The Sun. — London, England, 1828-11-03 00:00:00

SPIRIT OF THE LONDON JOURNALS, (FROM THE MORNING CHRONICLE.) We understand that two hundred tickets have been already issued for the dinner to be given Mr. Sheil this day. The Examiner of yesterday ob serves, " that the very jackass has sufficient intelb• gence to know that the greatest of his evils are his burthens and the cudgel." If it be rather a melan choly consideration that too many Englishmen have not even the sense of 'a jackass, we are, on the other • hand, cheered by the reflection, that there are also many Englishmen who have more elevated notions. than the followers of ,the \Vinchelse as and th e Knatchbulls. There are many friends of ci v il- and in England. religious liberty Those wh o h ave come forward on this occasion to discharg e their debt to Mr. Shell feel as Englishmen o ug h t. to f ee l. Th e number of the friends of civil aad religious liberty, too, is constantly increasing, while the bipeds b e - , . neat h the Jackass are more and more relegated t o ne ighbourhoods where they have only long-eared ex emplars, like %Vinchilsea, to study and imitate. . The Speeches at the Brunswick aids Dinner at Maidstone, on Friday, are below criticism. The only thing said deserving of notice was the decla ration of the Chaiiman, the - Earl of Winchelsea, that the Brunswickers were not only opposed to Popery, but to " all those Societies established in this country, whose ultimate' object, tinder the musk of civil and religious liberty, is to root up the ground-work of all our Institutions, and especially our Protestant Institutions." The Dissenters should always bear in mind 'that the Duke of Newcastle, Lord Winchelsea, and other leaders of thesßruns wicker; are not more opposed to concession to the Catholics than they are indignant at the repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts. But there was diStributed at the Dinner an Address to the Freeholders of the county of Kent, by that great Politician and Saint, Lord Bexley, of a snore ambitious character than the speeches of the Brunswickers. Lord Bexley had, it seems, been suspected of hostility to the object of the Brans wickets. In this Address he is at great pains to chew in the outset, that " in the answer he made to the very first communication he 'made on the subject of any proceedings in the county relative to the Catholic Question, he expressed a distinct opinion that nothing short of the declared sense of the free holders, taken at a County Meeting, regularly con vened, could produce that effect upon public opinion which it was the object of his Noble Friend (Win chelsea) to bring about." Lord Bexley is, in con - sequence, the god of the idolatry of .the Bruns wickers, and all the papers on thedr side ask pardon for having presumed to doubt for a moment the fide lity of so distinguished a saint. Lord Bexley of another instance of the slender qualifications required for a politician of the first grade in - this country, His Lordship, without hereditary rank, rose to the situation of Chancellor of the Exchequer, on account, no doubt, of his supposed political saga city. And the proof of that sagacity he affords us in this address is unquestionably very convincing.— He informs us that the situation of Ireland is one of great danger ; that the priests have begun to exer cise a most tremendous power ; that they can re turn Members in all the counties ; and that the Pro testants of Ireland need greatly the protection of Protestant England. What then does his Lordship propose ? Nothing. He leaves us to our danger without consoling us with any hope of diminishing it. He tells us that the Catholic Association has usurped tht privileges of Parliament and the prero gatives of the Crown; that it has imposed taxes; that it has marshalled the people in military array; that it has created an order of Liberators, but he does not inform us how all this could have been prevented. But he tells us that the Catholics are not so liberal' as they have been represented, for the Catholic Priests do not any where allow the Laity to read the Bible, and that it is not true • that " we are the only intolerant and persecuting nation remaining," for •Spainand Portugal are still ' more intolerant, for there "no Protestant is allowed to live, except a very limited toleration to fo reigners ;" that in the Now States of Spanish Ame rica the principle of religions toleration has been uniformly rejected, and that in Piedmont " the Protestants; are confined to a very few narrow moun tain valleys." Admirable reasons, no doubt, for retaining Ireland . in a state of anarchy, and impo verishing the people of England with the expence of the establishments necessary to keep down the Irish. The English are not, it seems, then more intolerant and persecuting than all Catholics, but he admits they are more intolerant than some. In the Aus trian dominions, according to Hassel, there are 3,200,000 of the Greek Church, 1,312,000 Cal vinists, about a million Lutherans, besides Jews, Unitarians, and Menonites, and the re mainder of the thirty millions are Catholics.— All these people live peaceably one with another. In Germany the Catholics amount to sixteen mil lions, the Lutherans to twelve millions, the Calvi nists to upwards of two millions, and every where there is the utmost peace and harmony. All the States of that great country contain a mixed popula tion in point of religion. Prussia has about four millions of Catholics to eight millions of Lutherans and Calvinists, &c. Bavaria has about eight hun dred thousand Protestants out of a population of four millions ; \Vurtemberg has a number of Ca tholics; Hanover has about 160,000 Catholics ; all these live peaceably together. In France and the Netherlands we find 'Protestants and Catholics. There is not one of the scone of Governments, where the . inhabitants are of different religions, in which there is the least persecution, or the least ap prehension of it. England is unquestionably the only country in Europe, containing different religions, in which all are not on an equa l f o oti n g, with th e exce ption of Piedmont, in which we suppose about s i x or seven thousand Protestants are not liberally treated. In `Spam, Portu ga l, an d Italy, there are no P ro testants, as in Swed en and Denmark there a r e no Catholics. In Sweden, if a L u th eran changes Isis religion either for Catholicis m sir Cal vinism, he forfeits his rights as a citizen, The Oonsti tution of Norway allows 1,10 Jevs to i n h abit the c ountry. If there were Catholics or Cal v i n i sts in Sweden, or Jews in Norwa y , these intolerant l aws would, no doubt, be repealed. The differenc e be tween Great Britain and Catholic Spain and Por tugal, and Protestant Sweden and Norway, is, that in Great Britain intolerance is a substantial evil,. while in Spain, and Portugal , and Ital y , and Swe den, and Norway, intolerance is merely concentrated in theory. Dr. Doyle very honestly observes, that all Christian Churches are exclusive. " Our doe trine is not a whit more exclusive than that of the 'Established Church, and not half so m uch so as that of numberless sects of Dissenters." It has been well remarked by Protestant writers, that wherever ate Reformation principles had the freest scope, the I s rinciple of intolerance was the most firmly establishes!, and that we owe toleration not - to the strength of Any particular Church, but to its weakness. Toleration was deemed by all Protestants a crime, with the single exception of the Indepen dents—the only religiOua body, it has been we ll re marked, who, either b e f ore or s i nce t h e p er i o d o f t h e i r influence iu Engl an d, ever coesecrated the principle of loleration. Humanity owes nothing to i any Church n the way of Christian charity. So much tor the political wisdom of Lord Bexley, anti PO much for his Protestant lihsrality. (FROM THE MORNING HERALD.) Another of those precious jobs, of which t h e Ci v i c body seems to form the hot-bed anti the focu s , is brought to light in the recent petition of the city Sword-bearer to the Common Coun cil, praying re muneration for the loss of the fees, on the faith of receiving which he bought, we suppose, his office. And of what do these emoluments so lost principally consist, but of money paid for permission to witness the trials at the Old Bailey ?—so that here is the key of the first Criminal Court in the kingdom both sold anti mortgaged, to fiirnish out funds for the ta vern dinners of the Corporate body ! net the doors of a Court of Justice —especially-, as in thi.; case, those of the first Criminal Court in the dom—should be closed against the public, is itself a scandal upon those who permit it ; but that it should be made an heir-loom of the Corporation, saleable like any goods and chattels, can, find a parallel Only in their owu similar act, of putting up to sale the place of Secondary, and thereby adding to the price o f misery and wretchedness. If a small fee were permittable to be paid for admission to the • con fined galleries of the Old Court, at the Old Bailey (which, upon principle, we think it ought not to be), surely there are better purposes to which the produce might be applied than in filling the coners of the Corporation. The Sheriffs' Fund, for in stance, or the alleviation of the many sources of misery in the city gaols, to which our columns have, of late, bore such heart-rending testimony, would surely be better than in pampering and promoting the apoplectic tendency with which the civic body is so well known to abound. We again rail upon those who elect, the civic body to look to these things. It is worse than a farce fer the Livery of London or the Court of Common Council to meet, as they continually do, and din in our ears their long harangues about the reform of public abuses, while those of their own nurturing and creating are passed by amid left untouched. 'We would have a starling placed over time chair on the hustings at Guildhall, and another in the Common Council Chamber, which should be taught to keep crying out the words "Look at Henze" whenever a civic meeting .about reform takes place. Some of the civic body are, we believe, exceedingly, and, no dswbt most laudably, zealous on the score of reli gion. Did it never occur to such persons, that 'to take the beam out of the civic eye would enable it to see much more clearly the mote which they think they have discovered in the public eye ? If it never has, they will doubtless thank us for thus giving them the hint. (FROM THE TIMES.) Almost every body is aware that the surgeon and physician of the middle and poorer classes of society is the apothecary, er " general practitioner," as he is sometimes called. Except in extraordinary cases, no medical adviser with more imposing titles or higher pretensions is called in, and as few people choose to die without medical aid of some sort or other, the Corporation of Apothecaries'-hall may be said to exercise an almost uncontroulled power over the lives of a great majority of his Majesty's liege subjects. They can not only chug them, but bleed and blister them at pleasure : they are Not only en titled to empty all the produce of their laboratories, and all the contents of their shops, into their sto mach, but to cut off their limbs, and to treat them in any other manner that would -suit the announce ment of " mangling done here," Nay, what pro bably is of greater importance at this present time, when there is so general a complaint of an over stocked population--when pauper laws and emigra tion projects are found so inadequate to repress the dangerous multiplication of the species —these practitioners have nearly a monopoly of the trade of bringing people into the world. Possessed of such unlimited power, it is of the utmost consequence that these " general practitioners" should be endued with the qualifications necessary to prevent a mischievous use of it : and that the public should be secured against the consequences of their ignorance or qt:ackery, by compelling them to engage in preparatory studies, and to undergo a previous ordeal. As the law at present stands, we believe that any man may announce himself as a surgeon without a diploma from the College; and even the authority -of the College of Physicians does not ex tend over physicians who practise seven miles from London ; but since the act of 1815, the supremacy , of Apothecaries'-hall over apothecaries cannot be called in question. The body has lately put forth " Regulations for the examination of Apothecaries," which we think of great importance both for what they state and for what they omit. In these, " the Court of Examiners" prescribes the age, the general qualificationsZand the particular proficiency in medical knowledge, of those who offer themselves as candi dates for a licence to practise. The following are the most important of the rules now to be enforced : " Every candidate for a certificate to practice as an apothecary, will be required to possess a competent know ledge of the Latin language, and in compliance with the 14th and 15th sections of the said Act, to produce testi monials of having served an apprenticeship of not less than five years to an apothecary; of having attained the full age of 21 years ; and being of good moral conduct. lie will also he required to produce certificates of having at tended not less than two courses of lectures on Chemistry; two courses of lectures on Materia Modica and -Botany ; two courses of lectures en Anatomy and Physiology; two courses of Anatomical Demonstrations; two courses of lectures on the Theory and Praetice of Medicine; these last to be attended subsequently to one course of lectures on Materia Medico, Chymistry, and Anatomy. " And a certificate of attendance for six months at least on the physicians' practice of some public hospital or in firmary (containing not less than 60 beds), or for nine months at a dispensary ; such attendance to commence subsequently to the termination of the first course of lec tures on the Principles and Practice of Medicine. " The regulations relating to the order of succession in which the lectures ou the Practice of Medicine, and the Phy sician's Practice of an Hospital or Dispensary, are to be attended, are designed to apply to those students only who commenced their attendance on lectures on or alter the lst of February, 181f8 ; and all such persons are particularly requested to take notice, that unless they shall have strictly complied with such order of succession, they will not be admitted to an examination. " In addition to the course of study above required as indispensably necessary, candidates are earnestly recom mended to attend clinical lectures, and also lectures on midwifery and the diseases of women and children, on the latter of which subjects, as an important part of medical praetice, they will be examined." . This is well so far as it goes, but does it go far enough ? Should it not be required of a candidate for admission to medical examination at Apothe caries' Hall, that he should profess a competent knowledge of Greek as well as of Latin ? Many of the terms of the medical science, with which they must be acquainted, are of Greek origin, and cannot be understood in their full force and in all their ap plications without a knowledge of that language. Then, ought not the length of courses of lectures, and the qualifications of the lecturer, to be defined, as well as their number and succession ? In the last of • the regulations which we have quoted, it is said that the st u d en t is recommended to attend lectures in midwifery, w hil e h e i s requ i re d. to bring a certificate of his attendance on other courses of medical ire leetien- Wh a t can b e t h e reason- for this distinc tion tion ? Do not many o • m ost of " the general prac titioners" likewise offer i t and how c an t h ey do thaot practise as accoucheurs, the knowledg e to be conveyed in o dit r l igh c t o , without the lectures on th e su bj ect ? No twithstanding thes e and other defects, w hi c h it is not our business to point out, we consid er the unequivoc a l, and im portantnew regula tionsas a imparoovbemvieonuts., au n hatever raises the scale of useful qualification s in medical candidates, tends to ren d er th e pro f ess i on better acquainted withor i ts principles] and more expert at its duties, is a cer tain benefit to the public, —a benefit which ought talent, knowledg e , and y pwreordii or some personal sacrifice 4 %P e ee s t e a 2 b t ! i i . j e f d Y ' among the lo n n i o u t r ;o ex b p e ense to indivi, classese t their e o i r f duals. if , ex perience can - . l order of practitioners. the profession, t hey must not on grow , but must extend their bene ficial operation to the highest If larger qualifications or required from the apothe cary, the surgeon and physician, in order to p reserve their relative importanee, must likewise advance in improvement. Whether a year's more study, or some pounds' more expenditure, be required from a few candidates for medical examination, matters little to the great body of the people, provided their , • health and lives be placed in more secole hands. Though a great deal has been done since the act of 1815, and even within these four or fire years, to raise the character of the profession, and to secure in the general practitioner a little more knowledge than is requisite for the mere com poundin7 of ding,l, much still remains to be done. `Stronger ' testimonials to the talents and general le a lik eat i ons of candidates must be_ re- i quired, and a more strict and extensive exami nation into their medical proficiency must be en forced. The onening. of. the London University, 'which has excited the emulation of other schools,-_. the commencement of more perfect courses of private prelection, both in the capital and elsewhere,—and the more scrutinizing appliCation of the powers of the press to the conduct of practitioners, present fresh sources of hope for the rapid advancement of • medical science and growing improvement of surgical and medical practice. We cannot conclude these hasty remarks without expressing our disapprobation of the conduct of an able medical journal, which has attacked the new regulations in a style of ribaldry, for which it would require its former merits towards the public and the profession to procure forgiveness. We quote from another publication a more candid estimate of their value. (From the Medical Gazette of Oct. 25.) " REGULATIONS OF THE APOTHECARIES ' COWAN'S'. " The last 20 years have been replete with wonders ; the advances made in every department of knowledge have been so great as to force themselves on the notice of the most careless observer. The application of steam to na, vitiation and manufactures on the one band, and the mi racles of modern chymiatry on the other, may be looked upon as the triumphs of art and science. Within the pe riod we have specified, the human mind appears to have received an impetus which is felt in every relation of life, and which has operated, and still continues to operate, the most important changes in the whole frame of society. " Probably therela no department in which the impulse of itiprovement has been more extensively felt, or more generally acted upon, than in our profession. No physi cian can now rely upon his academical education alone, or upon his acquaintance with the learned lore of antiquity, for his knowledge of the healing art, as practised in modern times ; no stugeon can trust for success in life to mere manual dexterity; no general practitioner can now venture to be the thine * an apothecary was—a mere cull er o f s i mp l es and vender of draughts. " The improvement among the individuals composing both the physicians and surgeons of this country has un questionably been great within the last few years; but a still more striking change has taken place with regard to the apothecary; indeed, so thoroughly are the present race ashamed of their predecessors, that they seem anxious to discard the very name, mid to substitute the term general practitioner. The name is of little moment, but the class of men is so different, that we do not wonder they should be desirous of separating themselves, in public egg matioti, from the apothecary of the last century. " This improvement has been owing to various cauees, some of a general and others of a Particular nature ; but among these we cannot omit the effect of the peace, which, by opening the treasures of continental literature, so long withheld from us, and by making us acquainted with many wholesome and important regulations established abroad with regard to professional education, speedily produced among ourselves a spirit of honourable emulation, which has ied to the happiest results. " Nor would it bejust; as regards the rising generation of general practitioners, to overlook the establishment, about the same period, of the Court of Examiners of the Apothecaries' Company—a body, whom it has been the fashion with some to censure, apparently for no ether purpose than to foster the feelings of jealousy with which men holding places of emolument and trust 'are always viewed by those who are not so fortunately situated. " That the Apothecaries' Company is the best institu tion of the kind which it might be possible to frame, we are far from asserting ; we know none of our corporate bodies which are ; but this we know, that betMe the Act 'of 1816 the professional education which individuals should pass through before they commenced practice as apothecaries was left to their own judgment or conscience ; and these, it is well known, were but poor guarantees for the safety of their patients. The consequence was, that they were for the most part a set of ill-educated and ignorant men, who reflected discredit on medicine as a profession. But the Apothecaries' Company have required an education, the standard of which they have been gradually raising, until it now constitutes an excellent course of general medical instruction. Their recent regulations are also superior to those originally laid down by them, inasmuch as they re. quire that the pupil shall pursue his studies in a certain order ; for example, he is not allowed to attend the prac tice of medicine before he has gone through certain other courses—an arrangement altogether proper, since the na ture and treatment of disease cannot he understood without a previous knowledge of particular organs and structures, as well as of the various agents we employ to effect the • necessary changes upon them. " Much l.as been said about examinations alone consti tuting the. test of knowledge; and we are decidedly of 1 opinion that "there is room for improvement in the man ner in which these are generally conducted in 'this neon try : bete, too, our continental neighbours furnish us with some examples worthy of imitation. But, conducted as OE ciently aspossible, they cannot be so perfect as to form an ab solute measure of scientific knowledge, much less of practical skill ; and the public are best protected against the evils of ignorance by the combination of a 'reliminary education, such as ought to send the pupil forth into the world fully qualified for the duties he undertakes, with an examination sufficiently rigid to ascertain whether his time has been properly employed. We think the apothecaries in a great measure combine these, because the former is shown by their regulations; and as to the latter, we know, and all medical pupils ought to know it also, that 114 have re jected a very large proportion of those who have couie before them ; thus proving their determination to insist on more than the mere production of the requisite testimo nials. One of the principal sources of these rejections has been a defective knowledge of Latin ; and it behoves the parents and guardians of medical students to direct their attention at an early period of their education on this subject. it Fur the information of thase whom it may interest, we gave, in a former number, the regulations which have recently been issued. In this Gazette will be found a letter from Mr. Watson, explanatory of some points which were not well understood. We perceive that two additional courses are required—viz., one of muteria medics, and one of chyrnistry, making it necessary fur the pupil to attend two courses of lectures on each of these subjects. Pupils are also hereafter required to attend medical practice at an hospital for nine months, or at a dispensary for twelve. There is sonic awkwardness in this arrangement, as we be lieve that at present pupils are not admitted to the medical practice of an hospital except fur six months, a year, or some longer period ; so that the pupils wishing to attend •medical practice at an hospital will be put to some incon venience, unless either they take out their tickets fur a year, or the physicians make a specific regulation, to suit that of the Apothecaries' Company. It is also speoitled to come within the limits of these regulations that the hospital must contain not less than sixty beds—a circumstance which it is of great importance for pupils to be aware of, as it excludes some of those certificates which have been advertised as admissible. " One word to the Court of Examiners, and we have done. 'P his journal professes to be perfectly independent in its politics with regard to all the corporate bodies, and as suredly the gentlemen at Blackfriars have had no cause to complain of us; but let them be careful how they alter their regulations without very sufficient grounds. Such things have been done elsewhere, and with an appearince of va cillation that has not tended to raise the character of the bOdy alluded to in public estimation. The Apothecaries have apparently been feeling their way, and it is probable they could not at once have determined with safficieut pre cision, the course of education most suited to those whom the Legislature has placed under their jurisdiction. Suffi cient time, hOwever, may now be considered as having elapsed fur this purpose, and we trust it will be long ere we have again to notice any change in their regulations." (FROM THE MORNING JOURNAL.) The manner in which the French are supplanting us in the different markets of Europe, and under mining our influence in every quarter of the world, is enough to excite the ire of a stoic. We have ex plained how we have been defrauded in our com mercial treaties with Prussia—how France has be nefitted by the dues we have relinquished—how the Americans exclude our woollens, and continue to supply our cotton—how from Spain we have been shut out—and how, upon the Rhine, we have been hampered by increased duties. We have dwelt upon these insults and injuries again and again, without producing the slightest effort, either of inquiry on the part of his Majesty's Ministers, or of explana tion from the aggressors. But the way in which the French are injering us in Portugal is a new feature i" the catalogue of our commercial grievances. The famou s 'Metliven treaty with that kingdom gave us a bounty on our manufactures equal to Is per cent. ad vatorm. British manufactures were ad mitted into Portugal under that treaty, on payment of 15 per e9nt, while the manufactures of other na tions were only a d missible on payment of a duty of 30 per cent. This' treaty expired in 1825,' and it has never been renewed.—An understanding was certainly come to by the respective, Governments • that the same regulations would be enforced and the same duties levied. But the distractions of Portu , gal. have . . rendered the marine police so lax, and the officers of customs have been so careless, and withal the people themselves have been alienated so much ,from the English, while, by our senseless and perni cious interference -in their private affairs, they have so universally become hostile to our interests, that neither has the implied engagement been rigor ously enforced, nor the contraband trade strictly inhibited. In every shop in Lisbon and Oporto are consequently to be seen French and German manufactures, where similar manufac tures were never seen before. Onr trade is com pletely destroyed. The Irish merchant may now keep his butter to himself, for the Dutch can out sell him. Our linens are superseded by the linens of Germany. French cloths have supplanted the cloths of our friends of Leeds, while French printed cottons, French hosiery, and Flanders lace, exclude similar articles of British manufacture. Good God I Does the Duke of Wellington know what he is do ing—or rather what he is not doing ? for if this in• attention to our interests be persisted in much longer, we will soon not have a consumer left except our own happy landholders. At this moment we have not a single ship of war in the Tagus. British re sidents and British interests are entirely unpro tected. The French have assumed our place. They occupy our station in that river, and have seized upon what we have abandoned. The French have a brig of war off Lisbon, called the Falcon, of 28 guns. This vessel gives .protection to the French specu lators, as well as to the agents of Palmella and his faction in England. On board of this brig is an in triguing lawyer, a native of Oporto, of the name of Borges, who is notoriously in the employment of Palmella. This man is protected by the French, and all his exertions are directed to insult and em barrass the present Government of Portugal. The naval officer by whom he is protected is a creature of Hyde de Neuville, the greatest enemy of Eng land that possibly exists, and he is stationed in the Tagus by that Minister for no other purpose than to in jure our trade,annoy the Duke tie Cadoval,and promote the miserable intrigues of Palmella—some of Which perhaps we shall expose ere long. This conduct on the part of the French liberal Ministry shows the spirit they cherish towards England. If they can injure us in airy possible way they never let a single opportunity pass. They aim at ruling Portugal as effectually as they now domineer over Spain; With Spain they had sonic connexion, and were to a cer tain extent interested in her welfare. But with Portugal they have no concern. They ought to have no trade there, for they consume none of the produce of Portugal. But Mere they are; they are intriguing, we are asleep ; they are fomenting divi sions, we are negociating a thousand miles distant from the spot where we should have an.able resident Minister, and in the mean time our trade is in a galloping decline. (FROM THE NEWS.) ALNIOST A SHAMPU TO KNOW DISK Li." We return to the subject of this country, ever and anon, rather as a matter of duty than of choice; be cause we feel that with its ultimate fate, good or bad, the fortunes of England are indissolubly bound up. Neither can enjoy a separate existence of inde pendence and prosperity ; the Powers of the Con tinent have nothing to do but " divide (them) and conquer?' If we consider Ireland,,first, in reference to her soil, we shall find that it contains lee nrilhou acre(English) of waste land; which might be all reclaimed at an average of about 71. 10s. per acre, so as to produce a rental of 1/. per acre; while by the most ordinary improvement in agriculture, the ex isting good land might be made to produce one-third more than it does at present. This is all demon strable Truth ; yet from the writings, of many of our publishing legislators of the time, one might be led to conclude that the production both of man and food in Ireland, had arrived at its ne plus ultra ; and that nothing remained but to transport a surplus population to another quarter of the world, where the productive powers of the earth were yet somewhat in advance of the multiplication of the human species; or otherwise leave the supernumerary portion• of the Milesiau race to the Malthusian regulators of supply and demand ‘,‘ Pestilence, Disease, Famine, War, and Company." Any of the Absolute Monarchies of the Continent would see their way how to avail themselves of the capacities of such a country, with out troubling the question of the " real presence." What is most to be wondered at is, that the most obvious of all methods of benefiting Ireland, is not attempted : we sustain a Protestant Clergy at an immense expence to promote jealousy, strife, discord, and all uncharitableness; and we maintain in idle ness an army that would garrison Egypt (the " Gra nary cf the World"), to prowl about in menacing counteraction of the mischiefs excited by the Par sons ! One year's pay of the whole of this phalanx of destroyers would, properly employed, constitute a capital, that—(with the concession of political rights)—would transform the Sister Island into a comparative Fairy Land of happiness; threatening instant rivalry with, if not triumph over, the arts and the sciences, the comforts and the splendours of life, as they are found in England. Favoured by a sin gularly healthful climate, a prolific soil, and a chi valrous people, Ireland possesses in an eminent de gree all the elements of national greatness ; and all the means of a moral ascendancy among nations lie thick around her. Yet as she now exists, in her serf-like connexion with England, she is feeble before her own enemies or ours ; and formidable only to the entireness of that common empire of which she should be the first and chief bulwark. There is really something monstrous iu witnessing the exportation from Ireland every year of many thouiands of able men to England, living partly by labour and partly by plunder on our agricultural districts ; who leave behind them, in their own native scenes, much finer soils in a profitless waste, than those from which they come to gather the brief dole of a charitable employment. The subject of a legal system for the protection of the Irish Poor, has di vided even the usual divisions of public men; and when we consider the plunder that is practised on the English people under the forms of the Poor Laws, we do not wonder at it. Such a relief could only be constructed so as to meet with proper sup port, under regulations essentially different from any known in England. A Poor's Rate should be that which it professes to be, and nothing else; and ought to preclude a support in idleness under any and all forms, except that of sickness; but here the term would lose the force of its application. It ought likewise to exclude what is called " out-door pay." There should be no haY and three quarter paupers. The whole force of the moral degradation of pauperism ought to be left to its operation on the mind. To attempt' to force a code of Poor Laws on Ireland, without a complete and elementary revision of the whole system, would' be to turn a cloud of locusts upon it that would literally detour c apital, land, produce and a ll. A wr i ter iu The Quarterly" seems to consider that " Vagrancy" and a system of " Poor Laws," cannot co-exist ; but this is a legal distinction; the Law assuming the non-existence of Vagrants; but all the Laws in the world cannot suppress Vagrancy; all that it can do is to spoil the trade of the Vagrant, if we may so speak, by rendering it one not worth pursuing.— Vagrancy in Ireland has arrived at its maximum, un less the Lord Lieutenant and his Court are destined, to turn out and join the beggars. But numerous as this Milesian Lazaroni may be, there are at least three acres of waste land to every beggar ; and three acres (half cultivated) to any Irishman, is a good Estate. A million of Irishmen employed in grow ing murphies to export to the manufacturing districts in Lancashire, &C., would employ 10,000 persons in land and water carriage; and furnish. the markets with the article one hundred per cent. cheaper than it is now supplied. If the Emperor of China were to be placed for twenty-four days on the English Throne (granting law and custom to be in obeysice) he would remedy nine-tenths of all the evils of the e mpire by the simple operation of common sense.— He would probably order Lord Kenyon and Mr. O'Connell to be imprisoned in the same cell, until they agreed on the subject of Catholic Emancipatiou (that is, if their disagreement became a publiC annoyance). What would some of our pa litical economists do with the millions of Pekin ? They would,—if the labour of his Celestial Majesty ° rested on their shoulders,—menace with emigration "all the undiscov:.-red parts of the world; but eveu begin to lay down companies for transferring the population to the moon. In China, nothing of the kind is required. The principle that " Man wants but little Lere below." is there met by providing him with that little in the plainest straight-forward way which necessity and the common nature of things point out. (But more of Chinese politics in a future paper.) Whatever room there may be in Ireland for a profitable em ployment of the people, it is now too late in the day of peril, to take up the subject as is leading one; it must follow in a subordinated position to other considerations. At one period, not long ago, more than Io,ooo.beggars roved daily about the streets of Dublin ; a situation to which it is again daily ap proaching. It would only require a • word from O'Connell and tile Priests to transform this universe of beggary into military array. The Government , know this; and th e y k now th at anot h er Parliamen tary rejection of the Catholic Claims would be im prudent. Lord Camden, at the Kent Meeting, while admitting that he was liable to contradiction by those who were opposed to him, and who knew as much as himself, if he stated that which was not true, said that there was no objection in a certain high quarter - to a final adjustment df the Catholic Question; but that on the contrary the Royal mind was made up to some State measure on the subject. In this view of the question, the usurped title of the Bromwich Clubs is equally insulting to the Throne as to the Parliament. It is attempted to impress the idea that Government dare not concede the • political rights of the Catholics. We might perhaps with more pro priety, and with more justice, say that Government dare not further delay that concession. Nobody could have mistaken the indications of the crisis that has been forming on the state of Ireland for these last seven years, had they exercised the commonest spirit of observation; but now nobody will deny the result ; the question is how to meet .it. Mr. Peel himself no longer holds out as a bigotted anti-Catho lic; he may maintain in part his former opinions ; but he has remitted his hostility. Yet this con sciousness of the necessity of a change in the policy relating to Ireland has only produced indecision at present. If Ministers dare no longer refuse justice to the " seven millions," so neither, dare they, ap parently, grant it. The " Great Captain" on this side of St. Gerge's Channel, and his crack Lieu tenant-General of Cavalry on the other, are quite satisfied that things " must not go on" in their pre- Sent course ; that they " will not retrograde;" and " cannot remain stationary." All this is seen as clear as the " sun at noon day." Every day's peace is presumed upon ; and we are safe " because the post has come in without a des patch for troops." " Look at the map of Great Britain and Ireland," says a work just published— at Paris of all places of the world—while the Gaul is attempting to involve us in a war in the East: " Observe in the former, the greater distances from John o' Groat's house to the Land's End; and note the length of the southern base of the triangle; and then regard the form of Ireland !" The form of the latter is then geometrically laid down, in re ference to military operations ; and all this analysis of the tactician is part of a pamphlet for enabling Ireland to " achieve its own independence," as it is pretended, in a sort of legal way !—in the same manner as France invades the Mores, in fulfillment of the Treaty of the 6th July ; leaving all the world to wonder what sort of a connection there can be between circumstances so oddly grouped; Though we may be destined to walk over the slumber of vol canic fires up to the day of the Session, we shall at the very threshold of it be plunged on the com bustible question of Mr. O'Connell's return for Clare. Thus will the state of Ireland be forced upon the attention of Government in a matter of great legal doubt and difficulty ; nor will Parliament be able to escape from the many and multifarious con sideratiOns which demanded its attention in that part of the empire from one week to another (FROM THE ATLAS.) MR. SHELL'S SPE-Mi.—lt appears that Mr. Shell writes his speeches. The journals, morning and evening, have been cruelly satirizing this worthy gentlemau for premeditating his harangues, just as if it was of any consequence whether his senti-' meats were written with his pen or delivered by his tongue. So long as he avows the sentiments at tributed to him,. all purposes required by them in their public capacity are fully answered. Beyond that, the question is one entirely of a personal na ture. Mr. Sheil's mode of communicating his opi nions is altogether a matter of taste; if it so please him to write an essay on Catholic Emancipation and send it to the newspapers with a request that it may be inserted as a speech in 'the usual oratorical form, we do not see what the editors have to . do with it. And vice versa, if Mr. Shell speak a speech, and re quest that it may be printed in the editorial form, it is a matter of no consequence to the public, so long as Mr. Sheil acknowledge that the substance con tained therein is a true reflection of his views. We certainly might bring the orator to account in the one case, and the writer in the other; but the man we have no right to task. Men have various fancies. Opinion is a fickle goddess. One man may hold it delightful to tattoo his face, while another colours his with rouge. It is in the fashion of the thing alone that the grounds of dissension can be found. It is not the usage in England to print that as a spoken speech which was in reality a written document ; but there the dispute ends. We have nothing to argue about but a question of taste. 'We have no right to arraign Mr. Sheil's notions of oratory. He speaks eloquently on paper; his cheek is foolscap that never blushes, nor can it turn paler than the manufacturer has made it. Let him enjoy his letter-press cheers; his huzzas and bravos are not of the noisy, vulgar kind ; they come from the lips of solemn, leaden type ; they outlast the plaudits of the mob; they are permanent, durable shouts, and of the most convenient nature, for they come in just where the pen-ink-and-paper orator chooses. What right have we to arraign Mr. style of speaking. He is a quiet Demosthenes. He addresses the men of Kent from the recesses of his sanctum—he appeals to the Catholic Association from his little study-desk—he denounces the Orange Magistracy through his trumpet-tongued goose-quill--and warms his toes over Newcastle coals, while he anathematizes the Duke of that name. It is his whim--his caprice—his fashion —and who shall dispute the manner and mode of his publielspeaking ? If he be charged with brawling in the Forum, he may triumphantly point to his closet—if he be charged with uttering words that carry sedition, he may exultingly point to his inkstand—if he be charged with having excited the infuriated passions of the forty shilling freeholders in Clare, he may proudly call in e t the i e e v f id e e e t n cof w e hi le his he cat and d delivered j oLth se a l f t o l y on the ru g at he imputedr g ma ue. nner a l n a n efareti,iehpalheaasseas,riagnhdt to oo call address his p tvshre p i turnluaghrsiliiseaprei any and his speeches writings, just as it suits his fancy —provided he will acknowledge him self the legitimate parent of the opinions they contain. Mr. Sheil was prevented by the impatience of the Meeting, from speaking longer than half an hour, and even then the tumult was so great and the in. terruptions so frequent, that of course he could sot deliver his sentiments in the order or at the length he originally designed; consequently, the printed speech, and the speech actually spoken, differ essen tially, in the main points of quantity and quality. The prepared copy appeared in the Sun, Times, Morning Chronicle, Morning Advertiser, and llfroftranuiidzgisi j us t lyer al4 chargeable ; end thus, though no imputati on o upon Mr. Sheil, a pub licity has been given to his arguments which they were not fairly entitled to, in a report of the pro ceedings of the meeting. It is certain, however, that Mr. Shell would have spoken the speech—if be could. • SHIPPING INTELLIGENCH, LIVERPOOL. L tit FRIDAY, O CT . 31.--Wind N, N. i gn 32 minutes past Live.—Arrived the George Ca l t a ; ' Allyn, from New York ; M`Mastet, Maranham ; Chili, ----, from CampeachY; 7, o rti Rooderkirk, fro m R otter d am; Eli za b eth, Rotterdam. St CLEAR fil) OUTWARDS-The D o l p hi n , Ferrer, cm. CA' town ; Cornelia, for Isle of Bourbon. SATO RDAy, Nov. I —High water 48 ruin. pa° : Th e . d Arrived the Despatch, C ra bb, from Palermo ; ° j il t% Nancy, Head, from Valencia ; Thomas Parsons, from Demerara. Lir CLEARED OUTWA Ens.—Ann Paley, Eborall, bon ; Fanny Connell, Joy, for Genoa ; Douro, St i lt; for Oporto ; Manchester, Lee, for New York ; A7 ; - ,to: Jones, for _Naples ; Thomas, C urrey , f or B raz il ; HO"' ' for Savannah. COUNTRY CORN MARKETS DURING LAST WEEK. Who.it Barlei. Oats. --. 4. Per Quarter. s. to s . S . to S . s. t o S. Lof Callitae 73 38 25 Carmarthen 52 32 ,—,. 114 Ilexhara f. 9 70 27 33 18 25 0 " 41 Morpeth 60 66 36 40 18 25 SS l'ourith 74 24 gti Sheffield 7O 84 36 40 94 95 af, ,811 Wiuchester , 70, 91 !33 ieu 2v lOS Per Bushel. s. d. . s.d. s. s.d. s. d. a. ‘l. ,' 6 Coventry 7 3 90 3 2 42 3 4 40 5 „' Newcastle (Stafl:) ,11 0 11 6 6 6 7 4(I 5 0 7 " Northallerton I 8 0 90 40 4 3 23 Statlbrd 1110 112 50 56 4 0 4 3 87; el Swansea.._ ;B9 99 40 46 2 6 32 . 0 7 6' Warwick ;8 8 10 0 46 56 33 50 5, ' n Per Boll e . arnarchastl—..... ;19 0 20 6 9 0 9 6 5 4 -7 4 0 7 it I>artington 16 0 22 0 9 6 11 0 (1 0 7 0 9 m " Durham-- '156 19,0 96 96 59 76 10 , WoLsinghain 0 17 6 8 6 9 0 6 0 7 6 0/ There is again WAKEFIELIi, a short arrival of ' Wlmat up rleif . fi g. and the supply from the farmers i s on l y small. et Wheat has been readily taken off at an advance of t quarter. Old Wh eat i s 2s. per quarter higher, but Pooeod free of sale as the Now. O ats are rat h er dearer. . A c t heavy Barley obtains the rates of last Friday, but slii . .a. descriptions arc very dull sa l e , and chiefly remain 0 11 ..... P - 01 Beans arc plentiful, and inset heavy sale at a teduoss w is Is. per quarter. The Malt trade is dull, and price . ' rather on the decline. Wheat, Red, Norfolk and Suffolk 7ls. to 92a. fine .I,„ ._ Lincolnshire 7is. to 90s, line i f 7s. Yorkshire, etc . 74a to 7ils. tlae poo ------- White Foreign, Old 7os. to lei. fi ne 440 . Barley, N u o o r oo fol i k os a h n i d re Sofiblk ..... .., Ls . . t t o o 4.9e 43,. . Ohe tine4 o. o. 4. : --- Yorkshire Wold 4la. to 445. tii3e pi. • Beans, Tick • 403. to 465. tin ; 7 a, : - 97e; es,- - &nail 37s; to 465. tine i ' s,j, Oats, Poland and Potato As. to 32* flu' Friezlsnd and Small J:): is. to 295. tine,,,,,,, --- Drooling ' 106 d. to WV. per"?.:,;t Shelling 365. to —s..—s. to 39-3. per I , na, Malt 47s. Ws. tine 52,,. per Lf:r t . Rapeseed 264 Os. 961. 04. 301. Os. Per i____"7/ WAKEFIELD CATTLE MARKET.—Oct. lg We had an abundant supply of Beats and Sheep' r i; consequence of which the market was d u ll, b u t no al te tion in prices ca n b e no t e d. B eas t s , 400 ; Sheol), 10v.„. . LIVERPOOL MARKETS.—Nov. 1. The imports of Grain since this day week have not bee ; large, nor have the local deliveriee of wheat been quite s i heavy as of late. At thi s morn i ng ' s mar k et, though n importers were generally firm, and our quotations re ° ;;; • as on Tuesday, th e advance was scarcely sustained. - tiara or two large p arce l s o f f ore i gn Wheat, under loe k , been sold since this day week at 9s. Sd. a 9s. 6J• 70Ibs. but the present high average rendering the relate highly probable at the lowest rate of duty, it is, in quence, materially enhanced in value, and no Seile r ' to to Barley, in bond, has also attracted speculation; 2,000 3,000 quarters have changed hands at 4s. 2d. a 4S. 3 per 601bs. 0 4 The supply of B r iti s h p l antat i on S ugar :on t h e I nar o this week has b een sma ll ; t h e sa l es are therefore oPIY ,1 hhds., cousisting principally of Barbadote,' for which Priem were obtained ; the grocers, however. do not aPP e . O anxious to add largely to their stocks. Nothing done is' Bengal and finvign Sugar. West India Mol as ses all e , steady dema n d, an d a b ou t 200 puncheons 'have been 4 . 11 " posed of. Our Coffee market remains rather inactive.":, Rum steady : about 200 puncheons have been taken, prosr by the trade, at full prices. There has been a good rnand for Cotton throu g h ou t th e w h o l e o f ' t h e we ek, e ll . the prices of a ll d escr ipti ons h ave b een f u ll y ma intaio , 4 The sales mamma to 16,640 bags ; the arrivals are 1 9 / 1 4 bags.—The demand for Tobacco has been good, and or wards of 300 , hhdo. have•been disposed .of.—The trait-O, ' tiona in Logwood 'have been limited, consisting of l ow d lo o ts i n o g f j n a rut i c g a o, an th d e Ca d ea fi lTr e s a rle h i Y uTe U r g b ag er e e d Lotalon sale, which terminate.lon the 30th ult.—Nig' O and Tallow continue stea,ly. l a ias t tnhoetCebeenanplaPnU;4ll SCOTCH MARKETS. HADDINGTON CORN MA RKRT.,-.oet. 31. Otis and Barley met quick sale to-day, and the averages of both have advanced ; 269 quarters of Oats in alark g ' and only two unretutned ; top ls., and average 9J. oP; 148 quarters of Barley were offered, 12b .sold—top g l i e 0 same, as last day, average up Is. 41(I. Business in ro e Wheat market was very dull, and , about one-fifth of the Wheat.remained unsold ; prices, however, are higher to: day than last•market 2s. on the top, and 2s. 8-12(1. 0 " the average. Pease and Beaus are both up ou the average', 1 Wheat. Bsirley. Oats. roue. Be First 92, Od 446 Oti 31s Oil 39s 6tl 42a u.,,,, Second 766 051 40s Od 27s Cd 38s ()d ;Os V': Third There were 336 qrs. of Whoa in market, 283 wher e of w ere so 2? Unsold.-71 Grey. ~31. 15s. 11d. 1.12t1t. . Aver; DALKEITH CORN MARKS The supply of all kinds of Grain sold rather slowly but at more money. Meat. Batley. Oats. Sts Od 41s 0.1 30A Od Second... 74s 0,1 30s Od 2lfs Od Third..... trds Od 30s Od 22s 01 l'.—Oct. was larg, Wliea~o Pease. 4ld Od 3tii Od 30$ tld Beans. 446 Beam SO% tm CORNWALL. MARKETS. Tauao — Wheat ( t a , v v er s ag . od e) 1•44. Od. to 14a. y ST. AusvoLL—Wheat, 255, to 2Ss.—Barley, 13s. to 15i.--Oath " ... t i 3d rie .— y, B i ar 3s l . e z. l34.—Oats, I BOUM IN —Wheat (average) 295. W.—Barley, 134.64.—0at5, LAUNCESTON—Wheat (average) 27a. Od.—B a rl e y, 13s. 0d.—.4 12s. t; °II BKTAR—W B D e.e4 eat, 25. 6d. 6d.—Mutton, 5L 24 4.--Barley, 134. 0d —Oats, /2' ' to Os. Od. Sr. CoLums—Wheat, sal. to 31s.—Barley, 121. to Ha.-15 Mutton, 5d to dd.—Veal and Lamb, Od to Fd. PaNzaNcE—Wheat, 30s. to 39s.—Barley, 14s. to 16..--Ot t _t lOs. to Its. 041.—Beet and Mutton, sd. to 6d.—Pork, Sid e to 44t• Butter, Rld. per lb. DIMING INTELLIGENCE. Tout. CO' Quantity Of Copper Ore so ld at ltedrutli lost Thuretlay 241 I ° Average Produce '7% ° Quantity of fine Copper 1, , 04 w"' Amount of Sale. 1r,,2001. 6e. Od.—Average Standard. 1121. i• BIRTHS. On the 19th :ult., at Raigwore•house, near Invero6 9l ' the lady of Alexander Mackintosh, Esq., late of Rumba'' , of a son, which survived only a few hours. On the 29th ult., Mrs. Henry Whitehead, of White" head's-grove, Chelsea, of a daughter. MARIIIED. On the 12th of May last, at the Consul's, Valparaien , Alexander G. Miller, of Santiago, Esq., to Jeaa Nugen t ' White, eldest daughter of John White, of Valparaiso, EA' On the 1 et instant, at Hanwell, Middlesex, by the Re!' • Dr. Walmsley, rector, John Gray, Esq., of Capberwell grove, to Miss Sheen, of Brent-lodge, of the foriner place. On the 4th ult., at St. Thomas's Dublin, Sir Charle s Drake Dillon, Bart., of Lismullen, in the county of Meath , to Sarah, relict of the late Rev. J. C.'Astltton Miller, D. D . l reetor of Milton, Northamptonshire. On the 30th ult., at St. Mary's, Islington, Thomas rar' ker, Esq., of Furnivars-inn, to Lydia, daughter of Georg ° Woolley, Esq., Par k- s t ree t . _ On the Slit ult., at Christ Church, Maryleboop,lo .4 Colonel Ilattlebury, C. 8., to 31ra. Brown, late d Cool' On the SOth ult., at St. Mark)* Church, Keaningtoo , Mr. Frederick Blakslev, of Bistiopsgate-street-within i Harriet Anne * eld es t d aug h ter o f A. 1.. Pfeil, r.. sq., ° Wembley-house, Surrey. DIED. On the 2d instant, at South Lambeth, Ann, wife William Chamberlain Hood, Esq., and only daughter of the late Charles Brown, Esq. On the Ist instant, of inflammation, Charlotte, wife of Mr. C. A. Savage, Fetter-lane, aged 47. On the 22d inst., accidentally drowned in iLe river Thames below Gravesend, William Charles Alison, eldest eon of the late Mr. Wm. Alison, of Dundee. On the 31st ult., at Hastings, Robert Sutherluid, 100 of the island of St. Vincent, in the West Indic* and Vt . Mil!mount, Rossbire, in North Britain, Esq. On the 27th ult., Mr. Jow l Oi enn i e , o f , aged 6‘ On the 2Sth ult., William Barnard, Esq., of Wplshorsv , •'' le-Willows, Suffolk, a ge d 76. On the 25th ult., after a tedious illness of nine years and. three months, Mary Ann, second daugl,ter of cal,taio Tobin, Cornwall -street, Liverpool. PAIN I'ED and PUBLISHED by MURDO YOUNG, f it tbo Sim Orricr o 112, SraoD, Lonw, A v at 40 La A" ~'+~lt cbe p, %,,,,„ e , T Poo" Willi a Joh n - Frith, C. w Aavu : 1 0 , Low 4 4 for I le tow beam LoN 1 , , !.1)12 tos titv, 11 9y s , 'kVA Not w *k b 6 'ktiu t ; Vtlt, 1 4 ,R, , tu 1 14 iPt °P as Thi s tii kkh le•b u b 14 ' 4 , hi t fi r i ile4U L al oce 4 4 4. 3.. , N.); qati, War Th, ) Oo ak klotip r 4ateria ~Mee ,~ ( Ev e Ro 64c ` t 11 ,, e 4r( gCIIOIII