The Sun. — London, England, 1828-07-10 00:00:00

(erring to and receiving directions from the Office of Works. The enormous expense of the new Mint, and its excess beyond the estimate, which was no ticed in 1810, by the Committee on Public Income and Expenditure, in their seventh report; and the more recent example of the Custom-house s , render this regulation and the strictest adherence ,to it in dispensable. The new Mews, fronting the north side of West -minster Abbey, has beets erected at the expense of 35,2641., and the annual rents payable to the use of the public, as putt of the land revenue, will .amount only to about 3/: per cent. upon that sum. The rea sons for making the exterior more, ornamental an d costly than th e uses to which it is allotted require are Itsigned in the evidence of Mr. Arbuthnot and Mr. Burton. The Regent's Park presents a much better and more productive instance of management under' the same department; and it must afford to the House great satisfattion to know that the laying out and planting of that extensive ground, together with the buil`:;ings upon it, which do so much credit - to the l'Aste and judgment of Mr. Nash, will also soon be eome a very profitable addition to the Land Re venue, the annual rent being 15,0001. and the re• raining excess of expenditure beyond receipt being reduced to 70,0001. The improvements at and near Charing-cross and the Strand, under the Statute 7 Geo. IV., c. 77; are in progress, and by much the greatest portion of the property required for the purposes .of that. Act has been obtained. A considerable number of the old houses near St. Martin's Church has already been taken down, and new buildings will almost im mediately be commenced. in that neighbourhaod ; but some further purchases remain tn be effected, in regard to which the Commissioners are proceeding without delay. The particulars are detailed in Mr. Arbuthnot's evidence; together with an account of the sum al ready expended, and the estimated cost of the re mainder. While they are upon this subject, your Com mittee venture to express a wish that the present building of the Royal Mews at Charing-cross, the upper floor of which, being lighted by sky-lights, can, at a very small expence, be made available for a national gallery, or other public purposes, may be preserved; and this matter becomes more deserving of immediate consideration from the very limited space of the present house in Pall-mall, allotted to the reception► of pictures, which is now so crowded as to be incapable of admitting eveir one other pic-' ture of large dimensions. The unneCessarily large expence of 42,1471. lately incurred for building and furnishing an official resi dence for the Secretary of State in the Foreign De partment, leads your Committee to observe the im provident application of public money in this and other similar instances. There may be some few cases in which the constant and almost hourly busi ness of an office requires the residence of some officer attached to it; but this does not seem to apply to this new expenditure in Downing -street, nor to the residences in Somerset-place t nor to those belong ing to the Ordnance-office in Pall,mall. If such houses are considered as a part of the sa lary annexed to particelir oflices, the expence in curred by. the. peblie_very much exceeds the benefit received by the individuals; a. large annual charge is incurred for repairs; - die succession of almost every new occupant giViAoceasion for some addi tions or alterations; 'and in residences and offices where furniture and fixtures are also .provided, more unlimited field of extravagance is opened, of which the specimen of 9,3501. in this new house is Downing -street, and of 11,319/. in the new Council Office and the adjoining apartments, afford examples; the recurrence of vrhielt ought to be _avoided. The great charge incurred for furniture is so im mediately connected with the. official buildings, that your Committee thought it deserving of particular notice; and they found that the considerable amount to which it had arisen in some of the late years, had already attracted'the attention of the Lords of the Treasury, and that anew regulation has been made by them, printed in Mr. Spearman% evidence in the appendix,iwhich appears well calculated to check eit= - travagant charges on the part of the tradeStnen who are employed in furnishing, and . to .prevent all mis application or embezzlement of the. funiiture- in the public offices. The former mode of conducting this business in the department of the Lord Chamberlain was certainly defective in many respects, for there was no competition sought for, nor any comparison of charges from different tradesmen ; nor was any further examination of the bills entered into than that of ascertaining that the - several articles were • furnished according to the estimate, the estimate having been made by the tradesman himself. A small per centage fee was paid by each tradesman to two controlling officers in the Lard Chamberlain's office when his bill was paid; but this fee abolished since the sth April, 1828, under.the new regulation. The total sum paid in the last five years for fur niture, supplied and repaired for. the two Houses of Parliament, the Courts of Law at Westminster, and the various public offices and official houses hr Lon don and Westminster, was 142,3561. - The defects of the present system, under the Act of 1814, appear to be -Ist. Want of responsibility, • 2d. Want of competency to decide, 3d. Want of choice and-competition, Iron] which three- causes proceed the erection of buildings unsightly and unsatisfactory, much confu sion and variation both in the planning and exe cuting of them, and the expenditure of larger sums than are necessary. _ • Ist. The Surveyor-General, according to there sent constitution of that office, is solely the channel of communication between the Commissioners of his Majesty's Treasury and the architect : he exercises no judgment nor controul, nor gives any opinion as to the work to be done, or the mode of doing it ; confining himself to fixing prices, and making con tracts accordingly, and examining and checking the accounts after they have been made out by the clerks of the works, and the measurers belonging to the office. 2d. The Surveyor-General hying no duty to perform in judging of the propriety or sufficiency of the design or plan, that important business is im posed upon the Commissioners of the Treasury for the time being, who may not always be competent to decide upon such matters ; and although it may happen frequently that there are among them per sons eminently conversant with 'works of art, it may also happen that a very efficient Board of Treasury for all other and more important purposes may be unfit for this ; and in such a case the architect of the district, without any real controul or useful super vision, may plan and execute whatever is to be done. according to his own pleasure and discretion. 3d. No sullicient choice is afforded to the Board of Treasury, who are to judge and decide, for they have not even taken advantage of having three archi tects attached to the office and paid by it; nor does it appear that they have hitherto at all encouraged the competition of other professional men, or called fur any variety of designs. This last inconvenience may undoubtedly be ob viated (as has been before observed) without alter ing the Act of 1811 ; for the Board of Treasury may, if they think fit, require designs or slight sketches from each of the three architects, before any considerable work is undertaken ; and they may also increase their latitude of selection, by calling for designs from other professional men of known repu tation and ability. The appointment of a professional architect to the Office of Surveyor-General having been tried, and abandoned, is not again to be recommended, although it possesses the advantage of placing at the head of this department a responsible person, which the present method does not. So much will always -depend upon the qualifica tions of the persons who are placed at the head of any department, that it becomes extremely difficult to point out or contrive any regulations which can be confidently relied upon, under all circumstances; but your Committee venture to suggest, that a con siderable improvement may be effected in the exist ing system, without overturning, or remodelli ng, or even disturbing it to any great exienth and their recommendation upon the whole matter is.this : That no . public buildings should• be hereafter • erected nor any consid e r a bl e alterations in the struc ture of any of the'exiStiitg buildings be adopted, except upon: direetiOns -given by the Lards of the Treasury, and founded upon wninutes Ofthat Board; 'and that the plans and estimates for all such new buildings or alterations of eXisting buildings, should be 'Signed by "at least "Three Lords or the Treakify, and be preserved in' the - records-of that office. That a commission, consisting of ; tive persons, two of whom at least should be Privy Councillors, and holding'sorne responsible offices; should be appointed by his illajeaty'to act as a council without salary, tOadVise the Board of TreaSury upon all designs and . plans for . the erection at considerable alteration of, public buildings " That previously to the .dccision of the Board of Treasury on any. designs, plans, or estimates, to be signed and recorded_ by them as before suggested, the opinions and recommendations of this council for public buildings tobe so, appointed, should be laid in writing before the Board, and should be annexed to the plans_ and estimates approved of and recorded at the Treasury. . It will be seen by the reference to Lord Goderich's evidence, that some such assistant council as is here recommended would in his opinion be of great.service in enabling the Commissioners of the Treasury to judge and determine upon the designs for buildings which are laid before them. Your Committee cannot conclude this Report; in which they have deemed it necessary to offer so many observations concerning 'the unsatisfactory manner in which the erection of the public buildings is at present directed and superintended, without re commending to the immediate attention of his Ma jesty's Government the expediency of a revision of the existing regulations by which the conduct of that department is governed. • • There are many points in the evidence accom panying this Report, suggested by professional per sons of experience and judgment, which are deserv ing of consideration ; and it appears that some useful reforms might be introduced into the code of instruc tions now in force for the guidance of that office, if a careful inquiry were made into the subject. In suggesting that such an inquiry should be forth with inst►tuted, they desire to be understood as not intending to convey the imputation of any blame upon the officer now at the head of that department, of whose diligence, fidelity; and zeal in the execution of his duties, according to the existing instructions, they have -learned nothing in the course of their examination which could induce them to' entertain the slightest doubt. IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT. HOUSE OF LORDS, WEDNESDAY, Jui 9. The LOtigitude Acts -- itepeal - Bill, the New South Wales Bill, and the Constabulary (Ireland) Bill, were read a seeond - time aiid indeied to be committed to-mnoirow..;--Aijourned. PRCYI'ESt At/AIMIT•THE THIRD READING OF THE SCOTCH AND IRISH•SM ALL NOTES BILL. DissENTIENT.--Because, to a wealthy Jur& commercial state, encumbered with a great debt, a paper currency, measured by a metallic standard, is the safest as well as the Most advantageous.circulation. „ . . . It is the safest, becatise-in.times . of panic, or of adverse exchanges, a metallic currency is the first to disappear and the last to taint). It is the most advantageous, because, in a State so cir. cinustanced, an extended currency is an essential part of the machinery necessary for production ; and to compel the producer to use a more costly, - instead of a cheaper, circulation, in the same thing, - in effect is to prohibit-the -use of improved_maclainery in manufactures or husbandry. (Signed) FEKRERS. July:9. , . • • I , nthe (.;ARNARVON. PROTEST AGA INST - TH` -- E SECOI/ D READING OF THE - A SCOTCH AND IRISH SMALL NOTES BILL. Dissuvrtitice.—T. Because this Act will materially ab stract the necessary intercourse between the inhabitants of the English borders and the neighbouring market towns in Scotland. 2. Because it it a wanton extension of .our Penal Code, :.ilready overcharged, by which many will be injured, and nobody benefitted. (Signed) CARNARVON. - HOUSE OF COMMONS, JULY 9. There were only fifteen. Members present at four o'clock, and the SPEAKER adjourned the House. • THE BULL IN THE CHINA-SHOP. Veluti Dux Taurus.—. Scat. Thcb. 2, =3. Come list and bear, how I chana'd to pop On a sight most rare and strange to see;—. I saw a Bull in a China-shop, And an Irish Bull, to boot, was he. • Thinks I, "I'll stop and watch the sport ;" • For I felt, I own, a strong ambition To know how Bulls themselves comport When plac'd, as 'twere, in " a false position." And soon I saw, as he roll'd his eye, How the lovers of china felt alarm Though some bull-fanciers, standing by, Said, " Never you fear—he'll do no harm : " 'Tis a beast, uncommon just and fair, " And, though but little of crockery knowing, " Respects all that-'ere sort of ware " As much as any Bull that's going." Meanwhile, the animal stump'd about Wherever his hoof a footing found; Which is rather a ticklish thing, no doubt, Where cups arid saucers are lying around ; And nice little images there too lay Of Justice, Freedom, and such little matters, — Brittle affairs, that will soon give way, When the hoof of a Bull among them clatters. At first, old Taurus, shy of the ware, And only wondering how the devil he (Like the Doge in France got there, Treated the gimcracks rather civilly;— Merely amusing the mob and himself, • Now snuffing at one thing, now at another; , And tossing some delicate Rcmucti dell,' In spurt, from one of his horns to t'other. At length, however, the beast began To feel at home,—and I needn't say What ills await poor mortal man, When Bulls in China-shops " have their own Svay." First this went crash—then;smash went that, As the spunk of the noble brute increases ; A whiskof his tail laid Freedom flat, And his hoof knock'd Justice all to pieces. 'fill, 10, at length, 'twist tail and hoof, Such a deuce of a clatter round me broke, That, feeling I wasn't myself bull-proof, And, alarm'd for the fate of my bones—l woke Yes, woke,—for it's all hut a dream I've said-- I had gone to sleep on an indigestion, . -•- - • And bother'd my head, ere going to bed, • With W—n's Speech on the Catholic Question. *On fit voir acc Doge Versailles dans tout son eclat; tai demands ensuite cc qui I'avoit le plus frappe dan s ce lieu en. chante :—“c'est dx-m'y voir."- I Times. . INTERESTING To SPORTSMEN.—On th forenoon of Saturday last, while cutting hay in afield not a hundred miles from Cambusbarron, a mower laid .bare a partridge's nest, containing eighteen eggs.. Anticipating a sumptuous dinner of poached eggs, themower deposited the whole eighteen in his pocket, and hung up his Coat in the barn. While taking down his coat to go to dinner, his felloW mower remarked, " WILLIE, your pouch is surely fu' o" mice;" but conceive the epicure's disappointment and surprise, when, in place of eggs or mice, he found his .pocket full of partridge pouts. The whole eighteen were imme diately returned to the place near their nest, where parental affection brought their dam to their protection, and, iu twinkling, they were all safely gathered under her wings, while other ten minutes delay in being hatched, would have consigned them to the frying-pan. From the forwardness of the hay harvest this season, it is to be feared many fine covies will be destroyed, and not be so fortunate in making such hair-breadth escapes... Stirling Journal. MOLDAVIA AND WALLACHIA. The St. Petersbingische Zeitung _contains an ac count of these two provinces, which for so many years have been a kind of pays perdu to the rest of Europe, and Which for the readers of the St. Peters burgh papers tnust possess a peculiar degree of at traction at the present moment, when there appears -every probability of _their forming henceforth an in tegral portion of the Russian Empire. The Bayou Von,Zedlitz, the author of _the article alluded to, in the true: spirit - Of Getmanrcomposition, begins his account of tile two provinces, or, as they are, more -frequently called, Principalities, at theearliestperiod at which they are found to figure-hi history; namely at the time when, about 300 years before the Chris tian .era,. they were a, sort.of. Roman Botany nay, receiving, under the title of .Dacia Transalpine, the „very refuse of the prisons of the,capital - , and not un frequently the most illustrious citizens of the State, who at different times fell victims-.to political animo sity or Imperial oppression.. When Rome became the prey of barbarian hordes,. whom her ',wealth intl. AvelikneSs . alike tempted to plunder, Dada Transalpina was one of the first of the Roman provinces -the dominion of Which was -wrested from the. hands of the Imperial city ;..and -from that: period to the conquest of the Greek pire, by blahomet the Second, no annals whatever appeared- to . have been preserved of this portion of Europe. At the latter period a tribe was found in possession of the country, governed by a Prince of the name of Dragul, but whose dynasty expired in the person of his grandson and successor, who, at eighteen years of age, was cruelly murdered by an individual to whom he had extended the most pecu liar marks of personal favour. - At this moment the country was upon the point of becoming a subject of contention between the Porte and.a powerful neighbour, Matthias Corvinus, but the spirited inhabitants proceeded to the election of a new prince among themselves, and Stephen; surnamed the Warlike, was chosen. Disappointed of their expected prey, the Ottomans proceeded to snatch by force what they had failed in obtaining by intrigue; but Stephen proved worthy of the confi dence reposed in him by his countrymen ; for, though repeatedly defeated by Bajazet, he succeeded nevertheless eventually in driving back the invaders, and in maintaining the integrity of the country, the defence of which had been confided to his arms. It was the fate of Stephen, as it has been that Hof many distinguished-princes, to find in .his son a successor altogether unworthy of him ; for during the reign of Bogdan, the same people, who but a few years before had baffled the attempts of the most successful of Ottoman conquerors, submitted without a struggle to acknowledge themselves vassals of the Porte, and to the annual payment of a tribute,which, in proportion as the authority of the Sultan acquired the sanction of time, was very considerably encreased. For some time the Principalities continued in the undisturbed possession of the right of electing their own Princes; but this right they were also deprived of in the 16th century, since when it has been cus tomary for the Porte to name the two Hospodars from among the Boyards residing as hostages at Constantinople; and as the nomination to this dignity usually devolved either upon the Grand Vizier or upon the Reis Effendi, it became easy for a few of the most powerful families of Moldavia and Walla chia, to' exclude all others from the hope of ever mounting the feudatory throne. A few are indeed found in the list of the Hospodars, guished more by their talents and achievements than the Splendour of their families,. but these are only solitary exceptions to a general rule, and we shall seldom read in history of a Moldavian or Wal lachia!' Hospodar that was not a member of the fa-. milies of Cantacuzene, Cantimir, Duca, Bassaraba, Maurocordato, Ypsilanti, Sutzo, Karadsehe, Gika, or Sturdza. The family of Mautocardato descends from the . Court butcher of Amurath IV. This man, whose name was Skarlotas, accumulated immense wealth by speculations in cattle, and sent one of his grand sons to study medicine at Padua. This grandson, Alexander Maurocordato, became a celebrated phy sician at Constantinople, obtained the situation of Dolmetscher to the Porte, was afterwards sent Am bassador to Vienna, and on his return raised .to the rank of Mttharerni-Errar (Secretary of State).-;-- Whilst occupying this elevated station he succeeded in obtaining for two of his eons the liospodarsbips of Moldavia and Wallachia. The last peace between Turkey and Russia was purchased by the sacrifice of a. considerable portion of Moldavia, ceded by the former to the latter. In the territory thus ceded is situated Akjerman, the Oxia of Herodotus, the Julia Alba of the Romans, and the Czelata Alba, or the white city of the Mol davians, celebrated. in ancient times as the asylum of Ovid and more recently by th e conc lusion of a treaty, the. infraction of which is the ostensible mo tive for the , war - now waging . between Russia and the Porte. . Moldaviacoiitains, independently of that part of it ceded to Russia‘by the last treaty of peace, a surface of 576 geographical square miles ; Wallachia' 1,100. Taking, therefore, the surface of the whole of Euro pean Turkey at 9,300 geographical square miles, the two Principalities would form a sixth of the whale. But their population is far from being in proportion to their extelt, for of the ten millions supposed to constitute the population of the Euro pean dominions of the Porte, only about 890,000 inhabirithe Principalities, and the depopulation ap pears to exemplify in a striking manner the destruc tive policy of Turkish misrule, when we are told that the Wallachians and their descendants, who have at various times sought a refuge in Hungary and Transylvania, form at the present moment a po pulation of upwards of a million. In personal appearance the Wallachians are de scribed by the Baron Von Zedlitz as only a few de grees above savages, and bearing in their counte nance all the marks of the double slavery to which they are subjected, by the Porte and by the Hos podars. Their costume consists of a wide shirt or tunic, fastened round the waist by a leathern belt arid confined in full and long trowsers; a hatchet hangs from the belt in the place of a sword ; their feet are enveloped in sandals of untanned leather, and on the left shoulder hangs generally a sheep skin to supply the place of a cloak. These articles 'of costume are generally . prepared by the females of the family," upon whom, as with uncivilised tribes in - general,eVerym'enial•and'hiboriOns office devolves. The female costume, particularly the h ea d-dress, bears a strong resemblance to that of their Roman ancestors; a cap in the form of a diadem is some times worn; Which is made to mark the wealth of the owner by the' number of gold and silver coins suspended from it. The dwelling of the" peasant of Wallachia is a species of clay hut with a hole in the roof, to let out the smoke of a fire kindled in the middle of the floor, round which the family dispos e th emse l ves a s_ comfortably as they can, and round w hi ch they also generally take Hp - their quarters f ur the iiight. P .rheir food, as: may be easily supposed, - is not - o f a much more iluxurious character' than their abode. Tai speaking of Wallachia; it would be gypsie s ; w h o have 'tong made this province' their head-quar ters,-andprincipal.wrong to pass unnoticed the fromwhich they continu a lly s end part i es d l i v ff h e ich partsrent o le ymaintain in f ore ig n lands. Every of Europe, t o recruit the .garri sons attemit to civilize. them and make them usefal citi zens haS been tried in vain.. The commerce of the country is almost exclusively in the hands of the JeWs- and Armenians, who are generally in posies ,. 'skin of the fine herds of oxen and horses, of which * The MoldaVians preserve many traditions respecting Ovid, and recite many poems in the Moldavian language, which they maintain were written by him. There is a lake called after him, Lacul Ovidului. One tradition says, « there came a singular kind of man from the banks of the Tiber, to the banks of the Danube; he was graceful as a child and affectionate as a father ; he was often melancholy, spoke to himself, and wept much ; but when he addressed a Moldavian, his voice sounded lovely, awl honey seemed to fl(IW limo hie lips." it is e s itimated that upwards 0f . 30,000 are annually exported from Moldavia alone. The Baron Von Zedlitz proceeds, after making some observations upon the Armenians, the descend ants of the ancient Parthians, to give some account of the Boyards, properly speaking the nobility of the country. The character of these has been in a great measure influenced by the connection between the country and the Porte. To acquire a knowledge of those languages most_ generally spoken by the na tions holding diplomatic intercourse with the Divan, wasformerly the Only road to greatness open to the young nobles of the *Principalities,. inasmuch as it qualified- them= to fill the situations of interpreters, and by that means obtain the favour of 'the Sultan or of the great Ministers a State, by whose assist ance' there was a hope of obtaining, if not the dig nity of Hospoddr, at least some other lucrative or honourable employment. Their, dress is . usually ex tremely CoStly; niany' of the Boyards;it is said, will sometimes have.clothes to the value of 4,000 rubles .(about 1660 on them at -a ,time, and this without including jewellery. The usual costume consists of a red fur cap lined with sable, a white fur-- cap or, a turban being worn only by princes ; under this is a red skull-cap (Ca lotte), which is never taken off,'andlcinder which aia eollected the few locks that the razor has spared. A shirt of white silk and lorig . red trousers, with a long robe generally called a Turkish vest, and an Indian shawl tied round the waist, are the. usual summer dress, over which 'in winter ample pelisses 'of sable and other rich airs are worn. Short - boots or slippers of yellow Morocco cover their feet ;' the latter are always pulled off upon entering a room.. where there is a carpet;- the consequence of which custom is,.that when the grandees hold levees, whole rows of these slippers are ranged in symmetrical order round the antichamber, which to a stranger has a most ludicrous effect; The wardrobe of their ladies is no less costly than that of the &lards.. In the priticipal,towns there is no want of amuse lima; they have cassinos reunions"; twice a week there are assemblies at the houses of the Hospodars, and since 1818 a German theatre has been established at Bucharest, which, although few of the Boyares know anything. of the language, is extremely well supported. The est a bli s h men t fan Italian Opera is also projected. The houses of the nobles are extremely simple, seldom more than one story high, and yet, though hospitality can certainly not be counted among their virtues, their household expellees are generally very great. The want of order in their domestic ar rangements, the mistress of the house never interfer ing, is probably the principal cause of ,this. A host of useless • servants also contributes much to their ruinous expenditure. They have no regular hours for meals, the time of which is usually regulated by the appetite or the caprice of the lord of the mansion ; their dishes, of which there are never less than twenty put upon the table at a time, are usually excellent, and pre pared according to the Turkish fashion : the yag hourth; the caimac, and the pilaf' must never be ab sent. The fasts are, however, observed with scru - • pulous severity by high and low, and during the principal ones, which occur 'immediately before . ti.aster and Whitsuntide, vegetables boiled in water are alone served up. The Princes of Moldavia and Wallachia, who for merly enjoyed yet greater privileges, are Pachas of three tails, and in point of rank stand upon the same footing as the Viceroy of Bagdad. M. Ritzo, the author of Histoire de la Grece depth la chute de l'Empire d'Orient, and who, as he informs us, occupied formerly a confi dential situation under the local Government, asserts that the Princes of Greek origin, - of whom Nicholas Maurocordato was the first, have con tributed much to the diffusion of civilization and 'canting, and, by the abolition of feudal slavery, have greatly improved the-situation of the mass of the population. The Baron Von Zedlitz, on the con trary, 'seems to incline to the opinion that this ame lioration. has not really taken place, and when we recollect that the Ilospodars lived in constant dread of the silken cord, it is scarcely to be wondered at that the care of their own preservation occupied more of their. attention, than- the happiness and welfare of their subjects. The Baron concludes . his obser vations .by a brief notice of sonic of - the principal towns.. Jassy, the capital of Moldavia, is situated on the left bank of the Bachlui, and at no great distance from the right bank of the Mitok, two streams tribu tary to the Danube; the town is built on the southern side of a gentle ascent; but is render d unhealthy by the exhalations from the marshy banks of the two streams. In the year 1817, nine-tenths of the houses were 'still of wood, and a few palaces, and particularly the extensive one of the Hoipodar, only serve to make 'the appearance, of the miserable huts that surround them contrast the more painfully to the eye of a stranger. The streets are not paved, but laid with boards. The citadel Tchetazuja is not calculated to inspire much respect, being built in defiance of .all the rules of. fortification, and com manded by several neighbouring heights. The po pulation was formerly upwards of 50,000, but the different wars by which the neighbourhood has been devastated, and - probably in no small degree the gene= ral misgovernment of the country, have reduced that population to about, 20,000. The churches and monasteries are in number 70, surrounded generally by high walls, which give them the appearance ra ther of prisons or fortresses, than, of temples for Divine worship. Otte only, of these .is Catholic. There is also au Evangelical Meeting-house, the ap• pearance of Nshieh is extremely m ea n. sissy has four several times .been taken by the Russians, and twice 14 the Austrians. .• • Boruchani is, after Jassy, the principal place of trade in Moldavia, and one of the chief connecting links of German commerce with the East. Frank fort and Leipzic carry on a brisk trade with this place,- the chief articles being colonial goods, Saxon manufactures, Silesian linens, Flemish cloths, Rus sian furs, wax, and tobacco. Gallacz, the ancient Aneyra Galatium, which was destroyed by the Turks on the Bth of May last, is important as a military position, and being, consi dered next to Brailow to possess the best harbour on the Danube, is not without importance in a com mercial point of view. Bucharest, the capital of Wallachia;_cOntains more than - thee times the population of Jassy, and, as it includes a- number of gardens and orchards, occu pies a yet greater space than its populatioh would lead us to expect. The appearance on approaching it is extremely impressive, on account of its many churches, cloisters, and spires; but upon entering it' the expectations of the traveller are grievously dis appointed. In 1802 this town was almost entirely destroyed by an earthquake, but it has found it easier, to, recover : from the effects of the convulsions of nature than from those of :politics. The best neap of Moldavia is one in six sheets, by General Bauer, .QuarteOlaster-General in the Austrian service, and in the writings of that officer much information respecting the.. Principalities is to be found. We have much pleasure in stating that his. Grace the Duke of NORTHUMBERLAND has handsomely subscribed 5001. for debentures in aid of the great work of the Thames. Tunnel. The. Rampart of Trajan, from which the re port commun icate d b y the Preuss i sc h e S taa t sze it ung i s dated, is one of the several monuments which still exist of the famous expedition of TRATAN, in the year 101, which gained him the surname of DAczcus. There is, among others, a-plate called , Porta Trajani (Derbent-Kapu in in a mountain pa ss , t o th e e ast of the city of Sophi a . Turkish), c ons i st i ng of an arc h sup p o rt e d by t wo co l umns There is also a small city called by his name, Trajanopoli, in the district of Gallipoli. The city of Babadagh, from which the late bulletin was dated, has also some historical celebrity. It was built by Sultan BAJAZET 1., who drew Tartar Colonies to the neighbourhood; the name of the place is derived from a Turkish Saint. Babadagh used to be made the head-quarters in the wars of the Powrs with Russia. It is a place of 10,000 inhabitants, situated on low marshy ground between mountains; it has a high echool, and five pienues,.aamitary4 Beportcr. CLARE ELECTION. (Concluded from our Paper of yesterday.) After Mr. Q"CoNNELL had concluded, Mr. FITZGERALD rose amidst. loud acclamations ; and spoke as follows :—lf, Sir, it were only for the manner in which the freeholder.s. have now received me, I should have much to thank them for—but I have much to acknowledge-1 have to acknow ledge the services of mx many friends—their con stant and invaluable attachment, and the generous and persevering support which, under circumstances of a peculiar and extraordinary nature, they have shown to my cause.—(Cheerso—+To them, collec tively and individually, I wish, in the . first place, to offer my grateful and sincere acknowledgments.= (Loud cheers.)lii whatever disposition, Sir,'l en tered this Court, with whatever recollections of what passed on the last day that I addressed you in this place, still * the manner in which _the Learned Gentleman has day addresSed* you, - and the tone of his speech,* have left me no wish to -advert to what passed on a previous occasion.' I can assure you no circumstance ofit shall be touched upon by me now; and I will even add that if I thought the resultof this election, whatever I - may deem of its character, were likely to have the effect of forwarding, as he believes it likely, to do, the cause to which I have been sincerelyattached ; if I could persuade myself that. this election and this re turn would lead to its final settlement, twould gladly sink in oblivion every thought of personatinterest or feeling--even should a shade of either rise within me, still less .would I embitter the triumph of those principles, and of that question, which I have stea dily, and as I hope it will.be admitted, honestly ad , vomited. I wilt not, recur, Sir, to . the.legalyoints which have been adverted to, nor• to any of the questions which have been' raised on the subject of. Mr. O'Connell's eligibility; of the validity of these points it is not for me to judge; they must:go. be fore a higher tribunal than your's. The Learned Gentleman cannot complain, if, feeling what I owe to myself and to the county, I: am guided by my legal advisers in pressing these points to a decision. The county indeed would have a right to complain of me if I did not.—(Cheers.) While I declare so much, however, let ma add, that if the case permits it, there is no man 'who would see under ordinary cir cumstances with more intense satisfaction than I should the Catholic representatives of Ireland in the House of Comintins.—(Cheers.) It is for this I have contended, and if accomplished in a constitutio nal manner; not even those who have opposed me most could feel more satisfaction than Ishould.-- s (Cheera.) Upon the law of the case I have said that - I am alto gether incompetent to form a jodgniettt. A prote;st has been entered by the freeholders against-Mr. O'Connell's return ; but I will add here, that • the same spirit which actuated me at the commeneenient of the contest has governed my conduct to the very last. At the outset I stated, that I should take no objection to Mr. O'Connell on the ground of his re ligion. In accordance with ,that declaration I re . frained, though advised to do so,- from entering any protest against his nomination. In the first place I am not prepared to say, that, as a Roman Catholie;- he is &eligible (the capacity of sitting and voting is another question); and even had I thought Mr. O'C. incompetent to be elected, I must own I could not bring myself to object to any man being elected on the score of his religion. - ---(Cheers.)—No man can expect me, if any ulterior proceeding is had, to give up. the claims which my, excellent and invalu- able friends have put forward on my behalf. • If, Sir, my own personal interest only were at. stake, I.! might easily be induced to relinquish any honour. In this instance, however, a great public principle is•to be maintained—but in maintaining that principle I beg to assure the Learned Gentleman that' I shall not take any ungenerous advantage.—(Cheers.)--If he should be proved to be ineligible:A t r i Sit in par liament, he cannot blame me for Chinning to repre-' sent again a county for which I have had ,the ho nour of being so often chosen.—(Cheers.) ss A i shall not here allude to the peculiar circutustanceaunder which this contest was commenced, antit has now been brought to a close—circumstances which it, is in vain to , suppose must not- be at tended with great results. For them I . am , not responsible; and if I do not touch upon topics which 'must generate unpleasant feelings, and expressions as unpleasant also,' it is because I have determined on saying nothing that,cati irritate, nothing that can inflame, minds already, excited; and whateser may have been the character of this contest, .whatever' the means that may have been used, or -the nattire of the influence that.lias been excited •against me, I will reserve them for another place, adding only this, that if those circumstances lead to a settlement, that is as anxiously wished by me as ,by any mull Who hears me, I shall not complain, nes-drop one word of regret that might be ascribed to - my present disappointment. Sit,' in 'thin abstaining - in this . place from adverting to these topics, I tens(' that those proved and tried friends .Who stand_ — deound me will forgive me. I will not add to. our,present state of excitement, nor fan the flame which has been lighted in this county. It is my. duty, and the duty of us all, to endeavour to allay it. The Hon. Gentleman has returned thanks to those who raised him to the situation which •he holds on the poll. I have to return mine to those distinguished sup porters who tinder* no circumstances could be indu ced to abandon me. To those attached friends—. friends such as no defeated candidate ever before boasted the support of, and few successful candi dates ever had the honour of counting amongst. his- advocates—to those friends I return my most grateful and heartfelt thanks. If .I have, Sir, been defeated, I have the satisfaction ' . of• knowing that I • have notnote lost a friend—;- - (Cheers)-fcit; .amongst my supporters are to be found the gentry of the county, men who constitute the society of the country, and who adorn, by their characters the sphere' in which they move. I detract not from any other class of voters, from whoin I have on for Mer occasions re ceived support. .TO yeti, Sir, or the impartiality and urbanity with . which you have presided, my thanks are due. To your Learned Assessor, also, who had su c h ar d uous duties. to•perforts, and to both my Learned Counsel, I- have to offer- my acknow ledgments. I wish now, Sir, to be permitted to advert to two points, and it is for the purpose of an exploitation which I ought to . have offered on Monday last in this place, 'and with respect to Which I have been misrepresented. I do so': the rather because I can now have no electioneering views, and . I can have no motive imputed, Isnt a desire to set myself right with my late constituents.— (Hear.)--I am accused of having voted for the di minution of the annual grant to , the College of Maynooth. - So far is that from being the fact, that I was the Individual who proposed an augmentation of that grant. One of my first acts as Chancellor of the Exchequer was to propose and carry - through the House of CoMmons an increased vote for that establishment, and an extension of the accommoda-. tion and. the numbers it contained ; and I had the pleasure of receiving, on that occasion, the • thanks of the Trustees, and of those who - , pre sided over the Institution. The- Other point, Sir, refers to my name bein g coup led w i t h t h e prese rip tion which has arisen, as it is said f rom at tempting to . enf orce a sYstem of education, n ot in accordance w i t h the faith of the majority of the people, and the religious instruction to which their Clergy adhere. My name was unfairly connected with those of. whom I knew nothing. I pronounce not on their conduct, but I claim for every One the. toleration' whi c h I exten d to others: From this bench, on a for me r occas ion, I expressed my opinion ntrikt v o a r s in favour of a genera l s y s tem of education, and in thi s town that prin. gest, e t t l o t e the he earliest, schools a ciple. The very last duty I discharged in -Parlia ment was, to serve on the Co m mittee named by 'an honourable and distinguished friend, the Memb e r for Limerick, to consider of the reports made by the • Education Commissioners. With him I c o n curr ed established t a i believesh ed on the largest, in the resolutions on which the last report was founded, and I shared with Mr. Rice. in that' re- port, which was applauded by those who, on this subject, also, were net informed of the coursewhich I had held.—(Cheers.)—There is one other point on which.l,find I was misunderstood. , A-have seen .in a report of What. I said, that words are-attributed to me which I did 'not use. lam represented to tave said that I had a communication with a Noble Lord, who had introduced the Bill in favour of the Dis senters. I never had the honedr of any communica tion with that Noble Lord on any subject. My state. ment referred to another occasion, on the presentation of a petition by, I tnink, Mr. Smith, of Norwich. One other point to which I would refer ia:the oath, to which the Learned Gentleman. has alluded again in his speech. I grieve that such an oath should 'be Prescribed: It is not the first time that I h a ve taken an opportunity of marking my disapprobation of, 'and my repugnance to take it. Descended as" am from' a Catholic family, - and allied by blood to 'Catholics', can I feel otherwise -when called on to stigmatize their faith ? Let the preposition be made by the Learned Gentleman, if he establishes hisleat, Or let it be made by any other,' and there is not a man who Will second its -repeal more heartily than I shall. -- (Lond'eheers.)---A s to the Treaty of Lime rick, if I have not taken the same view of it which Mr. O'Connell, in the allusion which he made - has taken, it 'is because I maintain the justice of Catholic privileges on higher grounds than any stipulations can' supply, on grounds more sacred than any treaty, more-inviolable than any compact, to be found either in the Treaty Of" Limerick or in the Act of Union , To the latter, too,.the Hon. Gentleman has referred telling you that he' would - propose its repeal. Igo not along with him in that respect, but since lie has alluded to it, I may 'claim, as with regard to the Treaty' of Limerick, some hereditary right to, speak. YOu'haVe not forgotten the conduct of one who re• sisted it to the last; unseduced and inflexible, and that in times when too many were either enticed or seduced—of one who in the Parliament of Ireland led the way in advocating the cause of his Catholic countrymen, Whatever act was in defence of their arid our rights : whose first act was to give a people to the Constitution—whose last act was to endeavour to preserve a Constitution to the people I (Loud cheering.) Sir, I am not called en to consume more of your time, and not being called on I feel I ought not to trespass further upon it. To those who have honoured me with their support, to the Gentlemen who stand around me particularly, I again offer my most grateful thanks. Whether again I may represent this county, or fill any other seat, believe me that when the general interests of , the country, or yours more particularly, are brought un• der the consideration of Parliament, I shall be found at my pest-(Cheers)—l shall be happy - and proud to serve you "with the same solicitude and. the same fidelity as when I bank the honour to be your Representative and your servant. (The Right Hon , Gentleman , sat down amidst loud 'cheers.) Sir EDWARD O'BRIEN—I rise, Mr. Sheriff, under feelings of great pain at a moment like the present, when a contest such as this has proved has-drawn to a close. I •canse forward here, Sir, on the first day of this election,, not for the purpose of obtruding my personal opinions upon the electors, but I came for ward selected by the gentry of this county to express their opinion —their unanimous opinion, of the gen' denial), who, notwithstanding the support he re' ceived, has been defeated, and defeated by a stranger' Sir, I cannot 'altogether pass over the manner i 0 which the triumph of my Right Hon. Friend's ad' versary was achiefed. It was 'achieved, Sir, by severing ties which heretofore did, and ever ougb s tO bind the tenant to his landlord. Whatever the results may- be, which-mast grow out of this state of things, let those who brought it about,be an' swerable—upon their heads be it. Sir, I came for' ward, to give my Right Hon. Friend.my support, because I did believe, and do believe, that he is so honest and zealous supporter of the claims of my Ro' man Catholic countrymen, and under this conviction I own I do feel no trifling degree of vexation at: find' ing the Roman- Catholic Clergy and Laity exerting everrnervei --- and exerting it effectually, tO oust reY Rt. Hon. Friend frolii the representation of the count,' All 'the kindlier feelings of our nature have been rent asunder in this contest, and_. let those bear the blame The niht o N ti % s Lh ge o aiGy s te e eike e di i x .lgnthe e i i gl t ;a i r o eiti z ata is hleain i ns t tfil) h uee as estnuecc b ela e le n d o t w o i t n h g e . iw ei l i s t p o d t f a s and :indeed do still :hope, to see those talents he Eised in behalf of nis country. In this contest Mr' had s s h o e e p x s e 6 l Fitzgerald has been as nothing; the individual ms. has beenfoigotten, as well as the benefits he coil: ferred upon his country; all energies, were directed ; to oust him whose only crime was his having obey& the call of his Sovereign, and we have now lost Lb' ablest, the most zealous, and in my mind one of tb 6 niost efficient Representatives that Ireland:Ever sell' to the councils of the .tktiou, 7 —(Loud cheers.) Mr. Wilson, Mr. :O'Gorman Mahon, Mr. SteelC and Mr. Spiel followed. These Gentlemen all borl teStithonSY to the private worth of Mr. Fitzgerald. and regretted that he should have' been-the victitf through whose person the Wellington Administre tion was to be assailed. Well, said Mr. Sasso,, may Mr.. Fitzgerald that he has not lost a friend during this contest. De has not, Sir, - be never could lose a friend that b e once, possessed, but he has done more thammerell, keep his f r i en d s , b e h as ap p ease d an enemy .. (Log' cheers.) I have spoken of him elsewhere perhO tauntingly, and I now offer him an apology for havil so done. The victory, Sir, we have obtained, is ltd, over Mr. Fitzgerald, but over the party with whey he has become. connected, and from whom, perhapshe found it impossible to dissever himself. TO ; party is a powerful one, but the more powerful it' _the greater is our victory.- Here-the organization ( . 1 the people is complete: I will admit that it is dreadA (Cheers.) It is d re adf u l, I a dthi t, to behold ::0,011`;, men so discipli ne d, so O r g an i se d-,- an d w h at , I wolol ask, are t he conc l us i ons to b e d rawn f rom ' t hi s st et of things ?, May God grant that these events which I have not glanced, but whose coming eth, their shadowabefore—may God, say, avert fro' , my country such a fate as I dare scarcely think te e —may our rulers. interAe and put an cad to t/ • political miracle which the last week presented .: and thereby restore the country to p er m anen t try quillity. (Loud cheers.) The . High 'Sheriff then shook hands with til t ' O'Connell, and :congrattlited him upon being r e ' e , turned. Three cheers were then given for the stl e cessful candid a t e , an d three for the late Represes, ative ; after Whi c h t h e vast concourse of pereo ll ; separated, and at eleven o'clock the streets were le e • quiet as if not hi ng had occurred duri ng t h e weelt, t i disturb the existed pre v i ou sly to tY vommeneenient of the: election, , (From a Catholic Correspondent of the Morning Herala': DUBLIN, MONDAY EVENING. --The election close',. w i t h o ut a single breach of th e p eace . The rer e i l e l senta tion of Ireland is no w d ec id e dl y i n t h e h an ds O j . the Association. Another Catholic will be start e w present for the county of Galway th e mo m e nt Mr. Daly, t,,m Some mention th e name of S hi c i , b ut the genel fehl of Member, the leading ou t hi s p at ent of Peerar. : leans toward s t h e nom i nat i on o f a C at h o li c residehil eding members of the Associati ° l of the county, Mr. French, Mr. Bellew; or Sir Jol Burke, a ll of whom are men of considerable fort ', and influence. The funds of the Association l ' f , r greatly increased by the excitement of the.Clg v ; electio n . Th e su b scr iptions must leave a 'surr i a beyond the expenses of between 2,0001. ate :3,0001. The Catholics arc quite indignant '.'fi t , the Whigs. They look upon them as a spir v , less, good-for-nothing party. Never, say: th,c;r g was there a better opportunity offered of-- giv u l d ) the present Administration a fatal blow tLi . „ the Meeting at the Crown and Anchor Taver ° *. t , If the leading members of that party "o f tended that Meeting, and threw the their names arid subscriptions into the stw e ' would have raised an invincible opposition t° tv , present Ministry. But they wanted moral c? ° iT ra hf i and let the b a ll s li p t h roug h t h e i r h an ds. le d were Lord Holland, the Marquis of Lansdowne , Six F. Burdett Such is the language of the v fholics. Ilion that the 41st o The words incapable louse of shall be dis, or sitting these word Parson s h, an d Inca al t he o at h s. bY'the orn Of cow victory has scribe the arranged tl Phal entry greatest ha abandoned. ix......_ ~..2.,___, s making_t L to t il mE d ß s i p.. c .i. Hell. A tri Where the stone marl century has P reent an ' s ........_...........1••■•••• --...............-- ~ PRICES .ank gt k 1) „. 13 c , Cent. lie il i Per Cent. Col , Per Cent ' ° ttn ff,x-t .. Cent. Ne ~. tto, ?ank L. Ann India Stock Ann. .. PRICES „_'' 4 lk Stock ... %Alf] Gov. Stock rer 3 1 , P Per Cent.'.... ,- ` 7 2•• Deb. 3X •• ,, Yal Canal Si Grand Canal Ctty Deb. 4 Pe ildllast Office Riau w Morning... r 'Or THURE We hav proceeding understood Ennis, he I Will be sj tens. It tiou to take Ineuti him The Ga, The moo/ bur Goverin t he same tir eommons is Per and a re] 4e the dr i t be carne 4 tive assura 141 tra pat r i a be placed dutie there, like hay. We deed should midst of ti °he day the the Master (Portuguese The Jour tains the fo Greece I have receiv ,44 tAd 2d of Ju Per s ina to visit