The Sun. — London, England, 1841-08-21 00:00:00

"EVENING SUN A It it ;- GRE BRISTOL, FRIDAY. The Great Western steam-ship, Captain Hos kins, Commander, arrived at King Road, Bristol, this morning, from New York, hav ing made the homeward passage in 12 days, 10 hours. She brings New York Papers of the 7th instant, and about sixty pas sengers. This is the quickest passage ever made between New York and Bristol with the excep tion of a former voyage of the Great Western. The case of Mr. McLeod was attracting consi derable attention, in relation with the change of th e English Cabinet. In the meantime his trial was fixed to take place at Utica on the 19th of September. Opinions were greatly di vided as to the result. Some of our Trans. atlantic Contemporaries, who possess the rat instinct for avoiding falling houses, though far removed from either the danger or the dust, attack the Whigs now that they are quitting office for not adopting a more energetic tone towards the Yankees in M'Leod's case. Still Peace between England and America is pre dicted, not because the lattermill release McLeod in accordance with the law of nations, but be cause England dare not go to war with her in the present attitude of France and Russia! The following are the remarks of the New York Herald—no high authority certainly upon State affairs--upon this subject : The late extraordinary revolution of parties in Eng land, and the accession of Sir Robert Peel and the Con servatives topower, have created a great deal of curiosity and inquiry in this country, respecting the probable issue of the unsettled questions now pending between the United States and Great Britain. These questions are, Ist. The North-Eastern Boundary 2d. The North-Western I3oundary. 3d. The case of the Caroline and M‘Leod ; 4th. The seizures of American - vessels on the coast of Africa. The bearing which the temper and policy of the Peel Ministry may have upon these questions, are highly' im portant at this time, both in a commercial and political point of view. In all the negotiations of late ye,ars between this country and England, it has been evident that there was a sad want of moral courage in the Melbourne Cabinet to take that position which their feelings indicated. They wished peace and harmony with the United States, because they feared that Russia and France were watch ing the moment of rupture with great satisfaction and hope. But the dread of the Tory opposition, and the fear of being charged with truckling to the ".Mo del Republic," prevented them from assuming their natu- Pa position. Accordingly, the policy of the Whig Mi nistry towards this country has been saucy and cringing 1 1 turns. We have every reason to believe that our negotiations With the Peel Ministry will be managed with more promptitude, decision, calmness, dignity, and success. If Sir Charles Vaughan (as supposed) is to be ap pointed in the place of Mr. Fox, who will be recalled, that diplomatist will conduct the negotiations with this 'country with less bluster and bravado than Mr. Fox, but With m o r e amenity, justice, and success. Such we have heard from the best sources—and such we believe. In the mean time M'Leod, it is now ordered, will be tried in Utica, on the 19th of September ; and if every statement is to be credited, an acquittal will settle that .question finally, and leave the Governments to arrange amicably the other points of difference. But, at all events, Sir Robert Peel will never permit any variance l e spring up between England and the United States, *Mist Russia and France occupy their present attitude in Europe. Another panic was felt in the United States Bank Shares. They declined to 14, at which few buyers were to be found. Transactions in aterling bills in Wall-street, on the 7th, for the Oreat Western, were very animated, and firm at 9 per cent. premium. Several extensive failures were anticipated, some of them of houses largely engaged in mercantile transac . tons with this country. The cotton trade was doll, and the crop expected to be very abund ant this year. The following are extracts from the papers : THE LATE MEASURES IN CONGRESS. The apathy which exists in the public mind, while Congress is busy passing its five celebrated financial mea sures, does not surprise any one acquainted with the Condition of the country, or the progress of good sense. If these measures had been in the same process of de bate in 1837 that they are now, the whole community Would have been in a paroxysm of excitement on the arrival of the news each morning. Now the matter is all changed. The great mass of the business community are a ..in a state of repose. They care not what Congress be They are regardless of banks, loans, or lands. y have long since seen the folly of expecting any guod to' trade and commerce from the schemes of poh• ucians and President makers. The principal interest, therefore, felt about the move ments of Congress, is seen among he speculators, stock jobbers, and their agents from Europe. Among that Small class, including perchance the office-seekers, there 48 a great deal of curiosity and doubt felt towards the President They are not sure of him—hence the half eastaings, half-denunciations of that portion of the news- Pateer press in the stock jobbing interest. Yet this apathy towards these measures ought not to exist. They will, if all passed, become the groundwork of foundeda new system—a fresh union between politics and finance, on principles that operate very unequa ll y u p on 4, great mass of the nation. What are those measures ? e have already enumerated them-Ist, a new Bank ; Id , a Bankrupt Law ; 3d, a new Loan • 4th, a Revenue a W ; sth, Distribution of the proceeds of the :public ,ads. The character of all these measures i s broadly enough stamped upon their face. They . are ! , entical and homogeneous, and present one of the lanest pieces of machinery for taxing the poor for the benefit of the rich—for taking away the property of the real owner, and giving it to the speculator—that ever was devised. The revenue law will increase the price of the poor man's coffee, tea, and other necessaries, in Order that the magnificent London stock jobbers may save the money they have loaned to the States. The stocks of several of the States may be aided a little, but very little—in the ratio of three—while the poor man's k lix is increased in the ratio of eight. Other branches of this singularly constructed financial system have other effects. The money of the capitalist will be sought for, raid got, in order that it may be borrowed by the specu tor just escaped through the bankrupt law. LiSuch -being the general character of the new system, L t lllay be asked, " Ought it to pass?" " Oh I yes, cer ,l"4lY." It is a fresh exper iment —a new ex p edient—a map combination between politics and banking — and we . 4 Y as well submit as not. It won' t last four y ears, 'nut's certain. vessel arrived at New York from the Havannah, b A tings intelligence of the failure of the house of Hopper, "eiderm a n, and Co., of St. Jago de Cuba; the liabilities of th e concern are said to be very large. The yellow fever Continued to rage with unmitigated violence in the Ha vannah. There is a defalcation in the New Orleans Canal Bank to a very large amount. (From the New York Herald of Aug. 7.) MONEY MARKET. FRIDAY, AUG. 6. SIR P.M. This has been bill day for the Great Western, which takes her &Tarture to-morrow. The tosisactions in Sterling bills were very animated, and closed Irm at 9 per cent. prem. The demand is mostly for remittarire on account of Illinois and Pennsylvania interest, which 1:1 1 1 due on the Ist inst. The supply of bills is by no means l aige.,_ A fair p ro p ortion are Canada and Southern bills, 'i'ge amounts of whic h, p articularl y Bank of Mobile , en dorsed by J. J. Palme r, have been sold b y the house o f 'atrunann, -Whitehouse, and Co., at 9 per cent. French bills sell at 5 25 to 5 271- dollars ; Amsterdam, 39i- to 40 ; 11 8 : 111 ,,,, : bu tg, 35i to 34 ; Bremen, 77f to 771. Some ther-` will be shipped at these rates. In this state of bill market we see the effects of the borrowing system. The demand for bills on mercantile account is not greater t han would be readily supplied by legitimate bills, with out resort to specie. Just at the close of the year, how ever, produce bills are nearly exhausted. The demand to pay interest, or tribute, to England, for the sums she lent to feed former extravagance, raises the prices, and carries off the coin, not to be returned in the shape of goods, but without an equivalent ; and this is the case to the extent of ten to twelve million dollars yearly, a most severe tax upon our industry. State Stocks have been declining in value for the last thirty days, although but very small transactions have taken place. A large sale of the Stocks of the different State s has been advertised for Monday next on account of the free banks. This may have had some effect upon the market. The following is a table of the rates of recent transactions compared with those by the last Packet : SALES AT WHICH THE LATEST TRANSACTIONS IN STATE STOCKS HAVE TAKEN PLACE. July 16. Aug. 6. New Yord State Canal 5 ... 1858 66 Ne w York Canal (new) 6's ... 1860 ... par cc 44 16 5 ... 1845 ... 93 - 11‘ 5% ... 1858 ... 9 1 % a 92 4%... 75 aBO city water 5 85 aB6 6 . . 1870 ... 56% a 57 52a54 6 ... 1860 ... 55% a5B 54 5 ... 1860 ... 53% a 56 55% 5 .. s!erling ... 55% ... 55% 6 .. 1864 ... 94 ... 93% 5 ... 1850 ... 82% 6 ... 1856 ... 95 ... Term e ", 44 * K . cut u c k y cc • 6 ... 50 years... 85 aB7 ... 85 'Arkan sas 6 ... 1868 ... 57a 69 .. 56 a6O Pennsylv an i a 5 .. 1858 ...77a78... 78 I :reasury Notes 6 .. . a * 'J. States Stock, $500,000 5 2 5 after 1844... Tar " " $1,000,000 5% " 1844... par Indiana has not been able to do anything further in Tegard to the payment of her interest. Pennsylvania, as we mentioned before, has met hers by squeezing it out of insolvent banks. We would take this occasion to remind our English readers, that many of the statements published in theW all street papers on the eve of the departure of a boat fir England, are manufactured expressly to produce any e feet favourable to the parties interested there. The New Illinois Intl:ana L ) • f YorklAmerican is supported avowedly for thispurposc, and ‘4- ! 4e have only to refer to the public!ttions in those prints r,r Ewri p NT" :ist fall and winter, in referatice to the United St: ,4 ,es • L. • Bank and State Stock, to make the suffering stockholder aware of the truth of our assertions. A system has been long practised of manufacturing public opinion in this way. The London Morning Chronicle has been the tool and echo of these persons on the other side, and the ruin and misery of thousands of innocent individuals has been the result. We trust the statements of those papers will be received with proper caution. Up to this moment nothing definitive has been received from Washington in regard to the Bank Bill. Letters received from very high authority state that the chances are stronger now than ever that the Bank Bill, Revenue Bill, and Land Bill will all fail ; they hang one upon the other, and it is known that the President is opposed to all three under existing circumstances. He has taken strong ground, and is not easily to be moved. It is within the limits of possibility, however, that he may be induced to sanction all three. The probabilities are, how ever, that they will all fail, and Congress adjourn next week amid a general explosion of the dominant party, and break up of the. Cabinet. In a mercantile point of view, it is much to be hoped that the Bank Bill will fail, and for many reasons. if the bank should be chartered, two or three years of distress and confusion, attendant upon its going into operation, will be inevitable, and ' after having got under way, its movements will be of very doubtful utility. It will be a constant bone of con tention between political parties. Already the demo cratic party have raised the standard of repeal, and that object will be pursued with all the unity, of purpose, energy, and perseverance that have ever distinguished them. - The The Supreme Court of the United States, as now con ' stituted has a majority that have repeatedly declared themselves opposed to a National Bank on the question of constitutionality. With these facts before it, it is in vain to contemplate any return to that state of repose and steadiness in financial affairs, which alone insures security to property and prosperity in commercial affairs. It is in vain to deny the fact that the great mass of the ' American people are deadly opposed to the monopoly bank. On this question of a bank, General Jackson was triumphantly returned at his second presidential elec tion. On this same question Martin Van Buren was ele vated to the Chair of the Chief Magistrate pledged to carry out the views of his predecessor. 'With these facts ' before him, President Tyler, in his Message, stated that the people of the United States had twice condemned a national bank ; and now, whether President Tyler ap proves or disapproves of a new bank, ,the projectors of such a concern may find that the will of the American people may yet prevent it from going into peaceful operation. On the other hand, should the bink not be chartered, what will be the result ? Why, business must go on to increase on a cash basis, as it has for the last four years, undisturbed by any new financial power. The Southern banks, as they already show indica tions, must resume, and exchanges and the currency be restored simply by that operation. The new bankrupt law, although it does not include banks, will, in its operation sweep out a large portion of bank assets, and compel them to close their affairs simply by deprivinc , them of all show of resources. This operation will be gradual and inevitable, and will not disturb the course of business that has, during the past four years assimi lated the policy of the late Administration. The operation of the Bankrupt Law is to be dreaded. Some of those who have interested themselves most in procuring its passage, estimate the number of bankrupts at 500,000, and that they hold 1,000 dollars average of property each. The law is to go into operation Nov. 1, when application will be immediately made by these per sons, and property to the extent of 500,000,000 dollars will change hands in the course of the next ensuing two years. This may make a fearful cbange, and the creditor who realizes 1,000 dollars under the law may find his other property depreciated 2,000 dollars by the opera tion, and himself, in consequence, swelling the large list of bankrupts. CANADA. We have received accounts from Canada, of some in terest ; to the 3d from Montreal, and to the Ist from Kingston. dOvernor Sydenham, it seems, has great difficulty with the Provincial Parliament ; and it is probable that, in consequence of the state of parties, all his principal measures will fail. His bank scheme has been negatived in a Committee, although re-considered next day. It is supposed, however, that this state of things has been produced by the revolution in England. The Ca nadian people expect a new Governor from the Peel Ministry, and hence their reluctance to do anything till they know how the wind blows. M'Leod will be tried at Utica on the 19th of August. The Canadian papers are now quiet on this case ; but it is supposed that some of the Canadian patriots on this side of the frontier are preparing to make a demonstra tion in the event of his acquittal. Four or five field pieces have been stolen recently from the public arsenals at Auburn and other places. This is considered a bad omen. The following are extracts : _ " MONTREAL, AUG. 3. "PARLIAMENTARY PROCEEDINGS.--::We have the satisfaction of announcing that business is steadily work ing its way through both Houses. Reports and reso lutions are as rife as speeches of Honourable Members. Bills for facilating the advancement of agriculture, commerce, travelling, litigation, and for the increase of all other desirable luxuries, are getting impelled through their different stages by the high. pressure ex ertions of our legislators. In the Assembly Mr. Day's Bill for the establishment of a Provincial Board of Works, and that of Mr. Harrison for the Naturalization ofAliens, have both passed their third reading, and been sent to the upper house. The Court of Requests Bill has passed through its second reading amidst opposition. The Census Bill and Municipal District Bill have been post poned. Mr. Harrison has introduced a Bill to regulate the disposal of the public lands on a new system. An other bill of Mr. Harrison's for purchasing the private shares of the Welland Canal Company was discussed in Committee on its second reading. " The Government Bank of issue scheme, submitted to the Currency Committee was at first rejected by them ; but on the following day, being reconsidered at the desire of Mr. Simpson, who had been absent from the last meeting, it was carried through Conimittee by the cast ing vote of the Chairman, Mr. Aincks, the division being 7 to 7." REPORT of the Great Western, Lieutenant Hosken, R.N., Commander, sailed from New York on the 7th of August, and arrived at Bristol on the 20th of August. August 7, 3 P.m.—Passed American ship Frankfort, off Sandy Hook, bound eastward. August 8, 2 P.M.—Exchanged colours with American ship Columbus, lat. 40 deg. 10 min. N., lon. 69 deg. 40 min. W., becalmed, head to the S.W. August 10.—Exchanged colours with her Majesty's schooner, standing southward, lat. 41 deg. 30 min. N., lon. 60 deg. 20 min. W., showing telegraph " 3," under Union Jack. REMARKS. August 7, P,31.-At lb. 30m. passed the Battery ; 3h. 30m. pilot left, outside the Hook ; light breeze and fine weather. Wind S., variable. August R.—Light airs ; at times calm ; short head sea. Variable, calm. August 9.—Light airs ; at times calm ; short head seas. Calm, westerly. August 10.—Light breezes and fine ; light southerly swell. Westerly. August 11.—Moderate and cloudy, with rain ; light breezes ; fog at times. Westerly, variable. August 12.—Calm and hazy ; moderate breezes ; rain and fog at times. Calm, S. westerly. August 13.—Light breezes and foggy ; long northerly swell ; breeze freshening, and rain at times. W.N.W., „ . August 14.—Fresh breezes, and dark cloudy weather ; moderated to light breezes, and hazy, with rain at times. W.S.W., variable. August 15.—Light breezes, and dark cloudy weather ; light breezes and hazy, with rain. N. easterly, variable. August 16.—Light ; increased to moderate breezes, and cloudy ; fresh breezes and cloudy. N. westerly, westerly. Aug;st 17.—Strong breezes, and fine weather ; sq c . q.lly, and dark cloudy weather ; westerly swell. S. wester..v• _ _ August : I .! 3 . — Strong breezes, and hazy ; at times fog. S.S.W. August 1 9.—Fresh breezes and hazy ; at times fog ; at 4 A.m. passed Cape Clean ; 0 P.M. took a pilot off Lundy. S.S.W. August 20 . —Moderate breezes, a.nd fine. Easterly. The passage was made in twelve days two hours to Lundy, and twelve days ten and a half n6: , 0 to King road, time commencing on leaving New York. LIST OF PASSENGERS, Miss Lucas and servant ; Captain Duffill, R.N., Lieu tenant 11. Crawford, Rev. B. Chase, Mrs. Play-ter, F. Von Rapff, N. M. Echerm an , M . de Salavar, R. Reinkin, M. Steinbrenner, D. Fihnman, N. L. Duff, F. Derby, C. Mr. Linac e , M r. L ee, Mr. D un l op, Urbach, R. Heath, Mr. Stone, Mr. Balfour, Mr. Lyeun, W. Rathbone, IL W. Livingston, Henry Rogers, E. Bradford,.G. Toly, E. C.' Delius, L. A. Boner, Jr. Turnbull, F. Rodewold, Thomas Cole, Colonel and Mrs. Ross, and servants ; Lieutenant Wilder, R.A., Mr. Whiteside, H. Kerr, Mr. Power, L. Brierwith, M. Azeranem, H. Goinden, H. A. Duckworth, James Hadwin, S. James, S. S. Smith, A. Anthoine, R. Burge, A. Amy, G. Hollands, S. Williams, S. Jones, S. Hill, J. Shipley, Mr. Fearing, W. Fearing, M. y. Parifee,. S. E. Distreil , B. F. Macquirman, S. d, W. A. Dawson, Mr. a M n i d c CllattGs, and two servants.F.lV THE REGISTRATION. —It should not be for gotten that 'Wednesday, August 25, will be the last day for leaving with the overseers objections to county electors. The Tories bestow much attention on those matters ; and the friends of Reform should not suffer themselves to be surpassed by their political adversaries. COMMISSION OF ASSEMBLY.—We under. stand, from authority, that it is not the intention of those Members of the Church who adhere to the Protestation of Dr. Cook at last General Assembly, to attend the special meeting of the Commission summoned for the 25th of August.—Edinburyh Courant.' LORD 111011PETH.--TO the Editor of the Dublin Monitor :—August 16, 1841. Sir, I see that a friendly correspondent in your paper has done me the honour to suggest that an Irish constituency should now return Lord Morpeth voluntarily and unsolicitedly.' I have had such recent experience of the extent of Irish kindness and generosity, that there is, perhaps, less pre sumption in supposing it possible that the hint might be acted upon ; and I am, therefore, constrained to repeat whatl have already stated elsewhere, that it is anlionour, however signal and gratifying, of which I should not be prepared to avail myself. I have the honour to be, Sir, your very obedient servant, lloitrETH." Ohi o TAI F, SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY, AUGUST 21, 1841. NEWS FROM CHINA I(From the Kew ter : / „, t i n r ..Vu! - ;. 5.) The ship Akbar, yrYtereary , morning, direct from Canton, after a hun dred and nine days. She therefore brings intelligence of about one fortnight later date than that we have received via England. We were informed by our last accounts that the Joint ' Commissioner Yang had, in consequence of a treaty concluded with Captain Elliot, the British Commis sioner, issued a proclamation, authorising a renewal of the trade, and enjoining the people of Canton to return. From Captain Dubaresq, Canton papers, and private let ters we now derive the following intelligence After the forts had been captured, Canton was 61e serted by all the inhabitants who could leave it, carrying with them their families, property, and merchandize. To prevent it being occupied by the English, and the whole province becoming disorganised, Commissioner Yang concluded the treaty above alluded to, although directly opposed to the instructions of the Emperor. It is stated that as a condition of this treaty Capt. Elliot agreed that the usual duties should be paid until the questions at issue between the two Governments were settled at Pekin. Pilot chops were forthwith granted to all ships requiring them, the people at Canton commenced returning to their homes, and the silks and teas were brought back which had been removed to the interior. This latter intelligence, which we derive from private letters, does not exactly agree with the accounts of Cap. tain Dubaresq, who states that when his ship left Can ton, China-street and the business part of the suburbs were deserted, shops closed, and scarcely any one to be seen. Certain it is, however, that the Hon , merchants were at Canton continuing their business with foreigners, who are loading and despatching their vessels. It may be that, though business was thus resumed, the people were unwilling to return to their usual places of resi dence, in the vicinity of the British factory, and that therefore matters in that neighbourhood still bore the appearance represented by Captain Dubaresq. On the 7th of April, about ten days before he sailed, the situa tion of things in Canton was at any rate favourable, as appears by the following official document : " H. M. S. Sulphur, Macao Roads, April 7, 1841. " I am commanded by. Sir Le Fleming Senhouse, se nior officer, to communicate to the British merchants at Macao that he found everything at Canton satisfactory in relation to the trade, and all going on in harmony, with trifling exception. " That he has left a strong force, and made the most cautious arrangements to rescue our countrymen at the factory, and our ships at Whampoa, from any at temn unexpectedly made by the Chinese. " I have the honour to be, &e." " EDWARD BELCHER, Commander of her Majesty's ship Sulphur. " ' To the Commercial Community at Macao.' " Messrs. Thigh and Toole, mates of her Britannic Majesty's ship Blenheim, and Mr. Field, late chief of ficer of the schooner Snipe, were murdered near the Nine Islands. The body of Mr. Field was found much mangled. The other two bodies were not yet recovered.' " Captain Elliot was at Canton, protected by a mili tary guard. Four men-of-war are stationed in the Macao passage, above Canton ; three a few miles below, and six at Whampoa, where they will remain to ensure the safety of foreigners, and to check any treachery on the part of the local authorities. The other vessels are at the Bogue, Macao, and Hong Kong. It appears that hen the imperial Government re ceived information of the treaty concluded by Keshen— who, we believe, was the successor of Lin, and the pre decessor of Yang, with Captain Elliot, the following edict was issued, and three Imperial Commissioners (one of them a nephew of the Emperor) were ordered to Can ton to carry it into effect, two of whom reached there in time to witness the success of the British arms, and to sign the truce and sanction the temporary trade as agreed to by Yang. (From the Canton Register, March 3). _ On the 10th of the second moon (March 2) the Crimi nal Board received the Imperial will, as follows : " Keshen, the Governor-General of the two Kwang provinces, has trifled with the laws and brought in the rebellious barbarians : his conduct involving the high crimes of deceiving and being a traitor (to his Prince and country). " When the exterminators—the deputed great minis ters—arrive in Canton, let them immediately seize from him the seals ; and place under control and examination all his family and nearest relatives. "Let the males be instantly forwarded to the capital for strict trial, and as they are sentenced be delivered over to the criminal board for punishment. Those who have received the wealth and goods of the rebellious barbarians, and secretly transmitted them to their fami lies, let the said Ministers seal up their goods, &c., and send in a report and list. " The duputed officers must not be guilty of any con nivance in opposition to the laws, and ungratefulness of my Imperial favour. As to the officers who are vic torious, they shall be distinguished. All may rely upon my Imperial intentions." In addition, it is said, the most warlike preparations are making by the Chinese. Cannon of extraordinary calibre, but which in use will not prove very formidable, were east. A large and increasing Chinese army was encamped outside Canton, and the whole empire exhi bited such a scene of military preparation as had not been known since the time .of the Taars. Major-General Sir Hugh Gough arrived on the 2d of March, as Commander-in-Chief of the land forces. Sir Gordon Bremner, who we knew was gone to Bengal for reinforcements, was expected to return about the Ist of June, when the fleet would go north again, to make another demonstration upon the capital, Pekin, which would appear to be the sole channel through whichl a de finitive arrangement can be concluded, for the Commis sioners of the Government only seem•to make treaties, which are, one after the other, disavowed. The accounts we have from Calcutta represent the reinforcements to be sent forward as very considerable and preparing with great activity. The loss of the Chinese in the various engagements was estimated at 2,500 or 3,000 men and about SOd pieces of cannon. The Chinese Admiral Kewang fell in defence of the Bogue forts, as did two other manda rins of high rank. The Captain of a British transport, arriving at Chusan after the surrender of that island to the Chinese, was slain on landing. The day after the fall of the Bogue forts rewards were offered for the cap ture or destruction of British ships : 100,000 dollars for a line-of-battle ship, 10,000 dollars for a steamer, 50,000 dollars for the Admiral, or Captain Elliot if taken alive, and 30,000 dollars for either of their heads. The following is Captain Dubaresq's report of the state ,of the market, to which we add, from private sources, that the Leonidas, which had sailed for Boston, is partly loaded with teas taken in at Macao. The Horatio has also a full cargo. The teas by the Akbar are rather better than the average cargoes coming out. Three ves sels were loading for the United States when the Akbar Teas were high and scarce. The Hong merchants would deal only for cash, and insisted on being paid before the teas were delivered. It was believed that the arrangement for trade could not last long, and that the foreigners would be again compelled to leave for Macao. Green teas were very scarce in market, having been kept back and large quantities, sent away when the Bri tish approached the city. The current report on the 26th of April was that the Chinese Government had laid an embargo on 01 boats, intending to use them for the conveyance of troops. The Akbar left the following American vessels at Whampoa :—Whale ships, Eber, Preble, Lowell, Narra gansett, Hamilton, Splendid, Oneida, ienohasset, Su matra ; and brig Argyle, barque Florida, at Macao. Ship Leonidas sailed for Macao on the 21st of March, and Horatio from Whampoa on the Ist of April—both vessels bound for New York. The American ship Unicorn, from Manilla, and Leo nidas from Macao, passed Anjier on the sth of May, bound to Boston— the latter for New York. On the 4th of June, off the Cape of Good Hope, lati tude 30 south, and longitude 27 east, the Akbar expe rienced a most violent gale of wind, with a tremendous sea, and at midnight, while under close-reefed top-sails, a sea struck the rudder and broke the tiller, and before the • piece could be got out of the rudder, and another tiller shipped, it was upwards of thirty minutes, and during that time the ship lay in the trough of the sea; which was making a thorough breach over her, stove the bulwarks in sundry places, and washed away the starboard quarter boat. The foretopmast staysail blew to pieces, and the ship has sustained much damage. On the 20th of June, latitude 34 south, longitude 17 east, spoke the barque Eugene, Capt. Whitney, from Calcutta, bound to Boston. (From the Canton Press.) MACAO, APRIL 10.—CANTON MARKET.—The Hong and tea merchants will deal for cash only, and persist in being paid for the teas before they are shipped. This caution probably arises from the distrust in the present state of affairs, and for the want of credit of the Hong :merchants with the tea merchants, the latter being un willing to trust them with their property. No sales of ni.lnufactures have yet been made, as far as we have heard ; riA)ody will even look at them, and in consequence several ship; laden with them have not applied to be secured by the Hong merchants, in order not uselessly to incur the duty. The prices of tea are full thirty per cent. higher than last season ; for the lowest cargoes 25 taels are asked, and 36 to 38 for the best of green teas—very few or none in the market, most of them not having come down from the country, and many having been sent away from Can ton when the British approached it. For twankey 26 taels were asked •, we cannot quote other descriptions. A good many chop boats have been sent to Whampoa, and several ships are discharging, We have not, how ever, yet heard of any ship being actually loading. The holidays having delayed the issue of our paper, we are still enabled to add to the above some further particulars from the letters received last night from Can ton, dated the 7th. Her Majesty's Plenipotentiary had had an interview with Kvvang-thou-100 at the British Hall, but we know not what passed there. Capt. Elliot is endeavouring to obtain a reduction of about one tael per picul on the export duty of tea, and has had some correspondence and interviews with the Hong merchants on the subject, We have not heard whether he is likely to be suedess ful. 'The discharging of ships was being proceeded with, and some chops had been granted far shipping teas, The green teas, it was said, were not coming down, on ac count of Government having embargoed all the boats for the transport of troops. We only hear of one sale of ma nufactured goods, viz., 20,000 pieces long cloths at the low price of 3 25. The unwillingness to buy continues, and without making offers. Hong merchants talk of very low prices-10 tad for cotton, 8 dol. for long ells, 1 25 for Spanish stripes, &c. Since our last advices some of the ships have again been moved nearer Canton, and the Modeste has anchored nearer to the factories on the other side. A detachment of marines has also been quartered in the British fact, ry, which, 'for the present, gives complete security to th ? merchants. It is said that the different warlike operations of the British since the taking of Chuenpee and Tycocktow have thinned the ranks of Chinese soldiers by 6,000 men, - of*‘l)4 ,, il Gne-thud may iu-t their live, r two-thirds have desei'tc.l. The. preferred by . the 'Li-0.-Governor or Canton against Keshen were eight in number. It is said that Keshen has been executed, but the report needs con firmation. The Emperor has disclaimed the cession of Hong Kong, and has issued a p roc l ama ti on f or the extermina tion of the English. Several villages near Whampoa4mve been attacked by Ladrones, and partly burned. The Mandarins commenced removing their goods and chattels from Canton on the 2d April. WHAMPOA, APRIL s.—Arrived the Eliza, M'Carthy, from Calcutta and Singapore ; 7, Laidmans, from Sin=• gapore ; 8, Sumatra, from Manilla ; 9, Amazon, from Bombay. The Ivanhoe, from Liverpool, has arrived at Manilla. Her letters were brought on by the Sumatra. Expected.—The Lintin, from Madras. At Whampoa, April 15, Eben Prebel, Lowell, Narragansett, Lema, Hamilton, Argyle, north:), Oneida, Splendid, and Su matra. Sailed March 31, Leonidas, for New York ; Falcon, for Singapore ; Sylph and Rob Roy, ditto ; 13th,. arrived the Joseph Peabody, from Manilla. SOME EFFECTS OF THE MANU FACTURING SYSTEM. I (No. I.) TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Manchester, August 17. Sin,—So much has of late been said by the Tory journals about the frightful effects of our manufacturing system, that you will allow me, I hope, to make a few observations per contra. I by no means intend to point out all its effects, but merely a few which have struck me, and which are likely to interest the public. At present, as you are well aware, Manchester is far from prosperous ; and many of the labouring classes, particularly the hand-loom weavers, are in a most piti able condition. I am assured by those who have known Manchester many years that within their memory trade, was never so bad as at present, nor distress so great. At the same time it is a remarkable circumstance, that this distress does not obtrude itself on our notice in the hateful form of squalid street beggary. You see groups of people in the streets with th e ir hands in their pockets; they are waiting for work to be given out, or they have nothing to do. They present the lamentable spectacle of willing and strong hands ready to be employed, and no man wants them. You see, a very striking feature of society here, knots of working men discussing_subjects in the street in the middle of the day, and at all hours of the day ; and if you press in among those groups you find that the topics are either political or religious. There is a want of work and a want of wealth, and there is intellect in operation reasoning on the cause of it ; but these are no beggars. I have seen more beggars in one short hour in your prosperous metropolis than I have seen in Manchester, though I have walked much about the streets, in threedays. This is a very curious fact, and the explanation ap pears to me honourable to the people and the system. On mentioning the subject to a friend, he accounted for it by the vigilance of the police, and the care of the mu nicipal authorities. But in other places mendicity societies a vigilant police, and the utmost care of the magis trates do not suffice to extinguish street beggary. I am, therefore, persuaded that the power not the will of the authorities is much overrated, and that unless the , correction of the evil sprung from the manners of the , people, it would be impossible by any coercive means, in a season of great distress like the present, to prevent much street beggary. The ministers at the Anti-Corn law Conference, have afforded a much more satisfactory solution of the difficulty. Not one only, but several of them, whose congrega tions are composed of manufacturers, have borne a de lightful and a strong testimony to the independent spirit of the working population, and their kindhearted ness to one another. The records of the Poor-law Com missioners attest the fact, that in the manufacturing dis tricts the Poor-rates, especially in Manchester and Liverpool, never reached the same pitch as in the southern agricultural districts. The hand-loom weavers and others of the suffering classes, though they have now been exposed to great privations for many years, have never had their independent spirit broken down by paying wages out of rates, or establishing a general system of pauperism, such as that which has depraved so shockingly the peasantry of the South. Even now, after struggling in vain against the system which bears them down as ruthlessly, as the Indians were extirpated by a different and a stronger race, the hand-loom weavers seek relief in emigration, rather than in the poor-house. Here the poorer classes have yet some power as well as the will to help each other, and it is much to their honour that you see not scores of beggars, who, as I know, render the agricultural districts of the South neither a pleasant nor safe abode. Has this independent spirit no connection with cotton spinning or with that go-ahead system which prevails here, and which some persons are anxious to check ? For many years the new trades which arose and in creased—(and I shall hereafter call your attention to a remarkable and very recent instance of this)—de manded new hands, and till our fiscal reg u l a ti ons stopped the growth of our manufactures, gave the la bourers here an advantage in relation to capitalists, and enabled them to command high wages, if not their own terms. No such demand has existed for the services of agriculturists. On the contrary, the demand for their services has been lessened ; they have in consequence been completely at the mercy of the farmer and the landowner, which has contributed even more than bad laws to their permanent degradation. This comparative want and comparative plenty of employment in 'the con ditions of society arc necessary and permanent. The prosperity of the manufacturing artisans made them re gard that relief as a degradation which the peasantry, from its being mixed up with their wages, considered to be a right as honourable as the receipt of rent or tithes. That prosperity, too, was the parent of the spirit of in dependence, and th e ma i n element o f t h at res i stance which they now offer to the degradation which impends over them, and enables the Magistrates to prevent ex tensive beggary. But for this noble disposition of the people, which raises, as one of the Dissenting minis ters at the Conference said, our estimate of human nu ture, Manchester would in such a season of distress as the present probably be worse than London, and as bad as Ireland. The peasantry, so idolized by the Tories, were not exposed, in 1829 and 1830, to one-half the pri vations which now afflict the population of the manufac turing districts, and they were hurried into ill-concocted, and stupid, baseless, incendiary riots. These facts are corroborated by the Report of the Hlnd-loom Weavers' Commission ; and they suggest—which is a cheering view, as our own and manufacturing population seem destined to increase— that the manufacturing system may possibly teem with similar moral results. The manufacturing labourer, for example, continually associates with his fellows, and his sympathies aro continually exercised. He works with another, and both are mutually and visi bly dependent and serviceable. Throughout this great community it is palpable to all, that no branch of indus try can be profitably continued, and no individual profit ably occupied. for an hour, if other branches are arrested, and other individuals cease to labour. The mutual de pendence of individuals who, in the same factory, pass a piece of work from one to another to complete it, is not more palpable and certain than the mutual and re ciprocal dependence of the machine•maker, the cotton spinner, and the dyer. Circumstances like these make the manufacturing population mindful of the feelings of each other, and prompt to respect them, which is the very essence and sum of moral civilization. It practi cally teaches the lesson of doing to others as you would be done unto. The peasant more frequently labours in silent solitari ness than in company. Driving a cart, mending a hedge, holding a plough or a harrow, he is alone, and has no opportunity of communicating with his fellow-men. His sympathies are not called into exercise through the greater part of the day. He is, then, an approximation to a solitary savage, independent of all but his oxen and his horses. He can fulfil his allotted task, as far as he sees, though another be idle. Hence the agricultural labourer is less acquainted with the feelings of others, and more essentially selfish than the manufacturer. Division of labour, which is one of the chief causes of the progress of civilization, or at least invariably accom panies it, is carried much further in manufactures than in agriculture. Mutual kindness is the consequence of mutual dependence, and both nations and individuals become peaceful and friendly as they help each other. Where many men are at work, order is an essential ele men tof success, and the manufacturer carries the order which he learns in the workship intorall his affairs. In creasing as the manufacturing population still is, and increase it must if England is to continue pre-eminent, it is pleasing to trace causes at work which tend to make the manufacturing population, however formidable to its oppressors from numbers and organization, less 'selfish, less disorderly, less violent, and less fero c i ous t h an t h e peasantry. When the latter submit with patience, while they have a consciousness of power, to the same terrible privations as the hand-loom weavers, and still struggle for independence, there will be reason to believe that this theory is incorrect. Some of your Contemporaries, I am aware, speak of this dependence of man on man arising from division of labour, and still more, they speak of the dependence of man on the machinery he : uses, as a great moral degra dation. The results contradict their assumption, and in moral worth as wsll as manual skill the manufac turers, praetising, new arts, are superior to the peasantry. They are the servants, I admit, of machinery, but the machinery is the result of mind, and the servitude, rightly understood, is that of physical power to intellect. A machine is in all cases the substitute for manual labour. I 4 is the product of cool calculating wisdom, the crea tion in moments of deep thought, which in antiquity was called inspiration, of such far-sighted men as Roberts, 'Whitworth, and Dyer ; it substitutes, therefore, the de liberation of the sage for the capricious, and may-be sometimes the drunken, irregularities of the hasty la bourers. While the hand varies in intensity and skill, , the mind-begotten machine is invariable and perfect in its operations. Whatever it is appropriated to perform that it does excellently . . In subjecting, therefore, the workman to the operations of machinery, and making him depend on that, it snakes him the servant of the noblest intellect with which God has endowed his creatures.lel Kill r rk, too, that the invento rs an d ma k ers oft r hi a sm l ach e in ill e il ry become also its servants. It is the off• spring of their best and calmest wisdom, the result of their most profound researches, anti whatever the pas sion or the caprice of the moment might dictate, they are compelled to guide their conduct by the creations of their own mind in its brightest moments. They cannot get rid of their machinery, and arc quite as much olavea to it as their workman. ...iid view. of society, sufficiently attracted : h rr bit :o ilei :n : e, t, S effil i t : r:,as tl .. ii l s . o k. p u e o n w s ., a u• L'er l y lo ri: public ~ . ..,n. The workman in the manufacturing lAlstrict is the slave, to use the Tory slang, ofmachinery; but the workman in the agricultural districts, the soldier and the sailor, the bulk of manual labourers, are the slaves, or the servants of capricious men. They are frfworr" , ll—.• v'ne•Firyn ri,.' Y(f le machinery is increased, Ok%. ;11' which creates machinery, becomes the guiding an,l rei ! ing power o f a ll th e o p erat i6 ns o f man's hand. The tr— of machinery is extending even in War, and slaug-Itt,e cannot be carried on without serving intellect. This process, then, is general in society. More and more, year after year, does man become the servant of that mind-begotten machinery which works with unerring pre cision, and more and more is h e lib era t e d f rom t h e domi nion of passion and caprice. The phrase, therefore, that man is a slave to machinery, means that he is the ser vant of the highest human intellect, and that its rule over society, as the use of machinery extends, becomes every day greater and greater. There is another moral consideration connected with this subject; to which I must also advert. It places pro • digious power at the command of man, without increasing his arrogance. An eloquent writer has very inadequately compared a steam-engine to an elephant's trunk, which can rend an oak or pick up a pin. The machinery in use here sets in motion a fly-wheel, for example, which would crush a score of elephants, were they to come within its range. It spins a gossamer thread which an elephant could not see, and pierces iron plates which an elephant could not lift, with as much ease as a boy thrusts a pin through a card. I have seen under the same roof an instrument cutting iron as though it were putty, and an instrument taking up the stitches in knitting, with as much dexterity and neatness, and with infinitely greater velocity, than a German lady. The strongest metals are dealt with as a housewife deals with pastry, working it into an endless variety of curious shapes, to ornament her dishes. But neither those who create, nor those who wield the power, have any of that arrogance with which much less power inspires, even to madness, those who work by strong will, by passion, and caprice. Machinery is fixed, and each piece will in general perform but one operation. It is made by one man, and "used bylanother. Each piece is part of a great system, and the man who makes or who uses it is no more made arrogant by it, than by the knowledge that he is an atom of the universe. In fact, it rather humbles than exalts a man to be made sensible of his single helplessness, whatever may be the power of the many in combination. The sublime inventions of man's intellect, which are here crowded together in millions, seem calculated, like the works of nature, rather to inspire that sentiment of hu mility which is the basis of piety, than the arrogance which is, I believe, more common to theologians than mechanics. From the moral effects of machinery on the mind, I account for the forbearance and endurance of these people. Comparing their works with those of the peasants, they seem more like gods than men ; and were their wonderful power, diffused and distributed as it is, not accompanied by those beneficial influences I have pointed out, society woul I be speedily rent asunder, instead of beim: , bound together in harmonious order by their continuaCmultiplication. There are not wanting, indeed, amongst those who assiune to be the lights and guides of society, writers who labour to depreciate and vilify the manufacturing system, and the new society which belongs to it. But, after this brief exposition of some only of its effects, I may be permitted to say that those writers have never taken the pains to inquire into it. Whether they err through frivolity or malignity,—through ignorance or spite,—whether they belong to the Gibbies or to the " savagery" of the press,—whether called Table-talkers or Quarterly Reviewers,—whether they belong to the Rosa Matilda or the Tomahawk school,—they have only fluttered and stamped over the surface of sense and things, and have never penetrated to the valuable ore beneath. They have talked most idly, or most wickedly, of destroying half our towns, and of the community being as prosperous, powerful, and wealthy, without them, from having just seen some of their exterior or temporary characteristics, while they have known no thing of their independence, their kindness, their power, their humility, and their endurance. Those who under take to instruct others must, as a principle of trade. never acknowledge that they have anything to learn ; and I am afraid your Tory Contemporaries, who have of late been forward in vilifying the manufacturing sys tem, From a mere party m o t ive , will continue bli n d to its many advantages.—l am, Sir, your obedient servant, AN OLD TRAVELLER. .THE THI - R — T — E — IiIN NEW COLONIAL BISHOPS. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Six,--The proposed scheme for the appointment of Church of England Bishops, independent of the Crown, to our different Colonial dependencies, is one calculated to excite the utmost alarm in the mind of every one who wishes well either to the cause of true religion, or to the prosperity of the British empi re , an d, if pers i ste d i n, must end in the loss of all our colonial possessions. Let us suppose a case. A colonial Chaplain, regularly ap pointed by, and responsible to, the executive, preaches a doctrine which one of these unauthorised Bishops con siders heterodox. The Bishop remonstrates, the chaplain treats his remonstrances with that con tempt with which every regularly appointed officer of the Crown would treat the remonstrances of an unauthorised person. The Bishop proceeds to excommunicate the Chaplain. Now if this excommu nication be valid, the Chaplain is ipso facto incapacitated from performing any ecclesiastical functions, and then we have this monstrous anomaly—of a person appointed by no recognised power in the State, responsible to no re cognised power in the State—who can, at his will and pleasure, dismiss an officer of the Crown, and overrule the Executive. If the excommunication be not valid, then is this sot-disant Bishop an impostor, a vagrant, masquerading in canonicals. The Bishop and the Chaplain would each, in all probability, be supported by a party, and thus another source of disunion would be added to the long list of colonial grievances. It has hitherto been our pride, that however intense and bitter our religious animosities may have been at home, our colonies have all escaped the infliction of this curse. Such, however, cannot much longer be the case if this precious scheme is suffered to be carried into effect. The emigrants to our colonies are principally either Catholic Irishmen or Presbyterian Scotchmen. The religion of the first of these has been denominated by one of the orthodox Prelates of the Church of England, " a church without a religion," and that of the second " a religion without a church," while, at the present hour, a large and influential class of the members of the Church of England openly profess their desire to follow out to the utmost extent the principles of Archbishop Laud, who considered Presbyterianism a damnable heresy, to be ex tirpated by fire and sword. Is it to be imagined that men, in whose veins runs the blood of the old Cove nanters, will submit to have their faith insulted by that " Black Prelacy"—to oppose which their fathers, as one man, turned out upon the hill side, nor sheathed their weapons until they had not only scotched, but killed the snake ? Will the Catholic population, patiently submit to the spiritual domination of a miserable mo nopolising minority ? No Sir, and the only result of this attempt at erecting a Church of England Propa ganda, will be to raise a ferment throughout the whole of our colonial dependencies, which will end in a furious agitation for colonial independence, as the only means of escaping from sacerdotal tyranny. It also behoves those who feel an interest in the success of our mission to exert themselves in opposition to this ne farious scheme. Experience, as in the cases of Canada and India, shows that whenever the Church of England has appointed a Bishop there, the the missionary cause has been paralysed ; and this must necessarily be so. The Church of England, from her very nature, never can become an instrument for propa gating the Gospel extensively among the Heathen, and therefore in the true theological spirit she endeavours as far as in her lies to prevent others from accomplishing that which she is unable to accomplish herself, aiid, like the Upas, blights every wholesome plant within the pale of her influence. As a proof of the strength of influ ences to which Colonial Bishops must from their position be exposed, I will merely allude to the unjust and unjus tifiable attacks of Bishop Heber on the Baptist Missiona ries in India. If he, great and' good, and enlightened man as he was, could not escape the contamination of the atmosphere of bigotry, envy, and unchaeitableness, in which, as a Colonial Bishop he was forced to live and move, and have his being, what can we expect from the men of narrow minds and strong prejudices who would in all probability be appointed by this new College of the Propa ganda. Among the batch of new Bishops, it appears there is to be a Bishop of the Mediterranean. A more dangerous ap pointmentit is scarcely possible to conceive. Ourposses sions in the Mediterranean are not, properly speaking, colo nies, they are Military Garrisons, and what man in his senses would wish to see the odium theologicum intro duced into the service ? At present, our soldiers, Catho lic and Protestant, live together in peace and harmony ; how long they would continue to do so after the appoint ment of a M`Ghee or a Stowell as Bishop of the Medi terranean it does not require much of the spirit of pro phecy to determine. In one of the most important of these colonies, Malta, the inhabitants are all Catholics, and non-interference with their religion is guaranteed to them by the moat sol em n treaties. Be it remem bered b that the French lost possession of this island principally on ac count of the contempt which they openly manifested for the religion of the inhabitants ; let it be recollected that the prejudices of the Maltese have been deeply shocked by Queen Adelaide's most injudicious present of a Protestant Church to the island ; and then let statesmen, whether Whig or Tory, consider whether it be politic to alienate still more the Maltese from our Government by the appointment of a Church of Eng land Bishop to episcopal jurisdiction' in that island. Surely the Duke of Wellington, who knows the nui sances which meddling priests of every denomination are in garrisons, will exert himself to the utmost to save his fellow soldiers from such an infliction. But his Lord ship of the Mediterranean is, it seems, to have also ju risdiction, in partibus ; and Naples and Barcelona, nay, even Borne itself, is to be considered within his diocese. Now, in every one•of these countries Roinan Catholicism is part and parcel of the law of the land, and Church of Englandism is there as much blasphemy as Church of Owenism is here. Now, if my Lord of the Mediterra nean should chance to be convicted of blasphemy be fore the Neapolitan tribunals, and should be flogged or sent to the galleys for att mpt i ng to convert a Roman Catholic—in what position would this country be placed ? We should either he obliged, contrary to the Law of Nations, to go to war for the purpose of forcing a Foreign Power to alter its own internal laws and regulations, or we should be fp - to submit to the humiliation of quietly .reed Bishop of the Church of Lngland • v ernutting a merely doing that whin) , • - to be punished for case, it might ` was his duty. In the latter the ... , perhaps, be advisable that those to whom —vision of our Criminal Code is submitted, should consider how far it might be desirable to punisli,certain offences, such, for instance, as obtaining money under false pretences, by appointing the convict Bishop of the Mediterranean, and sending him to propagate Church of Englandism at Naples. I am, Sim', • Your most obedient servant, SIUMA. '~_ __ cliildren, t peoCeed to give you a tew in reference: to Literia; and next in reference to the state of this island, on which myself and Dr. Prince have for about three months resided. The persons from whom I had those particulars which I did not myself ascertain, have resided long at Cape Palmas and other parts of the colony, and were chiefly Missionaries of the Epikopalian, Presybyterian, and Baptist persuasions. The extent of the territory claimed by the colonists reaches from Cape Mount River to the river Cavally. The map of the colony goes to the river Solymon, in the 7th degree of north latitude ; and when off the Cavally river, a paper signed by a Dr. Hall was handed to me from King Beppu, in which the said King was recom mended to the favourable consideration of traders, on account of having granted gratuitously a large tract of land on the Cavally river, to the Maryland Colonization Society. Cavally river is twenty miles to th e sout h o f Cape Palm as , so that the li ne o f coast claimed an d par tially occupied by the different Colonization Societies, and comprehended under the term Liberia, is not short of 300 miles. The coast ,thus occupied is not so unhealthy as is the Bullom shore, and Sierra Leone on the north, or as Cape Coast Castle, Popor, and the Delta of the Niger on the east. With these exceptions, and keeping off the mouths and marshy sides of rivers, the coast of Africa from Rio Piing* to the Coanga is much alike in point of insalu brity. In reference to the colony of Liberia, one fact appears evident from the united testimony of all I have heard speak on the subject, viz., that the health of chil dren born in the colony is better than it was at first_ ; and that colour e d p ersons , a f ter season i ng , enjoy better health than they did sonic years ago. Whites are still in danger from the accumulating fever, and for the most part look sickly and feeble, some of the Missionaries have good health, and speak as if they could walk fur ther and bear more fatigue than they formerly could in their native country. I was informed that to enter into the causes of the wars with the natives would require a long explanation, in which different parties would give different accounts, according to their prejudices and interests. But one cause certainly was the prohibition under which many of the natives near Mesurado were placed in reference to the trade with the vessels that visited their coast. This prohibition arises out of the selfish polity of the Colonial Government, which has induced them to lay a fine on vessels found trading with the natives, and to in crease the expenses on foreign trade by harbour dues, and the employment of a commissioned agent, so that goods are sold one-ninth higher, at, and near Monrovia, than on other parts of the same line of coast, and all im pediments and hindrances to trade are thrown in the way of the natives to force them to obtain their supplies through the merchants settled in the Colony. This has been felt keenly, and in some cases has met with resist ance by the natives. Another cause is the attempt made to prevent the natives from fishing in Bassa Cove and other places, where they formerly employed themselves in fishing without molestation. In agreeing to allow the Ame ricans to settle, the natives never contemplated a curtail ing of their own rights, and privileges, but looked for great advantages from the trade promised them with America and Europe. They now feel themselves griev ously disappointed in these their too sanguine expecta tions. It is also candidly admitted that the Colonists have frequently acted unjustly towards the natives and oppressed them, and that injustice and oppression still to a certain extent continue. A considerable number were lately slain, at a station belonging to a Methodist Missionary, some way in the country behind Mesurado. The account has appeared in the Monrovia newspaper, and also in a Boston newspaper, in one of which I doubt not the statement has been seen by you. Dr. Prince and myself were distinctly informed that the tribe among whom the Missionaries resided gave them time to fly with their wives, children, aged people, and property ; and, instead of flying, the Missionaries sent to Monrovia for guns and ammunition, and resolved to risk life in the protection of their property. When the hostile tribe appeared the attack commenced, and the people were beaten off with considerable slaughter. When the defence for a time ceased, the assailants made an attempt to carry away their slain, but at this time the firing recommenced, and much injury was done to the flying natives. An unfeeling letter appeared in the Liberia Herald, written by one of the principal actors in this bloody scene, in which the Missionary disgraces him self by showin g an utter want o f th e spirit o the Mas • ter whom he proessed to serve. The Editor lauds him as a hero ; but his brother Missionaries highly disap prove of his conduct, and those of them with whom I conversed appeared much to regret the spirit of revenge that had been manifested on this mournful occasion. A short time ago a native who thought himself wronged by a colonist, who resided near to Cape Palmas, com plained, and from the Governor obtained redress ; this exasperated the colonist so much that he took his gun down, and as the native passed his farm, he fired, and it is said lodged a few small shots in the shoulder of the man he had injured. The native went to his tribe, and brought with him a band, who entered the house of the colonist, cut off his head, and the heads of two of his children ; the wife and the other children escaped the fury of these barbarians. They left the place without any further attack upon the people, and escaped speedily to their country several miles distant in the interior. I was assured that the late wars have had the worst possible effect on the minds of the natives, that they are increasingly jealous of the power and influence of the colonists, and highly displeased at their proud and over bearing conduct. When their Kings or Headmen gave away or sold a part of their territory, they did so from the immediate advantage of a large .‘ dash" or present, or the future prospect of an increase of trade. They had no idea of. curtailing their own comforts, or of being overrun by persons from a foreign land. Then they saw only the favourable side, but Riley now see the op posite ; and, living in a part of A rica already teeming with a native population, and not very rich in soil, they find that the rising power of the colonists must be kept down, or that they must be driven inland among hostile tribes, jealous of any such encroachment upon their hunt ing or provision grounds. It was stated, as a thing self evident, that as the colony increased, wars would also increase, and that the spirit cherished on both sides would make these, as much as possible, wars of extermi nation. The agreements made with the Af r i cans are nearly all decidedly unjust. A mere trifle is given for thousands of acres of land. Aug. 19, 1841. The benefits of trade are put before the ignorant people in a fascinating manner, a footing is obtained, and force is used to retain it, and to extend, if necessary, the boundary lines, as far as the aggressors think proper to wish or desire. A small provision-ground, producing rice, plantains, &c., is deemed a farm, and such provision-grounds are common in the colony, but as to the growing of cotton, sugar, or the like, no such thing prevails to any ex t en t i n any part of Liberia. Horses, mules, &c., are not nu merous, and are seldom put in harness, and oxen are too small to be thought of for the yoko. The hoe is the agricultural instrument in general use, and man is the agent by whom it is employed. Only. one saw-mill ex ists in the colony, and no flour-mill, or other article of machinery, has yet been introduced. . Formerly slavers did visit the colony, but not now, ex cept at those places distant from settlements where slave factories exist. ColoniSts, however, are not chargeable with giving encouragement to these factors, nor are they known to trade with them at present in any direct or indirect way. At Cape Palmas there is no jurisdiction exercised over the natives or acknowledged by them, but several tribes are in amity here, and on other parts of the coast with the colonists. The native towns close to the settlements at Cape Palmas, remain quite distinct from the coloniits, keep up their own customs, and appear as far from any approach to civilization or religion as if they had never seen the colonists or heard the Gospel preached amongst them. The people wear a small cloth about the loin s , an d are ornamented %% I rings and gregres. One or t wo o f the colonists have married natives at Cape Palmas, but these have rather receded towards the natives than suc ceeded in improving the aboriginal inhabitants. F ew attend the worship of God, and these few are offend,A by the pride of the colonists, who show th e same iv s sition to make distinctions in the Hou se o f r . s i „ d - ,,E 3- whites in America do towards thei r color red " ""t brethren there. In sending the children to sCL oo l , look for some advantage, and have not yet come to value the nati ves . these are from learning for its own intrinsic worth. A.ew have em braced the Christian religion, but most of mongst them. among the school children, win) have for several years enjoyed the advantage of _ . 1 instruction from the devout g© dm y religious have long laboured a of God, %yh i o and other books have been u se d • an S ts ince the Biie native tongue, as well as in the in the school in the has been on he increase, English, knowledge home ; and it is hoped at home by the native children, re even among the at th t the parents books ultimately be blessed of Go reading of these iv... God , n , to in the the benefit tongue, o f many will the adult population. _ All here ar e engaged in trade except the Missionaries, Even the Governor has not enough to kee him, from o those by wh om he is pp inted ; he is, in fa p et, the prin cipal m erc h ant at Cape Palraas. There are four places of wors hip,. -- --a Presbyterian and Episcopalian, a Metho dist, and a Baptist. All the Missionaries are from Ame rica. The Presbyterian and Episcopalian are sent to the na tives ; the Methodist and Baptist are chiefly employed among the colonists. The Presbyterian Missionary has a printing press, speaks and preaches in the Grebe tongue, and has translated and printed several books in that language. Temperance prevails in the Colony, and no ru r ,i m id . Governor Musewarm is esteemed and loved, . 2. „d mites a ---n' l few of the colonists with him in the loinistration of justice. The colonists are not in the ',east jealous of him on account of his appointment. by 0 . le Society in America. They are content, not Yet having confid ence i u them saves. The desire manifer:Led 1, 5 the coloni s t s t o re t ur n to America is so great, that' if the vessels were supplied, such a 1 Number would leave i% them, tYiat those willing to remain would find themsel - it , s too t . o protect themselves from the natives, and Iva' aid therefore leave on thiS account. No ob stacle but th:e uant of means prevents the return of the coloni‘Lts to Ame r i ca , b ut t hi s i s a sufficient one, and con , i mes them Lo the land of their exile. It is readily admitted that individuals have been found in the colony, who for present interest, have given incor rect views of its flourishing state, and that such state ments have appeared as must have been known to the writer at the time to have been contrary to the real facts of the case. If we upon his public life E'er venture to look back, O'er all the way there still appears A crooked sliding track.. Not long ago he vainly.hoped Prime Minister to be ; But slippery ova.•, the road he took, Like all his 'policy. He held not a straightforward course, But, fled of wiles and snares, He sliK,ed while turning out the maids, Ane.. fell upon the stairs. For Britain's weal, the Ministry The Corn-laws now assail— True to himself, Sir Robert Peel Prefers the sliding scale. 'Tis quite in keeping that the man (Though some may here deride) Who has so slippery been through life, Should love to have a slide. When after place again he looks, I hope he'll get the slip, Which sometimes happens, it is said, Between the cup and lip. And so may all Monopolists Who do our land enthral, Get, like the wily 13arouet, A heavy backward fall. I shall conclude this brief account of Liberia by giving it, as my opinion, from all that I have seen and In-ard, that the good set forth by the Colonization Society will never be attained, unless a complete change of plan be effected. The colonists must be men chosen f.ir their work, and well la upportcd in it. ltighteousness, EVENING SUN LIBERIA. and 104, must reg u l a t e th e con d uct of all towards eaclh To JOSEPII STUNfTE, ESQ. I other, find towards the nati ves ; good an d equal lztvs ".. 5 . 1041 . pievrtil, and a , zreat object aimed at rrn.t:t be 11-1, AS IO r.,il - :,,,::cii :,, 1 -..:,,_; cc ;he colonists thell.:,elves this is out,.of the question. _Had their temporal good been - sought, America would have been.Pund sufficiently large to contain them all. If a few native Africans had desired. to _be sent back to their country, it would have been bene volent to have done so, for their security and usefulnes s in the land that gave them birth ; but • to ship off native Americans, almost, if not altogether by force, was at once cruel and unjust, and cannot have resting upon it the blessings of the Most High. - .FERNANDO PO—WEST AFRICAN COMPANY. • I shall now turn to the state of the liberated Africans and others in the town of Clarence, where I now reside. When the British Government gave up their esta blishment here Lieut.-Colonel Niculls sold the houses, &c., to a private Company for about 15,0001., arranging that Government should have all back again in good repair, at any time, by paying a stipulated sum ; vessels were sent to take back the liberated Africans to Sierra Leone, and many of them left the place, but a few were• prevailed on by the representations of Captain Beecroft to remain ; and to these the officer, while in charge, acted the part of a fitithlld friend ; but since the property was again - sold, and came into the possession of the West African Com pany, little ,but oppression, cruelty, and injustice, has marked the conduct of their agents towards the people. All the houses and gardens formerly held from Govern ment are claimed by this Company, and a nominal rent of palm oil is demanded each quarter. All, if required by the Company, arc forced to work for them at slid , rate as the agent thinks proper to give. No objec tion is allowed, if one is made and persisted in ; the person is handed over to constables, to be put in a place called a guard house, but more properly a dungeon, as it built in a cut across f narrow point of land, and its eaves are level with tin surface of the ground. If resistance is made to J.:it authority of the constable, or passion cause the person to give liberty to the tongue, he is flogged, loaded with irons, and kept as long as the agent pleases in thie den of death. This last arrogates to himself the power of doing what he pleases, and boasts of being account able to none but the West African Company, from whom he says he has the fullest possible powers to do what he thinks proper. Besides this dungeon, he has a house on I , small rocky island for persons to be banished to for a time. This is chiefly for women who quarrel in the street, or do any thing to offend the agent ; men have occasionally been sent there, but not often. Frequently men and women have been confined in the same place, and conduct the most arbitrary and despotic has been in dulged in towards all. _Take a few examples :--A canoe full of refugees—four men and two women —escaped from the Island of Princes last year ; they after great hardships reached this island. They were sent offimmediately to the dungeon —one of them soon died in it, the others re mained about four months, and were let out a little be fore we reached the island, but are still on the " black list," and are compelled to work for the Company for rations alone, i. e., without pay, having food only suffi cient to support life.. Prisoners have two pounds of yam, cassava, orcocoa-nut and water—po meat, no salt ; those sent over to the island have a still smaller supply, and the poor kroomen who cut timber, and drag it miles out of the woods for the Company, have only five pounds of yam, rice,. or cocoa per day, and one bottle of watered rum per week, and one piece of cloth containing seventeen handkerchiefs (made up for Africa) per quarter. Headmen have a little more. No meat is regularly allowed, so that the rum and the handkerchiefs often are bartered for monkeys to eat with the yams, &c. Another case of cruelty was the flog ging of three Kroomen, because one Headman said to another that these men intended to run away. There arose a demur about the work, and all refused to go out until they had th e i r " p a l aver " sett l e d . Two of the Headmen were picked out, and severely flogged, to inti - midate the others. A sentinel fell asleep, and being found out, got four dozen and three - months in guard-house, and was to work hi the garden all the day. While so employed some one left open the garden gate, and a cow got in and destroyed some maize. The poor man, with his unhealed back, was tied up to a tree, and had two dozen more given to him before our window. My paper is full and so is my heart, but I could fill many sheets more with the op pressions and cruelties practised here. We have down right slavery, and the people know not where to turn for relief. Can you do anything for them ? Can a British public put an end to their woes ? Mr. Thomp son has gone to England. Call him and the Company he represents to account for their conduct. I conclude, and remain your sincere friend, JOHN CLARICE. THE SUCCESSORS OF PETER. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN, Sin,—lt gave me great pleasure to observe, and deeply to consider the observations, made in yow: Jour nal of yesterday respecting the clergy. Among year other observations, to be brief, you say, " founder of our holy religion, had not where to lay lair head." Why was that ? Not for lack of means at hie disposal, when heaven was his throne,• and earth hi , footstool, but to set us an example to humble our nzttirt._ pride and ignorance. Why do not his successors, if thc,:..• are true shepherds, do likewise ? Let, for instance, th Archbishop of Canterbury, whose throne is Canterbury. and his foot3tool Lambeth, humble himself in a similar manner, as an example to us of the present day, mid. dispose of his revenues for the benefit of the poor auY. needy, instead of puffing up the natu ra l prid e of 117.., brethren by feasti ngs a t Lambeth. Let me also ask the public this question,—lf we wezy, to see the Archbishops and Bishops humbly walking throughout the streets and roads, relieving in their path the numerous objects that would present themselves their view, instead of rolling themselves along in splendour they do now, what kind of respect wou!IZ be shown them, and where would the sceptic appear I and how would it act towards humbling the, pride of others Would not such conduct convince - us that they wen, genuine followers of their great master, Christ, and. show them to be the good shepherds, and not the hire lings or wolves in sheeps' clothing of whom ho so . often cautioned us to beware. I remain, your constant reader, T. W. T. C. THE SLIPPERY BARONET. If there's a man, of whom 'tis said " He's slippery as an eel ;" No one deserves the compliment More than Sir Robert Peel. SHOCKING ACCIDENT.---This morning, lie. tween three and four o'clock, Benjamin Farley, a mare:: gardener, who was coming up to Farringdon-market a w aggon loaded with fruit, fell off the shafts, on which: he had been riding, in the New Kent-road, and one of the w heels passed over his cheek. He was taken to S:. Thomas's Hospital, but is not expected to survive. DEATH OF THE DOWAGER COUNTESS ON CARRICK.—We greatly regret to announce the demis9 vi this estimable lady, on Saturday last, in Kingstown, at'cr an illness of two days, at the age of 86 years. Her lady ship, as our readers know, for several years reLided ..! Orchardlon, in the n e ighbourhOod of this city, an d 1 1 , 1 . decease will be felt by the numerous objects of her bountl there and elsewba-e, as no ordinary calarnity.—Kilhn2 Moderator. The accouchemcnt of Lady Louisa Johnstone, the widow of the late lamented Sir Frederick G. Jol;. - , stone, Bart., took place on the sth instant, at (.-:or, Home, Kensington, when her Ladyship was safely CI,I vered of twin sons, who with her Ladyship are doilw well. It is somewhat remarkable that the Johnstone property should be again placed in trust during a minority, the late Sir Frederick being an infant at death of his father, Sir John. NORTH KENT RAILWAY.—The journey horn London to Rochester and Chatham will be reduc.ql to an hour and a half, viz., from. London to Blackwall railway, tem minutes ; from Blaekwail to Gravesend, hour ; and fromGravesend t o R oc h ester b y new r!:.1- way, twenty minutes. The survey from Rozhestcr Maidstone is procee4ing under Mr. Gibbs through valley of the Medway, crossing at Caxton. The Kent Railway is ultimately to connect London over Greenwich Railway %with Woolwich, Dartford, Cra.. - e. , - end, Rochester, Maidstone, Canterbury, Ramsgate, Mar gate, Sandwich, and 1), al. At New Orleans in the week ending cn 25th, there was a death from yellow fever. This case, though it does not prove that the diseas3 be regarded az f a 'o s re a ru n lempeidreonflietheineapYidemnotic3.-LiNkett York Paper. FoLKsToNE —A gentleman recently vis;l.v:- at this place was SO MUCh impressed with the dismal appearance of the houses in some of the narrow that ho actually whitewashed the houses on one South-street at his own expense, just by way of o xa: , ,DAt: to the inhabitants.—Kentish Herald. 'Tie Govtroor of Gloucester gaol, it is said, I received a respite for seven days, for Heyman, conii of the murder of Mr. Fisher, at Toehington, end thought that the sentence of death will be transui into banUment fur life. Itcd and )1e nd of his .se R C