The Sun. — London, England, 1870-09-17 00:00:00

THE WAR. PARIS PREPARED FOR A SIEGE. The - Liberte says that Paris must suffice for itself, and it has nothing to do with the discussions of diplomatists. These_ must not interfere with the duty that lies before Frenchmen to defend their capital. Paris at this moment is in the position of Achilles, when he cast off his feminine vestments, and his golden tunics, at the sight of arms. It has to prove itself in the face of the enemy first of all, and afterwards of Europe. Such a proof it says, will have been given before a week has passed. Our woods burn, our bridges are blown up, our roads are cut, our public gardens are turned into parks for artillery, our boule vards into cantonments and our saloons into hos• pitals. After the lapse of fifty-eight years, Paris follow the example of Saint Moscow—Moscow, the true Russian town. In 1812 the flames of Moscow inflicted such injuries on Imperial France that she died three years afterwards. In 1870 the flames in the suburbs of France will save the French Republic. Let diplomatists, then, discuss and .combine, weigh the pros and cons, measure what humiliations France can undergo, and estimate what Prussia may exact for her renown, but we must make up ourminds to fight. With our Chassepots our mit railleuses, and our cannons, we will furnish arguments for discussion. We shall soon see how much simpler the negotiations at London, St. Petersburg, Vienna, Wash ington-, and even at Berlin, will become when we can answer captious counsels and exorbitant demands with the simple words, " Paris has resolved to resist coute qui THE SOCIETE DE SECOURS ON THE BATTLE FIELD, M. de Pressen* who is attached to one of the ambu lances of the Sociad de Secours has given an interesting account of his labours on the battle field at Sedan. M. de Pressens4 is a Protestant pastor, and discharged the office of chaplain to the society. The division to which he belonged had 20 surgeons, 2 Catholic chaplains, 1 Pro testant chaplain, and 80 volunteers. As they started on their charitable enterprise they re ceived the warmest greetings. At Chalons they passed the corps of General Failly, and were struck by its harassed and travel stained appearance. Afterwards they saw MacMahon, who would gladly have attached them to his army. They were particularly struck by his melancholy aspect. The party arrived at Beaumont, near the scene of action, which was to be their headquarters, on August 29, and immediately learned that fighting was going on in the charming Bois des Dames, close at hand. There could not, says the pastor, have been a more striking and painful contrast than be tween the beautiful scenery around and the carnage of the battle-field. The wounded were distributed in the neigh bourhood, and the first surgical operations were performed in the salon of a splendid chateau in which the piano was still left. It is certain, says the narrator, that without the aid of the society a large number of the wounded must have died untended on the battlefield. The operations were numerous and serious in their nature, but the sol diers bore them bravely. At such moments the real gran deur of human nature displays itself, and the wounded or dying soldier thinks not of himself, but of his family and his God. " I beg you," said one dying young man weeping, " WI, my father so as not to startle him.' Another cried out, at the very moment of amputation, " I can never use my arm again to work for my poor father!" The occasional military references of the pastor fully confirm the accounts already given of the incapacity and negligence of the French administration. He says they surpassed imagination. On the fatal 30th the unfortu nate and incompetent General Failly treated as an alarmist the messenger who said that the enemy was commencing the action; and the regiments were quietly making soup when the mitrailleuse opened fire upon them, One of the ambulances of the society was in the middle of the, battle-field, in the .midst of the rain of balls; but the surgeons did not hesitate to traverse the fire to open a second ambulance, which was required by the increasing number of wounded, whose blood flooded the rooms. Close by a housewas iu flames, now and then a shell would burst in the ambulance and strike one of the wounded men. The fight lasted two hours, which seemed short, for the assis tants were engrossed with the terrible sufferings before them. When the cannonade from Mouzon began there were some hundreds of wounded, and the surgeons were hard at work, while the chaplains and some others searched the field of battle and its vicinity in quest of fresh victims, stooping among the bushes and listening for the least sigh or murmur of a wounded man. To their great relief they met some gentlemen bringing large waggons for the conveyance of the wounded. The ,village of Beaumont took 1,000, and ,distributed them throughout its houses, while the twenty surgeons worked incessantly. Unfortunately, the supplies of nour ishment were very insufficient, for the Prus sians had drained the resources of the locality. The wounded French who could walk were taken prisoners to Germany, and asked for bread, with tears in their eyes, after their long fast. The chaplain arranged for a distribution of bread and soup to them from the ambu lance at midday, the hour fixed for their departure• They were compelled, however, to go off an hour earlier, and could not have it ! The Prussians in general observed the conven tion of Geneva, and when one of their officers infringed i a formal apology was made. They allow no irregularities among their troops, but they are implacable towards the peasantry whom they shoot without pity, if they defend themselves. The pastor says he shall never forget the despairing appeal of a man who vainly begged for mercy, on account of his four little children. The services of the ' ambulances were impartially divided, and the chaplain at one moment performed the last offices for a dying French Protestant commander and the next said the last solemn words over the grave of a Prussian captain. Ordinary military arrangements, he says at the close of his interest ing account, could not have sufficed for a tenth part of the assistance demanded. THE CAMP AT BEVERLOO. A correspondent of the Constitutionnel writes from the Camp at Beverloo on the 11th of September. He says : —We have about three thousand prisoners, debris of the regiments of MacMahon's army, and more arriving daily from Sedan. Belgium, whose sympathy has been so warmly shewn on our behalf, is not a prison for our brave soldiers, but an asylum—an asylum where they find com rades and friends, where their language is spoken, and their misfortune appreciated. As a prisoner in either place, better a thousand times be in Belgium than in Germany. In the former one seems to be again in some part of France, but in the latter there is a void experienced, an isolation ; it is a transportation into the middle of the enemy. I have conversed to-day with several of our soldiers, who arrived here yesterday after having escaped from the escort who were conducting them beyond the Rhine, and all declared in a decided manner that rather than allow themselves to be taken into Germany they would have killed themselves. They spoke with tears in their eyes ; and rage in their hearts of their defeats and their suffer ings. A Belgian officer told me in great excitement of the sad state in which they had been on their arrival. They could scarcely stand, were emaciated, and covered with mud, half naked, and in rags, and sinking from fatigue and want. It would never have been supposed possible that our soldiers could have been reduced to such a state of penury. The greater number of them were in tears, some sad and silent, and others indulged in indignant comments respect ing the conduct of their generals. It was a har rowing spectacle. They had not lost their courage, and would have been glad of the opportunity of returning to the fight if they had been told, "You are f ree ; you shall have generals, munitions, provisions ; go on, march against the enemy." In seeing and conversing with our prisoners at Beverloo, one is fully capable of estimating the extent of the errors which have been committed since the beginning of the war. On the Ist of September the first arrest was made of our soldiers, who had penetrated into the Belgian territory. A Belgian brigadier was on the route of Mainterne, in company with a gendarme, when he saw thirty French Lancers, who mistook him and his friend for Prussians, and prepared to fire on them. The brigadier exclaimed, " Halt Belgium neuter. Lay down your arms." The French gave themselves up accord ingly. Some hours afterwards the same brigadier met another French column, whom he summoned to surrender in re spect to the Belgian neutrality. The two detachments were sent to Namur, and from thence to Beverloo, with the exception of the officers, who are imprisoned in the towns of South Belgium. The camp of Beverloo is put under the command of an excellent man, Lieutenant- Colonel Monvide, who takes the greatest interest in our soldiers. A Major Brassine seconds him with most laud able zeal. At first the soldiers, when lodged, felt well ; but now the various groups are divided, and attempts are made to unite the remnants of a regiment or a company. Thanks to the arrangements which are made and the dis cipline which is imposed, the most perfect order is estab lished in the camp, and our soldiers enjoy nearly as much liberty as their Belgian comrades. For the most part they are satisfied with their position. The ordinary food of the Belgian soldier is given to the French prisoners, who receive in addition from all parts of Belgium, snuff, cigars, wine, liqueurs, books, paper, and moneys. The Belgians display the greatest hospitality towards them, as they do to our wounded countrymen. Among the prisoners are some musicians of the line regiments. They have formed an orchestra, which is excellent, and round which our soldiers love to assemble, and listen to some marches and airs which remind them of their country and recall visions of the national glory which filled their heads when they set out on their campaign. All wait with feverish anxiety for news from Paris ; all hope, all believe, that France will rouse herself ; all reckon upon the effect of an impetuous movement of the nation, and on its patriotism. You have reason for belief and for hope, brave men, whom defeat has not weakened, whose honour has remained intact. France has been surprised ; she has not been defeated ; her great mind has roused itself, after a long sleep. Be confident that her efforts will restore to us the glorious days of our fathers. I leave the camp to direct my steps towards the frontier. THE suN I LONDON, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 17, tB7O. PLAN OE PARIS AND ITS FORTIFICATIONS. army of 19,000 men surrendered to the Prussians under General Vogel von Falkenstein. T clO. Capitulation at Sedan. The French reserve army, composed of 83,000 men, under Marshal MacMahon, surrendered to the allied German forces commanded by the King of Prussia. The Emperor Napoleon 111. was made prisoner. bore on his right side a diamond cross of the Legion of Honour, and saluted M. Duruy, ex-Mnister of P üblic Instruction, for it was he, " Your place should be at the head of a battalion," said the Admiral. " My place," replied the Minister, "is in the ranks of the defenders of my country. Soldiers are better for commanders." "We shall meet on the ramparts," said the Admiral. " That is Our duty," replied M. Duruy ; "we shall perform it with courage, firmness, and success." At these words loud cheers were given by those who had witnessed the scene. French agriculture has already lost more than one hun. dred and sixty millions sterling in the departments over• run. A letter from Boulogne to the Echo du Nord says that the light-hearted Minister, M. Emile 011ivier. has embarked there for England. He was accompanied by his wife, and appeared suffering and out of spirits. M. Crdmieux, the Minister of Justice, who has just arrived at Tours, has made a proclamation announcing that as the enemy is marching on Piris the Government of National Defence engaged in the task of saving the capital have commissioned him to under take the charge of .the departments which are not invaded, with the assistance of delegates, from each office of the Ministry. He therefore appeals to the patriotism of the people to erect an insurmountable barrier against the foreign invader. In conclusion, he invokes the memories of 1792 to aid in rejecting from the soil of the Republic the foe which an odious and incapable Government allowed to invade it. The private apartments of the Empress have at tracted much notice from curious persona who are igno rant of the mysteries of palace arrangements. The Em press was afraid to sleep alone, and had one of her ladies of honour in constant attendance. The members of the Napoleon family have always been very presumptuous, and the Empress is said 4- ,o have written to M. X—, begging him to send her by return of the courier 75,000 francs of pocket money which she had left by accident in a chiffo nier. M. X— replied with the greatest politeness that the postal communications had been stopped. It is stated that a gentleman, an enthusiastic admirer of the Third Napoleon, has arrived at Sedan express from Brussels for only one reason—to rest for a few moments upon the couch the ex-Emperor occupied on the night between the Ist and 2nd of September. It is said in Paris that the Journal Officiel de la Repub lique will shortly publish the names of those ladies and gentlemen who were in the pay of the late Government. We are told that M. de ICeratry has found a bundle of receipts, and that when Paris learns who the recipients of the Imperial bounty were it will be greatly astonished. The battle-field at Sedan is covered by a host of resolute sightseers. Not only does British curiosity resort thither ; America sends her representatives ; and either from or rid Belgium the investigating tourist wends his indefatigable steps in search of new sensations. Chateau Bellevue, where the Emperor surrendered himself, is, as might be anticipated, the great centre of attraction. A letter from Diedeveiler,in the circle of Sarrebruck, to the Cologne Gazette, gives a sample of the misery which reigns in the Belgian frontier. It says :—We are here in consequence of the war, in a state of extreme misery. Out of three thousand workers there are no more than four hundred left, who can hardly gain enough to buy bread, and materials for their work. The Soir says that M. Commissaire, formerly a repre sentative of the people, has been made Governor of the Chateaux of Saint Cloud, Mendon, and Malniaison, and charged with the surveillance of the manufactures of S4res. The riches which had accumulated in these various places have been put in safe places, and the animals which were in the parks killed, and sent to Paris to be salted. The Paris correspondent of the Independance Beige, who has now removed to Tours, says that positive infor mation has been received in that town which is alarming alike to Prussian and French. Cholera and typhus fever have broken out in the Prussian army at Sedan; and from 50 to 55 men are dying daily. One evening 35 additional coffins were ordered from one of the undertakers. A thousand men who had escaped the war unhurt had to be left in the village of Rethel laid up with these diseases. The forts which surround Paris have all been provided with means for an electric light. This light, whose rays are projected to great distances, will warn the besieged against night-surprises. A hundred pieces of cannon, which have arrived at Charonne-Laquy station, have been placed along those parts of the ramparts which were the worst provided in artillery. The Montmartre fortress is armed with enormous cannons whose range covers two leagues, to get these into position it was found necessary to employ twenty-four horses. The International Association of Women has issued the following protest against the war, with a request that it may be generally signed :—" The horrors of the war now being waged between two nominally Christian nations have awakened us more fully to the terrible opposition there is between the deliberote destruction of human life and the spirit and teaching or Christianity. While ren dering all honour to the noble efforts now being mad e ) for the relief of the wounded, we women of England desire also to aid the still nobler work, and to further the still nobler object—the extinction of war—and we earnestly and respectfully offer to those in power, who are responsible for the continuance of the present war, our petition, urged in the name of God, and on behalf of our friends in Ftance and Germany, for the cessation of this awful struggle, and for the carrying out at the earliest possible moment the great pro)ect which will con tribute largely to assuage the wounds of humanity —a general disarmament." The Hamburger Nachrichten formulates the German de mands more precisely than even most of its contempo. raries, and they have not been deficient in plain speaking, have done. It calls for the whole of Alsace and Lorraine as the only condition of peace, and supports its demands with the customary arguments. France has declared an unjust and aggressive war. Germany at fearful cost has repelled the attack. To what good would peace be proclaimed if after a few years France could be in a position to resume the attack with the same resources as before ? Such 4 peace cannot, and shall not be. France must retire behind the Vosges. As to the argument that the popula tion of both provinces is adverse to union with Germany, the Hamburg journal points out (probably remembering its own case) that people of the same race and speech will become reconciled to the change soon enough. " Love comes after marriage." The plea that the Empire made the war, and it having fallen, the cause of the quarrel is removed, is equally discountenanced by the Hamburger Nachrichten. The very men who most glorified the war are those who on the fourth were eager to proclaim the Republic. Five or six members of the Sisterhood attached to All Saints' Church, Margaret-street, are about to leave England, if indeed they have not already left, in order to give their assistance as nurses at the seat of war, in addi tion to the ladies who have already gone. The superin tendent of the latter, Miss Pearson, has had conferred upon her, in recognition of her services, honorary rank equivalent to that of major in the Prussian army. THE SCHEME OF A BONAPARTIST RESTORATION. The Journal de Paris says there can be no doubt that some of the European Powers seriously contemplate the restoration of the Imperial dynasty on the throne of France. Bismarck himself is said to be in favour of the idea. His reason is said to be that the first requisite for a permanent • peace be tween France and Germany is the establishment of a regular government in Paris, and he believes no other party is likely to attain this. The ex-Emperor is there fore treated as a reigning sovereign, and Bismarck refuses to consider General Trochu and his associates as a government at a,ll. England, according to this • journal, holds the same opinion as France, though on different grounds. She attaches no importance to the Plebiscite, which Prussia thinks much of, but she considers her own interests. No other dynasty has favoured her so much as the Imperial, a nd she knows that were it restored it would be Napoleon IV., not Napoleon 111., who would reign. Under a child and a woman the new Government must look for support somewhere, and would, probably, throw her self upon England, who would profit commercially and politically. The Journal de Paris adds that such a condi tion no one has a right to impose on France. The enemy may demand a cession of territory, the destruction of French fortresses, or a pecuniary indemnity, but ail Europe together has no right to impose a government on France. THE EMPRESS EUGENIE AND HER SON AT MASS. A correspondent of the Tablet writes :—I saw the Em press and her son at the early Mass in the Church of St. Leonard on Sunday last. As they walkedlrom their hotel at Hastings, and returned also on foot, a total dis tance of more than two miles, we may conclude with satisfaction that their recent anxieties have not seriously affected their health. When the Empress arrived at the door of the the church accompa nied by the Prince Imperial, her niece, a daughter of the Duchesse d'Albe, and several members of her suite, she was met by the Rev. John Foy, the zealous parish priest of St. Leonards, whose attendants offered her holy water, and conducted by him into the sanctuary, where two handsome chairs had been placed for her use and that of her son. The Empiess, whose extreme gentleness and modesty of manner excited general sympathy, appeared for a moment unwilling to receive any mark of honour, but as Mr. Foy persisted, with excellent taste and judgment, in sheaving respect to one whom only the meanest of men could insult, as oertain French and English journalists now do, in her hour of sorrow, the august lady yielded to his wishes. As there happened to be solemn Exposition of the Blessed Sacra ment, in thanksgiving for the recent Definition, and to obtain the return of peace, the sanctuary and the altar were beautifully decorated with flowers. It is also worthy of observation that this was probably the only church in England in which, by the zeal of a member of 'the congregation, lamps have been burned before the image of Our Lady, and prayers daily offered from thefirst outbreak of the war, for the preservation of the Imperial family. It was also the first church in which the Empress and her son met after their long separation. When the Mass was finished, the whole congregation, of whose feel ing Mr. Foy had been the faithful interpreter, stood up spontaneously, and bowed respectfully to the Empress as she passed down the nave. She has lost nothing of her inimitable grace, and tears came into many eyes as they 'noted her simple and almost timid air, and the artless charm with which she contrived to express at once her surprise, her gratitude, and her resignation- After directing a liberal offering to be made to the church and to the attendants, the Empress, leaning on her son's arm, walked slowly towards Hastings, receiving from all who happened to be abroad at that early hour the marks of sympathy and respect which she has always known how to win, and has certainly done nothing to forfeit. / ___ ........., - . - ..- I. \N i II • i , . ..--_- ,_ z. . ~......--:.--(:- - ------.,„:.---;--„,.._ ~ i DOUBLE CWONNE ~ FORT 138' , 7 '''"..,•: R 7. : V .--- i i ,..,,tit. 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It says :—" On the night of the 24th of August, General Steinmetz received information that a messenger would leave Metz the next morning for Paris with letters from Marshal Bazaine, and that the bearer would be disguised as a Franciscan monk and wear the sign of the Geneva Convention, to justify an alleged expedition to relieve the wounded around the city. Every precaution was adopted to insure the capture of the pretended monk. The sentinels were ordered to arrest every suspicious-looking person without distinction of garb, and Captain Poisi, of the 13th Regiment of Uhlans, with half a squadron was sent to make a reconnaissance. At last four Uhlans came upon a Franciscan friar near the wood of Sauley, who exactly answered to the descrip tion that had been given, and who was visiting the houses where wounded men were lying. He was arrested and taken before Captain Poisi, to whom he complained of having been interfered with in the exercise of his sacred mission. The captain expressed regret that his men should not have been better able to appreciate that sacred mission, and asked the prisoner whether he was unaware that a monk of his order had been hung a few days before as a spy. She friar became disconcerted, and asked per mission to proceed to the discharge of his duties. ' Certainly,' replied the captain, ' but first be good enough to hand the letters over from Marshal Bazaine which you were to deliver in Paris.' After being threatened with instant execution, the Franciscan, com pletely disheartened, pointed to his sandals, which were at once cut of, and between the double soles were found three letters--one for General Trochu, one for the Comte de Palikao, and the third for Marshal MacMahon. Those letters went to chew that if Marshal Bazaine be not re lieved within ten days he would be driven to an act of desperation. ' The troops are wanting in everything, and our provisions are exhausted.' In the letter addressed to the Comte de Palikao was this significant phrase, ' Prevent orders or proclamations from his Majesty from being published. I have appealed to my soldiers in the name of the country.' The plan which Bazaine suggested to MacMahon for the relief of the army of Metz shewed how little he knew of the real position of affairs, for he advised him to remain at Chalons, to await the arrival of fresh troops from Paris, and then to march by Clermont, Dun, and Briey, upon Metz. The spy was sent to Spandau." PRODIGALITY OF THE FRENCH. GENERALS. One of the writers of the Cologne Gazette furnishes some particulars about the waste of public money by the generals who were, until lately, in command of the French armies. He says—" How laviihly the public money has hitherto been spent anybody in Nancy could easily perceive. The old palace of King Stanislaus, of Poland, was the quarters of the Marshal commanding there. It is a very stately castle, situated on a broad squore, planted with trees, such as no Piince even now would need to be ashamed of. A lofty portico, with marble columns, forms the vesti bule, whence splendid broad marble steps lead into the inner apartments. The fittings and furniture, provided at the expense of the State, are princely throughout. ' Everywhere costly carpets, silk window blinds, velvet curtains, lofty pier glasses, magnificent lustres—in short, the most refined luxury. In one room the seats and couches are of purple velvet with gold borders ; those in a second are of blue silk, in a third of another costly material, and the Marshal's entire residence is equal to the most famous princely castle. The table, moreover, of such a Marshal,'whose salary was £4,000 to £5,000 per annum, was quite princely. We have found here the menus of General Failly, who commanded here after MacMahon, who every day had a dinner of eight courses, and dessert with champagne and four or five other kinds of wine. The servants, the horses — in short, the whole household was quite on a princely footing. How shamelessly, too, the State was saddled with ' extras' is shewn by the accounts which have been found, and which prove, for instance, that when General Failly h e ld a review in the neighbouring town of Luneville it alway s caused the public an additional expense of £32. Luxury, frivolity, and prodigality reigned every where, and shameless cheating of the State likewise prevailed in almost all the higher military circles. The military Governor of Lorraine—General Bovin—is now ! living here, although at French cost, in infinitely simpler fashion than was the custom of the French Marshals even in time of peace. He contents him self at dinner with simple wines and Bordeaux, and scorns any degree of luxury, though so easily obtainable. His dinner is supplied at the cost of the town from an hotel, and the landlord had even at first the impudence to expect that the General and his Staff would dine at the hotel, instead of in the palace, becouse this would he more convenient to himself. I should like to know in what manner, if a Palikao or Bazaine had become Governor. of Silesia, he would have been entertained by us." THE INTERNATIONAL LEAGUE. The Central Committee of the International League of Peace and Liberty have issued the following proclamation at Geneva, addressed to the people of France and Germany: —People of France !—You have just regained the right of which you were deprived by the Second Bonaparte, through the crime of the 2nd of December—that gross, sanguinary plagiarism of the 18th Brumaire. Unhappily, it is to be feared that the revolution, which all free men will applaud, will not have the effect of immediately terminating the act of folly committed by the Empire in declaring war against Germany. Your territory is invaded ; and the monarch occupying it will certainly not consent to withdraw, after the victories he has gained. There is, nevertheless, a language which, if, unhappily, it cannot end the war, never theless is suitable to facilitate and accelerate the conclusion of peace. Declare aloud that, faithful to the great principles proclaimed in 1789, the French Republic has no pretensions for the smallest por tion of German territory ; and, more, that the Re public forbids all interference with the internal affairs of Germany; that the Republic desires to respect the inde pendence of all peoples, and aspires only to witness the day when fraternity will reign between people's and indi viduals. And you, German people, reflect that from the moment the Republic was proclaimed in France the aspect of the war became changed. 1t is no longer Ger many fighting against an Empire which had the preten sion to invade Germany, to prevent its union, and annex a portion of your territory. The war has become a war of a Monarchy against the Republic. Will you lend yourselves to play such a disastrous part for you and for Frsnce ? Declare, in the name of the people, that you will not attack the independence of the French people nor the integrity of th4ir territory; and that as, in face of the Republic being proclaimed, there exists no longer a motive for war, you demand peace, Say to one another a "No more carnage, no more savage acts ; let us lay down our arms, join in a fraternal greeting, and respect our mutual independence ; let us carry our emulation and rivalry to the fertile fields of peace ; and let. us mutually work for the development of those institutions which will preserve it. The old European system, which has been a perpetual cause of war, has had its day ; let the system of the confederation of the free people of the States of Europe be the object of our mutual efforts. (Signed) G. BARNI, Frenchman. A. GOEGG, German. G. GOLLANDAY, Swiss. CESARE STEFAN, Italian. PEAS HANKE, Pole. CAPITULATIONS OF MODERN HISTORY. The Neuen Wiener Tagblatt, under the above heading, gives the following interesting details :—The capitulation of Sedan of the 2nd inst. is a singularly remarkable event, inasmuch as, since King Francis I of. France, no monarch has ever been taken prisoner upon the immediate field of battle. On the other hand, purely military catastrophes of this kind have occurred several times during the past ' two centuries. We think that by giving the principal details of these occurrences to our readers we shall enable them to compare past events with those of the last few days. The principal catastrophes are as follow : 1700. Capitulation at Narwa. A Russian army 6 60,000 men surrendered to Charles XII. 01 Sweden. 1709. Capitulation at Pultawa. On the day after the battle at Pultawa the remains of the Swedish army surrendered to Peter the Great of Russia. 1713. Capitulation of Tonning, in Schleswig. A Swedish army, under General Steenbock, sur rendered to the allied Russian and Danish armies. Capitulation of Pirna. The Saxon army, finding itself hemmed in on all sides, surrendered to Frederick the Great of Prussia. Capitulation of Kloster Seven. The Duke of Cumberland, with 20,000 English troops, con cluded a capitulation with the French, in conse quence of which the English troops quitted Germany. Capitulation of Maren. A Prussian division of 10,000 men, under General von Fink, surren dered to the Austrians. The cavalry cut their way through. Capitulation of Yorktown. An English army of 8,000 men, uFkler Lord Cornwallis, laid down their arms beforo the North American General Washington. Capitulation of Ulm. The Austrian Field-Marshal Mack surrendered with 32,000 men to Napo leon I. The cavalry, commanded by the Grand Duke Ferdinand, cut their way through the enemy. Capitulation of Prenzlau. The Prussian General Prince Hohenlohe surrendered himself and 16,000 men, mostly cavalry, to the French Marshals Berthier and Murat. Capitulation of Itatkau, near Lubeck. The Prus sian General Blucher surrendered himself with 10,000 men, subject to being allowed to march off with honours of war but without arms to Marshal Bernadotte. 1808. Capitulation of Baylen. The French General Dupon surrendered with 10,000 men to the Spanish army under General Palafox. 1756. 1757. 1760. 1781. 1805. 1806. 1806. 1808. Capitulation of Cintra. The French Marshal Junot, with more than '20,000 men, surrendered to the English army under Sir Arthur Wellesley (Afterwards Duke of Wellington). 1813. Capitulation of Kulm. The French General Van damme surrendered with 15,000 men to the Em peror of Russia and the King of Prussia. The cavalry cut their way through the enemy. 1849. Capitulation of Vilagos. The Hungarian army, under General Gorgey, 23,000 men strong, sur rendered to the Russians. Capitulation of Virginia. General Lee, with 30,000 men, surrendered at Appomatox Court House, south of Richmond; to the Federal General Grant. 1861 Capitulation of South Carolina. The Confede rate Generals Johnson and Beauregard, with 30,000 men, surrendered to the Federal General Sherman. 1866. Capitulation of Langensalza. The Hanoverian 1865. THE SIEGES OF PARIS. The Volontaire has published an interesting account of the sieges which Paris has sustained during the Christian era. The first goes back to the year 53 before our era. At that time the whole of Paris was comprised in the isle which we call the cite. The Roman General L4brennes having made himself master of the banks of the Seine, prepared to invade the isle of the city when the Parisians seeing the impossibility of defending their position, set fire to their houses and withdrew to the neighbouring heights, where a terrible fight soot took place. The Parisians fought with the greatest courage, but they were forced to give way before the numbers and the skill of the Romans. The Romans kept possession of Paris for 530 years, and extended it on both banks. In 465 Childeric 1., son of Merovee, and chief of the Franks, drove out the Romans. In 845 the Normans, attracted by the richness of the capital, its churches, and its monasteries, made an attack on the town, plundered, and burned it. In 856 these same Norman brigands again advanced upon Parig. The inhabitants left the town, after having burned it. In 861 the barbarians renewed their attacks but having twice been ruined by them, the town presented nothing for them to seize upon. Worn out with these continued disasters, the Parisians set to work to surround their city with fortifications. The walls were not completed when the hordes of the Normans numbering 30,000, encamped before Paris. The Parisians defended themselves .with a constancy and n tenacity that the Normans could not overcome. The siege lasted for more than a year, 885-887. The Normans, worn out with so long a siege, were about to retire, when King Charles le Gros hoisted the flag of truce, and soon after signed the most disgraceful capitulation that has ever been concluded without consulting the citizens of Paris, on the ground that he had the right to make war and peace at his own discretion. All he gained by it was his dethronement. In 1358 the Dauphii'made the siege of Paris in vain. In 1359 the King of England was not more successful. In 1420 Paris was taken by the English, who held it for sixteen years. In 1427 Charles the Seventh endeavoured to retake Paris, but the English drove him back. In 1462 the Duke of Burgundy could only ravage the suburbs. In 1464 Count Charolois, after having encircled the town, attacked it in several directions in vain. 1536 Paris was again protected by its walls from the army of Charles Quint. Under Henry the Second and under Henry the Fourth Paris sustained a siege which has become famous in his tory (1593). Finally, On the 31st of March, 1814, the gates of Paris were opened to the allied armies by treason. The people preserved a mournful silence as they saw the ranks of the en emy defiling through its streets. But in the best quarters flowers and crowns were profusely thrown upcn the Northern armies. The intrepid population of the Faubourgs, especially those who the day before had rushed to the defence of the town, displayed sufficient hostility by their demeanour to inspire uneasiness among these foreign soldiers. It is believed that had they been certain of the support of the bourgeoisie, the Faubourg party would have attacked the enemy in the streets and on the boulevards. Paris is entering on its sixteenth siege, and to-day it possesses strong walls, forts that are well situated, and valiant defenders. Paris fiuctuel nec mergitur. In the list of French wounded at Woerth, we find the name of Parmentier, head of the Genie Corps, and hus band of the celebrated lady violinist, Therese Milanollo. Among the fallen at Sedan was Captain Adolph von Berlepsch, a brave officer and well-known litterateur. His brother was killed at the battle before Metz. These offi cers were the descendants of that Berlepsch who conducted Martin Luther to the Wartburg. The Paris correspondent of the Manchester Examiner writing on Wednesday on a review of the Parisian troops, says the manner in which the batta lions manoeuvred into their positions, and were afterwards, without confusion, withdrawn from the streets, shewed that in this portion of their drill, so gene rally neglected by the French troops, they were not want ing, and the superior march of both Gardes Mobile and Gardes Nationales was most marked. It is said that the War Minister did not authorise General 'Terim to deliver up the citadel of Laon, but upon receiving an intimation that the Municipal Council desired to give up, he replied—" Burn your last cartridge, and eat your last biscuit." Upon another message being addressed to him, he said—" Act in accordance with the necessities of the situation." It was in consequence of this dispatch that the General decided to blow up the citadeL The French Provisional Government have consented for free traffic to take place thr nigh the gates of Paris during the siege. The gates will remain open until eight o'clock in the evening. had the first idea of prohibiting all ingress and egress been carried out, the health of the population would have suffered from the privation of butter, milk, and vegetables. The guards will exercise the greatest vigilance in order to stop the passage of sus picious characters. The inhabitants of the town of Liibben and the sur rounding villages are in deep mourning. It appears that the losses sustained by the 3rd Battalion of the Branden burg Jagers, which had been principally composed of men draughted from these places, have been so severe that there is no family which has not to lament the death of either a husband, son, or some near relation. It is, in fact, a vast family of mourners. The Eleeteur Libre relates this episode of the Paris Re view':—When Admiral Cailley was going through the preparatory review of thetwenty-firstbattalion he stopped before a National Guard of the Sixth Company, who MONUMENT TO DANIEL DEFOE. After remaining for over a century in a somewhat neg lected state, the resting place of Daniel Defoe, in the dissenting burial ground at Bunhill Fields, has been crowned with an artistic tribute of the admiration of young England for the author of " Robinson Crusoe," and yesterday afternoon the monument was formally uncovered in the presence of nearly 1,000 people. The monument inaugurated yesterday is an obelisk of Sicilian marble, in the " Cleopatra's Needle" form. The base is semi -cruciform, four feet by eight, and the whole is carved out of two blocks. The total height is seventeen feet, and the cost £2OO. Upon the front of the plinth is inscribed : " Daniel Defoe, Born 1661 ; died 1731. Author of Robinson Crusoe.' This monument is the result of an appeal in the Christian World newspaper to the boys and girls of Eng land for funds to place a suitable memorial upon the grave of Daniel Defoe. It represents the united contributions•• of seventeen hundred persons." The work has been, executed by Mr. Samuel Horner, of Bournemouth, from a design by Mr. Creke, architect, of the same town.—Mr. Charles Reed, M.P. for Hackney, who was mainly" instrumental in preserving the burial ground from de-- secration, performed the ceremony of uncovering the . monument. THE PARISIAN EXODUS.—Many of the fugitives from the expected siege of Paris have resorted to the Channel Islands, where the French language easily passe s urrent. Lung-distemper among cattle prevails extensively in various parts of Ireland, but more especially in the' vicinity of Dublin, where great loss has arisen to the owners, as all curative measures have so far proved inoperative. Among other ridiculous rumours that occasionally find their way into the papers, there was one which would have furnished a grim comment on glory if it had only been true, viz., that the Prussian Government had ordered two hundred thousand wooden legs from thiff country. The tenantry on Lord Bandon's Cork estates have presented his lordship with a testimonial, which cost five hundred guineas, consisting of seven dinner and dessert stands, executed in the highest style of art. After the presentation Lord Bandon entertained those present at a dejeaner. In compliance with the recent letter of his Grace , the Archbishop of Canterbury, there will be a collection' at St. Paul's Cathedral, to-morrow, in support of the' funds of the National Society in Aid of the Sick and! Wounded. The sermon will be preached by the Revue Canon Liddon. [ADVERTISEMENT.]—HoIIoway's Ointment and Pills.-- Diarrhoea, Bowel Complaint.—The hot weather, defective' drainage, and noxious vapours arising from decomposing animal and vegetable matter, are now producing an unusual amount of sickness, which should have early attention. In all complaints affecting the stomach, liver, or bowels, Holloway's Ointment has a most salutary effect when diligently rubbed upon the abdomen. It penetrates' to the seat of evil, and soon removes the cause of indiges tion and flatulency, which should warn us of approaching disease. It is safe in urgent cases to take the Pil lo while using the Ointment, as both used together act more energetically. A few doses of this tr e atment will stop every case of bowel complaint, in its earls stage or acute form. BIRTHS. Ori the 14th inst., at The Cottage, East Barnet, tY, e wife of John W. Ford, Esq., of a daughter. On the 14th inst., at The Cedars, Cheam, ST army , the wife of W. J. Rhodes, Esq., of a son. MARRIAGES. On the 14th inst., at St. Martin's-in-the-Yi e ld s, Joseph Fowler, Esq., lat e o f R ue d e Marignan, 7 2aris, to Helen , second daughter of C. W. Wisbey, • Suffolk street, Pall-mall. On .the 15th inst., at St. James's, W estbourne-terracjf Wm. S. Salting, Esq., second son of the late Severin • Salting, Esq., of Silverlands, Surrery, to Millecent Em; Browne, only daughter of the V - en. the Archdeacon o f Bath. DEATHe . On the 13th inst., at Edinburgh, Sir St. Vincent-Kee ne Hawkins Whitshed, Bart., aged 70. On the 13th inst. ' at Clapham- common, M ary A n n, th e relict of James Horne, Esq., aged 80. of London : Printed by GIDEON ACLAND BOYC No. 112, Strand, Printer, and Published by bin' 3t 'THE SUN Office, No. 112, Strand, in the Precinct of h e Savoy, n the County of Middlesex. Saturday, September 17, 1870. C rn Terra Ad. Pric e at all CI . Ti Li 8 4 A gent 13 e[th Nrac , 18 13 , 01, sere rti 4' e q .....,......... G ert et tit a ---___ Ir aq ti the si o , 4011 o rAe b r •uar.