The Sun. — London, England, 1819-07-02 00:00:00

soine Avell regulated Act on the subject would be el. ally felt. i.-)rd AUCKLAND expressed his satisfaction at a peat part of what tell from the Noble and Learn ed Lord, as a great part of the Amendments he iidt-nded to propuse were .calculated to meet the objections referred to. The lionse then resolved into a Committee on the Bill, when the Amendments proposed by Lord AUCKLAND were agreed to sub silentio, and subse quently ordered to be printed. The Bill, it was understood,,would be reeam t tti tea mr-Aionday. - • The remaining Bills upon the table were then respectively forwarded, aud the House adjourned tilt to-morrow. HOUSE OF COMMONS. A new Writ was ordered for the Borough of Eye, in the room of T. D. LAME, Esq. deceased. Mr. TIERNEY. from the Tax-office, presented Accounts of the expences incurred under the Land-tax Redemption Act.---Ordered to lie on the table. The Sinking Fah Loan Bill was read a third time and passed. The General Sessions of the Peace in Ireland, the Customs, Foreign Wares, the Penitentiary, tlie Spirit Intercourse, the Inland Coals, and the Pilchard Bounty Bills, were read a third tune and passed. GRAMPOUND ELECTION. On the motion of Lord JOHN RUSSELL, the House went into a Committee on the Grampound Bribery Bill. Joseph Child having been called in and examin ed, and the Messenger not having yet been able to serve the order to attend on the other witness, Ni. MEDDnicoTe, the Chairman, reported pro gress, and asked leave to sit again on Monday next, which was granted. ASSESSED TAN Ec. The Report of 'lie As,essed Taxes Relief Bill was broil& op; ,ind- Bill ordered to be re committed nev Saturday. • , - The House having resolved itself into a Committee on the Assessed Taxes Acts, . , The CHANCELLOR, of the EXCHEQUER. proposed a Resolution for extending to .Iretand the benefit of the Conr r 07:ition for the Assessrd Taxes.—Agreed to. flonst then resumed, and the Report was ordered to be received to-morrow. The Navy Agents' Allowance -Bill was committed.—Re port to-am: row. • Mr. Dighton, front the Royal Military Canal, presented Accounts of the Rates of Vas of that Canal.—Laid on the. tahle. , The Exchequer Bills Bill was read a second time, and or dervd to he committed to•morrow. _ The irish TeeaSary Bills was 'read a second time, and or dered to he committed to-morrow. ; • • The. Reports of the Stonggling, RreVention, the Irish. Post- Oth-ce, the East India Posta , re, the Southern Whale Fishery, the Plate Glass, the Coals Drawback, the Vessels Cargo, the Irish Malt Itetenue;•the• Stage Coach Felonies, the Soap and Celtic:a-Bills, were received, and the Bills ordered fur a third reading tieinorruw. 'The Irish Insolvent Act was read a second time, ant order ed to committed to-raorrc;w. . _ The New South Wales Trade Bill went through a Coin wittee.—lttport tu-DiOrrow. .T ht Cnarchcs` Building Amendment:Bill was read a third and passed. l'rioris Bill was read a second time, and ordered to. hi; c,.!nuilitted to•monrotia. The Pauper Lunatic. Bill was also read a second time, and ordered fur it third Ltacli.rx zo-morrow. The Fisheries Bill went'ihrOngli a Conimittee. After a few wsitetsft'om Sir I. Coffin and'Sir H. Parnell, the Report was ordered to I,e received to-nrnrr tw• _ - : The Iteiti'u-t - of.the '‘treigiA ?f.Breied Bill was received, and the Bill ordei - ed for a third reading.to-morrow. Cf)l.l,E( TION or THE REVENUE. Sir H. PAP,NhLL laid on the, table several resolutions - , stating, the, an,ount of. the gross receipts of the United Kin , - doni in and that it appeared that the collection and niariagein eat of the rtvenue'had not 'cost a less _ sum than 5 - 075,5701. At the suggestion of the CHANCELLOR of the E:k.CHF..- QUER, the deltate on these resolutions was fixed rut Mon day. House went into Comtuittees on the Coffee Exporta tion, the Sweets nii , l Made Wines, and the Silk Manufacture Bilis —Reports to-morrow. The Spirits ti)llatervailin Duties Bill was read a second titife, and oriitlred to be committed to-morrow. The Deceased Oilicers Arrears Bill wasread a second time.— Comaiittee to-Luorrow. Goods Certificate Bill in Ireland was read a first time, and ordered for a second reading to-morrow. The crush Eicise L>ctiesJlM «•as read a first time, and or dk red fora second reading - to-morrow. The Irish Election Bill was read a first time.—Second read ing to- morrow. f Eneftsh and Irish Militia Pay Bills were read a third time, and passed. The noose went into a Committee on the Slate Trade Pill.—lteport received, and the Bill ordered for a third read ing to-morrow. Si M. FOULKES was understood to present ‘a petition from Kiog's Lyon, I;i:sling for Annual Parliaments and Uni versal Suffrage.---Ordered to lie on the table. PUBLIC BUILDINGS. Mr. BANKES proposed a series Of resolutions, the first of which directed that %viten it should be found necessary to erect some, great and extensive building at the public expence, and when such building should . uost be already under the utanage went of the Surveyor-General, that Officer . should, in the manner which might appear most conve n;ent to himself, invite a competition of Alai ter to construct the same. Atter a few words trout Mr. Lotto, the resolu tion w i ts agreed to. A resolution, declaring that it %Vas inexpedient to rinnuoerate the Surveyor by a per centage on 11:e sums laid out; as that mode of remuneration prt him an interest in augmenting the expeute, .al o agreed 40, The Appropriation Bill went through a Com pri:zee, the report of which was ordered to be re ceived .10-1110rlow. • ATTACK ON THE KING. Lord MoRrETH presinted a - Petition, signed by a Gentleman of the name .of . Betting&lll. The retitioner was a person .of an ancient and respect able family. ttr would - be in the recollection of many Members of that House, that in 1795 con siderable dissatisfaction prevailed in the country ; 'and it would also.he remembered, that the King had been attacked on his. way to the House of Lotds in that year. To rewind the House of this fact, he hadouly to War the House to the pro kistnatioWthat was iisWed on.the occa s ion, which t et torth, that on the 29t1i, oi Octoher divers per. eons in the City of Westminster had - Committed c i ti(44:n d7:ing offences, in:gross violation of the peace, to the actual.danger of his Majesty's Royal Person, and the interruption of his passage to his railiamcnt. He (Lord Morpeth) would not Elwell (Ls i:„c'encirruiucb committed, - our on the violent cxltessium. used by tbuse.who attacked the King's aythe time. vvere , well known, but it #.4:ct,bat y that hi. 161.4u1d state the tact that the same violences had been repeated on the re- I turn' of his Majesty through the Park. That which then occurred he would read to the.. House in the words of an Author who had recorded the transaction, (Mr. • Gifford). He accOrdingly• read a passage flour a work well k'nown - 'to the pobliri in which the—appearance of the-ctowd, and the character of the attar k tuade'on the Kitigi were described. It represented his Majesty to ih:imminent ettaliger, 'wbturMr..lohn 13edingfield, of the Navy Pay (Mice, opposed him self to their fury, and gave a signal to the Guarde, Athothen. came up, rescued their Sovereign, from the populace, and conveyed hint in safety to Bnckingham House. Ile would not dwell on the subject, for he thought it unnecessary to ,say mare -in his favour than that at such a moment he bad exposed himself lodic rage of an infutiated pn pulace. He then read a private letter, itt which the conduct of Mr. Bedinglield was spoken of in very high terms. The service thus r end e red h a d been recognized by the Sovereign himself, Neho some time atter Wad been pleased to say the Peti tioner " bad route just in time." Though, as he alteady said', the Petitioner was of an ancient and respectable family, unhappily he had not been placed by fortune in a very affluent situation, and with the claims he had on hint, he thought that he would have been in a measure repreheusilile, had he not applied fur some reward for the service he had rendered. He 'was sorry to say that he lt,ad applied mote than once, and to more then one quarter, but without success. ,He would not contrast the merit of the petitioner with the see:- vices of some individuals who received great emo luments from the,public, but this he would say, that had a part of the Royal bouncy been taught. to flow in. the direction of Mr. liedinglieid; it would have reflected no discredit on those who recommended such a disbursement. He submit ted this case to the candour ()Elite House, hoping that at least the petition would be ,put .on their journals as a memorial of the servic'e rendered, • however that service mieht he requited. Ihe CHANCISLLOR of the EXCHFAVER thought it remarkable, that after-24 ,years bad elapsed such a petition should be .presented, instea& of being brought fovyvard at the: time. 114 e could not think so harshly of. the Government- of , that day as to think they would have 'neglected . the claim, had it been then preferred. Now the case was one that required much investigation, as he, for one, knew nothing obit but by curnmorereport. He begged for tire present to reserve iris opinion on the merits of the Petitioner. Mr—Sergeant ONsLow could see no, reason why claims that had lain dormant. for 24 years should not now be attended to: lie recollected the umnstances:of the .case, _and had never beard the merit of the Petitioner i:enied or questioned, and he therefore entreated the House. to give their4a vou'rahle. attention to the. subject. Lord MORPFTH contradicted a.rumour that, herd gone abroad, that the Petitioner had been reward , ed with, the place which .be Mr. BARHAM said, since 60001. bad been granted to General Bnyd, he did not. see that the time which had elapsed since: the service was performed ()sight to maLe.against2. the .elaiin,.of the present Petitioner•, _ _ Petition was then read. It was as fuip lows : To the Corantons'of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and'lreland in Pdrliatnent assembled, • ' The Humbte Petition of jolts: BEntNovtri,o, Showetbs--Your Petitioner, with great deference, begs leaie to state to the Honourable House, that on the 31st of Octo ber, 1795, a Proclamation was issued, purporting, that on the 29th of that month, divers persons riotously assembled and stationed in the City of Westminster, proceededlo . highly cri minal outrages to the actual danger of the Royal Person. On that day, after the'King had returned from the House of Par liament to. St. James's, your Petitioner, being in St. James's Park, was prevented from proceeding into Pall-Mall by the immense pressure of the crowd, which filled the opening be twixt the garden of the Palace and that of Marlborough- House. Soon after a detachment of the Life Guards came up, and, after a short halt, was marched off with its•front (which is most material' to observe) towards Whitehall. Nothing, therefore, could exceed the astonishment of Petitioner, when :some-time:after he perceived his Majesty in his chariot alune, and unattended by any, part of the civil or military, power, endeavonring to proceed friint Saint James's Palace towards Buckingham-House. Part of the mob, uttering atrocious ex pressions relatire,to the King, rushed towards the carriage.— Your Petitioner, greatly alarmed at the danger to which his• Majesty was exposed, struck several 'persons'sklio had hold of the spokes of the wheel, and placed himself'close tO the car- , riags. it is not for him to dwell on his subseqyent conduct, and self-command, when the_danger became more imminent. A Gentleman, Mr. Lambert, of Woodmanstmie, in Stirrey, who was not far off,.hut separated by the.assailants, is of opi nion, that the fury of the mob was so great, that if had not been fur the exertions of your Petitioner, the door would have been forced open and the author of a political work, Gifford; who was intim Park on thaerlay; and to whom. your Petitioner was an entire stranger, adverting to these trans , actions. says :—" Titus, to the activity and presence of mind of this loyal Gentleman, was the Country, in all probability, indebted for - intent. , rescued her character front the foulest stain whirl) tto-- harld of a regicide could inflict, and which no expiation; no anitiement, ever could have effaced." A short time after this event; your Petitioner was honoured with the Royal 'Thanks at the Court of t3t..Jaines's, and - his Majesty, in the hearing of Sir Robert Barlow, Commissioner of i be ICoyal Duck-yard at Chatham, most gracioitsly condescended to avert to the promptitude of his interference. That distinguished Officer,. now living, distinctly heardsthe King say, that . your Petitioner." came just in time." .This was the . opinion and declaration of a Monarch, whose conduct on so many occasions had hen marked by that intrepidtty which is inherent in his Fatuity. The hopes and expectations which, the performance of such a service and such a reception natu rally- excited, were not realized. The well-known benevo lence of the Royal mind, the great condeseension with . which • your.Petitinner was always received, and other circumstances, induce hint to believe that.hi, Majesty was graciously inclined towards hint; bat so touch blame attached to some persons on account of the, unprotected state in which the King had been left„that honours or rewards eon I erred on your Petitioner would have placed in a still stronger light that remissness and neglect by which his Majesty b ad .)ent exposed to so much danger. Your Petitioner, therefore, begs leave to observe, that there is no foundation for the reports which have been so ge nerally. circulated and believed, that a place soot ,a pension hail been conferred upon him for this service. He ; obtained the official, situation which he now - holds many yea6t before that event. To the great surprise of rout Petititiner, some persons.have stated that be ought to have made early solid tattoos. He thought they would have been unneeessury. He can prove, however, from a !eget in his possession, addressed to him by a Member of this Honourable , House, that a Me morial, at a subset:Omit period,. was delivered to Mr. Pitt ; that he said that he would consider of it, and talk to that Gentleman on the subject at some other opportunity. Your Petitioner concludes that the death of the Minister prevented. further communication. In February, one thousand eight hundred .and thirteen, your Petitioner presented a humble Memorial to his Royal Highness the Prince Regent, in which be advertud to the protection afforded, in the absence of the civil and military power, to his .Majesty's sacred person, and to the thanks with which he had been honoured at the Court at St. James's. Your Petitioner was soon alter informed, by the Right Hun. John M' Mahon, that, by the direction of his Royal Hichlaess, the Memorial had been sent to the Secretary of State for the Home Department, by . whom it was trans' milteA to the First Lord of the Treasury. Your Petitioner requests this Honourable House to take the service rendered into consideration, and to adopt such measures as in its svis doin-shall be deemed expedient and proper, and such as re sp4ct- for the national character shall appear to require.. 1319. . JOHN BEDINCirrELD. Me. C. HARVEY bad known Mr.Bedinifield and his family a nnmber of years, and was sure the petitioner vas a man of that character — that he would not mention a fact in his petition which he did not know to be true. After n few words front Mr. BENNET, the peti tion WaS ordered to be printed. The Irish Customs Duties Bill was read a third time and passed. PETITION FROM LIVERPOOL. The-Marquess of TAvisTocx presented A petition from certain Housekeepers of Liverpool, in favour of a Patliamentary Reform. On the subject of Reform, he would say, that he was of opinion that some Reform was necessary,, though of the success of any particular plan that had as yet been► suggested, he had no very sanguine expectations, as the manner in which opinions had been taken up and laid down, and the course taken against those who differed from them, were, in his opinion, injurious to the cause. He hoped the friends of Reform within doors would• not be separated by. the inconsistencies of some of its advocates out of doors, but that they would pursue a steady course, without ►egard to the wild and visionary schemes of theorists on the one hand, or the representa tio.tts of powerful corruption on the other. Mr. lirrouGuAm bore testimony to the respecta bil:tv 'of- the petitioners. The petition was read, and ordered to be printed. PARLIAMENTARY REFORM: Sir F. BURDETT, as he did not know to whom the Noble Lord who hail just presented . a peti tion on the subject of Reform, applied the terms he had used, could not judge of what he might mean to eall " wild'and visionary." lie thought that he (Sir F. Burdett) bad never supported schemes of such a character, and lie had done no thine to separate the friends of 'Reform. He had not bt'ottglit the subject forward sooner, because he wished The people to be satisfied of the inutility of the:exertions of that body of Gentlemen called the' Whigs, and was desirous of convincing them that Lothing could afford the Country essential relief but a Parliamentary Reform. Had he not done this—had he nor waited so long, ii might have been said that he'had interfered' with the Gentlemen of the Opposition in' the p'etfurrna rice of their duties - , and caused the failure of their en deavours to check the career of Ministers, and he might have been even accused of being the cause Of new taxes to the amount - of f.",',000,00,01. being imposed. Having acted thus, tailing of success' now, he should not think that bennghtto be con sidered as standing in the way Of, any party, if early it) next Sessioh be again called the atten tion of the House to this all-important question. He had formerly submitted to the. Housea plan Which, in his opinion, was - neithervisionary nor M lid ; it was this, that all persons directly paying taxesshoald be entitled to vote for the return of a Member' of Parliament. In favour of this plan, he quoted at some length the opinions of Mr. Justice Blackstone: 'At 'present', he contended; the majority of that HOnse - was improperly returned, and they sat there, knowing •thentselves to he the nominees of persons who by law were prohibited from' all interference . in' the election of its Members. The rights now claimed by , those who were accused of pursuing wild and visionary schemes were not a tenth part of those enjoyed by their ancestors, He would contend the country was much more free and happy under its ancient laws than it was at present ; .and in proof of this he referred to the authority of Lord Chancellor Fortescue, who described the English to live luxuriously, to be' rich, and in every re spect in a most enviable slate, compared with the people of l'wee. The present condition of the people of England, compared with that of the people of Frauce, was such, that it should almost :Seelli (according to persons who had recently been ita that country) that the situations of the nations `were reversed. He took a review of the present distresSes; and (hewed each of the several classes to be calling on Parliament to afford them relief, a wl impose additiOnal burdens on theirneighbours. The fact was, the country was greatly over-taxed. The evil could only be remedied by' a Reform in Parliament; for he would tell them that no econo my and retrenchment' would relieve the people -effectually without general .RefOrm in that . House. The heavy taxes levied were made addi tionally oppressive by the expence of collection. Formerly no expence was created by the collection of the revenue,. and, ,tinder:. another system, he thought the people would be glad to raise the taxes they had to 2 pay, anal transmit them with ,out expellee to the Tr - easury: The evils at pre sent endured were caused by' a corrupt House. of Commons. He ,had used a common phrase, " a corrupt House of Commons," but it was incorrect: The Gentlemen who belonged to that assembly calling itself the House of Com mons--(Cries of Order !) The Sreaitek thought the ,Hon. Baronet, on reflection, would do him the justice to perceive, that he was bound to interrupt him. If such language could-be regularly used. in that House,. be (the Speaker) should have to apologize. Sir F. BURDETT resumed.—He bowed to the Chair. What he meant was this, that -the 'Gen.." tlertien of the House of Commons were . hot cor rupt. They most faithfully and 'thagnanimouslY . discharged their duty to their. COnstitherits who sent them there, but their Constituents were hot the Public. Atter commenting on the Septennial Act, which had been justly described by Dr. Johnson, as a " greater outrage againti the libel.: ties of the people than that which had expelled the Stuart Family from the Thione• of these' Realms," he maintained that such a RefOrm as he desired 'would aoginent the glory, end extend the prerogatives, of the Crovin'. He then contrasted the'present system' with that acted arPon in 'the reign of Queen Elizabeth. That period of our history. he w a s fumes(ireferring to, for then there was no'standing army in'thi's' country; surd Eli za-' Beth could : with propriet y' call, as alte `often did, her people, " bee lguardi. - " 'Oh one oceaa tiorein, particular,, when asked by the Spanish -Amba&sador 'where' were !her troops to escort her to some grand entertainment, she replied with much surprise at the qnestion, " 14y . f1e0 1316 arc my guards." A Reform, instead of itunri n, : would benefit the public creditor, for then 1 '; would have security which the imposition of o c „ taxes could not afford, as be had no hesitation 'l' saying, that h . ,e should be much surmised if t " three Millions of new-- taxes produced its the e t ", suing year (though th• woad occasion gre' distress) would add three millions to the reveil l e ; In fine, he was convinced that every man in country had an interest in putting an end to present state of the representation Of the Pei'l” e: with the exception of tie proprietors of rot ten boroughs. Mr. Pitt had declared many year'Silli t ; that Parliamentary Reform- was necessary, that under the present system no honest 0 41 - - could be the Minister of the Country. He iin t.°l : • • tunately verified his own proposition. Under ' administration, delusion after delusion arose, sill aid, d by circumstanc e s, the whol e nation aeeniC:,• to have been intoxicated by the magic of his . g 1 6 7, quence. The truth, however, came out at las t the- country awoke to the situation in which:h had been plunged, and lamented the career ' , Ow . ' had been pursued so long. The gentlemen n e :a him (the Whigs) thought if the men who for'" the Administration were changed, all would to; on well ; but Le would insist that a change of 114/ would be useless, without a change of mess"' .l- also. The present system ought not to continii" but for himself, however jealous .of a standing 9 1 my, he thought the country had less to dr e ", from those who were dressed in red than those who were dressed in black. He 1 0 " • really (so loyal a subject was he) rather bi l lr taxes taken from him by the Sovereign biuss•'; than by a body of men, who usurped a Pn` r e i 4 e which they had no right to exercise. ' l 4 • Noble Lord, and those who . bad spoken on flourishing state of the country, reclining on be of roses themselves, knew little of its distre ss , e .j, ; which, however, were no secret to any body 05 He would now propose no particular plan of ltese form ; but what he wished was, th it the should give some general deciatatioo of cessity of having recourse to some scheme of ; # g form. The expediency of doing this was da le which be wished to press on their- attention i .e" was the interest of all that something of this 5n : 0 should be done, for 'he firmly believed that ; `, 2 ; present system could not long be persevere d i e S and if a course like that which he recommel,,be: were not adopted; those - be now addressed in the end be involved in the ruin to every_ body else was .exposed. He then 4 ( 4" plained of the abuses which had been nt °e- 0 to exist in Charities, Prisons, Mad-houses, Ca" i f fe ,. of Justice, but, -above all, in of The Court of Chancery caused more Immo! e a fering and misery than he believed had ever 17 . 4 11 „. know in a civilized country before, and that `shut-'out any blame to the individuals connected w i it was the system that was bad ; proof of this being any thing but what it ong l3 ` in a, be, he Would ask the House what, in one d to stance,. the office copy of accounts neces or7 mi : carry on proceedings bad cost . ? Perhaps would say 1,0001. —More. 5,0001. 10;0001.—More. 15,0001. More, 20,0 1 : 0 . § ., More. To keep the House no longer re 4 , pence, 29,0001. for the office copy of accoun ts of ; cessery to carry on the proceedings in •,,a , Court of Chancery. The great cause of th e d ot' mense amount of law expences was the stn i -i' of the stamp duties. These had come to 6 1 ( 0', height that they were to the great body f . people an absolute prohibition against resort- a rt y; "v " Court of Justice. A man who was only t hi, 101. was obliged to pay all those 'dodo t a; ( Or same way as the richest man in the Onto of , These were grievances which called loudiY et°. .redress e and, upon a view of all the circumsonii,E(. which he:bad now mentioned, considering , 5t f ee ,same time, that it was to a true and pure sentation in Parliament-that the people roust for the correction of such evils, be thoug l4t b od House most agree to the proposal with wilicaea4 concluded-namely, " That early in the alit°, Session of Parliament the House will tak e ot consideration the State of the Represeotat i° ' the People." 4 (10 Mr. GEORGE LAUB congratulated the Fri ° , 0 -Reform that the motion of the lion. Barnn e 7 o framed. in such a way as• to allow them toP l is teil supporting it. At the same time he congra t° o( It* himself on the circumstance that it would necessary for him to trespass upon the 611 4° 0 0 • House for more than a few minutes, as th e dio on which the Hon. Baronet had touched' - 100 4 course-01.b1., speech, and -on which he bou - happily displayed his eloquence, had nothing ec tii with the main question. It was, however, n tyo sary for bins to say, that though he suppor ted motion of the lion. Baronet, he must not be derstood torank himself in that class of Ref 6l. :o, who claitned'the Hon. Baronet as theirebil;o l , There was -- very little in common between bi. 0041 and the radical reformers. These persont li t i •of the march of re form, but it rather see me this, him that since the time that they bad caked', in that march, with the Hon. Baronet at b head, very little progress had been made---th e Loo , rather been doing that - which in military doer: l 'o4 was called, marking time—restless, but stil t° e tcf —raising much dust, hut not advancing ol i ve towards their object. 'Chose Reformers, frog' f el Ile was anxious to distinguish himself, we e . 10 heterogeneous body, and supported many tiv • a ent plans and opinions. Among the 00'4 • could_ state from his own experience , th oar, existed that regular class ofievellers, re sSe! existence the Honourable' Baronet had . • some doubts. There- was. this, bowere," e get w . O remarkable in the conduct of t h e tiro formers—that none of those. lain and prd;beett •:,nseasures of reform in which the House l'avtlir 'engaged had met with their support. Dil il lif ied! present Session , the House.. had adopted / t wo proceedings for reforMing • and correcting 9 0 1 1 which had crept into the representatili e sny IQ. • But the Hon. Baronet, so far from concu r ' i beilli those Measures, had expressly dissented fro tn o - th e This alone was sufficient to,throw discredit views Of persons who were constant , yF all on, • reform. He was therefore anxious to dra7,,, 00' between his own • notions en this subjf" t t i r es those-of the Hon. Baronet. And. fr st, hg• speet to the mode - of voting, he athrlittetW Understood) that ibcte might be considertui it) (1 - 1 ions (H i