The Sun. — London, England, 1841-02-17 00:00:00

EVENING EDITION remunerated in other ways for the risk they had run. But why did not the underwriters pay the parties ? If they ran the risks of war they were liable to the payment ; and i he would ask why they did no t make t ? They risk they ran was one which they willingly incurrred, and they ought not look to the nation for the money which became so due. lie did not think he need detain the house any further, hut he would again state to the House that it they con sented to pass that vote they would agree to a resolution which included a larg e sum of m o ne y to parties who had already received a quarter of a million, and they would at the same time agree to a principle the extent and termi nation of which no man in that House could determine.— ( Hear, hear.) Sir WALTER JAMES, who rose amidst cries of Divide," said that he would not detain the House long. He hoped that in taking the subject into consideration they would argue it on its own merits, and would not be misled by those arguments foreign to the question, which the' Right Hon. Gentleman the Chancellor of the Exchequer had introduced in his speech. The Right Hon. Gentle man stated that the amount of these claims was extremely large, and evidently endeavoured to make an impression on the House by representing them as such. These claims had undergone a most rigorous investigation, and the House would perhaps be surprised to hear that the amount of the debts amounted to no more than 225,0001. Perhaps it might be urged that the time for bring ing forward the motion was not well chosen inasmuch as a large deficiency had been experienced in the public revenue for the last two or three years. But he would submit to the House that that was no t.eison whatever for rejecting claims founded substantially on justice aid on equity. The Right Hon. Gentleman said that the payments which had been made into the Treasury, and the money seized, were entirely eaten up by the sums paid to former claimants. But it should be remembered, that the country would have been obliged to have gone to other purses if it had not received a large sum from the Danish Government. The Right Hon. Gentleman had said that the period chosen for the motion was an ex tremely inconvenient one, and that it was really too bad that it should be brought forward before any of the public estimates were voted. He could not help complimenting his Hon. Friend on the period at which he had thought proper to bring forward this motion. It was an excellent opportunity for the House to put in practice the maxim, " Be just before you are generous"—(" Hear, hear," from Colonel Sibthorp)—to practice that economy it was ever so ready to profess. It appeared to him that these parties had an unanswerable claim upom the House on ac count of the two votes they had come to last year ; on the 24th May, 1838, and 18th June, 1839.—(Hear, hear.) Let the House only consider the expense to which .they had put these parties. They had been put to all the ex pense of investigation, and it would be hard if this measure, which had proved the justice of their claims, was to be made only an aggravation of injustice. Seeing the impa tience of the House he would not trouble them with some further remarks he had intended to make, but he hoped the House would support his Hon. Friend on the motion he had made, because he was satisfied of the justice of the claim itself, and because he thought that it would be con. sistent with the honour, dignity, and character of the House, having admitted the principle, not to recede from carrying it into effect.—( Hear, hear. ) Mr. HAVES said he confessed his opinion was pre cisely the same as the Hon. Gentleman's. He (Mr. 1 1 Hawes) also had constituents who were interested in this 1 1 question, and he had to satisfy one part of those if he voted, as be should, for the payment of these claims; and all he should say to them was, that the claim was a just one.— ( Hear, hear.) He was not at all intimidated by the pros pect of being called to account at some future day to which the Honourable Gentleman had alluded, and which remark he (Mr. Hawes) thought had been improperly thrown out, to disturb their judgment.-- (Hear, hear.) There were three classes of claimants, two of whom were paid—those which were founded on book debts, and those which were founded on property on shore, bad been paid. Ho thought if there was any pro perty more protected than another, it would have been that which was classed as property on shore and book debts. The only property respecting the claim of which there could be any doubt by the law of nations, was that which the Right Hon. Gentleman hesitated to pay. Ile (Mr. Hawes) asked him to point out any difference what ever between these classes. lid (Mr. Hawes) had lis tened to him attentively to hear of any difference, and had heard of none. He had heard nothing laid down in justice or principle, to deter him ( Mr. Hawes) from giving his vote in favour of these claims.—( Hear, hear.) It had been twice argued, and on a former occasion means had been resorted to to postpone its payment, which he did not ' think consistent with the honour of any Government to pursue. When, on the 24th May, 1838, a motion for this purpose was carried by a majority of thirty-four, in stead of complying with the vote, the Chancellor of the Exchequer directed the amount of the claim should be scheduled, but not examined. Now, the House had then heard the wholt claim argued, and had come to a deci sion upon it, and he ( Mr. Hawes) had yet to learn the propriety of any Minister afterwards opposing the pay ment. If there had been any doubt upon the subject, the Chancellor of the Exchequer would have been right in opposing the claim to the utmost, but he (Mr. Hawes) believed the claim to be a just claim. Two classes out of the three had been satisfied by the Government, and he should undoubtedly continue to vote for the payment of the other.—( Hear, hear.) Alderman THOMPSON, who was but very indistinctly beard in the gallery from the great noise in the body of the House, said (as we understood), with respect to In surance Offices, when they insured property they received premiums according to the risk which they underwent. He would join issue with the Right Hon. Gentleman op posite as to the very grounds on which these claims were opposed—because those ships' cargoes were insured, the claim ought to be refused. Now four or five times the amount of premium would have been charged had the case which took place been contemplated, and therefore the Right Hon. Gentleman's argument would not stand. He (Mi. Alderman Thompson) conceived that when the House, by a majority of three to one, in the year 1839, directed that the Commissioners should proceed and ad judicate on the claims, it substantially decided that those claims ought to be paid, and were just.—( Hear, bear.) Notwithstanding the difficulties which the Right Ho nourable Gentleman had thought fit to say he would con tinue to throw in the way of the payment of these claims, be (Mr. Alderman Thompson) must say that he ought not to represent that this was a question between the House of Commons and tho merchants of Liverpool. Now it was a question that concerned all the traders cf the kingdom. —( Hear.) The question to be decided was whether the merchants and shipowners of England should have justice done to them by the payment of 230,000/, or not. He would certainly give his most strenuous support to the measure. Mr. WHITE said the notion of the Right lion, the Chancellor of the Exchequer was that if these claims were admitted, other similar ones would be brought forward on future occasions ; Out he contended that every claim should stand upon its own foundation, and he believed that the present one was founded in justice. Sir C. GREY wished to state on what principles and grounds those who voted in support of these claims founded this opinion. He was also anxious that it should not be suppposcd, in voting for the present motion, that he should fall into the error of pledging himself, or commit. ting himself, to a similar vote on future occasions. The two first classes :of claimants, of book debts and property on shore, had been allowed compensation on the ground that the confiscation of their property was con trary to the law of nations. The Gov rnment had in these cases recognized the right of the claimants to re dress ; and the House should recollect that the war was begun in a manner different from that of any other war. It was not the case of an embargo. England had come forward acknowledging she had no cause for making war against Denmark, but understanding that there was a design to seize the Danish fleet by their most deadly enemy, it was thought proper to put it in safe keep ing, and the Danish fleet was accordingly seized. The whole question turned upon this pivot, whether under such circumstances, the Danish Government having made war upon this country, the British Government was justi fied in applying so large a portion of Danish property to the purposes of revenue.—( Loud cries of " Divide, di vide.") Twelve hundred thousand pounds were so ap plied.—( Divide, divide.) That was the ground upon which this question turned.—(Divide, divide.) He thought the sufferers in this case had a right to have their losses made good, out of the proceeds of the vessels scizA under such peculiar circumstances.—(Renewed cries of " Divide, divide.") Lord JOHN RUSSELL did not deny what had been stated by his Hon. Friend, the Member for Lambeth, that there was a great difference between the case now before the House, and those other two in which compen sation had been given. But he thought his Honourable Friend had signally failed in making out a reason for vot ing for this motion. The Honourable Gentleman had said that, with respect to the book debts and the goods seized on shore, these did not come under the class of or dinary seizures in time of war; and that the Government had therefore tither of two courses to choose—either to call on Denmark to make reparation, or to do so itself. But his Hon. Friend admitted that the present case was different from those. This was a case of ordinary capture in time of war. It had been stated by the lion. Alder man the Member for Sunderland, and the Hon. Member for Hull, that in all cases like the present, when the Go vernment had not made a public declaration of war, or given notice to the insurers, of the approach of war, the public money ought to be paid in compensation. Could anything be more dangerous than this ? There might be a great expedition preparing in the ports of another country to invade this ; and it might be necessary to take steps to prevent the invasion. Would it be contended that the Government was to give notice of the preparations which it thought necessary to make, for intercepting the armament before it reached our shores ?—( Hear.) It was said that the sum now claimed was a very mode rate one—no doubt it was so, but if they consented to pay one quarter of a million they would be setting a pre cedent which would entail upon them claims to a much greater extent. It was said by the lion. Baronet that Denmark was much irritated—no doubt she was, and he thought she had much reason to be so. Her capital had been bombarded—she was a great sufferer, so that, in fact, she was very naturally much irritated, and he (Lord John Russell) did not think it was either rashness or showed any want of prudence in her going to war with the country which had done her so much damage.—(Laughter.) His Hon. Friend said they would bo perfectly safe in paying the present claims, because they would never again meet with such a case. He could tell his Hon. Friend he was much mistaken, for we might perfectly expect that we might yet be thrown into war with other countries, and if the House allowed themselves to be bound to refund anything but that which was lost by anything done against the law of nations, or the rules of just war, they would open a door to most extra vagant claims—if they acknowledged the present claims they would go much beyond anything which had ever been done before. He felt bound to go much further, and say, that they were not hound to indemnify any particular classes. If it was necessary for the security of this country—of the whole com munity—if they should in certain cases be obliged to step out of the usual usages of war, the whole community had the be nefit of the act—the shipowners of Hull, Sunderland, and Li verpool had the benefit of it, and they had no right to come forward as individual claimants, and say they had the benefit of the general protection of their country, but their country could not vindicate its honour without their claiming to the very last farthing for any losses sustained by them in consequence of a due prosecution of a necessary war, and one carried on strictly according to the law of nations. If the House of Commons persisted in acknowledging such dahlia as those now brought forward by the Hon. and Learned Gentle man, they would recognise claims for which no precedent was to be found in past history ; but if the motion of the Hon. and Learned Gentleman were to be agreed to, many would be found in our future history. Mr. CRESSWELL rose to reply. The Hon. Gentlemen said, that, notwithstanding what had been said by the Right Hon. Gentleman, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, he was sure the House would go along with him in saying that there was nothing improper in the feeling which had brought him forward. (Hear, hear, hear.) Unless he had been urged to it by his constituents, he would never have brought before the House a question of that nature, and he trusted that Hon. Gentleman would think that he was justified in speaking on behalf of certain firms in Liverpool. He would say one word or two with regard to the time a t which he had brought forward the question. The Right Hon. Gentleman, like many other persons who had disagreeable things to encounter, was never pleased with the time which was chosen for this discussion. If he (Mr. Cressvvell) came late in the session all imaginable objections were made ; he was told that there was no money for him, and that he should not have delayed his motion to so late a period. If he came early, he was met with the objection that there was no money in the Exchequer, and asked why he had come so soon. Now, be thought the best plan was to bring it forward at an early period of the Session when he could expect a full; House. At this season of the year he would expect a large House, and he hoped the Right Hon. Gentleman would be satisfied with the numbers on that occasion. He could not help remarking, in reference to the speech of the Noble Lord, how very prone they were to deal with that portion of a Member's argument, which exactly coincided with their own. The Noble Lord approved of that part of the speech of the Hon. Gentleman which favoured his own case, but he disapproved of the others, which opposed it. His (Mr. Cresswell'a) opinion upon this subject was still that which he had expressed when he first brought the subject before the House. He, for one, could never understand that they had any right to call upon Denmark to make compensation for the book debts and the goods on shore. He never could under stand what pretence they had for such demands. Was there any complaint against Denmark ? Had she committed any wrong against this country? Had we asked for redress for any wrong or injury which we had suffered? No. But, not withstanding that they had no such complaints to make, they had laid an embargo upon the ships of that country ; they had sent out cruisers to capture her vessels wherever they could find them ; they had sent out powerful armaments to slaughter her subjects and to seize her Sleet ; and they now said, that because they had taken their book debts, they should continue to suffer. This was not a case of war. He totally denied that it was a case of war, and he hoped that this would never be made a precedent for other cases ; that the country would never be in the same straits again, and therefore would not be induced to resort to similar practices. What was their own statement to the Danes, at the time that this expedition was undertaken 7 What was the proclamation made ? Why, that they came to their shores not as enemies, but in the way of self defence. Was there any war at that time? Was it con sirtent with the notion of a state of war? If it was a state of war, and it took place according to the ordinary usages of na tions, why was that State paper put forward in 18:37 to justify these proceedings ? Did the Government attempt to justify its proceedings upon the ground of war? No such thing. lie trusted, therefore, that, under all the circumstances, the House would vote, as it had voted, for the compensation of the Dan ish claimants. Mr. O'CONNELL was fully convinced that the claim was a just one, and ought to be paid. Indeed the case was a good deal stronger than the Learned Alderman had put it, because, in the first place, the insurers never could have contemplated the risk, although the general words of the policy covered that defect. He really was surprised at the opposition that had been given to the motion. For a num ber of years the entire claims were contested, and then a part was conceded on the ground that the seizure of debts was against all international law—the seizure of goods on shore was resisted in like manner ; but the House decided that the Government tught to pay them, and did make it pay them. Now, in the present case, the shippers of cargoes were informed at the Admiralty that no war whatever was in contemplation against Denmark, and it might be said that the Government actually induced them to send out their cargoes, and yet that claim, in spite cf the repeated decisions of Parliament, the Government now resisted. Economy was certainly an excellent virtue in a Government, and one which ought to be in all cases practiced, but economy was one thing, and common honesty another.—( Cheers.) It was said there was no war whatever with Denmark, but there was something very like it in practice, and something very advantsgcous to those who got the Droits of the Admiralty, to the amount of 1,300,0001., and out of which ample compen sation might be made to the merchants whom they de ceived into sending out their cargoes. The Government had thought fit to make a present of the Droits of the Ad miralty for the purpose of making improvements at Wind sor. They deceived the British merchants, when they sent out their cargoes, on the ground that there was no apprehension of a violation of the peace, and now, in spite of the repeated decisions of the [louse, the Govern ment hesitated in refusing these parties redress. He hoped, however, that the vote of that night would put an end to the matter.—( Loud cheering.) Mr. INGHAM wished to make a few remarks to the House, in order to show why he thought the argument of the Chancellor of the Exchequer ought not to weigh much with the House. He considered that the objections of the Itght Hon. Gentleman did not apply to the case be fore them. Tho House had on two occasions solemnly sanctioned the motion of his Hon. and Learnel Friend, and it was shariieful now it they had not the moral cour age to put the parties in the way of getting satisfaction for their claims. The Right Hon. Gentleman did not deny that the decision of the House had been in their favour, but his objection was, that he himself had taken a different view of the case. He thought it most unjust in the Right Hon. Gentleman to withhold his assistance from the parties in obtaining their money. The Right Hon. Gentleman had relied upen the first division, in 1836, when the majority was against the claims; but the Right lion. Gentleman did not state what the amount of the majority was, or what were the numbers in the House. He knew that discussion had taken place at the close of the Session, when there were not one hundred Mem bers in town—( Hear, hear)—and when the majority did not exceed eight. Now it was perfectly well known that the greater number of the Members attending the House at the close of the Session were the friends of Mi nisters, and it was therefore impossible to suppose that such a decision would at all weigh against the decisions which the House had twice come to since. On those grounds he would give his strenuous support to the motion of the Hon. and Learned Member. Strangers were then ordered to withdraw, and the ilolite divided, when there appeared— For the Motion . Against it Majority in favour of the Motion The announcement was received with great cheering. EXECUTION OF CRIMINALS. Mr. RICH then rose to move for leave to bring in a Bill to prohibit the public execution of criminals, and to provide for their execution within the gaols in which they may be confined be fore duly appointed authorities, and a limited number of witnesses. The Hon. Member stated thit he was actuated by a desire to do away with what appeared to him to be a barba rous practice, and he proposed to keep clear of the abolition of unishment of death, and the mitigation of our Criminal Code. Hitherto all our puldie executions had partaken of the charac ter of public exhibitions, and nothing could be inure revolting than the exhibition of torture, or at the same time more useless, This was proved by reference to our history. At the Restora tion the head of Charles If. was not deemed to be secure until the embowelment of the regicides. In like manner, it was supposed there could be no safety for the Hanoverian Lundy unless similar barbarities were inflicted upon the Jacobites. At a later period it was thought there would be no safety for husbands unless Catherine Hayes was burnt alive ; and, later in 1713, women were dragged to execution in Smithfield and burnt alive. All Hon. Gentlemen were ready to denource these barbarities, and to deplore the mistakes of our ancestors. They could remember women being whipped in prison, and the practice defended in that House. All this was now denounced, and what was the inference? Was it nut the fair inference that that this gradual diminution had taken place, and this extreme rigour been abandoned, because each successive generation found the exhibition of terror was an erroneo: .e s l i l i . rae N ti v e h e a -- t e w r e ro r: neous not in degree but in principle. He might be told th e present system of executions was working the facts ? Who were the people that attended executions? , , Where were the fathers who sent their children—the mas ters who sent their apprentices ? (Cries of What respectable person, who had witnessed an execntion, did not think it necessary to make some excuse for thing so? But, perhaps, it would be said that the predominances of the law was supported by the effect produced by public executions. This was a curious argument, that the predominancy of the law lay more in the exhibition of an execution than • in the excel'. tion itself. Thetndsbvhenoefiweeirailth?e e l v v i a l ; di i s t po n s o e t d a on fa w et ho th m at th t e h se e spactaeles opera worst of thieves were the most frequent attendants at them? What were the authorities o n this sub j ect ? The Hon. Gen tl e e m v . an i t r h . en Cotton,qu o to prove t ve d the works tthe e of d Fielding, oralizing H o eff a e r e t t h , 0 andf publicth e R executions. The Hon. Member nex t q uoted from the evidence of Mr. Brown, the Keeper of Newgate, who stated that public executions could have no moral effect ; and a letter from a Gee tleman, who, in the course of thirty years, had attended the last moments of fifty criminals in the gaols of Bristol, Gloucester, and Ilehester. That gentleman stated that every ono of them had attended at least one public execution ; and most of them had attended several. In the course of those thirty years, of all the persons condemned to death, whom he had attended, there were but three who had nut been present at executions, and these three were respited. The effect of example on the human mind was certainly very great, but it was also very mysterious. The effect of execu tions, he had shown, was not to deter by example. On the contrary, it seemed to invite to crime. The effects of imita tion were to lend to self-destruction and other crimes, lie re lated the case of a young woman, who, having been prevented from drowning herself, was taken afterwards to the spot where another woman had effected a similar purpose, and the body was shown to her. In three weeks afterwards she drowned her self in the same place, with the same kind of clothes upon her, with the same amount of money in her Docket ,and with a simi lar bunch of flowers in her breast. The lion. Gentleman then related instances of parricide, and other crimes, having been committed by persons immediately after witnessing the execution of criminals for the same. " Barrington, in his life of himself, said an ouuttiou Was the most favourable occasion for Mr. G 0 ULLIURN did not hesitate to say that his opinion on the subject remained unchanged. Ho was quite ready admit that the Hon. Gentleman who had just sat down was equally entitled to hold his former opinions on the subject, and might very properly abide by that de cision to which the House had already come. He was not influenced in his opinion by the amount of the demand if the claim were a just one, and if it would not be attended with fatal consequences ho would at once say to the Government pay it ; but his ground was that if they made that particular payment there never would be a war hereafter, or those circum stances which led ultimately to a war, which would not ultimately involve them in claims which it was impossible to calculate, because it was impossible to calculate the ac tivity of the enemy's cruizers against their merchant yes. sets. It was no uncommon case that an embargo was laid on, and in particular circumstances that step might be followed by a war, and if in such cases they were to make allowance to the underwriters, or those who insured in consequence of the warlike measures taken by the coun try, he repeated that there would be no end whatever to the expenses they would he called upon to defray. He thought such a step would strike at the best energies of the country, and he should therefore give his vote against the Honourable and Learned Gentleman's motion. picking pockets, because the eyes of all were fixed upon one object ; and at fhb time when Barrington wrote, stealing from the person was puunished with death.—( Hear.) Ile then read letters from several chaplains and governors of gaols, in different parts of the country, to show the immoral effects of public executions on the mass of the people, anti the debauchery and crime that took place before and after such exhibitions. He said that in London they were attended with no better effects, and he read from the newspapers an account of the execution of Courvoisier, in which it was stated that several per sons of the highest respectability and some Members of Parliament had the good fortune to obtain standing places in the passages through which the ciinilnal had to pass. The papers went on to state that during the whole of Sunday a large number of persons visited the Old Bailey, who re-assembled in the evening, and the numbers continued to increase till Monday morning. There were shouts, whist ling, jeering, and jostling during the entire time. The Globe added that those windows which commanded a view of the drop presented a considerable number of well-dressed ladies. The Observer said that before 7 o'clock several noblemen and gen tlemen wore admitted into the prison, frith Members of Parlia ment, foreign Princes and Counts, who wished to see the English mode of disposing of criminals. Mr. Sheriff Evans. it was stated, drew a letter from his pocket and asked the pri soner for his autograph, while Mr. Sheriff Wheelton wept bit terly: The prisoner on his appearance was received with one unanimous yell from the assembled multitude. The Observer remarked on the indecent way in which those who had been admitted by special orders into the gaol rushed towards the place of execution. Thus they had Princes, Counts, and sena tors running on Sunday morning, nominally to hear the con demned sermon, but in reality to stare at the prisoner. On the following morning the same parties crowded round him while he was receiving 0:e last offices of religion; and while his burial service was being read one Sheriff wept, and the other very smirkingly asking him for his autograph. Who wished that executions should be so conducted in future ? ( Hear, hear.) Could any one point out to him the benefit which would accrue from congregating together such masses of profligacy, vice, and idleness to witness the death of a fellow creature, by which it was impossible but their hearts must be hardened? But Hon. Gentlemen might say that the mischief which would result from a change in the law would be such as to undermine justice itself. He should repeat that he dis claimed most emphatically all intention of making executions private. He asked for publicity, but not such as that which I now existed. He wished to constitute a formal, appropriate, and independent assembly to witness the last solemn scene of the law, whereby the public might be assured of its full and exact performance, while the criminal might not be unneces sarily interrupt e d in his last moments. He proposed that all the officers who now conduct executions should be present , lie proposed that the Inspector of Prisons should also be pre sent, and should make a special report of the whole circum stances of the execution to the Home-office, which report should always be laid On the table of the House of Commons in each following year. He adopted all the provisions now in force for securing free access to the ministers of the faith of the culprit. He also provided for the admission of those relations or friends of the party who might wish to assist at the execution. That would do away with any suspicion which might attend a more pri private execution. He provided also for the admission of a certain number of gentlemen of the press, whose accoants would have the effect of spreading the knowledge of the exe eution far and wide. He would require the attendance of all the convicted prisoners who might be in gaol at the time, who should be obliged to spend the remainder of the day in thei private cells, where they would have an opportunity of re flecting on the scene they had witnessed. He also provided for the admission of a certain limited number of Magistrates, as well as for that of a certain number of witnesses, indiscri criminately chosen, who on the third clay before the execution should signify to the Governor of the gaol their desire to be present. Whenever the number of applications should exceed the number which could be admitted, the matter was to be settled by drawing lots, in order to prevent any jealousy.—( A laugh.) By this means he would secure the attendance of 40 or 50 independent witnesses. A certificate of the execution on the part of the Governor of the gaol was to be transmitted to the Home Office, and afterwards posted up in the gaols and other conspicuous places in the county. With a view to arrest the attention of the neigh bours, notices should also be fixed in conspicuous places of the intended execution some time beforehand. He would further require, in order to arrest the attention of the people in the neighbourhood, that the officers appointed to con duct the execution should assemble at the Court-house, or some other place, and proceed from thence in solemn ceremony to the place of execution, while the parish bells tolled as they passed. This was the substance of the resolution which he submitted to the House. Ile thought he had provided for suffi cient publicity, and for the attendance of persons of all classes, while the press and the official certificate would be a sufficient security that an authentic account of the execution should be given to the world. He had said nothing of the unhappy per son himself ; and after having intruded so long on the House, he did not feel inclined to trespass on their attention at any greater length ; but he would put it to the House wheth er it was just to a Christian, that at his last moment an unhappy being should be dragged forth pinioned and blindfolded, and exhibited as a spectacle to an infuriated multitude.—(Hear, hear.) True he might look calm, but that might be the calm ness of unspeakable agony—true he might appear bold, but it might be a boldness in which every nerve was shaken. The vision of that ocean of faces, and of that burst of execration, might have causedhis unspeakable agony during the nights previous to his execution; but unlike the criminal condemned to transportation, he could not return to tell his comrades of his sufferings, and thus produce a salutary effect on their minds. This terror also acted very unequally, depending as it did upon the caprice of the multitude who, after witnessing his dying agonies, retired to the gin palaces, and, talking over what they had witnessed, hardened one another by the observations, and perhaps pitied the prisoner as one who, according to the slang expression, had died game. How many who, now gone to the last bitter ac count, had been deterred from making a full and free confession from the fear that, if they did so, they should be considered as not having died game. And how many a young mind had been debased and perverted from witnessing the apparent cool ness with which the punishment had been endured. He had endeavoured to point out the mischiefs of the present system, and to devise a remedy for those mischiefs. -( Cheers.) Thanking the House for the patience with which they had heard him, he should now conclude by moving for leave to bring in a Bill to prohibit the public execution of criminals, and to provide for the execution within the gaols in which they may be con fined, before duly appointed authorities, and a limited number of witnesses. in reduced at Rome. Tile same might he said of the best times of Athens; and in the civilised sate of New York, executions are at present Conducted before private parties. In Prussia they had only done, so he believed, under the order of the Court- These, however, are matters which he might bring before the House on some future occasion. For the present he would simply reserve to himself the power of proposing, at a future time, that the subject should undergo more ample consideration through the agency of a Committee. He was obliged to the House for the attention which his motion had received, and being, as he had said, to swilling to press the motion against the inclination of the House, he would now withdraw it. EXPORTATION OF MACHINERY. Mr. BARNES presented petitions from the borough of Leeds, praying for a Committee to inquire into the operation of the existing laws affecting the exportation of machinery. Mr. HINDLEY presented a petition from Stale)bridge on the same subject, and to the same effect. Mr. MARK PHILLIPS also presented a petition from Manchester and Salford to the same effect. Mr. MARK PHILLIPS then said, that in pursuance of a notice which he had given, he rose to move that a Select Committee be appointed to inquire into the ope ration of the existing laws affecting the state of ukachinery. The machinists of this country had for many years complained of these laws. They stated that these laws opposed barriers to their skill and capital, was very detrimental to their interest, and tended greatly to check a most important branch of trade in this country. They had petitioned tile House almost to a man for the removal of those barriers, and the petitions which had been presented were not merely those of the master manufacturers, but the men hail also joined them, believing that their interests were identified with those of their em ployers. He thought it right that he should direct the attention of the House fur a few moments to what oast passed in Parliament with reference to the ex portation of machinery within the last few years. The Committee of 1824, after a long and laborious examina tion, reported in favour of allowing artizans to go to any part of the world where their services would be better rewarded, or it might suit their convenience to go to. They did not then report as to machinery but the House of Commons, wisely he thought, almost immediately, and with great unanimity, passed the Bills in accordance with the Report of the Committee, which were introduced by his Hon. Friend the Member for Kilkenny. The same Committee sat again in 1825, and in that year presented a most valuable and important Report, not altogether in favour of allowing the exportation of machinery, but recommending it so far as it would not be positively preju dicial to the interests of our manufactures. lie thought the Report so very important, that it was his intention, if the House were kir d enough to grant him a Committee, to move that a copy of it be put into the hands of each Member. The lion. Gentleman then quoted largely from a speech made by Mr. Huskisson in 1825, in order to show that he was then greatly in favour of a free exportation of nearly all kinds of English machinery. The lass on the subject appeared to him to be in a very anomalous state. Many articles of machinery might be exported upon leave obtained from the Privy Comma upon the Report of the Board of Trade. An Act, introduced by Mr. I'. Thomson in 1833, showed the tools which were now prohibited for exportation by the law. Our artizans might go to any country where their services where wanted as they pleased. Steam engines, or parts of them, might be exported without even an application to the Board of Trade ; and by such an application our ma chinists might export freely those elementary, if he might so speak, parts of those machines which were used roost largely in our staple manufactures, cotton, flax, wool, and silk. The de mand for machinery had very greatly increased within these ten years, as was shown by returns moved for by the Hon. Mem ber for Belfast. They showed, that while in 1831 the amount of machinery exported was 60,028/.1 in 1840 it haat risen to the enormous sum of 308,0971. On striking out Walt& and the lonian Islands, the account stood thus in Europe :—ln IMO the export was 19,252/. ; in 1840 it had risen to 257',1771. lie confessed he much participated in the feelings of tht' ma nufacturers so long as they were placed in such an unfaysswaable position with respect to cheaper labour of the Contine.at, by the laws relating to food. It struck him we wore in some de gree too ready to place within the reach of competition those manufactures we possess. But still he thought those partio were entitled to inquiry. He was willing to admit there was no individual in the House whose constituents were so much interested in this question as his own ; yet he wished, if possi ble, to approach the question without bias. Fifteen years since the machine-makers had the advantage of a Parlamentary inquiry for this purpose, but since that time more changes had taken place than during centuries in former times. Since that period we had seen the perfection of almost every railway of importance that could be named. We had seen also the introduction and successful development of the loco motive principle ; but while during this period me chanical ingenuity was making such rapid strides in this country, those with whom we were willing to enter into honourable competition were now possessed of our im provements, and were availing themselves of them far more than they did in the year 1825. He thought, therefore, that if any person were inclined to ask what were his motives in asking for the appointment of a Select Committee, they would see ample grounds for it in the changes which had taken place. To revert to the arguments of the machine makers, they contended, as he believed, with great force, that at the present moment the regulations being such as he had described, they were placed in a very anomalous position. If, for instance, they were at any time inclined to take out a patent for any mechanical contri vance they were placed in a most embarrassing position, for if any one seeking to retain to himself the !protection of a patent, the mode of doing so was the same on the Continent as in this country, and he was, therefore, compelled to establish a manu factory on the Continent or to throw himself into the hands of foreigners, and to receive only a portion of that return to which his ingenuity and his exertions so justly entitled him.—(Hear.) All the elementary portions of the four great species of machinery to which he had alluded might be ex ported under the license of the Privy Council, and the ma chine-makers contended that when those were sent abroad cer tain other machinery was brought into co-operation with these portions which led to the production of finished machinery, and that this was the way in which much finished machinery was supplied abroad. Again, much of it was smuggled, and it was a fact well known to the Board of Trade, that articles were continually shipped under false denominations. Several fla grant instances of this nature had lately come under his notice. The machine-makers also stated that of late years had sprung up an important branch of business under the denomination of the manufacturers of tools, or of machines, by which the work of many tools was performed. These were exported without any permission whatever. By this means much animal labour was saved. The quantity of tools exported from this country within the last few years was about equal to that em ployed in eight or ten of the largest machine establishments of this country, anti that it was quite apparent that foreign countries now possessed far greater means than ever of entering into competition with us, and it was a striking fact that at the present moment, as regarded many machines, we were unable to export them any longer to advantage, because of the improve ment of them on the 'Continent by individuals residing there who were able to supply them to the Continent better than we were able to do. Ass lie had before stated, the position of this country had greatly altered. Large machine establishments had sprung up in France, Belgium, Switzerland, Saxony, Prussia, and Russia ; and if they crossed the Atlantic, they would find there many upstart inventions, particularly with re spect to the manufacture of cotton, which had driven many thousand spindles out of employment. These were some of the leading statements the machine-makers had laid be fore him, exhibiting, as they contended, the necessity for this measure. As he said before, his opinions were on the side of the British manufacturer, and he still retained an opinion rather in favour of some restriction, if it could be made available. But he was bound to say the inquiry the machine-makers had prayed was worthy the consideration of the House. He would not take upon himself to say that any change might have taken place in the minds of the manufac turers since the last inquiry. It was his opinion, then, that the repeal of the existing law would be injurious to their interests, especially with regard to the continental trade. Now this oh 'ection was made in 18:24 and 1825, when the currency of the country was in a state of depreciation, and when almost every article of manufacture rose consider ably in price, and when such was the competition for machinery that those who were building mills at that period found they could not obtain machines at a shorter period than eighteen months. But on a question of this kind he should say they oughts not to limit this experiment to a single year, but to put their opinions to the test by the average experience of several years. He thought this Committee would enable both parties to state their views with greater correctness than they could have done twenty-five years ago; and the relative con dition of the Continent and this country, as he had before said, having undergone such great changes, he thought such a Com mittee was not the less desirable for the interests of the manu facturers of this country than for the interests of those machine makers who petitioned the House, and who conceived themselves to be injured by the existing state of the law. He therefore moved for the appointment of a Select Committee to inquire into the operation of the existing laws affecting the exportati n of machinery.—( Hear. ) air. E. TEN NEN" seconded the motion with the utmost pleasure. The inquiry sought for was not like many to which they came with prejudiced minds. It was one of extreme doubt. The present law was an absolute monopoly, and the House was called upon to decide either for the ex isting principle of prohibition, or for such an alteration as would do that which had never yet been done, namely to en force it. He was quite satisfied the result of the Committee must be one or the other of these things. It was impossible to look back at the Legislation of 1824 and 1825, without being impressed with a sense of its imperfection. The lion. Gentleman here referred to the opinions of the late Mr. Hus kisson on the subject of the exportation of machinery, who stated that there was no objection to its exportation when it contained a great quantity of the raw material ; but that in the opposite case it should be restrained. Tools, as they were called, formed a most important species of machinery, and were the most astonishing in the effects they produced of any ma chinery made in this country. Manufacturers were indebted to tools not only for the production of machinery, but also for the precision with which it worked. Some tools were of enor mous dimensions-30 or 40 feet in length—and one of these extraordinary tools would take an immense beam of iron, which it took formerly weeks to polish, and in a few hours render it as smooth as a ball of ivory. These automata performed their operations with an ingenuity that was something like instinct; yet such was the inconsistency of the present state of the le gislation on this subject, that these tools which conferred so much advantage weae permitted to be exported. The lion. Gentle man here proceeded to explain the nature of one of those tools which is used to make an instrument that is indispensille in the manufacture of every kind of yarn. That instrument or tool, called a card, was a description of brush made of iron wire, inserted in a slip of leather attached to a wooden frame : it was formerly made by the hand, but now a tool was so con trived that a certain quantity of iron-wire and leather being applied to it, it formed, without the intervention of human agency, an iron-wire brush or card, such as that to which he referred.' On the Continent they fully appreciated the excel lence of British machinery. They had tools of this country, increasing in Swit the iron, and they now possessed the coal s ; and in conse q uence the z er a manufacture Belgium, Austria, machineryan and ll s ia rapidly . That was a conside ration which should lead Hon. Members to inquire as to the use fulness of the prohibitions of the law. In 18.39 anti 1840 an attempt was intimated on the p art of the the French Government to levy a heavy duty on the import of British yarn ; at the same time they in timated that that im post might be averted, if our Governmen t would remove the u r s P4 duty on the export of machinery. lie (Mr. E. 'ferment) was authorised by his constituents, as were also many other lion. Members by their constituents, to allow of that exporta tion ; but he was glad to find that the contemplated impost was not laid on by the French Government. lie thought it was necessary to ascertain what was doing in every quarter of the globe which aspired to m anufacturing, or attempted to compete with Great Britain in manufactures, in order that they might decide on what was the best course to adopt. The Honourable Gentleman next proceeded to advert to the great price given on the Continent for English machinery, which must, he contended, arise from its great superiority over that of any other country. It must be ad mitted that the manufactures of the Continent are making great strides towards a more successful competition with us. But it was owing to the assistance they derived from England they were enabled to do so. They had English workmen, English iron, and English coals , • and if we add to that the 'tare of obtaining English machinery, we would increase adva,-, " the facility a. competition. He • ! thou - "tit that some legislation Wh'ether the exportation of necessary. upon the subject wa g 'an altogether, or relieved from machinery was to be forint.— - ^nt law was necessary ; restriction, some alteration of the pre,... —led the 'notion and it was with the utmost 3atisfb.etten he teern i ,,, 7 _ of his Hon. Friend.—(Hear, heat.) The motion having been seconded, General JOHNSON said that all the arguments of the Hon. Member went to do away with the punishment of death alto gether; in that point he heartily concurred with him, but he never could consent to putting people privately to death ; and after all his plan went to convert an execution into a perfect raree-shew, for admission to which the applications would be so numerous, as according to the Hon. Gentleman's own showing, to require to be determined by ballot. He should oppose the motion as one altogether foreign to the feelings I of Englishmen, and should the Hon. Member succeed in bring ing in his Bill, he should oppose it at every stage. Mr. EWART, while doing full justice to the motives by which the Hon. Member was actuated in bringing forward this motion felt bound to oppose it. He fully admitted the evils of public executions, but the true way of getting rid of it was to abolish the punishment of death.—(Hear, hear.) Himself and the other opponents of capital punishments had long been travelling in one direction, and the Hon. Member for Knares borough now wished them to travel in another. He was right in his motives, but he was wrong hi his principles, and by thus removing one of the arguments against the abolition of capital punishment the effect of his motion would be to make capital punishment more lasting. The principle of private execu tions was bad, and he would ask whether such a system might not be abused ? Let them look bask to history—all the most horrible punishments had been inflicted in private ;—the rack, the torture, and all the horrors of the Inquisition had been in flicted in private. Publicity was a check upon cruelty. To refine and humanize the people they should look to a more extended measure of education, and to the total abolition of capital punishment. But he had strong doubts as to the efficiency of the measure proposed by hi; Hon. Friend for the attainment of the object he had in view. The press, in the present day, was the great incrument of publicity, through that all the de tails of the agony of the prisoner would be given to the world exaggerated and magnified, and the public appetite would be pampered by reading the horrors which they did not see. He thought the admission of the relatives of the prisoner would be no effectual check, for ho hoped that none of them would ever attend such a scene. Secrecy was an evil in principle, and in this case more than any other. A great change had lately taken place in the public feeling in relatiost to criminals : for merly they were considered as heroes and martyrs —now they were considered as miscreants. He would admit that it was dreadful that the people, as in the case of Courvoisicr, should greet an unhappy criminal, on his appearance on the scaffold, with bursts of execration ; but surely it was better than that he should be cheered as a hero, as had formerly been the case. His Hon. Friend's object was to do away with public execu cutions ; but, in carrying out this object, he should not forget the habits of the people. In Prussia private executions were more unfavourable with the habits of the people than in this country. On the whole, though he approved of the motives of his Hon. Friend, he would not agree to his motion. He trusted, however, that they would soon all combine in the one object, which had now become almost a European object, of opposing capital punishments altogether. Mr. FOX MA ULE said, that he could not let this question go to a vote without expressing his opinion In very few words upon the subject which his Hon. Friend had brought before the House. He must say that he entirely concurred with the vies taken by the Hon. and Gallant General, that this attempt to make executions private would be abhorrent to the feelings of the people.—( Hear, hear.) The whole argument of his Hon. Friend appeared to him (Mr. Fox Maier!) rather to make a case for tire abolition of capital punishments, than for private execution of criminals who had fallen under the ex treme sentence of the law.—( Hear.) He thought his Hon. Friend had been peculiarly unfortunate in his measure, because he had arrayed against him on that occasion not only those who were enemies of the present system of capital punish ments, but even those who were in favour of the entire abolition of such punishments. He hoped that. the Honour able Gentleman, seeing the feeling of the House, in order to save the necessity for a division, would withdraw that which, from the best of motives, he had brought before the House. With reference to the details into which his Hon. Friend had entered, he would not then occupy the House by referring to them. The question was simply this—was the system of exe cutions in this country to be public or private. Ile lamented, as he had no doubt the House would lament, that it should ever be necessary to have recourse to capital punishments, and he also lamented that so much depravity should be witnessed when a public example was made for the purpose of encouraging public virtue. But, he believed, that if they were to do away with the punishment of death, above all, if they were to make it secret, more evils would follow in either case than were complained of under the present system. Holding their opi nion.s, touch as he regretted that he should differ from his Hon. Friend, who had so ably proposed the metvar e, if the House divided upon it, he (Mr. F. Mettle) would feel it his duty to give his vote against the motion. Mr. HUME said he would recommend the Hon. Gentle man who had brought forward tide motion not to press it :o a division, seeing that the sense of the house was entirely op posed to him. None of his arguments in favour of private executions had met with support on either side. At the same time, they must all feel obliged to the Hon. Gentleman for the strong and powerful ease which he had made against pubic executions.—( Hear, hear.) He had proved to demonstration that public executions were a nuisance, and that, instead of said lie sh oul d bheihsee,peusvieroptuoinsse: doing good, they did harm.—(llear, hear.) He would re commend the Noble Lord to the left of the Hon. Gentleman to weigh well the arguments which had been advanced, and the facts which had been stated; and he trusted that he would be prepared, whenever the question of total abolition came on, either to answer them, or to agree to the motion. He was quite sure that the details which had been given by the Hon. Gentleman, if well reported and well considered, would have great weight upo . n the country. t ,,: . e against the general 3' tha i t . object was a new House. ('cea s attache d sfeal opi 1: 1 I l r o . n RICA, in rising to reply, one, and that if any value t o hie ofnthan,,y With respect to the opinion that he woulo, and the country. would be best answered by bringing them before t by what he proposed, revive anything like secret executions or in•quisitions •• • ,he could only re p eat the disclaimers whi ch he had already made of any such intention. With regard to history being entirely against his plan, he believed, that in the very 1: of ancient hist or y , execution s took place best periods before competent witnesses. ( Hear, hear.) It was only when profligacy Legan to prevail that a different custom w a THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1841. NIGER EXPEDITION. Mr. SHIEL said that, as the Viee•President of the Board of Trade, he had no hesitation in conceding to the motion. There had been no inquiry into the subject for fifteen years, and in the meantime the exportation of machinery had gone on at a very rapid rate of increase. What afforded him the greatest satisfaction was, that the conduct of the inquiry would be in the hands of a gentleman of so much sagacity, and so well ac quainted with the subject as his lion. Friend.—( Hear, hear.) Mr. HUME vindicated his character from the asparsiori thrown upon him in respect to his conduct upon this q - uestion. He was a member of the Committee eighteen years ago, upon whose recommendation the Combination Laws, and the law prohibiting artizans to emigrate were repealed. That Committee was desirous also of repealing the law which prevented the expor tation of machinery, but he (Mr. H.) was prevented from bring ing in the Bill for that purpose by the advice of Mr. Huskisson, in consequence of the jealousy and the alarm of the manufac turers. He had always said that the time would come when that body would see their own error; and all the suffering which he had predicted they had since undergone. He thought that it was sound and true policy to relieve manu factures of every kind from all restrictions, and then no coun try in the world could compete with England. We might supply the whole world with machinery without suffering any disadvantage. Improvements took place in machinery every fuur or five years, and we would always be able to maintain our superiority. He hoped that the Session would 'not pass without a Bill being brought in to remove the inconveniences from which the trade of the country had hitherto suffered. Mr BROTHERTON would support the appointment of the Committee. He did not for his own part wish to give any de cided opinion on the subject, and he would wait for further in quiry. But it was evident that the law ought not to be allowed to remain in its present state. In his opinion it should either be entirely prohibitory, or all machinery should be allowed ty be exported. There was now in France machinery to the va'uc of 15,000,030/. That machinery must either have been smug r , Bled-into France from this country, or it must have been manu factured in consequence of our prohibitory duties. It was ma nifest, therefore, that the present system operated unfavourably for England. What he wished for was fair play, and he .had no doubt but we would then be able to compete with all the nations in Europe. Under these circumstances he considered that a full investigation of the subject would, be attended with great advantage. Mr. VILLIERS said that he believed it to be of the greatest importance to this country, that it should export machinery ; and that no restriction could be imposed on it which would not be most injurious. He represented many who would be glad to see that the end of the proposed inquiry would be a removal of all restrictive duties. Those whom he represented would be glad to find the superiority once possessed by this country still retained ; but it now became a matter of necessity with them, seeing the progress which foreign manufacturers had made, to export, instead of their goods, the machinery for manu turing them. He could not help calling the attention of the House to the alarms of the Hon. Member for Belfast. That Honourable Member was, however, one of a party who steadily maintained all those restrictions on our commerce of which our manufacturers complained.—( Hear. ) That had always been denied on the other side of the House, and the law which had been founded on that denial had been maintained.—( Hear.) The Hon. Member, however, had tras veiled ; and now, for the first time, he admitted the rivalry of foreign countries, and the necessity for inquiry.—( Hear. ) That was a most important admission from one of that party, and he hoped it would net be lost upon his friends, but that they would see that our national prosperity depended upon the prosperity of our manufacturers. He should support the motion, and only wished it went further.—(Hear.) The law was perfectly inadequate for protection, inasmuch as there was a company at Hamburgh for the importation of this very machinery, at a cost of 35 per cent.—( Hear. ) Mr. WALKER felt obliged to the House and the Govern ment for the kind manner in which they had met his question ; and he thought that inquiry would show that no injury would accrue from the exportation of machinery. Mr. HINDLEY thought that the operatives would be benefited by the exportation of machinery, but manufacturers would not. He did not think foreigners would take off all the old machinery of the country as supposed by the Hon. Member for Kilkenny, but that they would get the best. The question had not been fully stated to the House. It was a matter of great consequence that they should consider, whether they should encourage the exportation of machinery to the amount of Aio,ooo/., which was the cost for the machinery of a mill, when tine annual profit derived from the employment of the ma ch,:nery in this country would be the same. He thought the p ession of the machinery would teach the foreigner how he s ho L •ld beneficially use it. It removed many obstructions from the fa -eigner which new prevented him from acquiring an exact knovvlC Ige of our improved methods of manufacturing. He did not urgi these operations in order to defeat the object of his Hon. Fa. iend in obtaining useful inquiry, but he asked the House top ause before they gave away a benefit. All his feelings were in fzvOur of free trade, and had we a free trade in corn and no natie. nal debt, he would then say go forward. The in telligence o Fthe country would then carry all before it. Mr. MUIVI:Z thought the subject so self-evident as to re quire no Corns's; ittee. Every tool used might b e ex po r ted, and was exported. Our manufacturers were underworked on the Continent. Wh ih! taxing our machi nery , we were no t bene fiting the manufactt trer ; he therefore tho ug ht th e H on . Mem ber would do betterto bring in a Bill a t once t o p erm it th e exportation of macllitierY, and the shorter ti me was t e d i n th e Committee the better' .he should be pleased. Mr. E WART thou that taxing the ex p or t a ti on o f mas chinery, thus raising g :ts , price, the foreigner was driven to make it for himself. 11 cse restrictions ou g ht t o h ave b een removed long ago. It was due to the Hon. M em b er f or Kil kenny to state that in 1824 1.42 was the first to draw th e atten tion of the House to this sub;e,et; and on that occasi on a ll th e mony to the utter ineffi c i ency revenue officers had borne tecth of our prohibitory regulations. Until the year 1750 th ere was a free trade in the exportatios of machinery. Mr. Hus kisson most truly observed, that whai s artizans were encoura ge d to go out to other countries it was in vain to restrict the ex portation of machinery. The maim' e -lance and advocacy of. the only real basis of the great principles of free trade was . the prosperity of this country. Mr. MORRISON said that all who had pp. id any attention to this subject must be convinced that the restris 'dons imposed by those laws had checked one of the most impors 'ant branches of our commerce. This was the more to be lament, ed as machi nery is one of those things which belonged peculi, srly to Eng land, and of which, if proper regulations were ad o p. ted, no na tion could deprive us. By these restrictions they had only conferred a bounty upon foreign manufacturers, for our ma chines were smuggled to a considerable extent. He be t . led to suggest to the Hon. Gentleman who had proposed this , mea sure the expediency of taxing machinery imported into es. `her countries. There might be some difference of opinion up on that subject, but there could be none as to the propriety of On t inquiry. Mr. THORNELY could not agree with the Hon. Mem ber's suggestion in reference to the further taxing of machinery, as any additional tax would only be a bounty to the smuggler. The motion was then put and carried. Mr. O'CONNELL moved that the petition of John S. Folds, presented on the 12th of February,' be printed with the votes. The Hon. Gentleman said that by a statute passed in the reign of William 111., compensation was to be made to all persons who were injured in Ireland by the malieiousburning of their premises and property. 'The individual who presented the petition had had considerable property destroyed in conse quence of his premises being set fire to by persons engaged in a combination, and his (Mr. O'Connell's) object was that the petition should be in the hands of all the Members before he made his motion for compensation. Mr. GREENE would take the liberty ofsuggesting that con siderable inconvenience had already occurred in consequence of petitions being printed without a previous examination. Perhaps the Hon. Gentleman would defer his motion till Friday next. Mr. O'CONNELL objected to any delay. Mr. HUME said it was the intention of the lion. and Learned Member to found a motion upon the petition. There would be no difference in the expense whether it was printed with the votes, or five days later by the Committee. Lord MORPETII saw no reason why the motion should not be acceded to. The petition was then ordered to be printed with the votos Viscount INGESTRIE then, pursuant to notice, called the attention of the House to the period of time appointed for the sailing of the above expedition. He did not intend to enter larger} , into any of the merits or policy of the proposed expe dition ; he would be most glad to see the main object of it fully carried out, viz., the total abolition of the dive trade in the interior of Africa. He was given to understand that it would not be ready to sail until the be ginning of April. He did not think they could arrive at Sierra Leone until the end of May. They would then want some men, called kroomen, which would detain them till June, which was the most unhealthy part of the rainy season. He had been told that it was necessary that these vessels must go up the river in the rainy season. That might be true, but who would say that the vessel could proceed by any proper channel? That channel was constantly changing in conse quence of the Delta in the Niger, which ran upwards of one hundred miles. The vessels would get aground, and the crews would be exposed to the pestilential climate for months. Now, for the sake of humanity, he would ask whether the expedition might not be delayed for a time ? Let them be employed as exploring vessels, and be ready to proceed on their mission at a more fitting opportunity. There were many other considerations he would not then enter upon, his sole object this evening being to call the attention of the Government to the period of the departure of the expedi tion. A vessel named the Ethiope had just returned from the Niger, having been unable to effect a passage up that river. As a medium of commerce with Africa he thought there were good grounds for dcubting if that river would ever be found available. Under these circumstances he hoped the GoVerri moot would not, for the sake of pleasing a few benevolent but mistaken individuals, persist in an undertaking which there was every reason to believe would be a complete failure, and be attended by loss of life of almost every person who en gaged in it. Mr. M. O'FERRALL said the object of the expedition was that which the Hon. Member had stated. It had been origi nally intended that the expedition should sail in. the month of October, but it had since been found necessary that its depsr ture should be deferred until March, in order that the vessels might have the advantage of the first floods in the rainy season, without the assistance of which they could not effect a passage up the Niger. With respect to that period of the year being the most unhealthy, it was ascertained, by the researches of scientific gentlemen, that it would not be found so unhealthy to those who visited it in iron vessels; which, moreover, had been specially prepared for the purpose. . Mr. H UME wished, if the Noble Lord the Secretary for the Colonies had been present, to have asked him some queStions with respect to the objects of the expedition, which he pro fessed he could not understand. He thought the debate should be adjourned, in order that the Noble Lord might be present, and give same explanation on the subject. Mr. VER),ION SMITH was surprised the Hon. Member for Kilkenny should inquire the object of an expedition for which twelve months ago he had joined in voting a sum of 60,000/.—(Mr. Hume, "No such thing."—Laughter.) The object of the expedition was to establish commercial relations with the chiefs of that country, with a view to the abolition of the slave trade, and the civilization of Africa. Ilis Hon. Friend (Mr. M. O'Ferrall) had already correctly explained the reason for the delay that had taken place its the departure of the expedition. Mr. WARBURTON would say that, looking to the magnitude of the expedition, the smallness of the means were wholly disproportionate to it. The expedition was undertaken to a part of Africa from which communication with the interior was cut off for six months of the year. Sixty thousand pounds was a large sum, and if that amount was expended in the be ginning, what would it come to at the conclusion ? Some delay had occurred in the expedition, and he hoped that advantage would be taken of that delay to give some more information than was at present had on the objects of the expedition. Mr. O'CONNELL did not think the Noble Lord had made out any great case on the subject of an improper time for making the attempt to pass up the Niger. The Noble. Lord had failed in making out a case. The Hon. and Learned Gen tleman then proceeded to comment on that part of the Noble rd's speech which referred to Captain Beacroft sailing up the Niger, and con t en d ed, from the extracts read by the Noble Lord from that officer's letter, that he did not establish the view of the case which he sought to urge. The Hon. Member then adverted to the public meeting which had been held to promote the objects of the expedition—for the proceedings of which meeting he referred to the Hon. Member for Kilkenny as to what the objects of the expedition were. Mr. HUME had merely asked that the motion would be ad journed till the objects of the expedition - were more perfectly . understood by the House. The present was the first occasion on.which he had heard of a Member of that House being re ferred to for speeches delivered at a public meeting to ascer tain the objects of a measure put in execution by Government. Mr. HA\VES never heard objections to any measure less founded than those that he had heard urged on that evening against the expedition which formed the subject of the present discussion. Mr. HUME said that he took Jamieion's pamphlet as the source of his information. Mr. H AWES said he now understeod the ground of the lion. Member's objections. The object of the e:cpedition was fully stated• in a letter of Lord John Russell to tke Lords of the Treasury. As to the money expended on the expedition, it was comparatively little to that we were annually spending to put down the Slave-trade.—( Hear, hear. ) Viscount INGESTRIE, in reply, said ke was net at all satisfied with the explanations of the lion. Gentleman (Mr. V. Smith). He hoped the Government would at least defer the sailing of the expedition, in order that further information might be acquired on the subject.. Admiral ADAMS said that every necessary inquiry had been made before the expedition sailed, and the information given by Captain l3eacroft was found to be tolerably correct. Although the season at which the ships would arrive at tho Delta was unhealthy, it was certain that they would be able to sail up the river, and arrive rapidly at a healthy climate. The motion was then withdrawn. REGISTRATION OF VOTERS (SCOTLAND). The LORD ADVOCATE moved for leave to bring in a Bill for the registration of voters in Scotland, and stated his intention not to interfere with the present system, but to give it more uniformity and steadiness. One of his propositions was to as similate it more to the systems of England and Ireland as respec ted appeal. He proposed that, instead of ten Courts which existed at present, there should be but one Court of Appeal ; and he further proposed alterations which would render the appeal less expensive. The present mode of challenge entailed upon the poor , toters an expense of not less than 2,0001. a year; and he proposed to remedF its defects in that respect, keeping the fran chise substantially, es it was. After a short conversation, in which Mr. Shaw, Mr. G. HoPe, Mr. Fox Miele, arid Mr. Oswald, took part, Leave was given to bring in the Bill. EMIGRATION (SCOTLAND). _ . On the motion of Mr. H. BAILLIE the following Members were nominated as a Select Committee on Emigration ( Scot land) : 7 -Mr. H. Baillie, Mr. Robert Steuart, Mr. Edward Ellice, Mr. Thomas Mackenzie, Mr. Cumming Bruce, Mr. William Mackenzie, Mr. Ew art, Mr. Protheroe, Mr. Tufnell, Lord Teigmnouth, Mr. Robert Pigot, Mr. Colquhoun, Mr. Ward, Mr. William Smith O'Brien, and Mr. Dunbar. Mr. VERNON SMITH: suggested, in case those gentle men should not be able to attend, that their places should be filled up by some gentleman conversant w►th the affairs of Canada. The House adjourned at Half past Eleven o'Clock. FROM LAST N1G11.1"S GAZETTE BUCKINGHAM PALACE, Fra. 11. The Queen was this day pleased to confer the honour of Knighthood upon Thomas Erskine Perry, Esq., one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of Judicature, at Bombay. • LORD CHAMBERLAIN'S OFFICE, FEE. 15. The Lord Chamberlain of her Majesty's Household has ap. pointed John ForbJs, Esq., M.D., F.R.S., Physician Extra• ordinary to his Royal Highness the Prince Albert, to be Phy sician in Ordinary to her Majesty's Household. DOWNING-STREET, FEB. 12, 1841. The Queen has been pleased to appoint Major• General Sir Joseph O'Halloran, of the Bengal Army, Knight Commander of the Most Honourabla Military Order of the Bath, to be a Knight Grand Cross of the said Order. CROWN OFFICE, FEE. 16, 1841. 'MEMBER RETURNED TO SERVE IN THIS PRESENT PARLIA )PENT. COUNTY OF SURREY.—EASTERN DIVISION.—Edmund Antrohus, of Cheam, in the county of Surrey, Esq., ii the room of Richard Alsager, Esq., deceased. WAR OFFICE, FEE. 16. 10th Regiment of Light Dragoons—Lieutenant Lord F. G. C. G. Lennox, from tke 43d Foot, to be Lieutenant, by purchase vice Long, who retires, Feb. 16. 13th Regiment of Light Dragoons, Lieutenant S. A. Dick son, from the 32d Foot , to be Lieutenant, vice Brown, who exchanges, Feb. 16. Ist or Grenadier Regiment of Foet Guards—Captain the Hon. H. Gordon, to be Adjutant, vice Hood, who resigns the Adjutantcy only, Feb. 16. 17th Regiment of Foot—Cornet G. Stephenson, from half pay of the 6th Dragoons, to be Ensign, vice Wall, appointed Quarter-Master to the 61st Foot; It. B. Codd, Gent, to bo Ensign, by purchase, vice Stephenson, who retires, Feb. 16. 32d Foot—Lieutenant D. Brost ne;from the 13th Dragoons, to be Lieutenant, vice Dickson, who exchanges, Feb. 16. 43d Foot—Ensign 0. A. 0. Gore to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Lord Fitzroy Lennox, appointed to the 10th Light Dragoons ; W. J. Paul, Gent., to b e E ns i gn, b y pur chase, vice Gore, Feb. 16. _ _ Foot—Assistant-Sqrlieon J. Burke, from the Staff, to be Assistant-Surgeon, vice Lllson, promoted in the 90th Foot, Feb. 16. 61st Foot--Ensign M. Wall, from the 17th Foot, to be Quartermaster, vice W. Clarke, who retires upon half-pay, Feb. 16. _ 90th Foot—Assistant-Surgeon It. Ellson, from the 50th Foot, to be Surgeon, vice Kinnis, appointed to the Staff, Feb. 16. Cape Mounted Riflemen—Lieut. G. T. C. Napier, to he Captain, by purchase, vice Rishton, who retires Ensign F. Campbell, to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Napier ; J. Borrow, Gent. to be Ensign by purchase, vice Campbell, Feb. 16. Hospital Staff.—To be Assistant-Surgeons to the Forces— W. C. Seaman, Gent., vice Jameson, who resigns, Feb. 16 ; J. E. Currey, Gent., vice Burke, appointed to the 50th Foot, Feb. 16. Errata in the Gazettes of the Isth and 26th days of January 1841. 53d Foot—For Assistant-Surgeon T. G. Logan, M.D. from the Staff, to be Assistant-Surgeon, vice Docker, whose ap pointment has been cancelled, read, vice Docker,, appointed to 61st Foot. 54tti Foot—For E. S. Docker, Gent., to be Assistant- Surgeon, vice Everard, deceased, Jan. 26, 1841,read, Assistant. Surgeon E. S. Docker, from 53d Foot, to be Assistant-Sur geon, vice Everard, deceased, Jan. 15, 1841. [Owing to the length of Lord Cardigan's trial arid our Parliamentary matter, we are compelled to omit the remainder of the Gazette till to-morrow.] WHITEHALL, FEB : H. The Lord Chancellor has appointed Charles Dixon Craig, of }rewsbury, in the County of Salop, Gent., to be a Master Ext-aordinary in the High Court of Chancery. BANKRUPTCY ENLARGED. ANTHONY GEORGE WRIGHT BIDDULPH, ban ker, H em ietta-street, Covent-garden, from Jan. 29 to March 1, at twelVc, at the Court of Bankruptcy. BANKRUPTCY SUPERSEDED. THOMA:S DOBSON, innkeeper, Leeds. BANKRUPTS. SAMUEL IYILLIAMS, haberdasher, Lambeth-walk, Feb. 26, at half-past eleven, and March 30, at two, at the Court 01 Bankruptcy. Trn'quand, Copthall-buildings, official assignee ; Warne, Leadenha:l- street. ROBERT SIISC and THOMAS BROWN, coach-makers, Long-acre, Feb. 26 and March 30, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Turqurvid, Copthall-buildings, official assignee ; Burgoyne, Thrupp, awn Clark, Oxford-street. JAMES WILLIAIII, CALLAWAY, linen-draper, Wo burn, Bedfordshire, Feb.. 26, at eleven, and March 30, at one, at the Court of Bankruptcy.. Cannan, Finsbury-square, official assignee ; Jones and Son, SVe - lane- JOHN FEARNLEY, irommonger, Hampstead, Feb. 26, at two, and March 30, at half-past o s le, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Whitmore, Basinghall-street, official assignee; Wood and Blake, Falcon-square, Aldersgate-street. JAMES MONTAGUE SAUN.DERSON, house-agent, Red Lion-square, March 5, at twelve, and March 30, at eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Turquar, d, Copthall-buildings, official assignee ; Edwards, King's-road, ,Redford-row. THOAIAS READ, hair-dresser, Crawford-street, Port man-square, Feb. 23, at one, and March 30, at eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Green, Aldermanbur):, official assignee ; Robinson, Orchard-street, Portman-square. RICHARD HARRIS and SAMUEL KING, woollen drapers, High Holborn, March 5, at .one, and Illarch 30, at. at eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Clark, }'road-street court, Broad-street, City, official assignee; Bowei, Queen square, Bloomsbury. GEORGE SUTTON, builder, Bedford-place, East street, Old Kent-road, March 1, at half-past ten, and March 00, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Clark, New Broad street-court, official assignee ; Armstrong, Gray's Inn. WILLIAM SAVAGE, lOdging-housekeeper, Surrey-street, Strand, Feb. 26, at one, and Alarch 30, at eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Alsager, Birchin-lane, Cornhill, official assignee ; Ford, Henrietta-street, Covent-garden. EDWARD OKELL, flour dealer, Liverpool, Feb. 27 and March 30, at one, at the Clarendon-rooms, Liverpool. Lowndes and Robinson, Liverpool ; Taylor, Sharpe, Field, and Jackson, Bedford-row, London. RUTH CRUX, victualler, Canterbury, March 8 and 30, at twelve, at the Guildhall, Canterbury. Casley, Guildford -street, Russell-square, London. JOSEPH SMITH, mercer, Stratford-on-Avon, Warwick shire, March 2 and 30, at eleven, at the Shakspeare Stratford-upon-Avon. Adlington, Gregory, Faulkner, and Follett, Bedford,ruw, London ; Hobbes, Stratford-on-Avon. THOMAS ROBERTS, corn miller, Holbeck Steam Mills, near Leeds, Yorkshire, March 2 and 30, at two, at the Commis sioners'-rooms, Leeds. Smithson and Makin, Southampton buildings, Chancery-lane, London; Dunning and Stawman, Leeds. _ DIVIDENDS. At the Court of Bankruptcy, Basinghall-street. F. Robinson, woollen draper, Turnham-green, March 9, at twelve—R. A. Clunie, corn merchant, Berwick-upon-Tweed, March 9, at half-past twelve—H. Jacob, builder, Amersham, Buckinghamshire, March 11, at half-past eleven—E. Flint, hosier, Ludgate-hill, March 1 I , at half-past twelve—A. Hannah, tea dealer, St. Austle, Cornwall, March 10, at twelve—S. B. Helder, Manchester warehouseman, Bread-street, Cheapside, March 10, at twelve—R. F. Redhouse, tailor, Gloucester place, Old Kent-read, March 11, at twelve. In the Country. T. Pickard, builder, Chesterfield, :Derbyshire, March 9, at ' two, at the Rutland Arms Inn, Bakewell—B. Harris, cattle dealer, Tressingfield, Suffolk, March 2, at two, at the White Lion Inn, Beccles—C. Jones, jeweller, Birmingham, March 17, at twelve, at the New Royal Hotel, Birmingham—M. Newby, merchant, Northampton, March 16, at ten, at the George Hotel, Northampton—M. Law, J. Law, and 11. Law flannel manufacturers, Rochdale, Lancashire, March 9, at ten, at the Commissioners'-rooms, Manchester—E. Bentley, tea dealer, Manchester, March 15, at ten, at the Commissioners'- rooms, Manchester—C. Webster, sen., banker, Hulme, Lan cashire, March 15, at ten, at the Commissioners'-rooms, Man chester—J. Howarth, flannel manufacturer, Rochdale, Lanca shire, March 12, at ten, at the Commissioners'-rooms, Man chester—J. and W. Robinson, engineers, Bolton-le-Moors, Lancashire, March 10. at twelve, at the Swan hotel, Bolton le-Moors -- W. Blundell and R. Falk, merchants, Liverpool, March 10, at twelve, at the Clarendon-rooms, Liverpool—E_ l lolgate, callenderer, Manchester, March 9, at eleven, at the Commissioners'-rooms, Manchester. CERTIFICATES— i gnitor 9. C. Wallbank, metal dealer, Birmingham—W. Barrett, worsted stuff manufacturer, Keighley, Yorkshire—S. Knight, stone mason, Exeter—S. B. Booth, silk merchant, Maccles field Cheshire—J. Richardson , mercha nt, North Shields—W. Stone and J. Gibson, tailors, Bristol—J. and T. Hill, mer chants, Peterborough, Northamptonshire—J. Noble, wheel wright, Paragon-mews, New Kent-road--J. A. Reynolds, hatter, Biresing . ham :7 G. Fittock, tea dealer, Devonport. PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED. W. and J. Mulleny, brass founders, Bath—J. Shaw and J. Brook, iron founders, Brighouse, Yorkshire—S. Bright and M. Hamar, linen drapers, Brighouse, Yorkshire—T. Bake and S. Mills, innkeepers, Manchester—J. and W. Rideal, wine merchants, Union-street, Southwark—J. Dixon, H. Hill, E. Thornevcroft, and J. Neve, Rough Hills Ironworks, Stafford shire—J. Wrigley and NV. Winterbottom, cloth dressers, Leeds —G. A. Voigt and W. Robinson, pianoforte warehouse, Church-row, Islington—W. Alcock, J. Ash, an d J. L ox l ey , carpenters, liefaeld (so far as regards J. A s h)—W . an d P. Hobson, bricklayers, Leeds—E. Bridle, G. Knight, and T. Droy, timber dealerLit..le Saffron-hill—W. Parker, Parker, and J. Park,sa, idlers , Cheltenham —J. and T. 4 Seaber, grocers, Fordham,V m hri) lgeshire.—B. Baker and G. Carter, miners, Oak Farm Ca it f, Staffordshire — foot, S. Unsworth, and J. Cail,on;' .earthenware manufacturiers, sb, Gerard's-bridge, Lancashire F l . Hilton, J:,. Imray, N. 2 , and C. Cartwright, paper is inufacturers, Darvren, 14 ° . shire—T. Cooper and T. Win; Aetil. coal merchants, Coventil . 'llfl —J. B. and H. W. Giles , wh olesale stationers, Smithfield' bars—J. Phillips and W. Cox,. irertmonE,rers . , Wil _ Northampton-- —J. T. Foster, S. Foster , R.l-, 'arvey, W. 'Williams, J. liams, jun., M. Williams, C. Ha rre y , J. M. Williams , and 4. Sampson, copper smelters, Swa tue:). (so far as regards J. Sampson.) SCOTCH SEQUE S 7 'RATIONS. JAMES REID, baker, Dundc e, ; Feb. 19 and Mara JO one, at the Royal Hotel, Dundee. d E gh s . JON AITKE surgeon, Ficliii row, M usse lburgb, Feb' 18 and March 18, at one, at the Rapti Exchange Coffe e-house, E JAM CRAIG, accountant, tilasi ;ow, Feb. 19 al d 31814 ALEXANDER STEWART,' 12, at two, at the Black Bull Inn,Glast 'Ow. . • Perthshire, Feb. 18 and March 11, at t • %Ave, at the Salutatio Hotel, Perth. PATRICK AITCHISON and JAIV.. TES KNOX, siste rs ; JAMES SITORTRIDGE, baker, llaxwe Edinburgh, Feb. 19 and March 1.5, at two, ni altster, Inveraunning, at the Chamber' "' A. James, Edinburgh. . March 12, at one, at the house . ' - - • k ier o ' l^. of J. Pagan, inn eq , weltown. ltown, Feb. ti0..4 COURSE OF EXCHAD Amsterdam C F. 12 5 Ditto, at sight Rotterdam 2 U. 12 5i Antwerp l2 Hamburgh... M.B l3 10 Altos's. •••••• 1:3 101 Paris, 3 days' sight 25 45 Ditto, 3 months 25 65 ........ 25 70 Bourdeaux... . 70 Frankfort on Maine.— 149 GE—(YESTER E 'A I :/ Gibraltar... ..... Leghorn. .......... iGenoa ............ ••••••••—• s it ;MilanVenice Naples ... ... ........ , . 4 4 . 0 7 Valet-nu), per oz .........171. 'Lisbon... •........... Oporto ........ • •••—•' 28 'Rio Ja.noiro ............ •• . 7 Bahia... ................. Buenos Ayre5......... New York, 2 1 days' sigbi 4 ,7 Philadelphia ........... _Uo. PRICE O F BULLIOIit 1177 Portugal Gold Coiai 9 Foreign Gold, bars.. 6 .. New Doubloons .... 0 A Id New Dollars ............ Silver is Bars ........•• . .• .•%;, • EVENtIsTer 6: DITION. Petersburgh, 3 U 5..... 37 Berlin — 7 0 Vienna, effee. tl. 3 M. 10 2 Trieste, ditto Madrid 35 Cadiz Baca. 35 Barcelona Seville 35 • 0 011. THE LIFE AND LETTERS OF BEET" 01 EDITED BY IQNACE 'MOSCHELES, Esc) -- 0 " ; ca tion, readers must be considerably gratified by t he P . ? ct iso 4 /' of this interesting work, the delay in the pr 0 " 0 11 inc lude which seems to ha ve ar i sen f rom the desire 1 t ten/i' in the work every information respecting this gr ee l , , ,, ob• clan, which research cou ld supp ly. " This /I r i tte the serves the Spectator, "i s th e b est o f the Lives 0 ' d 06- yen that have appeared. Its author was long, ° No che' mutely acquainted with th e grea t c omposer ; an- of bile' lea is eminently qualified by persona l knoviledges cootpn oi. and more by an intimate acquaintance with h i fsete , tions, to enrich his biography with many "'eat wi th U' documents, and criticisms. The work is preglin e tot obes., terest and instruction ; and we have no doubt 116 cf Beethoven's expressed wish, that ' whateier ntig srbtbtruth; of him after death, should be strictly consonant no matter how hard it might bear upon ()then°, upon himself.'" TEETOTALISM AT FAULT !-- anxious to take It the pledge," continuo to C er °oll : de . rti ..o f°r ed srcial bi l ,in every part of Ireland. One of the reasons. estbe'pell• ' a Sussex Nobleman, for this zeal, is that, ncither.":,,,torlit brated stout of the Irish, any more than the wh i l n i 115 they themselves make, or the wine they boPo rt s too' the virtue, nor a thousandth part of the a ttraeti ee e ; u n t the in that most delicious of all known nectarine li ghat n /fP milk-punch made by Hudson of Chicheiter. laftatioe',.. bination of every thing that is congenial to the onoto t," and exquisite in flavour, were once to find its W 6 2 00 0 0 /7 sister island, it is pretty certain that teetotalisra " be at fault, and Father Matthew at a discoun t 00 At the Annual Meeting of the British Ins:hic's, Association, held at the Commercial Hotel, Ne, rt t g reet . on Tuesday the 9th inst., it was unanimous'''. 074 ' That five guineas be presented to that excel lent leas tot.- the Floating Hospital, at Deptford, and two 0 1 1 Diest e i, Tyne Shipwrecked Mariners' Home. Also , the 001 mint Roger's Patent Small Palmed Anchors 118 S odt:i recommended to the Members of this Association' 00 the projected Thames Haven Dock Bill is big ht l int erfs t .' of as a measure of great utility to the shipping " see ssin n PERSONAL ADVANTAGES.—The t in, s of Nature's best passport to favourable reecptii°24ooll7-..A, skin and bright complexion, is attained s eu d Y, 10 ; 7 0 . 1 with pleasing facility by the use of Gowl en retie ° which removes every local irritability and disco '3OOl the skin. For toilet purposes the lotion present/ li kiptk!, and refreshing properties of the most cffecilt „Om; tended in all cases by improvement and gene r tf e n#l ll ,/ tory results. " Robert Shaw, London, is Bs. the stamp. Prices, 2s. 9d. ; ss. 6d. ; qt lar-' l sde rk Sold by all respectable perfumers and medicine / [ADVERTISEMENT.] HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT AND - .v. - 0 , • bad leg of 27 years' standing cured in 48 dat e 'g o lisl Von Kilminch, formerly attached to the Prussia : 2 4, 10, 0 was recommended to undergo the amputation 0,',„'"4 which there were upwards of thirty ulcers. i i ;dsl,o" swollen to an alarming extent. Gangrene, d or ?? commenced about the ankle. It was t o d state when, on the 14th of November last, be bad Feint to the above invaluable remedie9. His leg is el te_PL. cured. This Nobleman has allowed Mr. 110 11° ,7:09,,,e w. anyone to him who may be inclined to doubt t,,," "per .no s ful cure. The Pills and Ointment must be Usqh t ett l a' They are sold at every respectable Chemist / le' reft le7 P the kingdom, or at the establishment of the " 244, Strand. 0 , 39, ALBEMARLE-STREET, PICCADOO 1 h 0 :0 POSITH TIIE YORK HOTEL, ANA 76, KING fi e fb OF ENGLAND.—Deafness, and those who are slightly duleA Orivet and find a difficulty to catch the sound of a dis 130 %; $ 00 0 ,„111 1 ', at a public assembly, will find a most astonishing ad le d thz. use of the Messrs. S. and B. Solomons' newirt v t ilt,'" I" ble Operative Voice Conductor, which, when axed' 3 1)- „„r sriars• the ear is so small as not to be the least perceptible, j 3", a il ~a comfortable than having a piece of wool in its plece',,„ s rioe,,,l, ordinary and valuable invention, not only does the "'„ tbst . ',",mlt acute, but the ears are so much improved from their e°`_',ll,o"oo. duals in a great number of instances, can hear Most distos; s py G o t them. It will therefore be seen that persons do net in .. c dtb tp 6 ;taer stant habit of being compelled at all times to Wak e el 0 8 in consequence of the numerous individuals having era' useool7 relieved from deafness, they have become in geoe. itgalo'sdie Messrs. Solomon,' Newly-invented Spectacle I , en ties 'd a y itt° they are placed before imperfect eyesight, eithe r DI wit ' - r ot• light, every object becomes clear and distinct, end he ble i l l: eel" particle is seen with exact distinctness. Theirunion NOR" 01 ments in the material are secrets to themselves, a nd o d 1 40 0 fined to their Establishments, 39, Albemarle-stre e, ti th e William.street, Bank. No connection with P er°° 111 natue. NO, • the PLATE.—A. B. SAVORY and S O " n 0pe 61 7)14 9 factoring Silversmiths, No. 14, Corral, LondarSPOiipsl Bank of England. The best wrought SILV.E''' btu and FORKS, Fiddle Pattern, 75. 2d. per ounce. t he Pattern, is. 4d. per ounce. The following .er,. e , er h'' recommended, but the articles may be had l i g"'" at the same price per ounce : , p a ttel a Fiddle Pattern. King 4. 14 oz. 4.0 lO A 4 . ' 12 Table Spoons 30 at 7 2.-10 15 012 Table Spuone - 4 0 ' JP ,• 12 Dessert ditto 20 72 , 1 3 4 1 ,, Dessert ditte,., 7 'it # 0 12 '['able Forks. 30 721015 0 12 Table Forks . 7' ,' . 47, 0 12 Dessert ditto 20 7273 4 12 Dessertditto 704 2 Gravy Spoons 10 723 11 8 2,GravySoe ng 1 5 4 " 414 0 1 Soup Ladle...lo 723 11 8 1 Soup Le (110.4. g 4 Sauce ditto... 10 78318 8 4 Sauce ditto... 1,,1g O . "' 4 Salt Spoons (gilt strong) 1 0 0 4 Salt Spoons (gr" 1 Fish Slice 2 0 0 1 Fish Slice •••;;'' .1 1 •" 1 • 12 Tea Spoons. 10 78 3 II 812 Tee gpeen " l usl o 1 Pair Sugar Tongs 0 50 1 pair Sugar e".,,•",. N.B. A Price Current, stamped as a NeWsPacdsti/e by drawings, and containing every information ad on aPe war purchase of silver or Shef fi eld plate, may be b , ak e, to or will be sent into the country, free to a paid letter. $ A d PATENT LEVER Vi r il" 4 1 6 6 With silver double-bottom cases ................... 1.40 With silver hunting cases ........ . .......................... 00.0%.0. This celebrated construction .(... most ace lat est is'efesp W i t h th,la. t foto L ac lor a watch can be made) is now offered, ments. e. the detached escapement, i nw ellee atel Ie capped, hand to mark the seconds, hard enamel dish at th e Sw" taining power to continue going while winding ' I P' the Which price, A rinted w:trranty is given, with fixed tertes,(l4:l3 Watches will always receive any attention nee de d o ore T. COX SAVORY , .n (Sev en Watchmaker Sil ve r and Goldsmith, 47, C ernht from Gracechurch-street), Londonchogn, N. B.—Sec on d-h a nd Watches purchas ed in ,0100 g SUPERIOR LONDON TAI 3, -'_. gores , be ns with Ivory Handles, 14s. - per dozen ; Desse'.„ to w hite_ 3 ,, Carvers, .ss. 6d. per pair ; Table Kives, Desse rt „ c a rve"',i, ► Oar handles, 88. Bd. per dozen ; Dessert, 6s. , sew per pair ; Globe-shape Tea-urns, 4 quarts, 2 1 * 6 b 5; the 7 395.; Papier Macho Tea-trays, gothic shape' full sizes. Catalogues, containing the price o f evell , r e t , ar ticle /I fdrniiir ink ironmongery and cutlery, ratis. r rd-s — e RIPPON and BURTON,gWeIIs-street, Ox.° Established 1820. - - , ofS" BIRTHS. „ the On the 13th inst., at Basin ,, stoke, ina nts ' jedl of Knight, Esq., jun., of Chawton House, of a. s d h 3 A, th e On the 13th inst., at Overcourt, sfieh tel R. Cann Lippincott, Esq., of a son and heir. ~, o r s. - On the 14th inst .. at Grove-hill, Camberwe" n • t ore t he Smith, of a daughter, still-born. an ston -s '. On the 16th inst., at Wyndham-place , B r Y lady of N. G. lladiger, Esq., of a son. s ide)°, MARRIED. tithe re . c e Gloucet•tei On the 12th of November, by special license,ra_ proyni of Donna Sotera Lorenzana de Akita, Rio NeAr a i d ivia,.tosled Antioquia, New Granada, J. T. R. Moor, !! bkilat pornucena, eldest daughter of the late Don pre' squil niece of the late General Liborio Mope. 000 yer- o On the ,16th inst., at St. George ' s A. C. Low, Major of the 16th Lancers, tt , arp yarro , B. Flounders, Esq., of Culmington, Salop, and Churchi only Ctr,..„l„, shire. - On the 10th inst. at TeeldpinigEtopn;A. Barclay I— s • F", ot- , sge l a te On the 12th inst , Anne Crown, fourth daughterg the f Mr. Croom, of Bou.verie-street, Fleg-street, aged „ tig hter ° On the 12th inst., at Blackheath-terrace, An nie ' I.". ' J. S. Newbon, Esq., aged 3 years and 6 months. ~ ag ed 1 9 : On the 12th inst. at Park, Sarah Louisa Bathurst, 13buriot second daughter of Lieutenant-General Sir James of Esq K. C. 13. _ ' iota On the 12th inst., at Brussels , G . Sainl e man, . - St. Swithin's-lane, aged 76. Will i°P On the 13th inst., in Beaufort -building s, John Bridell, Esq., aged 63. T ph Cl3ll°C" On the 13th at Orange-grove, Nevr-cross, 095 e ~- .65. Esq., of Gothic Cottage, ftyde, Isle of Wigl't, age" - Jobe' On the 13th inst., Mr. Buchwahl. aged 81. c ,.i n ton On the 13th inst., J. Hargate, the infant son of 0 , son, Esq., of Gordon-street, Gordon-square- iso , pie On the 13th inst., at Wood-end, near Great Me Cbpestake Townsend, Esq., aged 83- Strand, , D O r vDUN in London: Printed a nd Published by 11117121001% gcni No. 112, Strand, at The Sun Ofiee., I the county of Middlesex,—Wednesday,February, To; 141 ' 411.. ?Il Tt kt, I A , 1% , lir , I „,h, -iik ti .. op