The Sun. — London, England, 1867-10-22 00:00:00

THE DEFENCES OF POR7SIIIO LI TH. If the opinions of the officers of our own Royal Engineers, from Sir John Burgoyne down to the youngest officer, were taken with regard to the triple lines of fortifications now rising up in bristling array around the dockyard and naval arsenal at Portsmouth, with their advance guards at the east and west ends of the Isle of Wight, it is more than probable that the majority would pronounce all the works as perfect as human skill or foresight, under the circumstances of their design and construction, could possibly render them. Still many of our Engineer officers hold contrary opinions, and con tend, in common with many military men and civil engineers, that scarcely a work can be inspected, finished, or in the course of construction, that does not exhibit some fatal defect, either original in de sign, or arising out of the conditions of its construc tion. No other nation has certainly in times of peace enwred upon a work of such magnitude as in the great scheme for the " Defence of the Dock yards and Naval Arsenals." The work is vast if the failures have been pretty numerous. ft is better for our strength, however, to discover and point out all such defects as may exist ourselves than to allow our foreign friends (who are constantly and won derfully inquisitive in the matter) to point them out for our special edification, and thus lead them to suppose that the people of this country are content to repose in fancied security upon a false estimate of the country's defensive power in the shape of its coast and harbour fortifications. It would also be as well to confess at once that even up to the pre sent moment we have nothing as the fruits of mili tary engineering of which we can very loudly boast, or that is likely to excite the admiration of our American brethren, or of our many friends from the Continent of Europe, unless, indeed, it is the mag nificent way in which we spend our money on such matters, the " eccentricity " with which we make many of our greatest works look uncommonly like failures, and the incomparable coolness with which we do all these things. It is certainly impressive enough to take one's stand on the highest point of the crest of Ports down-hill and look downwards to the south, the west, and the east, over scores of square miles of land and water which are being covered with forts of every size, description, colour, and material, red, white, green, brown, and grey ; iron, granite, clay, chalk, and sand—a grand school for the education and practice of the Royal Engineers. In all this vast plan the Portsdown-hill forts and the marine forts at Spithead have naturally outweighed all others in general interest, and will continue to do so from their extent and peculiarities of position. Let the reader, in imagination, step with us on the highest elevation of Portsdown, in the centre of the line of the five gigantic forts which are ranged along the seven miles' length of the crest of Ports down. Now, if we can only give, for the time, un limited faith to the professional skill and provisions of the great department in tall Mall that designed those works, and in its subordinate officers who carried out the details of their construction, wo should find Widley, Southwick, Nelson, Walling ford, and Purbrook assume an appearance of grandeur, strength, and efficiency that should last for ages, as they stand in their elevated solicitude with their backs turned upon Portsmouth Dockyard and arsenal, and their empty embrasures looking towards London. If, however, we lay down this faith on the glacis of these forts, and look boldly down into their deep white ditches, their empty em brasures, or over their grass-covered ramparts, re miniscences will arise of main magazines collapsing b 0 feet below the level of finished parade-grounds, of escarp walls falling down into and filling up the ditch, of retaining walls giving way from excess of weight behind them, of arches and vaulted passages in brickwork split and gaping under superincumbent and miscalculated weights, and a thousand other " eccentricities" of the kind. But, as we have already observed, the work has been vast if the mistakes or failures have been pretty numerous. As a rule also, all the mistakes, or nearly all, which have occurred, have been due to ell curastances under the control of the officer in local charge rather than to the heads of the engineer department at the War- office ; or, to the immense progress made in the manufacture and calibre of rifled artillery since these and all other works around Portsmouth were designed. There is also certainly nothing on the heights of Portsdown nor in any part of the triple bands of fortification that stretch out from its base which can be said to exhibit such a miserable fiasco as may be seen on the banks of the Medway. " The Portsdown forts," Colonel Jervois remarks in referring to objections that have been raised to their construction, " render it impossible for an enemy who may have landed on the coast of Sussex to seize the bill by any force detached from his main body without a regular siege." To this it may be replied that no enemy must ever be allowed to land in England. He must be met on the beach and driven back into the sea he has ventured to cross. Too much has been made of Portsdown-hill, but as the work is nearly done it is useless to grumble too persistently over the £600,000 it will have cost. Southwick, Widley, and Nelson, the three forts holding the central position of Portsdown, and which loom up so grandly in their elevated seat 600 ft. above sea level, are complete so far as their construction by the contractor is concerned ; but the Artillery Department have yet to lay the " racers " on the gun-platforms on the terre-plein and in the caponnieres, and supply the guns and mortars for their armament. These three works may be generally described as earthworks of extra ordinary size and horse-shoe form, with deep and wide ditches cut in the chalk, and flanked by weak caponnieres. The front of each work, or the toe of the horseshoe, faces north, the heel of the shoe, or gorge of the work, being on the south face of the hill, and toward Portsmouth. Tho gorge is closed by massively built barracks in brickwork, with stone dressings. From the edge of the huge chalk ditches down to the long and deep valley north of the position the entire face of the hill has been cleared of all timber or hedgerows, and all inequali ties in the ground levelled, so that it now forms a vast glacis swept in all directions by the fire of the forts. From the valley below, in which lie embosotied in foliage the villages of Purbrook, Southwick, and Waterloo, the ground gradually rises in a succession of swells, mostly well covered with timber, until it culminates in the far distance in lofty spurs from the great range of downs which extends along the coast of Sussex. So far we have seen the central strength of the great position of Portsdown. We have now only to glance at the east and west ends. On the eastern end of the hill stands Fort Purbrook, with its two extensive outworks—a lion couchant, keeping watch over the low-lying land below and the great eastern highway leading toward Chiches ter and Brighton. Purbrook is very similar in form to the three central forts, only differing in its two outworks, which embrace the north-east and east slopes of the hill. It is still in course of construc tion, Fort Wallington, on the west end of Ports down, and overlooking the slope of the hill to the N.W., is partly built on clay, and has revetments of massive brickwork on the escarps and counter scarps. It is complete with the exception of its armament. Fareham Fort is separated by the village of Fareham from the west base of Portsdown, but it is part of the Portsdown line of defence, com manding as it does the approaches to the hill in the advance of any enemy from the westward or the Solent. It is an earthwork, with bomb-proof brick caseinates under the ramparts. The armament of all the Portsdown forts is intended to comprise a total number of about 200 heavy guns and mortars, besides light pieces for the caponniere. These guns may possibly be all mounted in the forts in about two years' time—October, 1869—if the authorities bestir themselves in the matter with requisite energy. Looking south from Portsdown, and in the direc tion of Portsmouth, may be seen at the very foot of the hill,with only the village of Coshain intervening, the northern section of the second circle of fortifi cation; as Portsdown is the northern section of its first or outer circle, which engirdles Portsmouth— the Ililsea lines, defending the only entrance to the iOrtnd of Portsea by road from the mainland. The Hilsea lines have been uncommonly fruitful in their crop of " eccentricities." These lines are nearly 3,000 yards in length, and their right may be seen resting on the mudlands of Langston harbour and their left on the mudlands of Portsmouth harbour. They consist of long earth work curtains, with casemated batteries on the flanks of each curtain, the batteries intended to cross fire with each other, and sweep the whole front of the work. There are embrasures for 90 guns. The channel between Portsmouth and Lang ston harbours, connecting the two tidal waters, runs in front of the lines, and an inner moat sepa rates this tidal channel, in which a certain depth of water is to be retained at all times' of tide, from the base of the line of ramp. A new road has also been constructed for the use of the public entering or leaving the island from the mainland, which is to supersede the old highway, and the outer tidal water channel was to have been so designed, to use the exact words made use of in Colonel Jervois's report on the " progress made in the construction of the fortifications for the protection of the dock yard and the naval arsenals," dated February, 1867, "to give it sufficient dimensions to allow of the passage of floating batteries." The Hilsea lines have become a sand-covered ruin, with their case mates cracked and tottering over quaking bog and permeating chalk springs. The embrasures are choked with the falling earth intended to cover the brick face of the casements on the flanks, and the revetment walls throughout are kept in their places by an elaborate system of timber shoring. The work of construction has been for years in hand, and successive contractors have been driven from it by ruin or despair ; but still the locomotive with its long train of earth trucks may be seen toiling up wards and along the line of rampart depositing its earth coverings. Ihe difficulties met with in the con struction of this line of defence have been immense, but in time they will no doubt be finally overcome and the work finished. The embrasures have all been placed so closely together, however, that every alternate one must be built up, and thus the Hilsea lines will only mount one-half the number of guns for which they were designed. No one imagines it possible that the Hilsea lines will ever be subjected to an attack by an enemy, and, therefore, in common with the huge forts on Portsdown, pos sibly, it can matter very little whether guns are placed in them or not. The ecentricities of the Hilsea lines, which appear to be of the greatest public importance at the present moment, relate to the construction of the new public highway, and the tidal channel connecting the waters of Portsmouth and Langston harbours. The new highway has been carried by the Royal Engineers over the tidal _channel referred to by a bridge, moving over central wheels by double rails, of such restricted dimensions that the local authorities —the Sheet Bridge High• way Trust—refuse to accept it, and a new bridge must therefore be constructed at the expense of the Government. The tidal channel is a still more seri ous matter. When the Helsea lines at present being constructed on the south bank of the tidal channel were first designed at the War-office, to supersede the old bit of fortification then standing there, the Admiralty communicated with the War-office, and desired that in any future alteration of the old tidal channel the width of the tidal water at high-water mark should not be less than 300 ft., that two open ings for the passage of war vessels should be avail able in any new bridge, and that the tidal channel should be made of sufficient depth and width to ad mit of the passage through from Portsmouth to Langston harbour, or vice versa, of floating batteries and gunvessels to assist in the defence of the island• The Admiralty authorities also called special atten tion to the fact that in their taking a large amount of water space from Portsmouth harbour for the ex tension of the dockyard there would very probably be a corresponding decrease in the total volume of tidal water in the harbour, which must be restored by other adopted means ; that those means existed in the known flow of the tide from Langston into Portsmouth harbour for two hours after the tide had made its ebb from the mouth of the latter; and that to secure the full benefits of this additional flood into Portsmouth harbour, it was imperative that the new tidal channel should be of sufficient width and depth, and that retaining gates should be fixed at the Langs ton end of the channel to prevent any back-flow of the title. It was also of the highest importance that the " scour" of the ebb tide should not be lessened out of Portsmouth harbour under any circum stances, but rather increased, owing to the existence of two immense banks of shingle formed inside the harbour itself, and the known deposit of shingle on the Channel bar outside the harbour. The very existence of Portsmouth as a naval port, therefore, seemed to depend upon the Royal Engineer Depart ment constructing the new tidal channel in good faith, with the expressed wishes of the Admiralty, but the work now stands on the verge of completion, with the important suggestions of the Admiralty ignored in every important particular. Instead of the channel giving a water space of 300 ft. in width at high water mark, with a depth sufficient for float ing batteries and gun vessels and a double passage under the bridge, it has now a breadth of water of only about 120 ft., has not a depth of water suffi cient for the passage of such vessels, and only one available passage between the piela of the bridge, and will afford no material tidal addition to the ebb of Portsmouth harbour. Some correspondence has naturally ensued upon this matter between the Admiralty and the War Department, which has been so far closed by the latter, stating that the new tidal channel served all the purposes required of it for the strength and security of the fortifica tions, and that if the Admiralty desired a deeper or wider channel than the one made, the Admiralty could obtain a fresh estimate and do the work by its own officers. If we did not happen to know that the facts connected with the construction of this bit of water channel are just as we have related them, we should look upon them as far too absurd in their nature to deserve a moment's credit. Leaving Hilsea lines at our feet, and looking out further to the southward, we can trace the sweep of the three lines of defence, until the eye rests upon the stagings and stone foundations for the marine forts at Spithead, or further still upon the great mound of earthworks on the summit of Bembridge down, which forms the " keep" to the various forts on Sandown cliffs and sands, and commands the approaches to its beautiful bay with the anchorage inside the east end of the Wight at St. Helen's. The Spithead works, however, frem their paramount importance and their present backward stage of pro gress, are of greater interest than any or all the others at the present moment. The " Horse" and "Noman" shoal forts will be the largest, and they will also be the most successful in their work of con struction of the Spithead forts. The Horse fort has the base ring of its foundations standing on the shoal at lift. below low water of ordinary spring tides. The Noman has its base ring 20ft. below low water of ordinary spring tides. The foundations of each are formed of rings of granite, Portland, Run corn, and concrete blocks, the rings decreasing in diameter as the foundation grows in height. The interior space of this layer of rings, in the centre of which an iron cylinder has been sunk from 50 to 60ft., and remains available for future borings for water, is filled in with concrete. The top of both the foundations for these two forts thus form a cir cular and solid base on which the future fort must be built, 210 ft. in diameter. On this base all that is yet being done towards the construction of the forts themselves is building up their basement wall each 16ft. in height above the foundation summit, and 14ft. Gin. thick, of granite and Roach Portland stone. These walls are set back from the edge of the foundations 18in., to admit of a facing of ar. motir-plaiing being given to it. The top of these walls will be level with the interior of the work or the floor of the lower gun battery. They will in close the magazines, shell stores, provision stores, water tanks, &c. The Spithead forts were at first intended to be of stone alone. Soon afterwards a granite structure faced with iron was adopted, but subsequent experiments at Shoebury demonstrating the inability of such a structure to receive the im pact of heavy shots, without shaking its "heart" into fragments, the idea of a fort built up entirely of iron was entertained. This latter alternative, how ever, frightened every one by its evident excessive costliness, and the present adopted and some what composite plan was at length substituted. The forts are now to have au outer casing of THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 22, 1867. 15in. of iron plating resting upon a simple sys tem of longitudinal and transverse iron girders filled in with stone and concrete, and having an inner lining or skin or iron plating of about an inch in thickness. There will be two tiers of embrasures for 18-ton guns round the fort, and the latter will be capped by four turrets, each in the form of a truncated cone, constructed on plans proposed by Capt. Steward, R.E., resting on brickwork piers, built up from the fort foundations,' therefore inde pendent of any support from the fort itself. Each turret is intended to carry two 23 ton guns. In the rear of each of the two circles of guns which are to look through the embrasures of the forts are the living rooms of the garrison. Traverses will be built up between each gun in masses of concrete, enclosed in iron-plate casings. Each fort will mount 55 18-ton guns in the two circles or casemates, besides the eight in the four turrets. The objectionable features in the plans for these forts appear to be an unavoidable weakness in their structure, owing to their composite character and the number of openings in their sides, the limited power of their armament, and their incapability for reconstruction or investing with greater strength, of either offence or defence, at any future time. Models of these forts are now lying at the War office, but it is not improbable that even now great alterations may be made before the forts are built from them. It must always be allowed that if these forts are ever attacked by an enemy it will be with special craft, carrying not 18, but very probably 50 or 60 ton guns. To make the forts of real service in any possible wars to come upon us in the future they should be so built that we could remove their armament and replace it with weapons of greater power as science progressed onwards in their manu facture. With bare room for mounting 18-ton guns, the Spithead forts become degenerated to torpedo stations, with their guns only of service to protect the nests of mines which niay lie hidden in the waters of the deep channels which wash their base. The Spit head plan of marine forts is made up with three others in conjunction with the Horse and Noman—the Spit Shoal, the Ryde Sand, and the Sc. Helen's Spit. The Spit fort foundations stand on firm gravel at 20 feet below low water and spring tides; the diameter of the base ring at high-water level will be 151 feet. It will carry 17 guns in casemates, 13 of which firing seawards will be protected by armour plating, and will be 18 tons each. Four firing in the rear of the fort are to have iron shields. Two turrets on Capt. Steward's plan are to surmount the work and carry 23 ton guns. This work with Southsea Castle stands at the outer entrance to Portsmouth Harbour Channel. The fort to be erected on the Ryde Sand will be similar in character. The foundations of both are only as yet in process of construction. The fort at St. Helen's, which is the outermost of all the marine works at and around Spithead, is intended to mount 15 guns in casemates, but a serious diffi culty has been met with in constructing the founda tions which delay the work. The site of the foun dations lies in a very exposed position, and to make it as secure as possible a ring of iron caissons filled with concrete and brickwork in cement has been sunk 23ft. into the shoal outside the perimeter of the fort. The sand within this ring has been dredged out and filled with concrete. It is this ring of cais sons which is now reported to be giving way to the action of the sea and the battering force of the shingle in heavy gales bursting on the point. South sea Castle is another of the works bordering on the anchorage of Spithead, which the sea, in the fury of its south-east gales, is threatening to root up and destroy. It holds, with the marine fort on the Spit Sand, almost within speaking distance, a firm grip upon the throat of the entrance of the narrow chan nel under Southsea beach, which leads from Spit head to the entrance of Portsmouth harbour, and no ship or floating battery ought ever to swim past and between the fire of their guns. Southsea is massive open earthworks, with the embrasures prepared for iron shields. The old stonebuilt castle in the centre is to be fitted with guns behind iron shields, and 13 inch mortars will throw their shells to Spithead from the rear of the earthworks ; 22 of the heaviest rifled guns will be mounted on the earthworks. The other supporting defensive works around Spithead anchor age arc Lumps and Eastney batteries, the Puckpool mortar battery on the island shore, a mile cast of Ryde, and the granite-fronted semicircular fort (for iron shields) building on Gilkicker Point. The for mer is built, and is now receiving 38 sea service 13-inch mortars. The value of a vertical fire in any defence of Spithead can scarcely be over estimated, but the Puckpool battery must be armed with a more scientific, reliable, and farther reaching weapon than the " obsolete" 13in. iron pot before:it can be hoped to inflict any certain damage upon steam war ships rushing to and fro at Spithead, and all but one of present mortar range. Gilkicker Fort is an imposing looking enough structure, with its grand outline of massive granite arches, although it has yet to be fitted with its iron shields. It will mount 27 heavy guns in its iron shields, and 16 13in. sea service mortars in the rear. As a com posite work of granite and iron it would offer but a poor defence against such floating iron citadels as would inevitably be brought against it by such an antagonist as France in time of war. It is also very contracted in its dimensions, the utmost amount of training for the 22-ton gun being 20 degrees. There were other works to be seen by the Duke of Cambridge during his inspection of the troops and fortifications in the south-west district and around Portsmouth, including the heavy iron shielded works at Hurst Castle, the Cliffend, Warden, Hather wood, and other batteries at the Needles passage, with the Golden-hill fortress and general keep for the western end of the Isle of Wight, and the works on other parts of the island, all designed for the defence of the great dockard and arsenal at Ports mouth from the incendiary schemes of any possible future enemy. A large amount of these provisions for the insurance of our chief naval establishment has already been effected, although very much, as we have endeavoured to show, yet remains to bo done. Vast sums of money have been and aro being expended, and with the commission of a goodly number of " eccentricities," we have, at all events, the satisfaction of knowing that, with even the ex cessive stupidity displayed in some of them, they form but a certain amount of percentage on the gross amount of work done. AMERICANS PARIS. " Sordello," the able Paris Correspondent of the New York Evening Post, writes as follows in relation to " the vice of Paris :" The Parisians are the most feminine people in the world. They give the same trouble to moralists as their women. Every one calls them immoral, and but few can help being pleased with them. Send a man of moral integrity to Paris ; one who cherishes the hope that humanity will not repeat the decadence of Rome. Let him ride down the Boule vard des Italiens between six and ten o'clock. No more beautiful, living, brilliant spectacle in the cities of the world, and none more saddening. The idle ness and luxury, and wandering immorality of three continents glut with a living mass the broad, smooth pavement of the dazzling street. Men of all nations stroll or sit under lights, before cafes, and the demi nzonde glide or ride in the splendour and oriental luxuriousness of wealth wantonly used, coquette with imperial grace, or in coarse tinsel flutter with affectation ; while others, in the dark garments of the poor and wretched, demurely walk past the tempting blaze and glitter of jewellers' shops, from which flash the light of diamonds, and in which shines the burnished gold of costly bracelets. No such spectacle is to be seen in New York. The whole of Broadway illuminated, and at night, would be far from rivalling or resembling the Boulevard des Italiens, which, since the time of Louis X VI., has been the rendezvous of opulence, aristocracy, and pleasure. _ _ To put in phrases this life of the Boulevard a Parisian jargon has been formed, a slang such as grows in the mouths of the men of the streets, and which is unintelligible to a stranger. A Parisian writer has described the Boulevards of Paris, and from him we can take a few sen tences. There is a traditional and popular name for the Boulevard des Italiens ; it is Boulevard de Gand, which, when pronounced, " evokes ideas of fine suppers, of prolonged orgies, of per petual carnivals. The mass of 'the public imagine it an infernal whirl, where the sons of good fami lies treat courtesans and sup with the intention of rolling under the table. Without doubt, its secret history would justify the idea. But it is more than that. It is the course of display for fashionable follies, for false arbiters of taste, for the dissipaters of fortunes who use their last ray of intelligence and their last voice in debauchery. It is also the promenade of gentlemen, of men very serious, habitues of cafes and restaurants, grand proprietors, capitalists engaged in vast specula tions, gentlemen of old race, directors of com panies," &c. ing ; see those women ; learn to hate luxury and detest pleasure if you can, and make one more model republican, nourished with the idea of the brotherhood of man and the sacredness of women is our civilisation. What you sec is the future of your own democratic cities ; when time, the increase of wealth, and vanity, pride and ambition, :have car ried you, as they will, from the declarations of the rights of man, unless you supplement it with the idea of brotherhood and the idea of the sanctity of women, both of which necessitate respect for the poor and protection for the weak. THE ABYSSINIAN EXPEDITION. The following letter will serve to dispel, to some extent, the uneasiness which prevails in certain quarters as to the fortunes of the Abyssinian expe dition. It is written by an officer well acquainted with the force to be employed and the country to be invaded, and perhaps better qualified than any other man in the service to speak with authority as to the prospects of the campaign :—" At sea, off Secotra, Sept. 23, 1867.—50 you see Government is at last obliged to go to war, and it is going to be done in a most proper way. The force being organised in Bombay will be everything it should be, and such as might be expected from our present Governor and the leader of it, Sir R. Napier. It will be all landed and ready to advance before the Ist of January next, and it will be such an army as will be ready for anything required of it—could, if necessary, march across Africa and meet all corners. Thcodorus little dreamed what he was bringing on himself. I am now on my return to Aden and Massowah with the advance party, sent to fix the landing-place for the coming army, and to arrange for the onward march by the best and quickest route. All amicable communications with Theo dorus are now finally broken off, I am thankful to say, and official civil language will no longer have to be used to such an unmitigated monster as he is. After he has been informed of the change, he will not again be addressed except by Sir Robert Napier." [ADVERTISEMENT.] —Holloway's Ointment and Pills need only a single trial to make known their capabilities. No outside sore or inward inflammation can long with stand tile cooling, purifying, and healing influences exerted by these twin medicaments. Bo the mischief recent or chronic, grave or slight, painful or simply annoy ing, it will succumb before the curative virtues of these noble remedies, which can be rightly applied by any per son who will attentively read their accompanying direc tions,wliich are propounded in the plainest language, void of technical terms, and printed in the most legible charac ters. To the man of business, confined to his counting house and harassed by engagements, these pills are in valuable ; to the man of pleasure addicted to free living they aro peorleso. FRANCE AND AMERICA. Between six and ten all these typical men and women of our modern civilisation—alike bent on amusement, alike idle, alike possessed with the fever of pleasure and the passion of luxury—throng the sidewalks, caf6s, and restaurants of the Boulevard des Italiens. What reflection is forced upon your lonely moralist ? The hopelessness of regenerating the Old World ; the impossibility of resisting the tide of life in Paris. Despair, or the indifference which has sheltered philosophers, sends your serious and contemplative man from Vanity Fair, and he takes up the words and the sentiments of the Hebrew moralists who had lost the zest of life. Those fa tigued faces of beautiful women—those costumes of Paris, full of fantasy, of colours to please the eye of a Japanese—those laces heavy and meshy— those wonderful boots, close and soft to beauti ful feet, like fine gloves to beautiful hands—that serpentine grace of movement—then the rich, curious, idle men of all the great nations of the earth! What have you to say to that spectacle ? In fifty years, unless education is more powerful than of old, and as potent as is claimed, New York will present the same spectacle in all its opulence, in all its excess, as now it does in more attractive, less seductive, but equally significant forms. What pro tects you now? What protects America is not edu cation, but the necessity of work, which leaves no time for arts, for luxury, and, finally, decadence. Decadence! that is the word oftenest spoken here by moralists and strangers. The decadence of France! But it is no decadence ; it is a constitutional fact. Paris has always presented the same aspects of life to the men of all nations. And although the Empire is detestable, glittering, and friendly to pleasant vices, yet Paris has always been a centre of license, of indulgence, and luxury for the world. It would be well to expose the hypocrisy of moralists who come here and write, and of all foreigners who here throw off the restraint of years, abandon themselves to Parisian life, as it is called, then wipe their lips and say, " I have done no sin.,, AMERICANS IN PARIS. The hands and the wealth of all nations feed Paris—feed the immoralities of Paris, and then the heads of all nations judge, and the tongues of all nations pronounce against Paris and the French, calling them the most licentious people in the world. Would it not be better to be a little frank and honest with ourselves ? Perhaps we shall then understand Paris and the French. The Parisians are purveyors to the pleasures of the world, and it is the wealth and self-indulg ence of foreigners that make Paris a world by itself, a city sustained as a public-house of feasting and revelry. Paris is colonised by every people. Medical students, artists, clergymen, and rich men of Eng land and America are assembled in Paris ; and it is a notorious fact that the histories of the greatest excesses here are inscribed with the names of Ame ricans. Yet we turn around and throw stones at Paris ! You have to be reminded that there is more than one Commandment, and that Americans come here to break those they pretend to keep at home. It seems to me necessary to write these facts, and yet let it not be supposed that because it is Parisian we concede anything to that infam ous lif e w hi c h riots in Paris, and makes the Boulevards so brilliant and painful to a man of sensibility. THE LIFE OF GREAT CITIES. There is no concession to be made to infamy, but I understand the streets of great cities to be daily illustrations of its life, and those illustrations are the themes of criticism and talk. Knowing them we know our age. When you discover the finest street of the most civilised city in the world thronged with facts—a vast flood of facts—all tending to oue conclusion, and that conclusion wretched, hopeless, indifferent to the sentiment of 'humanity or the truths of Chris tianity, what must you say and feel? - You cannot turn and say—France is Roman Catholic or Pagan, therefore France has no god but voluptuousness, and no ambition but for plea sure. London, on the other side of the Channel— a grand city, where life is less attractive and equally cruel ; where the streets present a more gloomy but no less irresistible argument against the hope of the brotherhood of man and the con secration of woman—is Protestant, and professes to be Christian. _ _ Civilisation being as it is in Paris and in Lon don, how shall you escape the same in New York, in Boston, in St. Louis? These are questions which the old world forces upon every new social effort. But already New York has begun to re peat Paris, and St. Louis is striding in the steps of New York. It is these facts in France that have evoked the theories of the St. Simonians, and a foretaste of them has provoked in America what our foreign critics call " the revolt of the women." You know very well how these facts are treated by the so-called religious press, and how they are ignored by the rich and happy. Both betray physical insensibility and mental obtuseness to the conditions that environ a large part of the human race in great cities. I see no help ; only the necessity of silence and the care of one's own life. But the cut-and-dried moralities of tired sin ners and weak temperaments, and the unhappi ness of the victims of civilisation, force a counter expression, and re - voice the -question, "How shall we escape repeating the tragic and brilliant drama of Roman decadence ? Go to the Boilevard des Italiens at night, walk amid that crowd of men, idle, rich, curious, dream- Miscellaneous Foreign News. On the 19th ult. the Peace Commissioners met the representatives of the Brule, Cheyenne, and Ogaltalia Indians. The scene was dramatic, the Indians being painted, each commissioner being placed between two chiefs, the whole meeting smoking in silence the Calamut of Peace. " Swift-Bear," a Brule chief, opened tha conference. Commissioner Taylor next spoke, then Big-Mouth, Cold-Face, Cut-Nose, Crazy-Lodge, Pawnee-Killer, Whistler, Standing- Elk, Spotted-Tail, Turkey-Foot, Man-that-Walks- Under - the - Ground, and Man - Afraid -of - his- Horses. The great speech was delivered by the gigantic savage Big - Mouth. The conference ended in no definite result, except the presents carried off by the Red Indians. The Peace Com missioners then proceeded to Fort Lamed, where 1,400 of the tribes await them. In the meantime the war proceeds, and an affair has occurred between a troop of cavalry and a band of Snake Indians in Oregon, in which the savages were defeated, twenty-six being killed and fifteen captured. Black-Hawks, chief of the Utes in Utah, acting on the express wish of his tribe, has pledged himself to stop hostilities. General Shetman re fused to abandon the Smoky Hill and Powder River roads, the principal demand of the Indians, and he offered to convey a party to the Eastern States to enable them to judge of and to report to their brethren what they were fighting against. At the same time he threatened, if hostilities were not abandoned ; to let loose the soldiers as thick as buffaloes to sweep the whole country. Senator Thayer, of Nebraska, at a Republican meeting at Cincinnati, on the 21st ult., made a sen sational statement, which has excited general atten tion throughout the Union. He said :—" I declare upon my responsibility as a Senator of the United States that to-day Andrew Johnson meditates and designs forcible resistance to the authority of Con gress. I make this statement deliberately, having received it from unquestioned and unquestionable authority." This statement was supplemented by Senator Howard, of Michigan, who, in a letter to the Detroit Tribune, expressed his belief in the President's intention to use the militia of Mary land and other border States to carry out his nefarious designs. The militia of Maryland consists of about 10,000 men, of whom 4,600 are in Baltimore. The State authorities reduced their demand on the Government to artillery alone, making no call for muskets, converting all into the one supply of field-pieces. At the same time they ordered new Springfield muskets for the infantry soldiers, which, with equipment, cost $23 per man. It is estimated that the force will require an ex penditure in this way of $500,000. General Grant has, however, refused the artillery. Both officers and men are said to be returned Confede rate soldiers, and to be clad in the grey uni form. The activity of Maryland, in thus (with its dilapidated finances) expending so large a sum has excited general suspicion, and gives rise to these rumours. The Democrats not only deny their truth, but declare that the coming rebellion was to be found in the opposite direction. The grand army of the Republic since the Pitts burgh Convention has assumed large proportions, and not only have the negroes been steadily and rapidly enrolling, but the militia of the Northern States have been so officered that it might be employed by the Radicals. These reports neutralise each other, and probably contain an equal amount of truth. A second report is about to be issued on the Pacific Mines, which will contain copious descrip tions of the agricultural and mineral resources of Utah, Montana, Idaho, Washington Territory, Oregon, California, Nevada, and Arizona. For many months a body of scientific men have been engaged in compiling it, and it will embrace the information obtained by the following gentlemen : Dr. A. Blatchley, on Utah, Montana, and Idaho ; Mr. W. S. Keyes, on the Argento and adjacent dis tricts of Montana ; Mr. W. Lair Hill, on Oregon ; Mr. Ainsworth, President of the Oregon Steam Na vigation Company, on the river Columbia and its tributaries ; Mr. Edward Evans on Washington territory ; Mr. John S. Hittell, on the Mining Districts of California ; Mr. R. 11. Stretch, Dr. Henry de Groot, and Myron Angel, on the State of Nevada ; Governor M'Cormick, on Arizona ; Mr. Henry C. Bennett, on the Miscellaneous &- sources of the Pacific Coast. The Commissioner, J. Ross Browne has himself visited Sinaloa and Lower California, the principal districts of Upper California, Oregon, Washington Territory, and British Columbia, collecting valuable information. An interesting Report on the Geology and Mine ralogy of Lower California, by Professor W. M. Gabb, will be embodied, as well as a paper, by Pro fessor Whitney, on South-Western Nevada and the Pahranagat Region, where he is now engaged. Mr. J. Ross Browne left San Francisco for Wash ington early this month to present his report in person. Europe will soon be fully informed on the closing events of Maximilian's career. His counsel, the American advocate, Mr. Frederick Hall, is writing a history of Maximilian in Mexico and Prince Salm Salm an account of the siege of Queretaro. We are promised, besides, the correspondence ;with Napoleon 111. and Marshal Bazaine. Lopez has published a defence, asserting that his enemies have endeavoured to divert attention from their delinquencies by fastening treachery on him. He says that the Emperor was captured at some distance from the town at the head of his troops, among whom were 430 cavalry men, drawn up in line of battle. Diaz is becoming the popular candidate for the Presidency of Mexico, nearly all the newspapers denouncing Juarez. The Constitzccional expresses itself with a freedom that at least speaks well for the liberty of the press :—" The apostle of progress, the administrator of law, the crea ture of the Constitution—this Juarez—pro poses to set up his will, to rend the flag he has clutched," &c.; "he has seized the axe of revolution," &c. Juarez has turned to the Church party for support. The Northern States were still in insur rection, and a telegram has announced the capture of Monterey by the insurgents. Senor Romero, the Mexican Minister at Washington, had been entertained at a public banquet by the citizens of New York previous to his return, when letters were read from Seward, Grant, and Thaddeus Stevens, expressing to him their sympathy with the Mexican Republic. Mr. Otterburgh, the American Minister at Mexico, had left, and the charge of the Legation had devolved on Consul Cripps. Frank Leslie says:—" In Salt Lake City they have a theatre which is said to bo conducted upon new principles, and to have attained a success no less surprising Man the growth of that city itself. It is a part of the Mormon faith to make use of the theatre as an educational instrument as well as a simple means of enjoyment. Who knows but that from the remote West wo may yet, by a sort of reflex influence, obtain the theatrical school, which will be As distinctly American as the Opera Bouffe is French." Wilkes tells us :—" George Sands realised about 580,000 on her plays.—Sardou, the author Famille Benoiton,' has received from it nearly s3o,ooo.—Paul Pavel, the author of 'La Bossu,' known hero as the Duke's Motto,' made by it s24,ooo.—Ponsard $12,000 in advance for his last piece. But the above are the prophets of dramatic literature. " The Worrell Sisters have played in Brooklyn to fulliand fashionable houses at the Academy. These young ladies are now in Boston rehearsing for their advent before the 130 stonians on Monday evening next. " Major-General Tecumseh Sherman visited the circug ;at Omaha, and boing recognised the clown, who was on e of the celebrated Sherman Bummers,' was enthusiactically seized and introduced to the infant pro digy, La b'olle Equestrienne and the pig-faced lady. Such are the pl6aFores of fame." 'l . 4ero hpi Peen in the Boston Advertiser a very neat tilt between a correspondent, signing himself " G. 11. G.," and Mr. Boutwoll, the former assailing and the latter defending the claim of Congress to take from the Presi dent the duty of directly executing the laws. Mr. Bout well's reply is very telling, except on ono point, which be altogether overlooks, and in which " G. 11. G." makes the most effective hit; and that if the President may not (as Mr. Boutwoll shows) decide on the constitutionality of an act of Congress, and the making of a caso for the Supreme Court be forbidden, military government being substituted for civil, how is the constitutionality of a law to bo tested ? If it cannot bo tested at all, what is the value of the Constitution except as advice to Congress ? There is probably no difficulty in the reconstruction pro cess which troubles so many people as this one, and there is only one way of meeting it, as wo have moro than once pointed out in these columns—but it is one to which the Radical leaders, for reasons of policy, aro reluctant to re sort—and that is by frankly avowing that the crisis is so tremendous that the majority has taken upon itself to %le whatever the occasion plainly calls for, constitutional or unconstitutional.— The Nation. NEGRO CAPACI7Y. It is a marvellous fact that the capacity of the negro race should in the present day be as hotly disputed as the qualities of a gorilla. The negro has inhabited Africa from time immemorial. For centuries the race has been associated with Euro peans—in some places free, but more generally as slaves. In the Northern States negroes are born, grow up, and die among their white fellow-citizens. In the Southern States the association has been much more intimate, for not only have they been among them, but of them, living in their houses, administer ing to their wants, cultivating their fields, and in deed exciting that keen interest that always attaches to property. In the Mauritius English planters have been associated with the African from one aide of the Continent, and in the West Indies with the African from the other side. The Anglo-Saxon has known them in slavery and in freedom—under the English, under the French, under the American, and under their own rule. English travellers have penetrated into all parts of Africa, and published voluminous accounts descriptive of the people. Yet but lately a fierce controversy was carried on in the columns of the English press with reference to negro capacity, when those who ought to be best informed agreed to. differ. Southerners positively assert that Northerners know nothing of the negro character, that all their acts have been based on misconcep tions, which some day they will bitterly regret, for that they have led, and will hereafter lead, to fearful results. The Northerner maintains that prejudice and self-interested motives unfit the Southerner to form a dispassionate estimate, that a missionary who has lived and laboured among the blacks is a much better qualified judge, and that they differ widely in their opinions on this subject from the Southern planter. Dr. SANFORD B. Hum' wrote an essay for the United States Sanitary Commission, which has just been re-published in a quarterly, on the negro as a soldier. IVhen Dr. HuNT gathered his facts the war was raging. When the employment of negro troops was first proposed, a bucket-load of doubts was dashed on the proposition. Had the negro the physique to endure hardship ? had he the necessary courage in action ? could he master the details of drill and be handled when the knowledge was required on the battle-field ? could he be con trolled when fairly aroused by bloodshed and in an enemy's country ? Dr. HUNT answers these ques tions satisfactorily in the negro's favour, and by reference to facts. The coloured man has a natural aptitude for drill. Notwithstanding the formation of his foot, which it was held would make him a bad walker, experience proves that he marches as well as any other soldier. He cannot stand against the white in enduring fatigue, but he can endure hunger for a much longer period. He forages well and feeds largely, but shows no pecu liar tendency to diseases of the alimentary tract. He bears injuries and recovers from them as well as the white soldier. Gangrene is of rare occurrence ; pneumonia, pleuro-pneumonia, and measles are more frequent and fatal among negroes than among whites, and the black is found by experience to be as liable as the white to bilious, typhoid, and malarial fevers. Nostalgia is unknown, and Dr. HUNT sums up by mentioning only two disqualifications which a lengthened trial has disclosed, viz., a greater lia bility to pulmonary and exanthematous diseases and lack of education. So far the negro has shown an inferiority, but this inferiority is nothing approach ing the degree anticipated. The true point of interest, however, does not lie in the negro'smili tary capacity, but in the qualities he developes in his changed position in the South. The New York Nation of Oct. 3 says :—" The negroes are disap pointing friends and enemies. They are every day coming into possession of land in all the Gulf States; they are working steadily and faithfully ; the Bureau banks are bursting with their savings; they are filling all the official posi tions in which they have been placed with modesty and efficiency; they are rapidly acquir ing education and political insight, and it is safe to say that half the land of the South is passing under the sheriff's hammer, and will soon be in possession of new men, on whom the traditions of the olden time have no hold, and whose labours will soon bring the South into the rank of civilised, modernised communities, and get rid of the question which for thirty years has cursed American politics. We :nay then look for a period of great prosperity, and of revived attention to the study and practice of social science." But is the Nation a sound authority on this sub ject? We believe that no journal in America is more honestly edited. It has the best means of procuring information on such points, and that in formation, whether for or against its own theories, will be truthfully given. The experience of the English in the West Indies is not encouraging, nor is the history of negro .rule in St. Domingo. No negro nation has yet taken a place in the world as a civilised people ; everywhere they have been the servant or the slave ; not alone to men of the Cau casian race, but to all with whom they have mixed. The Jew—hated, oppressed, despised—has lived through long centuries, rising everywhere superior to such treatment, and never sinking to servitude, but always proudly asserting his superiority to the Gentile. Here, then, we have the contrast be tween the innate superiority and the innate degra dation. But, on the other hand, the settlement of Liberia appears to have been a success, and the decay of the West Indies preceded emancipation, arising perhaps from causes wholly independent of that measure. Nor, physically, is the mental power far inferior to that of the people who, above all others, boast of their " brain." The negro brain, supposing the intellectual capacity can be measured by cubic contents, shows that the average white man has an advantage over the negro of 2.74 ounces, or about 5f per cent., though the experiments have neither been complete nor ex haustive. Few nations have developed a capa city for self-government, and the negro failures have certainly not equalled those of the Spaniard. The question is one of momentous interest to America. If the negro works, saves, studies, can be trusted in official and commercial positions, and above all concedes—for he will find out the truth of the saying that concession is the essence of politics—then we may indeed hope that not only will a great danger be averted, but, in general emancipation, a great good has been achieved. No more interesting problem has ever been offered to the world, nor one whose effects are likely to be more generally felt. A million of men, emancipated slaves, have simultaneously had their shackles struck off and their votes recorded. Without a period of transition they have passed from the most degrading slavery to a freedom seldom allowed to mankind. Broadly the question means either a war of races or the resuscitation of the South. If the negro takes his place as a hard working citizen, without pushing his pretensions beyond the bounds of prudence, a splendid career will re-open for the Southern States, the agricultural mart of the world. Cotton will again erect its throne with no false idol seated thereon styling itself King. Corn, tobacco, rice, and sugar will again pour in abundance from Southern ports over Europe and the North. This is the one picture, while the other is too horrible to contemplate. Th e symptoms then which show the negro to be truly represented by the Nation will be universally hailed with satisfaction, as the dawn—after a period of dreadful trial—of a brighter day on the sunny South, which may yet realirealiseLundy'S Dream,- -A ng l o - American Times. SAN FRANCISCO. The most rising city in the world is San Fran cisco. It is a marvel, outstripping in its progress and iu its future the wildest dreams of an enthu siast. At this moment San Francisco is the Queen of the Pacific. Yet San Francisco of to-day is but a poor village compared to what the San Francisco of the few years hence is likely to be. It is almost impossible to name a production that is not forth coining, or that cannot be raised on the Pacific slopes of the Rocky Mountains. This city is the centre not only of a vast agricultural district, of a mining territory compared with which all others on earth sink into insignificance, but it also holds a position which dominates the greatest of oceans. It is the store-house of precious metals ; from its barns every port receives grain ; it is the centre to which the commerce of Asia and all the Pacific islands, great and small, including Australia, will radiate ; it is the station where hereafter every one must halt who travels between the far East and West. The grape, of which there are 300 varieties, grow in such pro fusion and excellence that California cannot fail to become the greatest wine-country of the world. Already its hock and muscatel, its white wine and port, its Angelica and brandy, are sold throughout the States. More than three and a half million sacks of wheat, valued at $6,750,000, have been shipped from San Francisco since January. Two millions of sheep are spread over the pastures, im proving and increasing at a rate which promises ere long to place California at the head of pastoral dis- t tricts. Whether it be grain or tobacco, sugar or fruit, wo find the same overflowing abundance, and these wonderful gifts are in the hands of the most enterprising of people. Two hundred flour mills are in operation ; scores of foundries are turning out machinery, not for domestic use only, but for export to all surrounding countries. Sugar, cord age, chemicals, powder, woollens, cottons, tweeds, even paper, are there manufactured. Every day produces a new invention. The ingenuity of the American is here most fully brought into play. Labour is expensive, and labour-saving machinery is the peculiar product of the Yankee brain. Isolated from the greatest and most civilised por tions of the earth, by barriers hitherto considered almost impenetrable, California has accomplished these results, at once erecting herself into an agri cultural and manufacturing country. When, then, these barriers have been penetrated by the Pacific Railroad, the obstacles subdued, and the link established which is to connect San Francisco with the civilised nations of the earth, what is to be the future of this wonderful city ? Whether from Hong Kong or from New Zealand, from Borneo or Japan, the traveller to Europe will then have to strike for San Francisco. These places will become so many outlying depen dencies having their centre at this port. San Francisco will be the gate through which the Pacific will communicate with the At lantic. That all the countries of the North Pacific should find their most direct route through San Francisco is sufficiently intelligible, but all may not be aware that from Sydney or from Wellington the distance to San Francisco is shorter than to Panama. From Wellington the run is 5,86 k nautical miles, or 700 less than to Panama; there fore the Panama line of steamers will see their in terest, when the Pacific Railway is finished, in making San Francisco their eastern terminus in stead of Panama, thus reducing the time between the ports from 27 days to 25. The navigation is equally easy ; Tahite lying exactly in the course 2,200 miles from New Zealand. A writer in a New Zealand paper, who bad just made the voyage via Panama, strongly advocates this change. He gives the time as follows : Wellington to San Francisco 25 days. San Francisco to New York 5 71 New York to London l2 „ making a total of 42 days for the mail, and for pas sengers the option of passing as quickly or as lei surely as it suits them through a most varied and interesting country in the latitude which marks the, finest weather on the globe. If the distance be shorter from New Zealand—the most southern of inhabited lands of the Pacific—those of the north, approaching, as they do, the latitude of San Fran cisco, must be shorter still. Hence San Francisco becomes not only the best shipping port, but the most direct. The Central Pacific Railroad, par tially open as it is, gives proof of what its earnings will become when completed. For last month its receipts were $200,400, and the net profit $161,638 in gold, not greenbacks. The energy with which the huge difficulties of the line are overcome is characteristic of the Californians. It has been pushed on with amazing vigour, for the people are aware that their own industry, coupled with the extraordinary advantages of their country, cannot produce their full results until this work is accom plished.— Anglo-American Times. COUNTRY MARKETS. COLCHESTER—OcT. 19. This market was moderately supplied with wheat to day, and the business done was at is to 2s per qr under last week's prices. Barley was in fair supply, and prices is dearer. Beans and peas were unall erect. Wheat, white 748 Bk)s Beans, Mazagan......4os 428 red 7us 748 Middle and 5ma11..44s 486 Barley . 408 428 Peas, white. 38s 425 Oats ..... — s 8 grey ...... ......30s 1211 CIIELDISFORD—OcT. 13. There was a largo show of wheat on sale to-day, and a fair amount of business took place in all kinds at a reduction of from 3s to 4s over late rates. There was a firm demand for Spring corn, at the quotations of last w sok. W he'd, old white....6ss 77s Peas, Partridge 43s 956 new ..63s 79s White .368 4 0 s old red 6 , s Geo Boiling 38s 926 new. e6s 726 Dun.... ..... ...108 423 8ar1ey..... 20s 33s ditto, new....--s — 8 Chevalier iis 53s Beans, Tick, 01d......4es 476 .. . ___ Winding 268 32s Malt 66s 748 new....39s 43s Harrow 'rickB.42B 468 Chevalier 88a 78s Oats 2os 26s nemr....lia 45s Mazagan. . Us 445 ABERDEEN—Ocr. 18. Thoro was a brisk business done to-day, with a good attendance. Flour in demand at la 6d advance. Oats and barley also up. _ _ _ Whit wheal 58s Od to 63s 0d) 621 b bushel. Red wheat 50s Od t o 58 s 0d ) r 11 2 26 85 s 6 0d d t t o o 3 3 0 0 5 s Od Potato oats Common oats Bore 35s 6d to 36s 6d 35s Gd to 36s Gdj t 403 b ? bushel. Barley s3lb lit bushel. Oatmeal 20s 6d to 21s 6d 14 boll of 2801 b Flour, fine 48s Od to 50s Od igeack of 2801 b KIRKCALDY—Ocr. 19. Good supplios of wheat and barloy, but small of oats. Wheat. Barley. Oats. First..».... s's Od Ms Od 3os od :fecund.... liSs Od I 3vs Od Od Third— 7ds Od ' los Od 32s Od COAL Price per Ton sd s d Walls End Holton ... 22 3 North Pelton Gas 13 6 lietton Lyons 20 6 Framwellgato Eden Main Russell's Helton— 20 6 Haswell West Tanfiold l4 0 Ships at mark, 'ARKET. at the Close. t, 15—sold, 15. Births. ADAM—On the 18th inst., at Blair Adam, the wife of Wm• Adam, Esq., M.P., of Blair Adam, of a daughter. LEITH—On the 18th inst., at Aberdeen, the wife of Colonel Disney Leith, of a daughter. Paiu.tr—On the 20th inst., the wife of George Ferry, Esq. , beets Fusilier Guards, of a daughter. Marriages. CAMPBELL—MAcNIEL —On the lith inst., at Holy Trinity Church, Kilburn. James Hay Campbell, Esq., Major, 71st Highland Light Infantry, to Caroline Evina Macpherson, eldest daughter of John Macpherson-11acniel, Esq., of Kingston, Jamaica. GROOMS —LUCAS— On the 16th inst., at St. Thomas's Church, Portman-square, Henry Abbott Groom°, Esq., of King's Langley, Huts, to Annie, youngest daughter of E. Lucas, Esq., of High Wycombe, Bucks. Deaths. I'AngruAn—On the 17th inst., at the Commander-in - Chief's Office, Horse Guards, Mr. Jas. Farquhar, aged 70- HAnnixu—On the 19th inst., at Woodbrooke, Cricklewood , William Harding, Esq., late of the Ordnance Office, Pall- mall, aged 78. - HIBBERT—On t he 21st inst., at 2, Sussex-square, Hyde" park, Samuel llibbert, Esq., aged 84. IMRIE—At 11, Newton-road, Bayswater, Wm. Imrie, Esq., late of 16, Savile-row, aged 80. SHEAF— On the 18th inst., at Vale-street, Denbigh, N.W• Samuel Sheaf„Esq., Manager of the North and South Wales Bank, Deni;i'gh, aged 42. WHITE—On the 20th inst., John B. White, Esq., of 1301- grave-place, Blackheath, aged 81. London : Printed and Pablialed by WILLIAM ANDE,FAM of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at Tun SuN Olace, No 1 12 ' Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, iv the c Quu ty o , bliddlefiez.—Tticsday, October 22, 1867. AFT' E, Aftc; London; I ( IN DlThiin It j 8 NTIe. Sold ii the wliolnßal R, nilsArl " Kinali _ U 1 14. Al)v Pre , 1101 I. cDaYab utsoOuntl Atte] Af ter After After After After nT , EVi R y tight—i and Von tEGON Stalls at Mr. Austin's of the II Button. 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