The Sun. — London, England, 1841-04-19 00:00:00

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The comfort and happiness of no people were : ever hostile to the wealth and security of the aristocracy." These are fundamen tal rules—rules which, we trust, continue to be re respected in America, and which have been, in times Past, the foundation of the policy of some of the most eminent of British statesmen. The monarchy and the aristocracy can rest upon no surer foundation than the broad basis of commercial prosperity. But it has happened to every Minister who has attempted to purify and eularge the channels of trade, and however slightly to change their direction, that he has been assailed with the grossest obloquy. The sweepings of al parties, and of all prejudices, have b ea brought into active opposition to his mea sures. The unfounded reproach, the empty declama tion, which was launched at those members of the Import Duties Committee who elicited, just now, its very inconvenient evidence and report, was a mere Summ er shower compared with the storm which has been rahed in former times against some of the distin guished pioneers of the progress of Free Trade. Party has always hitherto done its best to thwart, obstruct, or dlroage every large awl beneficial measure of Com mercial Reform. Amongst the St.tesmen, whose views of commercial P°iicY have been the most liberal ; who have attached !ne greatest importance to the encouragement of our trade and maaufactures, to the extension of our foreign commercial relations ; have been those, most renowned for the wisdom of their administration, for their vigorous maintenance of our institutions at home, and of our poll. tied power abroad. But they have largely encountered the factious and interested violence of their opponents. Sir Robert Walpole's career furnishes an example. His c ommercial policy was of the most comprehensive cha racter. The opposition he experienced was of the most violent description. Interested partisans in the House of Commons, acting upon ignorance without, convulsed the country against a measure which was proposed to commuteanute or repeal taxes on raw materials, for an Excise duty on wine and tobacco. The foreign trade of the country was to be extended, the manufacturers to be re 'eyed ;—but the scheme which comprehended this be !racial purpose was represented as one not only dange rous to the trade and prosperity of the country, but to t ae liberty of the subject and the constitution itself! „0a this occasion the University of Oxford and "%est Shippen" coalesced, and rivalled each other to the violence of their opposition to the measure and t he Minister, and succeeded in thwarting the principal o bject Walpole had in view. The City illuminated the monument on the occasion, to celebrate his defeat. Since that time, however, many of Walpole's ideas have been realised, and our liberties have neither been injured nor narrowed. Our trade has prospered, our Power increased, our aristocracy have been enriched, and our Constitution placed on surer foundations. The interests thus created, have identified the mass with the Prosperity of the country. Walpole's main objects, indeed, were precisely those Which we have Co often pressed upon the attention of the public, but which such small and variable statesmen as Lord Ashburton think wild and visionary. He d ec l a r e d that he desired to increase the foreign trade of the country, by the adoption of the bonding and warehousing system since adopted. He desired to give a fresh impetus to our manufactures by repealing the duties on taw materials, since partially adopted. He advocated the increase of the revenue, and relief from taxation at the same time, by a revision of the tariff of the kingdom ; the very policy since adopted and recommended by a renent Committee of the House of Commons. And, filially, he drew up the following King's Speech, in which he anticipated the Report of the Import Duties Committee by a hundred and twenty )'ears only ! ri In this situation of affairs we should be extremely ;venting to ourselves if we neglected to improve the favourable opportunity which this general tranquillity gives us of extending our commerce, upon which the rich es and grandeur of this nation chiefly depend. It is very obvious that nothing would more conduce to the Obtaining so public a good, than to make the exporta tleo of our own manufactures, and the importation of the commodities used in the manufacturing of them, as Practicable and easy as may be : by this means the be lance of trade may be preserved in our favour, our na vigation :ncreased, and greater numbers of our poor employed. " I must, therefore, recommend it to you, gentle- Wen of the House of Commons, to consider how far the duties upon these branches may be taken off, and re- Placed, without any violation of public faith, or laying any new burthen upon my people. And I promise my self that, by a due consideration of the matter, the pro duce of those duties, compared with the infinite advan tages that will accrue to the kingdom by their being taken off, will be found so inconsiderable, as to leave little room for difficulties or objections." This speech was del vered on the 19th of October, 1 721, and was followed by a permission to export 106 additional articles, whilst from 38 the import duty was 'entirely taken off. •::, 'These were the earliest of Walpole's measures with ,„''''''VPect to trade, and which alone would entitle him to considered one of the first commercial Ministers of t-,° 1-Ingiancl. But his object was to simplify taxation, Abolish numerous petty, complicated imposts, which ' theeked commerce and vexed the fair trader, and to substitute in their stead a more equal and simple sys tem. This noble scheme for the welfare and grandeur Of the nation was defeated by the Ultra Liberals and I.l:tra Tories of the day, by the friends of " Protec tion," the " Farmer's friends," and the " friends of the Church !" The statute book, however, still retains ample memo tight of Walpole's labours in behalf of our commerce. ° When he came into administration," says Dean trucker, " be found the English book of rates almost as bad as any in Europe ; but he left it the very best. eked were you to compare what he did for promoting Reneral trade (and much more would he have done, had it not been for the madness of some and the wickedness of others)—you would find that he shone as much above al other Ministers as England bath exceeded the rest of the world in her late enormous expences in —" This boast of no hired panegyrist of Walpole, we trust may yet be the proud distinction of this reign. That our book of rates may not only be made the best in Europe, but the wisest for the interests of trade and humanity, which, under enlightened auspices, are lose- Parably united. We may safely, therefore, rank Walpole, unques tionably one of the ablest of British statesmen, amongst the friends of free trade. His principles and measures hav e both been revived and adopted, and have proved the foundations of our power. We now pass on to the time of Mr. Pitt. His views of commercial policy were as large and capacious as his Mind. And but for that wild Quixotism which involved this country in every quarrel in Europe, and so fearfully Unmerited our debt and impeded our prosperity, lie would have added to the wealth and prosperity of his etuntry more than he added to the debt. Mr. Pitt, Dot having the fear of Lord Ashburton before him, avowed himself a disciple of Adam Smith, In a speech Which Moore, in his life of Sheridan, tells us was cor rected by himself, he describes the work of this great Writer as furnishing " the best solution of every ques tion connected with the history of commerce." His treaty with France, his Irish commercial reso lotions, his Colonial Intercourse Bill, are all measures !ilse Walpole's, containing principles which are now only being slowly adopted, because there are still pow erful p ar ti e s whose interests still only coincide with our various deviations from the clear path of a just, honest, and wise national policy. In Sir Robert Walpole's time, and indeed in Mr. Pitt's, the popular party, who raised an outcry against 'a more liberal policy, relied upon the ignorance of the Public and the proportionate facility with which they could evoke opposition. Mr. Pitt was not, however, a Minister to bri intimidated, and he carried all his mea sures to the great advantage and security of the coun try, except his Colonial Intercourse Bill, which was destroyed in Committee. Mr. Pitt also may hence be considered publicly avowing, as he did, his reliance on the principles of Adam Smith (which the Herries and Goulburns of the present day would be slow to do), as liberal commercial Minister in the highest sense of the term. The commercial history of the last century may almost be comprised in the able and courageous asser tion of free trade principles by these Ministers, and the un deavours to obstruct their practical adoption, eithe r by the mean parasites of the popular party of the d aY, or the sturdy upholders of monopoly and protec lion for the benefit of an individual or a class. Be tween Mr. Pitt, or rather between the liberal commer clol measures of Mr. Pitt, and the next advocate of sounder view s o f trade, there is a long and dismal period, in Which there is little to be fouud but a waste of treasure and of blood, and noble energies of mind and body, for the fiuitless purpose of restoring legitimacy to the %rote of France. Trade was forced into unnatural chattels ; and every species of production was over 'ti:tulated. Upon the return of peace every effort was °We to maintain markets and prices, in the vain I . l ere of putting down the competition of rival nations 10 a state of peace, and of which the Corn-laws are the Most prominent, as they are the most evil, example. At the close of the war, however, Mr., after wards Lord Wallace, a Member of the Board of Trade, with great ability, introduced the ware -11414 and bonding system, whic h Sir R. Wal pole " 4(1 in va(n attempted to do, when he conceived the cilognificent idea of making " London a free p ort an d the market of the world." Lord Wallace was followed by Mr. Huskisson, who grappled with the prohibitions °I ou r Tariff, and substituted a varying protective duty in Pla ce o f th em ; an d whose policy is best vindicated °Y a reference to official tables, which she,/ the vast , e xtension o f our trade wherever the invigorati n g in u.uenice of competition was allowed, in place of two again s t it. tr• protec- Herries, in the last debate on the colonial reso- lotions, who was then most anxious to identify hi mse lf ' with Mr. Huskisson's policy, but who never opened his officical lips in its favour, and of whose official co-opera tion with Mr. Huskisson the Annual Register contains a sufficiently authentic account, asserted that Mr. Hus kisson's reform in our commercial system consisted only in the substitution of protection for prohibition. Lord J. J. Russell corrected the ardent friend of Mr. Huskis sun's principles and policy, by stating that Mr. Huskis son never meant by protection to exclude foreign compe tition, and Lord John Russell was right. Mr. Huskisson, in 1825, in an elaborate speech on the foreign commercial policy of the country, gives an account of an interview which he had had with depu ta.ions from the mining districts relative to his intended reduction of the duties on meta's. He said he had heard their representations, but had not been convinced by them— " All these special reasons," said Mr. Huskisson, " I own, have only satisfied me, that the general rule of free competition is the btst for all trades, as it is cer tainly the best for the public." And again, in the same speech, in allusion to the effort then made to put down smuggling, he said— " The last thing we ought to countenance is the con tinuance of high duties, not for the benefit of the Ex chequer, but for the supposed protection of certain branchee of manufacture." Indeed, all Mr. Huskisson's reasoning was based upon the principles of free. trade. And we must not forget that he had to advocate the introduction of sound commercial principles in the face of a powerful opposition, from friends as well as foes., and that he therefore had to adapt his arguments to the ignorance, the selfishness, the prejudices, of the day. His pro tective duties varied on different articles. He never even hinted that he considered the protection he then gave as a permanent one. On the contrary, he always pointed towards a time when protection would be no longer necessary. " Can anything," he said, " more forbibly illustrate that general position to which I have already adverted, and,which cannot be too strongly impressed on those who legislate for the interests of commerce and industry—that the means which lead to increased consumption, and which are the foundation, as that consumption is the proof of our prosperity, will be most effectually pro moted by an unrestrained competition, not only between capital and industry, of different classes in the same country, but also by extending that competition as much as possible to all other countries ?" We repeat, then, that when the colleague and friend of Mr. Huskisson described his policy as one of protection to British interests, to which he, for sooth, gave his assent, that this description only had re ference to the measures which Mr. Huskisson then thought expedient, and that it failed to describe the principle upon which all Mr. Huskisson's propositions, and most successful propositions, were founded. The difference, then, between Lord John Russell and Mr. Herries was, as usual, one of principle. Lord John Russell avowed, guardedly and advisedly, no doubt, the principles of free trade ; Mr. Herries, the principle of protection. That protection, however, is only safe and permanent which is based upon superior knowledge, capital, and skill. Let industry and sagacity have free play, following out, unchecked, their own paths of remu neration, and the universal Code of Commerce will be found a very simple one,—Le monde alors via de luinzenze. Thus, then, within the last century, England reckons three distinguished Commercial Ministers ; each of whom asserted great principles of Commercial Policy, the principles in fact of Free Trade, and each of whom had to endure opposition and obloquy only happily the more strikingly to demonstrate the soundness of their views and the " madness and wickedness" of many of their adversaries. Soon after Mr. Huskisson's policy was sanctioned by Parliament, it attracted notice in America, and as any testimony, from our friends and rivals on the other side of the Atlantic, to our success in commercial enterprise must be considered disinte rested, we shall extract from the Report already quoted, some remarks in review of Mr. Huskisson's measures. " The alarmed capitalists of that country were as tonished to see silk, wool, iron—all raw materials and manufactures—British and foreign indiscriminately— exported and imported ; the consumption and exporta tion of foreign and British productions greater than before ; new channels of trade opened ; old ones en larged and importations increased, and that all these things should exist without making them bankrupts. The shipowners denounced the Ministry ; British naviga tion, according to their sage predictions, would be ruined if the colonies were permitted to enjoy the liberty of trading with foreign nations. The most calamitous consequences would result from brushing away their ancient colonial restrictions, and the naval glory of Great Britain would be extinguished for ever. Mi nisters were, however, inexorable ; the colonies were emancipated ; and to their astonishment British navi gation increased in every branch which had been liberated, notwithstanding the loud remonstrances and melancholy predictions of the shipping interest." Thus, then, we quote the authority of Walpole, Pitt, and Huskisson, in favour of large and compre hensive measures of Commercial Reform. The present Administration is identified with a like policy, and can only be obstructed in its course, by selfishness, ignor ance, or mere party spirit. The choice, however, which has to be made between a review of our Import Duties, and thence an improved revenue, or the direct and immediate increase of taxation, will tend greatly to still the rage of party, and enlighten ignorance, and even selfishness itself.—Examiner. CLERICAL INTOLERANCE. We have no reason to believe that one particle of the proceedings, as detailed by us last week, are " co loured." They are narrated exactly as they occurred, for the case is one of those in which the truth is more powerful than fiction. No strong language, which it is in our power to use, could add to the disgust which all good men must feel, whatever their religious opinions, at the conduct of the Rev. Dudley Ryder, which con duct was countenanced by the Archbishop of York, and who therefore shares the disgrace of the unchristian and intolerant act. We cannot certainly but lament that the hitherto venerated name of Wilbeforce should now be associated, as it unfortunately is, with religious ty ranny and persecution—that the memory of the man, whose name will ever be associated with the emancipa tion of the slave, is sullied by his degenerate sons, who labour to impose on the mind of their fellow-man the shackles of a narrow and exclusive religious system. Samuel Wilberforce exerted the energies of a noble heart in freeing his fellow-men from bodily thraldom ; his sons disgrace his name and damage his reputation by striving with a bigot zeal to enslave the minds of their countrymen—by attempting to impose on them, through the power conferred ,by the British Inquisition—the Ecclesiastical Courts—the religious opinions and prac tices of a sect only, not morally or legally binding on those who disbelieve them. We spoke last week of the inconsistency—to use the mildest word—of a por tion of the Winchester Dissenters, who support, at the elections for this city, the avowed friend and virtual nominee of the Duke of Buckingham, whose indirect persecution of their brethren in the villages of Avington and Easton we have before stated. It is always with the deepest feelings of shame at the baseness of human nature that we witness the support of Tory candidates by Dissenters or Catholics. It is such a combination of folly and ingratitude that it appears almost inconceivable any temporary pecuniary benefit can induce it—nothing can warrant it. When we recollect that for many a long year the Catholic and Dissenter were trampled under the iron hoof of a Tory despotism, and that it is alone owing to the exertions of the Whigs and Liberals, continued through a long course of time, in spite of defeats and opposing obstacles, thatathey were at last raised in the social scale to an equality with their fellow•countrymen. When we reflect that to a Liberal Government they owe the possession of their political and religious rights—every thing which distinguishes the free man from the slave—we cannot but feel disgust at a debasing humilation, which licks the hand that smote it, by supporting the party who do not now rule them with a rod of iron only because it has not the power—the will is apparent on too many occasions. We trust the condnct of the Rev. Dudley Ryder, of the Rev. R. J. Wilberforce. and the con duct of the Duke of Buckingham, implicated by that of those who dispense his bounty to the poor of Aving. ton and Easton, will not be forgotten by the Dissenters of Winchester at the next election. They now know the opinion entertained of them by their Tory perse cutors, and what they have to hope from their liberality if their power was uncontrolled. " Who is not for us is against us," appears to be the motto of the Ryder, Wilberforce, and Buckingham school of Toryism, and we recommend the Dissenters of Winchester to en- grave the same sentence on their banner at the next election. Surely in this case they are j:istified in adopting the maxim " Vas est et ab hoste doccri."— Hampshire Independent. THE LIFE OF PETRARCH, BY THOMAS CAMPBELL, Ese.—An eminent writer has observed, and we entirely agree with him, that in order to attain a just application, not merely of the merits, but also of the personal character of a poet, it is requisite to possess the mind and feelings of a poet. In this respect, " The Life of Petrarcb," from the pen of Campbell, the first of our living poets, will come before the public with peculiar a d„ ntag es. The fruit of mature reflection—for it has oc cupied the author some y ears—this work, it is understood, discusses the history and character of its celebrated subject, poetical, literary, and moral, without partiality or preju dice, and in a tone of liberality that pervades all the works of his no less celebrated biographer. Sir Walter James, M.P., was married on Satur day, at the church of St. Margaret's, Westminster. A very numerous and gay party attended the ceremonial. They filled about twenty carriages, and with the servants and white favours made quite a " stir" in the quiet vicinity of Westminster Hall. A CAUSE WITHOUT EFFECTS, _cc What would be the effects of a general break up of the banks ?" asked a friend of ours of a shrewd New Yorkite the other day. " Why, no effects," was the ready answer.—Ame man Paper, t*, Til I-41 SUN, LONDON, MO'NDA_Y, APRIL 19. 1841 MEMOIR OF THE DUKE OF NOE- MANDIE. INVENTOR OF THE NEW PROJECTILE. The Projectile, of which we gave a short netce last week, is to be subjected to a further examination, under the inspection of officers appointed for the purpose by the Board of Ordnance, on a much larger scale than the experiments by which it has been already tested. When these further trials of this invention take place, we shall not fail to present to our readers a full and authentic account of them ; in the mean time we pro ceed to redeem the promise we lately gave, to present them with a memoir of the Inventor. The person who has brought forward this new implement of war is known as the Duke of Normandie, and claims to be the Dauphin of France, supposed to be murdered in the Temple, where it is well known the Dauphin was con fined. He gives the following description of his escape from this prison : " S wne friends had formed the project of rescuing me fro .n my persecutors ; the impossibility of its execu tion nls soon perceived. A strict surveillance had boon enjoined, because the design of carrying me off had b en discovered ; but my friends had sworn to risk their leies to rescue me from the hands of the murder ers, ss ho had determined on my death. Consequently, as it was impossible to get me out of the tower, they resolved to conceal me in it, to make my persecutors belies e that I had escaped. The Herr was a bold one ; nevertheless, it was the only means of facilitating the escape which they had planned. Nothing was more practicable to make me disappear for the moment. No one escorted those who carried down to the first floor the things of which I had made use. My friends were, therefore, convinced that they would be able to take me up higher, without any risk of being discovered. In fact, though my sister was confined in the third story, she had at that time neither senti nel nor municipal officer for her guard. This expedient afforded almost certain prospects of suc cess. Accordingly, one day my protectors gave me a dose of opium, which I took for medicine, and I was soon half asleep. In this state I saw a child, which they substituted for me, in my bed, and I was laid in the basket in which this child had been concealed under my bed. I perceived, as if in a dream, that the child was only a wooden figure, the face of which was made to re semble mine. This substitution was effected at the mo ment when the guard was changed ; the one who suc ceeded was contented with just looking at the child to certify my presence, and it was enough for him to have seen a sleeping figure whose face was like mine : my habitual silence contributed farther to strengthen the error of my new Argus. In the meantime I had lost all consciousness and when my senses returned, I found myself shut up in a large room, which was quite strange to me ; it was the fourth story of the tower. Before concealing me there, one of my friends, whom I shall name in the course of this history, had informed me in what manner I should be saved, on condition that I should bear all imaginable sufferings without com plaining ; adding, that a single imprudent step would bring destruction on me and my benefactors ; and he insisted, above all, that when I was concealed, I should ask for nothing. and should continue to act the part of a really deaf and dumb child. I ate, I slept, and waited for my friends with patience. I saw my first de liverer from time to time at night, when he brought me what was necessary for me. The figure was discovered the same night ; but the Government thought fit to con ceal my escape, which they believed to have been com pleted. My friends, the better to deceive the sangui nary tyrants, had sent off a child under my name, in the direction, I believe, of Strasburg, and even gave information to Government that it was I who had been sent there. The Government, in order entirely to con ceal the truth, put in the place of the figure a child of my age, who was really deaf and dumb, and redoubled the ordinary guard, to create a belief that I was still there. This increase of precau tion prevented my friends from completing the exe cution of their plan in the manner they had intended. 1 remained, therefore, in this vile hole, as if buried alive. At this time I was nine years and a half old. Frequently I bad to wait several days the arrival of the beneficent beings who provided me with food. The Go vernment, notwithstanding the artifice used by them of substituting the deaf and dumb child in the place of the wooden figure, gave orders not to admit any of those who knew the Dauphin, to prevent all possibility of the secret being betrayed. I know not how it hap pened, that in spite of these precautions it was whis pered about that the real Dauphin was no longer in the tower. Tne agitators were alarmed, and it, was decided that the deaf and dumb child should die. De leterious ingredients were mixed with his food, which made him ill ; and in order to avert the suspicion of poison, M. Dessault was called in, not to cure him, but to counterfeit humanity. M. Dessault ordered an antidote to be prepared by his friend the apothecary Choppart, telling him, at the same time, that this child wes not the son of Louis XVI. M. Dcssault's disclosure was repeated ; the murderers of my family, seeing that the life of the dumb boy was prolonged in spite of their attempts to poison him, substituted for him a ricketty child from one of the hospitals at Paris ; and, in order to secure themselves against any further betrayal of the secret, they poisoned Dessault and Choppart. He died, I am told, on June 8, 1793, and after the post mortent examination, the body was deposited in a coffin, preparatory to interment. This coffin was placed in the room for merly inhabited by my father. While this was doing a strong dose of opium had been given to me. I was placed in the coffin, when the dead child was with drawn, and all was completed just at the moment when the coffin was sent for to be conveyed to the grave. No sooner was the dead child concealed in the fourth story, the place where I had been, than my friends, informed of what was passing, placed the coffin, with me in it, in a carriage. On the way to the burial-ground, I was put into a box, at the bottom of the carriage, and the coffin was filled with rubbish, to give it sufficient weight, and as soon as it was deposited in the grave, my friends re-entered Paris with me. There I was entrusted to the hands of other friends. When I awoke, I found myself in a bed, in a very neat apart ment, alone with my nurse. Most fortunately this business was executed with despatch, for scarcely was I in a place of safety, when the whole secret was dis covered. Already it began to be publicly rumoured that it was not I who had been buried. These reports alarmed the Government, which gave orders to its agents to disinter the coffin, to nail it down close, and to bury it elsewhere, that in case of search it might not be found. My friends in the meantime disguised and sent me in a carriage to Paris, and with a view of put ting my enemies on a wrong scent, they sent off a child, a native of Versailles, with his parents, intending him to pass for me." He was afterwards discovered and taken back to prison, from whence he a second time escaped through the means of Madame Beauharnois, by whom he was consigned to the care of a person named Montmorin, who conducted him to Venice ; and afterwards was se cretly under the protection of the Pope, Pius VI. From Italy, when the revolutionary army penetrated into that country, he attempted an escape to England, but was detected and taken back to France and put in prison. He remained in prison until the year 1803, when Montmorin, who had followed his steps, con trived and effected his escape. He attributes the suc cess of this attempt to the assistance of Josephine, who favoured the attempt and secured the connivance of Fouche, Minister of Police. He arrived next, undis covered, at Strasburgla where he was identified and placed in confinement in the fortress of that town. He was nineteen years of age when this event took place. Here he despaired of ever regaining his liberty, when he was most unexpectedly and courageously delivered from his dungeon by some unknown and adventurous adherents. The Prince thus describes his condition after this escape : " The instant I breathed the fresh air, I fainted away. We arrived the same night at a new place of refuge, where I was concealed in an isolated apartment, and received from my friends the tenderest attention. Here again I felt alarmingly ill, and scarcely was I con velesceet when my asylum was discovered by my perse cutors, I immediately fled, accompanied only by the faehful Montmorin. Harrassed and worn out by so mar y sufferings, we arrived at Frankfort on the Maine, i❑ Germany, where we rested for some days, and ex changed our clothes at a Jew's. We were then in the pring of 1809. While in this town I learned from my friend Montmorin that I had been confined about four years in the dungeon which I have described. I was four•and-twenty years old. In reckoning the whole period of my c onfinement, from my imprisonment with my family in the tower of the Temple, I had to this time endured seventeen years of more or less rigorous captivity ; for even when in the care of my friends I was little more than a captive. Montmorin informed me that I owed my enlargement to Madame Josephine, adding at the same time, that her conduct was the result of mere selfish policy,' who finding at length that it was the intention of Bonaparte to separate from her after my death, and to marry again, revealed to my friends the place of my confinement. " As soon as we received tidings from my friends in France, accompanied by a letter of credit, we hastily quitted Frankfort and travelled post on the road to Bo hemia. From thence we progressed through Germany, Dresden, and at length, by making a great circuit,renehed a village in Prussia. We had just fallen into a deep sleep at an inn where we lodged on the evening of our arrival, when we were awakened, and arrested as spies, as we were told, and conducted before the commandant of a small body of troops recently quartered in the neighbour hood ; my friend Montmorin delivered to him a letter of the Duke of Brunswick, which I had obtained on our route ; he appeared satisfied, and kept us with him ; but finding at length that his little army was beints cut to pieces by repeated attacks on the part of the Westpha lians, and not having the means of protecting us, he sent us away under an escort of cavalry. We fell into the hands of the enemy, and were obliged to defend our seise s, for our opponents cried' No quarter r My faith ful Montmorin fell by my side. I was wounded :nysell ; when I was fired on,my horse fell dead, my left foot, still in the stirrup, was under him, in spite of all my efforts, I was not abl e to extricate myself. A foot soldier drew ❑ear and gave me a he ivy blow on the head with the butt end of his musket. I felt as if struck by a thun der bolt, and was so giddy, that ever} thing seemed to be whirling round me. I know not how long I remained in this state ; when I recovered my senses I found myself in ao hospital. W hen wady recovered, I found myself in the forest of Wesel, on the frontier of France. I, with other prisoners there confined, was illegally condemned, by the order of Napoleon, to the galleys at Toulon, with out knowing why. We were transferred to the interior of France, from one prison to another, like common male factors. I had not a penny wherewith to supply my wants. We were treated with much harshness on our way by the French who escorted us. I became ill, and was left by the escort in a village where I had falen senseless. At length I was conveyed by a cart to the neighbouring town. There I met with a convalescent soldier of the name of Friedrichs, who recognised me, and we mutually concerted a scheme to escape, which we succeeded in doing, though not without encountering t h e most painful sufferings and privations. It is not my intention to relate here the long series of sufferings which I was destined to endure. Passing, then, rapidly over such circumstances as would only serve ac fond for cu riosity, I shall at once transport myself into Germany, in which country we arrived after a thousand vicissitudes. There I had the grierous misfortune to lose my friend Friedrichs, who, having gone out for foraging for us as usual, was apprehended by the chevalier's de la eerie. I continued my pilgrimage alone, and soon arrived in Saxony. As Friedrichs had persuaded me to enter the Prussian service, I directed my steps towards the town of Berlin, travelling by night, and sleeping in the daytime under the canopy of heaven. I asked the way of all those whom I met ; but whether they did not understand my questions, or whether they imagined that I asked in joke, they directed tne at random, so that I ended by going directly opposite to my destina tion. In the course of this wandering I found myself one day in a large forest, to which I could see no end. I was tormented by thirst, and sought some fruit to refresh me, but in seeking for it lost my way. In the midst of this embarrassment, I heard a postilion's horn, and immediately afterwards I perceived a post chaise at some distance from me. Having regained the high road, I seated myself, while waiting for the carriage, on a stone which bore the inscription, Doctor Martin Luther.' It drew near, and a young man who was in the chaise cried, Stop, beau frere,' an expression of the country, and immediately ques tioned me, either from motives of curiosity, or through the interest with which my pitiable condition inspired him. Touched, no doubt, by my answers, he offered me a place beside him, saying he would take me as far as Wittenberg. I accepted the offer without hesita tion, and got into the carriage. On the rood he in quired what was in my wallet, and on being told that it belonged to my comrade, he cut it open with his pen knife, when he found six hundred francs of gold, wrap ped up in several pieces of rags. On reaching Witten berg we alighted at the Grappc d'Or, where our first care was to change my clothes. He shaved me him self, and dressed my hair, and soon I was no longer to be recognised. The next day he borrowed a carriage, in which I was conveyed to Treinpretzen, the first town on the frontier of Prussia. There he again took me in a post-chaise as far as Potsdam, whence he had me conveyed in another private carriage to Berlin. " After some repose, I addressed myself to the com mandant of the regiment of which Friedrichs had spoken to me, and was informed that his Majesty did not admit foreigners. Mortified at this refusal, and particular circumstances having prevented my approaching the King, to apply to him, as I had been advised to do, I was obliged to adopt another resolution, as my stock of money was fast diminishing, This was towards the end of the year 1810. Accordingly, to earn my bread, I set up as a watchmaker, Schutz en Strasse, No. 52, in an apartment which I hired. It was not long, however, before the magistrates began to raise diffi culties on account of my not having authority to fol low my trade, and I was accordingly required to de posit in that functionary's office my passports, register of birth, _certificate of good conduct, &c.—documents which, it is hardly necessary to say, I did not possess. In this dilemma I confided my secret to Madame Sonnen- feld, the widow of a watchmaker, who suggested the idea of my applying to M. Lecoque, president of the general police of the kingdom of Prussia. I adopted this plan, and informed him in writing of my birth. M. Le coque came to see me, and was satisfied of my identity as he recognised my mother's writing, us well as the seal and signature of my father. He then left me to take the orders of the King respecting me. The fol lowing day he begged me to entrust my papers to him, that he might submit them to his Majesty. I refused at first, and insisted upon being myself presented to the King. This, however, could not be granted, until Prince Harttenberg, the President of the Ministry, had read my papers. After taking the precaution to cut my father's seal zig-zag, I delivered to M. Lecoque all the letters that I had preserved, but he took only that written by my mother, and left me, promising that I should re ceive no further annoyance from the Magistrates of Berlin. Notwithstanding this, however, I was again sum moned, and after some delay, I was informed by M. Le coque that it was dangerous for me to stop any longer there, and having given me a rouleau of gold, he ad vised me to establish myself under an assumed name. To facilit ite this plain he sent me a patent under the name of Charles William Naundoriff. I remained in peace from this time until the year 1812, at which pe riod I changed my residence for Spandau. M. Lecoque intimated to me that the King of Prussia was not at liberty to act as he could wish, and that it was necessary I should assume a feigned name to shel ter myself from the power of Napoleon. My pass ports, with which I had been furnished by M. Le coque, having been examined by the burgomaster, I obtained the freedom of the town, and the act was for mally verified before the council of the city. This took place in 1812, a few months Wore the retreat of the French army." Our space will not allow us to pursue the adventures of the Duke farther this week ; we shall, however supply the sequel of his history in our next publication, content for the present with giving a sketch of his do mestic circle and family. The Duke of Normandy is at present living in the environs of the metropolis, in a very retired and unostentatious style : and although his pecuniary resources are very limited, being entirely de pendent on his friends, he continues to deserve the good opinion and regard of the wretched by acts of be nevolence. He has a large interesting family of sons and daughters. His eldest son, who is nearly twenty years of age, is said very much to resemble the late Duke of Berry. The second, a youth of ten years, pre sents a most striking and not to be mistaken likeness to the late Louis XVI. He has two daughters, the eldest of whom is highly accomplished, and exhibits traits of character which would mark her out from the many in any sphere in which she might be placed. She is well versed in the European languages, and converses with great intelligence, delicacy, and sentiment. A writer of romance would at once pronounce these at tractions unerring evidence of her high estate and gentle blood. The Duchess is of a German family, and in manners and deportment would be easily taken for an English lady who had moved in good society. The Prince himself is a tall, portly, personage ; and if his claim to the title which he assumes was undisputed, no one would hesitate to pronounce him to be of a noble presence. He appears to be an amiable man, and dis plays much bonhommie in his demeanour. He is looked upon by his friends as an extraordinary man, destined to effect great results ; he undoubtedly ex hibits much energy and activity of character, with a strong dash of enthusiasm, which the incidents of his previous life have either fostered or been unable to subdue.—British Queen. TOPOGRAPHY and ANTIQUITIES. The rapid progress of improvement is fast sweeping away the ancient remains, and altering the national scenery of every part of the country, so that the Eng land of fifty years hence will be perfectly different from the England of to-day, even in its outward features. It is; however, desirable that some measures should be adopted for securing an accurate description of our an cient monuments, while yet we have them to describe. The gentlemen of Wiltshire have, in this respect, set an example which we hope the gentlemen of other counties will not hesitate to follow. They have asso ciated themselves into a Society und e r the title of " The Wiltshire Topographical Society," for the purpose of collecting m aterials for and publi s hing o c casionally his torical and descriptive accounts of all matters relating to the archaeology, topography, statistics, and parochial and county history of Wilts. This is as it should be. The county of Stonehenge ought to set an example in this respect to the other counties of England. The r q ieut.ies" is one of the honorary secre ta fact that Mr. Johnlyitton, the celebrated author of Cathedral the Is a sufficient guarantee that what. ever may be done will be do ne exceedingly well. s of tonciteii STRANGE CASE.—lnformations were returned to the Quarter Sessions in Longford against a Magistrate of that and the neighbouring county for felony—namely, for robbing a gentleman in whose room he slept at an inn, of four sovereigns. He denied the theft in the first instance, but on being searched the money was found on his person. He then acknowledged having taken it, but said it was merely a joke. The gentleman whO was robbed not havint* been even an acquaintance of the Magistrate in question, did not understand the joke, and proceedings were immediately taken. Bail, however, was accepted, and the gentleman was allowed to go at large. In the fullness of timo the case was called for trial, before Mr. Tighe, the Assistant Barrister, but the Justice of Quorum was not forthcoming. His recognizance 3 were accordingly estreated, and a bench warrant will soon be issued for his apprehension. He is a man of some 1,5001. or 1,6001. a year, we understand, related to a nobleman of high rank in the vicinity, and hitherto particularly remarkable for high-flying Conservatism.—Dublin Evening Post. On Easter Monday, Tuesday, a nd Wednesday, • 2,786 persons viewed th e Armouries in t he Tower, viz., on Monday, 1,045 Tuesday, 1,060 ; and Wednesday , 681 . The number Of persons who visited the Jewel-office on Monday was 570, and on the two following days 800 more, The number of visitors was much larger than on any former occasion. LORD CARDIGAN'S FLOGGING ON SUNDAY. How the character of the man is marked in this pro ceeding. The apdroval of the sentence arrived on Sunday morning, and so eager was the Noble Colonel for the execution of it that he could not wait even till Monday, but the S ibbath must be desecrated by a punishment after prayers! What 2 sequence to the voice of prayer the sound of the lash !--the scourge after devout supplication,—the groans of the sufferer after the lessons of mercy. The Bishop of London has counted the boats that have passed under Fulham-bridge on a Sunday. Did they profane the holy day more than a hundred lashes ; and what will the Right Rev. Prelate, who has borne such loud testimony against the sins of green-grocers and pastry-cooks, say of the desecration of the Sab bath by the Noble Colonel of the Eleventh? Is keep• ing open a stall a less scandal than flaying a human back? Is plying the butcher's trade less allowable than plying the cat-o'-nine-tails ? Lord Cardigan's defence will probably be that the rich man is a; much entitled to his pleasures on the Sunday as the poor man, and that he sees no more rea son why he should forego one ministration to his enjoy ment than another, and that the work of the hands that wield the cat-o'-nine-tails must be as much at his command as that of his French cook. One appetite, however, can wait, though the other cannot ; and, for the sake of public decency at least, Lord Cardigan must learn to postpone his gratifications in the way of punish ments for forty-eight hours, when the approval of the sentence happens to arrive on Sunday morning. We have hitherto opposed every Bill for the better observance of the Sabbath ; but as we are far more hostile to the introduction of bitterness in the violation of the Sabbath, than to the introduction of bitterness in the observance of it, wo will promise to give our best aid in support of a Bill to prohibit flogging in the army on the Sabbath-day. It may be remembered that we lately showed that the severities of Lord Cardigan had first been exercised on the privates of his regiment, and that, when checked in that direction by Sir C. d'Albiac, they were trans ferred to the officers. From the present sign we infer that the officers have a respite ; it would be too im prudent to open fresh quarrels with them just now, so the men are to have their turn again, and to mark the eagerness for the punishment, by suffering or seeing the infliction of it on the Sabbath.—Examiner. It is with extreme regret that we find ourselves un able to contradict the statement in the Chronicle of a soldier in the 11 th or Prince Albert's Own Hussars having been flogged on Sunday last at Hounslow Bar racks, under the orders of Lord Cardigan. We feel it due, however, to state, that the announcement in the Chronicle, for the honour of British officers, met with no credence at the Senior United Service Club. The officers believed that the Chronicle must have been imposed upon. Unfortunately it was not so, for the punishment was, in fact, inflicted on the Sab bath. We own that at first we shared in the general disbelief, but inquiries made in the proper quar ter compel us to say that this horrible outrage has been committed. We know, however, that the subject has already engaged official consideration, and we await with confidence the result. Abstaining from any re marks upon this shock to religion and humanity, can we avoid noticing the disgusting insult which Lord Car digan is said to have offered to a detachment of the 14th Dragoons? They were ordered to witness the punishment. How for different is the conduct in France —a military country ! There, when in garrison punish ment is to be inflicted, detachments from each regiment are ordered to attend, and these detachments comprise only those me❑ whose bad conduct renders it expe dient that they should witness it as a lesson to them selves. The well-conducted men are always exempted from attending ; and this exemption is deemed a great mark of honour.—Observer. CANADIAN EMIGRANTS. We have been favoured with two letters from Canada, descriptive of the present condition of the people who emigrated from the Island of Lewis, in this county. One gentleman writes—" The poor people who came from Uig, in Lewis, settled on a fruitful hill, or swell of land, near a river, about thirty miles from Sher brooke. I went to visit them last weak. They had just fourpence among them when they came here, and of coarse they had to struggle through hardship the first winter. Now they have cows and oxen ; pigs and fowls ; more potatoes and grain than they can use ; their own sugar; and they have discovered an herb on the river side that makes a most excellent substitute for tea. The table was spread for me, and all on it was their own conquest, except the salt and tea. I told them that next visit they must allow me to enjoy their native tea, so as to be indebted to trade for salt alone. The young people are branching off on new clearings ; and if there were as many more, as to af ford a Gaelic minister and schoolmaster, they would really be a very happy community." The second let ter, which is dated from the " Scotch Settlement, Bury," gives an equally favourable account of the poor islanders --" The Lewis people that emigrated to this country are stil in being, from the child to the grey headed. They are coming on well. You can hardly believe their success as to crops. Some of them raise upwards of 600 bushels of potatoes and 200 Scotch pecks of grain. The whole of them have their own cows and oxen. Same of them will have upwards of twenty acres ready for crops next spring. We heard severe aceaunts of the coldness of this country, but I was working without my coat throughout the winter, and the climate is exceedingly healthy." On the general subject of emigration to the New World, one of our Canadian Correspondents makes some observations of a moral, or rather religious na ture, which we are tempted to transcribe : " Families earning a tolerable subsistence at home do well to keep there in the land of schools, bibles, and churches. In a new country society is dislocated, and it takes a long time to build up the public mind, the feelings, principles, and habits, to anything like the staid consistency, order, propriety, and comfort of au old country. Around you, a thousand people in a parish are professedly of the same sentiments, and subordinate, in their outward habits, to the same rules, and the same sense of propriety. In a new country men act out their principles, without the advantage of your public standard of decency and respectability to smooth and control them. Teetotallers and drunk ards ; Sabbath keepers and Sabbath-breakers, even Sabbath-workers ; Trinitarians and Socinians ; Chris tians and Universalists ; ranting, ignorant fana tics, and scoffing infidels, arc mixed up in one mass ; they trust each to his own understanding and are un teachable ; and their mixed location, side by side, with their divers opinions, snake it difficult to maintain ade quate religious institutions in any one district ; or to in duce such a conformity of general opinions and outward habits, as a Christian parent who can provide for his family at home could desire. The habits and principles of individuals should be formed for life ere they seek such neighbourhood. At the same time, if the sources of subsistence and the profitable subjects of industry fail at home, it is fortunate that we have the alternative of emigrating, under the protection of Britain, to all the climates of the world. In emigrating, however, there are certain privations and sufferings of heart and habit, which none but emigrants can know, and which are apt to embitter the outward enjoyment and inward independence of their new condition, with all but the most abject. The characters to emi grate should be such as went to David in the cave of Adullam, every one that is in distress, and every one that is in debt, and every one that is discontented.' If they persevere in frugal industry poor labourers cannot fail, in a few years, to find themselves respectable master mechanics, or independent yeor►sen farmers, with land, oxen, and crops. I had originally a great prefe rence for Upper Canada, and used in Scotland to re commend all emigrants to proceed South-West till they attained a good climate. I have now, however, gone to the west end of Upper Canada ; the most southerly part of it is but 43 degrees, and I live in 45}—no great difference, besides that the superior healthiness, nearness, and cheapness of the district render it, in my opinion, decidedly preferable. I only retain sufficient and to keep my carriage -horses, and family cows ; but f I farmed, I think I should cheerfully depend on rear ng cattle, sheep, and pigs."—lnvenzess Courier. ALARMING ACCIDENT TO BARON PARKE. We learn with regret that on Saturday morning, about ten, as Baron Parke was proceeding on horseback to Westminster Hall, his horse took fright in Hyde-park, near Grosvenor-gate, and the Learned Judge fell with great violence on his head. According to the account we have re ceived his skull was fractured, and he was other wise severely injured. A policeman of the A division lifted him up, and had him conveyed i n a cab to his residence in Park-street, where he lies in a dangerous state. Since writing the above,. we have made in quiries at Baron Parke's residence, a n d are g l a d to find that the account of the accident i s great l y exaggera ted. The left side of his head was bruised, his left arm was also much i*rod, and the fall was so Violent that he lay for some minutes insensible. No bones, however, were broken, and his medical attendants consider him out of danger. UNIVERSITY OF LONDON, SOMERSET HOUSE.—The following gentlemen have been appointed Examiners for medical degrees for the ensuing year, commencing J u ly 1 : —l n A na t om y and Physic/loay, Mr. F, Kiernan and Professor kiharpty ; in Chemistry, Pro fessor Daniell ; in Botany, Rev. Professor Henslow ; in Materia Medica and Pharmacy, Dr. Pereira ; in Medi cine, Dr. Billing and Dr. Tweedie ; in Surgery, Mr. Bacot and Sir Stephen Hanamick ; in Physiology and Comparative Anatomy, Dr. Roget in Pro fessor Ferguson; in Forensic Medicine , Pr o f essor D an i e ll, Dr. Ferguson, and Dr. Poreira,Htledic a l Gazette. Wednesday Mr. Nathaniel Alexander was elected, without opposition, for the county of Antrim. He was put in nomination by Mr. Macartney, of Lissarinure Castle, and Major Rowan. GRAND FETE OF THE DUKE OF ORLEANS AT ST. OMERS. On Wednesday last this br;iiiant fete took place in the ancient and foitificd town of St. Orners. His Royal Highness having issued his tickets to the chief military and civil officers of the province, and his invi tations having extended to the inhabitants of the port of Dover, throuvh the French Consul, several of the offi cers in garrison there, as well as our resident gentry, were present. The ball took place at the lintel de Ville, which was most brilliantly illuminatni for the oc casion. At eight o'clock, the time fixed for the ball to commence, the hall was lined with military, and the servants of the Duke in state livery. Each lady on en tering was presented with a splendid bouquet. The Duke of Orleans and the Prince de Joinville were pre sent ; and, by their urbanity of manner and polite attention, won the esteem and admiration of all. The Princes joined in several of the quad rilles, and his Royal Highness the Duke of Orleans took a prominent part in the festivities of the even in;, encouraging the dancing, mingling with the crowd, and conversing familiarly with his numerous guests. At the entrance to the supper-room his Royal Highness received the ladies, who partook of refresh ments previously to the gentlemen. The tables were covered with every' delicacy—salmon from London, soups, poultry, fruit, champagne in abundance, &c. During the supper, the Duke of Orleans and the Prince de Joinville remained with the ladies, paying the most polite attention to them. As it by magic, the tables were changed, the ladies returned to the ball room ; and the officers of the 54th Regiment (each escorted by a French officer), and the rest of the gentlemen en suite, partook of the sumptuous repast, the officers vying with each other in paying attention to their English guests. Dancing was then resumed, and continued with great spirit until three o'clock. The company could not have been less than 2,000 persons, including 400 officers. Those of the Chasseurs d'Afrique were the most numerous. The various cos tomes presented a scene that has seldom or ever been surpassed. The French Consul, Mr. Morris, Samuel Metcalf Latham, Esq., in his costume as Belgian Consul, our worshipful the Mayor of Dover, and Mr. William H. Payn, solicitor and Town-councilor, were graciously received by his Royal Highness the Duke of Orleans at the entrance to the bail-room ; and the Consul re turned thanks to his Royal Highness in the names of the inhabitants of Dover, more particularly of those present, for his very kind and flattering incitation ; to which the Prince replied by expressing the pleasure he felt at receiving their visit. The hotels were crowded, but private apartments were procured after some inquiry. We cannot allow this opportunity to pass without remarking upon the kind feelings which prompted the French Prince to invite the attendance of a company of English to partake in the amusements and sociality of French society. When we reflect on the late ebullition of irritated feeling against this nation, and contrast it with the politeness, respect, and cordiality which the French officers evinced in welcoming their English rivals in arms, the reflection is truly gratifying. It ap peared as if they not only considered them entitled to respect, as fellow-soldiers, but honoured them as the representatives (as in fact they were) of a nation en titled to be received with all the consideration of equals i❑ arts, as well as military glory. The Duke of Orleans, previous to the review, an nounced to the officers of the camp, that he hoped to see some British officers present at it ; and that he was quite sure it could only be necessary to name this circumstance to them to insure the foreign officers a cordial reception, and the utmost attention and civility being shown them. The intimation was well received ; and although, unfortunately, the opportunity was not afforded them of acting according to his Royal High ness's wishes, no occasion was lost by them, during the stay of the British officers at St. Omers, of showing them every attention within their power ; as frequent dinner and breakfast invitations were sent them. The Duke of Orleans was dressed in a military uniform blue coat and red trowsers, with a star aid red:ribbaad. He is a tall, handsome, and elegantly formed person ; his manners and address appear to win all hearts, and it is quite evident that the French are proud of their Prince—and with good reason. His cheerfulness and politeness exhibited itself in a variety of ways ; such as in his affability to his aides-de•camp and officers, and his cordiality to every one•—greeting them with almost fraternal feeling—seeking out his ac quaintances—a conversation with one,—a kind word to all. During the gallopades his good humour evinced itself by signalling to the musicians to keep quicker time, Plus vile, plus rile ; and, suiting the action to the word, the poor musicians and their leader could scarcely keep pace with the animation of the Heir Presumptive to the throne. The dancers i❑ endea vouring to keep time were well nigh dropping, and one English officer fell in the chase, drag ging his lady, but was soon rescued by French help. To Miss Court, daughter of our worthy Alder man, his Royal Highness came up, and good-humour edly inquired for whom she was looking ; and on her replying for her sister, " Oh," said he, " go and fetch her," and immediately went in search. A nether time he despatched an aide-de-camp, who was keeping guard at the sortee of the supper-room, upon a mes sage, and remarked, "Oh ! I'll keep this post and ac cordingly acted the sentinel, until ainther volunteer aide-de-camp offered to take the place, when the Prince good-humouredly remarked, " Oh, will you ? then I'll quit." The Prince de Joinville wore a beard and mous tache, and was dressed in a naval unilorn. He joined equally with his brother in encouraging the dancers, and danced repeatedly in the quadrilles with perfect :ree dom and politeness of manner. The preparations and fittings-up for the Fete, toge ther with the ornaments, cost 20,000 francs ; and the proceeds of their sale, after it was over, and with 2,000 francs besides, were liberally given by the Duke to the poor of St. Omers.—Dover Chronicle. SPECIAL RAILWAY COMMITTEE MEETING. A meeting of the Committee of the Devon and Corn wall Railway was held on Wednesday last, the 14. h instant, at Truro; present Sir R. H. Vivian, Batt., M. P., in the Chair, Sir C. Lemon, Bart., M.P. ; Messrs. E. W. W. Pendarves, M.P., J. E. Vivian, M. P., Michael Williams, Treffry, Enys, Paynter, W. M. Tweedy, Reynolds, R. R. Broad, El and Bond (Secretary), with Captain Moorsom, the engineer, and Mr. Smith, solicitor. The especial object of the meeting was to receive the Re port of Captain Moorsom, the engineer employed to sur ver the contemplated line of railway through Devon and Cornwall. After the ordinary preliminaries, Captain Moorsom was requested to read the document in question. The Report, which is of considerable length, and goes greatly into detail, sets out by stating the several argu ments in favour of and against different lines for a rail. way between Exeter, Plymouth, and Falmouth. Cap'. Moorsom thinks that the neighbourhood of Lidford is probably the most westerly point to which a Devon and Cornwall trunk line could be carried with advantage. The route which Capt. Moorsom lays down as the most preferable, starts from Falmouth, goes near Chncewater to Truro, along the vale of Ladock to St. Austell, by Lanivet, a little to the north of Bodmin, by Blisland, within three miles of Camelford, to Alternun and Leunces ton ; from thence along the valley of the Lyd to Lidford, and parallel with the Tavistock and Okehamptoe 'road to Okehampton, and, crossing that road at Zeal, takes the course of the Hollaeomb and Spreyton waters into the vale of the Creedy, and, passing within a mile of Credi ton, joins the Bristol and Exeter Railway two miles on the London side of Exeter. The Cornish line may be said to commence at Lidford, at which point a southerly Vine di verges to Tavistock and Plymouth. The total length of the passenger line from Falmouth to Exeter, as described by him to be the most favourable, is somewhat more than 10,:si relies. Capt. Moorsom does not advert to the features of any extension line towards Penzance, because he did not understand that point to come within his present instructions, but he had, notwith standing, examined the Country, and it is probable that at some future time, when the main project is more ad vanced, an advantageous connection with the existing Redruth and Hayle line might be effected, as it is evident that a very considerable local traffic exists throughout the district over which a line would run. Capt. Moorsom next proceeds to consider the manner in which the line may be most advantageously graded, formed, and worked. He urges the importance of keeping the cost of construc tioneso as low as possible, which may b e b est d one by not endeavouringtocef. Theciuorm the railway ti o theoretically l perfect result in s the flrstins involved, not in the absolute returns of traffic, but in a comparison of the gross outlay with those returns. As applied to nevon and Cornwall, if a railway were com pleted and set to work between Falmouth and Exeter, upon a total outlay of 1,000,0001 , the returns, under or dinary management, would produce a net revenue as high as any of the first-class railways (except, perhaps, the Grand Junction) now ae work ; but if the outlay were made to double that sum, it seems equally improbable that the fair interest of money would for many years accrue to the proprietors. It is clear, therefore, that to be a success ful line to the proprietors, the Devon and Cornwall Rai:- way must be a cheap line. The Report then goes into the question of the speed required upon the railway, and shows that the loss of time in the present roads through Cornwall, has not hitherto been deemed such as to call for any new roads on that ac count, and arguing upon this fact assumes then that a speed of nearly double the rate of the present stage coach travelling would be sufficient, and recommends that the mail and any other fast train should not exceed eo miles Per hour, and that the mixed trains should not exceed from IC to 17 miles including stoppages in both cases. Thus the total time consumed in the journey between Falmouth and Exeter, would be less than 5i hours by the fast trains, and se sea hours by the slower trains, and the mean tinsel of fast-running trains would he 9.3 miles per hour; while, for any extraordinary Government despatches, the journey might be made in four hours or si less. For these counties, ticeaeL of their united traffic, Capt. Nloorsom thinla both high grades and single lie, furnished with proper signals, and managed with proper skill and foresight, ma y with perfect safety be adopted, without involving any serious impediment to their working properties. He adopts a quarter of a mile as the minimum radius of curvature along the general line, with a maximum grade of one in sixty, H e shows, from pre bens e xperience of daily work performed on the London and Birmingham, the Manchester and Leeds, and the Bir mingham and Gloucester Railways, that trains such as the traffic of these counties requires, and travelling at the ftNiNG E 1 ITION. . , Iv. above-Ettedsreeds upon these gradientf:Nke_fikilp within the capability of the locomotive powe of 1,44,,p0e e li tt e -7", -:- end that the inccease of expenditure - ft / c,oraeqn6 111 - rit.,t exceed 2,400/. per annum beyo itrlat" it_ wotkldibe if t the radii ay were made as theoretic ,ly'ri'errect as those of ''? t . i the first class. Thus the annual ex' snditnre for the cal- . 7 .- culatA traffic will be about 91,000/. iTen'.total amount whici will be expended in order to op thiel:rallway to the -' \ 43 public i s 1,331 , 8 3 9/ Thi s sum ineludekifir, conOsting of fences and drains, earthwork, masonriel( to ahel>;, and perinamot a ar, with contingencies and manage ment on the same ; and also, stations, land, and compeasation, working- stock, and Parliamentary and other preliminary expenses. Out of the above sum the works would amount to 1,135,162/. The portion from Lidford to Tavistock to 51,3801. in ad dition, lie supposes that a single line of railway will, in the first init ince, be constructed for the entire distance, but that land is taken and bridges constructed with refe rence to a douli:e line being eventually made, and that, in the meantime, passing places are made at each sta:im, and also sidings not exceeding int,' yids of live miles hie w eel' the stations. lie 1. elieves that any le- retical Cornislirnal who exaoiles hio estirtoit.s will concur in opinion that he I.at put the rates too Ugh. In p, lit of time the railway might he executed in two years, but I has put double that time owing to monetary considerations. In conclusion, Claptan M orsom says--I may refer YOU to tl.e sections to show you that there is no work in the whole li e which is not within the compass of ordinary design, and of ordinary execution, while the matelial throu , hout is incomparably the best that I have seen and examined anywhere. And under the fact thus shown that you can have the advantages of railway communication attended with prospects of fair reinunernion to those who embark in it,—under the presumption that your manage ment wili he characterised by foresight and prudence, I can only remind you to show your own confidence in the under taking before you call upon strangers, by subscribing a large proportion of the requisite capital, to which I shall (under such proviso) contribute my mite, in the firm belief that in so doing I make a fair and substantial investment. The Comn ittec were unanimous in their opinion as to the able and clear manner in which the Report was drawn up, accompanied as it was by the various plan!, sections, at,d references, exhibiting altogether the applichility cf the present locomotive power to the construction of a railway through this county. The Sub-Committee were then requested to prepare a Report for the next county treetirg, to Le co, vened as early as possible after the present. Purl amentary session. The meetiog then adjourned. We would merely add that the Committee, most of whom have given the subject their unwearie3 attention, and are, tile,eforc, w(11 capable cf forming a correct opinion, we, e very much gratified with Captain Moorsom's statements, and apoeale.-1 deeply im pressed with the conviction that the railway va; both ne. cessary and practicable. We trust that this wll also be the conviction of the counties at larcre when the Reports arc sent forth to the world.— West Briton. NAVAL INTELLIGENCE. (From the Hampshire Tel,graph.) PORTSMOUTH, APRIL 17.—The Polyphemus, ste.ttn vessel will arrive here to-morrow from Woolwich, on her way to the Mediterranean, whither she will proceed on M,nday. The Cockatrice may be soon expected here, on her way to South America. The Goluptehick, (the Russian brig that was so long lying in Portsmouth harbour), has been again cap tured on the coast of Arica, by the Saracen, wider the name of tile Auguste, within three miles of the spot she was taken at before. The Pique, 36, Captain Edmund Boxer, has been surveyed at Chatham, and found fit for seroice. She has had new masts, and is otherwise refitting with every practicable dispatch, and may be expected at Spithead about the sth May. The Emerald has gone to Teignmouth to convey the wives and families of some shipwrights to Chatham, now employed in that yard. The Mercury arrived to-day, with about 20 volun teers for the Indus, late of the Asia's crew. The l3onetta will call at Spithead on her way down Channel. The Fair Rosamond was commissiooe I on Thurslay by Lieut. A. G. Bultnan. The ship Prince Rupert, for New Zealand, is ex pected hourly at Spithead, to embark Mr. Commis sioner Spain and family. The ship Bucephalus, Captain Futcher, arrived on Wednesday ; she left Calcutta, oa the 2d Jaeuary ; Sandheads,sth January ; arrived at the Cape on the 13th February, and left on the 23d. The Seringapatam sailed from Calcutta on the same day as this ship. The Westmoreland is taken up as a convict ship, to embark felons for Van Diemen's Land. She will be in charge of John Gibson, Esq., Surgeon, R.N. Sailed this morning for Hobart Town with male con victs, the Asia, under the charge of Dr. Stewart, In Harbour—Queen, Victory, Excellent, Royal George, Rapid, Fair Rosamond, and Echo steam tug. At Spithead—lndus, Vernon, Pelican, Nautilus, and Gipsy. PROMOTIONS AND APPOINTMENTS. PROMOTIONS.—MateS.--W. Hamilton (of the Mel. ville), and Pitman, (of the Blenheim), to the rank of Lieutenant,—the former appointed to the Melville, and the latter to the Druid. Acting Master—James Jeffery (not William Jef fry), of the Racehorse, to be master of the Pilot, vacant by the death of the former master of that sloop. APPOlNTMENTS.—Captain—Michael Seymour, to th' llritannia, vice Drake. Lieutenants—Cheesman H. Binsted (Ist of tb• Queen) to command the Spitfire stcarnpacket ; Michael de Coureq, to command the Charybdts, vice Tinling, promoted ; Augustus Charles May, to command the Skipjack ; Henry Wright to the Dee. Master—G. B. Hoffmcister, to the Indus. Second piaster—Joshua Whiting (acting), to Fair Rosamond ; James Drysdale, to the Indus ; N. C. Pettigrew, to Spitfire. Clerks—Mr: E. C. Davison, to bo Clerk in Charge of the Sheerwater surveying steamer, fitting at Wool wich for the North Sea ; and E. S. F. Cheesman, Clerk hi Charge to Fair Rosamond ; Wm. Essell, to the Cornwallis. Surgeon—Dr. Nisbet, to the Cornwallis. Assistant-Surgeons —J. Campbel, to the Victory ; C. T. S. Kevern, to Haslar Hospital, vice Blake, to the Cornwallis ; Henry Johnson, to the Caledonia. Mates—H. D. Bianckley, from the Excellent to the Salamander ; A. P. Green, John Cashman, Samuel Fowell, Henry S. Hillyar, Dennys Lane, and Thomas Anson to the Cornwallis ; Charles Fegen, front the Surveying Service, b the Monarch ; C. K. Jackson, to the Queea ; James A. Paynter, to the Veroon, from Excellent. Mitlsbipman—C. C. Maddicott, to the Cornwallis. Coast Guard—Lieutenant Knapman (1812) to be Chief Officer. Royal Marines—Lieut. A. J. B. Hambly snot C. 0- Hamley), to the Cornwallis. The following Midshipmen passed for Lieutenants at the Naval College, on Tuesday :—Mr. J. F. Herbert, of the Excellent ; Gaussen, late Asia ; Alcock, late Helaine ; T. G. Sanders, of the Caledonia ; and. David Aird, of the Beason ; for Naval Instructor, Mr. A. Gerrard. The following candidates for Marine Commissions have been ex'.mined at the Naval College this week, and declared eligible :—Mr. Samuel B. Ellis, J. J. Harvey, and Thomas Forrest. Pixuount, APRIL 16.—The Driver steamer, ar ri;ed from the eastward last Saturday, having on board Mr. Bradshaw, Master of the Ocean, and a party of men, torig. w an h ( n i n h a a v v ig e at s e ince the proceeded Geyser, in newii o l e rto Pembroke, herste t Wool wich ; Mr. Henderson, Assistant Master-Attendant in this Dock-yard has charge of the Driver. Captain Uniacke, Lieutenants A. J. B. Hambly, George Elliott, and a party of Marines, embarked on board the Cornwallis, 72, Capt. Peter Richards. on Saturday. and 40 boys were discharged from tie San Josef into the Cornwallis, the same day.— Our gallant Port Ad miral Sir Graham Moore, struck his flag on Saturday, and has gone on leave ; Rear-Admiral Warren carries on the duty until his return. The Burhampooter arrived on Saturday from the eastward bound to Port Philip. The Adventure transport sailed on Deptford, w ith s t ores ; and the CamelligSuhtenday r, w for ith stores for Pembroke and Holyhea d.—The Sta g , 46 , Captain T. B. Sulivan, was towed into harbour on Mon day, by the Carron steamer , she is dismantled, be ' paid off some time next week. La Belle Alliance transport, Lieut. Denston, agent, arrived on Mond ay , from the eastward , on her wa y to China, with stor e In Hamoaza — Cale donia, San Josef, Corn wallis, Stag, stors. Acorn, and Soudan, Avon, and Carron stearners.—lta the Sound —Impregnable, and Belleisle, La Belle Aut. ante, and Burhampooter. L IG HTHOUSE ON THE LITTLE R oss.—Th s hip-owners Cumberland havcoast, gandbea,2,listo anxiousthos c con nected t b with e Kirkcudbright, b ase 3 lighthouse erected on the Li tt l e Ross, a small island about six miles south-west of Kirkcudbright • but all their applications to the Co mm i ss i oners of the, Northern Lights proved unav a ili ng. The applicants. shi m however, have at length been successful, and great praise is due to Alexander Murray, Esq., 111.1 3 ., and also to the different members of the county and towns in Cumberland, for their unwearied exertions in bringing about what was so much desired by the friends of humanity. A short time .go, the whole of the buildings were contracted for. The time of laying the foundation stone is looked forward t 3 with lively interest ; and the completion of the works will he bailed with unmingled satisfaction. —Dumfries Courier, SPA IN.—The intelligence from Madrid, of the Bth inst. is totally degitute of interest. The Duke of Victory, served by th e Ki n gs of Spain, went the round of the sta. agreeably to an ancient usage , religiously ob.. tions on that day, accompanied by a brilliant staff. The Bourse remained closed on accou nt of the.fast. SPINNING Al A CH INE.—There has been lately invated at Dinan, in the Cot es du Nord, a s p in ning ma. l'in power loom. w hlch I combinesmaltlhein compass, me advantages e o x f tre aha n d and ly simple,. and of low price. Two women ma y ke ep in motion six t' teen spindles, producing thread as strong and even as t h ose of the best manufactor i es . . is <, Talking of law," says Pompey, c , L maKes me tick of what de mortal Cato, who lib more dan a tousand year ago, cay. Hint suy, Dc law is like a group glass window dat give Ight nough to light us poor errin mortals in de dai k passages of dis life ; but it would puzzle de debit himself to see trop it." —Supplement York Herald.