The Sun. — London, England, 1870-06-06 00:00:00

THE WEEKLY PRESS. THE LORDS AND THE GREAT BILLS OF THE SESSION. The Saturday Review observes that it is curious to con trast the tranquil passage of the Land Bill to the Lords with the excitement which a year ago attended the progress of the Church Bill from the Lower to the Upper House. It was a most stirring crisis when Lord Derby announced his intention of opposing the bill altogether, and a struggle thus began which for a week engrossed public attention. Now there is scarcely the smallest stir of curiosity as to the course the Lords will take. Every one knows that they will pass the bill, and every one feels that, if they try to improve the shape of the bill, they will only be discharging the function which they exist to discharge. The experience of this session amply confirms the experience of the past, that they, under the modern constitution of England, are quite unfit to take the initiative in legislation. They are properly a Court of Review, with a power, however, to defer bills of minor importance, as well as to criticise and amend bills of primary importance. The good sense of the Peers may, we will hope, be trusted not to turn the discusion of the Irish Land Bill into an opportunity of squeezing out of the Government a series of petty advantages for the landlords, which would eitheP be rejected in a mass by the Commons, or, if allowed, would spoil the wholesome working of the bill, without doing the Irish landlords any real good. Nor is there much reason to fear that the Education Bill will meet with a hostile reception from the peers. The clergy, on the whole, are satisfied with it, and the bishops will hesi tate to make an ecclesiastical question of what is widely accepted as a very fair settlement of a great national problem. No bishop has opposed the bill in his communi cations with the clergy of his diocese, and the bishops are not at all likely to begin a sudden opposition in the Lords. The Conservative peers on a semi-religious question will scarcely be inclined to be more ecclesiastical than eccle siastics, and thus it may confidently be expected that the two main measures of the session will have an easy passage through the Upper House. MR. GLADSTONE AND THE DERBY. The Spectator says Mr. Gladstone wad at the Derby. Now, the popular view of the Prime Minister seems to be that of a bishop in domino, or else why that tone of mys terious enjoyment of naughtiness in which one of our con temporaries mentioned his expected presence on the Grand Stand on the Derby Day, and others described his actual presence there? The common notion is that an eccle siastic somehow discountenances the world by ignoring its amusements, but that a statesman ought to know England and England's life as thoroughly as may be yet, none the less, popular rumour assigns to Mr. Glad stone in this respect more of the nature of the ecclesiastic than of the statesman. There is a tendency to say " fie " to him if he enters heartily into the world as it is, and it is at the root of much of the almost personal dislike enter tained for him in the House, and by small sections of the Liberal party, and by almost all the old Tories, out of it. Men of the world don't feel that they could be quite frank to Mr. Gladstone as to their own tastes and modes of life without incurring some tacit reproof, some grieved displeasure in his manner, some uncomfortable sense that they and he belong to different worlds. Statesmen like the late Sir Robert Peel and Mr. Glad stone have always been popular amongst us, partly, no doubt, because we all feel the germs of those fierce crav ing in us which produce such careers as that of the late Marquis of Hastings. It is the self-distrust of peoples which is apt to make popular favourites. And a nation which is aware of its own tendency to rush headlong into pleasure will always respect a ruler who is at most never more than playful when he is at ease, and whose whole spare force is reserved for those great efforts when he con vinces his fellow-countrymen of the obligation of a duty, of the danger of a prejudice, of the nobility of a self denial. After all, Mr. Gladstone at the Derby was only face to face with that fitful licence of the English tem perament which makes us respect a curb and a spur so long as these are not applied directly to ourselves, but only indirectly through those humble servants of ours whom we designate our representatives. The moral qualities which excite enthusiasm in a nation are often very different from, and usually much greater than, the qualities which ensure popularity with acquaintances and friends. THE FUTILITY OF COMPULSORY NON-INSURANCE OF /IMPS The Economist reminds us that the number of accidents by sea has rapidly increased, and in consequence a vast crop of hasty remedies have been suggested. Of some others of these we may speak hereafter, but at present we only propose to discuss the most popular one. It is pro posed that shipowners should not be allowed to insure the full value of their vessels ; that they should be obliged to leave a certain part—say one-third--of that value unin sured ; and it is argued that, as shipowners would lose this uninsured amount if their ship was lost, out of eelf nterest they will be sure to take care that no unnecessary losses should happen. The proposers of this remedy did not probably foresee one consequence of their plan. If It could be worked, it would throw the ownership of ships into the hands exclusively of rich men. The owners of a considerable number of vessels need not in sure much; the owners of very many vesssels need not nsure at all. The number of ships which they own is enough to secure an average. The new law, therefore, would have no effect on them. They now take as large a " line." as it is called, as large a share of the risk, as the proposed law would impose upon them ; they would, after the passing of the new Act be in precisely the same position as they were before it. But in the case of poor owners there would be a great change. The owner, say, of a single vessel must insure : he will be ruined if he loses what is perhaps his whole property. He has no other ships to make an average with. He must insure the only one which he has if he is to carry on his trade. The sudden passing of such anAct would oblige all the small shipowners to sell their ships at once and probably half ruin them, because such ships would sell for very little if a sudden large supply—such as all the ships of all the poor shipowners—were at once thrust into the market. In practice, of course, judicious shipowners solve all difficulties to their own satisfaction. They set aside a certain sum annually for wear and tear : they can tell how much of the sums remitted should be so applicable to deterioration, and how much are properly profit on the different voyages of the ship—how much in a word should be charged to capital and how much to re venue. But what court could ever do this, or what law could ever say how it was to be done ? Probably no two shipowners do it exactly in the same way as it is, and it must always vary according to the sort of ship and their durability. You cannot hope to prevent wrecks by saying that shipowners should not insure the whole value of their vessel, because when you come to facts and instances, you could not discover, or agree on a rule for discovering, what the " legally insurable " value of a vessel is to be. THE GOVERNMENT EDUCATION BILL. 'itiozwksi teti2A )1:213, ,44i0 it achoo/ cieA2.4oe see.tias, to 4. 41p °I. 44.. 4ccord 4 .0 °88464 et a a t/ 440er of D t 06-'llll 811PPO 012804 ;toy C/1 246, rt WeStMebo 4.042,44 4 kt. 484,, It is as we feared, says the John Bull. Mr. Gladstone has not had the courage to stand his ground against his secular tail. His amendments—for poor Mr. Forster has only to move them—are all against the Church ; all, too, in derogation of the principle of the. bill as affirmed without a division at the second reading. This is a policy peculiar, we believe, to the present Ministry. The second reading used to be a .final affiimation of at least the principle of the bill ; Ministers stood or fell by what they then asked the House to agree to. It has been reserved to Mr. Gladstone to catch the second reading of a great measure on one principle, and then, by postponing the committee and entering into secret negotiations with the minority, substitute another in the guise of " amend ments." The propositions now introduced are not amend ments in any parliamentary sense; they are new clauses going to the root of the measure before the House. The question on which Parliament and the country concentrate their attention is the religious question. As regards the religious question, which is the backbone of the measure, the principle affirmed at the second read inn is exchanged for another, which has never had a second reading, or even a first, in the House. We appre hend this is a course without precedent nnder any other Ministry. It - is true that the entire bill is not yet sur rendered to the Secularists. They have still to fight, or more probably, to dictate a second capitulation on th rate-supported schools of the future. But on the far more -vital question of the existing grant-aided schools, they 'have obtained more than they dared to demand. No con -i are made or indicated to the objections of the - "clay ; and the odious clause 21, enabling a - -;ty of managers to transfer a Church trust, is retained. On the whole, gay thoughtful Churchman 4n the bill as it now ) Archdeacon •-,1 on, MAN AS A WINGED CREATURE. Some interesting talk took place at a meeting of the Aeronautical Society, under the presidency of Mr. Glaisher, Mr. Walter Clure contended that manual flight would be the ultimate triumph of aeronauts, and reminded the meeting that the ancients had devoted their attention exclusively to that branch of the subject. He combated the many popular errors that prevailed as to the indis pensable conditions of manual flight, contending that the means by which birds were enabled to fly were as yet but very imperfectly known, even to the scientific. He believed that man would ultimately be made a flying animal, but there were certain artificial difficulties to be overcome before the much-desired object was attained. Air was, as a matter of fact, as solid as any other material, and it is only required that the person seeking to fly should be able to get up a sufficient initial velocity to create in the air a solid resistance. His sug gestion was that men should be taught to fly as youths were taught to swim in Germany namely, by being sus pended by a rope, when h e cou ld in safety make experi ments with an artificial flying apparatus. He was quite willing to offer himself to the furtherance of science as a rotatory pendulum bob, if the Aeronautic Society should think anything of his suggestions. Mr. S. Harrison described some experiments which he had made with what he called an aerial velocipede. Hie starting prin ciple was that a screw propeller set to act in the air merely churned the column of air upon which it worked without making progress, but if it were attached to a velocipede upon which a good rider could advance at the rate of ten miles an hour on a smooth road, the weight of the velocipede and its rider would be gradually dimi- ' nished, and flight might thus at last be attained. His plan was to attach a plane of oiled silk to the velocipede, and at the corners of this plane to fix his propellers. Mr. Harrison illustrated his theory by chalk diagrams on the black board, and seemed to convince the meeting that, he had at least made some advance towards a true theory of aerostation. The chairman said that the last speaker had really touched the true principle. If ever they obtained perfect aerostation it must be by means of an iniatial velocity, acting on an incline aero plane. Mr. Harri son's idea seemed to lead up to both those desiderata, and he thought it would be worthy work for the society to test his theory by experiment. After some purely scientific discussion on the action of the anemometer, a gentleman suggested that a light canoe working on the water, would be a better medium of experiment with the propellers than the velocipede. Mr. Louis Olrick, con suiting engineer observed that the inventors of th e sew ing machine had not succeeded by endeavouring to imitate the old sewing process. They started on an entirely new principle, and aeronauts, if they wished to succeed, must do the same. They must not follow or study the fight of birds, but invent an entirely new plan of aerostation. What they wanted was patient experiment, and experi ments cost money ; aerostation could therefore only be studied successfully by wealthy societies. LAW AND POLICIP. THE CUNARD LINE OF STEAMERS. —The late Sir Edward Cunard, Bart., and his brother M r . Willi am C unar d were the owners of one third of the well-known line of steamers bearing their name, the shares according to the last valuation being worth £290,000. A contract had been entered into pro viding that in the event of the death of one of the part ners, the survivor should be at liberty to purchase the share of the deceased at a sum corresponding with the last valuation. Sir E. Cunard having died, an application was made in the Court of Chancery to autho rise the purchase of the share in que sti on by Mr. Cunard; and no objection being offered on the part of the several persons interested, Sir R. Malins consented to authorise the purchase. A CASK OF WINE.—An action has been brought in the Bail Court, against the London and South-Western Rail way Company. The plaintiff had ordered a cask of wine abroad and the defendant's were to deliver it at his residence. As the cask would not go into the house the plaintiff's wife sent it on to some mews near, giving the carter a receipt for the safe delivery. The man, who was out of temper, let the cask fall in lowering it, and it was broken, the wine being lost. The question was whether the carman being required to deliver the cask at a fresh place relieved the company from liability. The jury found for the defendants. THE MURDER AT STEPNEY. —WiIIiam Redhead, who stands charged with the murder of his stepmother, has been comitted for t r i a l a t th e C en t ra l C r i m i na l C ourt. ROBBERY OF MAIL BAGS.-At Bow-street William Folkard, a stamper at the Post-office, and Richard Bow man were charged with stealing letters and money-orders from mail-bags arriving from Derby at the Midland Rail way Station, St. Pancras. The prosecution not being completed, Mr. Flowers remand the prisoners. THE LICENSING LAWS.—At Marlborough-street a man named Ray was prosecuted for keeping a refreshment house without being licensed. He had to answer five informations. He was fined in the full penalties, amount • ing to 2160. THE MERTHYR TYDVIL BOARD OF HEALTH. —An appeal has been heard in the Court of Chancery on behalf of the Merthyr Tydvil Board of Health, the Master of the Rolls having refused to suspend any longer the execu tion of a writ of sequestration against their pro perty. The order for sequestration was made some time ago in consequence of the Board not having obeyed a previous order restraining them from polluting the river Taff with the sewage of the district. Execution was post poned to enable the Board to carry out a process of deodo rusation pending the acquisition of land and construction of works necessary for a sewer farm. These temporary works having failed to abate the nuisance, the board ap plied for a further extension of time, which the Master of the Rolls refused. Lord Chief Justice Giffard said if the parties were acting contumaciously he would not hesitate to grant the injunction, but the defendants had shewn that they only wanted time to set themselves right with the court. He therefore proposed to direct an engineer to report whether anything could be done to diminish the nuisance in waiting for the completion of the permanent works. The execution of the sequestration must be sus pended until the engineer's report was made. GOVERNMENT PROSECUTION AT HULL..--A prosecution of some importance is being carried on at Hull, at the instance of the Board of Trade. The defendant, Mr. Edward Nicholson, is charged with removing shingle from the beach, near Withernsea, within the port of Hull. The counsel for the prosecution, sold the injury done by such removal was very great and it was calculated within fifteen years something like 250,000 tons had been car ried away, the result being, according to evidence of sceientific men who could be produced, that the several works which had been erected at Spurn Point for the pro tection of the Humber from the influx of the German Ocean had become endangered, as well as the lighthouses which cost such an enormous outlay of money. The at tention ( f the Board of Trade having been called to the matter, they instituted several prosecutions last year when nominal penalties were inflicted, on the understanding that no further depredations would be committed Recently, however, they had been renewed, and the de: fendant (who, it appeared, had acted for Sir Clifford Con stable, the lord of the manor) was prosecuted for the re moval of the shingle. For the defence it was at once ad mitted that the shingle had been removed, but the jurisdiction of the magistrate was disputed, as Withernsea was not within the port or harbour of Hull. Upon those facts Mr. Travis, delivered a writ ten judgment, convicting the defendant in a nominal penalty, which would have been of greater amount, but that Sir Clifford Constable's solicitor asked for a case for argument in one of the superior courts, which was agreed to be given, at the same time undertaking that until judgment thereon should be obtained, the removal of shingle should cease. CHARGE OF FRAUD.—Two men of gentlemanly appear ranee, named Gibson and Yeomans, have been charged at Manchester with defrauding a Mr. Horsley, of Liver pool, of £2OO. Advertisements had been inserted in the newspapers and prospectuses issued respecting the North Caradon Mining Company, of which Messrs. Gibson and Ware were the agents: The prisoners ob tained from the prosecutor a cheque for £2OO, in the be lief on the part o 2 the latter that he was purchasing shares in the company. The case for the prosecution was that there was no such company in existence, and that the transaction was, therefore, a fraud. After the examina tion of Mr. Horsley and another witness, the prisoners were remanded to Wednesday, bail being refused. CONVICTION OF AN AGENT OF A BUILDING SOCIETY.— In this case the prisoner was the agent of the South Lancashire Benefit Building Society, and in this capacity he took £460 from a depositor named Susan Ambler. He told her that he had received forty-one pounds as interest, and this on her request he said he should add to the other deposit. On the secretary of the society absconding, the books were examined, and there was no " order of payment " to Ambler ; and the prisoner was brought up for feloniously embezzling the money. The jury found that the " order of payment " was • a " request to pay " or a " warrant to pay" money. The question for the decision of the court was, whether the indictment was good. For the prisoner it was contended that this was a " receipt " for money, and that it was not in the section, and that therefore the conviction was bad. The court held other wise, and confirmed the conviction. DEALING WITH PARTNERSHIP PROPERTY. —The prisoner Jesse Smith was convicted at Leeds of having feloniously received goods from a co-partner who had stolen them ; and the prisoner knew of this, The court pointed out that though the Act of last session made a partner dealing with partnership property liable to be dealt with as if he had not been a partner, still that did not apply to persons receiving from such partners, though they had guilty knowledge. The conviction must therefore be quashed. AN UNGALLANT VOLUNTEER.—A somewhat curious case came before the Edinburgh Small Debt Court. A prize-winner at a competition of the Edinburgh and Mid- Lothian Rifle Association, having won a Cup inferentially described in the list of prizes as of a certain specified value, successfully pleaded his right to hold the Associa tion to the precise terms of their announcement. The defence of the Association virtually was that, the prize having been presented by a lady, the pursuer should have been content to abate at least 50 per cent. of his demand. rt SERIOUS JOKE.—A young, man has been coin tted for trial, at Blackburn, on a charge of administer snuff to another in a glass of beer and nearly killing A Juvenile horse stealer, a lad 11 years of age, has been brought up at the Police Court, for stealing a horse. He went to some livery stables, and said he wanted a horse for his father to go to Woodolumpton, giving a name known to the livery man. H e moun t e d the horse, rode off, and was discovered endeavouring to sell the home for £7los, lie was remanded. THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, JUNE 6, 1870 COMMISSIONER WELLS AND THE COM- MIT FEE ON MANUFACTURES. SPECIAL DISPATCH TO THE " NEW YORK TIMES." WASHINGTON, May 2Q. The House Committee on Manufactures are in a state of ferment to-night. They have learned, some of them at least, that in their report submitted yesterday they are literally " Hoist by their own Petard." The fact was developed to-day that the report of the minority of the Committee is chiefly a sharp and pungent letter from Commissioner Wells, in which he overturns their argu ments and positions with great force and completeness. What renders the thing worse for Mr. Morrell and his followers is the fact that the minority report was ordered to be printed • with the majority. The scheme of the Committee was to present a report reviewing the report of the Special Commissioner of the Revenue, in which every one who had a grievance against the Special Commissioner, by reason of his recommendation, was to be allowed to make out the best case possible against him. For this purpose all their resources were laid under contribution. The wool manufactures, under the lead of Mr John L. Hayes, of Boston, furnished anew the pamphlets issued by the m inthe early part of last winter ; and the four cotton manufac tories of Boston have also embodied their recent letter denying the accuracy of the statistics of the cotton manu facture presented by the Commissioner, and which he subsequently answered and demolished. In addition to this the report contains a summary of the editorials of the New York Tribune on wool, the petitions of pig iron makers, and various other statements gotten up by different parties in respect to gunny cloth, webbing lumber, and the price of wheat ; th e whole winding up with the conclusion that the. Commis sioner was not only entirely wrong in all his statements and calculations, but that he meant to represent and mis state the questions at issue, and had also entirely over stepped the legitimate province of his office. This report has been in course of preparation for a long time, with great secrecy, and it was intended to submit it to the House, and have it printed and circulated without giving the Commissioner or his friends the opportunity to sub mit any rebutting evidence or explanation whatsoever. But, as " the best laid schemes of mice and men gang aft aglee," so this of Messrs. Morrell, Oakes, Ames, and Co., unexpectedly came to grief. A portion of the committee not being willing that the Conmissioner should be con demned unheard, secured the privilege of furnishing him with the points of attack, with a note requesting that he would submit such answer to the same as he might think proper. But the whole of the joke has not yet been told. The innocent Mr Morrell, and the shrewd Mr Oakes Ames did not conceive it possible that the minority of the Com mittee would attempt anything more than a feeble effort in the way of a protest to what was clearly an ex-pa rte statement, and so when the minority asked the unanimous consent of the House that they might print their statement in connection with those of the majority, the permission was unhesitatingly granted, and the two documents, if circulated at all, will have to be circu lated together, As one illustration of the way in which the Commissioner has demolished his adversaries, the case of the article of webbing may be referred to—and this ar ticle seems to have been a sort of pet thing with the ma jority of the committee, for they enlarge upon it to the extent of several pages, and endeavour to show that the Commissioner, who talked of the reduction of duty on the essential raw materials of our great manufactures, in reality through ignorance or carelessness, proposed to increase the duty on this particular article to the extent of several hundred per cent. The Com missioner has demolished their whole fabric by simply going to the New York Custom-house, and taking a copy of the first invoice of webbing imported duriiig the present month. This he presents entire, and leaves every one to see for himself that the duties recommended by him are simply a practical conversion of the present ad valorem into specific rates, and are nothing more ; a practical argu ment from which there can be no escape. So, also, in re gard to pig-iron, cotton, wool, lumber, comparative prices of agricultural product, and other matters, the Commis sioner brings such a vast amount of additional information as renders his letter to the minority of the Committee on Manufactures second only in importance to the report presented by him at the commencement of the session. The report of the minority is strongly in favour of the Commissioner, but points out that the question really at issue is not whether Mr. Wells understood the cost of freight or manufacture, but whether a burdensome system of taxation shall be maintained upon the whole country for the benefit of a few special interests. The business of the country is, they point out, extremely depressed, and the only marvel is that the energy and resources of the country have enabled its commerce to bear up against such an oppressive burden. THE INDUSTRIAL CLASSES IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. The reports to which we have hitherto called attention relate to the condition of the working-classes on the Con tinent of Europe. There remains to be noticed the Report on the condition of similar classes in America. The sub. ject is highly interesting, for, if there is any country which deserves to be called the paradise of the working man, it is the United States of America. Here. as Mr. Ford's report puts it, the labouring classes may be said to embrace the entire nation. " Every man works for a living, follows a profession, or is engaed either in mercantile or industrial pursuits." No profession and no calling is a bar to political promotion or social elevation. The tailor or bookbinder of to-day may aspire to Presidential honours, not exactly, as Mr. Ford puts it, " to-morrow," but within a defined and not remote time. The son of the President offends no social prejudices by taking a farm or a dry good s ' s t ore . All this _ _ a so much in harmony with the opinions and sympathies of our working-men that it is no wonder that they should wish to Americanise their own country. Never, indeed, in any one country were all the conditions favourable to their prosperity so signally combined as they are in America. An immense and unpeopled area, a climate for the most part salubrious, a soil for the most part fertile, an ample seaboard indented with capacious harbours, an exuberance of metallic wealth—all these advantages con curto attract and to employ a continuous influx of labouring immigrants. Line after line of railroad is constructed, city after city is reared, factory after factory is set agoing. Every kind of work that can stimulate industry and re ward ingenuity is persistently and continually developed. New works bring new wealth, new wealth craves new luxuries. New luxuries set new trades in operation. The circle of demand and supply goes round, and with it grow the importance and employment of the working classes. There is rarely a long stagnation of work. There ought never to be an utter want of money. Wages are high enough in the generality of towns to admit of saving quite enough to meet such bad seasons as do occasionally occur. All these circumstances are favourable to the operative, but they are more favourable to the opera tive of foreign than of American extraction. California is the seventh heaven of the working-man's paradise, i.e. if the enjoyments of a paradise may be measured by money payments. Here, bricklayers get from 18s. to £1 4s. a day ; blacksmith's helpers, Bs. to 10s. a day ; brush and broom makers, " £l5 a month and found ;" " coachmen trom £7 to £lO a month and found ;" carriage builders, 14s. to 16s. a day ; -fa rm labourers, " £6 a month and found in winter, £8 a month and found in summer ;" gasfitters, 14s. to 18s. a day ; gar deners, " £6 to £8 a month and found ;" miners, " Bs. to 14s. a day and found ;" quarrymen, 10s. a day ; sawyers, " £8 to £2O a month and found ;" waiters, "£4 to £8 a month and found." Fortunately for the European em ployer of labour, California is a very long way off, and it requires far more money to get there than the improvident habits of our artisans allow them to save. Those who aspire to settle there must make up their minds to go through a long apprenticeship in Canada or the Eastern States before they have earned sufficient to carry them to the coast of the Pacific. Mr. Ford thinks that the gold en days of the Californian labourer have passed away. But we question the correctness of his judgment. He hardly seems to make the requisite allowance for the inevitable consequences of the railroad which now unites the Atlantic and Pacific seaboards. It is impossible that the vast area traversed by this line should long remain sterile and unpopulated, or that cities should not grow around the metallic wealth of Neveda and California, or the agricultural wealth of the plains watered by the Arkansa River. A more formidable obstruction perhaps to English immigration is the increasing immigration of Chinese, a people whose skill, industry, and perseverance make them invaluable in the development of large but sparsely populated countries. Were there a much easier access than there is ever likely to be for English and German' immigrants, the popular prejudice against the Chinese labourers would probably assume the form of a harsh and prohibitive policy against their introduction. But as the competition lies between them and the Irish, the popular sentiment allows its hatred of yellow-skins to be merged in its detestation of Irish factions and rowdyism. After a strike of white shoemakers at San Francisco, the people were in despair at how to get boots and shoes. At last Chinamen were introduced at wages of 16s. a day. " So successful was this importation that the managers report they will soon require as many, white men for over seers as were previously required as working hands." Certainly, if the whole tribe of Irish unskilled labourers 'and waiters were swept away, not a single American capitalist who was not a railway contractor or a manipu lator of New 'York elections would regret it. But, much as all American genslemen would rejoice at this catastrophe, their joy would be as nothing compared to that of the American ladies if they could but find themselves emancipated from the tyranny of their Irish cooks and chambermaids. Mr. Ford's Report confirms all that we have been told or have read of the dirt, slovenliness, ignorance, and inso lence of a class of people who combine the rudeness of a savage with the wants and exactions of the most civilized life. On the whole, this report shews cause for relaxing some of our Malthusian strictness. Our English working folk may marry and multiply, provided only that they lay by sufficient to enable them to emigrate to new fields of labour. Between the Pacific States of America and our own colonies of Canada and Australia there is ample room and employment for thousands of English men and women who do no work in England. But they must save here in .order to go thither, and many of them must consent to 'earn in Canada the means of transit to California. It will never do for benevolent societies to come to their rescue by winking at their improvidence when they are well paid, and sending th em ou t o f t h e country at other people's expense as soon as work falls slack and wages go down.—Saturday _Review. CO-OPERATIVE FARMS. Several interesting experiments in co-operative farming have been tried of late years in various parts of England, and are said to have been attended with great success. Mr. Gurdon, of Assington Hall, in Suffolk, was the bold innovator wh o fi rs t conce i ve d thi s idea. The ' system at Assington is wholly unconnected either with the small farm system or the allotment sytem. The members form an agricultural company, but the land is not divided among them so as to give each one a piece to himself, and in fact they have no more to do with its cultivation than the share holders in a railway company have to do with its traffic. The profits are divided among them every year and are supposed to be paid partly in money and partly in kind • but for all they have to do with the actual tillage of the land they might as well live a hun dred miles off, or have their money in the Crystal Palace. The " co-operative farm " is not intended to be a. means of turning the labourer into a farmer; nor is it, except in point of money, any substitute for the allotment. The members continue what they ever were— ordinary day labourers, who work for the farmers of the parish at the ordinary weekly wages ; as, indeed, they may work under their own manager on the same terms if they choose, and if out of employment they have a prefe rential claim upon him. But that is all. The only farmer in the case is the paid manager, and he is little, if at all, above the rank of an ordinary peasant. The manager occupies what corresponds to the farmhouse upon the farm, and he and his colleagues are supposed to meet in council once a week, when questions of crop pin, manuring, and what not are, if necessary, put to the Tote ; but practically the whole working of the machine is in the hands of the one man who stands in the place of the ordinary tenant farmer. No member is allowed to live more than three miles from the parish to accept parish relief, or to retain his share, if convicted of a felonious offence. All are obliged to belong to an ap proved benefit club, and the widow of a member may retain her husband's share during her own lifetime. Assing ton is a pretty little retired village some distance from any railway, lying in a thickly wooded but rather flat country between Colchester and Sudbury. The late Mr. Gurdon began his scheme as long ago as 1830, and at the present time there are two farms on the property, cultivated by two different companies, one of 133 acres and 21 members, the other of 213 acres and 36 members. In each case the company was formed by means of a loan from the landlord, supplementing the subscriptions of the members. In each case the loan was the same—namely, £400: but in the first company the subscriptions were £3 a piece, and in the second £3 10s. Both the size of the farms and number of members have gone on increasing till they have reached the figures above given. The value of each share in the larger farm is estimated by the sum which the holder would receive if the whole stock were sold off, and that is calculated at about £3O. The shares on the smaller farm, as they yield a larger income, are worth nearly £5O. When a labourer buys a share he has to pay not less than £5 down, and he surrenders his proportion o f th e p ro fit s till the balancei is discharged. The rent paid is about 30s. an acre, which is something below the average rental of the neighbourhood. These societies started on the whole, then, under favourable circumstances. It is true that the original capital in each case was rather below the amount which is thought desirable for farming in general. But still it seems to have been about £7 an acre. No interest was charged for the money advanced. In the next place, the expenditure was and is limited entirely to the necessary expenses of cultivation. There is no establish ment to keep up. There is no "black-coated man," as the local phrase runs, who has a station to maintain or luxuries to purchase. The farmer or manager lives like a peasant, and nothing goes in unproductive expenditure. Under these circumstances one is naturally very curious to know what the profits are, and how much each member really receives per annum. But this is just the point on which a good deal of secrecy is preserved. Every member gets a ton of coals, a certain number of sacks of potatoes, and one if not two fat pigs every year. But how much money is divided between them could not be discovered with exactness. The general opinion in the village among non-members was that a share in the old farm was worth in money and goods from £2O to £3O a year. THE MIGRATION OF FABLES. The eminent Professor Max Muller delivered a high class lecture on Friday evening at the Royal Institution on " The Migration of Fables "—tracing the history of some examples of this class of literature until they were lost in the mists of antiquity, The Dean of Westminster was amongst the numerous audience which warmly ap- Lauded this fine lecture. The Profess* commenced his fine discourse with the familiar adage, " Count not your chickens before they are hatched," and expressed his be lief that most hearers, if asked for its origin, would, with out hesitation, refer it to Lafontaine, and to his milkmaid, Perrette. But about the year 550 of the Christian era, it was told to Khosru Nushirvan, King of Persia, that there existed in India books of great worth and wisdom, capable of instaucting mankind in matters important to their welfare. The King desired that his own subjects should share in the benefits to be obtained from these books and he instructed his Vizier to employ a proper person to obtain and translate them. The royal physician, Barzilyeh, was selected for the work, and succeeded in accomplishing it. Barztlyeh refused all reward beyond a dress of honour, but stipulated that a notice of his own life and opinions, probably written by himself, should be appended to the work. Of this notice Professsor Max Miller said that it was a Religio Medici of the sixth century, and that it exhibited the thoughts of a man who turned away from formalities in search of truth and who, like many such seekers before and since, found his best refuge from the uncertainties of life in his en deavours to alleviate the sufferings of his fellow men. Among the Indian writings thus translated was a collec tion of fables known as the Panka Tantra, or five books ; and they were rendered into Peh levi, the ancient language of Persia. The original version by Barzayeh is lost, but between the years 754 and 775 it was translated from Pehlevi into Arabic by Abdallah iba Almokaffa, who held high office at the Court of Alinan sur, Khaliff of Bagdad, the contemporary of Justinian This second rendering of the Panka Tantra has been pre served, and an edition of it was published by de Sacy in 1816. It contains, among other fables, the story of a Brahmin, who collected rice by begging, and put the sur plus into a pot, which he suspended over his couch. It occurred to him that there might be a famine, in which case he would sell his rice for a hundred rupees, and would buy two goats. The goats would multiply and become a herd and he would sell them and buy cows. The cows would calve, and increase in value, and he would then buy buf faloes and cultivate land. With the produce he would buy mares, and would sell their foals for gold, with which he would buy a fine house. Then a Brahmin would bring him his daughter in marriage, with a rich dowry, and they would have a son, who would be called Somo-Sala, and end should run to sit upon his father's kneee. The child should so run when his father was sitting reading, and would be in danger of being kicked by one of the mares. The father would call out to his wife Take the baby ! Take the baby 1" but she, intent on household cares, would neglect the call. Then her enraged husband would spring up and give her a violent kick, and the Brahmin kicked out so vigorously that he kicked his pot and broke it, and the rice ran out and made him white all over, so that people said of those who formed foolish plans that they should be made white, like the father of Somo Sala. The Professor then began to trace this fable in its course towards modern times, and gave an account of some of the modifieations that it had undergone. In one of these the dreamer was a holy man who had collected butter and honey, and the immediate cause of the final catastrophe, the breakage of the jar, so that the butter and honey ran down upon his beard, was the flourish given to his stick as an expression of his determination to chas tise the son who was to crown his prosperity, if that son proved a negligent or backward student, and failed to profit by the masters that would be obtained for him. The version of Abdallah iba Almokaffa was itself translated into Greek by Symon Seth, and from his Greek into Italian and Latin. It was also translated, directly or indirectly, into -Hebrew, Latin, German, Spanish, French, and English, but the version from which Lafontaine appears to have taken some of his stories came through two successive Persian translations, of which the second, a modernized one, was long a Haileybury textbook, and which appeared in French as the fables of the Indian sage Pilpay. Lafontaine did not obtain Perrette from this source, as the original fable was not included in the collection, and Professor Max Muller briefly traced the translations of the story of the Castle Builder, and shewed when the milkmaid was introduced as the heroine. Leaving this part of the subject, and after some remarks on the vitality and the widely-spread influence of Eastern fable, the Professor spoke of one Sergius, a Christian, who held a position of trust under Almansur, and whose son, under the name of Johannes Damascenus, because a famous theologian and controversial writer. Among other works, he 'wrote a treatise on Christian morals, in the form of a kind of religious novel, the history o f Balaam and Josa phat. The latter was a young Prince, of whom it had been predicted that he would embrace Christianity, and become a devotee. His father endeavoured to seclude him from all knowledge of human misery or evil, and to attach him entirely to the pursuit of pleasure. But at length the young Prince took three drives, and saw old age, sickness, and death. He became a hermit, and had been accepted as an actual person by both the Eastern and Western Churches, and was cano nised by both. In the Greek Church the festival of St. Josaphat is celebrated on the 16th of August ; in the Church of Rome on the 27th of November. But the Professor pointed out how certainly the son of a great officer at the Court of Almansur would be acpainted with the Indian literature that Abdallah iba Al mokaffa had translated from Pehlevi into Arabic ; and then went on to shew that the history of Josaphat was simply the history of Buddha, as given in the sacred books of the Buddhist religion. He said it was strange, indeed, if the founder of Buddhism—a religion that had endured for 2,400 years, that even now numbered 455,000,000 adhe rents, and that taught a morality second only to that of Christianity—had received the highest honour that the Church of Rome could bestow ; and added that no member of that Church who read the life of Buddha need feel ashamed that this heathen saint had, been added to the calendar From a parliamentary return published this morn ing, we learn that from P 364 sums amounting to £206,589, the property of deceased or discharged soldiers, has come into the hands of the War Department. Of this, £181,029 have been paid to the soldiers' families ' leaving a bala nc e; of £23,560. In 1869 the figures' were i Receipts, R 32,421 ; disbursemento, 47;416; balance, £5,006. SUICIDE OF A FAMILY. The journals of Berlin publish accounts of an extra ordinary suicide in that city. A small dealer, named Kuth, resided in the Strasse Sebastian with his wife and four children ; whose ages ranged from ten to eighteen. A few days back a relative of the family received a letter from the eldest son, written in such terms as to foreshadow a catastrophe. The person to whom the communication had been addressed at once informed the police of his fears, and an entry into the house was effected, but too late to prevent the tragedy which had been consummated. The mother and four children were lyin€ , on a bed, de a d f rom strangulation, and the father was hanging by the neck behind a door. According to the letter of the son the entire family had consented to die together, but the motive for such a reso lution remains a mystery. STARTLING DOINGS IN CASHMERE. Among the news from India which has just arrived is a report of a startling communication which has been re ceived from Mr. Hayward, the traveller, with reference to aggressions that have been carried on by the Mahara jah of Cashmere at different times within the last twelve years in the Gilgit valley. Taking advantage of dissensions among the ruling family in that Trans-Indus territory, he seized the fort of Gilgit in 1858 ; and an expedition to Yassin was under taken on a large scale in 1863. On the latter occasion the inhabitants of the place, taken by surprise, were obliged to seek refuge in a hill fort some miles distant, and were afterwards induced to lay down their arms by promises, that they should remain unharmed. A massacre followed which will only find its parallel in the history of the Indian mutiny. On the hill side, where the massacre occurred, Mr. Heyward, seven years after the event, counted 14 still entire skulls, nearly all those of women and children. " The ground is literally white with bleached human bones, 'and the re mains of not less than 400 human beings are now lying on this hill." By a treaty passed in 1846—the treaty under which the Maharajah of Cashmere is a ruler at all—" the limits of the territories of Maharajah Goolab Singh shall not at any time be changed with out the concurrence of the British Govern ment." The Maharajah has, however, conquered Ladakh and Baltistan, and Mr. Hayward attributes to him " con tinued attempts at aggression in the direction of Yarkand and Badakhshan. " Mr. Hayward says it is " well known that Russian agents have already met with a favourable reception in Cashmere ; " and he observes, " That the Maharajah is now intriguing with Russia by the route of Gilgit, - Yassin, Kolat, Hissar, and Bokhara cannot be doubted." CHARLOTTE B RONTE. Hours at Home, for June, has the beginning of a series of unpublished letters by Charlotte Bronte, which will give quite an impetus to the circulation of the magazine. The following letter is a characteristic specimen of the easy and affectionate style in which the author of "Jane Eyre" was wont to address her intimates : " Haworth, Jan. 1, 1833. " Dear E.,—l believe we agreed to correspond once a month. That space of time has now elapsed since I received your last interesting letter, and 1 now therefo hasten to reply. Accept my congratulations on the arrival _ of the New Year, every succeeding day of which will, I trust, find you wiser and better in the true sense of those much used words. The first day of January all present to my mind a train of very solemn and important reflec tions, and a question more easily asked than answered frequently occurs, viz.: How have I improved the past year, and with what good intentions do I view the dawn of its successor? These, my dearest E., are weighty con siderations, which (young as we are) neither you nor I can too deeply or too seriously ponder. I am sorry your too great diffidence, arising, I think, from the want of suffi cient confidence in your own capabilities, prevented you from writing to me in French, as I think the attempt would have materially contributed to your improvement in that language. You very kindly caution me against being tempted by the fondness of my sister to consider myself of too much importance, and then in a parenthesis you beg me not to be offended. 0 ! E.,. do you think I could be offended by any good advice you may give me ? No, I thank you heartily, and love you, if possible, better for it, I had a letter about a fortnight ago from Miss—, in which she tells me of the birth of Mrs.—'s little boy, and likewise tells me you had not been at—for upwards of a month, but does not assign any reason for your absence. I hope it does not arise from ill health. [I am glad you like " Kenilworth." It is certainly a splendid production, more resembling a romance than a novel, and in my opinion one of the most ihteresting works that ever emanated from the great Sir Walter's pen. I was exceedingly amused at the cha racteristic and naive manner in which you expressed your detestation of Varney's character, so much so, indeed, that I could not forbear laughing aloud when I perused that part of your letter ; he is certainly the personification of consummate villany, and in the de lineation of his dark and profoundly artful mind Scott exhibits a wonderful knowledge of human nature as well as surprising skill in embodying his perceptions so as to enable others to become participators in that knowledge.] Excuse the want of news in this very barren epistle, for 1 really have none to communicate. Emily and Annie beg to be kindly remembered to you. Give my love to —, and as it is very late, permit me to conclude with the assurance of my unchanged, unchanging, and unchange able affection for you.—Adieu, dearest E. I am ever * * yours. PRINCE ALFRED'S IMPRESSIONS OF INDIA. The Duke of Edinburgh has written a long letter to Lord Mayo, surveying retrospectively his tour in India. The letter was read by Lord Mayo himself at the banquet given at Lahore in honour of the retiring Lieutenant- Governor, Sir Donald Macleod. The Duke says that the anticipations of Oriental magnificence connected in his mind with the idea of India were more than realised during his tour. He hopes that his visit has not been burd ensome t o he country, but he fears that the example of magnificence set by the Viceroy was but too generally followed. The Duke continues :—"The hurried character of my tour through the Interior prevented me from obtaining more than a bird's-eye view of the principal parts of the country, but I have seen enough to awaken in myself a strong interest both in its past history and its present condition. I have seen many evidences of the anxiety which exists, not only among the British community, but among the more wealthy and influential of the native-born inhabitants, to raise and improve the mcral and social condition of the poorer classes. The importance of the spread of educa tion is gradually beingunderstood, and in several instances I was highly gratified by the manner in which the commu nities of some cities desired to commemorate my visit—by the foundation of scholarships bearing my name, by the commencement of recreation grounds for the use of the people, by endowing high schools, and at some of the seaports by contributing funds for the erection or improvement of sailors' homes. These laudable objects have been very materially, in some cases mainly, assisted by the munifi cence as well of private individuals as of some of the Indian princes, whose generosity is so well known to everyone that it would be superfluous for me to mention their names here. That my visit has been instrumental in bringing about results such as these is one of the happiest reflections with which I shall look back to my brief stay in India." His Royal Highness goes on to say that he has never travelled in greater comfort than on the Indian railways, states that he " enjoy e d w ith a ll hi s heart" the few days he was enabled to devote to field sports, and expresses the pleasure with which he made the acquaintance of many officers, of whose friendship he is proud, and the story of whose lives is not the least instructive among the lessons that have been brought to his notice in India. With his visit to Bombay, the Duke says he was much gratified, and remarks upon the fact that his arrival there, occurred almost contemporaneously with three great events, each of which has a direct bearing upon the city's future greatness—the completion of the railway communication. between Eastern and Western India, the opening of the Suez Canal, and the laying of the Submarine Telegraph between Suez and Bombay. I trust, the Prince adds, that the bright hopes for the future which this happy concurrence of events is calculated to inspire will be amply realised, and I also hope that m y ki n d f r i en d s i n Bombay will sometimes remember that, simultaneously with the dawn of their good fortune, the son of their Sovereign came among them to assure them of the lively sympathy with which her Majesty regards them, and of the pleasure with which she will learn of their hopeful prospects. Madras, although heavily weighted in the race with her sister capitals by local disadvantages, wel comed me so warmly, entertained me with so much con sideration, and sped me on my way with such kind wishes, that I am glad it was chosen as the port for my re-embarkation. My reception there was a most gratify ing and flattering culmination to a very interesting tour. The three months of my stay in India have passed only too rapidly and pleasantly away. lam laden with a debt of gratitude —a debt which lam proud to owe, but whiCh I can never hope to repay. In all that concerns the welfare of India I shall ever take a deep interest, for I have learned to regard her people with affection. I am the glad bearer of a message from them to my mother, which will give her unbounded satisfaction, for I have to tell her how enthusiastic has been my reception, how universal the affectionate loyalty which greeted me, and how it is for her sake alone that I have been thus welcomed to India, that my advent has been thus eagerly seized as an opportunity for expressing their sentiments of personal devotion to her Majesty, and of their heartfelt appreciation of the mildness and beneficence of her rule. I must now bid to the people of India an affectionate farewell. May God pour down his choicest blessings on the land." The Prince Imperial of France has been employed as an orderly officer or aide-de-camp at a review which has just taken place in the Bois de Boulogne. He rode like a centaur, and discharged the duties with which he was en trusted to the admiration of all beholders. Some interesting information is given in a series of consular reports just published. In Brazil the slaves are fast dying out, at the rate of about 8,000 deaths in excess of births per annum. The liberated slave's notion of freedom is total abstention from anything like labour, and in a country and climate like Brazil he can almost enjoy this luxury. The war with Paraguay has deranged the finances 'of the empire, and its debt is nearly 850,000,000. STRENGTH OF THE AMERICAN NAVY. The Secretary of the Navy, in response to the House resolution, says the number of vessels of each class now in commission is as follows :—First rate, 2 ; second rate, 9 : third rate, 15; fourth rate, 18; receiving ships, tugs, &c., and for quarters, 26. The number of vessels of each rate not in commission is as follows : First rate, 2; second rate, 27 ; third rate, 18 • fourth rate, 67. Whole number of non-commissio ne d petty officers and seamen as is estimated the from the latest re t urns i s 8 , 274 . It the current duties of the naval service, afloat and on shore, including all the various duties imposed by l a w or required for the proper administration of the service, and making allowance for the sick list and furloughs and the requirements of regular reliefs rendered necessary by the nature of the naval service, it can be carried on properly and effectively after the several grades of officers on the active list are reduced and fixed at the following numbers, viz.:—Lieutenant commanders, 80 ; lieutenants, 280; masters, 100 ; ensigns, 100 ; surgeons, fib ; passed assistant surgeons, 40 ; assistant surgeons,' 45 ; paymasters, 50; passed assistant paymasters, 25 ; assistant paymasters, 25 ; chief engineers, 68 ; first assistant engi neers , 50; second assistant engineers, 75. The scale makes an in crease in the number of lieutenants corresponding to the decrease in the number of lieutenant eommanders, and a small increase on the number of chief and second assistant engineers. But it reduces the whole number of officers allowed by law to 270, and makes a decrease in the item of pay of $450,000. COMING HOME—A NEW SEA_ PERIL. From the Commercial Advertiser, May 20. The only drawback to foreign travel hereafter will be the dread of coming home. The 'new regulations o f the Custom-house are so stringent that the returniug Ameri can will actually look with apprehension upon the shores of a native land. It is a question of clothes—of a " reasonable amount of clothing "—which the traveller may have in his trunks. The individual may not decide this. It is left to the Custom-house officer—a man who se small salary has never allowed him a very liberal expendi ture for garments, and who is likely to regard a " reason able " supply as only another term for a " necessary supply." Dr. Holmes wrote years ago : " Three pairs of boots ; one pair if feet demands, If polished daily by the owner's hands ; If the dark menial's visit save from this, Have twice that number, for he'll sometimes miss." Now to many persons three or six pairs of boots or shoes are a mere bagatelle—poverty and destitution. So with coats and other garments. But who shall decide for the ladies, and is there any " reason " in their dress ? Shall an inspection decide for Flora M`Flimsy, who had " nothing to wear," though a host of dresses hung upon her walls ? The wh o l e thi ng i s con t emp tibl e an d small, and unworthy of a great nation. The people are not all swindlers and smugglers. They are not all knaves and cheats. Yet so the Government in its Custom-house and revenue regulations regards them. As the Times well observes : People have paid heavy taxes for some years without a murmur, but instead of their liberality being well appreciated, they are now subjected to a few extra turns of the " screw." Why make any method of raising money for Government unnecessarily odious ? Suppose a man does bring an extra coat or two with him, the Government can much better afford to let him do it than authorise its officials to reckon up garments and appraise their value, like so many second-hand clothes dealers." Returninc , travellers should at least be allowed to revisit home with some emotions of pleasure. NAVAL EFFICIENCY AND NAVAL ECONOMY. The Naval Appropriation Bill has at at length been passed by the House. The most noticeable feature about the debate which ensued on several of its amendments, was an obvious determination on the part of members to cut down expenditures which did not confer increased efficiency, and to sanction appropriations which did. It is quite obvious that to attract the proper class of man into the upper grades of the profession, its scale of nemu neration must bear a reasonable proportion to the time and talent which the service demands, as well as to the re wards they would be likely to receive in other careers. There is an unmistakeable and unanimous desire among all ranks of people to keep down expenditures, b u t the popular intelligence will not be deluded by a s ho r t- s i g hted economy which would nitimately cripple the ener gies and lower the status of a noble service, It is quite certain, on the other hand, that Mr. Dawes pretty faithfully represents the current of public feeling in contending as he did for diminished ex penditures in our navy-yards. It is impossible to explain away the fact that a dollar will go nearly as far in a pri vate yard as two doll ars w ill un d er G overnment supervi sion: Every one admits the necessity of a country pos sessing so vast a seaboard maintaining a few dockyards for purposes of refitting and occasional construction ; but it is plain that the Government would sacrifice neither dignity nor efficiency, and would certainly effect a great saving of money, by putting up its ship-building to private competition. We make no pretence of keeping any branch of our united service on such a footing as to be always prepared for war, and it has yet to be shewn that a lavish expenditure on our arsenals will com pensate for a lack of other resources in time of need. There is one point, and perhaps only one, in which we might profitably imitate the example Of European States in our naval organisation—and that is the formation of naval reserves. We point with just pride to our thousands of citizen soldiers, who, without interrup tion to a career of peaceful industry, are trained to the use of arms and disciplined for service in the field. We have no counterpart to this among the sailors of our trading ships ; but depressed as our mercantile marine is at the moment, it can still furnish a large enough propor tion of 'volunteers, who would willingly undergo the training required for manning our ships of war when such a necessity arose. Our consistent policy has been to maintain permanently as few fighting men as is consistent with safety, and to place the defence of the nation as com pletely as possible in its own hands. The formation of a naval reserve among our native sailors would be a very wise extension of the Republican policy of purely defen sive armoments.—New York Times. Some days ago a terrible fire broke out in the beautiful village of Bodegspaven, situated on the Rhine, near Gouda, in the province of South Holland. About 120 houses, the town hall, and the churches were burned. The whole village is on heap of rubbish. The devastation is very considerable. AN ENEMY TO EVASION.—The Recorder of Liver pool has delivered a judgment upon a case arising under the Refreshment Houses and Wine Licences Act (23 Vic. c. 27), which appears to us to give a correct interpreta tion of the statutes. He has convicted a publican for allowing prostitutes to assemble where the ostensible object was that of dancing, Two-thirds of the women present on the occasion were known to the police as prostitutes, and the learned Recorder drew the inference that the female visitors were substantially all prostitutes, and that the men who were present were attracted by the knowledge that they would meet 9 , number of prostitutes, and have the opportunity of dancing with them. Therefore he came to the conclusion that the publican had encouraged and permitted the females to assemble as an attraction to the men, who were drawn to the place entirely by the knowledge that they would meet this particular class of women. He held further that it was not necessary to prove acts of prostitu tion resulting. Justice, however, was in a measure defeated upon a technical point. The conviction was a second conviction, but the magistrates had omitted to state on the face of it that defendant had before been con victed. Upon this ground he quashed the conviction. — Law Times. LADVEItTISEMENT.J—Avoid Medicines—they always aggravate chronic complaints; but Du Barry's delicious health-restoring Revalenta, Arabica Food, which yields three times the nourish mentof the best meat, saves 50 times its cost in other remedies, and invariably restores perfect digestion, strong nerves, sound lungs, healthy liver, pure blood, refreshing sleep, functional re gularity, ano energy to the most disordered or enfeebled. We ex tract a few out of the 68,000 cures ,—"The Pope's health restored by Du Barry's Food. Cure No. 68,413. " Rome, July 21 1866. —The health of the Holy Father is excellent, especially since, abandoning all other remedies, he has confined himself entirely to Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica Food, of which he consumes a plateful at every meal. It has produced a surprisingly bene ficial effect on his health, and his Holiness cannot praise this excel lent food too highly. —From the "Gazette du Midi," July 25. 'Cure No. 58,216, of the Marchioness de Brehan, of seven years' liver complaint, wasting away, debility, nervousness, with a nervous ralpitation all over, bad digestion, constant sleeplessness, and the most intolerable nervous agitation.." Cure No. 1,771; Lord , Stuart de Decies, Lord-Lieutenant of Waterford, of many years' dyspepsia. No 49,832: "Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency spasms, sickness, and vomiting.—Maria Jolly." Cure No. 46,270: Mr. James Roberts, of Frimley, Surrey, of 30 years diseased lungs , spitting of blood, liver derangement, and partial deafness. Important Caution.—Beware of the marl unsavoury and more than sloppy imitations to which, without authority, Baron Liebig's name is most audaciously attached. In anti, at Is lid; 1 2s 9d; 2lb is 6d; 51b 118.; 121 b 228; 24 lbs 4 8.--\ No Du BARRY'S BEVALENTA RAM CA. CHOCOLATE POWDER is packed in tin canisters: for 12. cups at 2s, for 24 cups at 3s 6d, for 48 cups at6s, for 288 cups at 30s, for 576 cups at 558 —being about one penny per cup. The 30s and 55s tins sre sent free of carriage in England on receipt of Post Office Order.- - BARRY Du BARRY and Co., No. 77, Regent-street, London and all Grocers and Chemists BIRTHS. On the 2d inst, at Cirencester, Lady Beadon, of a daughter. On the Ist inst., at Woodcote, the wife of H. C. Wise, Esq., M.P., of a daughter. MARRIAGES. On the 2d inst., at St. Michael's, Paddington, Robert Webber Mouro, Esq., son of the late John Boscawen Mouro, Esq., of the Middle Temple, to Frances Mary, second daughter of Duncan Davidson, Esq., of Tullychetly, Aberdeenshire. n the 2d inst., at Oakham, John Brough, son of Samuel James Hallam, of West View, Upper Norwood, and Minc ing-lane, London, to Alice Aldersey, eldest daughter of Benjamin Adam, Esq., of Oakham. DEATHS On the Ist inst., at Bonny Brook, Little Kimble, Bucks, Joseph Quartermnine, aged 77. Cn the 3d inst, at Chelsea, Henry Charlton Orton, secretary to the Mediterranean Extension Telegraph CompanY, aged 57. London : Printed and Published by WILLIAM ANDREWS of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at THE SUN Office No. 1 12, Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the County of Middlesex.—Monday, June 6, 1870. __---'- j MI , Ye l'eSt at 2 -1-0( tar c4l Cl steel I.•jt at