The Sun. — London, England, 1870-11-25 00:00:00

METROPOLITAN CIOSSIP.--THURSDAY. A week has served to effect a great alteration in the aspect of the Russian difficulty. Seven days ago a war seemed almost a foregone conclusion. But delay has brought reflection, and the leading thinkers of the country have come forward to prove that there is nothing worth fighting about. It would be hazardous to express a confident opinion ere the answer of the Russian Government has reached London; but my belief in the pacific tendency bf events is not founded upon mere con jecture. It would . be odd, indeed, if we embarked in hos tilities merely to uphold the' settlemeni of 1856. It is a remarkable fact that almost every condition which im pelled Englishmen to demand vtar in 1854 is now lacking. There now exists no ruler of Frame who, after winning a throne by a bloody conspiracy, strove to Consolidate his gains by an alliance with England, and by the prestige of victorious battles. Such a rnthr, with such a design, was the prime cause of the war in 1854. There now exists no single English Minister who sympathises with such a pro ject, and who exercises an overpowering influence with his fellow Ministers, in bringing about the alliance and the consequent war. In 1854 Lord Painittston l'i'ed and played this part. The Sovereign of Russia, in 1870, I whatever may be his shortcomings, is a man open to rea son. In 1854 he was not. Sixteen years ago the Empe ror Francis Joseph was a mere youth, and much under the control of the Czar, who imagined that Austria would, therefore, not take open side against Russia, though theinterestsof the two were opposed. No such mis take can be committed by the Russian Government of to day. Sixteen years ago the English people were impressed -with a belief that the integrity of Turkey was necessary to the safety of our own possessions; we are much less solicitous now about patching up the Sick Man. So far the conditions of the two epochs are entirely dit , ferent. One condition, however, remains unchanged. In 1854 a warlike spirit, not unnatural after a lengthy period of peace, had got abroad in the nation ; and some return of this feeling has unmistakeably declared itself within the last few days. War is contagious. When all around re echoes with the shout of conflict, it is difficult for the most virtuous to preserve a determination to which it is easy to attach ridicule. We have been much bullied of late, and there is a point where the disposition to disre gard unmerited insolence breaks down. The Alabama elaiins, and the Sumnerian speehes with which they were urged, have been followed by the shamelessly incon sistent German complaints about the export of arms ; these complaints have been appropriately seconded by abundance of insulting writing in the German press ; and finally comes the despatch of Prince Gortschakoff. British patience was clearly exhausted by this last outrageous production. Few, if any, Englishmen care a fig for the neutrality of the Black Sea. I have in vain sought for the thinker who would undertake to defend, for its own sake, the contested clauses of the Paris Treaty, We were to fight to show that the opinion of England was not to he set aside with impunity: Such was the tenor of public opinion as far as I have been able to observe it. Happily, through the timely representations of many leading men, and through the delay given for reflection, people Are beginning to conclude that the opinion of foreigners about our being unwilling to fight is no justifi cation for our embarking in war. But the business did look very serious at first—so serious as to justify the Ministry in preparing for the worst. The needful pre liminaries were, I. am assured, quietly commenced Mr. Cardwell began to give as keen an eye to the small arm question as M. Gambetta himself. The factories started into activity. The artillery batteries are receiving the attention which military reformers have been urging since the effects of that arm were made so conspicuous at Sedan. At all the railway salons knots of sailors may be seen on their way to join vessels ordered into commission. Last week I endeavoured to do some justice to the great qualities which Gambetta, notwithstanding his wild spout ing, had displayed in organising the resources of France. In the interval some of the most thoughtful English news papers have also given this able man his due. The Spectator and the Daily News agree in pronouncing his achievements to be wonderful. In truth Gambetta has proved the \ equal of Carnot ; indeed, it may be doubted whether the Republican War Minister of 18T0 does not surpass him of 1792, for the armies of the former are greater, and have been raised in a briefer space than those of the latter. A Ger man friend of mine assures me that the reports from Versailles representing the existence of a sort of panic in the German`camp after Der Tann's defeat were not over drawn. For once German foresight was at fault. It was not believed that any formidable Loire army could be assembled in such a space—and the less so as this same array had been easily defeated in the early days of October by 30,000 Bavarians. Yet it was suddenly dis covered that 150,000 good French troops, well provided with artillery, had crossed the Loire. Well might Von Moltke feel anxious, well might the Germans make all ready—as they actually did— for raising the siege of Paris. The armies of Prince Frederick Charles and General Manteuffel were yet a long way off, and the French force inside and that outside of the capital so greatly outnumbered the available German strength that at some point or other they must have secured an overwhelming preponderance. Unfortunately the energy which has created these French hosts does not appear at hand to guide them in the field. The opportunity has departed. It is said that D'Artrelles de Paladine's failure to inflict greater injury upon Der Tann, and more especially to follow him up when the Bavarians had retreated upon Toury, caused the liveliest dissatisfaction to M. Gambetta, who had announced an immediate march upon Paris to an ex pectant world. A vivid altercation ensued between the two. There has been a shifting of generals since, and it looks as if d'Aurelles would no longer lead the Army of the Loire to battle. Still it would be premature to conclude that the French armies outside Paris can do nothing. The projected advance upon the capital has, it is true, failed for the present. But another scheme of some promise seems to have taken its place. The three armies are now constructing strong entrenched camps, from which, when completed, they will sally forth. Should they be beaten, they will retire to the shelter of the camps, reform, and begin again. We are indebted to the correspondent of the Daily News for the inportant in formation that this plan has been adopted. It is a very probable one. The Liberal victory at Newport will be very welcome. The defeats at Shrewsbury and Colchester and more than all, the rout in the Isle of Wight—had caused some dismay amongst the " tianagement," notwithstanding the mot mous majority & present following Mr. Gladstone. For who knows that the long promised reaction might not set in ? It will not do for Liberals, any more than Ger mans, to be too confident, Besides, the election policy of the Conservatives always has been superior to that of their adversaries, and they have worked at the registra tion courts with great:lrigour of late. The Libe ra l s mus t not neglect these co sideration.s, however strong they may think themselves. There is one superiority, however, which the Conserva tives are likely to retain. I allude to the multiplicity of candi dates. Hitherto the Liberals have often lost through a .bungling surplus of this kind; henceforth this surplus is likely to be the work of design. lam told that the Eng lish Democratic party is likely soon to become a feature of - sotne moment in English politics. The leaders—not men of the Hyde Park and Trafalgar-square school—are quietly raising the basis of an organisation which will cause some trouble by tho very simple pretext of running advanced men as third candidates against the Liberals and Conservatives. By this means it is hoped that the defection of the working men to the Red, or, rather, Reddish, side will he such a serious danger as to induce the Liberals proper to compound. I have before mentioned the possibility of such a scheme coming into extensive play. Its wide adoption is assured if the Re public lives in France. Democratic institutions acr oss th e Channel have always given an impetus to democratic propaganda here. In this case the assistance will be' direct and special. The colony of Frenchmen who formerly haunted Leicester-square migrated em name after Sedan. They are now men of some consideration in their own country, and they are not unmindful of their old allies who helped them during their time of exile. They have promised their English friends that assistance which the latter most need—money. A. good deal of speculation respecting Mr. Bright's position in the Cabinet is noticeable in the papers. I have reason for believing that the case of this Minister is very simple. If it crin be shewn in - a reasonable time that his health will permit his remaining in the Cabinet, he will remain ; if permanent restorati on appears doubtful, h e will undoubtedly retire. Prohahly his place would have been vacant long ago, had his colleagues not striven to extend the period of probation,. so to speak, a s l ong as possible. The 'clevalopment of telegraphic news, under thu Go- vernment system, is one of the most remarkable instances of the effects of Free Trade. The charge made for the transmission of intelligence is about the same under the new system as under the old, hut the business is now free to all corners. Pormerly only such news was sent as the telegraph companies chose to supply. The result is an increase in the quantity of news telegraphed 4om London to the provinces, of from 4,000 words daily to 15,000 words daily. The total number of newspapers and news rooms supplied with telegraphic news was 306. tt Is now 1,300. That such a large extension of business has been attended with some inconvenience, and that it has been difficult to provide for s 3 sudden an increase is not surprising ; but the grtat addition to the number of recipients is indis putable evidence of the advantage gained by the public. The rapid diffusion of intelligence is of the greatest consequence during a period like the present, when trade and prices are so largely affected by political changes. What Churchmen in their discussions on the Education Bill regnxied as a curse, seems to have become a blessing ' to them.. They made no more bitter complaint against Mr. Forster than when he refused to incorporate in his amended measure the privilege of the " year of grace," during which the State would aid in th) foundation of now denominational schools—a provision which was included in the original Government plan. Mr. Forster insisted that the building of all such schools should be commenced before the Ist of January noxt. In most districts the result is much more satisfactory to Churchmen that it would probably have been had longer time been allowed ; for nothing has so stimulated the energies, and excited the enthusiasm of the opponents of the new system, as the shortness of the period allowed them to make it unneces sary. On that point the episcopal eloquence has produced its due effect. The applications on behalf of the new schools have been something enormous. The Privy Council is overwhelmed with them. So exceedingly and unex pectedly large is the sum asked for, that Mr. Forster—who was disposed to be indulgent—declares he will abide by the strictest interpretation of the law, not giving way in one instance. He will not pay more than he is absolutely obliged to do. It is to be hoped, indeed it seems certain, that the School Board elections will give us much better men than now fill the places of vestrymen and guardians of our poor. Of the latter especially one hears little but what Is evil. In one of our western districts a quiet movement was made at the last election to put in a guardian to watch matters. He was returned. Soon after he took his seat, four tons of, coal were brought to his door. They were taken in by his wife, under the impression that he had ordered them. When they had been stowed away, she asked for the invoice. The coalman grinned, and, scratching his head, averred, "We don't send no bills to garjins, mum." It is hardly surprising that the accounts of this board were found so confused that I believe a Poor law inquiry is to take place respecting them. The authorities are displaying one of those intermittent fits of public morality which Macaulay ridiculed so finely. The Alhambra ballet has given place perforce .to monster con certs of the Jullien type, and the can-can dancers have been expelled. An extinguisher has been put on the doings of certain acrobats by warning the music hall proprietors who engaged them that any accident would be visited upon the said proprietors' heads. The soundness of this course is undeniable ; but it is none the less to be wished that the pressure should be a little more consistent. What avails this display of concern for the public interests when the objectionable dancers have migrated in a body to another place of entertainment, where they caper as be fore, and when divers acrobatic performances which yet go on are more disgraceful than those which have ceased ? Moreover, who is to look after the provinces ? It is notorious that the gymnastic performances in provincial towns are far more descreditable than any to be seen in London. There is a good reason for this. Provincial managers cannot Word a costly form of entertainment ; but a man can be found to risk his neck for no great sum, and hence gymnastic horrors become the great resource in the country. Clearly, unless the pressure is to be made equal wad consistent, it Is of little avail to apply it at all. Mr. G. A. Sala haq returned to London after a series of adventures as " special " of a specially lively character. He got into hot water at Metz before hostilities com menced ; he was thrown into prison by the Parigans, and there subjected to the grossest indignities; and, finally, he betook himself, so says the report, to Rome to get the Pope's blessing. Mr. Wood, who was sent out by the Scotsman, is returning, his mission for that journal having terminated. The correspondent who sent the famous telegram containing the account of the surrender of Metz —two columns in length—is Mr. Archibald Forbes. .It will be remembered that he was the first person who entered Metz from the German lines. He received a wound in the leg from a stray shot as the reward of his energy. In general literature there is little or nothing doing, save more books about the war. Re-publishing letters from newspapers is easy writing ; but it would make more easy reading if some time were devoted to consideration, and first hasty impressions corrected by the light of further experience. Dr. Guthrie is about to publish a series of articles in the Sunday .Aragazine, the result of his in quiries into the charities of London. Mr. Mill is to set forth his views on the obligations of treaties, in detail, in the forthcoming number of the Fortnightly Review. In the Emperor's pamphlet on the war, and in all publications on the subject, it is observable that no ex planation is given of the six •days' inaction which followed Woerth and preceded the attempt of Bazaine to retire upon Chalons. Why did he not retire sooner ? Who was responsible for that momentous, that fatal delay ? The answer to this ques tion has hitherto been sought in vain, but I believelt may be given. Napoleon, who still refused to delegate his power fully, was stricken after Woerth with that physical powerlessness which invariably characterised him at a dangerous time. The fact is unquestionable. Napoleon was not a man of action, but of contemplation. The " greenish hue" which overspread his face when critical moments drew near, may not be duo to cowardice, but it represents a state of mind which he has never been able to' overcome. It was the same at Boulogne, at Strasburg, on the occasion of the coup d'etat, at Solferino. Napoleon might scheme, but the actual work had to be done by others. When his share of action came he invariably failed to perform it. This was the case during the mysterious second week of August. Tout pent se retablir said his telegram to Paris ; but all could I be re - established only •by a man of practical energy, and this Napoleon was not. When Woerth was lost he fell into the paralysis which charac terised him at Strasburg. No efforts could rouse him from that state of dreaminess. The hours passed away, the opportunities never returned, and when the unfortu nate Sovereign was hurried away, and Bazaine com menced operations, the Germans were too near to be shaken off. OUR GUNS.—We understand that the committee, of which Major-General Sir J. St. George is president, appointed in July last to carry out comparative trials with a 9-pounder battery of bronze guns, and a battery composed of 12-pounder and 9-pounder breech-loading wrought•iron guns, has reported strongly in favour of the muzzle-loading system for field artillery, thus adding another to the many expressions of authoritative opinion upon this important subject. And yet our field artillery is still armed with breech-loaders !—Pall Gazette. BENEFIT 2Ocalram--A. conference of represen tatives of friendly societies has been held at Halifax, for the purpose of discussing the proposed appoint. ment of a Royal Commission to inquire into the working of such societies. Colonel Akroyd, M.l'., presided, and in the course of some remarks said that if the object of the Commission was simply to obtain information regarding the working of the societies, and not to interfere with their self-govern ment, they should cheerfully welcome it, and give it all the assistance in their power. A pap er on " the present position of friendly societies, and the effect the Royal Commission will have upon them," was read by Mr. J. A. Riley. In a dikussion which followed, the speakers generally expressed themselves favourably towards the Commission. ,GALE ON THE WELSH COAST.—During a westerly gale on Wednesday afternoon, off St. David's, the flat Chester, of Chester, was seen in a disabled state in St. Bride's Bay, her sails being blown away, the main mast gone, and the sea making a clean breach over her. The lifeboat Augusta, belonging to the National Lifeboat Institution, proceeded out to her, and assisted to anchor her in Ramsay Sound, and then took off the crew, who were alarmed, from their perilous position The lifeboat afterwards rendered assistance to two smacks in Ramsay roadstead, and as the vessels seemed in danger of drifting, the crews of five men were brought ashore in the lifeboat. The master of the Chester reports•that he saw a brigantine, apparently in a disabled state, off Bishops, with sails blown away. This valuable lifeboat is the one presented to the National Institution last year by the; Earl 'of Dartmouth and his tenantry. The Aberystwith lifeboat, Evelyn Wood which also 'be longs to the Lifeboat Society, was likewise launched to the aid of a distressed vessel during . the same gale, hut her services were not u lti ma t e ly needed. ME SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 25, 1670. THE EASTERN QUESTION. The Stock Exchange was again influenced in the direction of a fall yesterday. First came the rumour of a split in the Cabinet; then a rbport that un favourable news had been received in St. Petersburg, and had reached London by cypher. This conclusion, a financial authority informs us, was arrived at by the character of the selling. We can only repeat what we said yesterday. A.uy conclusion, either way, would yet be - premature, but the symptoms, such as they are, tell in favour of peace. Stock Exchange move manta are not always the best index to . the course o events. THE IVA_ 11 , THE SIEGE OP PARIS. [BY BALLOON MATLI (From the Correspondent of " The Central Press.") PAms * November 14. The balloon service has been somewhat interrupted of late, and yesterday the first pigeon which has arrived since October 29th brought us news fromthe provinces. It brought us, tOo, the niilfrdlconte intelligence that one of our balloons had been captured by the Prussians. The last two left on Saturday, and in them the Governnient des patched commissioners to purchase large numbers of cattle and collect them at the nearest point to Paris which is clear from Prussians. The Journstl (Wel of to-day publishes a proclamation from General Trochu addressed to the citizens of Paris, the National Guard, the Army, and the Garde Mobile. Paris, he says, has been making efforts which have astonished Europe, which sees rich and poor united in devotion and self-sacrifice, and in immense works of resistance. The enemy is also surprised .at being retained two months before Paris, and seems to abandon his implacable determination to disorganise the Prench nation to the great peril of Europe and oivilisation, It is now generally known that Prussia had accepted the conditions of the Government of Defence for the armistice, proposed by. the neutral Powers, when the fatal day of October 31st compromised matters, and restored the hopes and the confidence of Prussian politicians. Now that our communications with the provinces have been interrupted for some time, the enemy is endea vouring to weaken our courage, and sow dissensions among us by news which originates in the Prussian lines. They must be on their guard against these devices. General Trochu then pro ceeds to summarise what has been done in forming the army inside Paris, and in constructing new artillery. He cannot, he says, enumerate all, but he doubts whether any invaded people, in any time or place, after the des truction of their armies, or any great. besieged city, have opposed a more vigorous moral and material resistance to misfortunes apparently irreparable. He disclaims the credit personally, and says he has merely enumerated what • had been necessary to enlighten those who thought that after the defensive preparations, offensive operations ought to have been immediately begun. The future, says the General, demands a still greater effort, for time presses. But it is also pressing the enemy, and his interests, public opinion in Germany, and the conscience of Europe, press him still more. It would not be worthy of France if the people and army of Paris, after having so energetically prepared for all sacrifices should not shew themselves ready to endure all ex tremities. "Let us," he adds, "unite our ranks in support of the Republic. I have told you the truth as I see , it. I have shewn you it is our duty to regard our difficul ties and dangers in full face, and to summon all our powers to the struggle. If we succeed we shall have de served well of the country. If we fail we shall have bequeathed to Prussia, which will have replaced the First Empire in the sanguinary pomp of conquest and violence along with a taskim possible to accomplish, a heritage of ma lediction and hatred under which the must in her turn suc cumb." This proclamation, which is very long, is gene rally considered to be somewhat diffuse and gloomy. The General is admitted to be devoted, loyal, and patriotic, but rather a pessimist. Some of his colleagues, it is said, wished him not to publish this circular, and he modified it in consequence. _ _ November 16th. The sensation of the day is the appearance in the jour nals of a proclamation, accusing Bazaine of treason, signed Cremieux, Gambetta, Glais-Bizon, dated 30th October, and which was in the Tinges on the following day, from which paper it is now translated into the Parisian press. The outcry will be great against Bazaine by those who are anxious to attribute every disgraceful act to the Imperial Government. But there is a general opinion that everything is exaggerated by Gambetta, and hence neither the accusation against Bazaine nor the news of the vic tory at Orleans has created the sensation whigh might have been expected.. A deputation from the public meeting at the Polies- Bergere has demanded of General Trochu and obtained an audience for to-morrow morning, in order to insist that the plan of M. de Beaurepaire, a captain in the Garde Nationale, who undertakesto traverse the Prussian lines with 12,000 men, shall be carried out. One of the balloons which left last Saturday has fallen into the hands of the Prussians. The news has been brought by five pigeons. The balloon .is named the " Daguerre." Fears are entertained that the sister balloon, carrying photographic instruments, is also lost. The arrival of pigeons, bringing despatches reduced by photography, have, however, relieved thousands of families. A very melancholy incident has just occurred. A large number of persons, as usual, went outside the gates to gather vegetables. Being unmolested by the enemy, they advanced beyond Bondy, when the Prussians suddenly fired on tilem. Two hundred were killed and wounded, some women and children being amongst the number. It is said that M. Bismarck will not allow any more persons to cross the lines. The Belgians, who three weeks since made application to leave Paris, have as yet received no answer to their demand. Within a few days it is expected that it will be impos sible to continue lighting the town with gas. There has been a great. movement of the National Guard to-day. The battalions have profited by the fine weather to march out with arms, baggage, etc., in imita tion of the annual custom of the regular troops during the autumn. The. Civil Commission for constructing in the shortest time 360 cannon, divided its orders amongst twelve workshops. Seventy cannon are already cast, but are not yet completely finished. The pieces for the first battery will be delivered in a few days. The proportion of failures in casting is the same as those given by the statistics of the national foundries. In that of Saint Denis metal moulds have been substituted for those of sand, with excellent results. All the pieces cast in that f Sundry have succeeded. November 18th. A note in the Jcarnal Officiel, declares that the action of the Neutral powers in favour of France, is incessant and energetic. The less need that France has of their intervention, the more they will understand the duty im posed on them by the simple sentiments of humanity and foresight. Determined resistance will extricate France from the present crisis. Yesterday 300 private telegrams were received. They are interesting, as they indicate the march of the enemy. The 300 despatches furnish information from and for three or four thousand persons, as the senders, in the pro vinces, despatched collective telegrams. The review of the war companies of the National Guard, which was to have taken place yesterday, was postponed to give further time for their organisation. It will probably come off on Sun day. It is proposed to make several sorties simul taneously and in force. Should the attempt to open a line of communication fail, it will decide the fate of Paris; should it succeed, the city will hold out. The suspension of information from without is more depressing than the scarcity of provisions. A line of communication open will remove both inconveniences, and all now have made up their minds to make a supreme effort. No journals have reached Paris since the 3rd of Novem ber. The inhabitants consider this a sign of good news, as newspapers containing unfavourable intelligence are permittted by the Prussians to pass. The new cannon were tried yesterday in presence of General Trochu. They are said to have a range of five kilometres, and to be as superior to the Prussian artillery as the rifled cannons in 1859 were to those of Austria. THE FOOD QUESTION. The Paris Temps gives this summary of the provision stock : Beef will fail in a week, horse will then last a fortnight, salt meet a further week; vegetables, dried fruits, flour, &c., about three weeks more. The " Besieged Resident," supposed to be Mr. Labou cher°, who contributes to the Daily News, believes that this flour estimate is understated. If the Parisians are contented to live on bread and wino, the stock of flour, we are told is practically unlimited, and as no attempt is made to prevent its waste in pasty and fancy cakes, I presume that the statement is correct. The same writer observes respecting She meat supply:— " How many oxen and cows there still are I do not know ; a few days ago, however, I couited myself 1,500 in a large pen. The newspapers calculate that at the cora men.cement of the siege there were 100,000 horses in Paris and that there are now 70,000 ; 30,000 will be enough for the army, consequently 40,000 can be eaten. The amount of meat on each horse averages 500 lbs., consequently we have twenty million pounds of fresh horseflesh a quantity which will last us for more than three months at the present rate of the meat consumption. These figures are, I think, very much exagerated. I should say that there are not more than 40,000 horses now in Paris. The Peaks Voitures (Cab) Company has 8,000, and offered to sell them to the Government a few days ago, but that proposal was declined. As regards salt meat, the Government keep secret the amount. It cannot, however, be very great, because it is only derived from animals which have been killed since the siege commencotl. The consumption of strange auirnabi is decidedly on the increase. Cats have risen in the market—a good fat one now costs 10 francs. Those that remain are exceed. ingly wild. These sagacious animals seem to have remarked a murderous intention in the eyes o their former friends. This morning I had a sal mis of rats ; it was excellent—something between frog and rabbit. t breakfasted with the correspondents of two of of your contemporaries. One of them, after ' a certain amount of hesitation, allowed me to help him to a leg of a rat ; after eating it he was as anxious as a terrier for more. The latter, however, scornfully refused to share in the repast. • As he got through his portion of salted horse, which rejoiced in the name of beef, he regarded us with horror and disgust. I remember when I was in Ilgypt that my feelings towards the natives were of a somewhat similar nature when I saw them eating rat. The older one grows the more tolerant one becomes. If ever lam again in Paris I shall eat the national dish whenever I get a chance. During the siege of Londonderry rats sold for 7s. each, and if this siege goes on many weeks longer, the utmost which a person of moderate means will be able to allow himself will be an occasional mouse. I was curious to see whether the pro prietor of the restaurant would boldly call rat, rat in my bill. His heart failed him—it figures as a salmi of game. Tho cbrrespondeut of the Times adds an amusing paragraph to this most important question :—There is a young American lady here, the belle of an ambulance (as this seems an odd expression, let me explain that the drctors, on strictly hygienic principles, encou rage pretty and well-dressed young ladies to visit their ambulances in order to enliven the wards and administer small doses of flirtation to patients), who is just now in the depths of despair about her dog—a splendid Siberian wolf-hound, valued at £lOO in hard cash, and of unappreciable value in the softer coin of sentiment. The authorities have found him out, and declare that a dog which eats two and a half francs' worth of food a day cannot be allowed to live in a besieged town. The wild beasts must, therefore, be in consider able danger. It has been suggested—probably by the same strategist who wanted to have the country all xound Paris strewn with broken bottles to impede the advance of the Prussians—that all the ferocious carnivorous beasts should be let loose upon the enemy ; but who is to doit ? If, like the war elephants of Pyrrhus, they turned round upon their friends, what accidents might not happen even among the married members of the National Guard. It will, per haps, therefore; on the whole, be better to eat them our selves ; and, what with rats, cats (if these have not already all gone), and dogs, it is calculated that the supply of fresh meat will last till nearly the end of this month. There is supposed to be , salt meat for about two months more. THE CAMPAIGN AROUND THE CAPITAL, THE FRENCH PLAN. A correspondent of the Daily News at Orleans writes on the 19th instant as follows :—The army has not advanced yet. The headquarters are at Neuville, about five miles from here. General d'Aurelle is replaced in the command of the Army of the Loire by General de Paliere. General d'Aurelle is appointed commander-in-chief of all the armies out side Paris—generalissimo. I now understand some thing more of their plans, and ultimately they may prevail against an enemy in a hostile country. They are making three lines of entrenched defences, which will be armed with heavy artillery, and easy of defence. The third line is Orleans, which to the north has been powerfully defended by earthworks. The second line, which is, I am told, about Artenay, has been actively prepared by 10,000 workmen, besides the soldiers who worked at it. The first line will be, of course, further up. De Keratry is doing the same thing, and so is Bourbaki. So that, if the French are, which is likely, repulsed in their first simultaneous attack upon the investing lines round Paris, they will fall back upon the first line of de fences, and then prepare to begin again. This is the idea. General d'Aurelle leaving two or three times offered battle to the enemy in front of him, and the enemy not having accepted, the Army of the Loire is going to pass by them, having about 50,000 behind to threaten any army which might wish to get behind it. The report is spread that the Army of the Loire is 100,000 strong; but I think I may venture to tell you that it is nearer 200,000 than 100,000 strong. The artillery is very numerous. The Government have at last thought fit to attach an English officer to the headquarters of the army ; they suggested it themselves. Colonel Reily is here and will follow the army. GARIBALD lAN MOVEMENTS. From Autun, under date November 18, the Daly News correspondent at the headquarters of General Garibaldi writes :—I mentioned in my last letter that a portion of our army kad made a move forward. Part of Menotti's Brigade now occupy positions extending from Epinac to Melly and Saint-Seine, a village of 750 inhabitants, situated on the road to Chatillon-sur-Seine, at a distance of twenty-five kilometres north-west of Dijon. Saint-Seine is so named on account of its being close to the source of the Seine river. Menotti, who had been absent for several days, returned to headquarters this afternoon. Another party of skirmishers belonging to Ricciotti's Brigade oc cupy a line extending from Anton to Saulieu, Semur, and Montbard, celebrated as the birthplace of Buffon. Ric eiotti has with him about 1,000 Franca-tireurs. lam un able to say whether the advanced posts of Menotti's troops are at ISt. Seine, or whether Riceiotti's men have reached Montbard, but in my case they are a considerable distance on the road, and have orders to advance to these points, so that it will be impossible for us to be surprised by the enemy. A third party of skirmishers, under the command of Citizens Ordinaire and Brown, have orders to occupy positions extending from Autun to Chateau-Chinon, Lormes, and Clamecy. The Francs tireurs, under the command of Citizen Brown, arrived here two days ago from the Valley of Thann, on the road to Mulhouse, having very cleverly succeeded in passing through the Prussian lines. The Francs-tireurs de I'Ega lit4, of Marseilles, eight hundred strong, commanded by Citizen Delpbche, are at Epinac awaiting orders, General Garibaldi told me to-day that he does not estimate the troops under his command at more than 8,500 men. We have now two batteries of artillery (12 pieces, calibre 4)—one composed of field pieces, and the other of mountain artillery, similar to what is used in Algeria, drawn by mules. Altogether we are in a far better condition than we were at Dole. At least two-thirds of the men are now armed with either breech-loading rifles on the tabatiere system, Spencer rifles, or Chassepots, and everyone professes perfect confidence in Garibaldi. Small-pox is on the increase in Paris. The week be fore last the deaths from this disease amounted to 419. M. Felix Pyat has been let out of prison by the Paris Government. He says that he rather prefers being there than at liberty, for in his cell he can " forget that he is in a town inhabited by cowards," and devote himself to the works of M. Louis Blanc, which he calls the " Bibles of Democracy." There are in Paris two hundred and forty-three ambu lances, and when the siege commenced, such was the anxiety to obtain a blase, that when a sortie took place, those who brought them in were offered bribes to take them to a house over which the flag of Geneva waved. A man with a broken leg or arm was worth 30 francs to his kind preservers. The German troops seem not to have extended their grasp of the country north of Paris as widely as they have done to the south and east. Lusarches, where a post balloon descended on Sunday, is only nineteen miles from Paris, and the letters conveyed by that medium have been duly forwarded by post to their respective desti nations. The "Besieged Resident," who contributes to the Daily News, says :—Anything more dreary than the boulevards now in the evening it is difficult to imagine. Only one street lamp in three is lighted, and the cafes, which close at 10.30, are put on half-allowance of gas. To mend matters, everyone who likes is allowed to put up a shed on the side-walk to sell his goods, or to collect a crown by playing a dirge on a fiddle. Places of shelter have been erected on the ramparts of Paris, at short intervals, for the National Guards on duty. These places have fires, and are protested over head by a sloping roof of iron bars, strong enough to resist the fall of a shell. Several fatal accidents to National Guards on day are reported in the journals, in most cases caused by falling down the steep fasces of the earthworks. - It is noticeable that the women of Paris hold aloof from all attempt to influence the course of the siege. They seem to consider the whole question a political one, which in no way regards them—they neither urge the men to resist, nor clamour for peace. 2 ros Tyriusque seems much the same to them; a few hundreds have dressed them selves up as vivandieres, the others appear to regret the rise in the price of provisions, but to trouble their heads about nothing else. That- the Germans expect to spend Christmas in or before Paris is shown by a Post Office notice issued at. lerlin on Saturday. It states th a t i n or d er to effect the dispatch of Christmas presents tot the troops — inFraucO the field post parcel service Will be maintained in its pmesent extent till the evening of the Bth of December, RUSSIAN ARMAMENTS. The Berlin correspondent of the Cologne Gazette writes on the 20th instant :—" Some weeks ago I referred to the reports of travellers as to the armaments of Russia, and now it is shewn to what end and with what purpose they have been undertaken. A large number of heavy guns for the protection of Croustadt, and for in:preying, the equipment of the artillery, have been purchased, and now we can understand why no horses whatever have come from Russia within the last year, the market having for• merly been well supplied from that quarter." RUSSIAN OPINION. The St. Petersburg correspondent of the Eastern Budget says that the Government did not seek. to prepare the public, through the press, for 'the decided step it has taken in the Eastern Question. The national prees still mani fests great sympathy for France, and it is generally believed that some previous understanding has existed between Prussia and the St. Petersburg Government. Some indignation has been expressed at the German tone assumed by the Journal de St. Petersbourg, the semi-official organ of Prince Gortschakoff. It is expected, however, that the national papers will change their policy if Prussia displays any intention of assisting Russia in the prosecution of .her schemes. Public opinion will in all probability be opposed to the course indicated by the Russian Government of supporting the dynastic policy of Prussia, and some influential journals which were formerly strongly opposed to Poland now express their readiness to allow any latitude to the Poles rather than enter into an alliance with Bismarck. The Russian Government will, it is said, pursue a Panslavist policy in South Eastern Europe, and the Grand Duke Constantine, who represents the Panslavist ideas at Court, will endea vour to procure concessions for the Sclavonic nationalities. Poland is not likely to render much assistance in the en deavour to place these nationalities under the leadership of Russia, for greater oppression than ever prevails in that kingdom. Russian editors will be sent to superintend the Warsaw papers, for the purpose of advocating the union of the Sclavonians with Russia. Prince Gortsehakoff's despatch receives the epithets "important, bold, and wise," from the St. Petersburg Gazette de l'Acadentie. The Treaty of Parit tiles left Rus sia without defence on the side of the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. That sea could not, since 1856, be called a Russian lake ; it was a Turko-Anglo-French lake. From to-morrow, however, Russia will enter again on its right to keep a fleet in it. The Gazette believes that the demands of Russia will be agreed to without any great disturbance. The consequences of the affair now depend on the wisdom of the other Powers. The Golos also admires the circular of Prince Gortschakoff, but it seems less certain of peace. The circular will tranquillise and rejoice the public, for it will put an end to the exaggerated reports that the whole Treaty was to be repudiated. The Golos says the note has no other object than the preservation and confirma tion of peace. Recalling the various alleged breaches of the Treaty, the paper says, the political changes which have succeeded the Crimean war have changed al together, to the detriment of Russia, the bearing of the Treaty of 1856. The unification of Italy has entirely changed the maritime equilibrium in the Mediterranean ; the Suez Canal has produced a revolution in the relations of Europe with the extreme East. The Cabinet of St. Petersburg now only propose changes that have already been declared advisable by all European statesmen. The Moscow Gazette, a journal of very high position, speaks un favourably of the treaty. A LETTER FROM CONSTANTINOPLE. The Constitutionnel publishes a letter from Constanti nople, dated November 9th, which is curious as shewing that before Prince Gortschakoff's Circular was dispatched the crisis was foreseen in the Ottoman capital. The writer says :—" The despatch which announced the rupture of the negotiations for an armistice has caused great excite ment here, all the more because great hopes were enter tained of the success of the efforts on behalf of peace. The Funds, which had improved, and were at 53, fell yesterday to 50. We are still as far removed from the end of this horrible war which attacks progress, humanity, and civilization. There is much snrprise, and indeed regret, here that Europe does not interpose more ener getically to impose equitable conditions of peace on the belligerents, and does not see the dangerous character which the war assumed after Sedan. We have just received from Odessa a very important piece of news on this sub ject. The population of Odessa has lately addressed a petition tothe Emperor of Russia, asking him to take mea sures to protect the port and town of Odessa from any aggres sion on the part of Turkey, whose powerful iron-clad fleet is a constant menace to the Russian ports of the Black Sea. It must be added that this petition, of which all the com mercial letters arrived here by the last mail speak, was prepared at the instigation of the Cabinet of St. Peters. burg to support Prince Gortschakoff's pretensions, and it is being asked what the Neutral Powers can do in the present state of things to check the tendencies of Russian policy. We are undoubtedly on the eve of great events, a n d if Europe does flat intervene in time to defeat the ambition of King William, the war now pending will have a fatal conclusion on the shores of the Bosphorus. The Turks foresee this, and consequently, since the rejection of the armistice, they are deeply discouraged, and look with terror to the return of General Ignatieff, whom they already call the Russian Bismarck. HUNGARIAN OPINION. The journals of the Deak party are extremely severe with Prince Gortschakoff. The Pesti Naplto says that it cannot and ought not to be permitted that two men should constantly be compromising the peace of Europe. Bismarck and Gortschakoff respect no treaty, however general it may be, hence it follows that Europe is never tranquil. A change must be made in this respect. The Lloyd, of Yesth, without attributing great importance to the Russian demand, declares it to be the more culpable because the St. Petersburg Government could easily attain their object by adopting more suitable measures. It can only explain the Russian proceeding by regarding it as the policy of Prussia transferred to Asiatic policy, and it trusts that in case of necessity Austrian Hungary will know how to defend herhonour and interests by force of arms. The organs of the Hungarian Left though apparently more calm, express themselves in equally resolute language. Russia, says the Hon, take all her neighbours for sick people, but she will do wisely not to reckon too much on their internal conflicts. These conflicts are only struggles in favour• of constitutional liberty, and hardly a man exists who looks for any guarantee of constitutional liberty from the Russian Government. To judge by the Czech journals, however, men of this kind are not as scarce, for the Pokrok, and the Narodin Listy have been praising the arts of Russia and felicitating themselves on the effects they will have on the Sclave races. Mut. ODO RUSSELL'S JOURNEY. Mr. Oslo Russell arrived at Versailles after a journey of seven days. A forty-eight hours halt at Brussels, says the correspondent of the Standard, accounts for a portion of the time so spent, during which a carriage and horses were bought for the further prosecution of his travels and such diplomatic counsels were held as it suits the imagination of each individual to surmise. "Not a little to his surprise, he found that Count ilismarck—for I will presume that to that genial statesman the politeness should be attributed had even at that early stage made preparations for the journey being both agreeable and de void of danger. A Prussian official bad been dispatched to the frontier to escort Englan Assistant Under Secretary of State the entire way to the King's headquarters, and the earliest acquaint ance Mr. Russell made with the condition of war which prevails in fair France was an escort of no Uhlane. As his road lay from Bouillon past Sedan and M6Ares to Boulzicourt, the imposing precaution was perhaps not an idle still, one • one can scarcely translate the presence of so formidable an escort as other than a well-intended compliment." A SHIP IN DISTRESS.—A large St. John's ship, the Plantagenet, Captain Caverock, from Callao, with a cargo of guano, is reported off Kinsale Head with loss of rudder. The news reached Queenstown during Wednes day night by one of John Dawson's pilot cutters.. The powerful tug stbamers Lord Clyde and Lord Elgin were inamecliately dispatched in search of the disabled ship. CAcaisiDlE.—Cacoa nibs on the removal of the oil fall into powder, and this powder is cacaoine. Cactioine contains neither sugar nor any other admixture whatever. Cacaoine makes one of the lightest, thinnest of warm drinks, and is the most de sirable of all for use in the later hours of the day. Cacaolne, by reason of the ingeniqus method by which the oil is removed, pre serves alI the flue natural flavour of cacao Whs.—Prepared only by James Epps and Co., Homeopathic Chemists, 112, Great Rus sell-street ; 170, Piccadilly • and 4B ,Tiireaditeedle-Sbreet ; at their Works for Dietetic Preparations, Euston-road.—.A.Drr. dtt e when the reception of ' parcels will be suspended, 311_4 public are warned that under present chew:0 00 '0 0 transit may occupy a fortnight, or in some 0 4 e three or four weeks. ao A pamphlet by Marshal Ba z ai ne , justifying m''.„, ll at Metz, will be published at Brussels in a few tu`r"' e The tall stately sails, w hi c h f or n o less O r/ f 44 months have been missing, may no w again be see,11:00 the Loire. The arrival at T ours o f a carg° bsl towed by a steamer, was q u it e an e ven t. The r' f "" got very low through drought. tot ior , The French newspape rs are f u ll o f th e Russi 3u(l'l Vo It is a complete God s e n d t o th em a t prese nt. °- 11 ,1 13 0 under pain of a court-martial to publish any Il e ' cs ever, false or true, relating to the army, have been reduced to the greatest difficulties to t papers preceding the arrival of balloons from Tan' I+joa The prisoner of Wilhelmshohe has requesto„ tbe William to have the French Guards interned TO neighbourhood of Cassel. There is every likelintyil l the ex-Emperor desires 'to uphold the spirit a I °l this corps d'elite of his former army in to i lc " f er, order , 10 0 , a restoration of his dynasty. King William , '4O O sheaved his unwillingness to interfere in the inter°' ne reil of France by wisely declining to accede to the PK wish. —Provincial Correspondence. they it to he The Paris Journal state s th a t on th e night of t - na p et of November "the Prussian s , i n num b er about 1- I rpit 15,000, attempted a surprise upon the fort of 15 51 %, $( l6 our soldiers were on the alert, an d a, v i goro us ea° ll lll3 a t la assisted by the fire of tw o mit ra ill euse s, 01'4°1 t 1 enemy to retire. This artillery fi re occurring ; 11 0' middle of the night caused great anxiety to the ar ir:, tants of Grenille, Vaugira r d, a nd o ther neig hb° o6 l places, who had been led to believe that the ben rlo- had at last commenced." In Metz at thi s momen t th e poor a l on e ear n ';d ~ and many of them s eem t o earn a goo d d ea l. The ; o'b ° authorities offer five francs a d a y t o wor king bak er t ; g in ordinary times gain t wo f rancs on ly. A l )°r ; five francs, a stableman fiv e f rancs : i n fact, ri v " f is the lowest sum per day that any one in 111etz se e ' 0 0 dined to accept for no matte r w h a t serv i c es. T il°s ,,re e' the other hand, who do n o t li ve by manua l labou r , 4 0 the saddest possible condition. An official pel l°il V rich, told the Times' c or r e sp on d en t th a t he now ° v i e selling, one by one, the pieces of furniture beloog his house. This gentleman ha s an es t a t e , but the Bev) pay no rent. He has houses, but the tenants den ii meet their engagements. H e h as ra il wa y shares , " C Eastern Railway of France is in the hands of he mans and yields no dividends. t O E I General K4ratry the oth er d a y t r i e d the ef t de theatre at the Conlie Camp, near Le I‘ l3l/s , g , great, immediate, and very prob a bly u lti m ate soece",oor t . private of Mobiles was sentenced to death hi r,oli' martial for insubordination. His pardon, streog 4 'O O cited from Count Kd r at r y, was s t ern ly refuen l t oe November 18th th e wh o l e arm y was d rawn up t° 'P the execution. The drums rolled the death n°t ° ,; ( l o4 culprit received th e l as t conso l a ti ons o f re ligion, 3 " 5t 0 firing party was ready a wa iti ng th e s i gna l. 10 - Itd very last moment General K4 r at r y galloped to the lo and said he had determined to sp are th e man's lif e ', l3 d ‘ th!! that his clemency might not be misint e rpreted, in future discipline would be strictly observed' astounded rebel, thus rescued from the jaws 0f - fit o threw himself at General K4ratry's feet, or fflei feet of his horse. The General said, " Rise up, la and remember that a Frenchman should never g° on his knees." Iroeli for 7 A DARING FEAT.—A daring feat was Pe r 01,., 4 before Paris by a Prussian lieutenant of the naine ° d mann. The young o ffi cer was on outpost duty?' if 9 ; general making the rounds asked him, in a lo be, o ' 4 could not get lim a Paris newspaper, " trl' o st`o answered Hoffmann, and, true to his word, he se i l e the expedition. He and a corporal whom u 0 .4 selected as his companion crept through t' e of outposts on their bellies, until theY,te near a villa, owned and, still in W i re til e the war, inhabited by anEnglish gentleman, Th, e i c V suddenly rose to their feet, right in f ron t o f a Frenegtll, o ,, The picket fired but missed, and ran away. entered the Englishman's house and perenillt, e vpi'j manded a Paris newspaper ; the gentleman was ;, 0 , 4 get rid of his troublesome visitor at so cheap a 1 1 ' oIY the two Prussians made for their posts b e f or e tq was given in the French lines, carrying back ivit,pr their harmless booty, which t urned' out to be the Figaro, with the famous peace article in it. de/ Correspondence. A NEW Foleyor BALLOON.—The idea, eg tr . ' a gant as it seems, of a balloon guided by eagles, i s r 4 have been seriously started i n P ar i s . Experime nts "` actually been made with eagles from the 5,,0rip01 / ,1 Plantes, fastened to a car, in presence of AL i ef Directeur-Gdn4ral des Postes ; M. Chassinat, C h J the Service of the Department of the Seine ;. es Mattel, Principal Receveur ; and, it is said, witl i , i ' c y factory result. From four to six vigorous •to be harnessed to the balloon, and these W ir oe',j guided by an aeronaut by means of a piece of rl ro et` v attached to the end of a long pole, held out in ` . g rit them, which the voracious birds will vainly end o A reach, as it will be always advancing before them- „„r it is desired to change the direction, the conde n "i, si 9 o turn his beefsteak either to the left or to the rie.i i o,l, upwards or downwards, according to whether be dtli e mount or to descend, the hungry birds all the lowing the raw meat with renewed ardour. THE FIGHTING AT DREUX.—TOUChiIIg t tfit' gagement at Dreux, the correspondent of the Danc e s :,o at Versailles, who dates his letter November 19 1 vi r , Li The French were driven out of Dr e ux the day De" .°- :t 9 ' o l terday by the twenty-second Prussian Division, - d is there no longer any body of them near Versailles ° t he e side. We do not hear that guns were captured gagement, probably because the guns were sent to wotil in the almost over-cautious manner w hich 3 0 experience has taught King William's eneulie s c . . o o ° J Orleans,. in October last, there was no Frenel l yeo taken, simply because the said trophies had been 0,,,a away in ample time. Some pieces had been to 3; Arthenay, but there it was more difficult ' () t t ll O when ' the " bolt " must b e ma de. T l° French should have held D r eu x f or so me thl ie tr 4 the six thousand Gardes Mobiles reported to 113 % 8 IP,, r suffered defeat on Thursday is a proof of It or), the Prussians find their task of investment—tilitti` not be everywhere at once—and a proof of how d e l, small force can do in the neighbourhood of 0 1 °,04 well-equipped armies. Th e si x th ousan d Gardes 7,1(1 0 `, could stay for awhil e where th e y were , b u t they pc' find a loophole in the w a ll o f cava l r y ou tp o sts Wel' `ect the Prussian movements. ,ilovLl, THE ENGAGENIENT AT TERGNY.—The 101- . A ll° are the details of the engagement at Terg"Y :th tr commandant of the small garrison of Han], lel laudable design of inuring his recruits to being lino 1 ,1 had sent out a detachment of Mobile Guatils guns in the direction of La Fere. On his e 'i; o rtr o f at the village of Tergny, which was r c p t to be occupied by the enemy, the le e the column sent . for the mayor of the VIVI order to get information from him. The mart asserted that he had not seen a single Prussian, a vt etice his village was free, the French detachment, qi e rf,° pecting any mishap, entered the mai n s treet of iv o in loose order. The whole colum n h a d h a rdly 04 4 e $7 O into it, when from all sides a sh ar p musket*: "„ 0 , 1 40 opened upon them. Every house was full of Pruss,e had converted all the h ouses i n t o as man y redoubtsiortl Mobiles, surprised at so unexpected an attacl'' 1 0 / ' thought of using their arms, and a t o n ce retreated, pe ing a few killed and wounded men on the field. e; succeeded, however, in carrying off thei r 10 1 p When once out of this wasp's nest into 0 1?„, they had been decoyed by the abe il loP e d treachery of a magistrate, with whom I c ed will have a severe account to settle, the column re . Se its ranks, and fighting retired in good order to liar' o rr is the truth about what was reported at the heaa,,cl at Versailles as a serious attempt t o • re li e ve We absolutely guarantee the authenticity of to ° details. coe j `, [ADVERTlSEMENT.]—Holloway'sjeW o o_ able medicine is now acknowledged t o b e the In'„ 04 1 m derful remedy in the world. It acts di rec tly on system, renovating the springs of lif e , and purif t. Y l ic o I blood, eradicating liver cem pl a i n t s , indigestion, 'O O , „I appetite, pain in side, and general debility. D 11 50 104, remedy on which the asthmatic may place the ,„" dependance and obtain perfect restorati o n to healt' o 'bolvji hypochondriac, dyspeptic, and nervous sufferer s „DO W I resort to these invigorating Pills, which are eal 7 0 11i 1) , 0 , converting their despondency and gloom into e il A ts and bringing back those naturally happy thou 0,4 gendered by a good digestion. One trial is all necessary to prove their unfailing efficacy. B~' tUy BIRTHS. On the 23d inst., at Lovelands, Walton-on-the wife of J. W. Ludlain,lEsq., of a daughter. Ale' On the 23d inst., at Crohill House, Dulwich, the Vaughan Pendred, Esq., C.E., of a son. MARRIAGES. ij 0 On the 22d inst., at Edinburgh, George Batters, 5.:00, i 0 Enfield, Middlesex, to Jean Beattie Thomso , daughter of the late Robert Thomson, Esq., a u ~ Eskdale Muir, Dumfries. 'co de ll r On the 22d inst. at St. Giles's, Camberwell, Frpir s 3 A t, fourth son of W. F. Meakin, of Acacia Lodge, to well, to Anne Thomas, second daughter of the Medland, of 95, The Grove, Camberwell. DEATHS. 4 e ,e, On the 23d inst., at Richmond, Surrey, Charles J. 11 Esq., son of the late Sir Thomas N. Reeve. 0 0 On the 22d inst., Samuel Hickson, Esq., of Linda' /1° Highgate, and 20, West Smithfield, aged 63. Nr iondon : Printed by GIDEON ACLAND B° - 1,0 fie No. 112, Strand, Printer, and Published by .;, f Titre Sum Office, No. 112 Strand, in the Pre,ciuct Savoy, in the County of Middlesex. , rritlay, November 25, 1870, NO c e L CItYSL DAY t eethoven's Le, do . Arend( Vile% Herr dame Neruda —Admission ti l, a dmittinl s hould be sec A dmission Concert tivel th is . npalace and rYsanthem waY, and oth A LHAA Manal tANGEMEN Fast and Ma superb and hrilliant Gas ... V ocal and In si nsiclans, cc of the Scots l • °facer). 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'lad of PUI SKIN . gd tio i lbo 172, 3 BIL o r ' tnedia elleet 84, az;, Ladief 38. Gd . 'fad c tile h 4ional