The Sun. — London, England, 1841-07-24 00:00:00

~,~. E V ENINO SUN. • MR. WILSON. - Last night this celebrated voca list delivered the last °J . a series of lectures on Scottish song to a crowded and delighted audience, at the Mechanics' Institution, Senthampton-buildings. The more immediate ob j ect of tIIP lecture was to prove the merits and claims to anti quity of Highland melody, and its close and intimate alliance with the music of the sister kingdom of Ire end ; and in this arduous task Mr. Wilson relieved the dry ancluninteresting (except to the initiated) details of antiquarian research with humorous anecdote, and soft ened down and made delightful rugged argument and close reasoning by apt and felicitous illustrat ions from the wild and soul-stirring., but frequently touching and pathetic, music Of the land " of the mountain and the flood." We have often been enchanted listeners to this delightful warbler of his country's song, an heard with pride and satisfaction the rough sough of wild and unrestrained applause which greeted and rewarded his sounds of fire and notes of woe ; Out never until last night did we think that Mr. Wilson, or any other favoured son of song , cou ld infuse into an English translation of the notes of Ossian's lyre the soul and animation which makes us forget that we are specta tors, and for the moment think ourselves the heroes of the tale. As we advocate, as we have always done, the advancement of education and of information in every walk, we have much pleasure in giving our meed of raise to the exertions of Mr. Wilson, in thus familiar- Iz in.g the beauties of poet r y and the charms ; ef song to the humble and the lowl y ; and is a great and gratifying evidence of the advancement of civilization and the growing love of information which has been in our day engendvrcd in our fellow-countrymen, that we find them thus seeking after, and encouraged by, one who is peculiarly qualified to touch those tender cords which tend to filial love, and to strike that harp of harmony and brotherhood which enables and induces us to improve and cultivate "the mind which makes the man." IRELAND. TRANQUILLITY OF THE COUNTRY. IDULLIN, JULY 22.—The charges of the Judges of Assize, n'eeived this morning, afford additional testimony respecting the great tranquillity prevailing throughout the country, at a inoment when the English Tory journals are cramming their ecaumns with fictitious statements of crime and insubordina tion in various parts of Ireland. Judge Ball, in addressing the county of Limerick Grand Jury, on Tuesday, said—" I have to state my congratulations •On the comparative lightness of your calendar, in point of numbers and heinousness. I trust this state of things will go a n progressing, and that those who succeed me will have an sPportunity of congratulating you in still stronger terms." an addressing the Grand Jury of the city of Limerick, en the same day, Judge Ball said: " On my arrival here I have been Presented with a calendar of seven larcenies, which comprises *lithe crime to be tried at this Assizes. Out of those seven there are two that ought to have been tried at antecedent ses sions, so thatthe calendar properly triable is only five larcenies ; and this announcement is quite enough to ensure the ready as sent of every one to its being a m atter of ver y great con fratulation for the residents and Magi4trates of the city of -Limerick." Baron Pennefather, in addressing the Grand Jury of the county of Wicklow, on Tuesday, said he had to congratulate them on the state of repose enjoyed in their county, and the calendar was no doubt a good index from which to judge of the Peace which prevailed. It was very pleasant to observe such sty absence of crime, and, under the circumstances it was quite unnecessary to detain the Jury by any observations. Baron Pennefather, a Tory, but a just judge, differs fromlcer „,_ tail' of his brethren on the bench in considering the calendar at the assizes as a good criterion of the state of crime in the • • district. COUNTY OF WEXFORD ELECTION. JULY 20.—When the hour of announcing the poll arrived, the galleries and the body of the Court were densely crowded. The Hon. Captain Gore was loudly cheered when he made his ai) Pear an ce . Anxiety appeared at the highest on every coun tenance, when the High Sheriff, accompanied by his assessor, entered the Court; and declared the state of the day's poll to be Power 285 Hatton 29 Morgan Majority for the Liberal candidates on the day's poll, 260. GROSS POLL. Power Hatton 444 Morgan Majority for Power and Hatton, 300. Ile cheering that followed this announcement was tre eleje. Inidnus. After it had subsided, or "res Pewee, Esq., came forward and addressed the elec and'Thanking them for their firm and undeviating. exertions, solicitation, tine what he had little doubt of obtaining without of their opponents its kind continuance for the few days more that the would be likely to last. He congratulated them on „e glorious state of the poll, in spite of the renewed efforts opponents to protract the contest. But their attempts a t procrastinatination would have no other effect than ex- Posing them in their true light as the enemies of the people and their liberties —( Cheers. ) They had, indeed, exerted themselves on the orposite side with an energy worthy of a better cause, and he hoped at the close of the poll to-morrow, which, probably, would terminate the election, he would still have to return them the same that Its and congratulations, when their victory would be certain. Captain HArroN then came forward and addressed the as sembled multitude. He sa'cl—Gentlemen, I have likewise to thank you for the second time for the very high position in which your support has placed me. The strength of our adversaries is daily on the decline, and all their devices to &lay us have signally failed. This election will have the effect of teaching at least one thing to Mr. Mor gan, it will show him a rather extraordinary anomaly in the county of Wexford, namely , th at thou g h very rich in money, he is very poor in friends.—(Cheering.) The electors of this county will, I trust, persevere, with eve . rtions, if possible, more earnest , more vi g orous, aria more unceasing ; and record in the triumphant returt; of the two candidates of their choice their determina tion to obtain civil and religious liberty. One day's good work, lik e th ose that have preceded it, will effect the triumph of your friends and s. he defeat of your enemies; and, electors of Wex ford, let me ui":•1 0 you on, then, to the poll, and relax not till Tee have nobly coriquered.—( Cheers. ) The Court adjos:rned until nine o'clock next morning. WEDNESDAY, Jo:.v 21.—The following were the numbers on the gross poll up to five o'clock : 865 Hatton (R).....- •• 849 Power (R) ..••... .. ....... Morgan (T) . 447 S. C. Hall (T) ............ ... ......... . ....... ... JULY 22.—The election cloned by the return of the Re formera. _____ --- EXTENSIVE F,,`RE, Last evening, a few minute s before five as as police I constable Burnham, 58 H, was going his rotods, he observed t quantity of smoke and some flame issuing from the upper floor windows of a lefty and extensive building in Wentworth street, Whitechapel, in the possession of Messrs. Maltby and Sons, of No. 34, Old Broad-street, which has been employed by them as a shot factory and lead works. The officer in stantly rang the bell of the premises, and gave the warm of fire, and found that there were two men and two boys employed in the lower floor of the building. One of the men so employed, whose name is Harrold, ran up stairs as fast as he co uld, a.nd on reaching the sixth story, he di sco vered that a g reat portion of the flooring above him was on fire, and particuarly that part 'of it which was situated near a flue which ascended from We 'ower part of the building to the roof. The engines were quickly on the spot, and the supply of water was abundant, but owing to the extreme height of the building the engines did not appear to be of sufficient power to force the water to the upper 8, tors. To counteract this, the firemen, under the direction of Braidwood, carried the hose and branches through the tr part of the building, and in about two hours u scceeded e: itinguishing the fl ames, not, however, before the immense Pile of building, and some beautiful machinery, which has been erec tad within the last eighteen months, for an improved meihod ,ting shot, and executing all sorts of lead-work, at an ex.. Pern 4 of over 2,0001., were very considerably damaged. r. Gill, the foreman of the works, and who lives on the preen ises, states that for the last week or ten days, in conse quell ce of the very advanced price of lead, the upper part of the build ing had not been used, but a fire was continually kept up in a 1 'unlace on the loxer floor. On Monday last it was found that the upper part of the flue , wh ich carries away the smoke from the premises, was so foul that the fire below would scarcely bum, and means were taken at once to clear it, and the fire below but ned as usual, and nothing more was thought of the Teat te r, but he (Gill) is of opinion that the flue had again be com e foul, and that that was the cause of the fire. Tie stock and building are insured, but not to an amount that I's likely to cover the loss. DEATH Ey BATHING. —Thursday afternoon, a kagthened inquiry took place at the Hero C of or W oner a terloforo TaVern, Waterloo -road, before Mr. Carter, Sum ey, on view cif the body of Joseph Cesarini, fine youth, 12 years uld, the son of an Italian Nobleman. The deceased lost 1-1.. s life while bathing near Black friars -bridge, on Monday - evening . last. A steamer passing at the time, a boat-hook was reached from it to the ch teased, but faile4l to catch hold of him, and he sunk. By the Jury—rte deceased was drowned under the third arch of the bridge. The steamer came under the tb, ird arch. I am of opinion that the swell of the steamer threw the deceased off steamer fet ; there were no exertions made on hos rd the to save the de with the exception of the boat-hook being thrown out to him. I do not know the mune of the steamei Juliana Cesarini, an interesting femalo of gen teel a:vearance, who. whilst giving her de o. was de. ply affected, stated that the deceased was her son ; hi n• husband, who bad been dead some years, wreverse an Italic m Nobleman. In Conse q uence of great of forts he had come to this country, where he u carried on the business of a merchant for many years, trading in all sorts of commodities ; he, however., eventually became unsuccessful. and at the time o f his death left witness and his family in very eml )arrassetl circumstances. By the Coronet, --My son was is high-spirited youth. • I am sure he had no wish to destroy himself ; he was well educated; he could not swim,. The , Tury, after some discussion, returned the following verdict—" Accidental Death ; but the Jury are of opinion that although no blame can be at tached to the captain of the steamer, the deceased's life might hat . e been saved had more active exertion been used."- INTEELESTING SURGICAL OPERATION.—A seaman beloeging - to the ship Majestic, while standing in the wa t or a t - Point Henry, wo.s wounded in the thigh • by the fish called Yin Flare or Sting Ray (corrupted into Stingaree hy thtt colonists). Dr. Clarke, colo nial surgeon. att , aided the unfortunate man , w hose life was , c.espaired of. The sting of the fish (a long hard spii:e in its tail) had entered the thigh and gone through the fleshy part of the thigh, do\vnwards to the knee. On exanduat ion it was found that the spike had broken in Ile wound , and it was with great clifficulty that a hold could be got of it. - Its extraction was, how ever, accomplished, after considerable care and pains The piece of sting taken from the wound measures eight inches long., and upwards of half an inch broad at one end. taperin g to the other. It is shaped etagtly - like a dagger, of the colour of horn, and as hard as iron. This terrible wear on mu s t have b; ten struck into the body with amazt ing force, t o break it short off at its thickest part. 1- is furnish ( d with a row of teeth on each side like a very de e p l.et saw, folsofing about fifty barbs ,• like those of a hook or arrow head. It is perfectly astonishing how this of eration cc aid have been performed without mortally iijuring son e of the large b loodvesSels of the thigh. The man Wall slowly recovering at the time the vessel sailed for Willit ids Town. —Geelong Advertiser. SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS. FROM TILE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY. CHRONICLE.--The last return has been received. Wex ford adds two to the list of Reformers. As the list now stands they amount to 290. But as Mr. O'Connell is returned fer both Meath and Co' k, and has announced his intention of sitting for the latter, the new election for Meath will add one to the list of Reformers. Again, the decision of the Asse:eors, by which Waterford, Athlone, and Dublin were given to the Tories, is so tete ly at variance with the law and the uniform decisions of Revising Barristers in England, that the elec tions for these places must be set aside. In Carlow county the poll was closed long before the legal hour, in the teeth of a formal 'protest. Seven seats will thus, in all probability, be wrested from the Tories. Belfast is in the same predica ment with Waterford, Dublin, and Athlone, and the elec tion will be set aside. It is also understood that the Tories will lose cue of the returns for Harwich. When the new Ministry corns to vacate their seats, they will not all of them have a Tamwerth to fall back on. Some of them, if eee are not much mistaken, on going back to their constituents. will experience a reception by no means to their taste. The Tories will have an opportunity of ascertaining the difference between single elections and a general election. We cannot be charg with over -estimating the strength of the Reformers in the new Parliament if, allowing for the additions which they must obtain soon after its assembling, we set them down at upwards of 300. With an opposition so strong numerically, and stronger still in their cause, which is that of tee whole nation, with the exception of the monopolists, led by Lord John Russell, Sir Robert Peel will soon find that he is not exactly on a bed of roses. TIMES.—In his recent speech to the electors of Tam worth, Sir R. Peel described the growth and origin of the party of which he is the leader in Parliament. Perceiving, he said, at the time of the Reform Bill, that "that change was accompanied with a restless desire for further change, he then foresaw the importance of laying the foundations of a great Conservative party, attached to the ancient fundamental in. stitutions of the country, not disposed to resist such changes as the altered circumstances of society might require, but a party determined to maintain on their ancient foundations the in stitutions in Church and State." From that time, he added, " my object in public life was not so much to gain a position of official power as to build up that great party which has been gradually acquiring strength, . . . a party not so strong in its numbers as it is strong in the confidence of the country." That Sir Robert Peel, in watching over the formation and growth of this Parliamentary party, has per formed his office well, and so as to entitle him to public grati tude, we have not been slow to acknowledge. Our confidence, however (much as we respect the Right Hon. Baronet), is placed, not in him,_ nor in his followers in either H ouse of Par liament, but in the real Conservative pasty, the party of the country, which has restored him to power, not because he is Sir Robert Peel—not merely as a more creditable adviser cf Royalty than Lord Melbourne, or a more faithful de fender of the landed interest than Lord John Russell, but as the represen tative and exponent of certain intelligible principles. Sir Ro bert Peel did not make the Conservative party in the country ; no wisdom or foresight of his could have created it, had there not been a material in the nation out of which it must necessa rily arise. All that he could do was to train its outward ener gies in the way to conquest, and by his Fabian tac tics in Parliament gain time for its consolidation and development. That he has done. But the life of Conservatism consists in the deep-rooted attachment of the majority of the British people to the Church of which they . are members, and to the laws under which they live. The insolent encroachments of the Dissenters in England, and Romanists in Ireland, during the period between the passing of the Reform Bill, and the dismissal of Lord Melbourne's first M' istry by King William—the rapid progress which the opinic ef the dominant party seemed to be making towards a total suppression of the Church of England as established by law—these characteristic features of the palmy days of Whig Government roused to a consciousness of strength, and to a sense of the duty of taking an active part in poli tics, multitudes of virtuous, religious, and peaceful, but courageous men, who would have suffered a noisy mieo rity to ride roughshod over them under almost any other circumstances. At the same time every session dis covered more and more plainly the tendency of Whig principles to overthrow the sober and rational system of self-government which lies at the foundation of our civil institutions, and to substitute for it a centralized despotism, not less revolting to the feelings or less injurious to the tights of Englishmen, because wielded by the nominees of a Parliamentary majority. Nor was this tendency rendered more palatable to minds which had been educated under the in stitutions of Alfred, by the fruits it bore. The wholesale ma mhinery of espionnage by Commissioners, the establishment of a rural gendarmerie, and, above all, the enactment and opera tion of the New Poor-law, excited a degree of general abhor rence and alarm which would have been fatal to any Govern ment. These are the causes, together with the deg radin g alliance between Minister s and the O'Connel influence in Ireland, which have established upon the basis of the opposite principles the :great Conservative party. The success of Sir Robert Peel, and the duration of his power, must depend upon the faithfulness with which he acts upon those opposite prin ciples. But upon this momentous subject we must reserve what we have to offer for a future opportunity. ADVERTISER. —The address of Lord John Russell is not likely to facilitate the Right Hon. Baronet's (Sir R. Peel's) efforts in the work of Cabinet-building. That important document cannot' fail to interpose obstructions to the exe cution of the proximate Premier's projects, which the lat ter never anticipated. It is an able and luminous manifesto of the course which the Liberals, under the leadership of the Noble Lord, are resolved to pursue the moment they are me tamorphosed from Ministerials to an Opposition ; and furnishes a clenching confirmation of all that we ventured to predict a few days previous to its publication of the decidedly liberal cha racter of the principles for which they are prepared to contend: and the energy. decision, and perseverance, with which they are resolved to pursue their objects, until their efforts are crowned with complete success. The atmosphere of the Opposi tion benches is, after all, the atmosphere in which the Whigs can breathe most freely. The Opposition is their native element. As an Opposition they have, from the time of Fox and Sheri dan downwards, achieved their greatest victories, and gained their brightest laurels; and there can be no question that new triumphs and fresh trophies await the... in the new sphere on which they are about to enter. In the ranks of the Opposition they will, we doubt hot, redeem the character they have lost, and restore the confidence which the people of England have for some time ceased to repose in them. And there will be this further and powerful stimulus to patriotic efforts in their new capacity of Opposition, namely, that the triumph of their principles is not only inevitable, but will be of speedy accom plishment. Let the Liberals only be resolute and unremitting in their assaults on the strong holds of Toryism, and down the edifice will speedily tumble in pieces before them and they will recapture Downing-street amidst the loud and universal plaudits of the nation. HERALD.—The Globe of last night delivers itself of a feeble and general denial of the charges we brought on Wed nesday against Lord Palmerston's commercial policy in Europe. We deal with facts, the Globe with assertions. We dare that Journal, or its master—its " eminent hand," its "person of quality"—to contradict one of the facts we then stated, to refute one of our conclusions. It is not "the foreign policy of Eng land," as the Globe would make us say, that has been making mischief and confusion in every quarter of the globe,—it is the foreign policy of Lord Palmerston. But to arrive at something certain, we repeat that Lord Palmerston personally has de stroyed two treaties, those with Austria and Turkey—which, as originally devised would have been most advan tageous to our commerce that he refused to ratify an excel lent tTeaty, procured with difficulty from Naples by his own agent, aid that he has thereby inflicted deep and grievous injury on our coomerce. Are these charges true or are they false? We challenge the Globe to the proof of their falsity, to the con tradiction of one of the facts we have asserted in connection with them. " Impeachment," the Globe justly says, " would be too light a punishment for a Minister proved guilty of such delinquencies." Is then the master whom the Globe has sved so long now unworthy of defence ? Is Lord Palmerston to be " deserted in his utmost need by those his former bounty fed ?" POST.—The announcement contained in Lord John Rus sell's address to the citizens of London that the present Minis ters of the Crown intend not to resign, but to cling to office vntil the new Parliament shall literally turn them out, has ex cited general disgust. It is perceived that in pursuing this comae Ministers wilfully inflict practical and substantial injury, upon their Sove rei g n and country, and that they do this for no sae.- purpose than the mean and base one of appropriating to themselves the little crumbs and morsels of patronage which m ay happen to fall to the disposal of Government between the present m oment and that in which it will not be possible for them to cling any longer to office. It is obvious thet until the present Ministers are out of office, and their successors are appointed, many of the most important functions of the Government are necessarily in abeyance, that her Majesty is deprived of the advice of constitutional and responsible Ministers possess ing the confidence of Parliament, and that, in many respects, the nation is exposed to all the inconveniences and hazards of an interregnum. Is it possible, we ask, of ato reconcile with loyalty, patriotism , o r honour, the conduct dy Mi nistet s who, for their own selfish ends, voluntari l y p rolon g a state of things so anomalous, unconstitutional, and unsafe. The immediate practical evils inseparable from the course adopted by Ministers are not less manifest than its theoretical hostility to the plainest principles of the British Constitu tion. Is there at this moment in the Government of England any Foreign Department with which the Ministers of friendly States can or will confer with a view to any practical result ? Is there at this moment any Colonial Department with which merchants and capitalists devising enterprises of commerce or emigration can advaetageously confer ? Is there any Board of Trade to which deputations of the manufacturing or trading classes can usefully resort to offer their suggestions, or to seek advice or guidance in reference to their important interests? These questions can only be answered in the nega tive, and we see England is kept absolutely without a Govern ment, so far as these important matters are concerned, for the worthless and contemptible purpose above mentioned. MONEY MARKET and CITY NE V 1 FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY. I-lERAl.D.—when Mexico has been and is rigorously screwing up her tariffs, the chiefs of the province of Yucatan, which has revolted from Mexico, have, on the contrary, re-es tablished the old and more liberal tariff of 1828, at the same time that the old constitution of 182-1 was adopted as the form of government. The tonnage duly exigible under that tariff moreover has been reduced from 17 real., at which it stood for merly, to 12 reels per ton. In like manner General Anaza , commanding the insurgent federalists, when the city of Tabasco fell into their power, im mediately issued two decrees, by the first of which the Mexi can tariff of 1828 was re-established, subject to ulterior dis positions of the General Congress, when it should assemble, and also with m odifications, among which are the following : The anchor age duty abolished. Every vessel enterino . Tabasco, on whatever account, to pay a duty of 12 reals per 'ton. Fo• reign vessels not to engage in the coasting trade from one port to another ; but once unloaded and visited by the Custom-heuse officers, to be permitted to take in freight of national products at Tabasco, on proving by a regular certificate of the respec tive custom-houses that they have acquitted the duties. Three• fifths only of the import duties established by the general ta riff of 1828 before cited to be exacted for the present. No in ternal duty, nor. in the state, any kind of impost upon the circulation of national or foreign commodities, shall be exigi ble, the interior custom-house provisions and lead to be s being from this east suppressed. Arms, gunpowder, empt from othe r re gulations in these decrees freeing foreign trade from various vexations. These facts accomplished of intrusive or insurgent Govern.. me ga_ are cited to show the heads of the Mexican Republic and Leislature the impolitic and unpopular course of fiscal exaction which they have been and are pursuing to the destruction of all foreign trade, and the disgust still of the the M Mexica peo tar p iff le themselves than of foreign na mor ons. Forexican n a;vagraa rather e o n n b a b r e i d g itself is one mass of prohibitions or prohibitory duties payable at the ports of entry, and thee 4ro again by duties on internal consume forwarded into the int erior,ol payable hythe forsigp mercha i nt. The Mexican Government ought to understand that whO 14.41- surgent provinces declare their independence, and hasten as the very first step to suppress odious tariffs and replace them with a more liberal and equitable system, it is a clear sign that they are acting no less from a desire to benefit the com re mun ive it imy them to gain popularity , to whic h the reduction f oppssposts is felt to be the readiest way. POST. —We hear of a number of additional failures having occurred in Germany and other parts of the Continent, s he firms ome of them being failures of importance. The condition of t . - previously noticed prove to be even more extensive than was at first imagined. Here a stoppage in the West India trade has been talked of, but we forbear to go into any particulars upon the subject at present. The case of the Wakefields,late of Broad-street, bankers and . stockbrokers, as unfolded within the last day or two in the Court of Bankruptcy, has formed a very prominent topic of, , discussion among our commercial men. Educated at a school ! like the Stock Exchange, it was not to be expected that . the books of these persons would prove entirely free from items that might lead to an indulgence on the part of the Commissioner or the creditors, the reverse of flattering to their feelings. The public appear, however, not to have been by anyeneans prepared for the development of facts so perfectly damning to their reputation, as men of busi ness, as those which were brought to light upon the occasion ; for what has been the conduct pursued by them for the last three-and -twenty years? With a capital of 1,5001., including the lease of the Broad-street premises, if such a sure is worthy to be called a capital, Messrs. Wakefield have been receiving, as backers, cash to an unlimited amount, partly in deposit, and partly for investment , as well as securities in trust, the elude of 'which they have, apparently without the smallest hesitation. appropriated to their own purposes as often as their shameful extravagance produced a necessity for supplies. Every species of property confided to their custody has been made away with, foe all that re mains out of nearly 100,0001. (the aggreate of their del.ts) is' a miserable .sum of 5,706/. (property, 4,9514, goof debts, 755/. ), or, say, about one shilling in the pound, and, if the expenses be deducted, nothing like $3 much. The bankrupts state the amount of their profits. since January, 1818, to be 73,706/. Front these we deduct the suns put down for expenses at 19,4051., and another sum for losses (gambling losses on the Stock Exchange, of course), at 35,547/., which leaves a remainder of 18,754/. to meet the ex penditure of the two insolvents for the same period, amount ing to 1(2,4101., the son having spent 37,2561., and the fath' , er the very modest amount, of 75,1541.1 or five thousand a year, of which four thousand was the money of other people, im properly converted to their personal uses. '1 he elder Wakefield was a member of the Committee of the Stock Exchange, and Trustee and Treasurer of the Decaied Members' Fund. In the latter capacity Ise made free with Exchequer Bills to the extent of 4,000/. lwelonging to super annuated jobbers, widows, and orphans, a stem which, however, it is likely his co-Trustee may be called upon to make good, as, in justice he ought to be. He is clearly liable, and can, we understand, well afford to pay. ~ While the old Stock Exchange counts among the more re spectable of its members gentlemen of the character cf Messrs. Wakefield and Son, for there have been, and are, othtss of the body to whom our censure might be equally well applied, we do think those of our Contemporaries who are sometimes in duced, in spite of their obvious feelings, to defend their suss doings, should be so hard as they are upon the class they de nominate the " shut out " The privilege of being admitted to the society of the Wakefields, and their equals in respect ability, is one that does not, in our humble estimation, appear so valuable as to render the circumstance of one's exclusion therefrom a legitimate subject of derision. During the late examination at the Bankruptcy Court an officer holding a commission in the army presented himself. After many years' service and severe ecor•omy, the veteran had, it seems, placed in the hands of the bankrupts stock he had acquired for 10,000/. They transferreil it, made oft with the proceeds, and he was thus robbed of every farthing he pos sessed. This we name as but one of the many miseries inflicted by the unprincipled conduct of parties en gags d in money trans actions, and occupying a station calculated to impose upon the unwary. S U N.—Affected by the uncertain state of the weather, as well as by the frequent recurrence of failures, one or two houses in the City having been repo.rted in a doubtful state, the Funds again exhibited to-d ay a want of buoy ancy. For immediate transfer, Consol realised 89* to and for the account they remained all day at 89+. Ex chequer Bills were offered more freel y at 13s. to 16s. premium, and East India Bonds at 45.. premium. Bank Stock retrograded from 1711 to 170, In it there was only one bargain at this decline. India S lock was firm at 249-i. The Reduced Three-and-a-Hal f per Cents. rea lised 991 to 1, and the Three per Cents- 90 to *. Foreign Stocks were heavy, and attracted but little notice. Spanish Active Bonds were at .20k ; Portu guese New Five per Cents. for account at 30 to 301 ; the Three per Cents. at 18i. Colombian at 191 to 20, and Brazilian at 68, the latter being a shade better. Da nish Bonds were at 78?,-. Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents. improved to 51i to 51+, and the Five per Cents. to 1011 to 102, in consequence of the accounts from Hol land alluding to reports in circulation, to the effect that the expose of the Finance Minister, upon the next meet ing of the States General, will show no longer a defi cient revenue, as compared with the expenditure, such have been the useful retrenchments of the new King's Go vernment. Shares had a tendency to recede. Great Western were at 20 to 181, the New at 8 to 91, and the Fifths at 51 to 54 premium. London and Birmingham shares were 70 to 71, and the Quarter ditto 171 premium. Brighton were Ito 7, and Black - wall 9 discount. Bristol and Exeter were 281, Birmingham and Derby Thirds 6, and Croydon t discount. Australasia Bank shares were 17 to 18 premium, and Colonial Bank 71 premium. The foreign exchanges were all lower this afternoon, and we may observe that the rate on London comes over rather lower from Hamburgh this afternoon, viz. 13, 5. Here the mere current quotations at which three months' paper has been negotiated are these :—Paris, 25 60 to 621; Amsterdam. 12 41; Antwerp, 12 31; Hamburgh, 13 81 to i; Frankfort 149+ to :1, and Trieste 9 55 to 57. EXPERIMENTS WITH PERCUS- SION SHELLS WooLwicn, JULY 23.—Application having been made by the Duke of Normandie, Mr. Smart, and Mr. Howard, the Master-General granted permission and the use of the guns in the marshes at Woolwich, and ordered that the experiments should take place to-day. At one o'clock Lieut.-General Lord Bloomfield, G.C.B. and G.C.H. ; Major-General Drummond, C.B. Director- General of Artillery; Col. Sir Hew D . Ross, le.C. 8., De puty Adjutant-General; Col. Paterson, Lieut.-Col. Dansey, C. 8., Dundas, C. 8., Lieut.-Colonel Cruttenden, Major Chalmer, Major Romer, and Brigade-Major Cuppage, arrived in the marshes, and shortly afterwards detachments of the Royal Artillery, under the command of Major 13elson, coin. menced practice. No. 1, a shell invented by Mr. Smart, on being fired, ex ploded about nine or ten yards from the mouth of the gun, or rather it may be said to have exploded in coming out of the mouth of the gun, as pieces wero dug up out of the earth about nine yards in front of the platform from which they were fired. No. 2. A shell invented by the Duke of Nonnantlie, ex ploded exactly in a similar manner on emerging from the mouth of the gun. No. 3. A shell invented by Mr. froward struck and went through both the bulwarks, exploding in the butt or mound of earth at the back of it. No. 4. Mr. Smart's burst on leaving the mouth of the gun in the same manner as No. 1. No. 5. Duke of Norreandie's exploded on being projected from the mouth of the gun, same as No. 2. Mr. Croucher, the electioneering agent, pointed out to the Duke that the heads of his shells were broke off in emerging from the gun owing to their construction, and, as the others were exactly similar, he thought it was of no use to try further experiments with them. Mr. Croucher appeared to belong to the Duke's party, as ho went home in the same carriage with them. Nos. 6,7, 8, and 9, were shells invented by 11r. Smart; three of them burst at the mouth of the gun and only one went through the bulwark, but it was very effective, spreading in all directions betwixt the two erections. Mr. Howard only fired one shell, as on opening the six brought to the marshes to place the composition which caused them to burst, within them, he was unable to replace the screws in their proper places, as they would not go home. While waiting for the vessels in the river passing so as to afford a clear range, the Duke of Normandie introduced to the notice of the officers and numerous spectators who were present, a figure covered with a white sheet, and on tying it to a post with a rocket at its side, and on uncovering it, it appeared like a Guy Fawkes, having a mask for a face, sur mounted on the part which might be considered the head with an old-fashioned French-shaped straw hat. The figure was stuffed with wood shavings, anal the Duke said he in tended to show that any person firing a common musket ball could do no harm to it, but if he fired at it with balls he had invented he would set it on fire, and then it would set fire to the rocket, but not before the rocket struck the ground or some hard object, although the rocket might be sur rounded by such great flames of fire as he would produce. A gunner and driver of the Royal Artillery fired two balls, and Loth went through the figure without effect. The Duke then fired two balls invented by him, but whether they entered the figure or not it was impossible to ascertain correctly. The Duke had his arm in a sling and complained of its being still sore from the effect of in j ur y it had received while he was making some former experiments, he accordingly asked Lieut.- Colonel Dundas to fire for him, and the Gallant Colonel sent five out of six balls through the figure without producing an v effect. The Duke then went to the figure with a lighted squib in his hand and endeavoured to set fire to the figure, but the squib went out. Having no more combustible materials about, he, with one of his assistants, was able to light a cigar, and with it set fire to the figure, having first torn the cotton to get at the shavings : the grotesqueness of the scene for full half an hour caused the most serious to laugh outright almost during the whole time, and when the rocket exploded, on fall ing to the ground a great portion of its contents fell amongst the spectators, several of whom ran for it in all directions. At about five o'clock the Duke proceeded to the butt or mound, on the top of which a hole had been previously dug to the depth of about six feet. Into this hole a box was put with which he was to blow up the svhd,? mound. The operations of placing the mine occupied about half an hour, and he said he had set the train to explode in another half hour, to afford time to get out of its way. When six o'clock struck no ex plosion took place ; and on one of the officers asking the Duke -how long it would be before his invention would have effect, he said he hid set it for half an hour, but as it had gone past that time, it was very possible it would not go off before three o'clock to-morrow afternoon. On being again asked if it would not go off before that time, as they could not wait, he said it was very possible it might go off this evening sometime, but he thought it would be to-morrow. Mr. Belson then gave instructions to place sentries at the entrance of the t..arshes until to-morrow afternoon, to prevent any person from going near the mound where the Duke's in vention is buried, and the question now is, who will go and dig it out, if it does not go off at all. one shoulder and coming out at the other, in which mi serable state of suffering it lived for some days. The C ur ß p he amused himself by shooting them and causing them to be worried by dogs, to the great annoyance of the de P st O ro L y l in C g E neighbourhood, and vexation of those families who were thereby deprived of their domestic favourites. The Judge found the complaint proved against the defender, purpose L o T i. Y dis T se O ctii iN th l ANIMALS. L a s n . d cats C COURT.—CRUELTY T th . e — p —Last week a young gentleman, residing at the south side of the town, was brought before the Judge of the Police Court, charged with wickedly, cruelly, and .mis chievously, shooting a cat, and hounding a dog upon an other cat, by which . the said cats were wounded and killed ; and also for wickedly and cruelly shooting a cat belonging to a family in the neighbourhood, the shot having passed through the animal's body, entering at defender, who is a medical student, was in the habit of and sentenced him to find caution for his good behaviour for twelve months, under a penalty of .51.—Edinburgh .Th,,,,,. ouNaADORE,-,THE pE Nsus.—The census, I fear, is much abused in thi§ pi of NI eojoily, 11f any aro put 4usvr asilusl person taking the names , i ri anda state the ov very ry adultery pe r s persons living d li vwinifge knows the entry to be false. There are also persons put down for a religion that they are not of. Indeed, I am sure it is greatly abused.—Australian Chronicle. ....-•••••••••••••••• D AY.) •rived the le, Ha ' iladrlphia Wanderer, the river, iflople, a❑d ae Alaria, llichardg, 'Lehi. The and .nehor a :ow of Is'° the Lord Amazon' Nassau; Radford, „ s h u. Saiied off, otos Qu` rtiro, fron The 0 repair; , t he PUO , , alta. ,bieNls, fir oet, ftolfl I,sborough with to of he S° Dier ide Har°l4 abeth r,Obin s°°' ailadelphia, the 31.es ni Withalll for th e ° Stolle, en Arric ea frriTu 13a" nicx s!l t. cis and S hi"l : for Tole , it Ceyl° l; ( 3larqu is ult., Fr o Oev.n Newibuna flutchio r4 [‘lag a 'f r oli star, ora Ifeg h' T 'i r, , Niv , Sit°? s°' faen, fro 1° Of for e ' atteflAoce. ‘2, 4 . .... ..... 61 rros ta rn w e 7tant weather' e rith o this war— d t b; an from , .11 e, w h l ct , the 1, - ov ec er; ;le e eti: e n ry b o et Paris , Ibs•c e , 23 tills coo an d iafers,a at 1 r ise' t o f G re ' requ"o to nest te lt • f , q ualiO de _ worl, be ent, 1 . 1 : 11at Y lue n u a litY; ad ( 4 - d on ter, s' during eye „woo; iat ,kets ° te , of DA Sta • fo n" 'l3 rPp ,n. that d ar ia r o jlav te ca -• kivg i ,!' cn' aarh a lf than- toie C sc ,, t er , ,t o f ; t,h.,allarif raorui' ,+bat G re ;, Lisa;el2:o;eil), sr i ' 0 ;ent de y e 0 e stele ‘f o r d co o,' r ala/ 3 Cba the 1y sir . 0 . pre, tb e tos' 89 i on do t he , 10 4 0 b 2 en has vieo 6 ., - „ 0 0 cf) ( ' pew , rd 3 cox Stec . ettll'" 50 .. fl or _ bo ll rt.; e e A lte r t:t rf o sc a :, c ouri v s . tads : spa 11 0 ' 1 01311 o 'jea e cu. , J r 1. 0 -35 ch ard t2l , he T o r 6:1 11 at f ij . oo Ai; (5 1; , F ir ;Vet i°e „ ' ( it d o ' i pt. 3l a ce! st terj. ,; far° ll . o o 5 05 1 Th 'jr I , co d s°o o`i, A i ar e `' P g ' „ r t. fii e rd, st • pre' P p . one fa ct iVe ' OP res 0 31'i ou otrY he o lead u t , c he s i; fi lesiP t i ona b oc • iage:pir ° • 1 Ll a' CO•S 11 1 . 0 9 of , ve, ce i;1,5" ; 1. ▪ ~ t oo r e 3d. ;l e Fe r vtO r P r e a , oi f e s' iii 11 5 c ociti e so lll . ° '670: r e ,, r g g isant's oing ' e %te l , l 9 o f the 15',, its e 1 3:3 51) 9 14( 3 „ te a t " h re: r e ,„ w and _. 1, t.'• 4 to 1 ,. ; •;i0: ``but '91.7 ke, cre suit °r' o' l3s‘ o f the di h e is t • t e t, i bere rio l e es firerrioe anc i bo t sleft , 4 1 ' en „5 311 it e, B il Tel' ;ri tl • r tsta t rilti i "(th e r et jthfi athS --' , THE SUN, lAONDON, SATURDAY, JULY 24, 16,41. COMMER,CIAL THE Y PORTUG AL AND THE UNITED STATES• con tracting parties ARTICLE L . lli There shall be between the territories of the hi g h co a reciprocal liberty of commerce and na vigation. The subjects and ettizens of their respective States shall mutually have liberty to enter the ports, places, and rivers of the territories of each party where ever foreign commerce is or shall be permitted. They shall be at liberty to sojourn and reside in all parts of said territories, in order to attend to their affairs, and they shall enjoy, to that effect, the same security and protection as natives of the country wherein they reside, on condition of their submitting to the laws and ordi nances there prevailinz, and particularly to the regula tions in force concerning commerce. ARTICLE IL Portuguese vessels arriving, either laden or in ballast, in the ports of the United States of America, and, re ciprocally, vessels of the United States of America arriv ing either laden or in ballast in the ports of the kingdom and possessions of Portugal, shall be treated on their en trance, during their star, and at their departure, upon tlae .acne footing aSaiiational vessels, coining from the same place, with respect to the duties of tonnage. light house duties, pilotage, port charges, as well as to t he fees and perquisites of public officers', and all other duties and • charges, of whatever kind or denomination, levied upon vessels of commerce, in the Lame or to the profit of the Government, the local authorities, or of any public or private establishment whatever. - ARTICLE M. No higher or other duties shall be imposed on the im portation into the United States of A mer i ca, or of any article the growth, produce, or manufacture of Portu gal, and her possessions ; and no higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation in the kingdom and possessions of Portugal, of any al-fide, the growth, produce, or manufacture of the United States•of Ame rica, than such as are, or shall be, payable on the like , article being .the growth, produce, or manufacture of any other foreign country. Nor shall any prohibition be imposed on the importa ti on or exportation of any article the groWth, produce, or manufacture of the. kingdom and possessions of Por tugal, or of the United States of America to or from the pores of the said states, or of the said kingdom and pos sessions of Portugal, which shall not equally extend to all other foreign nations. -Nei - shall any • higher or other ditties or charges be imposed us either of the two countries, on the exporta tion of any article to the United. States of America, or to the kingdom of Portugal, respectively, than such as are payable on the exportation of the like articles to any other foreign country. Provided; hoWever, that nothing contained in this ar ticle shall be Understood or intended to interfere with the stipulation entered into by the United States of Ame rica for a special equivalent in regard to French wines in the convention made by the said States and France on the 4th day of July, 1831 ;- which stipulation will expire and cease to have effect in the month of February, (From a paper by Dr. Charming.) THE DIFFUSION AND UNIVERSALITY OF INDUSTRY. " How numberless are the forms which this takes Into how many channels - is human labour pouring itsel, forth ! How widely spread is the passion for acquisi tion, not for simple means of subsistence, but for wealth! What vast enterprises agitate the community ! What a rush into all the departments of trade ! How next to universal, the insanity of speculation ! What new arts spring up ! Industry pierces the forests, and startles with her axe the everlasting • silence. To you, Gentle men, commerce is the commanding interest ; and this has no limits but the habitable world. It no longer creeps along the shore, or lingers in accustomed tracks, but penetrates into every inlet, plunges into the heart of uncivilised lands, sends its steam-ships up unexplored rivers, girdles the earth with railroads, and thus breaks down the estrangements of nations. Commerce is a noble calling. It mediate's between distant nationsoind makes men's wants, not, as formerly, stimulants to war, but bonds of peace. The universal intellectual activity of which I have spoken, is due in no small degree, to commerce, which spreads the thoughts, inventions , a nd writings of great men over the earth, and gathers scion ti fic and literary men everywhere into an intellectual re public. So it carries abroad the missionary, the Bible, the Cross, and is giving universality to true religion. Gentlemen, allow me to express an earnest desire and hope, that the merchants of this country will carry on their calling with these generous views. Let them not pursue it for themselves alone. Let them rejoice to spread improvements far and wide, and to unite men in more friendly ties. Let them adopt maxims of trade, which will establish general confidence. Especially in their intercourse with less civilised tribes, let them feel themselves bound to be harbingers of civilisation. Let their voyages be missions of humanity, useful arts, science, and religion. It is a painful thought, that com merce, instead of enlightening and purifying less privi leged communities, has too often made the name of Christian hateful to them, has carried to the savage, nut our useful arts and mild faith, but weapons of war and the intoxicating draught. I call not on God to smite with his lightnings, to overwhelm with his storms, the accursed ship which goes to the ignorant, rude • na- . tive, freighted with poison and death e which goes to add new ferocity to savage life, new licentiousness to savage sensuality. I have learned not to call down fire from heaven. But, in the.name of humanity, of religion, of God, I implore the merchants of this country, not to use the light of a higher civilisation to corrupt, to destroy our uncivilised brethren. Brethren they are in those rude huts, in that wild attire. Establish with them an intercourse of usefulness, justice, and charity. Before they can understand the name of Christ, let them see his spirit in those by whom it is borne. It has been said, that the commerce of our country is not only corrupting uncivilised countries, but that it wears a deeper, snore damning stain ; that, in spite of the laws of the lands and the protest of nations, it sometimes lends itself to the slave-trade ; that, by its capital, and accom modations, and swift sailers, and false papers, and pros tituted flag, it takes a part in tearing the African from his home and native shore, and in dooming him, first to the horrors of the middle passage, and then to the hope- ARTICLE IX. • I lessness of perpetual bondage. Even on men so fallen I ,call down no curse. May they find forgiveness from trailing God through the pains of sincere repentance ; but con- When Whenever parties the shallsu ebcetsfeorreecditizteensseoekf eitherrefug refuge o f r t yclounm in any of the livers, bays; ports or territories of the tinuing what they are, can I help shrinking from them . " other, with their Vessels, whether mercha nt or of war, ' as among the most infamous of their race ? through stress of weather, in pursuit of pirates or ene- Those arrogant and ambitious Governments, who fear mies, they shall be received and treated with humanity, to trust human nature, but have an overweening confi giving to them all favour, facility, and protection for re- dence in themselves, should study the following passage : pairing their ships, procuring provis ions, and p lacing THE CROWTII OF SOCIETY. themselves in a situation to continue their voyage with- " I see the danger of the present state of society, per out obstacle or hindrance of any kind. I haps as clearly as any one. But still I rejoice to have ARTICLE X. been born in this age. It is still true that human na- The two contracting parties shall have the liberty of ture was made for growth, expansion ; this is its proper having, each in the ports of the other, consuls, vice-con- life, and this must not be checked because it has perils. suls, agents, and commissaries of their own appoint- The child, when it shoots up into youth, exchanges its ment, who shall enjoy the same privileges and powers as early repose and security for ne w p assions, for strong those of the most favoured nation.' • I emotions, which are full of danger ; .but would we k ee p But before any consul, vice-consul, agent, or commis- I him for ever a child ? Danger we ca nnot avoid. It is a nary shall act as such, he shall, in the usual form, in be ,- 1 grand element of human life. W e alwa y s walk on proved and admitted by the Government to which he is sent. faith p in God and humanity, to deny to others and our preci ices. It is unmanly, unwise , it shows a want of But if any such consuls shall exercise commerce they shall be submitted to the same laws and usag es to which selves free scope and the expansion of o ur best p owers, because of the possible collisions and pains to be feared the private individuals of their nation are submitted, in from extending activity. Man ,indeed, sigh for security the same place in respect of their commercial t ransactions. y as the supreme good. But God intends us for something And it is hereby declared that, in case of offence better , for effort, conflict, and progress. And is it not against the laws, such consul, vice-consul, agent, or corn- I well to live in a stirring and mighty world, even though missary may either be punished according to law, or be Iwe stiffer from it ? If we look at outward nature, we sent back, the offended Government assigning to the find ourselves surrounded with vast and fearful elements, others reasons for the same. I air, sea, and fire, which sometimes burst all bounds, and The archives and papers of the consulates shall be re- ' overwhelm man and his labours in ruie. But who of us spected inviolably ;. and, under no pretext whatever, shall would annihilate these awful forces , would make the an Magistrate seize or in any way interfere with them. ocean a standing pool, and put to silence the load blast, The Consuls, Vice-Consuls, and commercial agents in order that life may escape every peril ; This myste shall have the right, as such, to sit as judg4s and ax- r ious, infinite, irresistible might of nature, breaking out bitrators in such differences as may arise between in countless forms and motions, makes nature the true. the Captains and crews of the vessels belong- school for man, and gives it all its interest. In the soul, ing to the nation whose interests are committed • still mightier forces are pent up, and their expansion has to their charge, without interference of the local I its perils. But all are from G od, who has blended with authorities, unless the conduct of the crews or of the them cheeks, restrain ts, balances, re-actions, by which all captains should . disturb the order or the tranquillity, or work together for go od. Let us never for g et that amidst offend the laWs of the country : or the said consuls, or this fearful stir there is a Paternal Providence, under commercial agents, should require their assistance to which the education of our race has gone on, and a cause their decision to be carried into effect, or supported. higher condition of humanity has been achieved. It is, however, understood that this species of judg- " There are, however, not a few, who have painful ment or arbitration shall not deprive the contending par- fears of evil from the restless, earnest action, which we tics of the right they have to resort, on their ret urn, to have see n s p readin g itself more and more hrough all the judicial authorities of their country. departments of society. They call the age wild, lawless, ARTICLE XI. presumptuous, without reverence. All men, they tell us, The said consuls, vice-consuls, and commercial agents are bursting their spheres, quitting their ranks, aspiring are authorised to require the assistance of the authorities selfishly after gain and pre-eminence. The blind moil. for the search; arrest, detention, and imprisonment of the titude are forsaking their natural leaders. T he p oor, who deserters from the ships of war and merchant vessels of are -the majority, are contriving against the rich. Still their country. more, a dangerous fanaticism threatens destruction to the For this purpose they shall apply to the competent tri- world under the name of Reform ; society totters ; pro bunals, judges, and officers, and shall in writing demand perty is shaken ; and the universal freedom of thought and the said deserters, proving by the exhibition of the action, of which so many boast, is the precursor of social registers of the vessels, the rolls of the crews,. or by any storms, which only despotism can calm. Such are the other official documents, that such individuals formed alarms of not a few ; and it is right that fear should part of the crews ; and this recla ma tion being thus sub- utter its prophecies as well as hope. But it is the true stantiated, the surrender shall be m ade without delay. office of fear to give a wise direction to human effort, Such deserters, when arrested, sh a ll be placed at the not to chill or destroy it. To despair of the race, even disposal of the said consuls, vice-consuls, or commercial in the worst times, is unmanly, unchristian. How much agents, and may be confined in the public prisons, at the more so in times like the present What I most lament request and cost of those who shall c l a i m th em , i n order in these apprehensions, is the utter distrust of human to be detained until the time whea they shall be restored nature which they discover. Its' highest powers arc to the veeeels to which they belonged, or sent - back to thought only to be restrained. They are thought to be their own country by a vessel of same nation, or any safe only when in fetters. To me there is an approach other vessel whatsoever. - to impiety in thinking so meanly of God's greatest work. But if not sent back within four months from the day Human nature is not a tiger which needs a constant of their arrest, they shalt be set at liberty, and shall not chain. In this case, it is .the chain which makes the be again arrested for the same cause. tiger. It is the oppressor who has made man fit only However; if the deserter shall be found to have corn- for a yoke." mitted any crime or offence, the surrender may be de- We sha ll finish b y quoting an eloquent passage, it - and' crime before whi c h 1 , ,* —ne e s h a ll b which Dr. Channing overthrows the opinion that. the din ARTICLE IV. The same duties shall be paid, and the same bounties, deductions, or privileges allowed on the importation into the United States of America of an y article, the growth, produce, or manufacture of Portugal and her possessions, whether such importation shall be in Portuguese vessels, or in vessels of the said States: and reciprocally the same duties shall be paid, and the same bounties, deductions, or privileges allowed on the importation into the king dom and possessions of Portugal, of any article, the growth, produce, or manufacture of the United States of America, whether such importation shall be in vessels of the said states, or in Portuguese vessels. ARTICLE V. It is agreed by the high contracting parties that when ever there may be lawfully imported into all . or any of the ports of the kingdom and possessions of Portugal, in vessels of any foreign country, articles of the growth, produce, or manufacture of a country other than that to which the importing vessels shall belong, the same privi lege shall immediately become common to vessels of the United States of America, with all the same rights and favours as may, in that respect, be granted to the most favoured nation. And reciprocally, in consideration thereof, Portuguese vessels shall thereafter enjoy in the same respect, privileges, rights, and favours to a con respondent extent, in the ports of the United States o America. ARTICLE XII. ..M MS case shah t€ P l o Y n e d cl i ng, until t a h ll e h t a ri v b e UM its sentenc e , and such. sen tence shall have been carried into effect. The subjects and citizens of each of the high con tracting parties shall have power to dispose of their per sonal goods within the jurisdiction of the other, by testa ment, donation, or otherwise, and their representatives shall succeed to their said personal goods, whether by testament or ab inte . statoold may take possession thereof, either by themselves or by others acting fur them, and disposere spective Governmen ts suc h dues only as the inhabita nts of th will, paying to th e profit of the said goods are shall be sub ject to pay iu like eases. country And where, on t he d eath of any person holding real es tate within the territories of one of the high contract ing e oo unf the try samewin wherein a e t w parties, such real estate would, by the laws of the land, descend on a subject or citizen of the other party, who, by reason of alienage, may be incapable of holding it, he shall be allowed the time fixed by the laws of the country, and in case the laWs of the country actually in force may not have fixed any such time, he then shall be allowed a reasonable time to sell or otherwise dispose of nch real estate, ato withd raw an d ex po r t the prg ceeds'wtthout moiestation, and without paying to the refit of the respective Governments any other dues ' than those to which the inhabitants of the country wherein the said real estate is situated shall be subject t o pay in like cases. ARTICLE If either party shall hereafter grant to any other na tion any particular favour in navigation or commerce, it I shall immediately become coinmon to the other party, freely, to where it is freely granted to such other nation, or on yielding the same compensation, or any equivalent, quarn proxi fize, when the grant is conditional. ARTI CLE IIer Most Faithful Majesty X and the United States of America, desiring to make as durable as circumstances will permit, the relations which are to be established between the two parties by virtue of this treaty or gene ral convention of reciprocal liberty of commerce and navigation, have declared solemnly, and do agree to the following points First—The present treaty shall be in force for six years from the date hereof, and further until the end of one year after either of the contracting parties shall have given notice to the other of its intention to terminate the same; each of the contracting parties reserve to itself the right of gividg :such notice to the other, at any time after the expiration of the said term of six years ; and it is hereby agreed between them, that on the expiration of one year after such notice shall have been received by either, from the other party, this treaty shall altoge ' tiler cease and terminate. Second—lf any one or more of the subjects or citizens of either party shall infringe any of the articles of this treaty, such subject or citizen shall be held personally responsible for the same ; and the harmony and good correspondence between the two nations shall not be in terrupted thereby, each party engaging in no way to pro txt the offender, or sanction such violation. • Third—lf (which, indeed, cannot be expected) unfor tunately any of the articles contained in the present treaty shall be violated or infringed, in any way what ever, it is expressly stipulated that neither of the con tracting parties will order or authorise any acts of repri sal, nor declare war against the other, on complaints of injuries or . damages, until the said party considering itself offended shall first have presented to the other a statement of such injuries or damages, verified by com petent proof, and demanded justice and 'satisfaction, and the same shall have been either refused or unreasonably delayed. Fourth—The present treaty shall be approved and rati fied by her Most Faithful Majesty, with the previous con sent of the general Cortes of the nation, and by the President of the United States of America, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate of the said States ; and the ratifications shall be exchanged in the city cf Washington within eight months from the date. hereof, or sooner if possible. In witness whereof the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the same, and have affixed thereto the seals of their arms. Bone in triplicate, in the city of Lisbon, August 26, in the year of our Lord 1840. (L. S.) ' EDWARD KAVANAGH. THE ['RESENT AGE. ARTICLE VI. All kinds of merchandise and articles of commerce whii!li may be lawfully exported or re-exported from the ports of either of the high contracting parties to any foreign country, in national vessels, may also be exported or re-exported therefrom in vessels of the other party respectively, without paying other or higher duties or charges, of whatever kind or denomination, than if the same merchandise or articles of commerce were exported or re-exported in national vessels. And the same bounties and drawbacks shall be allowed whether such exportation or re-exportation be made in vessels of the one party or the other. ARTICLE VII. _ _ It is expressly understood that nothing contained in this Treaty shall be applicable to the coastwise naviga tion of either of the two countries, which each of the high contracting parties reserves exclusively to itself. ARTICLE yiu. _ _ It is mutually understood jhat the foregoing stipula tions do not apply to ports and territories in the kingdom and possessions of Portugal, where foreign commerce and navigation are not admitted, and;that the commerce and navigation of Portugal, directly to and from the United States of America and the said ports and territories, are also prohibited. But her Most Faithful Majesty agrees that, as soon as the said ports and territories, or•any of them, shall be open to the commerce or navigation of any foreign na tion, they shall from that moment be also open to the commerce or navigation of the United States of America, with the same privileges, rights, and favours . as may be allowed to the most favoured nation, gratuitously, if the concession was gratuitously made ; or on allowing the same compensation, or an equivalent, if the concession was conditional. EVEN I NC;- SUN. on ; but at present the knowledge of the planetary mo tion, though possessed by a few, is so complete that it is more desirable . to spread it through the mass than in crease it in the few. We are far from supposing that nothing more is to be discovered or learned, but nature,- generous and free, abhors monopolies, and decides against aristocracies, in science, as well as in politics. We quite agree, therefore, with Dr. Charming is be lieving that this is the age of universality or diffusion, but we also believe that this is in the order of nature, and that mankind can only extend their knowledge and science, and increase their wealth and power, by diffusing pretty equally amongst the mass the stock already ac quired.. COURT CIRCULAR. s ion of knowledge- leads to the subversion of society, however dangerous it is to tyrants and tyranny. It shows that the slave conservatism of Peel and Stanly, of the priests and the landlords, is opposed to. TIIE REAL CONSERVATISM OF SOCIETY. " When I look into the great movements of the age, particularly as m anifested in our own country, th e y seem to me to justify no overwhelming fear. 'True, they are earnest and wide-spreading ; but the objects fur which they are directed are pledges against extensive harm. For example, ought the general diffusion of science, and literature, and thought, to strike dread ? Do habits of reading bread revolt ? Does the astronomer traverse the skies, or the geologist pierce the earth, to gather materials for assault on the social state ? Does the study of nature stir up rebellio n aga i nst i ts aut h or ? I s it the lesson which men learn from history, that they are to better their condition by disturbing the State ? Does the reading of poetry train us to insurrection ? .Does the diffusion of a sense of beauty through a people in cline them to tumult ? Are not works of genius and the fi ne arts soothing influences ? Is not a shelf of hooks ; in a poor man's house, some pledge of his licepinfr thP peace'? It daied, thought, q uestions and assails th e h o li est trut h . But i.; truth st: weak, so puny, as to need to be guarded by bayonets from assault ? Has truth no beauty, no mu;ht ? naS the human soul no power to weigh its evidence, .to reve- 4. mace its grandeur ? Besides, does not freedom " The properous part of society are, of course, par ticularly liable to the fear of which I have spoken. They see danger especially in the extension of power and free dom of all kinds to the labouring classes of society They look with a jealous eye on attempts to elevat these ; though one would think, that to improve a man was the surest way to disarm his violence. They talk of agrarianism. They dread a system of universal pillage. They dread a conspiracy of the needy against the rich. Now the manual labourer has burdens enough to beat without the load of groundless suspicion or reproach. It ought to be understood that the great enemies to society are not found in its poorer ranks. The mass may, in deed, be used as tools ; but the stirring and guiding powers of insurrection are found above. Communities fall by the voices of the prosperous ranks. We are referred to Rome, which was robbed of her liberties, and reduced to the most degrading vassalage, by the lawlessness of the plebeians, who sold themselves to demagogues, and gave the republic into the hands of a dictator. But what made the plebeians an idle, dissolute, rapacious horde ? It was the system of universal rapine, which, under the name of conquest, had been carried on for ages by patricians, by all the powers of the State ; a system, which glutted Rome with the spoils of the pillaged world—which fed her popula tion without labour, from the public treasures, and cor rupted them by public shows. It was this which helped to make the metropolis of the earth a sink of crime and pollution, such as the world had never known. It was time that the grand robber-state should be cast down from her guilty eminence. Her brutish populace, which followed Cmsar's car with shouts, was not worse than the venal, crouching Senate which registered his decrees. Let not the poor bear the burden of the rich. At this moment, we are groaning over the depressed and disho noured state of our country ; and who, let me ask, have shaken its credit, and made so many of its institutions bankrupt ? The poor or the rich ? Whence is it that the income of the widow, the orphan, the aged, have been narrowed, and multitudes on both sides of the ocean brought to the brink of want ? Is it from an outbreak of popular fury ? Is it from gangs of thieves sprung from the mob ? We know the truth, and it shows us where the great 'danger to property lies. " Communities fall by the vices of the great, not . 1 the small. The French Revolution is perpetually sounded in our ears, as a warning against the law lessness of the people. But whence came this re volution ? Who were the regicides ? Who beheaded Louis XVL ? You tell me the Jacobins ; but his tory tells a different tale. I will show you the beheaders of Louis XVI. They were Louis XIV. and the Regent who followed him, and Louis XV. These brought their descendant to the guillotine. The priesthood, who revoked the Edict of Nantes, and drove from France the skill, and industry, and virtue, and piety which were the sinews of her strength ; the states men who intoxicated Louis XIV. with the scheme of universal empire ; the profligate, prodigal, shameless Orleans ; and the still more rutalised Louis XV. with his court of panders and prostitutes ;—these made the nation bankrupt, broke asunder the bond of loyalty, and overwhelmed the throne and altar in ruins. We hear of the horrors of the revolution ; but in this as in o ther things, we recollect the effect without thinking of the guiltier cause. The revolution was indeed a scene of horror ; but when I look back on the reigns which pre ceded it, and which made Paris almost one great stew and gaming -house, and when I see altar and throne desecrated by a licentiousness unsurpassed in any former age, I look on scenes as shocking to the calm and search her eye of reason and virtue, as the 10th of August and the massacres of September. Bloodshed is indeed a terrible spectacle ; but there are Other things almost as fearful as blood. There are crimes that do not make us start and turn pale like the guillotine, but are deadlier in their workings. God forbid- that I should say a word to weaken the thrill of horror with which we contemplate the outrages of the French Revolution. But when I hear that revolution quotsd to frighted us from Reform, to show us the danger of lifting up the depressed and ig norant mass, 1 must ask whence it came ? and the an swer is, that it came from the intolerable weight of mis government and tyranny, from the utter want of culture among the mass of the people, and from a corrup e. tion of the great, too deep to be purged away except by destruction. lam also compelled to remem ber, that the people, in this their singular madness, wrought far less woe than kings and priests have wrought, as a familiar thing, in all ages of the world. All the murders of the French Revolution did not amount, I think, by one-fifth, to those of the " Mas sacre of St. Bartholomew." The priesthood and the throne, in one short night and day, shed more blood, and that the best blood of France, than was spilled by Ja cobinism, and all other forms of violence during the whole revolution. Even the atheism and infidelity of France were due chiefly to a licentious priesthood and a licentious court. It was religion, so called, that dug her own grave. In offering this plea for the multitude, I have no desire to transfer to the multitude uncontrolled political power. I loo'e at power in all hands with jea lousy. I wish neither rich nor poor to be my m a m a , What I wish is, the improvement, the elevation of all classes, and especially of the most numerous c l ass ; be cause the • most numerous, because the mangy a man kind, and because no social progress ca n b hoped re bu; from influences which penetrate and raise tl i i t e ept men. The mass must not be confi ne d mass d down of wn and through a vague dread of revolutions requiring such a sacrifice, would be too: Asocialdeai order dearly bought. No order should satisfy that its, but which i s i n har mony with universal improvement and freedom." We are glad to see 1)r. Chaining r.O spiritedly throw ing back on the rich, even in _ America, those charges which they and their satellites of the press are continu ally heaping Ott the po or and the industrious classes throughout the world, and nowhere so continually and so vehemently as here, where the rich and the titled — the proud Nobles and the luxurio us Bishops,arc rich and luxurious by the plunder they continually practice on the industrious el tinually represent thasses, and where the plundererscoi7 heart than to plundere t p i f i j e or As as having no other ttrulyly object at t justly hints, th e d anger t ll r. I Chinning ere a s w e ll as America,. spring s not frontrheirdusitrijus m asses, but t o i property from horrible abuses of the right of property , which are practi se d b y our B o lli ngs and our Bruens, and by the whole race of our tithe -exacting and our law-making aristocracy. Bat leaving duals and pampered classes, who pampered indivi prostitute law and go vernment to individual and class purposes, we must turn for one moment to the bright views of the course of so ciety whi c h Dr. Charming has conferred a benefit on mankind by now making public. This is properly the age of the niffusion of knowledge, of science, and of art, rather than the age of-greater discoveries, except those which arise from the diffusion. It may be said of know ledge, as of money, that,. like ma nure, it is of no use till it be spread. • One or a few h eads can noo longer carry all that is known ; an d to preserve it, as well as increase it, more must be called to share it. What further there is to learn cannot be known, and till some genius arises to tell us, and make further discoveries, we may be perMitted to suppose that the proper vocation of learned and scien . We hear undoubtedly of superficial tific men is to spread abroad what they know, a great many coraplaints and of the want of depth in our men of learning, b u t those who make the complaint science, must h e informed that deep ploughing very to ft en turns up a worthless sub - soil , and that it is the breaking and eillieg of a large surface which gives us Vehiable crops. At present it would seem that nearly rill teltieli eau Use heave. of the earth is known. There are are fevaparts of it unexplored or unvisited by those with whom all am in connnimication. In the course of time the motion of the sun and of the fixed stars may be ascertaincl, but probably this will be the result of centu ries of observation. It may, then, too, be proved beyond a doubt that the creation of new worlds is always going WINDSOR, FRIDAY.—Last evening the Earl of Surrey arrived at the Castle on a visit to her Majesty. and the Earl and Countess of Uxbridge, and the Ladies Ekanora and Constance Paget, had the honour of joining the Royal circle at dinner. This morning her Majesty and Prince Albert walked out as usual in the Park, and her Royal Highness the Princess Royal was taken to Adelaide Cottage. In the afternoon her Majesty and the Queen of tho- Belgians rode out in a carriage and four in the Park,. accompanied by his Royal Highness Prince Albert on. horseback, and attended by the Dowager Lady Lyttel ton, Countess Vilaiu XIV., the Marquis of Headfort, and other ladies and gentlemen of the Royal suite, either in carriages or on horseback. Her Majesty inspected to-day the finished etching by Samuel Cousins, A.R.A., from the original picture, of the Queen receiving the Holy Sacrament at the Coro nation, by C. It. Leslie, R.A. (the properrj• of the Queen), which was submitted by Mr. Moln. Her Ma jesty was most graciously pleased to express her - proval. His Royal Highness the Duke do Brabant is much better. • Lady Caroline Barringi;on and Mr. George E. Anson. will hare the honour of dining with her Majesty at the Castle this evening. It is expected that her Majesty and Prince Albert will leave Windsor on Monday for Woburn Abbey, to honour the Duke and Duchess of Bedford with a visit.. Prince George of Cambridge left town on Thursday, on a visit to her Royal Highness the Duchess of Glou cester, at her residence. Baphot Park. The Prince returned to town yesterday afternoon. Her Royal Highnee3 the Duchess of Cambridge, ac companied by the Princess Mary of Cambridge, took an airing on Thursday to her residence at Kew, returning to Cambridge House in the course of the afternoon. M. Morens, the Buenos Ayrean Minister at this Court, has returned from Paris, where he has been on a tem porary absence. Viscount Palmerston left town on Thursday afternoon, on his return to Windsor Castle. Despatches from Sir John Franklin, Governor of Van Diemen's Land, and also from the Governor of the Bahamas, were received yesterday at the Colonial-office. HAMBURGH MAIL. COPENHAGEN, JULY 15.—His Majesty is now so much better that henceforward no bulletin will be issued except on Mondays. HANOVER, JULY 18.—An extraordinary supplement to the Hanoverian Gazette of the 17th contains an ex tremely long proclamation of his Majesty, in which he enumerates his reasons for dissolving the General As sembly of the Estates of the kingdom. Among others he states that the majority of the Second Chamber had. shown by its conduct that it was incapable of following the duties incumbent on it. The Hanoverian Gazette contains a Royal rescript, dated the 3d instant, determining the manner in which the Crown Prince shall affix his signature to public do cuments in case he should come to the Government with out having recovered his sight. HANOVUIt, JULY 17.—The Crown Prince has been in disposed for some days, and is daily visited by the King his father. It is said that the Prince will shortiv go to the island of Norverney, for the benefit of sea-liathing. Already, before the death of the Queen there was a ge neral report of a plan to marry the Crown Prince, and it was believed that a marriage of his loyal Highness to , one of his cousins, the Princess of Anhalt Dessau, was in contemplation. These reports are now renewed, and, it is added, that the intended union will be accelerated, because it may afford his Majesty some consolation under the severe loss which he has sustained. Nothing positive is known respecting the movements of the King.. It is said his Majesty will soon go to Rothenkirchen, and then to Ems ; and oth e r accou nts are that he will not leave the capital at all, though the physician strongly recommends him to take the waters. WARSAW, JULY 11.—By an Imperial ordinance of the 15th of last month, the Government of Cracow is to be called henceforth the Government of Kielee after the capital town, to avoid the identity of name with the ad joining Republic of Cracow.--Prussian State Gazette, July 16. ST. PETERSBURGIL JULY 10.—Councillor Cremer is appointed Russian Consul-General in Egypt, in the room of Count Von Medem, who is recalled to Russia. Since the commencement of the navigation, the value of goods exported from St. Petersburgh is 3,330,350 silver roubles. At the same time last year it was only 4,783 roubles. RA BORSEN HALLE, JULY :0. Bills. Mane) , lctil4 Austrian 5 per Cents. flank Shares 1635 Angle-Russian Loan IP-% it.),, Russian 5 per Cent. ISt FMCS, Certificate EL% 10'.! inscription, Ist Seii: - .1. W.. ., • - 131% Rus:ian 5 per Cant. Hope and Co. 3d and 4th Series —............ ........ .. . .......... .... 9 -71 m . tY7 t .i Ditto in Certificates ....... ...................... ....... VIN New 4 per Cent. (1540) ST,ti, SS Dutch Actual Dcbt, 2 he( Cent SO3 Ditto S per Cent...—. .......... .. Polish Boni New Picket Anglo-Danish Loan, 3 per Ceet N...twcgian Loan, 164 N, 4 per Cenz Spanish, New 5 per Cents zflu i ._ .._ ~ • EXCHANGES ONT LONDON. FIAEruRu, JULY 2 .-13 months, 1.3 5. CLIRISTIANIA, JULY 7.—Tnec monthe, 4 :.12. 5T0CK1,3.714, JULY 23.—Servnt3'-five thy , 12 0. BERLIN, JULY 17. —Three months, G. ISS Money. CORONER'S INQUEST. Yesterday afternoon an inquest was held at the Greyhound lain, Sydeuhato, before Mr. J. C. Carttar, upon view of the body of the Rev. John Dyer. The first witness, Mr. Henry Dyer, son of the deceased, stated that he had resided with his father, who was a minister at Sydenham. He saw him last alive at eleven o'clock on Wednesday night in his bed-room. His deceased faller ap peared much excited in the afternoon previous to his death, walking about from room to room in a most restless manner. About seven o'clock in the morning he was called by one of the servants, and immediately went down, when he found his un fortunate parent in a tank of water, in the cellar, with his feet hanging out. He instantly procured assistance and got the deceased out. CorioNEat— What was the nature of the circumstance that induced you to sleep in the same room as the deceased? Mr. Dyer—My mother, upon goinc , into her bed-room, saw my father hid something under the bed-clothes, and upon 'moving them she discovered a razor. The razor-case was lying open on the dressing-table. In consequence of this, everything, in the shape of a dangerous weapon was put out of the way. Air. Dyer added, that he attributed his father's state of mind to arise from anxiety, having been extensively engaged on a public business for she last month. He had no doubt that deceased had committed the act himself, being at the time in an unsound state of mind. Jane Marshall was then sworn, and stated that she was servant to the deceased gentleman. On Thursday mornin, at seven ,o'clock, upon coming down stairs, she discovered that her master was. not in his bed-room, the door of which was open, as also were the • other doors at the back of the house. She went out and called a bey, as was her usual custom. Directly after she discovered the legs of her deceased master hanging out of the cistern, which was situated in a covered archway. She instantly called Mr. Henry Dyer, the last wit ness; and Mr. Gilbert, a surgeon, residing next door, was sent for. The tank was full of water on the previous night, but upon the deceased being found it was only three parts full. By the CORONER. —She thought it was her master from not seeing him in his bed-room. Joseph Hall stated that he was in the employ of Mr. Henry Doo, coal-m erc h an t, at S y d en h a m ;he was passing deceased'swns , house, wh en h e was ca ll e d by the last witness. He wentil an the no assisted nothng l lb Tut- this . Henry night. D: h e i r t t n getting ro m thdeescietaus.setdi situation f . person could have put deceased in. he A h lr ad . attended d G e d a daily . sate of mind, anti from symptoms found him in a very excited hsourdgecooena,seodf Fiasb,uinrye-epynemesedna vi s l t , a o t k e . d that o that he sheuld be uarr owl y m delusion. to be under the lath:mice of a of insanity that he noticed in.attlace.ie,dde.ccasrehde hdeeoegasaveeddairpepeetarieedns The CoitoNE rked that the watching had not been gentleman might have left the house effectual. and walked int o pond, c e ased the tank had not been at hand. The deceased asked Mr. Gay if he did not consider The CORONER also d thi%Tarthrca. koeaecesar ifodrbtehediddenceoats.e was necessary ? CORONER then summed up, and the Jury, after a short de;iheration, returned a verdict—" That the deceased gentle= man destroyed , himself, being at the time in a state of tempo rary insanity." The deceased, who was fifty-seven years of age, has left a wife and family of nine children, and the unfortunate cir curnstaice of his death has created a most painful sensation in -vdenham. A LITTLE AMUSEMENT FOR ARITHMETI CIANS.—What is the circumference of a ball, whose dia meter is eight inches ; also the convex superfices, the number of solid inches, and its weight ? A circular well, 150 yards deep, and 13 feet 4 inches diameter, for solid yards, and 14 inches brickwork ; how many rods of work, and how many bricks will it require, and how many hogsheads of water at eleven feet diameter will it contain : A deal baulk, the length of which being 20 feet, breadth and depth each 18 inches ; how many solid feet, and how many joists 3 by 6 may be cut ; how many feet of inch board, and how many 12 feet floors will it lay ? How many hogsheads of water did it take to deluge the earth, to the height o ( 2 five miles, the earth itself 8,000, consequentlye tly thearth and water together was 8,010 miles diameter.—Australian Chronicle. CARDIGAN BOROUGHS.—Frorn an address issued by Mr. Harford we perceive that that gentleman, in a most honourable manner, declines taking any advantage of the circumstance of the poll-books being lost. The Lilowing is the language used by l‘lr. Harford-:—" I cannot commence my parting address without at once expressing my deep con cern and regret at the subtraction of the Aberystwith poll books, whether it has been by accident or fraud ; if the latter, I want language strong enough to denounce the malignancy of the act. The Mayor of Cardigan has made, in consequence, a double return, although it is well known that Mr. Pryse has a majority of votes over me. I beg publicly to state that, under these circurnAances, I feel in honour bound to u.e no advantage afiorded me by the double return, to impede Mr. Pryse from peaceably taking possession of his seat at the ensu ing Pa.rliament ; and should the present election be voided from the loss of the poll-books, or any informality in conse quence thereof, I shall feel equally restricted from opposing his re-election. I reserve of course the tight of petitioning. against the present return on any legal grounds." In a subsequent ' the r t ? r n of o rie s h i b s y addressobserving, ir. H arford na sdtetand e reflect s Conservative ofb e u i n pn tote iyiap e ez t: ri n t d yb u y c e t of con nected n - neeted with these boreughs, the influence of circumstances well known to yourselves, peen united in my support, our cause would have triumphed."— ' , 13ristol Gazette. thought, when most unrestrained, carry a conservative I power in itself ? In such a state of things, the erring do not. all embrace the same error. Whilst truth is one and the same, falsehood is infinitely various. It is a house divided against itself, and cannot, stand. Error soon passes away, unless upheld by restraint on thought. History tells us, and the lesson is invaluable, that the physical force, which has put down free inquiry, has bisen the main bulwark of the superstitions and illusions of past ages. " In the next place, if we look at the chief direction of the universal activity of the age, We shall find that it is a conservative one, so as to render social convulsion next to impossible. On what, after all, are the main energies of thiS restlessness spent ? On property, on wealth. High and low, rich anti poor, are running the race of accumula tion. Property is the prize for which all strain their nerves; and the vast majority compass in some measure this end. And is such a society in danger of revulsion ? Is tu melt the way to wealth ? Is a state of insecurity coveted by men who own something and hope for more ? Are civil laws, which, after all, have property for their chief concern, very likely to be trodden under foot by its wor shippers ? Of all the dreams of fear, few seem to me more baseless than the dread of anarchy among a people who are possessed almost to a man with' the passion for gain. lam especially amused when, among such a people, I sometimes hear of danger to property and society; from enthusiastic, romantic Reformers, who preach levelling doctrines, equality of wealth, quaker plainness of .dress, vegetable food, and community-sys tenis, where all are to toil and divide earnings alike. What ! Danger from romance and enthusiasm in this money-getting, self-seeking, self-indulging, self-display ing land. ! I confess that to me it is a comfort to see some outbreak of enthusiasm, whether transcendental, philanthropic, or religious, as a proof that the human spirit is not wholly ingulfed in matter and business, that it can lift •up a little the mountains of worldliness and sense with which it is so borne down. It will be time enough to fear, when we shall see fanaticism of any kind stopping ever so little the wheels of business or pleasure, driving ever so little from man's mind the idea of gain, or from woman's the love of display. Are any of you dreading an innovating enthusiasm ? You need only to step into the streets to be assured that property and the world are standing their ground against the spirit of re form as stoutly as the most worldly man could desire. " Another view which quiets my fear as to social or der, from the universal activity of the times, is the fact that this activity appears so much in the form of steady labour. It is one distinction of modern over ancient times, that we have grown more patient of toil. Our danger is from habits of drudgery. The citizens of Greece and Rome were above work. 'We seem to work with something of the instinct of the ant and the bee ; and this is no mean security against lawlessness and revolt. "Another circumstance of our times which favours a quiet state of things, is the love of comforts whicti the progress of arts and industry has spread over the com munity. In feudal ages and ancient times, the mass of the population had no such pleasant homes, no such de fences against cold and storms, no such decent apparel, no such abundant and savoury meals, as fall to the lot of our population. Now, it must be confessed, though not very flattering to human nature, that men are very slow to part with these comforts, even in defence of a good cause, much less to throw them away in wild and sense less civil broils. t