The Sun. — London, England, 1841-01-02 00:00:00

EVENING EDITION. as many words, " We shall defer our loan until the con- ' &motion of peace enables us to bring it wit on better terns. Fur the present there is :bullion in the Bank of France, with whose support, advanced against a deposit of Treasury bonds. we shall manage to keep things moving." Calculated upon a peace establishment, it is stated by M. Hutnann that the insufficiency of ways and means is only 64,000.0001. (2,560,0001.) against which there will be the sinking fund, available is 1842,t0 the amount of 90,178,9621., Or say 3,600,0001. ; but then it appear; that there is an old arrear of 256,000,000 of francs to be supported, and a grant of 4,000,000 f. for public works. The estimates of th e War Department, however, are calculated at 364,718,391 f., upwards of 14,560,000/., being an excess of 113,177,610 f. beyond the credits originally opened for 1841. The estimates for the Marine are 113,290,000 f., 'or upwards of 4,520,000/ These estimates will only be required if the present effsetives under the land and sea service be maintained in 1342, which we do not anticipate, and they arc so far beyond the expense of supporting a peace establishment, that we should expect the Finance Minister of France for 1842 would then find his revenue sail expenditure within the limit of the sixty-four millions of francs declared to be their juxta-position under a peace establishment, setting aside extraordinary charges. M. Humana does not propose to stop the works of peace, be cause he expects that peace will be Apintained. O n th e same principle he should have discos Hued the extraordi nary expenses of war, because he tells us that war will not take place. He does not, we regtt to observe, propose new tax •s, but says there is somqhing else to be tried, which consists in amending the system pursued in collect ing those which exia, s as to strehgth e n the receipt of taxes, and general - It the applicatir.m them. The re duction of expenditure, it seems, has a ,ways been " inef fectual" in France. We should, therefore, suppose that it has never been applied with sufficien:, vigour in that country. The remittances of specie from the United States to Ear •pc at this .IC4SOII of the year, estimated at nearly 1400,000 during the first ten days of last month, have at tracted attention here, as leading to an impression that, if curitietkil for any length ot time, they might embarrass the American bank in resum;ng specie payments. There is no cause for alarm on that around, fur there is a !Pep supply of specie in the United States, and when the spring arts in the drain of it will terminate, if not before. Cotton will then be sent forward, 6ff rding akin 4ant means for hills to draw against. About this period there is always w defiei..ncy of bills from the dullness of trade, and a large ' demand for remittances to pay the disiJenda falling due on S ate Stocks. SUN.—The Eng!ish Market was not depressed by a statement from l'ars, concerning the French Finance Ministtr's intention to cover the deficiency in the re venue of his Ga%ernincat by a new loan ; when the Money Market appear, to cifer the best chance ta This is merely what all might have expected would come, sooner or later. Consols closed at 88 tt ; Ex chequer Bills at 4s. to premium ; Bank Stock at 158 ; end the Re.lu..ed Three per Cents at 89. In some quarters we observe that the probability of -a new loan for Spain, is exciting attention, but we are unprepared to *state upon what precise grounds the supposition rests, any more than its being based upon that well known foundation of the poverty of the Mad' Treasury. No doubt there is in contem plation some new measure of finance by the R 7.- gency, as the last private advices from Spain even assert the likelihood of our having " a batch" of decrees early in the present year. It is also stated that negotiations are in progress between the British and Spanish Governments, for 11100 plan to iclieve the English creditors, and secondly, that M. Gemboa has discovered, on inspection of the ac counts of his predecessors, that arrears are due to Go vernment from parties who purchased Crown lands, to the enormous amount of six millions sterling, which arrears he is resolved to enforce the payment of ac cording to the terms of the contract, partly in Govern ment stock. which it is hoped will then be cancelled. Of course we do not vouch for the authenticity of this statt anent. Six millions sterling form a very large sum, even making allowances for the extent to which Spanish e.rruption and favouritism are said to uist. To-day there was again a large am - Mint of business doing in the Foreign Market, chiefly in Pecinsular S.t curities. Spanish Active Bon& were not quite so high, being marked 25-i to 24, for the Accpunt. Portu guese New Five per Cents, were steady at 324 to 34 fur immediate transfer ; and 32 for the 1837 Bonds, for Account. Tt►e Three per Cents. were at 201 to 204. Colombian Six per Cents. realized 24 ; Mexican declined to 28" i, and Brazilian to 704 and 714. • Russian Bonds were worth 1124, and Dutch Five per Cents. 974. The Railway Shares were neglected. Great West ern New, on which a further instalment of 10/. per share was completed to-day, were marked 124 pre mium, the Fifth shares 7 to 74 premium ; York and North Midland, 18 premium. Brighton shares were 5i to 6 discount. These prices were nearly all the stunts as yesterday. Colonial Bank Shares were 13, and Union Bank of Australia 10 premium. Tue Foreign Exchanges were flat again this after noon, but not lower. On Paris, three months, paper was taken at 2.5 f. 521 c. to 55.!.. On Amsterdam, at 12 21 to 4 ; on Hamburgh, at 18 7 ; on Antwerp, at 12 24 ; on Frankfort, at 1.484 ; and on Trieste, at 10 3. SPIRIT of the PUIMAC JOURNALS, /ROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY. (From the illuriting Chronicle.) We cannot remain indifferent spectators of the election eering proceedings in the borough of Walsall, nor avoid entering our protest against the extreme course pursued by the Manchester Anti-Corn-law League. We have uniformly opposed the Corn-laws, as injurious to the inter ests of all the other classes of the community, and ulti mately to the landowners themselves ; and we, therefore, hailed with the utmost sati,fac'ion the orgabization of the Anti-Corn-law League at Manchester, to combat with effect the monopoly of the Lords of the soil. We have always been of the opinion of Sir Robert Peel, that the prosperity of our agriculture is dependent on the pros 'parity of our manufactures, and we have uniformly con tended that it is the height of absurdity to seek to benefit agriculture by means which paralyse the manufacturing in dustry of the country. It was time that a Legislature in which the landholders have a decided preponderance, and which bas taken such narrow views of the interests of the nation should be made to feel, by the well-directed efforts of the industrious classes, bow intent they were on the abolition of the monopoly. And it is but justice to the Anti. Corn-law League to admit, that hitherto their efforts have been admirably calculated to promote the great object of the Association. The idea of rousing the indifference el the classes beyond the reach of the usual channels of dis cussion; by the appointment of itiaerant lecturers, was moat peculiarly judicious, and the extent of the good effected may be inferred from the rage with which this course of proceeding has inflamed the monopolists. But the proceedings of the League at the Walsall election are sot calculated to flit tiler the great object they have if, view—tha destruction of the corn monopoly, but, on the contrary, by injuring the Liberal cause, tend necessarily to dsfeat that object. Co oppose the monopoly is desirable, but it is not desirable to conduct the opposition io such a manner as to give increase] etrengeb to the partisans of monopoly. It the opponents of tb. Corn-law monopoly were sufficiently strong to Ls able to return only R.epreseu- Mires pledged to the repeal of the Curti I,vs, it would be treason to the cause not to exact such a pledge. But what we complain of is the injudicious attempt to extort such a pledge where this strength is not possessed. In the present state of the representation of this country, it is the height of absurdity to demand that all other popular questions should be sacrificed to the one object of the Anti-Corn law League. This is repeating the mischievous blunder of the Chartists. The Mancheto r utat.efacturers pro tested against the bigotry of the Chartists in 18.39 and last year, when they invite into their public meetings throughout the kingdom, and insieted on an o amen ment," whidi substituted the " five points" of the Char ter for resMitions against the Coin laws. The Anti- CoraAaw Leaguers protest against the Irish advocates of s. Repeal of the Union," who, by pursuieg their " one ilea," excluded the Manchester agitation. How, then, ca n the League justify their own bigotry in hunting out G f Walsall a Liberal candidate, Mr. Spencer j o y ttelton, when they have not the power whit tbei constituency to return a Corn-law Repealer ? By this bigoted and indefensible ostracism the Wanehester gentlemen not only secure the certain i p o t es i] of a Tory, but they defeat their own end, by wing a triumph to a Corn - law monopolist. Mr. Sp encer yttel ton by local family connexion, and t h e cord i al union in his favour of all cla sses of Walsali Lib era l s Lad a fair chan c e o f defeating the Conservative candidate, Mr. Oladstone. His canvass was proceeding favourably, when Manchester deputation put the extreme test to h:m on the ciiscnelaw question. Mr. Lyttelton may have his own modified opi n i ons en the subject, which we und erstan d tire decidedlya and in favour of agai ns t th e mo nopoly, a mode rote"o duty ' • but Walsall is not exc lusivel y a town Coustit!lenee. The Reform Bill, as is well known, in the faoutiditiries which it assigned to the cl;ffcrent boroughs, opened a door to a foreign it:ilium era, which is gradually clustmitag their independerse. The rural houndaries of west of the boroughs are filled with a desalption of voters of the lowest and most dependent description, and Walsall. like so rnany.others, possells4s such a rural boundary, well known as the "foreign." s t i r. Lyttelton may have had much conflicting opiaion to contend with in the canvass of such a mixed constitutsocy. The huntsmen of the Man chester League, rotwithstaoding, run And him to ground, sect; Lyttelton resigns--;;signing, as a prineipalrea son; that he " had to cacounter the avowed hostility ty of t he agents from the Anti Corn-law Leegue_d_epute l to oppose him." The Arai rn law Lit c u t er of yhur, y the official gazette of the L•i,lgue, publ. s l ie d at M attelit: tQi, in the folio sing extract of a pronti..crit leke.in g • • ti c thus I)..:Sat3 of i!s] vem.oit : " LATEST FROM WALSALL. •‘ We announce.] in our last that o s rce,iying the n ew , of * vacancy in the rt•itn...scilt.tt cf ih Council of the League typointed a d-putition neat W 015,1113,9). ton to primed to that borough, to confer with the Anti- Cont. L4* Association there 55 to the measures to be adopted in order to secure the return of a candidate pledged to the abolition of the food monopoly. &lbw queetly. a deputation proceeded from Manchester ; and on Tuesday night Messrs. Walker, Wynne, Kettle, Raw son, Prentice, and Aelatid, as representatives of the Anti- Corn -Law League, met and addressed the electors at a public mooting. " On their arrival they found two candidates in the field, Captain Lyttelton, who bad put forth an address, claiming the support of the Liberal electors, as the nephew of Earl Spencer, hut omitting all allusion to the Corn-taws, and Mr, Gladstone, the brother of the Is m m em ber for Newark, in the Conservative interest. Application was immediately made to Captain Lyttelton fur an explanation of his views upon the Coin-laws ; in reply t o w hi c h , after taking a day to consider, be expressed himself willi ng to vote for inquiry, but would pledge himself to nothing be yond it. A letter was also addressed to Mr. Gladstone, who refused to declare any opinion on the subject. It war then determined that a third candidate should be proposed, favourable to the abolition of the bread-tax. The greatest enthusiasm existed amongst the great body of electors, who received the deputation with heartfelt cordiality, evincing a deep-rooted conviction of the ini quity of the bread-tax. The names of two gentlemen were mentioned at the time of our latest advices, Mr. Scott, the President of the Stourbridge Anti-Corn-law Association, and Mr. Foster, s on o f t h e l ate M e mber, both of whom are known to be favourable to the prin ciple of total repeal. Subsequently Captain Lyttelton formally withdrew hims e lf, an d t h e contest w ill, therefore, be between a consi s t ent a d vocate o f f ree t r ade and the champion of dear b rea d an d monopo ly." Now all this ill-considered and thoughtless procedure rendered the success of Mr. Lyttelton d,tlicult, if not im possible ; but how w ill it serve the one question—the re peal of the Cern-laws? The irruption gentlemen from Manchester were unprepared with a substitute for Mr. Lyttelton. We understand that yesterday a meeting of electors was to be convened to consider of an expedient selection. In the meanwhile Mr. Gladstone, the Tery candidate, " who refused to declare any opinion on the subject" of the Corn laws is left alone in the field, with all the advantages of a :en days' possession and canvass. We cannot understand how the " gentlemen of one idea" are to benefit by this suicidal policy. We repeat that if, by ousting Mr. Lyttelton, they could carry a Liberal Member for Walsall, and a total Repealer, they had a right to play the gam,.. But In a critical period of the common cause, when every seat is of extreme importance to both the great parties in the State, we arc at is loss to understand the grounds for adopting a policy ' which makes almost certain the return, not only of a Tory but of an advocate of the existing Corn-laws. If this suicidal policy is to be pursued in future vacancies, and at a di.solution of the present Par liament, it requires not the spirit of divination to predict that the Liberal interest will be overthrown. By this additi , nal strength the Corn laws, if they do not survive the nineteenth century, may, at all events, live long enough to ruin the industry of the country, and thereby render the monopoly a matter of indifference. We trust that our over- z ,, alous friends of the " League" will benefit by their experience, and that their zeal will be some what more under the direction of wisdom. They are not benefiting, but injuring the cause they .. wish to serve. The friends of Liberal opinions—the op ponents of monopoly—will naturally shrink from as- sociating with narrow-minded bigots who have not the sense to see that exclusive tests ought only to be enforced when times and cireunvtances are favourable. But let us hope the League will see the errors of their ways. Our wis:i is not to gise pain, but to prevent future mistakes. The League must, we should think, on retketion, become sensible end though, perhaps, there is no one question on which enlightened and independent men arc so invariably agreed, as the necessity for repealing the corn monopoly ; yet that the means at their command do not justify the making the repeal a sine qua non at all times and places. The attempt to monopolise public opinion in favour of one question only, to the exclusion of every other, if per. siited in, must be injurious even to that question ; while it inevitaisly leads to the sacrifice of all other subifets of pub lic interest and national importance. (From the Times.) We have received several letters, written with great ability and knowledge of the subject, on the disputed ques tion between Spain and Portugal of the navigation of the Douro, but it appears to us that in all of them the consi. deration has been mainly overlooked that it is now too late to examine what advantages may arise to Spain or detri ment to Portugal from carrying the Treaty between those two countries into effect. All the arguments which have been submitted to us on both sides dwell principally on these two topics, forgetting that they are applicable only to a state of things anterior to the execution of any treaty whatever. Such a treaty was actually concluded more than five years ago, but stopped in its progress by doubts respecting the manner in which some of its provisions were to be carried out. We infer blame to neither party from this delay, which is sufficiently explained by the poli tical agitations in which both nations have participated, so as to render it rather a surprising thing that an interna tional arrangement of a delicate nature like this, bringing necessarily a number of hostile private interests into collision, could have proceeded so far towards com pletion. To return, however, to the question. The dis pute relative to the mode of carrying out certain provisions of the treaty led to the appointment of a mixed commission, composed of Spaniards and Portuguese, to adjust it. After a considerable delay and the preparation of one report, which was sent back to them for emendation, a final re port was agreed upon and presented to the Portuguese Cortes, by whom, as it is understood, it would have been disposed of in one way or other, but for the dissolution of that body, which took place in the latter part of the last month. On this there is a question at issue between the two countries, essentially one of form only, whether the power to confirm this report belonged to the Government or to the Portuguese Legislature. On the side of Spain it is affirmed that the ratification was the affair solely of the Portuguese Government ; but it is contended, and we think satisfactorily established, on the part of Portugal, that under the new constitution this could be legally per formed by the Cortes alone, which the proroga tion of that body prevented their doing, and it is further shown, that the prorogation was no capri cious act of the Government. since the great length of the Session bad caused so great a falling-off in the a•tendance of the members, that it had become difficult to collect the number requisite to transact business. Further it has been stated, that the treaty for the navigation of the Douro would certainly form one of the earliest subjects of consideration on the reassembling of the Cortes in the first week of the present year; but the Spanish Government, impatient of further delay, or distrusting the sincerity of these. representations, threatens immediate hostilities if the treaty is not ratified. Now, it is' obvious that a treaty which has been so long in a course of adjustment could suffer no material detriment by the delay of a few days; and the Spanish Government, by a precipitation for which it is not easy to offer any excuse, have subjected themselves to the imputation of a design to throw Portugal into con fusion, and at all events to pick a quarrel with that country. All the shew of reason therefore that belongs to the Spanish side of the question arises out of the belief that Portugal is insincere in the promise to bring the treaty under consideration as soon as the Cortes shall reassemble. We believe that not only have explicit assurances to that effect been given to the Spanish Government, but that they have been re peated to our Government as one of the strongest o f th e erounds on which interference is solicited. Thus is the question reduced to the narrowest compass possible ; and the belief of the Cabinet of London that Portugal is ready to fulfil the Teaty—that no evasion, no secret sub terfuge, is to be practised, being made known to the Spanish Government, must place them so completely in the wrong, as to dispose of this whole question, if it is to be governed by reason at alt, without difficulty and with out danger. Portugal undoubtedly appears to be well prepared for hostilities, should they be actually resorted to by Spain, and the threat of invasion has had the ex actly contrary effect to that which was intended, by rousing and uniting all parties to meet the insulting menace and its consequences. She does not, how ever, trust to arms for the issue, but appeals to her ancient /try, and asks for mediation. These are the sample elements of this quesfon, so far as Spain, Portugal, and Great Britain are eoncerned. It has , been imagined by a set of reasoners whose uniform (Net t it is, cut of a limited ar.d almost privato quark!, to deduce a general one, which shall gradually involve the whole of Europe, that out of the arrangement of this dis petc new grounds of difference must arise between France a.al Eegland ; but we fully believe that such reasonings {inv.: no foundation of fact to rel .) upon. We understand that the language of M. Guizot, when appealed to on this ssbject, has been exactly that which is in harmony with his character as an enlightened statesman and lover of peace, and that the Representatives in Paris of both the contending parties have been assured by him that France will certainly not in:erfere in this dispute. We may per lisps go wailer, and add that his cordial recom mendation has been offered to the Ministers of both countries to leave the adjustment of this dispute en tirely in the hands of Great Britain, their natural ally and protector. Whether in a private or in a public quarrel, it is one obvious means of bringing about a reconciliation, to divest the matter in dispute of all circumstances that are extraneous, or that do not properly belong to it. This has been our endeavour in the preceding rem irks as applicable to the differences between Spain and Portugal. It has been well said that when people are of one mind, whether to Light or to marry, they are not long in coming to the desired conzlusion. No man can say who does not know the exact animus of the parties how such a case will terminate, but if it should end in an open quarrel, it will be one of the most reckless and unjustifiable wars that ever assisted in the depopulation of mankind. (From the Morning Advertiser.) Time we a rs on, but Tories Wear not in.' Year sue ct eds year, but Tories succeed not to office. In other Cases hope deferred is said to make the heart sick, but with the Tories defeated hope seems only to make expec- . tation more sanguine. Accordingly, with the opening of the new year our ears are assailed with the exulting shout of anticipation, and the Tory organs, unmindful of the failure of all their previous prophecies, demonstrate, as infallibly as Murphy's Abnanach exhibits the state of the weather, that their party must be installed in Downing street before the close of the present year. It is a pitiable elelwion, and one that, like the iynis fatuus which allures the confiding traveller to his destruction, may accelerate the annihilation of those who place trust in it. The Standard, however, evinces a more accurate appreciation of the true baring of its political position, and, with equal frankness and discrimination, makes the following pro. fassion of its faith and its fears ;—" It would be enough, however, for us to know that the Premier's conduct is good as far as England is concerned. We will not rob Lord Palmerston of his just praise by a n y ro fercnce to the foreign policy of the Govercment ; it would be enough—we repeat it—for u.; to know, tha', with whatever motive, Lord Melbourne governs well, to be sat;sfied with his government ; bit when we remember that among the aspirants to his Lord sueee,sion there arc pers o ns, like Lord Ellenbo rough, w h ose f ear of a C o athliequestion' would cause m i the to strangle the Reformation itself ; and when wo further knew that an Ellenborough Ministry would, hi. stead of being, like the present, pressed into the right path, b e pressed from that path, we see abun dant rea son for contentment with things es they are. This feeling is pretty generally the feeling of the country." Such of the Tories as are not goaded on by the lust of office, or blinded by bigotry or party zeal, may discover, like the Standard, " abundant reason for contentment with things as they are ;" for the worst thing that could possibly befal Tory ism would be a Tory majority in the House of Commons. Such an event would prove the defective state of the re- I presentation, and the necessity of further reform in the people's House so provokin g l y conclusive, that the whole nation would, in its own justification, make an efrJrt for its correction to which no leas injurious manifestation could sti mulate it. The present quiescent state of the country is attri. butable, not, as the Standard would intimate, to the "ge • THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 2, 1841. neral feeling" of " contentment with things as they are," but to a difference of opinion as to the grievances to be first redressed, and as to the mode by which all abuses may be most effectually removed. Neither is it, as the Globe would have it believed, by " itinerant incendiaries or resi dent demagogues" that the "discontent of the industrious classes" has been principally excited. The cause of pub lie discontent has its source far deeper than the mere flashes of incendiary declamation. The discontent arises from a burning sense •of wrong, and a strong stimulus from actual physical suffering and privation. Though popular rights have recently attracted a more than ordi nary share of discussion, had the people an adequate provision for their physical wants they would ca-e but little for the assertion of their abstract rights. Tuis indifference to political station is to us rather .a matt‘r of regret than of congratulation—it evinces a low state of mental cultivation, and a brutal attachment to animal indulgence. When, therefore, the Herald pro poses to " correct" Chartism by education, it recom mr the very appFeltion best calculated to give Char tism the faculty of irresistible progression. Such is the opinion of Messrs. Lovett and Collins, to whom the warm est admirers of the Herald will not hesitate to accord the merit of more practical knowledge of Chartism than possessed by the good old lady, who, in reference to Char tism, exclaims, " We cry—' correct it.' Teach men that they are slrnething more than blood and bone and sinew ; consider them not as beasts of burthen, but make them feel the true value, the just dignity of labour. Endow them with self-respect, by inculcating within them the ever lasting truth of Christianity ; compel them, by self-exa mination, to know the great end and purpose of their being ; and such knowledge, be sure of it, will be fruitful of a contented and a peaceful spirit." Teach men but this, and will they for a moment tolerate Toryism ? This is a question whic'i, while it solves the motives of the Tories in resisting education, may furnish the said party ample food for refl:ction before they endeavour to usurp that position from which, before a month, the nation would burl them to irretrievable destruction. FROM THE DAILY PAPERS OF YESTERDAY. (From the Globe.) 6' Eighteen Hundred and Forty-one has commenced its course, with the Whigs in possession of Downing street !" is the dolorous exclamation of the Tory Press. Varying the date, the mortifying truth has been expressed as each new year has dawned, for the last seven revolutions of the sun round our globe. To relieve tine mortification inflicted by the exclusi n from place and power to which they have been doomed, they have sought consolation in predictions of a corning change. The month, the week, the day beyond which it was absolutely impossible !or the Ministers to retain office, was spoken of with as much certainty as if it had been m ade matter of special revelation. It is true that the Tories strenuously laboured to fulfil their own predictions. With a perseverance unequalled in the history of Opposition, they have attacked, ob structed, assailed, and maligned the measures of Govern ment, even at the risk of their own ruin as a party ; exhibiting the novel spectacle of the leaders in one House attacking with vehemence, as deserving of the rejection and condemnation of Parliament, the very measures which, in the other House, were pronounced the most politic that could be adopted under the cir cumstances to which they were applied. Thus stul tifying their own proceedings, and in the blindness of their party violence presenting the humiliating spectacle of a party panting for office, yet avowedly at logger heads among themselves : the very men who would constitute the to-be-formed Cabinet, like a rope of sand —without agreement on the most important measures of Foreign, Colonial, and Domestic Policy, on which they must have been called upon to legistate had they been in office ; and differing on which as a Government, as they did differ as an Opposition, they must inevitably have fallen asunder by the force of their own dissen sions, even though no pressure from without had put their internal weakness to the proof. Such is the condi tion of the great Tory party at this moment. (From the Standard.) It cannot be doubted that the feeling which caused a few Radicals at Walsall, to throw themselves upon the wretched Anti Corn-law League for help, and the antagonist feeling which reduced the suppliants to a number so contemptible—it cannot be, but that this R idical despair and this Conservative confidence prevail in other boroughs, circumstanced like Wal sall ; and these are the boroughs which have hitherto furnished the strongholds of the Ministerial party. This happy change, mark, is not the work of great men and rich men ; it is the effect of, first, and immeasurably before all other causes, the improved efficiency of the Church ; next, of the honest exertions of the despised and insulted Conser vative Press, which, under every positive and nega tive affront and injury, has laboured to preserve the aristocracy and gentry, in spite of themselves, or, to speak more justly, in spite of some of their leaders. If any one wants to know whether the hangers-on upon political leaders on the independent press have made converts to Conservative principles, we can furnish him with an easy test ; let him go to one of those hangers on, and ask " What kind of Ministry do you wish for ?" " Oh, a Conservative Ministry, to be sure ; but then we must have none of your impracticables—none of your men who will yield nothing, who will always speak what they think, who will even confess what all the world be side practises, without confessing : none, in short, of your Dukes of —,er Lords —, or Sir —, or Mr. ;" we leave blanks, to be filled up by the hangers on. Go next to the honest Conservative of the work ing class—who is a Conservative by the exercise of his understanding unbiassed by a hope of private gain —ask him the same question proposed for the hangers-on, and you will hear something different from the scoun drel cant of the latter. " What sort of Ministry do you wish ?" " A Conservative Ministry without doubt—but an honest one. A Ministry, if you please, of all impraclicables—of men that will never yield anything, because they will never refuse anything which they ought not on principle to defend, and must not in any case compromise with prin ciple. In other words, a Ministry whose resolutions are liberal and moderate, but immoveable—a Ministry which will not dispute a matter three years, and in the fourth slip over to the adversary, leaving all who followed it to flounder in the dirt through which they are dragged—a Ministry, in short, composed of men who will say what they think, and avow what they do. Such a Ministry and such a Mi nistry only is worthy to direct the destinies of a nation of true-hearted men." This is the way in which the Conservatives of the middle and working classes reason, and this is a manner of reasoning which they certainly have not learned from the bangers on or official expectauts, but from the honest Conserva tive Press. The meaner aspirants to place of course nar row to the utmost the sphere of competition ; and this they do compendiously enough by the exclusion, as " impracticable," of all honest uncompromising men ; and in this they have naturally the aid of the enemy, who hate and fear such men, and such men only, and rejoice to see them _ displaced from the proper station of guidance. All this, however, will not do. The people will prevail, and the people will have a potential voice in the selection of their Ministers. Why do we rejoice in this, and why is our journal " the most democratical journal in existence?" Because we believe that the destinies of England are the highest and noblest that were ever allotted to a nation, and be cause we see that the people, by whom this glorious future is worked out, too often under discouragement by the hostility or defection of its choseu leaders, is unlike any people that ever lived. (From the Courier.) We have read with some interest " the Report of the Sub-Committee of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway Directors on matters of interest in reference to the proposed railway conference." As the Liverpool and Manchester Railway Company has bad more experience, from the greater length of time that line has been constructed, than any other, everything that emanates from its management is entitled to consider ation, and still more so from the acknowledged ability of Mr. Booth. We cannot, however, admit that all the late accidents have been attributable to any of the three causes enumerated in the Sub-Committee's Report ; for instance, that (the most serious of any) which occurred on the Hull and Selby line, three on the North Mid land, and the late accident on the Birmingham and Derby junction line ; each of which arose from want of proper precautions on the part of those in charge of the line itself, either by themselves or the contrac tors they employ. Regular signals on each side of every station to prevent trains coming in on one another —a good and well-placed light in the front and rear of every night train—and a blue light for ac cident or necessity—would meet all the purpose for the due care and protection of the passengers. We still think, as we have before stated, that a sub-enginemen should be employed on every engine, under the regular driver, and a superior man to the fireman. We doubt the probability of making, as a general rule, the class of men who are employed as stokers into such enginemen as the public look for. Three men in the charge and working of an engine add tender, particelarly if the tender has a break, cannot be too much ; and the trifling additional expense of a junior engineman on the working engines, would be more than compensated for, by having always ready a young and yet experienced man, to fill any vacancy. BYRON AND SIIAKSPEARE.—Byron has created for his nietnory an enviable fellowship with that of Shzkspeare in the minds of at least all the compatriots of both, who wander through Venice ; for the attention is continually drawn from the historical recollections of the place, to the associations awakened by both these poets One feels as if Venice could net be strange ground to us, who from infancy have learned to know its whereabouts from the immortal bard, who with, as it were, an intuitive knowledge of the place, its manners and customs, has im bued our minds with them, and rendered this City of the Sea familiar as our household names to us. I could no more pass the Rislto without thinking of Sbakspeare, than I could see the Bridge of Sighs without remembering Byron,—Lady Blessinyton's Idler in Italy, Vol. 111. - - - - Mr. Charles Kemble is so much improved in health that the most sanguine expectations are now enter tained that he will be restored to his friends. Mr. Liston, the eminent surgeon, attends him daily, and is satisfied with the very great improvement which his patient has ex perienced in the last few days. His daughter, Mrs. Butler, is constantly with him, EXCISE ON TOBACCO. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sirt,—ln consequence of the remav4l of the survey upon tobacco which came into operation on the sth of July, 1840, I bog to oiler to your notice a few reitarks from personal exporlnce of the effect such an alteration has, and will have upon the revenue, which that commo dity has, for some time yielded to this country ; confining my observatiohs more particularly to the districts cf Lan cashire, Yorkshire, and the surrounding counties. Ia( ea scarcely tell you that an allowance of Blbs per cent., wan the former law, and that at present the trade is thrown open, leaving manufacturers to make as much weight as t'tey possibly can without any Excise restriction whatever From the year 1835 to 1840, the trade averaged an in crease of 20 or 25 per cent., disposing of the increase without permit in the best way they could, by evading the vigilance of the surveying officers ; and at which time several small quantities of smuggled tobacco was offered in this neighbourhood, owing to the difficulty which was experienced by manufacturers in disposing of their own increased weight. Since the removal of the survey, the average of 1001bs. of Kentucky stems, produces from 150:bs. to 160Ibs. of manufactured tobacco ; I further beg to declare that, Negroheal, Cavendish, Dutch, Canaster, foreign Pigtail, and various other illegal qualities, are now, selling in these districts at 61 and 2a. Bd. per lb., which never pail any duty whatever : and that smuggled leaf (for the purpose of making cigars.) is transported from one place to arm her with pet feet indiff.•rence. I feel confident that such a state of circumstances cannot be known to the Chancellor of the Exchequer, yet I assure you Mr. Editor, such is the present state of things in this part of the country; there is not, I am sure, an article of excisable commodity which requires the atten tion of Government mare than tobacco—an article 01 luxury, and therefore demanding a strict survey, provided the expenses do not exceed the difference collected, which in my opinion would not be one-twentieth part. The reasons why a strict survey is necessary, cannot be trespassed upon the columns of a Newspaper ; I must, therefore, close the sulject, assuring you that the last Act of Parliannnt upon this important article has been, and will continue to be, an immense drawback upon the finan cial exigencies of the State. Time will show I em, Sir, respectfully yours, Manchester, Dec. 31. OBSERVER. WALSALL ELECTION. DR. BOWRING AND JOHN SMITH, ESQ., TIIE NEW CANDIDATES FOR WALSALL. BIRMINGHAM, FRIDAI NIGHT.-Mr. Acland, the able awl eloquent Corn-law Lecturer, who announced himself as candidate elect for the representation of this borough, should no other individual be found to offer himself, h,,s resolved to decline in favour of Dr. Bowring and John B. Smith, Esq., Chairman, Szc., of the Anti-Corn.law League. Mr. Acland has published ar, address, in which he announces that he will resign his pretensions on Satur day ( this day), and adds " John Bowring, Esq., LL.D., whose parliamentary conduct and experience, and whose talent and literary reputation, are sach as to render eulo glum needless, has been applied to by the Council of the League, and is hourly expected to consant to offer himself; but so anxious and determined 'are the gentlemen of the League to redeem our pledge, that all suspense shall now speedily terminate; and so well-founded and earnest is our assurance concerning Dr. Bowring, that if from any unforeseen circumstances the Learned Gentleman should disappoint our expectations, John Benjamin Smith, E,q., one of her Majesty's Justices of the Peace for the county of Lancaster, President of the National Anti-Corn-law League, and President of the Manchester Chamber of Commerce, will, under every disadvantage of not having Leen prepafed for such an undertaking, himself become your candidate. " In or der yet further to appease and satisfy you, I have the honour to nuounee that Mr. Smith will positively be here to-morrow, prepared with Dr. Bowring's decision, and to offer either that gentleman or himself to the electors of Walsall, as that decision may dictate." WEST INDIES. FALMnUTTI THr I RSDAY 'MORNING. rt. r Majesty's packet i)114/1, Licut. Cioki..r, has er rived from the West Indies. Our advices are ischted, u fortunately. owing to this vessel's coming in pri .r to ho return of the preceding packet, the Pigeon, selich embarked hence the mails of Oct. 1, Ln 1 we apprehend left Cape Henri for this port, three days before the Ty rian. The dates furnished are from Jamaica, Oct. 27, Cape Henri (St. Domingo) Dec. 1. Intelligence had been received at Jamaica, via Boston, from London, to Oct. 20th, before the Tyrian's mails of the 15th were received there, affording an ad&- tional practical evidence of the advantages of a scam communication. The barque Brilliant, from Liver pool to Kingston, struck on a rocky reef adjoining Carlisle B ay, on November 191. h. The weather being fortunately eArn, however, and several small craft having been des patched from Kingston to lighten her, there was every probability of her being got off. Some correspondence had appeared in the Jamaica papers on the propriety of the local Legislature causing a portion of its immigration fund to be expended in the introduction of camels es x d:!sAe ri%tum for the abridgment of the necessity of manual la bour : all parties appeared to believe and feel that imn.c diate ultra means were required to he in operation to nihin tain the well-being of the island and of their own individual interests. The House of Assembly had been engaged in discussing several questions ; the following are among the bills which hal been introduced. An Amendment Bill for the Re gulation of Banks not Incorporated; Rum Duty Bill; Pilotage and Quarantine Regulation Bills. The Militia Bill : its provisions do not extend to the affecting of any commissions already held, while the men already enrolled are held liable to serve for three years ; there arc no less than 90 clauses in this Bill ; the police, quit-rent, election law, and clergy law amendments, punishment of perjury,ex tension of the p iwers of Justices, cruelty to animals, re • gistry of fire-arms, and a host of others. COOL were to be distributed among the sufferers by the late fire at Mon. tego. The Directors of the Planters' Bank had prayed for an Act of Incorporation. A memorial from both sec tions of the Legislature had been prepared, praying her Majesty for the remission of the Jamaica lean. But, per haps, the most important of the legislative proceedings, in c'brineetion with the mother country, is a proposed Act on export and import duty. The general sentiment on this measure appeared to be that no additional charge on ex ports should be made ; but, on imports of all luxuries, and all wearing apparel, an additional per centage might ad vantageously be rut on to provide a revenue to meet the public. exigencies. The intelligence from the other islands is satisfactory on the whole ; on some properties the coloured population► work well, but from others doleful complaints arc received. Freight per Tyrian, 105,000 dollars more or less. The American ship Ontario passed up Channel yesterday. —Morning Herald. GERMANY. FRANKFCRT, DEC. 27.—Notwithstanding the severity of the cold, and the festivities of the season, all is here in mo tion. The Upper Rhine is quite closed, so that it is passed on foot, aad the bridges are every where broken up between Manheim and Cologne. On the 16th and 17th inst. the thermometer marked, even here, 15 degrees of Reamur or two degrees below the freezing point of Faren heit's thermometer. In Stuttgard they had 17 degrees, and at Munich, in the night, 19 degrees. Still you see nothing but drilling of troops and breaking in of horses for the cavalry and artillery. At Ludwigsburg the pre parations are advancing rapidly, and by the secoed week in February the troops are to be ready to march. What the immediate object of these ar maments is, remains veiled in mystery, and the German Papers are not even allowed to conjecture their extent. The Bavarian Government has of dered 248 iron guns to be c .st at Liege, in addition to 150 battery pieces, which have been sent from thence for the fortresses of Ingold stadt and Germersheim. The latter fortress and Landau are the only checks upon Strasburg and the Upper Rhine, for which reason Rastadt will be immediately fortified ; and some of the Austrian engineers, who constructed the recently finished works in the passes of the Tirol, will be employed to direct the operations. General Bangold, who attended the military consultations at Carlsruhe, will, it is said, become Minister of War at Stutgardt. The dis cussions which the French papers contain respecting a supposed slight offered to the Frankfort Diet by the non communication of the Treaty of London, dare not, of course, be attended to even to be refuted. I believe that the measures now taking arc the result of a line of policy which Austria and Prussia have determined upon adopt ing, and which the smaller German States are obliged to coincide with, although their own desires tend rather to wards peace. It is, however, certain that but one opinion prevails throughout Germany respecting the prudence of of coming to a full and clear understanding with France in the speediest possible manner, and thus Austria and Prussia find no difficulty in inducing the other States to make common cause with them. HAMBURG BOIOENHALLE, DEC. 24, Bills. Alnier Austrian 5 per Cents. ... lO-1 103% Bank Shares A n!, lo. Russian Loan l(Xi 10.1% Russian 5 per Ceut. Ist series, Ccatificate Inscription, Ist SeliPS lO3 Russian 5 per Cent. Dopa and Co. 3d and 4th Series 96% Ditto in Certificates Dutch Actual Debt, 2ly pe Cent 4S% 48% Ditto' 5 per Cent — - Polish Bonds New ticket Anglo-Danish Loan, 3 per Co!. Norwegian Loan, 1831, 4 per Cen:..., Spanish, New 3 per Cents. .... eXCLIANGE% ON LONDON. STOCKHOLM, DEC, 18 —Seventy-five days, I 1 58. I.6IPSIC, DEC, 21.—Two nio ths, 6. 11%. ALKI.Iff, DEC. :14. -Three months, 6. 164., - .. PETERSOUHOH, DEC. 1g -Two months, 39% pence Ll.O YD'S SIIIPPIN G.-(THIS DAY.) LONDON, JAN. 2.—Wind this day at noon, light airs from N N. W., and with fiao mild clear weather. DEAL, JAN. I.—Wind W. by S., light.—Arrived the Nautilus, Mackwood, Monte Video ; Qaebec, Living stone, Dalhousie ; Essox, Virginia ; Isabella, Blyth, Mau ritius ; Douglas, Douglas, Montreal ; Endymion, Wheat 'eye, Quebec ; Ottawa, Chapman, ditto ; Outario, Bra dish, New Yoik ; Barbara, Gordon, Quebec. Sailed the Greyhound, Hutchinson, for China ; Circassian, Tatchell, Lima ; Britannia, East, Barbadoes. LIVERPOOL, JAN. 1.--Wiud N. W., fresh.—Arrived the Mary Ann, Webb, from Calcutta; Hellen Hamilton, Nichol, Maracaibo, sailed, Nov. 1 ; Diadem, Mitchell, Jamaica, sailed Nov. 2; Catarique, Quebec; Erin-go-Bragh, Simpson, ditto ; Mersey, ditto ; Robert Watson, ditto; Courier, Montreal ; Margaret, St. John's, New Bruns wick ; Ann Rankin, Mirimichi ; Europe, Marshall, New York ; Leopard, New Orleans ; William Rathbone, Davis, Bonny ; Commerce, ditto. Off port William, Terceira ; Ann, Hine, from Wicklow to this port, was driven on shore on West Hoyle, 30th ult., crew saved. The J. P. Dobree was to sail from Black River, Jamaica, Nov. 19, fur this port. . . _ CORK: DEC. 25.—Arrived the Vistula, from Quebec DEAL, JAN.l.—The Australia, Thompson, of Alloa, being waterlogged, was abandoned in let. 45, lon. 54 crew saved by the Ottawa, Chapman, arrived in the Downs. PonTsuoorm, JAN. 1.-. Wind W. N. W., fresh breezes. —Sailed the George the Fourth, Ward, for Calcutta, and brought up at St. Helens. SOUTHAMPTON, JAN. 1 —Arrived the Lloyd's, Bland ford, from Quebec. CUW KS, JAN. I.—Arrived the Francis Jeffrey, Block, from Riu Janeiro; Crescent, Domaille, Rio Jlileire; Rhode Island, Binger, Virginia; New York, Wachter, N.:w York. DOVER, JAN. L.... Arrived the Constitution, Peabody, from New Orleans; British Empire, Seatly, Quebec. Bats Tot., JAN. L—Arrivcd the Emanuel, Pearson, from Q ue bec ; Ann Eliza Jane, Craw, Quebec; Bolivar, Tay lor, Quebec; Sir F. B. Head, Revely, Quebec; Thomas Worthington, Wakebam, Quebec; Wellington, Mirami chi ; Lorely Sally, Busbell, Newfoundland; Hope, New fount la .d. GLOUCESTER, JAN. I.—Arrived the William Duke, Per. riman, from Xabia. CORK, DEC. 30-- Arrived the Lady Turner, Harvey, from Newfoundland. Off port, Oporto, Spiers, Nassau; Mary Ann Henderson, Ewing, Monte Video. The Ganges, arrived here from Quebec, passed on the 25th instant, a vessel's bowsprit, &C., app,,rently of a vessel of about 200 tons, painted black, and at the end an iron crane instead of a heart. The Lady Turner, arrived here from New foundland, passed on the 16th instant, in lat. 54, lon. 23 a ship of about 400 tons, lower masts standing, main and m;z.n topmasts alongside ; she had a poop and top-gallant forecastle ; there were tents in the tops, and appeared to have been but lately abandoned ; was painted weer' in side, had brass capstan, and mahogany doors, with name and paint outside washed o ff SWANSEA, DEC. 3i_ ived Hortensia, Storey, Cuba. MILFORD, Ds.e. 31. Arrived the Pembroke Castle, S:anbury, from Q nk e; Al p h a , John, Dalhousie. KINGSTOWN, DEC. 31. Arrived the Dove, Woodburn, tom Sc. John's, New Brunswick. LOWESTOFFE, JAN. 1.--The Pioneer, of Cork, has Leen assived into this harbou r , stove, having been i n contact w i t h a laden vessel, off Orfordoess. with loss of bowsprit arid bow VESSELS SPOKEN WITH,.—.Tbe Mary Ann, Webb, Cal. cutta to Liverpool, supplied with provisions, 23d ultimo, lat. 47, lon. 10; George, Newfoundland fi to ye P: a o r l r e i , ve 2 d B' a l: lat. 50, lon. 10, by the Flora, M'Farden, arrived at Liver pool. Oxford, Liverpool to New York ; Algonian, Liver raoto.lstlo, Philadelphia ; ion.2,by til l : i olnn e d e e e p , en P d ic e t n o c u e, to Dublin, 24th, Liverpool. Union, Demerara to Liverpool, 19th, in sound hip, by the Johnstone, arrived at Liverpool. Germania, of Bremen, 12th, lat. so, lon. 5; Elizabeth, London t o Berbice, 19th ; D e f ender, Sunderland to Quebec, 10th Nov., by the Ana, Crossman, arrived at Scilly. GREECE. ATHENS, DEC. G.—You have frequently exposed the horrible system of torture practised by King Otho's janis sides. I beg of you, in the cause of humanity, to pub. lisp the accompanying translation of a leading article in the Mine; va, the principal Greek Journal, which appeared at the time when the Ottoman Panajotti was tortured, which has never been contradicted:— THE RENEWAL OF TORTURE IN OUR COUNTRY. " ATIIENS, SEPT. 24 (OcT. 1840.—The Greeks recollect the tortures which they suffered under the Turkish Government, and established, so soon as they bad liberated themselves from the yoke of tyranny, as the first stone of their social edifice, the prohibition of torture as a means of inquisition. I-I )wever we may consider the prolonged im prisonments previous to triai as torture, the above is the foundation of cur penal code and penal procedure. " However it may be, society now looks upon this prin ciple as sacred, and none whatever of the civil and military servants ()lithe State can, by our laws, make use of torture in our country against any individual whatever,living under the said laws. " The public remembers with what horror it heard the tortures practised in Lamia by M. Tzinos, and which the poor tortured victims set forth in memorials to the King, in whose heart it made such an impression that he showed the greatest indignation at such illegal practices. " However, it appears that others, encouraged by the apathy and indifference of our Ministers, whose duty it was to act with vigour for the cessation of this evil, have prac tised, and still practise, tortures on citizens. They did use did tortures during the past winter also in the capital, which were noticed at the time in this paper. " If we give credence to what is reported, certain of the gendarmes use also, elsewhere, this illegal and horrid means in their examinations, all which has been repre• sented by the sufferers to the proper Secretary of State ; Lut in this, as in everything almost, the respective Minis ters are deaf and unmoved by the just cries and prayers of these individuals. " Before the arrival of M. Tzinos as Mi• argue, such tortures, at any rate, were not heard of in our city.iSince his arrival, however, we have heard to what tortures has been subjected the servant of a certain plundered person. " It is true that this servant was tortured by a man of the police outside the town ; but no one has doubted that such an inhuman deed would be committed by any other Mirarque. The tribunal, indeed, condemned the torturer ; but as his instigators remained unpunished, the torturer re ceived the Royal pardon, justified on the ground that he was so ordered to act. " But the evil did not stop here. This said Mirarque Tzinos dared publicly to beat M. Krinon ; and certain of his subaltern's have beaten, and daily beat the citizens without the least regard. In the presence of the French Charge d'Affaires,the gendarmes beat citizens, because they were met on the road at night. A newly-arrived tailor was beaten so badly without any reason, that he had to be attended by a surgeon for several days to cure his wounds. Another citizen, n horn the gendarmes had unjustly arrested, was beaten by the Mirarque himself, without even asking if he had committed any fault—this citizen being arrested for the sole offence of having seen the gendarmes beating with sticks a drunken citizen, and and of asking ' Why do you beat him ?' All these events have occurred in our city ; and the Government, or M Rosner (commander of the gendarmes), shuts his eyes, or is indifferent in this as he is in other matters. " In the midst of these seem a a foreigner of our religion came to our office, and narrated as follows : "• I was,' said Le, 'servant of such an one. This per son had left his house to go to Macropolis, win re after wards his wife sent me to tell him that the money which he had but in his taunk was not there, and to ask him by me if be himself had taken it. I went to the said villaf/e and found him, and said as his wife had directed. He heard me with indifference, and when he had finished his business we returned together to this city. " On a sudden I learnt that the money had been plun dered from the trunk ; and, in a short time, I saw that I as considered the thief ; I etas examined twice ; I pro tested my innocence, but this protest did not convince them of my innocence. I was taken to the police ; the police examined Inc ; but when they could not conceive even suspicions against me, they set me at liberty, telling me to return to the house of my master. I attended to their orders ; I returned to the house, and on a sudden was de livered over to the gendarmerie. '` These gendarmes began to examine me, and to threaten me ; but when they could not discover anything they began to use tortures. And first they put ma on thumbscrews, and tightened them so much, that they sa.ry nearly broke the bones. They tor tired roe so for seine hours, but could not find me guilty. After these tortures, they bound my hands and feet behind my back ; they drew them together, so that I was bent like a porcupine, and threw me into the barracks ; saying, that until I con fessed what I had done with the money, they would not let me loose. Two days I was thus bound, so that the cords began to make wounds in my flesh, as you will see here by my leg (showing us at the come time a wound in the leg). "' The police, it appears, was not entirely uninformed of what was going on, for in the meantime they sent and demanded me from the Mirarque, and again sent me to tl.e house of my - master, who again delivered me to the tortures of the gendarmes, who, as soon as I arrived, sus pended me head downwards, and kept me almost three days bound, without food or even water. At last, on the third day, M. l'zinos came, and ordered them to give me bread and water. The next day they sent me again to the police, from whence I escaped to the Turkish einbasy, demanding the protection of my Minister. ' "' M Mousouri (he continued to tell us) examined me, sent for a medical man, who undertook my cure, and or dered that I should be attended to until I should ba re covered ; and it is only a few days since I became myself iigain, and can walk without pain ; and as I learnt that .) on write a newspaper, I have come to relate what they have done to me, that you may publish it to the world; which will know that in this city of Athena there are to be found inquisitorial tortures, that there are prisons of disdanio, and, worse than all, there are bosdekis ." " Here our co-legionist finished his relation ; and, since have learnt that M. Mousouri has made known all this to our Government, and demands, not only satisfaction fur the inhumanity with which a subject of his Court had been treated, but also guarantees for the personal security of Ottoman subjects residing in the Greek State. " Great honour indeed to our Government !--so fallen as to be called on to respect the duties of philanthropy also by a Turkish Minister. In the meantime vie do not knOw what may be the satisfaction that will be given to the Turkish Minister f , r the inhumanity and cruelty com mitted by some of our gendarmes to an Ottoman subject, nor what may be the guarantee for personal safety of Ottoman Slibketi. S 3 much, however, we know, that when the Government allows such deeds to be committed under its own eyes, we do not see what security we our selves can have. " M. Tcocari seems to have considered it necessary to bring M. Tzinos amongst us to prepare us for the knout, and M. Rosner laughs in his sleeve, seeing his subalterns beating the Greeks, because th ey h ave been v i ct i ms i n flatly ways to establish the throne of his command, and because they are still victims to provide, not only the high. salaries of his office, but the means of their tortures. And, certainly, if M. 'Tinos was not protected by his sup,tiors, he would not dale to stigmatise our society with this his conduct, nor would he remain unpunished for the general ruin he is prepa.ing for it. " M. Tzinos was accused by M. Krinon, but his pro. t-ectors willed that he should be saved from the hand of jii:itice. So that whilst a direct law subjects the gen u'draleric to the regular tribunal for their crimes and of fences, these have willed that this law should become a (lead letter. The affair went before the areopage which sent M. Tzinos before the regular tribunal to be tried, but up to this day what King's Procureur has called him before the Correctional Police? We fear that, even after the de cision of the areopage, M. Tzinos will escape judgment, and for this he little cares if tribunals exist or not. But can tranquillity and security be established amcngat us by such means? Our Ministers must pardon us, at least, for suspecting from this and other circumstances that there exists a purpose of dissolving the bonds of society ; that this purpose, either knowingly or ignorantly, they faith fully serve. To us, therefore, nothing remains but to pray for the aid of our God, who graciously hat often before saved Greece, to save it again from the bands of our pre, t-tv. Ministry, frrm such !nen as Tzinos, and from the ~icfs COWES, ISLE OF WIGHT. (FRost OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT ) JANUARY 1. —Arrived the ship Crescent, John Domaille, fro n Rio Janeiro to Cowes, for orders ; with coffee. The blrqiie Rhode Island, C. Burgess, from Virginia to Cowes, for orders ; cargo tobacco. The Bremen barque, Now York, John Wachton, from New York ; cargo tobacco, oil and rum, for Bremen. Two other Bremen barques coming up. The frost, which has been very severe in the Isle of Wight, since the night of the 14th of December, broke up on the evening of the 30th, and has been followed by a fine thaw without rain, which continues, (Jan. 1), the barometer being at 29.80, wind, West. THE CHARTISTS AT NORWICH. Three of the Chartists, who have of late been most con spicuous, namely, Messrs. Dover, Hewitt, and Pain, gaited this week upon the Mayor to present a memorial which they stated was signed by 140 rate-paying in habitants, requesting the use of St. Andrew's Hall 'or the purpose of meeting their friends, and " publicly discussing the propriety of memorializing her Majesty for the imme diate liberation of all political offenders." The Cltief Magistrate, not considering that the Hall was required by ti.e memorialists for a legitimate object, declined comply. ing with their request, and we are sure the respectable portion of our fellow-citizens will approve of Mr. Edward Willett's determination that the venerable old Hall shall not be again disgraced by such scenes as have been enacted under the guidance of the Chartists. The Chartists are parading the city this morning with flags and banners, and a band of music, the procession being partly in mourning - . They are perhaps 400 or 500 strong, a great portion of whom are boys and women. The fol lowing notice has been circulated in the city for the last few s, which marks the course of the procession : " Attend I attend I ! attend ! the meeting on New Year's day, and show your sympathy for the true sons of liberty. The procession will start at half-past nine o'clock in the morning from St. Paul's Plain, and proceed by Pea cock-street, St. Edmund's, &e. to the Market-place, where he friends of the incarcerated victims will lay before you the circumstances by which they are surrounded. Gentlemen from distant parts of England are expected to address you." At the time of going to press they had arrived :n the Mark, t-place, where they are haranguing eac 7 2 other. Mr. Dover is amongst the leaders, and there are said to be some btrangers arrived, many of whom, with flags and banners, are from Yarrnouth.—Norwich Gazette. THE HON. COL. MOLYNEUX AND THE POLICE. In consequence of the complaint of Colonel Molyneux to the Magistrates of Norwich, that the policema►: in that borough did not salute the officers in her Majesty's s:?rvlce, the Magistrates thought right to forward the following letter to the Home Office : Norwich, 21st December, 1940. My Lord,—Colonel Molyneux, of the Bth Regiment of Hussars, now quartered in the Barracks of this city, has complained to the Mayor and Magistrates that the men of the police force in the city do not salute, or cap, the mili tary officers in the same manner as private• in the army, and alleges that the metropolitan police force, and the men of the rural police force, have instructions to salute on all occasions in the manner required by the Colonel. The Mayor and Magistrates are desirous of testifying all courtesy to the officers of the army, but the police force are, in virtue of the Municipal Corporations Act, under the management of the Watch Committee, who think that no formal order or regulation should be entered on the books of the police force, making it punishable in the men not to salute the military, but that they should be in formed it is expected they will behave respectfully to all classes. I am directed by the Mayor and Magistrates to ask the favour of your Lordship to inform them whether it is a re gulation required by the Home Office, that the police con stables should salute the officers cf the army (being igno rant that such a rule existed), in order that they may if necessary communicate with the Watch Committee on the subject. The Colonel states that unless the men are ordered to salute, he shall make a report thereof to his superiors at the Horse Guards. I have the honour to be, your Lordship's most obedien servant, _ _ _ JOHN R. STAFF, Town Cle,k. To the Right lion. the Marquis of Normanby, &c. &c. To this application the following answer has been re. ccived : Whitehall, Dec. 26, 1840. Sir—l am directed by the Marquis of Normanby to ac knowledge the receipt of your letter of the 21st inst., and, i►i reply to the inquiry of the Mayor and Magistrates of Norwich, to inform you, that the Metropolitan Police con stables have no orders to salute military of f icers, and that it is not the practice of that force to do so. I am also to inform you, that no such order has been made by the Secretary of State with respect to the officers appointed under the County Constables Act, or the Me. tropolitan Pulice Act. I am, Sir, your obedient servant, S. M. PIIILLIPS. John R. Staff, E.A., Town Clerk, Norwich. The Nlayor instantly forwarded a copy to Colonel Mo lyneux. EXPULSION OF ANOTHER MA- NUFACTURING PROCESS. Those of our readers who are connected with the cotton trade are aware, that in order to render cotton yarn fit for the process of wearing, after it has been made into the warp, it is indispensable that it should be boiled, to expel any latent impurity, and afterwards immersed in a solution of the finest flour in a fermented state—a process which is called sizing. The foreign merchants have been accustomed to take from this market large quantities of sized warps, ready for the weaver to put into his loom ; but latterly the sizing process has been cut off, the foreign manufacturers having discovered that there was a large saving betwixt the use of the bread taxed flour of this country and the untaxed flour of the Continent. Warps arc, therefore, now exported in an unsized state. Thus the English food taxers, after having almost expelled the weaving trade, and given the few remaining hand-loom weavers the boon of dear bread and low wages, and thrown this starved and distressed body of respectable artisans upon the Legislature for compassionate inquiry, have now proceeded to deprive the sizers of employment also, leav ing in our hands the present profitless trade of spinning, until they shall became able to take up that also, the only advantages now accruing from this branch of business being the brokerages upon buying and selling, and the profits to our carrying conveyances across the country from the Mer sey to the Humber; but we must except the unrighteous and,perhap;, transient benefit derived by our monopol;zing landowners, in their exactions from, and almost total ab sorptions of, the wages of labour. Some idea may be formed of the amount of gain to the foreign manufacturer by avoiding the use of our Corn law flour, !rein the fact that, in one small concern alone, which has been established upon the Continent for the purpose of sizing English warps, an avowed saving has thus been effected of up cards of 1,000/. per vear.—Labourers ! Spinners ! look out !—Anti.Corh-law CHARTIST MEE'fING IN BIR MINGHAM. BIRMINGHAM, FRIDAY. --.The Birmingham Chartists have celebrated the first day of the new year by making a " dlrnonstration" at Holloway Head, for the purpose of adopting, a petition to Parliament in favour of Frost, Junes, and Williams. There was a large posse of police in readiness, should their services be required during the day ; and a good many of them were recognised dressed in plain clothes amongst the crowd. There was nothing, however, to jus tify the extensive preparations made by the Government Commissioner, who has had little to do beyond the catch ing of a pickpocket during the last twelve months, and who, doubtless, looked forward with riot a little anxiety for an opportunity of displaying his zeal and the utility of the force. The meeting consisted of about one thousand persons, men, women, and children, and they conducted them selves well throughout the day. M ANA-14 EST E ti—DEc. 31. POOR LAW UNION —The voting papers for the election of Guardians were distributed on Monday, and collected )esterday. Although between 200 and 300 nominations had been sent in, and the number of Guardians to be elected was only 13, there was no serious opposition, the bulk of the respectable rate-payers acceding to the recommenda tion of the Churchwardens and Overseers, to vote for a list comprising gentlemen of all parties. There is no doubt those gentl emen are e l ecte d , b ut t h e result will not he finally known till to-morrow or Saturday. PRINCE LOUIS NAPOLEON BONA PARTE TO LORD DUDLEY STUART. The followin g letter addressed by Prince Louis Na pol• nto Lord Dudley C. Stuart will probably int erest our readers. It records an act of generosity on the Prince's part, and shows a disposition to alleviate as much as lays in his power the misery which his ambition Lai entailed upon one of his humblest and most ignorant followers. It proves also that Louis Philippe is equal') generous, as he allows his prisoner to correspond with his friends, and even to make use of his pecuniary re. sources : My dear Lord Dudley —Knoxing the interest which you feel for the Poles, I request that you will be my sn terpreter with the person named V. W., living in Dukc.. street, St. James's, and whose leg was amputated in con sequence of wounds received at Boulogne. I sent him provisionally one thousand francs ; but I should wish to grant him a mall pension until he finds himself in a Atua non to get employment. I beg you to state, therefore, how I am to transmit the money to him, and whether he has really forfeited his allowance as a refugee. In both cases say what I ought to give him, " I ask your pardon, my dear Lord Dudley, for the trouble I give you, and I beg that you will receive the as surance of my distinguished sentiments. (Signed) " NAPOLEON LOUIS B," MALTA, DEC. 17.—The Britannia, 120, Captain Drake, with the flag of Rear-Admiral Sir P. A. Omrnanney, and the Howe, 12(), Captain Sir W. 0. Pell, arrived off the great harbour last night from England. Owing to a strong head-wind they did not enter the har bour till this morning. P. S.—lbrahim Paella, I hear, h d arrived with his army (reported 30,000 or 40,000 strong) at Goza, so it is clear Mehemet Ali sent orders for evacu ating Syria before Napier's Convention, EVENING COURT CIRCULAR. IVlNDsort< and Prirce bert walketi on the terrace and slopes this but the unfavourable weather in the afternoon p re vented her Majesty and his Royal Hi g h ness t a ki n g their usual drive. The Belgian Minister and Madame Van de Weyer have arrived on a visit to her Majesty. Lord Alfred Paget has succeeded Colonel Wemys• as Equerry in Waiting on her Majesty, and Colonel Bouverie hes relieved Sir E. Bowater in the duties of Equerry in Waiting on his Royal Highness. The Duchess of Kent, attended by Lady Fanny Ho ward, promenaded this morning on the terrace of the Castle, and in the slopes. The Earl and Countess of Clarendon arrived yester day on a visit to the Queen, and Baron Stockmar sr" rived to-day. The Royal Dinner party at the Castle this evening will include her Royal Highness the Duchess of K et the Belgian Moister, and Madame Van de Weyer' Earl and Countess of Clarendon, Viscount NC 1 tourn!., Lord and Lady Holland, Baron Stoekmar, Mr. G. 11 ; and lion. Mrs. Anson, Duchess of Bedford, La('Y Howard, Hon. Misses Paget and • Cocks, Baroness Lehzen, Lord Ldford, Hon. C. A. Murray, Mr. Rich , Lord A. Paget, Col. Bouverie, and Captain Seymour. The Countess of Sheffield has succeeded the V is. countess Barrington as the L tily in Waiting on her Majesty the Q ueen D Jwager at S u db ury H a nd the Hon. Miss Mitchell has succeeded the Hon. Miss Gore as the Maid of Honour in Waiting on h r MajectY• The Earl and Countess of Sheffield left town yester day morning for Sudbury Hall. His Royal Highness Prince George of Cambridge dined with the Duchess of Gloucester, at Gloucester House last evening. Major Watson, 13th Light Dragoons, had the he' nour of an interview with Prince Albert on Wednee (lay ,to present a set of his newly-improved figures fer, the e!ucidation of cava l ry movements, w hi ch he hlll been commanded to have prepared for the use of his Royal Highness, and with which the Prince expressed his entire approbation. Lord John Russell returned to town yesterday, from a visit to Viscount and Viscountess Palmerston, at their seat, Broadland s , Hants. Despatches for :he Governors of the West Colonias, were sent off Lut evening from the Colooi al Offic•. The Judicial Clmmittee of her Majesty's Mo st itmourable Privy Council sat yesterday. The Lord' rres:nt Were Lord Brougham, the Vice-Chancello r, Mr. Justice Erskine, and the Judge of the Admiralty Court. The appeals relative to the will of the late Mr. Wood, of Gloucester, " Sir Matthew Wood, Bart., anu, Others, v. Elizabeth Goodlak e , w id ow, an d Edwaru Hitchings," was appointed for hearing, but on the open' ing of the Court, Sir Fred. Pollock objected to pro ceeding with the case on account of one of their Lora' ships (Dr. Lushington) having been Counsel for oil ° of the parties to the appeal. The case, in consequenc e, was not proceeded with, and the Court adjonrned. ELECTIONS IN THE UN 'TED STATES. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SlR—Permit me to enclose to you an accotint of the effects of a general election in the Unite' States. As to a Police governing the United States it's out of the question ; no army could ; but they re quire neither, as they can govern themselves. While the morals are as sound as they are s/ present, and the increased attention be paid to ele 4 mentary education, the present system of gover n : went will unquestionably continue. During the las t half century, nearly every Government in E u rope has been revolutionized, yet the Republic has bee n internally calm and externally energetic. I attribute that calmness and energy to freed°'' mainly ; thi s i s cont i nue d and sustained throug h the Ballot boxes, I may ..ay the Superintendan fr General. Although I am f or some qua lifi ca tiol' even in that country, yet, not of property ; the 1 01 already require citizenship, long residence, and DO" thing more is wanting in my op in i on t h an to b e re' gistered in tow ns only. A CONSTANT READER OF YOUR PAPER' A CALM AFTER THE STORM.—It is surprising O ic soon after the politic a l t empest w hi ch has swept 0 "r the land, the warring elements are settled into a call' it is true we now and then hear of a congratulator! dinner or supper, an d occas i ona ll y a gun is let o ff , lik e the few last poppings of undisciplined militia, but in tbs main the tumult is hushed, and the era of good feeling has returned. Men can now meet a political nPlf nent without gna s hi ng th e i r teet h upon him. Tee de' feated party bear their disappointment with a becatul equanimity, a n d th e v i ctors t h e i r triumph with a goo degree of moderation. of European nations cannot understand the mystery a great people engaged in p o liti ca l warfare, as if the n salvation depended upo n th e issue,--call each (AV r all manner of hard names, and working themselves ° to a pitch of violence amounting almost to phrensr.; and then, wh en t h e contest is decided, resuming wonted calmness and their neighbourly feelings, a s nothing had happened. Judging from the e xciteme° . which prev a il e d t wo mont h s ago on the subject o f t he Presidential election, and which was almost uni; er ; sal through ou t t h e country, an o b server unaccustome d , the peaceful working of our institutions, would ha t said that whichever way the balance mi g ht turn' s whichever p ar ty m i g h t carry the day,—the other wow" never submit to it, but a revolution, or attempt at re° volution, would be the consequence. Possibly if the re :, suit of an election i nvo l ve d t h e enta i lment of a (I)nss' upon the country, which might continue for centurte g ' something of this sort would occur. But as the es il , now stands, it is on ly f or f our years at longest, that the new Administration is fixed upon the country' and the defeated party, if honest, of course calculatj that before the expiration of this period, the g°, o sense of the people will return, and that everytt"7 will then b e pl ace d upon i ts proper footing. A tru4 democrat, be he Whi t or Loco Feu), can never dou bt the ultimate wi s d om o f t h e peop l e. He knows di!' they are liable to err, but he knows also that due time they will discover their error and retrtiei it. So although he may regret the necessity s r their learning wisdom by experience, instead receiving it from his own lips, yet he feels assurs' that they will learn it ; and this in his judgment, O r rantees the ultimate triumph of his principles andspart7' We are not here speaking of any one party in par"; cular, but o f a ll p art i es . N ow more than ever th Whigs will assent to the doctrine of the ultimate sci ° ' detu of the people. For a long period they have bee° endeavouring to convince the nation of the soundnes s of Whig principles, the necessity of their adoption high places, and the vast benefits which would resn" from it to the country at large ; and behold, tit e l have at length succe e d e d. A ma j ority of the poi:fl are convinced, and have expressed their e° lr viction in a manner to o pl a i n to b e misunderstood. Mil_,. titudcs who have heretofore acted and voted with tits Jackson-Van Buren party, have come to the conclusion that all is not right in the management of our public affairs. They see on every side the evidences of en!' barrassment and distress ; and as the Whigs say it nearly all owing to the measures of the party in power' they are disposed to try what a new Administration can do. They are sure the state of affairs will not be wore under Whig management, and they hope it will b e bet' ter. They are prepared to continue their adhesion 0 the party, in case they are satisfied with its measures and equally ready to go back to the old ranks if they find their expectations disappointed. The new Administration, therefore, comes into poVer under delicate, as welt as propitious circumstances. political revolution has been effected, and they who hat's ' given it their sanction, expect to see the fruits of They expect the new Administration will avoid the er rors of the old, whatever those errors may be, and m ark out for itself a course in accordance with the best lit' terests of the country. Among other things, they (' petit that the price of labour will be enhanced t° the labourer, but not to the employer ; that agrieultn ral produce will bear higher prices to the farmer, bu t • not to the consumer ; that commerce will revive and flow" rich, but that there will be no over trading ; the real es.- tate will look up, but that there will be no speculation.; that the banks will be restored to soundness, althoagh„ the natio aa l government h as no control over any one ur them ; that the revenue will be increased, but without any increase of the Tariff ; that the expenses of the Go vernment will be diminished, while the navy, the national defences, and all other objects of national iniportanc! , are fostered and sustained as they deserve. In slyart , they expect impossibilities. Gen. Harrison, we dare say, will guide the helm of state with the eye of s statesman ; his administration, we doubt not, will he a good one; but to expect, either from this or that Ad ministration, a cure for all the ills which flesh is heir to, is expecting more than will be realised. BouLOGNE.—A mongst the passengers 11,110 sailed on board the City of Boulogne, on ThursdaY morning, was Prince George of Cambridge and, s uite , The vessel, which left in the morning at one o'clock. ar" rived safely at London.bridge wharf,. in the afternoon, a few minutes after three, after a stormy passage. Thcre are four packets sail from London to this city every wee k ' and they carry altogether on an average eighty horses for the supply of the French army, which when they arrive are under the direction of the proprittor of the Hotel du, Nord. Many of these are Irish horses, and they are sea r ' off, in drafts of about 100, from Boulogne into the inte— rior. Boulogne is now very thin of English reside's/ 4 * and trade is represented as very dull. The Duke of Wellington will leave Swill - kW saye the week after next, f r Ap s l ey House. A ton al; p ar ty of friends aro with his Grace, and ho will rece more visiters before coming to town for the season. T" Marquis and Marchioness of Douro will shortly go on a t;t to the Noble Duke, 1 v Id; Sir Vis Du liil