath it many of the workmen who were at work below. As far as is at present known the cause was the giving way of one of the supports. No exact estimate of the number killed can yet be made. Six bodies have been taken from the debris, six others are seen jammed up, and it is feared from 20 to 30 are seriously injured. CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY. The entry of fresh men at the bulk of the colleges this year is very good. Trinity heads the list with 153, amongst whom are Lord Murrurie, Lord Manners, the Hon. H. A. Court, Hon. A. T. Lyttleton. Hon. 11. 0. C. Pritel and Hon. J. D. B. Roche. St.'John's College stands next with 125 ; Jesus has 48, a much larger number than previously. The numbers of the other colleges ara are, Caius, 44 ; Corpus, 31; Trinity Hall, 29 ; Clare 27 ; Em manuel, 27 ; Christ's, 21; Pembroke, 15 ; Magdalen, 13 ; Queen's, 13 ; King's, 8 ; Downing, 4 ; making a total of 558 exclusive of Corpus, St. Katherine's, and the unat tached students. The Hon. W. J. W. Fitzwilliam is amongst the entries at Magdalen. Syed Mabmoad, from India, is at Christ's. THE SICK AND 'WOUNDED. The subscriptions at Leicester in aid of the fund for the relief of the wounded continue to flow in at the rate of £2OO per week. The total amount already received for this fund in that town now reaches over £1,700, besides large donations of clothing from manufacturers, and parcels of linen, bandages, and wearing apparel from private individuals. The collections at the harvest thanksgivings have been generally handed over to this fund. DEATH OF A CLERGYMAN WHILE MAKING A S PEECH. Yesterday afternoon while the Rev. Mr. Cowan, of St. Chrysostom's Church, was delivering a speech at a con ference of clergymen and ministers in the Town Hall, Liverpool, on the subject of establishing a hospital, he suddenly fell backwards and expired before he could be removed from the room. SUICIDE ON THE RAILWAY. The body of William Wells, a native of Eynesbury, but who has lived at St. Noet's for twenty years, was found on the Great Northern Railway, near Great Paxton Bridge. The head was completely severed from the body. and was some distance away. It appears the deceased had made several previous attempts at suicide. He was 60 years of age. ACCIDENT TO A DUTCH FISHING BOAT. The Dutch fishing boat Runegonda, while making for Yarmouth Roads from the North on Thursday night, struck on the sunken wreck of the screw steamer Chester, and knocked a hole in her hull. The force of the colli sion threw one of the crew, a lad about 18 years of age overboard, and he was carried away before assistance could be rendered. The vessel was then run ashore, and the damage repaired. UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE. OXFORD.—The Lincoln College election terminated yesterday as follows :—Open Scholarships.—Messrs. F. Bond, New College ; T. Sanctuary, Winchester ; and G. H. Palmer, Winchester. Talham Scholarship.— Mr. Wodehouse, Eton. Natural Science Scholarship.— Mr. Schofield, Owen's College, Manchester. There were thirty-seven candidates. LADIES' EXCHANGES. Virgil tells us that " varium et mutabile semper feinina, and we may remember that Posthumus in Cymbeline had apparently not a very different idea of the fair sex in his day. At least he tells us that " even to vice they are not constant, but are changing still one vice but of a minute old for one not half so old as that." In the present day it would appear that woman preserves still her love of change, but contrives to gratify it in a more harmless way than she did a few generations ago—viz., by changing away every possible article in her possession, and receiving in exchange the most dissimilaa articles to that just parted with. It was not so long ago that a lady advertised in a journal devoted to the service of the bargainers of her sex, offering a haudsomely-bound Church Service in exchange for a tame white rat. But the market is still open for exchanges not less advan tageous and not less grotesque than the above. In a journal dedicated to the amusement and profit of the ladies, we find that whoever is the fortunate possessor of a black-cap in full song may obtain some illuminations in exchange. An opera glass is offered in exchange for a biscuit tin—which rather puts us in mind of Aladdin's offer to exchange new lamps for old. A rich coloured nanny goat, in full milk, is to be parted with for an adequate consideration. Foreign stamps are going begging, though one would think that the present complications on the Conti nent, and consequent probable disappearance of the small kingdoms attendant thereon, would have enhanced their price. Angora kittens are, however, looking up. But the greatest run is upon furs, and amongst furs upon sealskin jackets. Indeed, it would appear from the amount of fair applicants for the latter articles that such jackets are the last infirmity of their noble minds. To obtain them they offer to sacrifice everything with the most reckless prodigality. Even jewellery is parted with to obtain these. The Premier will not be flattered at observing that his autograth is offered as an equivalent for some back numbers of the Illustrated London News. The " Sunday Magazine " and " Sunday at Home " (several back volumes) will be parted for a moderate equivalent. But the most extraordinary offer of the whole lot is " Hotlge's Commentary on the Romans," which, with several other religious books, is offered in exchange for Oxenden's " Short Lectures on the Gospels," or else either brown or grey Scotch yarn I—Globe. Earl Granville was prevented from coming to town yesterday by an attack of gout, which confines him to his residence at Walmer Castle. INSIDE PARIS. This is the very dullest and most monotonous of sieges. Not a shell to enliven us ; not a shower of rain or a cloudy sky to breck the serene brightness of uninter rupted sunshine by day and clear moonshine by night ; nothing in the shape of serious fighting to raise our hopes or plunge us into deeper despair ; not an attempted emeute to carry us out to Belleville, or make us fancy that blood will be shed in the his torical Faubourg St. Antoine ; not a single man, civil or military, who stands out from the ruck of his gasconading fellow-citizens ; not a newspaper—with, perhaps, the ex ception of the DJbats—which writes words of truth and soberness. Food may be still obtained with ease by the rich—without extraordinary difficulty by the poor, to whom at all times meat is an unusual delicacy. I have read that the city of London consumes daily as much meat as all the urban populations of France put together. The French are notoriously great economists of animal food, and, with their skill and thrift in cooking, they contrive to utilise and make soup and ragouts out of bones and bits of gristle which our poorest cottier's wife would throw into the pig-trough. Given a population of two millions in Paris, and it is probable that they would exist longer upon short commons without murmuring than half the same number of souls in London. One thing, at least, we are promised—to wit, that neither wine, oil, bread, nor sardines will fail us. I have a very shrewd suspicion that long before the month of October shall have run its course, beef will be a curiosity, and mutton an exception ; while horse and ass will be our staple of general food. The Liberte the other night announced that a butcher upon the Buttes Montmartre had for sale two quarters of an ass, on one of which was written, " Ane nomme Bis marck, fig des trois ans." " It is notorious," adds the same journal, " that ass is one of the most delicate of meats. Pamphlets were published during the seventeenth century which establish that a saddle of ass was held by the refined gourmands of that age to be the most exqui site of dishes." Butter has.long passed out of sight; every kind of grease and lard, qualified to serve as a culinary substitute for butter, has been eagerly bought up, and is hardly to be got for love or money. Rice, macroni, ver micelli, split peas, arrowroot, Indian corn flour, essence of meat, cheese, potted meat s, all kinds of salt and dried meat, such as hams and bacon—tea, coffee, sugar, dried fruits and many other simi lar condiments, are objects of universal research. It is curious to remark how generally even the poorest French householders have laid in a little store of provi sions wherewith they may hold hunger at bay. " Lone women," who, if they had been English, would never have owned a billet de banque for 100 f. in their lives, have a little treasure of flour and macaroni garnered away somewhere in their cupboards, and will be able to hold out- stoutly to the last, unless there shall arrive a day of wrath, with which we are threatened by many croakers and pessimists—a day when starving gamins, followed by starving women and chil dren, shall swarm into every inhabited building, and ransack it from cellar to roof in the hope of finding food. But there is also no inconsiderable alarm lest, in addition to the absence of food, we may soon find ourselves without the means of cooking it. Most of the French cooks employ wood charcoal as their fuel for culi nary purposes. The siege had hardly begun before an outcry was raised in the poorer quarters of the town against the " marchands de bois et de charbon " for raising the price of their charcoal to an extravagant and impossible figure. Most of these charbonniers are natives of Auvergne—a province generally re garded as furnishing Paris with sons and daughters who have a wonderfully keen eye to the main chance. Im pelled by the general indignation expressed in the newspapers, and by the voice of the streets, against these greedy and predatory dealers in charcoal, the municipal authorities of Paris seized in some instances the whole store of that precious commodity, owned by men who were pointed out by the cry of the mob as having specially raised their prices at a moment when patriotism required that they should sacrifice themselves for the public good. The charbonniers, who are a very sullen, mulish race, resented this high-handed procedure of the Parisian municipality, and in many cases shut up shop altogether. What with the high price of charcoal when it is to be bought at all, and with the closing of many shops which once used to retail it, I am not at all sure that, before the end of October, there will not be as great a dearth of charcoal for the cooking of our meat, as there will be of flesh itself to lay upon the glowing and smokeless coals of fire which are so admirably adapted for the display of culinary skill.— Correspondent of Telegraph, October 6. A SCENE AT VERSAILLES. The correspondent of the Telegraph gives the following de,cription of the scene at Versailles on the sth inst.:— " The great fountains played at half-past two, and his Majesty walked through the grounds and witnessed the display. Probably many who read these lines have seen the Grandes Eaux on a Sunday afternoon, and memory will enable them to picture a scene that I cannot attempt to describe. They will remember —or, if they have never been there, they must imagine—how the tall stately columns of water rise into the air, descending again in such graceful curves ; how the minor fountains flash and sparkle in the bright sunshine, forming innume rable little rainbows; and how the fresh clear water, fal ling in tiny spray upon the leaves and grass, wafts a pleasant odour as of new-cut hay, and cools the heated and dust-laden air. To see the Grandes Eaux play is at any time a sight pleasing to the eye. To witness the display, under the circumstances that attended it, is a matter of such interest as to constitute a veri table landmark in a man's life—a day to look back upon and remember with ever-increasing wonder. The morning was cold and damp, a regular autumn day, commencing with a slight frost, and developing into a thick white fog. About one o'clock, however, the sky suddenly cleared, the sun shone out in all its splendour, speedily driving off the field the rem nants of the mist which clung to the skirts of the woods and brakes—like skirmishers, covering the retreat of the main body of the fog. Punctually at the hour mentioned the waters began to play, and his Majesty appeared on the terrace• A large crowd had assembled, and people were suffered to move about as they liked without let or hindrance of any kind. His Majesty, accompanied by the new Prefect of Versailles, and followed by all the historic personages of the Staff, walked about naturally and easily among the soldiers and civilians that crowded round. Two or three field police, to clear a path for him when he wished to move, were all the guard that sur rounded the great conqueror of the age. Having gazed for a short time upon the glorious view as seen from the terrace, the King moved on and went the regular round of the fountains, finishing at the great basin of Neptune, where a carriage was waiting to con vey his Majesty back to the Prefecture. Strange and novel indeed was the spectacle as witnessed from the terraces at the western front. A dense crowd of soldiers and civilians followed close upon the King. The Crown Prince was there, walking about and mingling almost unattended with the crowd ; and there also were many of the most illustrious personages of the day—men who had pondered deeply over this very campaign, and from .whose fertile brains had sprung the plans and combinations the fruit of which we have already seen. There, too, in the undress uniform of the Cuirassiers, was that soldier-statesman whose diplomacy has astonished the world—whose name has become a synonym for a policy as courageous as astute, and so straightforward and above board as to shock every tradition of the diplomatic art. Strolling about in the warm sunshine, in haling fresh life and strength in the pleasant breeze, were a number of soldiers recovering from their wounds, or from maladies brought on by the hardships of the war. Many an empty sleeve I saw, and many a poor fellow hobbling along on the limbs the use of which he never would fully regain. The civilians were delighted with the show ; they declared it was delightful—raris sant—and thought but little about who had ordered that the waters should play. What did it matter to them provided they were amused? 'Let us have bread and games' has often been the popular cry. What signifies it whether King or Emperor, Gaul or Teuton, friend or foe, provides the spectacle? Beautiful, at any rate, it certainly was ; the clear columns of water contrasting with the rich autumn tints, and the mass of gay uniforms forming a bright and moving foreground to such a picture as is rarely seen." BANKRUPTS. To Surrender in London. Brown Robert, Smith-street, Mile End, October 4, at 1. Garbanati, Paul Charles, Glasshouse-street, Regent-street; carver and gilder, October 28, at 12. Holliman, John Edward, Essex-road, Islington, grocer ; October 27, at 12. Webster, Henry, Litchfield-street, Soho, patent inkstaM manufacturer, October 27, at 1. Colonel Loyd Lindsay was allowed to enter Paris on Wednesday. OUR COTEMPORARIES---This Morning ENGLISH MEDIATION. The Times remarks that little more than three years ago we were content to enter into a substantial guarantee in order to prevent war, and the fact cannot be overlooked in any deliberation now on the means of con cluding the war. Taking our stand upon this basis, let us put this hypothesis :—Suppose, after securing, what might, we believe, be easily secured, the co-operation of Austria and Russia, we addressed the two belligerents in something like the f Alowing sense :—" We have watched the war between you, and we are impressed with a sense of its growing horrors, should it be prolonged. We learn from the Circulars of both that it is continued because the one insists upon a cession of territory, to which the other will not consent. It is admitted that the inhabitants of the disputed Pro vinces are averse from the transfer of their allegiance ; and, speaking from the experience of each of us, we know the constant danger to peace resulting from the' neces sity of governing a district inhabited by a people re senting the rule imposed upon them. We recognise, however, the justice of the demand made for some guar antee of future safety, and we feel that the dismantle ment of the hostile places in the provinces the posses sion of which is contestA m. y I e deemed and insufficien security by the cne and an uncalled-for exposure to attack by the other. We are ready, therefore, to make the following offer :—Let the strong places of Alsace and Lorraine be dismantled, and we will enter into joint and several guarantees with each belligerent to join either against the other in case one should make an attack upon the other without first submitting to our arbitration as neutrals the grounds on which such an attack is sought to be justified." It is quite possible such an offer might be unsuccessful, but there are reasons why some efforts should be made to promote. it. We are accused of a selfish isolation, of being unconcerned at any misfortunes of our neighbours, and of a craven temper that would buy present immunity from danger at any price. We could not more clearly disprove these charges than by taking the initiative in offering terms of peace that would, attest a genuine desire to protect our friends from injury. THE FALL OF ORLEANS. The Telegraph remarks that to-morrow Monseigneur Dupanloup will have the felicity of seeing his cathedral thronged by les Prussiens, as the invaders are always called in France. Only two or three months since, on his return from the (Ecumenical Council, Monseigneur Dupanloup found the coun try on the brink of war, and he seized his pen to tell his flock, not that France was doing a mighty wrong, but that it was right for Christians to vindicate her outraged honour. A few weeks since the fiery bishop again addressed his countrymen with the despairing confession that Providence had not blessed their armies with victory, but had visited them with persistent and terrible defeat, to punish France for not being Catholic enough, for leaving the Pope at the mercy of • the Italian Government, for scoffing at the voice of religion, for supplying ail the world with the immoralities of literature, and per mitting Paris to take the first place among wicked cities. Although La Pucelle still points towards the invader, no armed Frenchmen remains to follow her heroic summons ; the immortelles and the geraniums have, of course, been confiscated by some Bavarians with an eye to botanical beauty j. and the most famous city of midland France is for the present a German town. Monseigneur Dupanloup could not have a better opportunity of reading a lesson to his country by pen and tongue. And in a spirit, not of vulgar triumph, or of insolent dictation, but of sorrow, it must be added that France still stands in need of such a lesson. Perhaps this most disastrous of ail her wars may teach her that she must live at peace with her neighbours, and cease to preach the holiness of la glare, without forfeiting her higher right to the title of la Grande Nation. THE SIEGE OF PARIS. The Standard, arguing from the latest news received from Paris, says there seems no chance that internal dis sension will lead to a shameful surrender of the city. Paris, of course, may be starved into submission, or taken by assault ; but, adds the Standard, the pro spect of that successful assault, or of that starvation into submission upon which the Prus sians have reckoned, must appear, too, much smaller in their eyes than it seemed or that they pre tended it appeared some days ago. We need not trust to the French statements to arrive at this conclusion, al though there can be little doubt as to their correctness. The Prussians have never yet reported a repulse. They may tell the tale of their victories truly, but they suppress their defeats, although those defeats have not been few. Who, for instance, has heard by telegram of the checks the besiegers have sustained at Bitche and Phalsburg? Who has heard from reports from the German headquarters of the extent of the losses sustained by the German armies in the engagements in which they have been victorious ? But the Prussians practically admit, as well by their inaction as their exclamations, the latter statements made by the French. That suc cesses were real and important is all that we wish to insist upon here, and that they were is quite clear from the remarkable telegram from the Prussian head-quarters, which complains that the French, without any provocation, had shelled and set on fire the Palace of St. Cloud. The tone of injured innocence which speaks in this telegram is one of the curiosities of Prussian polemics ; but we may leave it out of question now. We are only discussing the facts, and they are most significant. The besieging armies have been compelled to recede from the positions they had taken up, to make the circle wider, and, consequently, weaker. That the French should have shelled St. Cloud shows that their artillery is a great deal more powerful than the Prussians had assumed; and proves that the bombard ment of Paris, talked of so glibly by the Germans, is a work far more difficult than they had assumed, or, rather, than they had asserted. Paris, remarks the Daily News, is not only isolated from information—she is in reality isolated from such help as the rest of France can give, and must face her destiny alone. It is impossible not once more to ask, Must that destiny be starvation and bombardment? Is there no middle term between victory and ruin which France might be willing to accept, and Germany might be content to impose ? The German commander has himself drawn so terrible a picture of the result of this struggle on the vast non-combatant popula tion of Paris, that it can hardly be possible to justify any persons in authority in facing, or the victor in inflicting, such evils. Whatever be the result of the struggle for Paris, if it continues the people must starve. For miles around the capital the country is cleared of food. The French themselves made a zone of desert immediately around the city, and now the necessities of the German armies are widening that zone to such an extent that succour can hardly pass it. If the city falls, or even if the German forces go back to the Rhine, the population will still be almost entirely dependent for food on the supplies stored up within the walls. If the city is taken, even those sup plies will have to satisfy the previous claims of the victo rious army before the citizens will be allowed to share them. Whichever way we look, the horizon of the fu ture is dark around Paris. Even for the German Armies themselves the winter prospect is gloomy. The city may not be easy to reduce, and the besiegers must necessarily suffer a good many of the evils they inflict. Of the multitudes who from all sides have looked down on Paris as it lay before them in the autumn sunshine, a large per-tentage will never enter it. Thousands of them will die from exposure in the open field, or will fall in the trenches, or will be slain in the assault. Yet with all these terrible possibilities before the combatants, the siege goes on. Nearly three millions of people are being involved in a cataclysm of passion ; how many to be swallowed up by it, how many to emerge from it, no human foresight can guess. Sin W. TlTE.—Last night's Gazette contains a notification that the Queen has conferred on Sir William Tite the order of the Bath. John Brown, a man 56 years of age, met his death by falling downstairs, at his house at Fulham. His spine was fractured by the occurrence, and he only lived a few days. At the Toxteth Park Guardians meeting, it was stated that there were 309 cases of out-door fever under treatment, against 180 last week. There were 161 cases of relapsing fever in the workhouse. FIRE AT THE GAIETY RESTAURANT. —A firo broke out about six o'clock last evening at the restaurant attached to the Gaiety Theatre in the Strand. Although it occasioned some alarm, it was confined to the cellars, in which it was discovered, and the performance in the theatre took place as usual. • AN ABSCONDING POLICE SUPERINTENDENT.— The Kent County magistrates have issued a warrant for the apprehension of Mr. George English, Superintendent of Kent County Constabulary at Ashford, on a charge of m i s appropriation of money. Some time since a woman was a pprehended at Ashford for a felony committed at Rye, in Sussex, and, fearing a conviction, and the con sequent forfeiture of a sum of upwards of £2OO she had in h e r possession, she placed the money in the hands of Mr. English to take care of for her. The woman was con victed, and after the ,expiration of her sentence, failing to obtain the return of the money, a solicitor was instructed in the matter. Upon this Mr. English obtained leave of absence for a fortnight. He did not, however, return, and, it having been ascertained that he had taken passage on board a sailing vessel for Australia, an officer has been despatched with a warrant to await his arrival.