The Sun. — London, England, 1841-08-10 00:00:00

~~~ MORN I ,NTG- SUN• ~.__ REAT WESTERN RAILWAY. Notic. is hereby given, that the next HALF ,EARLY i'IIEETINb of the PROPRIETO RS of this . . 43 : 1 IPANY will be held, pursuant to the Act .1 Parliament, 111 nristol, at the Bristol Station, on Tit u It SDAT, the 26th Au- Mt, at TWelve o'Clock, or the general purposes of business. The Chair will be taken at One o'Clock precisely. CHARLES RUSSELL, Chairman. ROBERT .BRIGHT, Deputy••Cha/rman. i r f 3STRANSFER•BOOKS will be CLOSED on the 16th and will not be opened until after the said Half-yearly rst Meeting on the 26th. Huse 123 provides that no person shall be entitled to vote flit proxy u n l e ss the instrument appointing him shall have 77 transmitted to one of the Secretaries of the Company at 'vast five days before the meeting.—By Order, CHARLES A. SAUNDERS, } ! • Seerctanes. THOMAS OSLER, Railway Office!, 2, Princes-street, Bank, London; Railway Station, BristoL L .AC KWA LL RAILWAY. i „ The RAILWAY TRAINS run from the NEW TER MINUS. Fenchurch-street, and also from the Minories, 'hadwell, Stepney; Limehouse, West India Docks , and Po p lar Statio ns , and from the Blackwall Terminus, every quarter of 1 : 1 hour, from Half-past Eight in the Moiling till a Quarter before Ten at Night (except Sundays during Divine Service), I'LL horn Half-past Ten to One. Fares, First Class 6d. ; Second Class 4d. N• l3 .—On Sundays the Trains will start from the Minories station instead of Fenchurch-street. 60 , Fenchurch-street, Aug. 2, 1841. LONDON AND BLACKWALL RAIL WAY COMPANY.—Notice is hereby given , that !' , e TRANSFER BOOKS of this Company will be CLOSED - "in MONDAY, the 9th inst. until MONDAY, the 16th inst., I l reFaratory to the allotment of the new shares. It is important that all out-standing Transfers should be b rought in on or before the 9th inst. for registration, in order that the allotment of the new shares may be made to the par. uti properly entitled to them. By order of the Board, J. WARRINGTON, Sea. [st 2, 1841. 60, Fenchurch-strcet, Aul 11 LACKWALL AND GRAVESEND. NEW FAST IRON STEAM BOATS. The (, RAILWAY," 1 The "BL ACKWALL," , The " BRUNSWICK," I " FATHER TH ANIES," ftd " SONS OF THE THAMES," STEAM BOATS. TIMES OF STARTING. FROM ELACEWALL. ?EOM GRAVESEND Al orning, at 9 Morning, at 7 Town Pier ' • 1144 --.' ..--, ,it Pa3t 7 Terrace Pier ... lb - ... h past 8 do. ... 4 past 10 ... 4 past II do. ... 1 1 Afternoon, i past 12 . do. Afternoo n , 4 past T ... 2 Town Pier ... 4 past 2 ... 4 past 2 Terrace Pier ... 5 past 4 ... 4 past 3 do. ... 4 past 5 ... 4 past 4 thr. ... 5 ... 4 past 5 Town Pier ... 4 past 6 ... 5 past 6 Terrace Pier .., 4 past 8 ... 4 past 7 do. FARES. __ . _ . Week Days—Chief Cabin, Is. ; Fore Cabin, &l. On Sundays--Chief Cabin, ls. 6d. ; Fore Cabin, Is. THE RAILWAY TRAINS 111,3 1111 from the NEW TERMINUS, Fenchurch- street, and from the Minories, Sbadwell, Stepney, Limehouse, West India Docks, and Poplar Stations , and from the Blacksvall t -rill inns, every quarer of an hour, from half-past eight in au looming, till a quarter before ten at n, g ht (exce p t on N 11 ,„ 1 7$ during Divine Service, viz. from half T est ten till ono). N o . 0 . On SUNDAYS the Trains will s tart from the MI IES Station instead of Fenchurch - stree t. Ron Fenchurch-street, Aug. 2, 1841. NATIONAL LOAN FUND SOCIETY FIFE FOR GRANTING ASSURANCES, DEFERRED ANNUITIES, &c. No. 26, CORNHILL. Cpital £500,000. Empowered by Act of Pari.ament. EIRECTORS. T. LAMIE MURRAY, Esq., Chairman. Ellioszon, M.D., F.A.S. i John Rawson, Esq. e u n Griffith Frith, Esq. Jelin Riddell Stodart, Esq. G eorge Gordon, Esq. Clement Tabor, Esq. ‘ , eorge Lungley, Esq. Joseph Thompson, Esq. AUDITORS. professor Wheatstone, F. R. S. I Professor Graves, A.M. F.R. S. 6„ Aerum—W. S. B. Woolhouse,F. ''' l ctxoas—Messra. Sweet, Sutton, Ewens, and Omman ney, 6, Basinghall-street. teed LIFE ASSURANCE. road es the perfect security to the policy holder of a large •atu o lI P capital , and accumulating funds, the followin g . is one nft th e c-t many of the advantages which belong exclusively to ItinZineinlei of Life Assurance and Deferred Annuities ori- At v - 7,:1 . by t Society, viz.—Power to borrow (without de -111;Con40se, Gr forfeiture) Two-thirds of all premiums paid 41 1" v of Assurance. .ne 2 '- for ass ,,:, lifted is a short Table, showing the Annual Premium :£lOO on the Whole Life, or for a Term : FOR LIFE. Su. A. B. Without With For One For Five Profits. Profits. Year only. Years only. .C. s. d. s. d. Z. s. d. Z. s. d. 20 1 13 7 I 17 4 017 0 017 6 0 24 4 211 3 1 019 6 10 0 40 L 2IS 85 3 13 10 15 0 V, 44 2 413 6 ,113 0 116 6 613 617 6 4 (3 0 0 39 6 T wcNthirds of Profits divided annually amongst the Assured. DEFERRED ANNUITIES DEPARTMENT. bred the plan exclusively developed by this Society, a sin gle 0-erred Annuity is made, not onlY to answer the same object, 4 4t t to far em, , ?ed in amount tlae„..entire benef4 of _the t i:ges heretofore only obtainedly the reirliile and industrious b tfi ,es through separate investments in Savings' Banks, Be ' Societies, and Loan Banks. 1. A k ost small yearly or weekly contribution will secure the s w _a,mple return for after life; thus-21. 12s. per annum (Is. I%,„ e i rK) at the age of 20, will give the policy holder the fol -4,21g option, a t th e age o f 65 7 V " 'ty for rema i n d er o f life. N u ................................... lith e '' , without further contributions , of 466 0 o at death. ‘ri t h er .Periods of life (of 50, 55, and 60 ) may be also taken s imilar advantages. 1 4rld T ,"ve-thirds at any time lent on deposit of policy, being a 3 .i , tvay s available during, sickness or want of employmcnt. 'ka t Two-third s of all payments returned to representatives n l i r , pre ma t ure d eat h. i n ti • Policies, as collateral money - se curit y , for p eriods of 4 "e years e ff ected at lower rates than are c harged by "Ltit i ,.."ler Office: (Sce Tables A. and B.), with option of c on. "ee for Life at the usual rates. F. FERGUSON CAMROUX, Sec. Ito l FURNITURE SALE DEPARTMENT . ANTECHNICON, BELGRAVE- N iT ,,SQUARE.—The largest and best select ed Stock o f it e , l 7."ET and UPHOLSTERY FURNITUR E ever exhi- Yi s li t `ov Sale, is always to be found in this Establishment, the e ver 7 q which is warranted of the best description, an article plainly marked at the Manufacturer's lowest price. Nio„,r 4, carefully packed and forwarded to any part of the 'la s • Houses of the first class furnished throughou t at a few t O' 'll ice. -----. ARRIAGES.—The 'Nobility and Gentry 'tesp e Lb mit to build for this or the ensuing season . are most 141, 0 * dfull y solicited to compare the quality, high finish, and T oe 1 1 ,ef Llis Manufactory for Building to order, purchase, and „ . I nky"i° b in g. Nearly every description of superior Carriage `vtr i complet7e, in great variety of colour, arranged for , A pe, and for lone- and short journeys. 'ilto e ' v excellent ones,' just off jobs, to be SOLD at prices Ni are' be satisfactory to country coachmakers requiring some 43 equal to new tor work and in fashion. \_2_ C r awford-street, Bryanston-square. SPOONS -- --- AND FORKS, 7s. 2d. PER OUNCE. k k_li - M. HORTON and CO. (Late AVERY), yri tb • Silversmiths and Jewellers, No. 36, LUDGATE % B E ET, ST. PAUL'S (opposite Messrs. Everington and „tl;if in '' ‘ , o ffer their elegantly-finished SILVER FIDDLE r ,'er n , •: - ' 4B and FORKS at fr . 2d. per oz ; the King's Pat ,\-aff:' c , 4 d• ; the Victoria and other Patterns, as also Tea and Feat ''ete, and other articles, equally moderate. A very 4 Nav3ariety of Dessert Knives and Forks in cases of Sets. e 'v 11 An immense Stock of splendid Fancy Goods and er.... , .. 25 to 30 per cent. below the usual London Charges. 1 i 1 -:------ 117/ PERS, OWNERS, CAPTAINS. and OTHERS Copie s of Te s .'imonials, Gratis, by all Agents. , lIIMSTONE'S EYE SNUFF.—Under the Op 1 Patronage of his late Majesty, her Royal Highness the 4, t e leas of Kent, mid the Lords of the Treasury, is universally ‘4l: l4 Mend e d by the Faculty for its efficacy in removing dis ,,.ta incid en t t o the Eyes and Head. I GPIT RESTORED!—NERVOUS HEAD-ACHE AND DEAFNESS CURED! PY the most simple , delightf ul, and fra g rant Com p ound! * `v mode of application is fraugh t with p leasure ; m a n y thou ad lis o cures have been accompli e shed by its use, at a trifling ex tot „ 4 1 yet certain in its operation. If t eimenies be necessary ta4;"ace the sufferer to ma ke trial, Kings, s Lords, and Cam ht "have used it. The Lords of the Treasury have sanctioned t't4C"- Their late Majesties, the Duchess of Kent, the most tki n ont Peels.ts Aledical Practitioners—with t , hat giganti d c . t ll - , ll( 'e, the P7ess—have eulogised Grimstone s , celebrate ” 'ar, i t ." k ceeus Compound, known as " Grimstone's Eye Snuff, 'la efficacy in removing - all diseases incident to the Eyes and ,-' 4 l i . G. J Guthrie Esq., F.R.S. See J. B. Lachfield, ittc . „ % Letter, Whitehall. Dr. Thomas. Dr. Andrews ealls 'kt m x ationai blessing—see his Reports touching its utility. The I tO rt . - "r• Abernethy, with many others, recommend Grim- St' - , s , Eye Snuff, ad call it "Alan's best Friend," and the ;,t '1 , ,‘ 3 , , 1t's Vade Mecum."—Sec the many thousand Letters sae 't'alonies, of undoubted medical authority, with others of I.tts r. st respectability. at t from the Second Edition of " Grimstene's Weather i Almanack." s S ts 7 , Skinner's Almshouses, Mile End, Jan. 26, 1640. 'ltl k - •i tk ••••:: think it my incumbent duty to return you my g , rate , - t ^llit . ,, uu'i edgments of the efficacy of your invaluable ' Eye ~°tlr „ Yo u roust understand, Sir, that 1 have for the last "Lein; - "ye ye ire suffered much with giddiness in my head and vi tatj a t ter sigl-t. I neurally concluded (being in my 69 th end, hat it was the decay of Nature, and was advised by a I'vti let \ ‘', l,o said so much in its favour, and the extraordinary Ora 1 12 7' Your invention, I was ircluecd to give it a trial, and 'ved fr l- 11 to say that the great and si::nal benefit I have de- I le to I : 4 n the use of four of your 2s. 4d. canisters has enabled 11 : 4 4.1, a j,,aside my ,spectacles, has given me great relief in my Ni„, u I feel so t 'inroughly convinced of its benign virtues, Ni / ••'Y gratitude sh6ll ever be evinced in recommending it to r na l y h ereafter mete,' suffering with those afflictions. s, am. Sir, y our .much oblige;. and grateful servant, . xo _ . ANN COLE. W• Grimstone Esq., 39, Veoad-stroet, Bloomsbury, I L, T 2 .ey of a Lett er dated Leels, July 4, 1834. 1 , kks, e k have receoed great benefit from your Eye Snuff. dh L'een afflieted te n years with Cataract , and was given ntk u ,,,y flue Medical Men but was recommended to use your 4latv:iutwehicrli completely cured me an a few weeks. You , may Y t z t i ting ° 2 nay name, if it will do you any good. Excuse Your's, ever faithfully, ;I:lir•-street, Leeds. PETER SANDERSON. . • Win. Grimstone, 39, Broad-street, Bloomsbury. Last Testimony, Feb. 10, 1840. Nis?bzrerve the Caution.—W. GRIMSTONE is the sole inn 3: , and the only genuine is prepared by him. eak`'a Odoriferous Herbaceous Compound of Herbs is sold in *l's, at gd. s le. 3d.. 2s. 4rl. , 4.5. 4d., 85., and 15s. 6d. 13 1 44 ; 1) 1' the Proprietor, W. Grim stone, at 3C, Broad-street, h~' l47a q , and can be obtained in all the prig cipal towns and ill . A liberal allowance to shippers, owne , s, captanis , and li s ' i l ltade 1 1 of Peimstone's Eye Snuff. This celebrated Snuff kaji:! ) Pett . to all quarters of the globe, ami retains its benign i i" in every etiolate. MI Snuffs ant, Cigars •hipped on ct testl Mice. No , 15,264 MORNING SUN. NV -ANTED to be forwarded by Post on the Eieninst of Pubication.- Terms to be addressed to J. C., No. 10, Clarke's-buildings, East-street, Greenwich. UNIVERSAL LIFE ASSURANCE OF FICE, 1, KING WILLIAM-STREET, LONDON. DIRECTORS. Sir HENRY WILLOCK, K.L.S., Chairmam. JOHN STEWART, Esq., M.P., Deputy Chairman. Col. Sir Richard Armstrong, William Kilburn, Esq. C. 8., K. C. T. and S. Charles Otway Mayne, Esq. John Bagshaw, Esq. John Rogers, jun., Esq. Augustus Bosanquet, Esq. Robert Saunders, Esq. Chss. Dashwood Bruce, Esq. IJas. Duncan Thomson. Esq Ellis Watkin Cunliffe, Esq. Captain Samuel Thornton, Raikes Currie, Esq. M.P. ) R.N. AUDITORS—Robert Hichens,:Esq.; Crawford Davison Kerr, ; Robert Gardner, Esq. BANKEits--Barik of England; and Messrs. Curries and Co. SOLICITOR — W iIIiam Henry Cotterill, Esq. PHYSICIAN—George Burrows, Al. D., 45, Queen Anne street. ACTUARY — David Jones, Esq. POLICIES ON THE LIVES OF PERSONS ABOUT TO PRO CEED TO, OR RESIDENT IN INDIA, either in a Civil or Mili tary capacity, may be effected at very moderate rates of pre mium, calculated from extensive data exclusively for the use of this Office. The Society has Committees established at Calcutta, Ma dras, and Bombay, where Assurances may be effected, and the premiums be made payable either in India or in Great Britain, as may be most convenient to the parties. The profits are declared in each year, on the second Wed nesday in May, on which date all those whose policies have been in existence five complete years, are entitled to partici pation therein. One-fifth of the ascertained profits of the five preceding years is divided between the policy-holders and shareholders ; three-fearths to the former, and one-fourth - re the titter.' no remaining four-fifths are set apart to enter into the average of the succeeding years, and thus to provide against unforeseen contingencies. .t Messrs. Bagshaw and Co., Calcutta. Agents in India Messrs. Hall, Bainbridge,and Co., Madras. Messrs. Leckie and Co., Bombay. By order of the Board, DAVID JONES, Actuary. THE LONDON, EDINBURGH, AND DUBLIN GUARANTEED MUTUAL and PRO PRIETARY LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY, 3, CHARLOTTE-ROW, MANSION HOUSE, and 19, REGENT-STREET, LONDON. 21, ST. ANDREW-STREET. EDINBURGH. And 64, FLEET-STREET, DUBLIN. DIRECTORS. Alexander Anderson, Esq. Kennett Kingsford, Esq. Jeha Atkins, Esq John fil‘Guffie, Esq. James Bidden, Esq, John Maclean Lee, Esq. Captain F. Brandreth J." Marmaduke Rosseter, Esq. Vice-Admiral Robert Honyman Alexander Robertson, Esq., Benjamin Ifill, Esq. Managing Director. John Johnson, Esq., Alderman SOLICITORS.—Messrs. Palmer, France, and Palmer. SECRETARY.--F. Edg,ell, Esq. IMPORTANT IMPROVEMENTS have been introduced into LIFE ASSURANCE PRACTICE by this COMPANY. The POLICIES are INDEFEASIBLE and INDISPUT ABLE, unless they have been obtained by fraudulent misre presentation. The Bard of Directors satisfy themselves upon the va rious questions proposed before they enter into the contracts of assurance, and frame their policies in such terms as to pre clude all future questions as to their validity, and thus ren der them indisputable and negotiable aocuments of future debt a gainst the Company. Parties may be assured either upon the participating or non participating plan ; the assured are relieved of all responsi bility, and the participating class is entitled to the whole of the profits upon that branch of the business. Table to Assure £lOO, with addition of profits : Age 25. Age 35. Age 40. I Age 45. I Age 50. I Age 55. .E 2 2 7 I £215 10 1 £3 5 0 1:3 15_ 5 Persons interested in the lives of nominees or debtors may, for a trifling extra premium, be relieved from the risk of their Policies being forfeited by the parties going to foreign coun tries. ONE-HALF of the PREMIUMS MAY REMAIN UN PAID for SEVEN YEARS, Affording a greater facility for Loan Transactions and Fa mily Provisions than any other plan which has been sug gested. Credit Tab'e to Assure £lOO Payable at Death. Age 20. Age 25. Age 30. Age 40. Age 45, Age 50. £0 18 0 I £1 0 7 I £1 3 7 I £t I t 5 I £1 16 6 I £2 3 9 The usual Commission allowed to Solicitors and Agents, and Medical Gentlemen are in all cases remunerated fcr their reports. PUBLICATIONS. READ ! READ I! READ ! ! ! P EEPINIG TOM, or NOTES OF LON. DON LIFE, new 'Work, published every SATURDAY, price Twopence. This entertaining Periodical comprises a variety of spirited and original articles r an Metropolitan topics, amongst which will be found papers connected with Racing, Duellists, Gas Companies, Exquisites, ; Valets, Managers, Merchants, Quacks, Charlatans, Critics, Epicures, Jockeys, Gamblers, Lawyers, Pedestrians, Usurers, - I tailways, Theatres, Newspapers, Mi nisters, Debtors, Politici ans, Noblemen, Members of Parlia ment, Barristers, Actors, _Loam Societies, Steam-boats, Exhi bitions, Licensed Victuall ers, Soirees, Cigar Divans, ltazaars, Courtiers, Men about Toiv - .n, and all the spirit and wit of Lon don Life, from the Literati to the Lounger, and equally fitted for the Aristocrat as the Peasant. The unpublished Works of RICHARD BRI NSLEY SHERIDAN, the greatest wit of his times, appear weekly in this work, under the head of the " Sheridan I 'apers." Amongst the MSS. will be found some of the bright est ebullitions of wit which ever emanated from the pen of thi s truly wonderful man, a collec tion at once rare and invalual )le, since it forms the last relic of that brilliant genius which was so justly designated the master spirit of the age by its patro us and companions, the late Prince. of Wales, afterwards George IV., the Dukes of York, Kent, and Clarence, Pitt, Fox, Burke ~ Wyndham, Colman, Byron, &c. "' London : Published by J. Crash, at "Peeping Tom's" Office, 9, Agar-street, Strand, svb ere Advertisements are received, and all communications are r, !quested to be addressed. Pub lished also by W. Strange, 21, Paternoster-row, and may be had of all Booksellers. _ Just published, price 3s. ; or by post, free , 3 s. 6d., ON the DEBILITIES of the GENERA TIVE SYSTEM. in MAN and WOMAN; the Causes that produce a Premature Decay of the Reproductive Powers in both; and the Means of their perfect Restoration. To which are added, Practical Oh creations on the Nature and Treatment of Syphilis, Gf.morrhou , and other Diseases peculiar to the Organs of Generation in both Sexes. By a MENIBER of the ROYAL COLLEGE of SURGEONS. Sold by Baillere, 219, Regent.: street; Onwhyn , Catherine street, Strand ; and all E.ookseller a in town and country. Just published, the Seve pith Edition, price 3s. , and sent free, on receipt of a F'ost-office Order, for 3s. 6d., M.ANHOOD: the CAUSES of its PRE MATURE DECLINE, pith Plain Directions for ITS PERFECT RESTORATION; addressed to those suf fering from the destru dive effects o f Excessive Indulgence, Solitary Habits, or Inlet tion ; followet t by Observations on the TREATMENT of SYPHILIS, GOI4ORRFREA, GLEET, &c. Illustrated with Ca see, &c. By J. L. Cl RTIS and COMPANY, Consultic g Surgeons, London. r'ublished by the Anti tors, and soli by Railiere, Medical Bookseller to the Royal Conege of Surgeons, 219, Regent street; Strange, 21, Paterma :ter-row, London; Guest, Bir mingham ; Sowler, 4, St. Are a's-square, Manchester ; Philip, South Castle-street, Liverpool i •, Machen and Co. , 8, D'Olier street, Dublin; Duncan,ll4, High-street, Edinburgh ; and to be had of all Booksellers. This Work, a Seventh Edit ion of which is new presented to the public, ten thousand copies have been exhausted since its first appearance, has been vet y much improved and enlarged by the addition of a more ex - WI ,sled and clear detail of general principles, as also by the ins, tea] on of several new and highly in teresting cases. The book, .a s has been already stated, is the result of very ample and dai' ly i ncreasing experience in a class of diseases, which, for some unaccountable reason, have been either altogether overloeke, I, or t:Tated almost with indiffer ence, by the ordinary med ical pr octitioner. The proverbial arid well known rapacity , e ungtolified practitioners, who traffic on the health and c redulity of patients, has been en couraged and aroused by t his sums -ream, on the part of the regular surgeon. In order to obviate the pernicious effects sure to result from the p ractices of such pretenders, the authors have fur a consideral le time devoted themselves ex clusively to a certain class of : diseases; of the necessity of so doing, they were further cot vinced by feeling that tact in in vestigating the latent source s of many diseasea, which arise from certain secret practices, can only be acquired by an ex clusive and undivided attent ion to this department of medical practice. The numberless i nstances daily occurring, whersin affections of the lungs, putti ag on all the outer appearances of c onsumption, which, - hewer, er, when traced to their source, are found to result from cell air. baneful practices, fully proves that the principle of the di , i sion of labour, is nowhere more applicable than in medical i ractice. We feel no hesitation in saying that there is no m 0 nber of society by whom the book will not be found useful, 1 eh ether such person hold the relation of a Parent, a Preceptor, 0.• a Clergyman. Tha PARENT, who beholds his beloved child pining away, and fast approaci dug to a premature grave, in conse quence of some disease, 1 rhich, for want of careful investiga tion of its real cause, has been ,set down to the score of con sumption, will, oa perusing this work, be astonished to find, that in nine-tenths of the eases of young persons of both sexes, who perish of wh at is called pulmonary consumption. heart disease, tahes, &c., ti le sole and exclusive origin has been the indulgence in ce rt; do destructive habits practised by youth much t nore'freqnent , t y than it is at all suspected. The PRECEPTOR, al t han it holds (temporarily at least), the relation and I -esponsibility of a parent, will, by perusing this work, be directed and very much assisted in investigating a nd detecting the too often con cealed practices so often intr educed into schools, whereby the health and ultimately the live , s of his pupils arc sure to be com promised, unless the evil b(•.. arrested in proper time. Ho will here find a clue to guide lair i through the intricate mazes of m this moral labyrinth, and a s ta ndard whereby to judge, when delicacy of health should _ a ' ' atta c k iea r to attack any of his y oun g may be , and thus chaes, what the real ca 'nee of such he wi ll be enabled to the ck the evil in its incipient state. The CLERGYMAN ,in w h ose sacred character is at once youth is addi c t e d ; h e T r i l l a l so he concentrated the two-fn id relat . 1. o n of parent a nd instructor, will h here be di rec t e d as tr . the I a t, ire of those habits to which astrous consequences w r Messrs. CURTIS a bleb are sur e to follow from them if not relinquished. h en abled to point out the d:s. Messrs. No. 7, F r i d i So lio-sq uare , London. Country Patients : - a t red, 'l o be as minn te as possible in cases,- the detail of their are n :ques as to the du r a tion of the complaint, te- t Ad C 10. are to b e consulted daily at their the symptoms, age, and occupation ht , the coin munication must be accomp anied b y the usual Consul genet, whatever can be t ,ekes most inviolable I Nere a cy lt; n all cases, the tation Fe 't of it., without which no notice It. e ap re p l l i i e c d at o io n n . ; and i • . ' . • e • : 4 1' 4 , , ' 41 ~, (. ..... t . ~ _ .z, , . ,".....,":''. /: ~ .... . . - .'` - ''''''-;:•'‘ .-, ,', ,, :.i ., 1 ..:.: ' ? . -1. - ' .. I ‘. . 4 I . ~..„. ..,„,.. ~. , e , 7 :- -.,.., . _fe - ;' ' 'i: . --' 1.:‘1 " . ....-_ 'l:- : ‘ ....- ' . ~....- --H-NN- ..7 ~•‘-.,,1,f.?) ''';ll/4::ss)::''''...4'.'::.‘4l.::C/ -:1::::: :x ?'014:4.::.. . 41::''.1:41111161'7 :'' ":\:-111111f:6:-'''' t •-•••••••• ..‘„ ... ...5 r. „ . _ ''...'6 :1) , •.i -. ..if,- ~, .1 1 ,„ ,4/7'f " iv . ". 77,--:.- ...P•ItOITV " .), - .t.' - ii," . 44. ' . 1 ii iii i „ ..., . my;tl ' . ..,4 . .... ; ' ' ' ') 4:' / : 'NS"' 1 IvAr' ,o ' . -. 4 - I . I IPP ', , ..,. LONDON, TUESDAY, AUGUST 10, 1841. R OYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITU TION, REGENT-STREET. FIRST EXHIBITION of, and LECTURE ON, BAIN'S ELECTRO-MAGNETIC PRINTING TELEGRAPH, by means of which a Banker in London can write a Letter in the Office of a Correspondent in Edinburgh ; the Letter, with its answer, can be conveyed the 800 miles in a very few minutes. SIXTY PATENTED ELECTRIC CLOCKS, by BAR WISE and BAIN ; MOINAU'S PATENTED CLOCKS; CARY'S ORRERY, and the NEW DISSOLVING VIEWS, to which a magnificent Fire Scene has been added. PHOTOGRAPHIC PORTRAITS, nearly Twa Thou sand Works which display eminent art, science, and ingenuity. The Microscope, Diver and Diving Bell, Popular Lectures, and beautiful Experiments. CANTON, and other bettattftI.COSMORAMIC VIEWS, are added to. the Evening Exhibition. Opens at Half-past Ten o'clock in the Morning, and Seven o'clock in the Evening. Admission, One Shilling. capital in developing the natural tl,dvantages of their soil. • The yesult does not depend, indeed;'-on argu ment, how ever strong, because the ki ng dom of Pfasiia, the head of the Germanic Commercial League, has 'Officially inti mated its readiness to revise' their tariff on impotts, if we will meet them on fair terms. The United States„and the. Brazils have signified as much, and unless we do. so before the approaching expiry of the subsisting comuier cial treaties, they will be compelled in self-defence impose heavy protective duties oft-British goods, whereby our foreign trade would become a complete wreck. tated to have recourse to borrowing of loans; to obtain these loans, it became indispensable to increase, by:fic titious means, the circulating medium of the country ; this was done by the Bank of England issuing its promissory notes, which notes soon surpassed in amount the value of the current coin of the realm ; and as ,;old and silver could no longer be given in exchange for them, the nobs were made legal tender, representing, in all the ordinary 'transactions of trade, the value of the coin itself. One curious exception, however, being allowed, viz., in favour oP i he landlords, that their rents might be demanded in cash L. ; Depreciation of currency is synonymous with advanceiof prices, the latter rising in value in proportion as the otho falls. Now the agriculturists, who furnished the food for4lie people, as well as the principal supplies for both the army and the navy, were just the class who were benefited in a pre-eminent degree by the deprecia tion of the currency, and the last who ought to complain. Whatever the depreciation might be, it was just so much profit to them. Suppose, in consequence of the increased issues of paper, that the value of money fell 25 per cent., which is generally admitted; then the Finance Minister must be supposed to have asked for a loan of 25 millions, when 20 millions would otherwise have done for him ; the extra five millions being required to pay the advanced price of corn which the depreciation occasioned. Thus the farther was indemnified for the increase of the debt at the time ; the account on the score of depreciation was settled with him to an almost fractional nicety. But though the account was thus balanced between the landed interest and the national debt, it was not so balanced be tween the farmer and the manufacturer, and the con sumer. At the close of the war the latter might very justly have said to the agriculturists, " the calamities of war, and the difficulties udder which the nation has been labouring, have bad an incidental tendency to throw great and most unnecessary profits, at our cost, into your .hands, „ It-is tlw..kefwg...wily an apt of 114.44,_far vernment to call upon you to refund some Of those profits to the nation : remember, the Continental ports being shut benefited your home trade in corn, but it destroyed our foreign trade in manufactures; we think it therefore but reasonable that a heavy tax should now be placed upon land to restore the balance between us." This lan guage would hare been fully justified by the then posi tion of affairs, and_the imposition of such a tax perfectly consistent. Nothing of the kind, however, was demanded, nor is any restitution desired ; but when the benefited party complains, the losing party may surely ask for an investigation of the accounts between them.—F. It is quite evident that we do not see eye to eye. The very points which I considered our strongest ones, you regard as our weakest. I still think that the Corn-law is not the disadvantage to the country that many suppose ; be cause, allowing that it secures to the farmer better prices, these are afterwards laid out again with the manufac turer—he becomes a better .customer to the latter in proportion. G. My dear Sir, excuse me, this is a part and parcel of the wretched reasoning with which the Corn-law advocates have ever attempted to bewilder the country. If I give you a sum of 'money for your goods beyond what they are intrinsically worth, to enable you to be a better cus tomer to me in return, ivhat do I get by it ? If you merely lay out with me what I have given you in the first instance, why might I not as well have retained the money in my pocket .? But you do not do this. In lay ing the money out you expect value for it. If I give you 10s. more for a quarter of corn than it is worth or I can elsewhere buy it for, in coming tome with the 10s. again you require a consideration on giving it up—say for a 10s. hat, which cost me Bs.—this latter sum, therefore, I lose by the transaction. The annual quantity of corn required for the use of the nation, is computed at sixty millions of quarters. Now taking the amount at only forty millions, it must be evident that every shilling per quarter which is added to the price by virtue of the Corn-law, is a direct tax of two millions a year on the nation. We have only, therefore, to ascertain what has been the average price between the home-grown and •. foreign corn in the English market since, the war, to allow two millions for the advance of each shilling, and multiply by 25 the number of years since 1815, and we have the sum required. The average difference of price may be fairly computed at about lOs. per quarter; this gives 20 millions annually, or 450 millions which the , nation has been taxed with by virtue of the Corn-law, for the benefit of the landed interest, since the termination of the war. A more perfidious and iniquitous system of legislation, perhaps, never disgraced the annals of any civilized country. Unfortunately the mischief does nut end here—the effect of the Corn-law is to destroy ma nufactures and commerce, and thus to deprive the nation of the very means by, which all taxes are paid. When will the people be wise or their rulers be just ? War lays a burden on the sinking. state, And peace does nothing to relieve the weight. Succeeding wars successive loads impose, And sighing millions prophecy the close. SIR J. GItAM ~ S IGNORANCE. TO SIR JAMES CritAlIA.M, BART.—LETTER I. SlR—Your Dorchester speech, delivered on the 22d of July, lies before ine, I sat down to its perusal without hope, and, therefore, rose from it without disappointment, but with a firm opinion that it does little credit either to your head or to your heart. The clearness of the for mer appears to have been dimmed, while the feelings of the latter have evidently been blunted, by the apostacy 13which ledyou to make shipwreck of the principles which, in eArly youth and the first gawn of riper manhood, you maintained with all the earnestness and ingenuousness of conviction. That happy day has long since passed by. You mixed with the temptations of the political world, and were not proof against them. They were too strong for your sincerity. They vanquished your integrity. You fell before them, and bocatne what you now are. Alas, how changed ! how degraded ! The promise of youth and of your entrance into manhood is blighted and blasted. The once champion of the people has be come the tool of their. enemies, pandering to the selfish ness and sordidinterests of ess aristocracy, who use and despise him at the same time. Oh, what might not Sir James Graham have beeitoshad he never swerved from the principles which rul,l.esd „Isis first appearance in public Ar&sithtsr I's' isosi'F' rover)) and - a bps word to hurl against every renegade wlfo may cross our path. But the theme is a mournful one. The man who was carried into Parliament upon the shoulders of the people, is now, by a fitting retribution, obliged to wander to and fro through every quarter of the land before he can find a place of rest,—a borough sufficiently under control to be brought to bear the obloquy which the name of such an arch-apostate casts - upon all who are connected with it. But now for your oration at the Dorchester dinner, where, !by the way, I observe that you entertained, in stead of being entertained by the electors. Much of , that speech was occupied by a lame and . impotent at tempt to defend the present Corn-laws. Here I join issue with you at once. But be not alarmed. lam not going to plunge into any lengthened controversy with you on this subject. My Corn-law creed is a very short one, and may very briefly be placed before you. If we —I say we, because my clerical income springs either from tithes uncommuted, or land only let from year to year,—if we get nothing by the Corn-laws, why should we maintain them at the expense of so much oblo quyand reproach ? Why not at once repeal them, if, as the Duke of Wellington observed, they are not a protection to screw up rents, but a protection—to protect nothing—a kind of political prop and pillar—to support nothing—a figure of speech which had a very tellin g and thrilling effect upon the hereditary legislators of the land, al though it - only provoked a smile of contempt from the profane vulgar out of doors ? Why, if according to his Grace's notion on the subject, they are a- work of legis lative supererogation and a dead letter, and not a rent screw, as mischievous and evil-disposed people say, why. not, I urge, - blot out the useless stain from the Statute book without delay, and with it the odium and hate which it brings upon us ? But if, on the other hand, the Corn-laws are a rent-raising protecticin to the landed interest; if they sacrifice the happiness of the millions to the selfishness of the few ; if they take from the com forts of the working classes ; if they diminish the sources of employment ; if they bring upon them ruin, misery and starvation—then, I ask; in this case, what right have you or I, or any, to grow rich upon the wretchedness of others ? Are not the people in this burdened land sufficiently taxed for the support of the exigencies of the State, without being called upon, in addition, to toil away their lives that one master-class may be pampered and fattened at the cost of all the rest ? Have you ever thought of the matter in this light ? Think of it now. As you are a Chris tian man, I call upon you to ponder over it seriously and deeply. Oh, believe me, in the very best of days to the working classes of - this country, the golden threads interwoven with their web of life were " few and far between." And, alas ! those few are now alto gether withdrawn from it. What a portion is now their's, all bitterness and sadness from the cradle to the grave. Their's are the pains of childhood without any of its pleasures, the toils and privations of manhood without its rewards, the weaknesses and miseries of old age without any of its comforts and indulgences to solace their failing strength and declining years. And why is it so ? Why does gaunt famine move within our land ? Why, in our manufacturing ,districts, dark and scowling looks liaseet4ll 'all directionS, while men, des perate with famine, hunger-bitten, and in rags, talk with a recklessness of the future which, could it be heard by the high and noble ones amongst us, would somewhat - discompose their nerves and startle them with apprehensions about coming evils of which now, it may be, in their hours of ease and luxury, they little dream of, but which, nevertheless, if not checked by wise and timely legislation, will come with all the fury of the lava flood when the volcano bursts its bounds and vomits forth destruction on all around it ? Why are these things, did I ask ? Why do they exist ? Why do they continue ? Simply to satisfy the lust of the demon, RENT, which, like the horse leech, is never gorged, but still, after every meal,with increasing appetite, shrieks "More, more," more victims upon my altars, more sacrifices to glut my avarice and thirst for gain. Yes ! such things as I have mentioned may now be witnessed in our manufacturing districts, aye, and more than such things, and all spring ing from the self-sam e cause . The busy hum of occu i?ation has died away in our hives of industry. The loom is silent ; the shuttle is idle in many directions •, half-starved men, as I said before, hang scowling and cursing the authors of their misery in the streets; while, if you penetrate their wretched abodes, you will find sorrow, want, sickness, and death, rioting in every ap paling form and shape which it is possible to conceive. Here, perhaps, you will see some lisping . child begging for bread, which its parents, hungry as itself, have not to bestow upon it. There, is some exhaused babe, even in its dying moments, in vain attempting to suck in nou rishment from the breasts of its weak and famished mo ther—and all this, be it remembered, in a Christian land —all this the work of a par excellence Christian Legisla ture. And when we ask what remedy shall be de vised ? how long shall these things be ? .some laugh ing demon shouts aloud, " Yeomanry, yeomanry ! Lord Francis Egerton will raise us yeomanry. They will silence the discontented ; they will calm the hungry !" They will. The sword is a sharp doctor, but a sure one. " Order reigns in Warsaw," said the French Mi nister, as he proclaimed the entrance of the Russians into that devoted city. Solitudinem faciunt et pacem appel lant, wrote Tacitus of the Germans when they invaded an enetny's country. This is the Tory.receipt for paci fying the people to the very letter. They cry out for bread, and they arc to have yeomanry. And yet, as I, obServed before, this is a Christian land, and Sir James Graham, when speaking of the Corn-laWs at Dorchester, quotes scripture in their behalf. The Corn-laws and the Scripture ! The Corn-laws, Sir James Graham, and the Scripture ! What a trig jnxta in uno What a medley of opposites and contradictions !- But this. portion of your " ponderous nothings" 1 must reserve for another letter. I am, Sc, - NAVIGATION of the EUPHRATES. Intelligence has.. been...received at the India Board of the arrival of the Hon. East India Company's armed iron steamboats Nimrod and Nitocris at Beles on the Euphrates. This gratifying event took place on the 31st of May, and thus was completed an enterprise of much danger and difficulty, which had generally been looked upon as impracticable, and which, in all probability, nothing but British skill, intrepidity, and perseverance would hate been able to accomplish. The actual distance of the voyage up the river was one thousand one hundred and thirty miles ; the ascent occupied two hundred and seventy-three hours, or about nineteen days and a half. The average rate of steaming was three miles and seven furlongs an hour. The Tigris and the Euphrates have now been opened to vessels of considerable burthen, and the ascent and descent of these noble streams may be made available for the purposes of commerce as well as of civilization ; for, although the success of this splendid experiment re= fleets honour on the British name alone, the advantages which may be derived from it will be shared with us by many nations, and, it is to be hoped, by the inhabitants of the once-famous regions watered by the great rivers of Mesopotamia. The expedition was commanded by Lieutenant Camp bell, assisted by Lieutenants Jones and Grounds. The behaviour of the crews was most exemplary, and not a single casualty occurred during the whole voyage. ANTIQUITY OF BERMONDSEY.—The parish of Bermondsey would form a subject of higher interest to the historical antiquary than the majority of our su burban villages. It was from a very early period the seat of a large and flourishing abbey, the history of which, as of most of our great monasteries, remain to be written. Its church had been just erected at the Norman survey, and the surveyors indulge in a term of unwonted admiration—ubi nova et pulchra mcclesia. The manor belonged to the King, as it had to Earl Harold, but one of its thirteen hides had been granted away since the Conquest, and thereon the Earl of Morton, the lord of the adjacent manor of Lambeth, had erected his man sion. This circumstance is mentioned in the survey of the latter manor—" Isdem comes habet in Bermondsey de terra regis num hidam übi sedet domus ejus." Thus the Domesday Record unfolds the existence at Bermondsey at that early period—at once of a fair church and an Earl's house.—Gentleman's Magazine. THE CONSTABLE AND THE RECRUITING SERGEANT.—On Sunday evening, says a correspondent, as the constable of a village, not five miles from Brain tree, was sauntering by the way side of his parish, priding himself on his knowledge of law, and wondering how so small a man could carry about in his head the statutes at large, he fell in with a light company, and a recruiting sergeant began to throw his military blan dishments around. The constable, deeply read in the sections of the Mutiny Act, imagined that a Sunday en listment was null and void, and, purposing to raise a laugh at the hero's expence, he received into his palm the magic shilling. But, alas, like many others, he played with the law till he cut his fingers, for on Mon day morning lie was to all intents and pUrposes, bound to stand up and be shot at for the small charge of six pence a day; and as the smell of the gunpowder, to say nothing of the bullets, was likely to have a disagreeable effect upon his nerves, he was necessitated to free him self from the responsibility by the payment of smart money.—Chelmsford Chronicle. Earl Granville, the British Ambassador at Paris, as we previously stated, was to have returned to this country at the close of the present month, but in consequence of debility, arising from his late illness, his Excellency remains at his villa near Paris, and the Duke of Devonshire, who expected to receive his Noble rela tive at Chiswick, has, in consequence, left town for France.—Observer. A CLERGYMAN of the CHURCH of ENGLAND. Aug. 9, 1841. TIIE CORN-LAWS AND THE NATIONAL DEBT. (From a Dialogue on Board the Steam-boat Orwell.) G. I do not exactly understand who we moan. If it means, as I suppose, the landowner and the land occu pier, in other words, the landlord and the tenant, then these do not form a tenth-part of the tax-payers of the country ; and the portion contributed by them, as I have stated, is recovered again of the other nine-tenths by a surcharge in the form of a Corn-law. But to compre hend more clearly how the balance of account stands be tween the landed interest and the national debt, we must go back to the year 1793, the year in which the war commenced ; we had then but a small amount of debt, m being below th e and corn was exported, the price being 445. per quarter. Now it is a rather curious historical fact, that about that • time , home supplyor soon of after,eor rose population,toa p a r f fro it, and h as ever o v since gone ft-head ; the laws then in operation, con ferring a bounty on all corn sent out of the country, be came obsolete, and subsequent ones have been enacted, imposing a duty on all that comes in (agriculturists must be privileged): this transition, in being an exporting country to an importing one , was greatly in favour of the land , and tended to enhance its value, and had . the peace continued, and - a natural order of things followed, all would have been well ' • but instead of this we had the war, and with it the high war prices; these prices were o ccas i one d , Ist, by the continental ports being shut ; 2dly, by the foreign corn being required for the use of th e f ore i gn armies ; and 3dly, by heavy import charges, necessary in time of war to cover freight, insurance, and risks ; under these and other circumstances, the cost of obtain ing corn amounted almost to a prohibition, and the Eng lish farmer entered the home market without a compe titor, demanded the full price which this order of things created, and pocketed enormous and unearned profits at the nation's expense : no wonder, then, that the value of land increased during the war to double and treble its former amount ; that rents rose in proportion ; and that a jovial and luxuriant tenantry was the result. Who rides his hunter , who hi s horse adorns, Who drinks his wine , and his disbursement scorns ; and loves to show h e can, a shrewd observe r o f human r turned the gentl eman . So sangso ai s f sr theeuefflyo l ka i r rp ' emos farmer t na ture, and fond of sketching the prominent characters around him. It is a great and popular delusion, and which still hangs over the minds of many, to regard this as a period of national prosperity ; it was one of misery and calamity, an d if proof be yet wanted, it may be found in our 800 millions of debt ! One-fourth of this sum, or 200 millions, passed into the pockets of .j the agriculturists in the shape of war prices. The war worked well for them, but it...worked agaitrtst. the country. Their profit was the nation's loss. .to meet this order of things, the Finance Minister of the day was necessi- THE TWo JOHN WICKLIYFES ; REMARK ABLE FACT.-It is an extraordinary fact, but not the less true, that there were living at the same period two John Wickliffes—both born about the same tune, both edu cated as ecclesiastics at Oxford, and becoming there the heads of houses, the one of Canterbury, the other of Baliol—both Prebendaries, the one of Worcester, the other of Chichester—and both dying within a year of each other. This is the more remarkable , as the name of Wickliffe is a local one, and the only locality in England bearing the name is the village about six miles from the town of Richmond, in Yorkshire, where the Reformer is said to have been born in or about the year 18 0 4. This fact may not only clear him from se veral apparent inconsistencies of conduct, but from the graver charge preferred by Anthony Wood, Dr. Fell, Bishop of Oxford, and other writers, that the zeal which he displayed in withstanding the errors of Papacy, was occasioned by nothing else than the loss of the Wardenship of Canterbury Hall, Ox ford, of which they say he.was first deprived by Arch- Bishop Langliam, and finally by Pope Urban the Fifth, and that " what he afterwards did was merely out of re venge, and not all of conscience, and that being a man of good parts, he exercised them to an evil end." Light is, however, thrown upon these matters by the dis covery of the fact, that the Warden of Canterbury Hall and the Reformer were two distinct individual s , w hi c h is clearly and satisfactorily established in a n art i c l e f rom which this is abridged, in the Gentleman's Magazine for August. VORACITY OF TUE SNAKE.--Last week, a y oung man, named Scnclle, killed a sna k e w hil e l y i ng d orm ant at Burlinch, near Taunton ; and, on opening it, found a large weak' in a perfect state, which could only have been swallowed a little time previously.—Salisbury &rale, rilllE GENERAL STEAIVI TION COMPANY'S splendid and powerful First-class STEAM SHIPS are appointed to SAIL from London fez- HAMBURG, ROTTERDAM, and OSTEND—every Wednesday and Saturday Morning. ANT VVERP and HAVRE—every Thursday Morning. BOULOGNE—every Wednesday, Thursday, and Saturday. CAL AlS—every Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, and Sucday. Between BRIGHTON and DlEPPE—twice per week. EDINBURGH—from Brunswick Wharf, Black wall—every Saturday Evening, and every alternate Wednesday, at Ten. To-morrow and Saturday. NEWCASTLE—from Downe's Wharf—every Wednesday and Saturday Evening, at Eight. SUNDERLAND—ditto=—every Tuesday Evening, at Seven. YARMOUTH—every Saturday Evening, at Sit. IPSWlCH—every Wednesday and Saturday Morning, at Eight. RAMSGATE—DaiIy. at Nine Morning. --FAuthar,,partioostirlell4lo-obtained, -.and Bertha sAcured, at - the Company's Offices, '69, Lombard-street ; and 37, Re gent-circus. • L7 AFETY ROTATION RAILWAY COM PANY. The Directors invite public attention to this highly important IMPROVEMENT in the CONSTRUCTION of RAILWAYS, whereby the advantage of equal speed with those in ordinary use will be found to be combined with dimi nished expenditure to proprietors, and perfect security to tra vellers from danger to life or property. An experimental test of the efficiency of this valuable invention is about to be im mediately made by laying down a line of sufficient dimensions for the purpose, Application for shares, on which a deposit of I/. only will b? required, may be made at the Office, 1, Wallbrook•buildingi, where models and drawings may be examined and prospectuses obtained. SUPERIOR CANDLES. Ike AVIES'S CANDLES, 6d. per lb. ; Wax Candles, ls. 2d. ; Fine Wax, Is. sd. ; Cocoa Nat, 10d. ; Extra Fine Wax Wick Moulds, Md. ; Transparent Wax, 2s. Od. ; Genuine Sperm, 23. Od. ; Genuine Wax, 2 3 , 3d. • Yellow Soap, 465., 545., and 603. per 112Ibs. ; Mottled, 625. and 665. ; Windsor and Palm, Is. 4d. per pac ket; Old Brown Windsor Soap, Is. 9d. ; Rose, 2s. Od.: Cam phor, 2s. • Almond, '23. 6d. ; Sealing Wax, 4s. 6d. per lb. ; Sperm Oil, - 93. Od. per Gallon ; Solar Oil, 3s. For Cash, at DAVIES'S Old-Established Warehouse, 63, St. Martin's-lane, opposite New Slaughter's Coffee-House. COMMERCIAL DISTRESS. (From the City article of the Chronicle.) Sir Robert Peel says that the Joint-Stock Banks during the last two years have fostered improvident speculations ; the cause, he maintains, of that alarming stagnation of trade which all acknowledge to be general. This way of answering will not serve the proximate Premier long.:when he assumes the reins of office ; neither is it consistent with the results exhibited by an examination of the circulation during the period referred to. The amount of notes payable on demand now in circulation, issued by banks of all denominations, is about 3,700,0001. less than the gross amount two years back, and the action of all denominations of banking establishments, with few exceptions, has been ex tremely stringent since the autumn of 1838, or, more correctly dating, since the spring of 1839. The extent to which over-trading can have been car ried on under such a contracted state of the currency; must necessarily have been of a local character, while the' depressed condition of trade has spread over tha entire country, and affected all classes throughout the empire having capital embarked in commercial enter prise. Allowing every reasonable weight, therefore, to the particular and well-known instances of over-trading of which some of the Joint-Stock Banks have been guilty in the manufacturing districts during the last two years, it is manifest that such general and wide spread results cannot have been produced by such partial and circumscribed causes. The notorious fact that some Joint-Stock Banks in Lancashire and York shire departed from the legitimate purposes of banking, and became involved With the dead weight of masses of unsaleable securities, in consequence of unjustifia ble advances, is not a sufficient reason to account for the general stagnation and . decay of our export trade, nor_ would a more prudent and cautious line of policy, on the part of these arid other banks, restore its energies, or give employment to the destitute masses in our manufac turing towns. Over-banking, doubtless, may have par tially taken place, notwithstanding the decrease in the circulation, for supply and demand are merely relative terms, and it is true that, although the circulation be now nearly 3,700,000/. less than it was two years back, over issues have been made in some well-known cases, because the legitimate demands of trade have not even required so much paper money as has been issued, and is now afloat • Some joint-stock banks in the manufacturing districts did issue more paper than they ought to have done. They dealt largely, also, in re-discounts and accommoda tion drafts upon their London agents ; but the cause of this, the root and origin of these instances of over banking, is traced beyond all eavil to the depressed con • dition of our manufacturing interests, consequent upon the sudden fall of prices occasioned by the stringent ac tion of the Bank of England on the currency, atter the extraction, of her bullion to pay for foreign corn follow ing the bad harvest of 1838. Sir Robert Peel seems to expect that the depression in trade is temporary, and that it will gradually disappear ; that we are only suffer ing from the shadow of a passing " summer cloud," and that the evil will cure itself. Messrs. Herries and Goul burn struck that very note during the late debate on the Budget, and the proximate Premier was content to play second fiddle to them on the same kind of strain. But all this is mere mockery and delusion. The depressed condi tion of our manufacturing interests has been produced by fixed and long existing causes, by the failure of the de mand from the Continent of Europe, occasioned by the supply Drought now to market by native industry in the Continental States. That supply is increasing, and will, increase steadily, until our goods are completely shut out from the markets of Europe, unless our legislators and statesmen turn the stream by active and determined measures. Sir Robert Peel said some twelve months back,, that the rivalry of British manufactures now dis played by the people of Germauy was the mere natural result of increased knowledge and civilisation ; that it was absurd to expect that'the people of Germany would remain stationary while we *made such rapid and gigantic strides in all the branches of productive industry. There is some truth in this remark, but, like all statements of that politician, it gives only a portion of the . truth, and leaves the most important portion entirely unnoticed. No mention is made of the consideration ho* far we ourselv'es have fostered this rivalry on the part of Continental nations, by our restrictive commercial tariff, and the refusal to receive their staple articles of produce on payment of moderate duties. The soil and climate of the countries bordering on the Baltic are specially fitted for the growth of corn and timber. Providence has as clearly pointed out that the inhabitants of these coun tries should turn their attention to agriculture, as their chief article of export, as it has told the natives of Great Britain to seek for theirs by calling to account the mineral wealth which lies hid beneath the surface, and in thus developing the superior skill and industry of the British nation. When we find, then, the Ger man, and other neighbouring States, employing themselves in endeavouring to compete with us in manufactures, and the people of England occupied, on the other hand, in devising legislative and other artificial means to compensate their agriculturists by protective duties against the natural defects of soil and climate, it is manifest that nature and art are placed in direct collision, and that the whole system is opposed to the declared intentions of the great Architect of the Uni verse. This separation of interests is at variance with all sound views of commercial intercourse, and cannot be maintained with permanent public advantage , to any of the parties concerned. Class interests and individual views may be so worked up in the existing system as to make these parties view any step of change to a better one with fear and aversion. No great public improve ment was ever proposed that did not encounter ob stacles from similar sources ; but opposition of that character ought only to secure for the measure the more active and unflinching support of the patriot and enlightened statesman. Every impartial person who considers the operation of our navigation laws and co lonial system, and the restrictive and prohibitory cha racter of our fiscal commercial code, must admit that they refuse to deal with other countries on mutual principles of justice. The natural result is that other countries have retaliated, and that we have thus compelled them to become our rivals. The demand fer our manufactures has thus declined. Our manu facturers have been compelled to submit to heavy losses, and to keep their hands working far beyond the legi timate demand, merely to keep 'their machinery em ployed. This is the real cause of the distress which afflicts the country, and not over-banking. The remedy is equally plain with the disease. Monopoly has bred the contagion, and flee trade must drive it away. The only objection of any weight yet attempted against the revision of our complex import tariff is, that the Conti nental nations would not reciprocate ; that they would take nothing from us but bullion in payment for their corn and timber. The answer is, that this state ment is entirely at variance with the evidence given be fore the Committee on Import Duties ; and besides this, it is Contrary to the self-interests of the parties con cerned, for the superior skill and local advantages pos sessed by the British manufacturers will always enable them to compete successfully, under a free tariff, with those of any nation whatever. On the principe, there fore, of buying at the best and cheapest market, and sell ing at the dearest, the people of the confluent would find ti e me effort at their profit in taking the m anufactures of En g l and in exchange for their cor n and timber. The y would, therefore, cease to struggle against og ag ai ai n ns e t m u p s lo in y a vaintheir r manufacturing rivalry, an PRICE 5d AM ERIC AN NEWS. THREE DA YS LATER FROM AMERICA. By the packet ship North America, which arrived on Sunday at Liverpool in nineteen days from New York, we have received the papers of that city to the 20th ult., three days later than the last arrivals. The Caledonia steamer had arrived at Boston, after a very favourable passage of thirteen days ; and the news brought by her from England occupies a prominent place in the American journals. There is very little political news in these papers of any moment. The general opinion in New York and Wash ington was that M‘Leod would be acquitted. Matters are going on pretty favourably in Canada. A committee has been appointed in the House of As sembly to equalize the currency. The Committee which had been named to decide upon the subject of reporting the debates, handed in a Report in favour of the Assembly subscribing for five hundred copies of the " Mirror of Parliament." The Government plan of banking and currency is nearly matured. A ;lumber of the citizens of Quebec, mostly of French origin, have put in circulation a petition to the Provin cial Legislature, piaying the House to intercede with the Queen for a full pardon to all persons implicated in the " troubles" of 1837-38. The Synod of the Presbyterian Church in Canada, commenced its annual session at Kingston on the 12th instant, when nearly forty Ministers and about fif teen ruling elders took their seats. A good deal of business was transacted in relation to Missionary la bour, and an address voted, congratulating his Excel lency on the completion of the Union of the Pro viocp,s, and on his , recent recovery from indisposition - . The Synod also adopted the petition to the Legislature, praying that provision be made kr the use of the Bible in all schools of the province receiving any grant of pub lic money. The 43d regiment has arrived at Toronto. Both Provinces are unusually healthy. The Governor- General has quite recovered. WAsniscroN.—Our very latest accounts from Wash ington. speak very discouragingly of the passage of a Bank Charter at the extra session ; and some gofar as to say that nothing will be done of any importance, except the new loan of $12,000,000. It is said the President is against all action on a bank, tariff, bankrupt law, and division of the public lands, until the meeting of the re gular session in December next. He will then be pre pared to frame a general system of legislation in the finances, currency, public lands, and imports, all together, consistent with rights, principles, and public policy. Such is the opinion on these points. On the McLeod case, it is understood that no difficulty will occur. PHILADELPHIA MORALITY AND JUSTICE.—The Grand Jury of Philadelphia have found several indict ments against the Times, and two other penny papers, for libels—that is, for telling too much unwelcome truth. In this same city, Levis, who forged and defrauded to the extent of nearly $1,300,000, was allowed to run away—to conic back—and to run away again, without any molestation from a Grand Jury. In the same city, the Directors of a bank robbed the widow, orphan, and other stockholders of Europe and America, out of nearly $35,000,000, their all—and they are looked up to as re spectable citizens, beyond the reach of a Grand Jury. In the same city, police officers are proved in open Court to be confederates of burglars, and they are untouched by a Grand Jury. In the same city, forgers and mur derers are tried, and get off. All this is the justice and morality of Philadelphia.. Out upon such hypocrites ! A double portion of the fire that fell on Sodom and Go morrah is due to Philadelphia, without loans, credit, or post notes. Her Grand Jury is on a level with her grand bank. NEW Yom MONEY_ MARKET.—JULY 18. At the Stock Board yesterday a fair business was done at fluctuating rates ;L. S. Bank declined ; Delaware and Hudson 1 ; Stonington, 1. Sales of bills on Phila delphia, 3 3-i ; Baltimore, 21 2il-. $2,000 Alabama 6 per Cent. Bonds were sold at auction at 77. The following is the return of the Banks of Rhode Island on the sth of June, as compared with the return of April 5, 1841 : . _ _ • April 5. July 5. Total liabilities $14,232,621 14,546,703 Total resources 14,232,621 14,546,703 This return indicates an increased currency in the Eastern section, and the business of that part of the country seems to have increased, while that of New York has remained stationary. In fact the business of the New England States depends upon the industry of its inhabitants altogether, and whatever Con t . Tress or any other body of men may be doing, they keep to work. While New York and New York capitalists are " calling upon Jupiter for help," the Yankees are putting their shoulders .to, ; the wheel, The result is a constantly increasing prosperity. Boston is now the centre of a large trade, she has four railroads that connect her with all the important sections of the coun try. The Providence line brings her within ten hours of New York. The Eastern railroad connects her with Vie State of Maine and the intermediate interests. —The Lowell railroad runs through the heart of the great manufacturers, the produce of which spreads all over the face of the 'Union, clothing alike the slave, the planter, and the farmer. From these she receives their pork, dour, and other produce, in payment, hitherto by the way of New Orleans, New York, and other ports, ' but now she has boldly stretched her extended hand through the Great Western Railroad to receive those products immediately at her own door ; and nest winter, while New York, with its river frozen up, and its dealers speculating_ on the movement of the politicians at Wash ington, and are waiting for some great mysterious event, Boston will be in the enjoyment of a large and active business. .............____ SALES AT THE STOCK EXCHANGE. 2 shares Bank of New York 1164 40...d0 Mechanics' Bank... 961 - 4. 25...da Delaware and Hudson. 25. do.. • .dd .do 10...d0 Farmers Trust 200...d0 N A Trust .... 7k 300. do do do 100...d0 United States Bank. 25 do. do - 50...d0 Vicksburg Bank 5l 25...d0 Merco Ex Co 50...d0 Canton Co • 10...c10 Mohawk R. R 25.. d0......dO. 300...d0 Paterson R 50...d0.. .do 20...d0 Boston and Providence 75...d0 Harlem 241 100...d0 do do . 75...d0 Stonington 11 25 .do do slo 331 k $3,000 Indiana Dol Bonds blo 57 $7,000 do .do $2,000 Indiana Sterling $5,000 Delaware and Hudson FOREIGN MARKETS. Exchange on London 101,4 per cent. prem. Exchange on New York 1 to 1i per cent. prem. FOUR DAYS LATER FROM BILIZIL.—The William, C. Nye arrived last night from Rio de Janeiro. She sailed thence on the 4th ult, and has brought us the Jornol do Commcrcio to that date. After a careful perusal, we cannot find a single word of news in the papers. We learn verbally, however, that some excitement existed in Rio, in consequence of a fight which had taken place be tn•een a slaver and an English cruizer. As near as wo can- ascertain the slaver had the advantage. It has struck us several times that not many months would pass over before some slaver, with a desperate crew, would show fight when boarded by a British man-of-war, and and here is the first instance. It will not be long ere we hear of another. CHRONICLES OF Tur. TO3ITIS.—The report from Gene ral Hydes hospitable mansion, of the incomings and out goings last week, was as follows :—Received into the establishment, 127 white males, 70 White females, 17 negroes, 15 negro wenches ; total rec e i ve d , 229. Dis charged during the same period, 140 white males, 62 white females, 22 negrbes, and 20 negro wenches ; total i discharged, 244. Rem ainingn prison, 73 w hi te males, 31 white females, 21 negroes, and 6 negro wenches ; tot:al remaining, 131. Of those remaini ng , only 47 are for felo nies and 'misdemeanours, other than assaults and batte ries, the remainder . being for drunkenness, vagrancy,g&c.. Of the 47, three are of persons convicted and not sen tenced, one is confined for mu r d er, 18 for grand larceny, seven for petit larceny, one for embezzlement, three for abandonment, one for robbery in the first degree, three for burglary, three for forgery, one for rape, one for receiving stdlen goods, two for false p r et e nces, one for bigamy, one for c onsp i racy, disorderly persons. one for bastardy, and two. " IMPORTANT INTELLIGENCE. SUPPOSED. RESCUE OF ' NPLEOD BY THE CANADI ANS. DREADFUL EXCITEMENT AT LOCKPORT. New Fork, July 18, 1841, Five o'Cloc k, a.m. " Mr. John Connally, of Barclay street, has kindly furnished us with the following most important letter re ceived by hi m two hours ago, per the Albanyboat, from Captain Eustace of Lockport. The express that brought the lett er had arrived at Albany but a f e w minutes be fore the boat started—the rumour, however, of the rescue, was beginning to spread in all directions, and the excite ment was intense. None of the passengers by the Albany steam-boat could give any particulars further than these contained in the letter; but they all agree that some alarming demonstration must have been made by the Ca nadian people:— " Lockport, Saturday, Four, a.m. " ' Deer J"--, . -We are sure of a war at last. Half an hour since, our gaol, which lies a little way out of town, was surrounded by three or four hundred Cana dians—for the purpose, of course, of rescuing A:need— and doubtless they have effected their purpose before this. I say doubtless, because as yet we know nothing for certain —only the arrival of the mob, the surround ing of gates, and the forcing of the guard ; and it will be impossible to ascertain fillparticulars before day-break. Meanwhile we are in the midst of such a din of confusion and alarm as I never heard. All the.public bells are ringing —the people have turned out en masse, every pistol, dirk, sword, club, musket, 8.7. c, in the village, is being put in requisition, and hoarse voices in all directions are shout ing--‘ To arms, to arms.' rhe express rider who will carry this from here is preparing to set oato alarm the 1 towns along the river, to the end I believe of mustering a force of retaliation, to dash right over and take instant MORNING SUN. vengeanc3 on the Canadians. The fellows, it is thought, came by way of Lake Ontario—Hark, they are firing at the gaol. I fear we may have bloody work of it.—Your's, in haste, &c., "' WM. EUSTACE. " P.S. By the way, it is thought poor 'Teller, from New York, is kidnapped, as he is not to be found at his boarding-house. Rumour is also rife about the abstrac tion of Mackenzie. God 'only knows what will be the end of it. 64 I E JOHN HOCKINGS, the BIRMING- ' - HAM BLACKSMITH. John, " take him all in all," as our great Bard has it, is an extraordinary individual. For five nights, during the present week, he has been lecturing at the Queen's Theatre, in this town, to numerous and re spectable audiences. On each night he spoke for about one hour and three quarters, and his physical and mental powers are such, that he could apparently continue his lecture to double the time, to the great satisfaction of his hearers. Hockings is a stout, well made man, and he has a good-looking, smiling coun tenance. He appears to be about fifty-six years of age, dark complexion, and stands about five feet eight inches in stature. His dress bespeaks the order to which he belongs. It consists of a coarse dark coloured cloth frock coat, with pockets outside, some thing like that of a shooting coat, dark pantaloons, striped or spotted waistcoat, and black neckerchief: When addressing the audience h e i s no t very particular whether his coat is on or off. Should the atmosphere be rather warm, John throws off the coat, and having relieved himself from that incumbrance, proceeds with the subject with fresh vigour. As an orator, he may with great propriety be c a ll e d o n e o f th e Thauma turgi of teetotalism.. His style is natural, powerful, and eloquent ; and when describing the baneful effects of alcoholic drinks upon the unfortunate, in dividuals given "up to them, he is remarkably happy. He is quite what is understood by the term an nu ' educated man—that is, he never received ordinary instruction in any school during his boyhood, and did not know how to read till one of his own children taught him, after he had become a teetotaller. He is eloquent to a high degree, and carries both the feelings and judg ment of the audience with him. When describing the misery and woe of the drunkard and his family, his man ner and the tones .of his voice a r e suc h th a t h e no t un -• frequently draws tears from his audience.. On thee other band, when giving a rich and picturesque de-. seriptiee of tte. follies and alisurdities e efeAksi drunk ard, his inimie powers are so great and so `%lK•urs'a, that he sis sure to elicit peals of laughter. Without au regular Connexion in his speeches, he goes on, with perfect case to himself and pleasure to the audience, from " grave to gay, from livelyto severe ;" and, how ever mal-apropos a word may occasionally be, he is never short Of one in the course of his address. His style of reasoning is perfectly original. He knows nothing about forming a syllogism, or the rules of logic, but he brings his own experience and common sense to bear upon the matter, and he is generally victoriotys. He gave a proof of this in one of his recent IPetures. Describing a discussion he had had with a per son who opposed teetotalism, he said, his oppo nent objected to the word " teetotaller," and said it was like the system itself—ridiculous, as it could n it be found in any dictionary ; and, with regard to alcoholic drinks, he contended they were perfectly justifiable, as the barley from which they were made was alcohol, and, therefore, on the principles of logic, teetotalism was absurd. In reply, Hockings said he ]anew nothing about logic, but the gentleman would perhaps be so kind as to tell him what was the name of the upper article of dress he then wore. " a'i," said his opponent, " that is a Mackintosh." "Nov -," said Hockiugs triumphantly, " what a ridiculous aid absterd thing that must be ! What dictionary slid you find that word in ?" " Oh," said the gehtlemetn, " that is a word merely to express the name of t.he c oat." " Just so," said Hockings, " and the word ' teetotalism', is similar. It implies that those who ab stain from intoxicating drinks are sober, respectable men. Now with regard to barley being a l co h o l," continued liockings, "I said to one of my hearers, 4 I say, Jack, this here pocket handkerchief is papery a'nt it ?" No,' said Jack, 'it is cotton.' Oh, but it must be paper,' replied Hockings, 'on the principles laid down by that gentleman respecting barley,—for, if barley be alcohol, this handkerchief must be paper.' " Heel:imp' common sense here prevailed over his oppo ntmt, who retired from the contest crest-fallen. Al though the manner, reasoning, .and eloquence of Ho ckings are of native mint, and all three of a very sup erior caste, there is, nevertheless, a coarseness. abc ut them that would not be tolerated in any other public man. His expressions, however, come from so , unsophisticated a source, that they a dd to, rather than diminish the effect of his discourse. Thus, "Down with the (lust"—" Any brass in your rag s ?" --" Getting the sack"—" Cutting his lucky," ania mu& tite_de of other similar phraseology, are made in the hands of John Hockings so many ornaments to his speech. ' It is quite the language he has all his life been used to, and it flows as naturally from him EIS a spring does from its source. Hockmgs, in the early part of his manhood, according to his own ac cc,unt, was much given to intemperance. His appear ance was such, he says, that " the boys would cut =way from him, as from a robber," but since lie has " joined teetotal," he has been enabled to keep him *elf and family respectable, and buy " a little free , hold" into the bargain. He is most ardent and inces -1 sant in his calling, by day and by night, in winter and, summer, Wand :England, - Ireland, lind - Scotland, are by i turns the scenes of his operations. In Ireland, he was one of the precursors of Father Mathew, and he reveres 1 that great man with filial affection for his efforts in the 1 cause of teetotalism. Although a resident of Birming -1 ham he is a native' of London, and has a strong southern 11 accent. From his long residence, however, in the above 1 town, he has obtained the sobriquet of the •' Birmingham Blacksmith," a name of which he appears to be proud, i r and which will, no doubt, long distinguish him in the annals of teetotalism.—Liverpool Journal. WEEKLY STATEMENT OF LON DON, LETTERS, Ana. 9, 1841. THROUGH' THE GENERAL POST. Four weeks ending Aug. 7 1841 Corresponding period of 1840 Ditto as nearly as can be given of 1839 Increase since 1840 on the four weeks' letters 1,560,229 Ditto 1839 ditto 3,868,503 THROUGH THE DISTRICT POST. Four weeks ending Aug. 7, 1841 Corresponding period of 1840 Ditto as ner.rly as can be given of 1839 Increase since 1840 on the four weeks' letters 146,699 Ditto 1839 ditto 673,316 BRUSSELS, AUG. 7.—lt results from the ave rage prices of wheat and rye last week in the ten pro vincial markets, and from the law of the 31st of July, 1834-1. That wheat will be exempt from import duty, dating from the 11 th of this month ; 2. That , the im port duty on rye remains fixed at 25f. 50c. for 1,000 kilogrammes ; 3. That the export duty on both wheat and rye it 25c. for 1,000 kilogrammes. The average prices of wheat is 21f. 60c. ; that of rye, llf. 85c. EXTRAORDINARY AFFAIR.—Great excite ment prevailed at Wootton Bassett on Saturday week, in consequence of the following circumstance :—A man of the parish of Cliffe Pypard had been taken into custody the Saturday previous by the police officer, for threaten ing to beat a woman. The officer, whether acting under th advice of a magistrate-or not is unknown, took him into the parish of Wootton Bassett, and turned him over to the policemen stationed in that town, who, without any oeremony, put him into the Blindhouse, here he was confined until the following Thursday. He was then taken to the County Magistrates, but from some cause or other, nothing was decided, and he was again placed in confinement, where he remained until Saturday, the policeman refusing to allow him to breathe fresh air, or to obey the 'calls of nature, otherwise than in his sodun geon ! Thus was a free-born Englishman imprisoned for a week, without any inquiry having been instituted ,The into the charge on which he was a the manner of the inhabitants were disgusted Mayor hearing of the matter, and u nderstanding that miserable hole, only 6 feet confine ment (the Blindhouse b eing by 4 feet), desired the pel `tom committed, and in parish where the alleged oicfreeamnanceke the man to the which a County Magistrate ndismissed, it appearing that he resided. The case was then disposed of, the Surely this matter requires in was of unsound vestigation.-- NEW WORK bDITEDBY Boz.—Now READY. req uested to state that the new work entitled —We are Topers, :11t1_4ire Independent. by Various Hands," edited by The Pie Nile Es . q. (Boa), in 3 vols. post Bvo. with illustratC .1 k Phir &c., i • pub lished Georg e rui cs an , this day Mr. 9 Colburn, of Great Marlborough street, and may nowCllarles.Di,,ckebnlh,, be had of every Bookseller, and at throughout the kingdom. Agents for Scotian( , .M. Ed' b a I Messrs Bell and Bradfute, urgh ; for ll the Librari es thro . Ireland, Mr. John Cumming, Dublin. THE CROPS.—We . had very heavy rains on Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday ; but the weather has been better since, and we have good hopes of a safe harvest, if advantage is taken of every hour of sunshine. The wheat will be under an average crop.— ‘ llanipshire Guardian. c.; The wheat harvest in this neighbourhood com menced on Monday, and had the weather continued favourable for a few days a great quantity would have been cut, but the wet coining on so heavily has put a stop to further progress.—Hants Adrertiser. Too BAD.—A shoemaker at Lynn, Massachu setts, the place where they shovel so many shoes toge ther, and so fast, lately whipped one of his apprentices to death because he could not hang up the shoes as fast as the master made them ! THE EYES.—Optical improvements to enable persons at an advanced age to read with ease and discriminate ob jects with perfect distinctness.—Messrs. S. and B. Solomons, 39, Albemarle-street, Piccadilly, opposite the York Hotel, and 76, King William.street, City ; their long extensive practice has ena. bled them to invent Spectacle Lenses upon a new construction, of the greatest transparent refractive power, which have gained universal approbation. Immediately they are placed Wore imperfect ision every object becomes clear and distinct, so that the must aged imper fect sight becomes bright and brilliant, and is brought to its youth. ful, natural, and original state. The valuable advantages derived from this invention is, that these lenses arc constructed on a princi. ple that persons can see with them of a much less magnifying power than those now in common use; nor will they require the frequent changes that other spectacles generally do ; they are also adapted to imperfect vision to the greatest nicety; they are found to preserve and strengthen the most weak and defective sight. Their invisible operative Voice Conductor for deaf persons is mot the least percepti. ble, nor more uncornfortab!e than having apiece of wool in its place; they give immediate relief to old . standing extreme cases of deaf yin e a b n se d arms t h eo e nf unqualifiedmedical A a i p bp p e mr r o o f b cas a r o o .ns n t. r_ o e f eNt al 00 0 p v epo e on 4 lin t i ti °l o ite r , ness. Those valuable inventions have also gained th e p a t ronage of with te tthh ee pßri o , i e n y r c a s i l o p n F a s l a m o m: l e t York Hotel, and 76, King William-street, City.