The Sun. — London, England, 1819-11-24 00:00:00

,nated by the 'Chancellor Of the Duay, at the re miiest of many respectable inhabitants ; and he in contend their -conduct was not chargeable with any imputation frf culpable neglect or wilful ert or The meeting in question was composed in u great measure of persons who had marched to the ground in military array—large bodies of individuals bad been for months before regularly training in military exercises. They came to the meeting with symbols indicative of their design to subvert the Coostitotion; with flags heaving the most iofiammatory and unequitsocal inscriptions. All these were strong presumptions its favour of the Magistrates.--(Hear, hear, hear !)--Tbe Magistrates had also oth r grounds for their con duct ; the intended meeting of the 9th of August was of a nature avowedly against all law ; the leaders received notice from the Magistrates that such a Meeting would not be permitted. Then the meeting of the 16th was resolved on. No charge had beets preferred against the Nagistratei, but all the Bills of Indictment hsid at their instance against the offending p.ir ias, ss ere without hesitation f oun d by the Grand Juries. The conduct of the Yeomanry, who net s recurred to, as all aSaiStailell! to the Civil Power, was, in point of fact, nniinpesch nhle ; neither they, nor any of the sold try, had made an unjust use of their power. The charges against liens were not found entitled to attention and that was strongly in their favour.— (Hear, hear !)-1-1e had nn doubt bur the at satisfactory account of their condors would be establjshed, and pinve a COMplere denial of tvlsat W 43 alleged against them. The Noble S'ectetary then proceeded to the vindication of the Miliwy who were caiied in Ott the occasion, and avowed that what was adjudged against them,particula Opine 15th regiment of litissars.was false and groundless, told this appeared irons he inquiries which had been set on foot, especially through Ilse medium of Sir Joists Byrn;;. Fur any More particular detail, he must reserve himself till the arrival of the day in which the subject should b.e particularly eon.blered, either with respect to the loyalty of the Meeting, or with refereote to any information of which Government were exclusively possessed ; and with respect to facts which could not be con ttoverted. He could venture to assert, upon his confidence inAhe opinions of those who had been consulted, that the conduct which had been so notch impugned, was perfectly justifiable. In cases of this sort their Lordships most be aware that to talk of a sweeping responsibility was of no • avail. On Wednesday the l'ith of August, two Gentlemen came to town for the purpose of potting his Majesty's Government in possession of the real situation of the stare of affairs at Man chester. This information more strongly con fir the propriety of proceeding in the course laid down, and with this accumulation of facts it had still beet) deemed necessary to forego proceedings until the opinion of the Law Offi cers of the Crowp had beets taken, which de clared the meeting to be illegal, and the conduct of the Magistrates jost and pr oper.—(hear !) What, lie asked, would have heirs the situation of these, Magistrates, who had sacrificed every thing to the service of their country, if iris Ma. jesty's Ministers, instead of doing as they had, had said, " Something may come out at sonic future time, and we bad better wait ?"—(}lean, heat !) —ll ad there ever existed any period at which their Lordship .harl beets more indispeo sably called • a to protect the Constitution and Laws of this Country 1 It had been stated that a oumger of persons had lost their lives at Manches ter,- and this subject was strongly dwelt on ; but it should be recollected that these were not 9se only persons who had suffered. One person con sleeted with the Police•offiee had actually been stoned to death in the open face of . day ! (Heat !)—Two other persons who had given evidence on the Inquest at Oldham, had had their lives placed its tine most imminent danger, having beets fired at several times, but yet their cases bad in some measure been lost sight of. There was not, in fact, doting the whole pro ceedings, one life lost us consequence of the laws; the course pursued was justifiable in every view of it ; and had the Atagistrates not acted as they had done, the situation of the country might have now been the most frightful. Their Lordships were now called upon to perform a great duty, and he felt convinced that they would so perform that duty as to give entire satisfaction to the coon try, at large, and satisfy the people that his Ma jesry's Ministers were doing every thing in their power to ameliorate their situation.—(Hear, hear, bear !)-1-le would not enter into the parti culars of the cause that induced his Majesty to dispense with the services of a NOble Earl to whom allusion had been made, but he must say that the conduct of that Noble Earl was such as to render it indispensably necessary to follow such a course. Atter ass aisle and argumentative speech, • his Lordship concluded by saying, that understanding the present subject would, at a.fts titre period, occupy the attention of their Lord. ships, Ise would not enter farther into it at present, but, at the same time, expressed his intention to vote fur the Address as it stood ; and if the Noble Earl persisted its his Amendment, be would meet with a direct. negative. Lord ENSK N E observed, the only quest ion now was to know ; whether their Lordships should vote for the Address or the Amendment ? The question was certainly one of the greatest interest ; and as the Noble Viscount sslio bad just sat down had told them that he would not enter into the lkinendment, he should - only detain their Lordship+ for a few moments longer. The question was no less than whether they should vote for the Amendment., or whether they should telt the people that their wrongs should he redressed by them. It it were true that the question would have been prejudged on the former occasion, what right had they to prejudge it now? He contended that many of the dangers that hay arisen were created by the non-attendance to the complaints of the people, and it was now for their Lordships to prove to them t Me they weret heir Representatives. There had beya meetings of great multitudes of the people, but it was not likely that, as in the present case, they would have taken with thee► defenceless WOUICii and children, if their ob ject Lad been really that described. If such was the case, the itiot Act ought to have been read, which did not appear to have been done. %Vas it to be said, that a man, because he was a felon, was to be sabred ? Was it to be said, that because the :‘lalistrates were right in dispersing the Meeting, the Millis, ,) were justified hr going into it', and cutting the people sight a ri left ? If the use made. of the Military on the pre scot ~casi. o n, were to pass nonutieetl, when it became legally lii(s .ry its use would become vitiated. He had been in a sitimico to stand before a Grand Jury at the very time the Privy Connell were del berating ou the very rtes of Parlia no tit in which hit application was founded. He was fill!7 c.o l e, l eed that the State could not be safe unless the petitiaris of t::, peopto were attended to, and lie L • called on their Mt-obi6ll,e to convince:them ihe-y (Irfermiß,l Drove to thew . .t wt. they %%et e sineere, hy x(l6pting the Antewl• mew. Lord KING. contended that notfiing thit bad passed subsequently had tended„ . to ellaylhe sensation that had been created by the transactions at Manchester. He complained that the multitude had been suffered to meet at all, and of the moment that had been thonght most proper to arrest the individuals. ,lbe'conduct pursued, he described to have had the effect of setting one class of the community at. variance with the other, and ascribed the prevent snot'. tion of the country to the want of a timely retort:. He ad verted to the sum await:NV to his !loyal Highness the Duke of York in the last Session, which he comploOlied of, as nid be also of the adjournment of the Oldham Inquest. I-li; Lordship concluded by lamenting that any circumstances should have arisen that might have the effect of breaking down the wholesome feeling that ought to exist between the people and the Government, and exhorting their Lordships net to come to any conclusion without duly considering the importance of the subject. Lot d CAitYsFonT art tied at very considerable length in support of the Address. Was it possible, he asked, that such a meeting as that which was now t lie subject of discussion, ruulel, marching as it had dime in sock frightful array, be considered as any tli"fog like a law ful ? If t tc pt inciple that had been contended for were to he acted on, what so curity load tioo it Lordships, ior the peaceable in habitaats of the country, for tiwir property? flow could they ti e secure, when false repres,m'ai Mos, all all the arts of thee d•sallecled, were resorted to for the put pose of poisoning the pohl , c mind. if such assemblies were to he sulfated, a n al thus, Ivy exciting violence, raise up a new Dynasty ? What would hate been said at the Revolution, if, io the time' Ilf 1,01 So wers, Grand .ho ies had been treated as ihey were wished to be at present.--rflear, hear !)-llis Lordship then adverted to the sitnatiou the Magistrates would be placed in, if they were nut protected, awl proceeded to enforce the necessity of upholding the State, and making the people sensible that their happiness was the first and riincipal object of his Ma jesty's Ministers. He concluded by regt-tling that he had not the opportunity of expressing his feelings to the late Lord Lieutenant, whom he had known fur upwards of fifty 'oars, and whom he had also known to have acted loyally on very many occasions, and lov expressing his hope that the pre diction would never be vcri-fieil. 1 h... Duke of ATnoLL defended the character of the northern parts of the lerigilinn, which his Lordship de scribed as ranking a; high is loyalty as any class of his Ma jesty's subjects, until the march of blasphemy and sedition had commenced among tiieni, aided as it had been be the d.- lezatcl who had been sent do..vn. Ile called on the Goret U ltima to wrest the deluded from the gripe of the dcorigogoes in question. Ile described the meaning of Radical Reform to he nothing less than one pet smi taking from another his :Nods. His Lordship then showed the necessity of the mea sures that had been adopted, and instanced the case of the French Revolution, to show the dangers to be apprehendcd from) women bring concerned, when it was known thAt they had gorse to the most dreadful excesses. Lord LILFORD Showed from a paper which be read, the rapid march of disaffection, contending for the pro priety of the measures adopted to stop the torrel:l. The Ma gistrates of Manchester were most desirous of explaining every thing. they had done. 11;mi GREY disclaimed any intention of imputing blame to the Ahnebester 111agistrates in particular, but had merely wished to imply the great importance of 4 he inquiry. The LOBl3 CHANCELLOR, in an able 31,ecch, defended the conduct of Ministers. He would not sacrifice principles to support the Manchester Magistrates, or any other Magistrates, but he would exert to the utmost of his power his abilities, in support of the people.—(Year, hear, hear.) — It was impossible, his Lordship contended, for any man in possession of the facts, to say that the Manchester :Meeting, was a legal one ; but, from what was now going on in the Courts of Law, he aln►ust ireaded to give an opinion, but, after the examinations that had taken place, who could say, if it was not treasonable it was lawful ?—(Hear, bear, hear!) — When every man knew as much of the eaae as his Lordship, he was convinced that no other conclusion would be come to. Much had been said about the Attorney-General not haring gone beforea Grand Jury, instead of bling ex officio infor mations. Now what was the fact? The case bad been be fore the Grand Jury, who had decided that no inquiry was necessary, and this they were to be told was the reason N•hy an inquiry was to be demanded.—(Hear, hear, hear')--'Tie Advocates fur Reform did Hut wish to matte the poor rich, but to make the poor pixir indeed. It had been said that there was an objection to enter into a Parliamentary• Inquiry, and that depositions had been refused to be received by certain Magistrates, but of what avail could a I'a►liamentary Inqui►y be when the question was now un der discussion in the Court of King's Bench? With respect to the observation of the non-reading of the Riot Ace, his Lordship observed, by the previous Acts, and there had been several of them, to that of Geo. 1., it was not possible that it could have been intended that in the event of facts arising within a quarter of an hour after the reading of. the Riot Act, that -would warrant the intef►•rvnee of the Magistrates, that they might not be at lilies ty to act, but must be compelled to wait the other three quarters of an hour until, in all probabi lity, the whole power of the State would be palsied—(l-lea!, hear !)—lo conclusion, his Lordship said he could not sit down without saying, that fvr the peace of the country, and on every principle of the English laws, the Meeting was illegal; Lord ERSKLNE explained. • The Nfilryness of LANSDoWNE contended, at very considerable length, on the danger of suffering the Ma gistrates to hold their power uncontrolled by the Legi.lature, which the refusal of the , present inquiry would , savour of. lie contended that riuti-,;e of its illegality ought to'have been given, as hail been done in the filmier instance, and condemn ed the arrest of Hunt after the - Meeting had Commenced, - when he misfit bave:beon arrested before, without incurring airy danger. The Government, he contended, had not so bunch to dread from the. Radicals, as front the general opinion of the country, that they did not act for their welfare, and which would alone strengthen the hands of the Radicals, and place the Government in the II URN ut and 41eSigili114 IMI , VeS,Cd Wit h the tedling6 he had expressed, he oft-, served that be was induced solely on that account to vote fur the azticticluicut of his Noble Friend. Lord LtveaPooL would not detain their Lord ;hips by going into a detail of the various facts that had conic to his knowledge, particularly as their Lordships were in formed that the subject would again become the subject of future inquiry. If the Aniendnieut were agreed to, one great object would be defeated, namely, the important fact that Parliament were prepared faithfully and diligeatly to ,tahe into consideration the state of the country, and to appease the feeling of the troubles which were stated to exist. His Lordship coincided fully with the Noble Lord on the ‘Vool sack, in the sentiments that had fallen from him. Was the situation of the country in 1793 the same at that of the pre sent day ? The Inquiry that then took place was on the safety of the country, and not respecting the Magistrates. He did not see how any Inquiry could nose take place, for if that was done they must suspend the operation of the Courts below; aliholl,;11 it was true a case might arise of so peculiar a nature as would warrant such a procedure; but could it he said that such seas the case now ? The Noble Lord then defended the conduct of his colleagues, contending that the Magistrates were warranted in the course they had pursued. He dwelt on the consegnenees that might have resulted, and declared that there never had existed a case i❑ which the merits had been more con,idered than that of the declaratio❑ approving of the conduct of the Magistrates. Let the case of the Nlan chester Magistrates be stated as it would be, to all the world. Let it be stated that ‘lO,OOO men came to the meeting armed, —let it be stated what teas written on their flags. " Liberty or Death," was the motto on one of them ; and then let it be asked if the meeting was not treasonable I If it was not trea .Wits it not tinlaWful ? did they not evince the omit:est disposition of carrying their object, if not by force, at least by exciting terror ? This was the feeling of the people of Manchester.—(Hear, hear, hear!)—Were eve}' such meetings heard of before?—(Hear, hear!)—Until with in these few years, such meetings ha na been heard of; and !oohing at the present one, was it trot to•be acknow• ledged a dutiful act of the Magistrates to disperse it? The Magistrates bad not atted until they had seen bodies of 2000, 3000, and even five and six thodsands of men, marching in military array ;.--and not till they had seen this did they pronounce the meeting to be illegal. Trial by Jury was now treated with contempt by some persons. What intention had been evinced toprevent inquiry ? Three weeks after the meeting, the Magistrates had preferred bills against certailt persons for their conduct at the meeting. But what followed. The Agent of some of the persons who had teen injured preferred five bills against the Yeomanry Ca valry, which the Grand Jury had ignored, and this was thine by a .lury composed of some of the highest rank and talent of the country, and Noblemen and Gentlemen of all par ties. If there was evidence against the Magistrates, let it he brought forward in a regular u. ; but front the course wish ed to be pursued, it should seem that there was a plan to Ott down the Magistrates of the Country.—(Hear, hear!) —it was not by the numbers of the disaffected, hot by clamour, that lievolution was brought about.—(Hear, hear, hear!) — If the present. proceedings were suffered to goon, it mattered not what their numbers were, as it would, without any parti cular increase, involve the Country in destruction. The loyal part of the Country now looked to Parliament for protection, and nothing short of giving it would secure them. I,!ird LANSDOWN cxpl:►incd. The Earl of CAIINARVON supported the. Ainendment. The Alargness of BUCK:MiI - IAM shortly supported the Amendment, and agreed in the necessity of trnarding by all Fusible means against the clangers with whit It the Coo,' tt tion •.yat menaced, by the seditious proceedings or the present time 3. The House then divided on the question of the Amend ment— Not-Contents ... Proxies Contents Proxies ..... 121 :.--- 159 Majority for Ministers ... 145. ta:ljourned at HALV-PAST ELEVEN. HOUSE OF COMMONS. At a quarter past two o'clock, several Members haviog been .present, the Deputy Usher of the Black Rod summoned the House in the usual manoer, to the Bar of the House of Lords. The SPEAKS R then proceeded, with a number of Mem kers, to the !loose of Lords, and on his room acquainted the Houie, that, during the recess, he hut! issued his warrant for new Writs for Mem bers, to serve (or the following pher2 :—The County of Longford—tbe County of Kent-the County of Her ford—Kinross-shire—the Ci?) , of Heretortl—the City of Chichester—the Borough of Arundel—and the Borough of Banbury. Twenty-five new Members took the oaths and !heir seats. Naw IVRIT —A new Writ was ordered 'to be made out for a -Member to serve, for the B.sroueb of Peterborilogh, in the room - of the Hon. Win. Lamb, who had accepted the Stewardship of the Chiltern Hundreds.' The Clandestine Outlawry Bill WAS read a first time. THE ADDRESS. '• The SPCAKRR acgiiaintr►i the Howe that it bad heen to the house of Lords to bear the Address Of his Royal Highness the Prince Regent', - and that in order to prevent mistakes, he had procured a copy of the same. The Right Honourable Gen tleman then read the Speech (for which'see our Lordb' fleport.)_ The lloir: - J.-SomEas .Cocxs then rose to move the Address. Approving as he did of the means pursued by his Majesty's Government, and feeling it his duty, under existing circom.tances-, to avow his sentiment -4, he rose with much pleasure upon the present occasion to move the Address, in answer to the Speech front the Throne. With regard to the first topic introduced in the Royal Address, he was sure that no difference of opinion could be found in that House. The allusion to the corninned iodi';uosition of our venerable Sri vereign would be received with an mianimoos feeling. But in calling upon the House to ex press its sympathy (or the afflicted state of his Majesty, it was impossible that their tniutis should not be attracted to the blight example of moral and domestic excellence, which that illtivt ions in dividual had left behind him, anti which he fer vently hoped might long be cherished and held up for imitation it, this country.—(Hear, hear !) It was with a particular feeling of in crest he pointed to the character of our Sovereign, at a time when all those virtues, which so eminently shone forth in his person, were every day in dati ger of being destroyed by the machinations of evil disposed. Amid here he should ask, was it tint monstrous to suppose. that persons professing a friendship for the people—et deep regard for their rights and privileges, should prove so obstinately inimical to their true interests and comforts ? (Ilear!)—Upon this occasion here were some coo -1 sideratioos which demanded the most serious alien ' (ion of the [louse. They were assembled at an 111111 sual.seasoo, in consequence of a spirit of disaf fection 'having manifested itself in many parts of the manufacturing districts. There never indeed was a time when the public eye was more atteo live to their proceedings than at present.—(flear, hear I .)—When the general ansiely was therefore so extraordinary, as compared with other occa sions—wheu it was notorious that attempts were daily making to undermioe the institotions of the Cotortry—to detract from the veneration of reli gioniMl to sap the foundations whereon law and social order were maintained ;—wl,eu this was the case, he would ask, did there Out now exist a pet iml of diffictiltysnfEcient to none every divided interest, and evety party, in order to avert the blow from the common enemy ? (11,, t n,—Were they tint taught to look up to the Constitution as their sateguard— as the best sects dry for all classes ? Hut lie should now a void pressing the consideration of a qnestion,to which the pursuit of this topic would neeessari;y lead bin). lie was aware that men ernioAnt .for their eloquence and knOwleilge had already given their opinions to the world upon it. lf," then, be Was justified in saying, that it was the duty of • every Man to give what suport he could towards , the maintenance of the Constitution, was tie not eight in thinking, that every difference of o pinion . as to other points should be tnerged in the gene" . rag feeling of common se'ety and commou rt".:" section ? It was, he should ev e r maint a in ; thew . dutye—anal a.. duty paramOunt to allothers"---to hand down to their posterity theConstitut ion with all its means of security.—(Cheers.)—Tilts - was a question which should at once destroy every ' thing like party spirit. In times of quietness and security, he had no objection to a regular Opp ' skims. It being in his mind evident that no daft' , ger proceeded ttuftt Ministers, perhaps it was n't going too far to believe, that it came float that class of persons expressly alluded to in the Speech. . Ile was sloe it was by no meatis enreasooable., 1 to fix at least th e soapicien, that this dodge r arose (tern the loug. s concerted attempts of those not ot ionsly disloyal and setlitious—f root me" ; who were bankrupts in lot tone, in cha . tauter, and iii principle. Was it not manifest, that there was a class of persons in this country, the aunt of whose daily exertions it teas to tinder ' mine the public feeling of reskat for religion ? %Vas it not their constant purpose to eradicate ' all those rules and.maxiinCot: conduct which are i so strictly inculcated by the System of faith which we profess ? !lad they not endeavoured but too I successfully to gain over to their wicked dnetrioes many of those who would have remained steadily I pursuing a course 'of honest industry it they had not been tampered with ? and, fioady, had they not attempted to create and multiply distress e for no other purpose than to fat m a pretext f u r the dissemination of their dcstiuctive principles ? It l ' was, he assured the flutists, a tact, that during the . late harvest, in those counties' from which the sot plus of the population used to migrate for the. purpose of gettiog employment tonongst the • oeig,hbour . ng farmers, they had run removed themselves, so ' strong was the d isi oClints !ion ca, eted it" their minds, isy the wicked incitemetata , , practised upon them. 'they had tentaihed in itiles. 'less and distress at home, expecting, as they weld wickeuly led to believe, all those btessiags which Reform was to Whig them. What was indeed the meaning of their Reform ? Flow different was it from the moderate 'teflon' of those who made lit form to consist with the maintenance of the Constitution, and the security and peace of the country! The word lt, form, it it meant ally thing , was only a cant tel m for llevohition. 'lke Re form he alluded to was that which contempt:yeti Universal Seffr,ige and Annual Parliaments—. . (Hear !)—He wished, indes!, that the appre • hensions which he ft It for the peace and security of the State, were groundless ; he would, be delighted to find that. he was wrong. But the unfortunate truth forced itself upon his mind. It was nut possible ter him to View whhe out dread the agitated state of different parts of the country, and see the determination with which an organi z ed system of hosiility to every thing established was carried on. 'lwo yea - vs ago, 411 assurance was plainly held oirt, that the friends , of Rero!ntion would b e f ou nd active i n their eodeavours. Date, o t iose! That the ir„ licentie - out attempts shoeld take cffect, they held public meetings from time to time, and 0. these assemblies they not 'vainly sought - to mature their projects. The consequence was, that they had nuw become much more Or" ganized.; they Marched in large regular bodies . about the country, haarieg ensigns and emblerna . , • offensive to the well•disposed and •orderly pat or society. 'l' heir number tno was snfficient to edd eery anatetially to the danger. IVas it to he sup" posed t h at the persons resident in the different toWII4 VVIIVIC those budivs paraded, should not feel - some dresol for their properties and ciaietees3, era be would pot it to the Al embers•of the House, If they saw tlieir own propetties' in similar danger, 'Noaht they not naturaily'feel that they ought to become the immediate objects- of pro:ection to Government ? While addraising the Hattie net ' l3 this head, he could 'not but feel some 41U0S011 i t) a very delicate siarj,ct which might he expected from him. Ott that subject generally. he shbold decline giving ally aienion.—(Cheeting.).—He thoto4lit there was not sufficient inform,tion ad' _ ductal as yet, to eo;hie stay one to form a jadga mem upon it —(flear, hear )---fle wished, how . " ever, to,explain himself. lie desired Iry might be tinOtrsrooit to say, that jedging from rite intoroas titian he received, he saw uo icasoo whatevtr tot taking the matter out of the usual confte - ot In' vestheation, a nd certainly there were 00 tactics, " yet at least, assigned for so removing it. 1 InsE -' maxim_ of our law should never be forgotten' which says, everyman ought to be frested es ail innocent min until he is proved • to be guil!Y 4 - • and•if this maxim should be practised towessfs any set of men in particular, it should be 10W.8019 Mitgistrates.—(lle , r, hear j—No man shoul d stet considered as guilty, until he shall be declared to' 'beso by a Jury. He could not hut steal to the attention Of the !louse, the circumstance Ilra t bills of indictment had been preferred against th e Magirrates to whom lie alluded at Lancaste r. , and they wet e i limes n out. Wh en •h e 'rcflectetl ol :,i this circumstance, he owned he could not but t ee n that time was not information seflicieot to war rant him in supposing; the Magistrates to b . ; goilty. Upon the whole, theteloae, it was bit e Lair, that when particular subj. era like tilts wet.,a; made the objects of legal ietptitv, there sh o l; i r be no inteif. settee from tiny other quarter. 1 t) .. his part, he felt it• to he his duty to abstain f ro m expressing any opinion loam the sourest, and would now take his leave of it fur the present. s , e could not but ibiolt it extraordieery that " i n , leaders of that obnoxious class of n:en, to 7 1 1 ,e he alluded, should have beco so efficient in 1 ; .. wadi of mischief. Whet' he looked to the 1 0 g ee nuity which they exercised, lie was not a stonls e t n ' t ad to find that th e y had. o bt e in e d vocourafr'ert)e- t front the alliance Of 50 many of quite a thffel.na .. description front themselyes. H did not in o f to impute wit ked doctrines to the latter class iho persons, but he es-as ebliecdeo confess tht" d e, distinction between the two cltisses arieutly walked. lie coold not hot f''el t , " 0 there had heel) a leaning of one sh 4 e in "' 4 ` l , e irs gait, strength, and a leaning on the otT)er ( 0 t" -r • t u" - , appearance. With respect tot he addition 0 ee -Jot military force', he should say,•tbat it wits 0 " ~,,,; tying thing to find, that when we w e re a! P I ,j with all foreign enemies, we should be cuo'll e ' teas not svc :