The Sun. — London, England, 1841-01-30 00:00:00

E. A CT SECOIN E . THE FU NDS -(CLOSING PRICES.) BRITISH FUNDS. Bulk Stock ........ India Stock ......... ... .. ... ... 3 per Cent. Red ..... 8N Ditto Bonds a Per Cent Cora ...... . 894 Ditto Old Annuities 0 per Cent Red,......._ 086 Ditto New Annuities... Per 3i per Cent .. 97A Ex. Bills, 1,000/....20 s pm New 5 per Cent ... . 4 Ditto 500 / 3pm ..... Long Annuities to expire Ditto Small Jan. leo ........ 13A Bank Stock for Acct ... — 3 pm , 9et 1859 ... 12 13-16 India Stock for Acct 2lB Jitn. 1860 ........ Consols for ft 697 ....... Ipg - I Aa/trian, FOREIGN FUNDS. teloi 5 per cent... Portuguese, 5 per cent. —,, an,s per cent Ditto, New Ditto.... nrazilian 13ond '''''' Prussian, b per cent.... s •• •• _._ ittenosAyres,6 )ercent Russian, 5 per cent.. . 1 4', i _ 1 "ar? . per c l a nt ..... 2 - Ditto, Metallic i,-7'ominao,6 per cent ... Spanish, .5 per cent "5 ict"o, 1824 ....... Ditto, Deferred .. 13 , 41411 , 3 Per ewn .. .. .. : French,s per cent... --f. —c. ure e k IQ , . . -- M e • '''‘s, s percent. Exchange —f. c. Di I t 1 : 4 6 ) 5 per cent.... 271 French,3 per cent —f. —c. p e ~ per cent, 1825 Dutch, 2} per cent 5 Ol . , F111'1111,1825,6 per et. Ditto, 5 per cent...., 99:i SHARES. Eastern Counties Railway (23 paid)... ••••• B ' 7 ' Ditto Deb entures ( 2 paid) ... .• i s i Greg. Western Railway (65 paid) -- Ditto Fifth s ( 4 paid) Lton and Greenwich Railway (2U I'dia) Ditto Seri ( . 1•41) - V. -P; - II( on and Solidi M estern 5B Manchester and Leeds (70 raid) .. -•• 74 Northern and Eastern (40 r aid) North 111ldland Railway (100 paid) — D itto New Shares (40 paid) South Eastern ati over ( 9 ti aid) ..... ... 13 York and North n Mid D land Railway (50 pd) 73 enhr - '14310 Ni'llE A S.—( TH I S D A Y.) CR/4,,,, hi, ....AN AND OTHER S V. COUNT AND HAVILEY. ettk te A." an action b roug ht by the creditors to a trus t . 80 itm,d t tintt the Trustee, for money due upon an account tb e j il The d e f en d ants disputed some of the items, but gi ber r ,Y found for the plaintiffs. Mr. Sergeant Bompas dbootained a rule nisi fora nonsuit on the ground that there plai ti l i l i no account stated, that is,the document put in by the O'N e i l ' IT'S not legally sufficient for that description,. in count " the defendants had not recognised it as an \ a l e- Serf A:etwe,rl them and the plaintiffs. Yesterday , r. tbe74llt Channell showed cause against the rule, and Ifreitl," "as then heard. The argument was . of cher ked "Th, but purely technical, and the Court . (Its deel;,:,:te r ule, holding that the account set out in the raom l i, °4 was an account stated according to the legal t of g ' the defendants having admitted the gre!t., ~p , a , 1 . • diet oi : te , l tti, and 80 far recognised the :+ 7 ,,int. The _ e,.. *at 4 tut w hole was accord=--.a to the evidence, and there 0 relll ° 4 to di,:.., it. bpi}, ...., ,........., ' I T of thePUBLIC JOURNALS ___,,,,---- -- 4 ° ll THZ EVENING PAPERS OF THIS DAY. (From the Courier. Ac co ., jeg bra ming to notice, Lord John ) Russell last even for l e u ght before the Commons Hous t e he his_ e m o o r- t l i , o tw n Ce rn lt ; to br ing in " A Bill to Continue five p whi s i tn , ils ° o ,'' not for one year, not foryears—to tie . "ieinally limited by Lord Althorpvsilh an in satien th • . expensive might thereafter se di,„ 4t machinery so , for C,venaod with —but " for ten }ears,' that is to say, 104/err• Su pplementary to this announcement so co;1- 4 fn g o," Dr the poor, the Bill professes to be also forti . i n e 421"cr Amendment of the Laws relating to the Poor ve i n I ai'" Wemight have been tempted to hope, e Nit d„ • the • of some boon to the Apa r i., ',9 3 alr, for concession to be proposed, but e these amendments, so called, leitereBf_er,‘rnce to the speeches of the Noble Mover Ni g h t i r i l le:ent to extinguish whatever ray of comfort The ate glitnmered in the far distance n that score. tle'si :eheodments will, in fact, be only in the way . of ren 40..f.tictielaprrgoivnigsions of the new Poor-law more stringent, the despotic powers of Somerset House. herd e 3°llo pretends to justify the repeal of the more el the ° 3- " humane enactments of the law of Elizabeth, nearly g r ound of certain abuses which in tl k ie . course of 1 4 l.'4'o centuries had in the wor in, of that fi t i' l , i n Pen the same printiple he would be equay sill tin tindicatint, the repeal of Magna Chart:, the_ a thoi°' Rights, or, to come to more modern , time,, C l e le Ern allei ation because rebellious Nobleshad • i4sted civil wear, or ' reform agitators had broken had htol z , r6e ilion in South Wales, Fr Papists rir a i. le Bet ',l_ their oath.. The abuses of rights and p et t i i ° Y the rich and more powerful have been at least yod%llY salient with those on the part of the poor it n cl. ,the old Poor-laws ; and where transgression t tll e l e a k i the punishment should not be one-sided. at 4 0i 4 ,, 43 es were those of mal-administration merely, 1,,,,,,`"d not affect the principle of the old Poor-law. h tii.t4hJolm assumes, indeed, that the principle of r t l e per et han Act is left unscathed by its rhoderr! costeilcut.vve incline to believe that be is single in the be which, as we cannot attribute it to ignorance, Eiizi. botillillst challenge as of bad faith. The law of not re 1, 8 a Ys thepoor shall not starve, but it does . ° i,,, • . gaols, and dietary wet, mprisonment in workhouse as i t e th an that of felonry, the conditions of such relief b o ot ,)' k eel) soul and body from parting. It does hoth -n f a ct the separation of wife from husband, and ( raid krTrim children. " There were four workhouses l ath s ''''' Wakley) in the Kensington Union : that for th at at Kensington, that for mothers at Chelsea ; ll re' dauehters at Fulham, and that for sons a i le 'ttier • " , t 'ainfi ''''''tb- ' Will Lord John pretend this cruel N e l l "ticn and division of families to be part and f. hi l l' q the Elizabethan " principle ?" One o its te nder boasts in favour of the new system is, (Isv,4l4,°°eY to moralise the people. " The labour% rr ; lief was raised ' by this change in the law. f *' ' t °lll f We hold the veracity of these reports, ihverr;l_quent and public conviction of their notorious . rate. The exist the vin of truth, at a very cheap ra • the g °l th'' Commissioners may be said to hang upon tro,iiliTressio vcri and asscrtio jalsi. As to t l he . m Nee! "aggerated abuses of old Poor-law tilotl llaegerated with malice prepense an a e . m d m a i f s e o t r o t. e a s --.. t q • L.-t hey were slight and endurable evils, taking .h fal et 'o ,13 d.picted, when compared with the frig t- kw 'rbarities perpetrated under the sanction of the ” Ir etn, and naturally flowing from it. E as e 4r is (From th e Gl o b e .) s ilr e "appy to find that the Liberal electors of til lioti r eY are alive, net merely to the necessity of taneideed energy in the cause of Mr. Alcock, as the tLei 4t e in whom are found the qualities which merit . ta ll: litlat'ilnous approval and support, but that tNYidelectors, who would support a Conservative er thi e , d te under other circumstances, are det d - Ills, to stand aloof from the present contest ; and ttaeflitfialit their sense of what is generally felt to toy al rCtrlt offered to the whole constituency, by the pro -405,13 rt? convert the county of Surrey into apoeke a t taer, t"--etn transfer it, with the ease of changing 4 4 e 4ftking account, to the house of Coutts, Trotter, tt l 'ats ~ ()ne partner (Mr. Trotter) already repre telim"e Western Division of Surrey ; and now an oir Edward made to introduce a mere youth, the son of Na t "art' Antrobus, another of the firm ! 'The rriest gentleman's pretensions to a scat in Puha . - ill p 'tioe w : f ed not have been weakened in the e i sti. ,1• I ' h el ope ,rltl constituency had he tarried a little .o.n -•t• a ; Lle aspired to the honour and responsibility , S t ' r°ll t e As ale t" ; but when the County of Surrey is •'oin t i e l - ''Y havin g a mere youth, scarcely emancipated 6 I ntt,h e e restraints of pupilage, proposed for one of it t 2 , 11 ° cle tn ta i ' aod this in order to place the county ender - , r , ) t Tgar, - , ll ; e tion and control of a banking firm, we e , re . ~";" th o r ile, dat the resentment high-m'reled men feel b p te d iftlt'blgnite*--the surprise would rather be ex• v t) Po a l ""e indignity were not resented, and the ' 4 at Is- se as it deserves. The Liberals of „, t ' e ttg s t „ l4 ) r. "°Y, on the other hand, have reason to s • ° olci r s r—Let themselves on their candidate. Mr. A n l 40, tapri;",Peetability, independence, experience, and u - 4,tote„-.4',Lsing consistency, render him all that an en r"te, -"" constituency could wish for in a lt,prescuta -41, enthusiasm with which he has been received 1 the the r eti ngs he has attended ; the activity evinced tn_ r attei e Cal Committees ; and the encouraging e:o 11 1 , 8 v flti ons Committees by the Central Committeefrom r iess „%e‘ral districts, xvarrant a strong hope that the late- fa te 'tr. Alceek's appearance in the field will not °against his success at the poll. , L ord , (From the Standard.) ( rht, c 'olia Russell proposes to continue the Poor ,cuo,onNission for ten itears more! in addition to the Itish Raes that it has been in existence. Is not this o.ll3ritlit precedent? The Poor -law Commissioners are th e 0 °, and to a considerable extent they exercise Rill et °w er of levying taxes. When before did the Le fs„„itre delegate its legislative and tax-imposing Ser'llnns for ten years ? And what is the necessity lvl e ,: t l an extraordinary proceeding ? When the t he e h.°°r-law passed, it was distinctly stated, that 11N ip"iraission was to be but temporary, to put the 1'11:4 t'iuwlePi motion ; and now, after . . the Commission • tee , S even years, a prolongation of their reign tl, h as more is demanded. 'l'lle country, we ti•a ordi tia4 a tight to demand an explanation of this ex t'efet T' i rY prof, et. Why should not the Poor-law by parets.aieners annually snbniit to their re.appo'ntment they hruarnent as the army and navy do ? Is it, that W e tis rry ° given so minis satisfactio n to the country ? csuseuwatain, however, from Viis view of the subjeet,:be tfeui e Wish to hold attention to the constitutional ilQe(!ir----is leard John Russell's prefect sanctioned by °stile eeteotn,sltsiyt•untnioatlio?gy, o r by the principles and practice N A u ~RITAION ATIN BET W EEN GREAT AND THE PACIFIC. v4,41,).c: LETTER PROM CAPTAIN . , P S EA s C T O E C A K It ,.. I O , : ss T EGLE V• ku. ''' , AM NAVIGATION COMPANY WithA,L,PillArso, OCT 17, 1840.-1 left Rie de Janeiro, arril,`,4e Chili in companr, on can 30th of August, and ept Q ,, c1 41 ( 1, 471 _ Cape Possesson on t orning of the 14th of t illtri el. ' We proceeded through the Siraits r of A,rlas where,_and the sante afternoon anchored off l''ort :a l n y i a. , ; .t c ,.. ; tnt , it 07. e reniained cutting wood and c"rii feting - Tile(ll)oroing of the 19tb. tnillemuaY previous being the annivorEary of . the Chil . i ‘ an e met leet I erected a beacon 25 feet high Oa In height of Santa Anna, depositing underneath it a manu script parchment roll, descriptive of the particulars of each vessel, length of passage, consumption of fuel, toge ther with several British colts of the present year. We then hoist:d the Chilian ensign, and salutel it with three cheers ; at sunset we lowered it, gave three cheers for the Pacific Steam Navigation Company, and returned on board, leaving the beacon a conspicuous seamark for the harbour, and a firmly fixed monument, commemorative of the triumph of steam in this part of the world. The following morning, at daylight, we proceeded in company through the remaining part of the Straits, the waters of which were like a mirror, the sky without a cloud, until we reached Cape Pillar, when, on entering the Pacific, we experienced a heavy cross sea, and very shortly afterwards a gale of wind from the N. N. W. That night the Chili parted company ; the gale did not continue more than 20 hours; the Peru proved herself an excellent seaboat, end carried nothing away, although I was appre hensive of losing the platforms of the paddle-box houses After three or four heavy northerly breezes, duriN one of which I took shelter under the island of Santa Mario in the Bay of Arauco, we arrived at Talcahuano on the 29th, but the Chili did not make her appearance for a week afterwards, which caused me the utmost anxiety and uneasiness. Captain Glover having steered a cbfferent course, fell in with very severe weather, which obliged him to heave to under close-reefed maintopsails ; however, I am happy to state that the Chili received no damage, and in the course of a few days it afforded me the greatest gra tification to see both the steamers looking as smart, and in every way as effective, as the day they left the river Thames. Alter the engines were painted and were dry, I got the steam up with the coal of the country, in order to try it. The small quantity which we procured was got from the foot of a precipice. It was inferior to Welch coal, but we had no difficulty in keeping up the steam as long as it lasted. I was informed that good coal might be procured at a place named Colcura, on the coast. about twelve leagues south of Conception ; and I intended to have visited it with the Polish geologist, M. Lololseky, in the service of the Chilian Government, but, having met with an accident, I sent Dr. Weibourne, who, in company with M. Lololscky and Mr. Cunning ham, the British Vice-Consul, proceeded to Colcura, Laraquete, and Arauco for the purpose of examining the coal formations in those vicinities; and I am happy to state that their report establishes the fact of the existence of coal suitable in every respect for steam navigation. We left Talcahuano, in company, en the afternoon of Wednesday the 14th, and in 25 hours (246 miles) arrived off the port of Valparaiso, where we were met at the point by a boat, with Mr. Scott on board, deputed by the Go vernor to convey a plan of the bay and shipping, and pro gramme of our proceedings, and a letter from Messrs. Naylor, Biardmdu, and Cu., of which the following is a copy : " Valparaiso, October, 1840. " Sir,—We beg leave to inform you, that his Excellency the Governor of Valparaiso, being desirous that your en trance into this port should be as conspicuous as possible, has cornmis , ,ioned the bearer of this, Mr. E. S. Scott, to wait upon you, and to request that you will be off and on until a signal be hoisted at the lighthouse on the point; whereupon a procession of two lines of boats, decked with flags, will leave the harbour to receive and welcome you, bitween which you may enter ; referring to Mr. Scott for further particulars, " We arc, Sir, your obedient servants, " NAYLOR, BOARDMAN, and Co. " Mr. George Peacock, Commander of the steamer Peru." Attu waiting sonic time for the signal, during which I hoisted the Chilian ensign, arid saluted it with twenty•one guns, and performed various evolutions vvi!li both vessels, Colonel Wood came on board, and we proceeded towards the Mole, the Chili close in our wake, passing between the British flagship President and Chilian flagship Chili, the rigging of both ships being manned by their respective crews, giving us three cheers and a royal salute from the latter and the smaller ships of war, which was followed by another royal salute from the batteries and guns sine nunwro of all the merch:te-vessels who had the honour of sporting powder. We then swept round within a few fathoms of the mole-end, and passed between a line of boats, with bands of music and decked with flags, lyir.g off the beach of the Alrnendral ; thence threaded our way in and cut of the different merchant vessels, which were orna mented with flags, receiving their cheers, and around the sterns of the men-of--war; back again by another open ing, and anchoring off the mole-end, the shores and every house and eminence from the point to the cod of the Almendral being lined with spectators, who kept up a continual cheering and waving of handkerchiefs; in short, this reception far exceeded our m(st distant or sanguine expectations, and I only regret that the worthy projector of the enterprise, Mr. Wheelwright, was not present to witness this gratifying display of enthusiasm ; all the public offices were closed, shops shut, and business suspended. On Sunday his Excellency the Governor, Admiral Ross, and other pub'ic functionaries, with their families, honour us with a visit. I intend getting up the steam, and giving them a turn round the bay, and, as we have not had a salute from champagne for a long time, I do not think we can have a better opportunity of so doing. We brought up from Talcahuano five cabin passengers at $2O a-head; one servant at $10; and a woman deck.- passenger at $lO, with two children at $5 each. The engines of both vessels arc in excellent order, and the vessels themselves require only to be caulked to fit them for immediate service, and this only partially, as the cargo has turned out in good order arid condition. EVENING PDTTION.]: BEER-DRINKING IN GERMANY The particular habits connected with beer-drinking in Germany, as it is carried on, will strike a stranger at first sight as being characteristic how far habit goes in giving us prejudices and predilections. In England we drink our malt liquor out of potF, glasses, tumblers, &c. ; b❑t in this portion of the world such is not the case. A German is never seen to drink white beer out of a glass similar to that from which he drinks Bava rian ; nor Bavarian out of that from which he drinks common ; and moreover, he will not drink one, two, or three out of glasses or pots having a similar shape or configuration. Thus every k;nd of beer is served in its particular glass ; in such a manner that it is easy to be informed, from one end of the coffee-house to the other, l i even by a glance of the eye, with what sort of liquor the various guests are regaling themselves. The white beer is decanted, the whole bottle at a time, into a drinking-glass about eighteen inches high, of small dia meter, and that the same throughout, with a bore of stnilar dimensions as the mouth. When full it contains about two English pints ; and moreover, when placed on the table, is provided with a moveable cover, I pre sume, intended to prevent as much of the carbonic acid gas from making its escape as possible. One may cer tainly drink out of any sort of vessel—that is, a vessel of any shape—when thirsty ; but on raising such a one as this to our lips for the first time, it seemed very like as if we were drinking malt liquor from the barrel of a blunderbuss. It requires much steadiness of hand, and the practice of a few weeks, in order to quench thirst from such a bicker, without, on getting towards the bot tom, pouring some part of the contents down the breast. The Bavarian beer, as we have said, has got also its own pot, and in configuration it is the very reverse of the former. It is formed of flint glass, and is some five or six inches high, containing a pint, and becoming gra dually narrower from the bore to the top, the latter of which is covered with a metallic lid, in a manner re• ambling a gill-stoup ; the lid, moving by a pivot on the handle, of course is raised every time the pot is raised to the mouth ; and, owing to the small dimen sions of the upper part of the pot, whilst the lip of the same is in our mouths, the lid sticks, with little con venience, into our right eye. So much for articles which seem so very inapplicable to the purposes to which they are applied, yet no German would ever think of pouring his beer into a glass, and drinking it in that. more convenient way. The common beer is drunk out of a glass differing from either of these, it being neither so long as the one, nor so short as the other, but somewhere half and half between the two. So much for the manner of beer-drinking in Germany ; and we shall also add, that the Germans are find of their beer, and drink it in large quantities—they like it because it is their owa.—Correspondent of the Morning Advertiser. PROPOSAL FOR ESTABLISHING A BRITISH ASSOCIATION FOR THE AD VANCEMENT OF THE FINE ARTS. A knowledge and consequent due appreciation of the fine arts,—the arts which purify and ennoble, —are now observable amongst much larger masses of persons in the metropolitan cities of the United King dom, than was the case 20 years ago ; and mnst ine vitably go on to augment in a gre a tly m u ltipli e d ra ti o as every step gained becomes the means of further ad vances. In the provinces, too, where there are fewer " appliances and means to boot," the attention of the people to the importance of the fine arts as civilizing agents, and as tending to promote the general good, and therefore the general happiness, has visibly in creased, and has manifested itself in more than one good result. Still there is a wide fiald here open for ev.rtion ; and so undeniably important is the object to be attained, so vast is the good that would result from spreading a taste for the fine arts throughout the coun try, and inculcating a love of the beautiful, that no ef forts could be too great, no scheme of operations could be too extensive, which should propose to effect it, Eaperience shows the advantages which have re sulted from the establishment of the " British Associa tion for the Promotion of Science," not chiefly to science per .se, although these have been great and manifold, but to the people generally . attention has been awakened in the minds of thousands to subjects be fore unthougiit of : a spirit of inquiry has been induced ; and whole: towns inoculated with an admiration of knowledge, and a determination to pursue it, to the exclusion of demoralizing sources of excitement, until then indulged in. Why, then, might there not be formed an association for the encouragement of art, which, like this, should meet annually at a different town in England, Ireland, or Scotland, and at which meeting painting, poetry, sculpture, architecture, &c., c., in all their varieties, and with all -their ramifica tions, should form the subjects for the consideration of the different sections ? A large and important exhibition of works of art might be collected, and an Art-Union ar ranged so as to secure the sale of a certain number of them, and th us to ensure the assistance of the most eminent artists, by rendering the society directly, a 5 well as indirectly, advantageous to them. A small subscription (say one pound) would constitute a meta. ber of the Association for the year, the aggregate of which, after deducting the expenses ne ccuar ily incurred, would probably enable the Committee (which should be partly local, partly general) to offer s for compe tition in the higher branches of the various arts, and vote sums for the encouragement of any desirable ob. ject in connexion therewith ; such, for examplo, as for the prosecution of experiments in the preparation of colours, the manufacture of stained glass, or for the purchase of particular pictures, worthy of national re gard. During the meeting the various local collections would be thrown open to inspection ; conver sazioni would be held ; and other means adorte l to bring men into contact with each other, on one common ground. One of the first points to be achieved by the united sections would be, to obtain an able and correct report of the pro gress of Art in England, Ireland, and Scotland, for the last fifty years—a task to be fulfilled satis factorily only by the joint co-operation of men in all parts of the country. This report would afterwards be continued from year to year, under its various heads, and could not fail to prose a work of the highest interest and value. It is not here attempted, however, to point out what cotill be done by a Society organized on the footing suggested : its power of effecting much good must be apparent to all, and needs hardly to be insisted on. The writer is contented simply, but with great earnestness and but one object— namely, strong desire to serve the cause of art (the cause of morality and public good), to state the proposi tion, in the hope that others of more ability, influence, and leisure, may view it as it has appeared to him ; and be induced to carry it into execution, efficiently, and forthwith. GEORGE GODWIN, Jun. Pulliam Crescent, Brompton, Jan. 1841. THE ELECTRO-TYPE. Little is known by the public generally of the newly discovered and highly useful art of electro•metallurgy, to which the present and future generations will doubt less owe some of the greatest improvements in arts and manufactures which have rendered any age remarkable in the annals of civilization. The process by which the electro-t.ype or volts-tyr4 is formed is extremely easy, and does not require any complicated machinery. A simple voltaic battery is set in motion, and the copper plate or other subject of which it is required to take a copy is made the negative pole of the battery, the consc— quence of which is, that the sulphate of copper in solu tion is precipitated upon it. This goes on in a very gra dual manner, and the plate is left suspended in the trough until the copper deposited is of a sufficient thickness to allow of its removal from the original plate. The c►ust thus formed will, however, of course, present the subject in relief, and reversed ; and in order to form a fat-simile of the plate, this copy is again placed in the trough, when the same process is repeated upon this first copy or " matrix," and a perfect plate is the production ready from which to throw off copies. At first it was supposed that the process could not be attended with successful results in the case of non metallic bodies ; but the knowledge of the chemist soon suggested means of applying the electto•type to non-metallic as well as metallic substances. The most simple as well as efficient of there means is found to be the simple operation of rubbing a common domestic black-lead brush over the face of the seal, cast, wood cut, or other material of which it is by this process de sired to take a fat-simile. The black-lead forms a very fine metallic surface upon the non-metallic sub stance, and the process goes on as well as if it were solid metal. The accuracy of the copies of engravings taken from electro-type plates is such that artists have found it in many cases impossible to say which was taken from the original plate and which from the fac-simile ; and in other cases, where a distinction has been discover able, it has been in favour of the electro-type, the lines of which were softer than those of the graver. The process in all its varieties was exhibited by Mr. Brande on Friday evening, in illustration of his lecture on the subject, at the Royal Institution. Another important discovery in connexion with this art has been made, which is of importance to the engraver—namely, that by the means already described, plates of copper, of a purity which can be ensured in no other way, aro to be obtained. Two such plates, one of very large dime n sions, were exhibited by Mr. Brande. It will be seen, that from the ease with which dupli cate plates can be produced, there will be, in the case of costly engravings, no necessity of using the original plate at all, and thus the necessity of " retouching," which in many instances amounts to half the original cost of engraving, may be entirely superseded by mul tiplying, through the all-powerful agency of the eke tro-type, the number of the copies. Copies of fruit, leaves, and a variety of other substances, arc taken with a perfection, beauty, and (necessaty) truth to the ori ginal, which belongs to no other art. The discovery is likely to work a great reform in the patterns and devices of pottery, which, instead of rudely designed and ill-executed ornaments, may, in a short time, be expected to present the most beautifully engraved sub jects which the art of the engraver can furnish.— Evening Paper. 1+: S TN. ,LONDON. SATURDAY, JA .N ETA RY, 30, I 41. MUSICAL INTELLIGENCE. The English Opera House will be opened early in March, by an operatic company, consisting. of Messrs. Balfe, Wilson, Barker, Stretton, Phillips, Madame Thdfe, Miss Macmahon, &c. Leader of the orchestra, Mr. T. Cooke. Liszt has met with a splendid reception at Edinburgh and Glasgow, where his performances on the pianoforte have been applauded with enthusiasm. His coadjutors, Miss Steele, Miss Bassano, Richardson, Lavenu, and John Parry, have succeeded in affording the highest gratification to numerous and brilliant audiences. The party were to have given a concert at Newcastle on Monday, and yesterday at Durham and Sunderland ; then at Darlington, Richmond, and Halifax ; after which they will return to London. The Glee Club had an excellent meeting on Satur day, John Capcl, Esq., in the chair, supported by Sir J. L. Rogers, and a number of amateurs and professors of music. Among the latter were Messrs. Hawes, Hors- Icy, Sale, Fitzwilliam, Bishop, Elliott, Collyer, T. Cooke, J. 0. Atkins, Welmisley, Evans, Hawkins, Bradbury, Spencer, Biackbourne, Hobbs, &c. Several fine com positions of the o d masters were excellently sung, and among those of modern date were Horsley's fine glee, " Awake, my lyre ;" T. Cooke's " Fill me, boy ;" Evans' " Shall I be wasting ;" Eliiott's " Bee ;" and Bishop's charming round, " When the wind blows," accompanied by the composer, which was bully encored. The Melodists' Club met yesterday for the first time this season, on which occasion the following artists were invited—Willy (violin), Carte (flute), and W. 11. Holmes (pianoforte). THE MADRIGAL SOCIETY.—John Immyns, who founded this Society, in 1741, was an attorney, but his vocal coadjutors consisted of Spitelfield weavers. Their first meeting used to be held at the Twelve Bells, in Bride-lane. The Society at present has a library of upwards of two thousand madrigals, from the earliest period, which is, perhaps, the finest collection in world. Drury-lime and Covent-garden have been crowded every evening by the admirers of music at one house, and the lovers of Shakospeare and splendid spectacles at the other. THE LATE DR. GILCHRIST The Journal des Debots announces with a well merited tribute to his memory, the death, on the 9th instant, of Dr. Gilchrist, the well-known - Orientalist, who had, for the last few years, resided in Paris. Dr. Gilchrist was a native of Edinburgh, where he was born on the 19th of June, 1759, and was consequently in the eighty-second year of his age. After com pleting his studies, he resided for several years in the island of Grenada, from whence he returned to his native city, and soon after went to Calcutta, in the medical service of the East India Company. There, he devoted himself to the study of the Orien tal languages ; and was one of the first Europeans who recognized the importance of the Hindostanee tongue, in transactions with the natives, and set methodically about acquiring it. Till his day, the officers of the Company had been content with a slight knowledge of Persian, in which language the acts of the Government., as well as the proceedings of the tribunals, were at that time registered. The popular tongue was believed to be a mere jargon, and neglected accordingly. Satisfied of the benefits to be derived to the natives in their intercourse with Europeans by popularizing their language among the latter, he devoted some years to this labour of love. Habited in the Oriental garb, and accompanied by learned moonshecs, he visited those parts of India in which the Hindostanee is spoken most purely; and, by conversing with the best-educated amongst the natives, acquired al! the idioms and refinements of the language. The earliest conspicuous result of these labours was the first volume of his Anglo-Hin dostanee Dictionary, which appeared in 1786, and was followed by the second in 1790. To these, in 1796, succeeded his Hindostanee Grammar. He edited, besides, several Hindostanee works, caused nume rous manuscript copies to be made of others, and continued, more and more, to facilitate the study of the language, by the publication of elementary works. The Marquis Wellesley, then Governor- General of India, munificently aided and encouraged the researches of Dr. Gilchrist ; and when the former founded the College of Calcutta, the latter was at tached to it, as Professor of Hindostanee and Persian. After having discharged these functions during four years, the state of the Doctor's health comi,elled him to return to Europe, in 1804. For many years after wards he continued, first in Edinburgh and then in London, to deliver Lratultous courses of lectures on the Hindostanee tongue—to publish new works on the sub ject—and to revise and reprint his old ones. These active occupations ceased only at the hirldirag of age and its inthinities, COMMERCIAL TREATIES. The delays and disappointments which have invariably attended the commer c i a l nego ti a ti on s and commercial treaties undertaken or concluded of late years between the British Government and foreign Powers, have thrown a good deal of unmerited distrust upon that mode of extending the trade and manufactures of this country. That distrust, ought more properly to be attached to the department by which these matters have been so grievously mismanaged ; and the failure of our previous attempts is so manifestly attributable to an imperfect acquaintance with the subject, or gross volun tary neglect of the best opportunities, that these exam ples prove nothing against the advantages which a . more active and enlight e n e d s y s t em m i g h t assur edly confer re ciprocally upon ourselves and our Allies. The great basis upon which the whole fabric of commercial intercourse rests, is the growing and ever unsatisfied wants of civilized men. The more the globe is explored, occupied, and peopled, the more need is there of those productions of nature and of art which are indispensable to the life and happiness of mankind. Great Britain is, of all the nations in the world, best fitted to supply this demand, by the extent of her own productive dominions, by the power of capital, which is ever seeking for investment in every shape of enter prise abroad and at home, by the energy and skill of her industrious population, and by the strength and numbers of her maritime power. Hence it follows, that Great Britain has a larger share of commercial advantages to offer than any other nation. m i She has it i n h er power to ass i s t by the legiti ate nfluence of commerce the prosperity of every other nation, to open wide markets for their internal produce, to raise their revenues by increasing the de mand for colonial produce and cheap manufactured goods—in a word, to apply her own mighty commercial machinery to the development of resources in other countries which are as yet unknown to themselves and useless to the world. It may be inferred from the ini,ifferent success of our negotiators, that they have seldom held this language. We arc looked upon in Europe as a nation of merchants, supplicating for privileges we will not grant to others, and seeking to reap where we have not sown. At other times reports have been made by the commercial agents of Downing -street, framed to suit some party purpose at home, and intended to assail the defects of our own commercial legislation, rather than to explain the real condition Of foreign countries. The result has been, that the British Government, with an undoubted power of conferring the greatest benefits by a fair system of commercial intercourse, and able to outbid every other nation in supplies, in capital, and in navigation, has been baffLd in the paltry attempts which have been ostenta tiously announced from time to time as boons to British industry. The consequence has been, that the Austrian Treaty, not having been combined (as bad been intended by the sagacious Minister of that empire) with the negotiations then pending, but abruptly concluded at . Constantinople, and having been framed with an entire oversight of sonic very important ele ments in the relations between the two countries, has given no proofs of vitality except in the Bill of indemnity which was brought into Parliament last Session to rectify its illegality. The Turkish treaty, as we showed to demonstration some months ago, had the effect of creating insurmountable restrictions on British commerce in some parts of the Ottoman em pire, whilst it professed to remove those restrictions in all. The Neapolitan treaty, which was a fair specimen of what might be done all over the world by the in fluence of common sense, was disavowed and smothered by Lord Palmerston. The French treaty, after years of fruitless negotiation, was at last brought to the eve of completion, when it was frustrated by political occur rences, although we venture to affirm, on very good French authority, that if the matter had been urged as it might have been by Lord Palmerston, that treaty would have been signed before our relations with France had chanced to be put in jeopardy, and would conse quently have afforded an additional pledge of peace to the mercantile communities in both countries. The inquiries made by Dr. Bowring as to the German Customs Union appear to have been attended with no result, and the periodical revision of that system is allowed to pass without any improvement of our rela tions with the large communities which constitute the League ; whilst, instead of making:the:most of the supe rior liberality of the tariff of Hanover and the northern German States not belonging to the Prussian Union, we raise objections to the Static dues, which involve no real principle or example of commercial legislation. If it be an object with us to stand upon a bLtter footing with the great German League, the obvious method is to confer advantages worth having on those States which have refused to belong to it. Our present tariff, with all its inconsistencies and injudicious duties, at least en ables us to cede with a good grace upon points which are a positive restriction to other countries, although they only act as a negAive and unproductive restriction to ourselves. It appears from the evidence collected by the Com mittee of the House of Commons on import duties, that there are 516 articles in our tariff which produce on an average 1:39/. each to the annual customs revenue Ten articles produce upwards of 100,0001. and below 500,0001. Nine produce upwards of 500,000/. each, but these nine articles produce collectively 18,575,0711. out of the 9.2,122,0951., which is the total amount of duties collected. In short, those nine articles, being all of primary necessity and vast corsumption, are the grand source of our nation a l i nc ome : a slight propor• tionate increase or falling-off i n them is of moreim portance than all that happens to the other 854 taxed articles put together. The object of the imposts on the former is revenue ; that of the imposts on the latter, a costly and injudicious system of protection, frequently amounting to virtual prohibition : But although we admit that there is ample room for the revision and improvement of our own tariff, we do not adopt the sweeping measure of reform recommended by the Import Duties Committee. Example may be one mode of forcing open foreign markets, but negotia tion is another ; and in treating of these matters it is not unworthy of consideration that we have a number of points to concede, which it is even more important for other nations to gain than for us to grant. It is the duty of the Legislature and Administra tion to hold the balance evenly between those in terests which have acquired the importance of ma turity, and those which are yet to be created and nurtered in the various dependencies of England. Without doubt there are elements of prosperity in the world sufficient to meet the undiscovered wants of un born generations. One nation will be enriched by producing them, another by exchanging for them its own productions. Mankind will learn more and more that commerce, like mercy," blesses him that gives and him that takes ;" and the same power whose wealth and energy in time of need equipped all Europe for war, may employ the same gifts as generally and gener ously for the purpose of opening new channels of com munication, promoting new plans of improvement, and proving that the welfare of each derives its srcwity from, and contributes its. share to, the welfare of all.— Times. PURLOINING- A CHURCH-RATE BOOK. The parish officers of St. Chad's, in this town, for the present and past years, assembled yesterday in the vestry, to sign a " declaration," in the nature of as oath, that they had not purloined the Church-rate book, nor did they know who had stolen it, nor where it was. W. Stokes, Esq., was voted to the Chair. The Mayor attended to take the " decla rations." After considerable debate the officers proceeded to sign the declaration, with the excep tion of two, who said they would not sign it till a similar oath was taken by the inferior servants of the parish. Whilst a duplicate of the oath was being written for this purpose, Mr. Jobson proceeded to the residence of the late senior warden, who was unable to attend, and baring ascertained that he did not object to sign the declaration, Mr.- Jobson and Mr. Blakemore attached their signatures : the other dissentient did not. sign it. The meeting then broke up, their proceedings being ordered to be laid before the Committee of Church Trustees, to guide them in their future investigations in this extraordiniry transaction. We purposely ab stained from stating a single word of the painful dis closures and recriminations that have arisen since we first gave publicity to the fact, that the Church-rat Book of this eat ns'ye parish had IR en stolen, and all arrears of rates thereby cancelled :--and our motive was, to put no impediment in the way of the Book being returned, and the honest and respectable part of the parish thereby saved the infliction of paying a church rate throe. or four times over.—Shrewsbury Chro nicle. FAMOUS SIIOEMAKER.—A correct catalogue of shoemakers who have in any one way or other made themselves remarkable would be a curious thing. It i 3 vrt ameng the un discoverable mysteries why dustmen should wear red plush lr.ieches, and as unsucce s'ul its cap tendencies have been all attempts to account for those very peculiar rt nsiet:ve habits to :ffi.heic.j.hi.t)t;henciorraeft or rf less is are notoriously addicted. The mere circumstance of the s o f Quaker box, and Reformers to the scarcely lei'. unruly r. fl -cling turn presents no d t s li c e (k s t l:C a e r tn Y ak p e u r n a u r i e ts t ; he . great marvel. From and " Hardy, we note, in this i i trident the caseto aolfl timetiiiaine Hans turbulent Sachs enadl days Jacob iay n oi, ciri,o) flit m c most respectable trade, such a long list of rcligionisaig, radicalisms, jac,binisms, and every variety o f i sms, as we find in no other class of men. It was again s t t hi s ten d ency indeed, the old proverbwaslannened, as f a r b ac k as t h e age of Appelles. Why is this? Can any one explain it? Fitness is the object and endeavour of th e t ra d e . I s t h ere of necessity associated with it the restless impulse to dis cover in everything else an eternal unatnesi. We wish we could consult Philosopher ndows ; and a l so o f the Svare..—Erarniner. e.i The Comtnissioners of S tamps an d T axes h ave directed the surveyors throughout the c oun t ry to o b ta i n from the several assessors an account of the number of houses and cottages in their districts not already assesse d from there being less than eight number of farrn•houses at present exempt. EXTRAORDINARY FEAT oF SWINDLING IN PARIS. (From the Gazette des Tribunaux.) A rich merchant of Martinique, named G—, recently arrived at Havre, and having divers im portant business to transact in Paris, as well as being desirous of seeing all the lions of the day, hastened off to the capital without delay, taking with him a considerable quantity of valuable lug gage. M. G— had always been rather a gay man, and notwithstanding the fact of forty-five winters having passed over his head, leaving a little of their snows behind, he was not entirely in different to the pleasures of the world. He arrived in Paris on Sunday morning. He took his walk, he called upon his friends and corrdspondcnts, and was kept to dinner by one of them. In returning in the evening to his hotel he passed Ole Salle Ventadour. The dance was proceed ing with all the gaiety of a Parisian ball, and the merchant was invited to take a billet d entree. Ile at first refused, but on being further pressed, he thought he might as well have a peep at one of these balls, of which he had so often heard and read. He accordingly entered, danced a qua drille or two, and was much pleased with the daz zling appearance of the place. But he was soon overcome with ennui, and was preparing to take his departure, when he was accosted by a pretty little domino of blue satin, who took him familiarly by the arm, called him by his name, and asked him what news from Havre. M. G— was agreea bly surprised, and at once entered into a very ani mated conversation with the fair unknown. Who could she be who appeared to know him so well ? In vain he attempted to discover; she would not gratify his curiosity, although she made herself the most fascinating creature in the world. At length he proposed that she should sup with him, for, let her be who she might, there could be no great impropriety in this, thought the honest merchant. The lady would consent on one condition only, and that was, that they should both go to sup at her house. Monsieur would call a coach. She had her own there already. How extraordinary ! thought the merchant. She must be a person of some consequence. He ventured to ask her once more, but he was told that '' that he could never know !" Off they drove, and on their arrival at her residence she, for die first time, removed the mask, and discovered the prettiest pair of eyes in the world, but her name she still persisted in not disclosing. It is unnecessary to go into the details of the supper. Suffice it to say, that it went ofl with much eclat, and Monsieur was too much fatigued with his journ e y an d a ll t h e p l easures o f the day not to sleep soundly on retiring to bed. To say the truth, he did not wake un'il twelve o'clock next day, when finding himself alone, he rang the bell for the servant. The domestic appeared. " Have the goodness to tell me," said M. G—, " where I am " Where you are, Monsieur ?" re-echoed the attendant, " the - house has not changed its name since yesterday—you are still in the Hotel de France."—" Oh, I am at an hotel am I ? and who is the lady who occupies this apartment " The lady ? why, your wife, Monsieur, I suppose ; she rose early to take the bath." " You suppose wrong," said the merchant in an angry tone, " I have no wife. lam a bachelor. Ifowever, give me my clothes, and let me have my bill."—" Here are your clothes, Sir, but the bill was paid last night by the lady, when she ordered the supper. Mys tery on mystery. However, he would go to his own hotel. On arriving there he found that the same mysterious agency which had paid the bill at the Hotel de France, had paid it at his own hotel. He was told that he had paid it himself, and that he had taken all his things away ; that he had put the bill in his pocket-book, with two letters which had arrived for him in the course of the previous evening. Was he asleep or awake ? Was he in his right mind, or was he no longer master of his reason ? He looked at his pocket book, and then, as if to confirm the astounding intelligence which he heard, there he beheld the paid hotel bill, and the two letters referred to. There was no longer a doubt. - He had been the dupe of a swindler. His luggage had been carried off ; his pockets had been ransacked ; his letters of credit had been received, and not a trace was left of property to the amount of nearly 10,000 francs. The manner in which the mercham's identity was so successfully counter feited is not the least extraordinary, for even when the hotel-keeper saw the real " Simon Pure," he persisted in declaring that it was he who had taken away the things ; in short, that everything had been done by his orders. SALTING AND CURING ANIMAL SUbSTANCES. Our attention has been invited to a new process, protected by letters patent, for the above purpose. 'rho advantages enumerated in the circular are : " 1. The whole process of curing effectually the animal substance does not occupy more than one quar ter of an hour, economising thereby labour and time to a very great extent. " 2. At any season of the year, and in any tem perature, even under the influence of a tropical sun, the process is effective, and may be used with perfect safety. "3. The materials employed aro the same as hitherto used, but less than one-third of the usual quan tity is consumed. " 4. Any desired flavour, and any degree of saltness, may be communicated, the process being thus equally applicable to hams, tongues, and other preparations as to plain saitng. Fish, poultry, &c., raay be treated with equal advantage. " 5. By this process the nutritious elements of the animal substance are all preserved in it, which, by the old mode of curing, are necessarily much deteriorated. " G. By this process hides can be prepared for pack ing with great advantage, occupying much less space, thoroughly preserved, and rendered fitter for the tan nine process." 'The meat to be cured is'placed in an iron vessel of considerable strength, connected by a pipe and stop-cock with the brine tube, also with an exhausting pump. The cover having been screwed down on the vessel, the air is extracted and a vacuum established, whereupon, the stop-cock being properly turned, the brine rushos in and takes the place of the air, filling the pores of the meat, and penetrating thoroughly the animal substance. Lest, however, some parts of the meat might not have been impregnated with the pickle by this reaction and the common atmospheric pressure, more of the liquid from the tub, prepared to taste with salt alone, or with saltpetre, or sugar, or spice, or alum in the case of hides, is pumped in by a small condensing engine (connected, of course, also with the iron vessel) until a pressure of from 15O1bs. to 2001bs. on the square inch be attained. Now, the animal substance is allowed to remain under pressure for about ten minutes, and the process is com plete. The meat when taken out is thorougly saturated with the brine, the full flavour of which is imparted to it, and we►l cured. CURIOUS BEQUEST. In the will of Sir Gilbert East, Bart., of Fitfield, Berks, proved in Doctors' Commons under 300,0001., is the following curious bequest. Certain clauses in the will arc marked 1,2, &c.—" I leave to Eleanor Mary East every dog belonging to me at my decease, be it where it may—shall be kept, in every respect, as well as during my life, be fed with milk, barley, or oatmeal, or sea biscut and tripe, &c., and I leave to be paid to the person possessing the property set down in No. I, for his life, 7s. a week for each dog ; and, at the de cease of Mary Eleanor East, who shall first keep them, the person in actual possession of the property be queathed in No. 1, be he who he may, shall continue well and punctually to pay the weekly allowance for each dog, as before directed ; and, moreover, to find out and employ a trusty honest person to look after them and attend them, which, together with any kennel furniture, when wanting, shall be an extra payment, over and above the weekly allowance, as shall also medicine. 1 do not allow of any one dog to be killed because old or in firm, under a false notion of charity. And, further, any horse or mare belonging to me at my decease shall have each a run for life, with every possible care and attention paid to them ; but most particularly in winter, when I will that chaff, bran, and hay, be daily and plemilully given to them, and warns sheds to shelter themselves in be provided ; and that they be allowed to run in my meadows, at Fifield particularly. And I hereby order that Eleanor Mary East, during her life, do amply provide for the horses, &c., aforesaid, and at her decease I leave and bequeath eight shillings per week, to be defrayed by the person being in actual posses sion of my propel ty set forth in No. 1, for the ns aintenance of each horse, mare, or gelding ; and whom I hereby re quire to hire a trusty and honest person to attend thens, and administer to their wants, who shall be paid extra, and not from the Bs. per week. Further, any parrot that may to rice belong, at my decease, shall, at the decease of Eleanor Mary East, if she outlives me, 1.).! made over to Martha Hack, who, I trust, will its every respect take the greatest care of them, en the same plan of keeping and feeding as practised while I was living ; and to enable Martha Hack to perform this, I hereby order the person in the actual passession of the property set down and be qaeathed in No. 1, to pay unto Martha Hack, or any other person afterwards whom it may be ne cessary to appoint, in case of any unforeseen circuro7 stance, or the death of Martha Hack occurring, and which substitute to Martha Hack ought to be ry trustworthy, the quarterly sum of 15/., making 60/. per year. And the person in the actual possession of the property bequeathed in No. 1, shall appoint such successor when necessary ; and at the death of the said parrot only 20/. a year .fer life shall be paid unto Martha Hack, or the successor actually appointed. A cage similar (being iron) to the present one shall be provided at the expiration of every two years for the parrot aforesaid ; to be purchased new by the person in actual possession of the property set down in No. 1, at his own expense." EXTRAORDINt RY INSTANCE OF LONGEVITY. —A female pauper named Whiffen, expired yesterday in the workhouse of St. Luke's, Chelsea, Arthur -street, King's-road, having attained the extraordinary age of 107 years. She was born in the year 1734, seven years after the accession to the throne of King George the Second. She thus lived during the reigns of five Sovereigns (one of which (George the Third's) is the longest on record. The old woman was frequently in the habit of collecting a number of the paupers around her, ar.d entertaining them with stories of her early days, and drew amusing pictures of the contrast between the manners and customs which prevailed a hundred years ago and those of the present day. She described Ch e ls ea ' in those days as a quiet, se cluded village, the corrimunication between which and the metropolis was rendered a matter of some risk, in conse quence of the swarms of highwaymen and desperate cha racters, who infested the " Five Fields," the site of the r , resent magnificent buildings composing Belgrave and E aon-squarcs. DEATH OF THE REV. Mr. MUSGRAVE, ONE OF THE CANONS OF WINDSOR.--.WINDSOR, JAN. 29 Intelligence has just reached Windsor of the sudden de cease of the Rev. Richard Adolphus Musgrave, one of the canons of St. George's Chapel, whose death took place near Brussels, a few days since, whither he had gone to reside for a temporary period, with his family, consisting of a wife and three children. The s'all thus rendered vacant is the fourth that has lapsed at Windsor since the Act of Parliament came into operation for the regulation of ca thedral duties and revenues. As it is intended to reduce the canons at St. George's Chapel from twelve (the origi nal number) to four, as deaths may occur, (appointing a new canon upon every third vacancy which may be so trc ated), no new appointment will take place upon the decease of :he Rev. Mr. Musgrave, nor until two more vacancies in the prebendal stalls are declared, arising either from deaths or otherwise. INTERMENT OF HATFIELD.—After the death of Hatfield, who attempted to assassinate King George the Third, his relations, who reside in the neighbourhood of C!erkenwell, applied to the authorities of Bethlem to have Lis remains delived up to them fur inter mcnt, but their re quest was not granted. Au intimation was made that Government would undertake the whole of the expenses of ibe funeral, leaving it to the friends of the deceased to se lect a spot for the interment. Arrangements have been made for the funeral, which will take place this day in the burial ground of St. Andrew's, Holborn. ['HE FRENCH CAVALRY.—GeneraI Count do Sparre has, according to the Echo dc la Fronticre, arrived at Valenciennes as Inspector-General of the horses pur chased for remounting the cavalry at that town and Dun kirk. This Journal adds—" The Remoun:-Commission at Valenciennes, presided over by General Dandre, has already received about 3,500 horses, and expects only be tween 800 and 1,000 more. The lowest price paid has been 405 f., the highest 8501. The first are intended f the waggon train, and the last for the Carbin , :ers. The paymaster at Valenciennes has paid for horses to the amount of more than 2 000,000 f. The prohibitions in Germany against the export of horses have not had any sensible effect on the supplies brought to this place."— Galignani's Messenger. DRURY LANE TIIEATRE.—Lord Cardigan, who occupied the front seat in one of the private boxes at this theatre, on Thursday night, was perceived and recognised by some persons in the pit, who commenced pointing him out to others as the " black-bottle man ;" he was groaned and hisoed by a majority of the house, but he had a considerable party who cheered him. His Lordship remained in the box to the close of the perfor mance, apparently disregarding the reception he met with:; of course under these circumstances very little of the beautiful music could be appreciated. When the per formances were over numbers of persons rushed out of the pit to give him, which they did, a lusty patting groan in the street. STEAMERS ON THE PACIFIC.—We have been tivoured with the following extract of a letter from Valparaiso, addressed to a mercantile house in this town, from which it appears that two of the four English steamers intended to ply in the Pacific, have arrived on the western coast of South America :—" Valparaiso, Oct. 15, 1840.—The steamers Peru and Chili arc now coming into port, under salutes from the British frigate, the Chilian frigate, and the fort. An aquatic proces sion, composed of all the boats in the port, is also sal lying forth to hail the first steamers which have ever braved the seas of Cape Horn. They arc now plying to and fro in the bay, to the great admiration and asto nishment of the natives. All the stores, shops, &c., arc closed ; and all the inhabitants of the place seem to be present to witness the novelty. I understand that until two more steamers arc procured from England, the two now here will only ply betvvecn Talcahuana and Callao, touching at all the intermediate ports; and, when the re inforcement of two more vessels is procured, they will pro ceed as far north as Panama, which route will afford a very expeditious communication between Englani and these countries."—lllanchester Guardian, We are glad to announce that a sudden and compk:e thaw seems at length to have arrived, to release us from that state of blockade in which we have been placed for some weeks. Up to yesterday, the 25th instant, there were no symptoms of change. The most intense frost, and frequent falls of snow, prevailed in all directions. The severity of the weather has produced sad changes. " The river Spey," says a correspondent in Badenoch, " has disappeared from our polar landscape—frog en up, and covered with snow. With great difficulty can even a scanty supply of water be procured ; the mills arc all stopped. Hundreds of moorfewl may be seen in the morning, between the corn yard and barn-door, associated with the domestic poultry. For the last three weeks the robin redbreast has taken regular possession of the barn, unterrificd by the swinging of the noisy flail." The average depth of the snow is eighteen inches, but at short intervals occur long wreaths of from ten to twenty feet. lace; ness Courier. In the Calcutta Courier of the 16th November, we find some account of a company forming at Bombay for trading on the Indus. Government, i seems, is about to establish a steam flotilla and monthlypackets on that river, which will ascend on the Gurrab or eastern branch of the river as far as Ferozeporc, lying about sixty miles south of Lahore, and 1,200 miles from the sea. The un friendly spirit of the people on the lower part of the Indus will perhaps prevent any considerable trade from being carried on with them at first ; but in the meantime all the Punjab will be (Ten to us, with its three millions of !nimbi tants, and the transportation of goods to A ffghanistan will be greatly facilitated. The channel of the Indus will even he tho best route to Bokbara, and ultimately it will lay open countries possessing six or seven millions of inhabitants to our commercial industry. We cannot help thinking that due advantage has not been taken of steam navigation as a means of intercourse with the interior of Asia. A ship with no other moving power than sala is helpless in a river, especially in ascending, but the use of steam completely removes this disadvantage. Supposing, for instance, that we were on good terms with Persia, why should not some of our merchants establish one or two steam-boats to piy on the Euphrates and Tigris? The latter passes through a well peopled country, and is navigable for three or four hundred miles ; the territory along the Euphrates is less populous, but in the season of floods the river is navigable to the confines of Syria. With two or three guns the vessels would be secure against any attack of the predatory tribes ; and the fact that British good,: reach the northern parts of Persia and the eastern parts of Turkey at present by an expensive overland journey of 800 or 1,000 miles from Trebisond, shows bow much more profitably they might be carried into these countries by the channel of tbo rivers.—Scolenran. MILITARY " DRUAIMING-OUT. "-- Yesterday , a private of the WI Hussars, named Yates, who was flogged a few weeks ago for thieving money, underwent the further ignominy of being " drummed out" of the Regiment, which was thus purged of the stain of retaining within its ranks a confirmed bad character. Although this mode of dismissal is, according to custom, called drum ming -out, it was in this instance a performance of trum pets; the fellow being led out of the Barracks by a halter, and then turned up under the sound of the " Rogue's March."— Coventry Herald. . _ _ PARLIAMENT.— Ile system of Parliaments commenc, d under the Saxon Government ; but the first regular one was in 1204, during the reign of King lohn. The epoch of the House of Commons is generally to be January 23, 1265, under Henry 111.: and the first Peer's eldest son who ever sat in the Lower House was Francis Russell, son of the Earl of Bedford, and who was the brother of the William Rus sell so celebrated fur his milftary services in Ireland (of which he was for some time Lord Deputy) in the time of Elizabeth. In 1619, after the death of Charles, a Peer was elected, and bat as a member of the House of Commons. Pailiamentary grants were originally made to the King in kind ; and in 1340, 30,000 sacks of wool are included in the grant then made. THE MURDER IN THE RUE ST. HONORF.— The water carrier who was taken into custody for the as sault on the two diligence porters, is named Tiniere, a Savoyard. He voluntarily surrendered himself and gave the name of the man who actually committed the murder as Roussi, another water carrier. The latter was taken into custody next morning as he was filling his pails at the fountain in the Carrefour Gann], and was shut up for a time iu the guardhouse of the Pointe Saint Eusta che ; but when the police ollicers came to conduct him to the 1 rc 7 lecture he was found quite dead, having hung himself with his handkerchief to the window bars. THIRTY-EIGHT PERSONS POISONED FROM EATING TURTI.E.—Wc have ben , horrified by heating of the most extensirc mortality we ever remember to have known from eating nomh , us food, that occurred within the last few days near Pantura. IL appears that two turtles were caught and brought to the haz.ar, where they were cut up and sold, rand that every individual who ate part of women, and children), died, arid them was se:zed in about 24 hours with a species of ello. —The lera, of which it has been ascertained beyond a doubt at least 38 perfons (mei), that upwards of 40 more are dangerousf ,, u I , ~ j nwv.,.---tust claim of India Tehvraph. MARCIIMONT PEERAGE. Cap tain F. D. Home, Bart., to this Peerage, l och i pied much of the time of the Commi::e ' . 0 - i - 13 'a r s i v 7 e C g " c - s during the last three Sessions of Parli d atilent, rod which House, will, we 'under " has already received nino lengtheyo hearings in their anal review of the I? , .ird Chanroth r Lordships' for elvelson ::most im stand, come under the nacdiately, EVENING= EDITION. • •' .` L.\l V'Eit6lT Y Tt.I.LIG.L.IN CAMBRIDGE, JAN. 30.—0 n Saturday last, Ge'orge Ga briel Stokes, 8.A., of Pembroke College, the Senior Wrangler of this year, was elected a Foundation Fellow of that Society. SMITH'S PRIZES.—The Examiners yesterday evening adjudged the first prize to Ds. Stokes. of Pembroke Col lege, Senior Wrangler; and the second to Ds. Jones, of Trinity College, the Second Wrangler. The Rev. Dr. Graham, Vice-Chancellor and Master of Christ's College, in this University, has been appointed Chaplain to his Royal Highness Prince Albert.—The following gentlemen have likewise been appointed Chaplains to his Royal Highness :—Rev. Lord Wrioth eslcy Russell, Rev. Archdeacon Wilberforce, and the Rev. Dr. Richardson, Rector of Exeter College, Oxford. The Norrisian Prize for this year was on Monday last adjudged to the Rev. Daniel Augustus Beaufort, 8.A., of Jesus College, for an essay on the following subject:— " 130th in the Old and New Testament, everlasting life is offered to mankind, only thoougb Christ. On Monday last the Rev. W. P. Musgrave, M. A., Chaplain of Trinity College, in this University, was col lated by the Lord Bishop of Hereford to the rectory of Eaton-Bishop, in the same county and diocese.—And on Tuesday last, the Rev. Fred. Custance, ,M. A., late in cumbeat of Ripponden Yorkshire, was collated by the Lord Bishop of Hereford to the rectory of Colwalwall, also in the same county and diocese. On Thursday week the Rev. George Henry Clarke Bidwell, 8.A., of Clare Hall, in this University, was in stited to the Rectory of Blessingham. Norfolk, on the presentation of Leonard Sticlford Bidwell, Esq. of Thetford. The Rev. John P. Greenly, of St. Peter's College in this University, has been presented, by W. R. A. I'. I'. Long Wellesley, E:q , of Seagry House, Wilts (but now rasiding at Brussels), to the united rectories of Wurl!s ton and Atl'elbamsteati, Dorset, void by the death of the Rev. G. 11. Langdw. The Rev. William Adams, M. A., of Queen's College, in) this University, and Curate of Newton Bromswold, Northamptonshire, has been instituted to the Rectory of Throcking lierts—P4tron, Rev. W. Adams. COURSING.—THE GAME LAws.—A vast number of informations recently have been laid ander the Gam:i-laws, to recover penalties from farmers and trades men for being present at, and assisting in, coursing. We have been horrified by hearing of the most extensive mortality we ever remember to have known from eating noxious food, that occurred within the last few slays near Pantura. It appears that two turtles were caught and brought to the bazaar, where they were cut up and sold ; and that every individual who ate part of them was seized in about 24 hours with a species of cholera, of which it has been ascertained beyond a doubt at least 38 persons (men, women, and children), died, and that up wards of 40 more are dangerously unwell.—East India Telfgraph, WAGES OF MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT.--. It appears that the custom of boroughs maintaining their Representatives in Parliament had not ceased in the early portion of last century. Hail, whose collections were brought down to about 1739, speaking of Hel stone says, " This place and others in Cornwall, are not able to maintain their burgesses in London during the Ses sions at theiriown proper cots and charges (as of old was accustomed) in any told able post or grandeur ; but have found that profitable expedient (as many others) of making countrygentlemen free of their town, who bear the bur. den and heat of the day for the honour of their cor porations, distret , s their paternal estates to exalt the reputation and perpetuate the privileges of a petty so ciety, made up of mechanics, tradesmen, and inferior practioners of the law." The same author states that " Padstcw, Lelent, and Marszion, formerly sent Members to Parliament. but were excused upon their petition on the score of poverty." IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT. ROUSE OF COMMONS, JAN. 29. The SPEAKER took the Chair at Four o'Cloek. ANSWER TO THE ADDRESS. The SPEAKER reported that the House had yes terday attended her ANesty with the Address, to which her 111.jesty had been pleased to return the following most gracious answer : " I have received with great satisfaction your loyal and affectionate Address. I thank you for your con gratulation on the increase of my domestic happiness. I shall not cease to direct my most earnest attention to every measure which may be calculated to promote the public welfare, and for the maintenance of the peace of Europe." HUMPHERY presented a petition from the borough of Southwark, praying for the erection of a new street leading to Blackfriars-bridge. POOR-LAWS. Lord JOHN RUSSELL then moved for leave to bring in a 8.11 to continue the Poor-law Commission fur a time to be limited, and for the further amendment of the laws relating to the poor in England. The Noble Lord stated that he proposed by the Bill to extend the authority of the Commissioners for ten years. Mr. GRIMSDITCII rose, and said that he should feel it is duty to oppose the motion. When the N9ble Lord introduced the Bill before, ho gave a pledge that he would never again attempt to renew the authority of the Commissioners, and under those circumstances he (Mr. Grimsditch) was rather surprised at the present motion. He thought the conduct of the Commissioners had been such as to bring confusion into almost every part of the kingdom. It had certainly been so in the North, with which he (Mr. Grimsditch) was most intimately acquainted. He could point out many instances in which this law had worked injuriously, creating great discon tent, adding to rather than lessening the burden upon the public, and making the condition of the poor worse than it was before. The results of the inquiries which had been made throughout the country, had been to convict the masters of workhouses of gross oppression. The Honourable Member then proceeded to state that many inconveniences had arisen from the districts being too large to admit of proper management. He was acquainted with Unions which extended over a district of ten miles. It was impossible that a Union of such extent should be properly governed. He - also com plained that the number of Assistant-Commissioners was nearly double what were originally proposed to be appointed. Mr. WAKLEY said that there could be no doubt that the present law would admit of an amendment being introduced into it, but if the Noble Lord wished to take the sense of the House on the present motion, he should divide it into two parts. 'rho two legitimate parts representing the subject to be considered were one to emend and the other to extend the commission. Ile did expect that the Noble Lord would• state, as far as he could learn it from the Commissioners, the f u ll development of the effects which the existing law produced on the interests of the people. He expected that the Noble Lord would satisfy the House of the necessity of the changes proposed, but he left them in utter ignorance of the necessity of those changes. He had expressed a hope that the Noble Lord would not object to put the proposition in two parts—one re specting the continuance of the Poor-law Commis sioners, and the other relative to the amendment of •the existing law ; by his so doing the House would know how to vote, but if the Noble Lord declined to adopt the course which he (Mr. Wakley) suggested, he in consenting to the introduction of u Bill for pro perly amending the existing law, begged to state, that when other proposals were made with reference to the other Bill he would oppose it in all its stages. The Commissioners had failed in ;;i%ing satisfaction to the country. The institution must. be considered a useless and most expensive one ; the people would not grudge expense if they felt that the law was satisfactory to the poor, but the law was regarded as a harsh and in human law. It was considered to be a law unsuited to the charitable and kindly disposition of the people of this country. He was amazed that a Ministry calling itself a Reformed Ministry, and relying fur support. on the good wishes of the people, would propose - a Poor law of that nature, and would propose its continuance. atter the experience of its pernicious, and, in 44 °Pt" nion, cruel working. The present law took from the people the administration of their own affairs in the matter that concerned their own interest in an especial manner, and deprived them of the means of applying their own money in charities to the objects that c ame under their observation in the different e Noble Lord localities of the d places which they frequented. Was th prepared, he would ask, to showthe tinuiog the Commission? the law to be in the hands of the Commissioner s, or in the statute books o f necessity of con the realm ? If ever a law was to be well understood it was assuredlythosew.how. were to administertheir t principles laid d tcould,hitt andu understand er st,th d the by t t rr a: statutes,nowr e t t ? erringhe an n o the pp e aliawir.omßthue cruel t igousitdoirdc ofe hendenrcsieet' of the guardians to th e Commission ers -house. They wer e t o carry i nto ope rationwhatever law they might thi n k necessary. If t as a constitutional mode of go vern i ng t h e cone f,at Somerset-house.ee s ooner they got rid o f i t t h e b etter. It was the creation of a despotic authority at Somerset-house —greater than that House, or any other, could exer e;se. He hell in his hand a sma ll b oo k w hi c h h e h a d obtained a short time since from Somerset-house—it was entitled " An Amendment of the Workhouse Rules." 1-leaven only knew what the rules were which those to which he referred were intended to amend. But wha was the nature of the discipline ? No severer punish ment could be inflicted than the silent system. Crimi nals complained of being harshly and unjustly treated by the oleeration of the silent system, and yet tht law enables the Commissioners to carry out that silent svttem. Ho believed that there was a provision in the Poor law Act which required, that before any general rule be adopted, it should be submitted to the Secretary of State ; it could then only obtain the force of law. But in order to avoid the responsibility and in en u y ii i c e e , eirrvhicisttithLiwtv: madeoulo d occasion, each casi particular,a particular Union, rule o was , and thus no general rule was submitted to the Secretary of State. But what did one of the rules state? It stated that all paupers in the workhouse, except the ' sick, and the paupers of the fourth, fifth, and seventh classes, should rise and leave off work • at a time to be intimated by the ringing of a bell, and that doting the time of meals silence :Ida be main,