The Sun. — London, England, 1841-12-20 00:00:00

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' ' ' ' - '• , '' 41111 Li ~, 2 1., l i ' 0 , ' - 44:.,1„ - _- 'll l ..;„ ~, . , , DI ..,T,Z -- : _ ' 9 111,11 0, 1 4 7 ila ,,, IS. A R T.. - " MORNIINM SET MORNING SIJN. r im EAST INDIA HOUSE, Due. 15, 1841. jr l2 COURT of - DI RECTO R S of thc T 1 EAST BI' , IA COMPANY do hereby give Notice , le at a PROPRIETOR of EAST INDIA STOCK has . q„eaotice, that at the QUARTERLY GENERAL COURT h° Le said COMPANY, appointed to be held at their flouse ad enhall-street, on WEDNESOAY, the 22d Instant, he.will 11 ' , .!! tine tol?o,iing Motion, viz.:— hi _ that thi s Court do fully concur i n the v i ew ta k en o f Cap ' C harretie's Case by the Court of Directors." JAMES C. MELVILL, Secretary. pretension to superiority over all other nations regulate". • their intercourse with foreigners. To the Greeks and Romans of antiquity, the • err x istence of the Chinese nation was unknoxii rst notice of them received by the Europeans iddle ages, was from the Venetian Marco Polo in the 13th century. When the Portuguese, 200 years later, found the way round the Cape of Good Hope to India, they soon pushed forward' their navigation and their enter prise along the whole coast of China. They were allowed to trade for several years at various ports ; but abusing this privilege and their navigating power, they were soon excluded from all access to the empire. A few years later the coast was infested by pirates. One of these, named Tchang-si-100, obtained possession of the island of Macao there held the whole coast in a state of LONDON, MONDAY, DECEMBER 20, 1841. No 15,,;ijd PRICE 5d _______ • NpTicE TO MARINERS. CHANGE 11 OF PILOT STATION FROM THE _ 00GHLY. 4 41 ; 41 '6 is h ere b y g i ven , th a t re f err i ng t o the impracticability 1. ,!g the last south-west monsoon, owing to the increasing of shipping to the port of Calcutta,. to supply pilots at ta t s n ' t ' s dant station off Point Palmyras, the following arrange . I„ *at be adopted for the next S. doffn 16 - ho ''' A pilot vessel will be statione False Point during tith — e xt c , B •W. monpoon—say frntit . the 15th of March to the s.4 l ,,?eptember, 1842, heaving , ' according to cir3unsstandes 14f, t ,t 1 -• a S.E. by S. from the Lighthouse, and in from 10 to % cans . deep of water.. .1 1 4, This vessel will exhibit b 3 day, when any others are in ir 4 ! , beside s the usual Company's ensign at her peak, a large rsa st l J ack (red, with white cross) at her maintop-gallant besi head, and at night...a. good light in the same . situation, des ourning a blue light every hour, and beating a gong ft e r v atlY in calm thick weather, to warn vessels coming 1 1 ;7 me southward of her near neighbourhood - she will not, etel ev ev, have an 3 pilots on board, the main object of her in ° station off - False Point being to guard all inward-bownd dt r i h from proceeding to the old station off Point Palmyt's iig the next season, and directing them to a new one in West th Channel, between the tails of the astern and zte ro Reefs; where pilot-vessels will then be found in from t out 'n to t w e nty fathoms' water, and from six to eight miles h.-west of the present South Channel Buoy, that buoy 41 lat. 20 deg. .58 min. 20 sec. North ; lon. 85 deg. ad st n East of Greenwich, and in twelve fathoms' water. St tio For the purpose of more distinctly marking• the new the Commanding-officer's vessel there will wear by (ii. When other vessels are in sight, a large St. George's Jack widestrei, with red cross) at her maintop gallant-mast head, be usual Company's colours at her peak • and at night be lighrgoished by a constant good mast - head light, by blue an d maroons used alternately every half hour, and also 4, ;-°, fired ,every four hours, say at 8, P.M. midnight, and with good rockets - discharged at the same time. tor s ,i ii All vessels are recommended , to be most careful in 4tt erd• R over from False Point to the INew station—by constant tid e I. ° ll to the lead, and thereby correcting their steerage, as or eo t , r rrents may, or may not, set them out of their proper ‘ and they are also advised notto come under 16 fathoms li seit ot, especially till they reach the Pilot Station and get sth ' Pilots on board. Pil ot Lastly—All vessels are directed not fly approach the by ih 'tation at night without giving due warning, and not only L td e xhibition of lights, say two vertical, where best seen, 5 5 a l so ),: by the discharge of a gun, if they have any on board, tp s f as they descry the first Pilot vessel near them. They . conis!rther recommended to be most careful not to . come into oh 'no with any of the Pilot vessels at the Station on their tielci r tee 'unts no less than that of the public , as th e y will be payf o "Ponsible for all damages, and called upon afterward! tos to i l; all that ma have arisen from bad look out, inattention tY, or careless y ness of any kind whatever. 4tt JAMES C. MELVILL, Secretary . is House, London, 15th December, 1841. lON .L LOAN FUND SOCIETY FOR GRANTING LIFE ASSURANCES, DEFERRED ANNUITIES, &c. No. 2ti, CORNHILL. Ctpital £500,000. Empowered by Special Act of Parliament. DIRECTORS. OYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITU-. La/ TION, REGENT-STREET.—MORNINGS and' EVENINGS except SA', URDAY EVENINGS. The DISSOLVING VIEWS, including the FIRE of the TOWER of LONDON, with the Military Signa's. New and varied LECTURES during the CHRISTMAS lIOLI DAYL, will he adapted to tke taste of the Juvenile Visitors: The DISSOLVING ORRERY, MICROSCOPE, DIVING BELL, DIVER. Among the 2,000 Works of emineht , Art, Science, and Ingenuity, is a MODEL of NOAH'S ARK, the comparative proportions of which correspond with those of the present first class steamers. A VIEW of CANTON, by a CHINESE ARTIST. The remarkable MODEL 'of .the UNDERCLIFF, of the Isle of Wight, and various COSMO RAMIC PICTURES, are added to the Evening Exhibition. . . MEETING OF MERCHANTS, MA NUFACTURERS, AND OTHERS. Four or five in a family send for half an oat-cake, worth one half-penny, with bits and scraps of bacon, worth a half-penny or a penny more. Meal sells most in quan tities of one pound each. ()Ay sells half as much cheese as formerly, and of a lower quality. At breakfast and dinner hours many come in for a halfpenny or a penny worth of bread. Debts cannot be collected. Knows that many of his customers are short of food ; hears many a curse as the destitute part with their last coin for half a meal for themselves and their children. Wishes Sir IL Peel might stand in his shop for one day, and will gladly let any gentleman do 'so who doubts any part of this statement. BUTCHERS, SHINNERS, AND TANNERS—Estimate that four years ago 180 beasts were killed weekly in the pa rish of P >ciiLt ; now not more than 65 to 70 are killed. Sheep and pigs much fewer. Poor pieces eagerly bought ; good joints difficult of sale. Customers buy a pennyworth or two-pennyworth of bits of suet or steak. Cannot buy more. The condition of the population very much worse than four years ago. DISPENSARY.—The reports of the Dispensary exhibit a very set ions increase of the number of applicants for medical assistance. In 1835 the applicants were 1,809, and in 1840 nut less than 2,444. The • Good Samaritan Society exhibited the same symptoms of distress. In the three years ending 1837, the numbers relieved were 607, 'while in the three years ending 1840 they had in creased to 983, aml the increase of expenditure in 1841 over that of 1835, was 1,3221., or 115 per cent. 'The Poor-rates in Scotland township in 1835 were, 4,6381., while in 1840 they amounted to 6,3321. The committals by the Magistrates had increased in the three dear years, as compared with the three cheap years, by '502 cases, or 67 per cent. . Whalley (in which it Robert Peel draws rents to the amount of 2,0001. a year. and has given 201, for the re lief of .the:poor),, from Glossop, Hyde, Mossley, Bitry, and Legh, all of which contain the same melancholy de tails of suffering _and want. The following resolutioni, unanimously agreed to, sum up the whole : Mr. BRIGHT, of Rochdale, moved-L. That the districts of which Manchester is the centre, engaged in various branches of-the cotton trade and its dependencies, is suffering under a general depression, the duration of which has no parallel in the history of - Lancashire. That it is in evidence before this meeting that the condition of the surrounding population ; both employer and operative, is greatly deteriorated ; and that fixed capital, such as buildings, machinery, &c., has depreciated in value nearly one-half i since 1836 ; that capitalists, as a body, have long since ceased to obtain a profitable return for their investments ; that bankruptcy and insolvency have alarmingly increased ; that the shopkeepers have ' suffered correSponding reverses ; that the reward of labbur has been generally diminished ' • that great numbers of skilful and de serving workmen are either wholly or partially unem ployed ; that pauperism has-rapidly augmented ; and that.disease, crime, and mortality have made fearful in roads amongst the poorer classes of the community. That all those evils are experienced at the present mo ment with unmitigated severity ; and that there is no visible prospect of any amelioration of the distresses of this great community." Mr. JOHN BRooKs seconded the resolution, and it was carried without a dissentient voice. blockade, and besieged Canton, itself destitute of all naval po7er... The mandarins of the Celestial Empire were Obliged to have recourse to those very Poringuese to defend and deliver their country from the depredation of a single bold and desperate pirate. They sent from lancam, where they had a trading establishment, an ex pedition which raised the siege of Canton, and drove Tchang-si•loo back to Macao, where, to escape from the fate which awaited hiva had he fallen into the hands of T. L A MIE HURRAY,Esci. , Chairmin. J. Elliotson, M.D., F. R. S. I John Rawson, Esq. John Griffith Frith, Esq. John Riddle Stodart, Esq. Hunter Gordon, Esq. Clement Tabor, Esq. George Lungley, Es. Joseph Thompson, Esq. UDITORS. Professor Wheatstone, F. R. S. I Professor Graves, A.M. F.R.S. ACT RY—W. S. R. Woolhouse, Esq., F. PHYSICIAN—J. Elliotson, M.D., F. R. S. SURGEON—E. S. Symes, Esq. SOLICITORS—Messrs. Sweet, Suttgm, Ewens, and Omman ney, 6, Basinghall-street. BANKERS—Messrs. Glyn, Halifax, Mills, and Co. his pursuers, he died by his own hands. In reward for this service the Emperor of China gave to the Portuguese the island of Macao, which they hold to this day, and from which station they and the other navigating nations of Christendom have carried on all their commercial in tercourse with the interior of China. Admission to the whole, One Shilling. A NEW SET of DISSOLVING VIEWS is in prepara tion for tho CHRISTMAS HOLIDAYS. _ _ Opens at Half-past Ten o'clock in the Morning; and Seven o'clock in the Evening. PUBLICATIONS. Other navigatinc , Christian nations followed in tho wake of the Portuguese. The Spaniards, the Dutch, the English, the French, the Danes, successively came as rival competitors for the lucrative commerce. It was chiefly, though not always, confined to the port of Can ton, but no European was ever. admitted within the walls of that city. The several trading nations were allowed to establish small factories for counting-houses, on the LIFE ASSURANCE. ADVANTAGES.—Perfect security from a large paid-up Capi ta' and accumulations--Equitable Rates—Power - to borrow Two-thirds Premium paid, without expense or forfeiture—and Profits annually divided. N.B. Policies for Short Periods at Lower Rates ttian at any other Office, with option of continuance for Life, at the usual rates. THE STANDARD NOVELS AND ROMANCES. The Next Volume of this unrivaled Collection,,-in a neatly bound Pocket Volume, embellished with Engtayings, price 65., (to be published with the Magazines at the end of the Month), will contain Mr. THEODORE HOOK'S humorous StOry,,entitled T HE WIDOW AND THE MARQUIS ; Or, LOVE and PRIDE. Which will be followed . by_ COOPER'S celebrated Romance, banks of the river without the city, but they were never suffered to enter within the gates ; they were not per mitted to introduce even a woman into the factory. All their intercourse with the subordinate government of the province was carried on through the medium of a dozen Chinese traders, denominated the Hong mer chants. All their remonstrances against wrong or claims of right must be transmitted not directly to the Government, but through the Hong—all in the form of DEFERRED ANNUITIES. The best and most varied provision for after life hitherto of fered—£2 12s. per annum Os. per week) at 20, will at 65 give the policy-holder the choice of an annuity of £l7 16s. 6d., or £349 I ls. cash, or policy at death of £466. Similar ad vantages at 50, 55, and 60—Two-thirds payments lent at any time, and Two-thirds returned in case of premature death. The detailed Plans, and Last Annual Report to be had at the Office, at any of its Branches, or on application will be forwarded post free. F. FERGUSON CAMROUX, Secretary. Mr. Fletcher, of Darwin ; Mr. Ecroyd, of Caine ; and Mr. Holloday, of Oldham, having spoken on the state of their neighbourhoods, Mr. CHEETHAM, of Staleybridge, moved, the following resolution : The wages in the cotton trade are now coming down, 'and the decline is already from 12 to 15 per cent. within a few months. Many persons are unemployed, and there is no prospect of any change for the better. SURGEONS' OPINION.—We, the undersigned, are of. opinion that, owing to the high price of food and want of employment, the labouring classes in the borough of Rochdale and its neighbourhood are now suffering great and increasing privations. .That they are in great num bers unable to obtain wholesome food in sufficient quan tity to maintain them in health, and thus they are pre disposed to disease and rendered unable to resist its attacks. That affections and diseases of the skin, with many others, are caused by a poor supply of food, and by innutritious food, and that many cases of appalling distress and suffering come almost daily under onr no tice. In : these respects the population amongst whom we practice are in a much worse position now than they were five or six years ago; and that, for three years past, their condition has been gradually sinking, and we never knew them iii so bad a state at any former period. T. H. WARDLEWORTIL ROBERT BARKER, GEORGE MORRIS, . , WALTER DUNLOP. humble application, called by the Chinese a PIN ; and all must be content to receive the answers of the Viceroys in the form of edicts, in which.they, their soverLigns, and their nations, were invariably styled outside barbarians, _ _ • THE LONDON, EDINBURGH, AND DUBLIN GUARANTEED MUTUAL and PRO PRIETARY LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY, No. 3, CHARLOTTE-ROW, MA NSION.ILOUSE, and 5, GREAT MARLBOROUGH-STREET, LONDON; 64, FLEET-STREET, DUBLIN; and 21, ST. ANDREW-STREET, EDINBURGH. DIRECTORS. KENNETH KIN@SFORD, Esq., Savage:gardens, Chairman BENJAMIN IFILL, Esq., Welbeck-street, Deputy Chairman Alexander Anderson, Esq., York-place, Portman-square John Atkins, Esq , White Hart-court, Lombard-street James Bidden, Esq. Spread Eagle-court Captain F. Brandreth, Scots' Fusilier Guards James Hartley, Esq., Mecklenburgh-square John M`Guffie, Esq., Osnaburgh-street John Maclean Lee, Esq., Seething-lane J. Marmaduke Rosseter, Esq., Kennington-terrace Vice-Admiral Robert Honyman Alexander Robertson, Esq., Portland-terrace, Regent's-park, Manager. AUDITORS H. H. Cannan, Esq., Finsbury-square ) Robert E. Alison, Esq., Cornhill MrrnrcAL ADVlSER—Marshall Hall, M.D., F.R. S., L. and E. SECRETARY—F. Edgell, Esq., Noel-street SOLICITORS—Messrs. Palmer, France, and Palmer, Bedford- and the highest compliment to dick kin g s was to declare them reverently submissive to his Imperia. Majesty, Mo narch of the Celestial Empire, an I Fatherof the Flowery Land. It is humiliating to think that not only the proudest monarchs of Europe, but the most spirited and enlight ened and valorous nations of Christendom have submitted to this tone and those principles of intercourse, so long as to have given them, if prescription could give them, a claim of right and a colour of conformity to the law of nature. The vital principle of commerce is reciprocity ; and, although in all cases of traffic each party acts for him self and for the promotion of his own interest, the duty of each is to hold commercial intercourse with the other —not from exclusive or paramount consideration of his own interest, but from a joint and equal moral conside ration of the interests of both. If the object of any par ticular traffic is advantageous to one party and injurious to the other, then the party suffering has an unques tionable right to interdict the trade, not from exclusive WCAUTION TO PRINTERS. HER EA S a Person, aged about Forty kpt ni one years, with reddish hair and whiskers , ab out five Ye "e inches in height, has, during the course of the present tkl„.„ or rowed various sums from Printers in the co untr y , many instances, pretended to repay them by drafts `' 4 4 3 —e l Which has subjected me to many annoying applica- Itionel , eeZu much vexatious correspondence, I hereby give no t I will not be responsible for any sum or su ms of 1' a dvanced to him, however trifling the amount. eid o , HENRY CASLON. Letter Foundry, Chiswell-street, Dec. 15, 1841. .BETTS'S PATENT BRAND:Y. the The only Establfshment of J. T. BETTS and CO. is ' t reet. bi atfi lerY, No. 7, Smithfield Bars, leading to St. John 11_,riee Eighteen Shillinas per Gallon, for two Gallons pale or coloured. Cas h on Delivery. •IVIARSALA, the best quality imported, 245. _`doe, per Dozen ; £l2 per Quarter Pike, or £6 10s. per Casks included. (h i ., HEN EKEY, KISLINGBURY , and CO . P h i B ln Wine Establishment, 23, High Holborn. e e Currents, containing all the varieties of their Stock, s , ,lrded u .. W_____pon application. ATCHES by WEBSTER and SON, ,„ CHRONOMETER and :WATCH MANUF AC- Th `IS (Established 130 years), 3, BIRCHIN-L ANE. datenest description of WATCHES at the lowest , prices f !M t , with maintaining that character for superiority o ( B r , s o which has distinguished their establishment dur .o 30 10 , 4 pr . " g 4 Period. The Compensated Duplex W atch, upon 4 ard e t d ne t 'Ple of their Chronometers, to which Government temost tetto, t .. I, e prizes three years in succession, combines . h 7 th e t V-enracy with the utmost elegance, and is not surpassed tte s e ''neket Chronometer. Webster's newly-introduced Cen ,lsPea,.;°llds, for th e me di ca l pro fession, elegant and novel in 'tired ante. The P a i en t Detached Lever Watch is manufc -4,, with extreme ('are and equally reduced in price with tlik„ E : 1111 Hori zonta l for, Ladies. Old Watches taken in ex ,Lere're' A selction of fine Second-hand Repeating, Duplex. .tile-',a1,,1 Horizontal W t •hes lir the most eminent makers, at The - A t '"ve half the original ac c d ' o o .i n , and nearly equal to IN. ew. . ''',est workmen ',::44p1 rPpairinni g :(nieare t e m ng en ag s e the premises, in the examin t , and the utmost attention is de lqte'sat the lowest charge, r to English and foreign work. Post w e e r nrni,tly atten d e d to . 4414 4.1 er and Son, Chronometer Makers t o the Lords of the — l -- --L'2 , 4irchin-lane, Cornhill, London. A PI R`,..ER MACHE TEA TRAYS, 505.. the !inf. t o -,. of FULL-SIZED GOTHIC SHAPE. per le. n ''''n Table Knives, with' ivory hand:es 14s. per le. ad , Brass Poles for Window Curtains, li inch i diameter, 41 . ... Per foot • 2 inches, Is. Bd. per foot ; bronzed fenders, ~t 1, , St 7 , 4 g, 9s. 11 A ,rERIOR LONDON TABLE CUTLERY WAR p,,JA TED.—TABLE KNIVES, with ivory Handles, 14s. V' r , dozen ; Dessert Knives, Its. ; Carvers, .ta. 6d. per pair; li a ble Knives, with white bone handles, Bs. Bd. per dozen , Ne t t 6s. Bd. ; Carvers, 3s. per Pair ; Globe-shape Tea t, , 4 quarts,new shapes, 395. ; Papier Arache Tea gothic shape, 50s ; the set o f full sizes. Catalogues, e r t4 i- fling the prices, with Engravings of every Ironmongery kr -• ,, Le necessary to the furnishing of a house of any size, 25 N cent. u n d er an y other old established house, to be had It h , \Post ‘4 PON andBURTON, 12, Wells-strest Oxford-street. Established 1820. bISREPUTABLE FRAUDS.—The pub lie are particularly requested to beware of many b ase , 4 1 k l. P t e to imitate that popular Medicine, PARR'S LIFE tit t „_ , under various pretences ; and in order that pure asers th e ';7 able to dete c t these frauds, care must be taken to look at lik4r.oeernment Stamp pasted round each box, and be sure it N u n e ywords PARR'S LIFE PILLS, inlwhite lette rs on a red that tit d, ohgraved th ere i n , and forms part of the stamp ; also VieiZnarne of Edwards 67, St. Paul's , Lo ndon, is printed as A agent on the directions wrapped round each box. thi .alt for P arr ' s Lif e Pills, and inquire for the l ittle b ook, ° Pages, with engravings, which may be had g ratis on tlit i- nn of all agen t s an d respectable venders thro u g hout the '‘ingdo m , it t i os ek t o a f lu te a s z ti in taon gc i v as r l ative pokers of this remedy has called forth „ p from parties of the highest respect abil it y, ho lt ,establish beyond possibility of contradiction the impor tteli:et that Parr's Medicine is all that is required, the fine : eklth P : ° ,Perties it con t a i ns i n variably restores the stomach to a iC,,'"ging for food; or, in other words , it p roduces a good 'o; t;' so much env i e d but ' so seldom enjoyed b y the inva ,Zaeh f , e gently stimulating power it possesses, assists the sto r,et • Properly digest the food it receives ; the balsamic 4 1 0 , lt bestow s on the system produces that delightful feel.. boo liognl spirits so very desirable , and disposes both mind foA to healthy exercise ,• everything under its influence a ",._,. t ale E t — ',,,„,ajoyous aspect' and the varied duties of life are per "h Pleasure It, in addition, contains a fine sedative Z f reshi insteadof lo and weary nights, gives sound and 11 e nßsleeP If the sgomach and bowels require it, it acts milde st,, l i _P and thost agreeable purgative, and by its cleans eteteh, were, totally eradiAtes a redundancy of Isle, and corn , oees all obstructions of the intestinal canal. 6"37 S. wholesale by appointm-nt of the Propr ietors, b y Ed in boxes at Is. lid., 2s. 9d., and Ils. ... i- l i on est vivere sed valere vita."—Ma aTta L. P rlit, 3 / 4 if e is only life, when blest with Health." System to)t ;.:14 fine st o f Ethics is to confine with -1.1,!!tra.,," bounds, and thus to regulate the Passions, which iihabijleLlrg ion nd insubo havepy destroy those harriers and Morality made sacred; to curb, but not It tbL,e_ meni, appears the lesson of prudence best calculated to l lo v oq .ef ervescence. te s ,7 , le(ig;Trg ar iization of the human frame requires great medical tesi i "al lo 6 rertiedy, and the is promoted 1 hei.N) devote (disregarding ths uggestion sof the envious and into. g o a tecl b y Yte their studies to the treatment.of those.complaints ge. Or , 1. ,4d, inThrudence and the ebullition of the passion . 3 at an un. t o Lne p,,,.',toent. " The siren 'hof a nation consists in the h er e i a ti lt e b .. :s he i t ,., — ,Ne i" but it is melancholy to reflect on the dady .t sa ,Zo'si4„`'r,nt and unfveli g empyricism, and t' as counerai.., far humanity the unit oforits further ravages, we offer to suffe g s on has victi m pi experience in the various h ol before rea l°, as a ss solitary vice (early acquired at se 0 , disea e r s m of Debility. The in elle,. _ t ted her rightmind) will, in contemphiti.ng o h w is . iiiltu,tll,, 'ttate, become - susceptible of enli'vening s . ensations, in Icn tlen ' 'r e . i ' n t ' l Y e en ni er ''s red t complicated state of exhaustion . may be roused surge tr o • gY• . Intense study—immoderate anxiety —long the ,Pteal ClLmes, and many other causes, will frequently de. 411 0 1 'ee o,.erytus Sy•tern ; in such cases we can hold out an is. 4 1 50 Roin e- animation, by a treatment which has long answered ream h a goitre brio; t hipes of Patients of bo . h sexes, an ti esly, the o.numan happiness, SYPHIps, can now be treated hib.'ote of lni i ,roved state of Medical Science havin th iti o ~ those iistressing properties that so long renderer : . its ex. g divested its incidental to e e soli or " r 2Fer air and harrassing Some peculiarities .n_ h i ch ci Mildness, inzined sent have not escaped our attention li ttee,* oUr r sYsetemcatl, u h n li g s tie sr t e e r e s , V i ecl ar i y th e e ne m , bai l s 'ul. tf,r,;.„-,1 thY:let,endanceg;eeaitnnisc,wuasiadllyemadinoepttietdiy 4 . „ itt a and letters is given for 'personal consultation; ti ee ' un trY are immediately answered ; these must co . ntain a .1 Part for Advice and aledicines, which can be forwarded to Otto; world, however distant. GOSS and CO., M. It. C. Surgeons, _ Joust I)tiblishe 1 7 , l Lancaster-place, near Waterloo-bridge, Strand. goV l, ilar , ( wenty_third Edition), 1. The /EGIS of LIFE, d;rllit .i 2plMentary on Debility and Nervous Diseases.-2, Th e e M e ssed ~....treating of Venereal Disease.-3. HYGLI ANA, a. 7 a ,, %:,.F.lUsively tothe female Scx. May be had of Sherwood and ullivior at rooster.row ; Onwhyn, 4, Catherine-street, Strand ; ki t ra ' 59, Pall Mall; and of all Booksellers. Price ss. each ; by p R. A. „,, PTON'S PILL OF HEALTH, Thi s , Price Is. 1 1 Ad. per box eorrecti2,eellent fatally PILL is a Medicine of long tried efficacy for t Pript o ,,:g all Disorders of the Stomach and Bowels, the common s i —4 orwhich are Costiveness Flatulency, Spasms, Loss of Appe tit,. ek Indißectio of he he, Giddiness, Sense of Fullness a ft er Meals Diz. .yes, Drowsiness, and Pains in the Stomach and dowels. I;etirit t ," , ,,Producing a Torpid State of the Liver, and a consequent !"e °I th e Bowels, causing a disorganization of every . function of era oe . e. Will, in this most excellent preparation, by a little perse, iheaf f , be effectually removed. Two or three doses will convince it gst r l eted of its salutary effects. The stomach will speedily regain !,!•Didl; r fT, t h I a healthy action of the liver, bowels, and kidneys will diced a '^e place ; and instead of listlessness, heat, pain, and jatin ,llnek rearance, strength, activity, and renewed health,. will be the Pitslyi„ e sult of takingthis Medicine, according to thedirections accom. the y ° I each box; and if taken a ft er too free an indulgence at table, Pee,,'eklY restore the system to its natural state of repose . nesa, fj'.. ns of a FULL HABIT, who are subject to Headache, Giddi. now of " )w siness, and Singing in the Ears, arising from too great a danger I llood to the Head, should never be without them, many Fteg n tliriptems will be entirely carried off by their immediate use. a ll ot, . "MALES these Pills are most truly excellent, removing aexsauctio_ ns : the distressing Headache so very prevalent with the Blot c h es of :Spirits, Dullness of Sight, Nervous Affections, • es, e n'le b loom to ,Plmples 'the and Sallowness of the Skin, and give a healthy and It . At -.on of p l easant, sate, easy Aperient, they unite the recomtrenda n o aroild operation with the meat success f u l e ff ect, and require bczstraint :of di e t or con fi nement during their use; and for EL %,,ig!..Y PEOPLE they will be f oun d t o b e th e mos t comfortable soleine hitherto prepared. pe r ‘ ,„ 4 9T. Prout 2'29 Strand London g enerally I l4cl. and and by the venders of ' Medicine; gy throughout the I , gdoro. ~,Ask fo r FRAMPI ON'S PILL of HEALTH, and observe the Goreerru e 40 4 Address Stamr of "'1 horn aa rrout, 229, Strand, London." on the nent TOW. CONSTITUTION OF THE COMPANY. This is the only Guaranteed Mutual Life Company— All other Assurance Companies are either Mutual, in which the parties Assured are also their own assurers, there being no Share holders and no original Capital—or Proprietary, in which the assured have no share in the profits, which belong exclusively to the Shareholders—or Mixed, in which the assured have the option, on payment of larger premium, of participating in a portion only of the profits. By the Constitution of the Lon don, Edinburgh, and Dublin Company, the Mutual Class of the assured are entitled to the Whole of the Mutual Profits, as if they had been assured in a purely Mutual Society, and they have also the security of the funds of the Company supplied by the Shareholders, who, guarantee by the subscribed Capital, the payment of the sums assured—the assured themselves being e heves!. from all responsibility, and thus placed in the right'of the advantages afforded both by Mutual Societies and Proprie tary Companie s. - Table to Assure £lOO, with profits : Age. £. s. d. Age. £. s. d. 20 25 35 40 Those who wish to assure a specific sum without regard to future additions, are charged according to a scale which is as low as a due regard to. the complete security of all parties will admit of. Table of Premiums without addition of Profits:— Age. £. s. d. Age. X. s. d. 20 25 35 40 PRACTICE OF THE COMPANY. Important improvements have been introduced into Life As surance practice by this Company, whereby the mode of ob taining Policies is simplified, all doubts as to their validity are removed, and their application is much extended. The Policies are Indefeasible and Indisputable, unless they have been fraudulently obtained. They at once create for the assured an unquestionable right in reversion, easily negotiable, and valuable as a collateral security in pecuniary transactions. One-half of the Premiums may remain unpaid for Seven Years, affording a 'greater facility and more economical plan for loan transactions and family provisions than any other which has been suggested, allowing a Policy to be dropped at one-half of the usual sacrifice, and entitling the assured at a future pe riod, when loss of health may prevent him from obtaining a assurance,nw which tto continuepa i d d P p o r ty i u fo m r s double the amount of the e sum for Credit Tab'e to Assure £lOO. Age. £. s. d. Age. X. s. d. 15 ... ............ 0 16 1 40 20 ...... ........ 0 18 0 45 . ... 1 16 6 25 ......... 10 7 50 30 Whole World Policies, entitling the party to go or to reside in any part of the World, are granted on payment of a small additional premium, according to the circumstances of the case, but fixed and determined at the time of granting the Policy. Provisions for Old Age may be made by the purchase of an annuity to commence at any defined age, or by effecting a Life Assurance according to the following Table, whereby the sum assured is made payable to the Assured himself on his attaining 60 years of age, and in the event of his death before that time, it is payable to his heirs or assigns. To Assure £lOO to the Assured Him Self at 60, or to his Heirs. Age. £. s. d. Age. X. s. d. 15 20 ... .. 2 8 7 40 25 30 Chronic Diseases form no bar to the granting of Policies upon the lives of persons suffering from them ; an additional premium being charged according to the nature of the risk. The Agents of the Company, and the Manager in London, will, on application, forward, free of expense, Forms of Propo. sal and every requisite information, to parties desirous of effect ing Assurances. All Official Communications are considered as strictly con fidential. ORIENTAL SAUCE 1— The Public are particularly requested to try the above Sauce, which is just introduced. It is composed of ingredients chiefly of Eastern growth; the flavour is very delicious, and entirely un like any other Sauce yet sold. It may be had wholesale of Crosse and Blackwell, Oilmen to her Majesty, 21, Soho square, London ; and retail, of most Sauce Vendors through out the Kingdom; together with Crosse and Blackwell's Su perior Pickles, Soho Sauce, and various other rich Sauces. SUPERIOR CANDLES. DAVIES'S CANDLES, 6d. per Ib. ; Wax . Candles, Is. 2d. ; Fine Wax, ls. sd. ; Cocoa Nut, Od. ; Extra Fine Wax Wick Moulds, Md. ; Transparent Wax, 2s. 4d. •, Gefluine Sperm, 2s. 4d. ; Genuine Wax, 2s. 4d. • Yellow Soap, 46 5. , 54 5 ., and Ws. per 1121bs. ; MottleS, 625. and 665. ; Windsor and Palm, ls. 4d. per pac ket ; Old Brown Windsor Soap, Is. 9d. ' • Rose, 25..0d. ; Cam phor, 2s. • Almond, 2s. 6d. ; Sealing Wax, 4s. 6d per lb. ; Sperm Oil, 9s. Od. per Gallon ; . Solar Oil, 3s. 6d. For Cash, at DAVIES'S Old-Established Warehouse, 63, St. Martin's-lane, opposite New Slaughter s Coffee-House. Just published, the h Edition, price Is. ' and sent Free to any part of the Kingdom on receipt of a a cePost-offi Order, for 55., THE SILENT FRIEND ; edil Work, on the INFIRMITIES of .the GENERATIVE SYSTEM in both sexes ; being an inquiry' into the concealed cause that destroys physical energy, and the ability of manhood, ere vigor has established h^r empire ; w ith observations on the baneful effects of Solitary Indulgence and Infection . ; and on the Loss of the Repro ductive Powers; with Means of Restoration. The consequt nces of neg lected gonorrhea, gleet, stric ure, seconda r y symptoms, and the influence of mercury on th skin are pointed out and it ustrated by engravings ; followed by observations on Marriage, with directions for the removal of disqualifications. By It. and L. PERRY and CO., Con sulting Surgeons, Birmingham and Leeds. Published 1 y the Authors, and sold by Strange, 21, Paternoster row ; Wilson, IS, Bisho, sgate.street ; Purkis, Compton-street, Soho; Jackson a d Co., ISO, New Food-street, London; and by • uest, Steelbouse-lane, Birmingham; Buckton, Briggate, Leeds; and by all Booksellers in Town and Country The fearfully abused powers of the human Generative System re quire the most cautious proseryation ; and the debility and disease resulting from early indiscretion or venereal infection, demand, for the cure of those dreadful evils, that such medicines should be em. ployed that are most certain to be successful. It is for these cases Messrs Perry and Co.particularly designed their CORDIAL BALM o f SYRIACUM, which is intended to relieve those persons, who, by an immoderate indulgence of their passions, have ruined their con. stitutions, or in their w.ty to theconsummation of thatdeplorable state are affected with any of those previous symptoms that betray its at' proach, as the various affections ()film nervous system, obstinate gleets,' excesses, irregular it!, obstructions of certain evacuations, weakness, total impotency, barrenness, inward wastings, loss of appetite, indi gestion, depression of spirits, trembling or shaking of the hands or limb , obstinate coughs. shortness of breath, or consumptive habits, and debilities prising from venereal excesses, in bottles, price ea' h, or the quantity of four in one Family Bottle, for:Vs., by which one I le. Bottle is saved. Prepared only by . Messrs. PERRY and CO., Surgeons, 4, Great Charles-street, Birmingham, and 44, Albion stree', Leeds. Observe, hone impresseda without tampionhe signature of R. and L. PERRY and CO., in a per, to imitate which is felony of the deepest dye. The Five Pound cases may be had as usual. fists , and Patent Medicine Venders in Sold by all Books ellers, Drugg Town and Country throughout the United Kingdom, the Continent of Europe, and America. Messrs. Perry expect; w h en consulted by letter, the usual fee of One Pound. PERRY'S PURIFYING SPECIFIC PILLS. Price os. 9d , 9s. ficl., and I Is. per CO,, Observe the signature of 11. and PERRY and on the outside hout Europe and America of each wrapper), are well known t h roug to be the mo s t certain and effectual' cure ever discovered for ev. ry stage aid symptom of the VcnerealTlisease, in births sexes, i nalncWeak luding Pass Go orrh c e a , Gleets, Secondary Symptoms , Stricta, Semi ness, deficiency and alldiseases of the Urinary ges, without loss of time, confinement, or hindrance from business. They have effected the most surprising cures, not only in recent and severe cases, but when salivation an d a ll o ther means have failed ; arri are of the ut- InTaoisnt importance to tbose afflicted with S corbutic Affections, Erup t bei' et Erup tions on any art of the body, Ulcera tions, Scrofulou s or Venereal cjustlycoarlbc morbid affection, ed o c 1 e o l o n d s e restorethe blood w from eak a; ; al d e l m fo a u c l i n a es t ed s , counteract oonstitutio p ns to ristine Co.,Surgeons, health and vigour. Messrs. Perry and may be consulted as usual at 4 , Great Charles -street (four doors from Easy-row), B i r min g ham, and 44, , Albim..street, Lteds, punctually from eleven in the mor,,ing until eight in the evening, Per y and Co. to personal visit is required t piermanent and effectual cure, gi,e a s n u d ch o ri sundays from eleven to one. Only one a county patient, to enable Messrs. fectual. and every other Shopkeepo p r . canbe s adviceafte after as all will otherbe the meansr n e a h n a s v e of p r e o ffr od t i i n o g e f a N.B. Country Druggists, Booksellersui;;) s Purifying Specific the usual allowance to te Trade , y d e o r s f ills, and Cordial Balm of S,riacum, with li P ed a.e w n i t th M a e n d y iei ci n i e la Tnteint Patent Medicine Houses in London,dey most of the principal 'Wholesale " HOMEWARD BOUND." *** Other Popular Works will continue to bo published in regular succession. 'This Collection now comprises the following, among many other celebrated Works of Fiction, each complete in one pocket volume, embellished with Engravings, price : J. FENIMORE COOPER.—The PilOt, The Spy, The Water-Witch, The Red Rover, The Last of the 'Mohicans, The Pioneers, The Prairie, Lionel, Lincoln, The Borderers, The Bravo, The Headsman, Heidenmauer, Precaution. G. P. R. JAMES.—Darnley, De L'Ornw, Philip Augustus, Henry Masterton. THEODORE HOOK. -- -2--"The Parson's Daughter, Max well, Jack Bratr, Gilbert Gurney. Miss AUSTEN.—Sense and Sensibility, Emma, Mansfield Park, Northanger Abbey and Persuasion 1 vol.), Pride and Prejudice. MORIER.—TIajji Baba, Haiji Baba in England , Zohrab. Sir E. L. BULWER.—Eugene Aram, Paul Clifford, The Last Days of Pompeii. Captain MARRYA T.—Peter Simple, Jacob Faithful, Japhet in Search of a Father, King's Own, Mr. Midshipman Easy, Newton Forster, The Pacha of many Tales. Miss JANE PORER.—Thaddeus of Warsaw, The Scot tish Chiefs, The Pastor's Fireside. MAXELL.--Stories of Waterloo, My Life the Bivouac. Mrs. TROLLOPS.—Vicar of Wrexhill, Widow Barnaby. Mrs. GORE.—Mothers and Daughters, the Soldiar of Lyons. MARRIAGE. By the'Author of " The Inheritance," and " Destiny." INHERITANCE. DESTINY. *** Any of which may be had separately. Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street. To be had also of all Booksellers GRATIS' ,-AND POST FREE. BULL'S NEW SYSTEM, AND SELECT LIBRARY CATALOGUE ; Describing all the.valuable and interesting Publications to the present date, and the advantageous terms on which families, reading societies, and bock clubs, are supplied with whatever new and standard works they may desire for their perusal, which are sent in any quantity throughout England, Scotland, and Ireland. Apply to 51r. I3till, English and Foreign Public Library, 19, Holles-street, Cavendish -square, London. On Thursday Next, without fail, THE COMIC ALMANAC for 1842 , with Twenty-four Etchings by GEORGE CRUIKSHANK, and other Illustrations. Tat and Bogue, Fleet-street. In Monthly Numbers, pricels. each; India Prooes, 25., vipT INKLES' ENGLISH CATHEDRALS. The Third and Concluding Volume of this Work is now in course of publication. It will be compr;sed in Twenty Numbers, and in the hope of an extensive sale, is issued at the same low price as the former Volumes. The Numbers published contain : Lichfield, Two Numbers, Six Engravings, 2s. Gloucester, Two Numbers, Six Engravings, 2s. The Two First Volumes of the Work may still be had, at the reduced price of 245. London : Tilt and Bogne, Fleet-street. Now ready, new Edition, much enlarged, price 10s. 6d., STUART'S ATHENS,—The Antiquities of Athens and other Monuments of Greece ; with Seventy Plates, accurately reduced from the great work of STUART and REVETT, with copious descriptions, forming a valuable introduction to Grecian Architectu:.e. Tilt and Bogue, Fleet-street. TILT'S CORRECT AND CHEAP ALNIANACKS FOR 1842. POCKET ALMANACK, or GOLD• SMITH IMPROVED, in a neat and convenient size. Price 9d. neatly bound in cloth. POCKET ALMANACK, in leath:r tuck ease, with pocket, Ike., ls. 6d. MINIATURE ALMANACK, the clearest and most con• - venient Almanack published, 11 by 2i inches. 6d. neat in cloth. MINIATURE ALMAN AUK, in leather case. ls. Penny Sheet Almanacks—The PARAGON, printed in blue; The USEFUL—SUNDAY—and HAT. Tilt and Bogue, Fleet-street. Sold by all Booksellers in Town and Country. Just published, price 245., the POST -OFFICE LONDON DIRECTORY for 1842. Contents :—Official Directory, with complete Lists of Go vernment, and all other Public Offices and Officers. Commercial Directory, furnishing the names, addresses, and residences of the 60,000 Merchants, Professional Men, and Traders of the Metropolis and its environs ; the " Post-office" is the only " Directory"which alh ays gives full Christian names. Street Directory of London ; all other published lists omit either the Nobility and Gentry. or. the Merchants, Traders, and Tradesmen ; this includes the entire in one grand arrange ment. Postage Directory, in which will be found the fullest infor mation ever published with reference to Money Orders. Trades' Directory ; Law Directory, giving a full account of each Court, with its jurisdiction, and all the Officers, from the Lord Chancellor to the Usher'of the most inferior Court ; and a copious list of Stamps, in 16 imperial octavo pages. City Directory ; Parliamentary and Peerage Directory, fur nishing the most complete Lists yet published of the New Par liament. Court Directory ; Conveyance Directory ; Banking Direr,- tory, &c. Just published, the Seventh Edition, price 3s. , and sent free, on receipt of a Post-office Order, for 3s. 6d., M. ANHOOD: the CAUSES of its PRE MATURE DECLINE, with Plain Directions for ITS PERFECT RESTORATION; addressed to those suf fering from the destructive effects of Excessive Indulgence, Solitary Habits, or Infection ; followed by Observations on the Treatment of 'Syphilis, Gonorrhoea, Gleet, &c. Illustrated with Cases, &c. By J. L. CURTIS and COMPANY, Consulting Surgeons, London. Published by the Authors, and sold by fiailiere, Medical Bookseller to the Royal College of Surgeons, 219, Regent street; Strange, 21, Paternoster-row, London; Guest, Bir mingham ; Sowler, 4, St. Ann's-square, Manchester ; Philip, South Castle-street, Liverpool ; Fannin and Co., 41, Grafton street, Dublin; Duncan,ll4, High-street, Edinburgh; and to be had of all Booksellers. This Work, a Seventh Edition of which is now presented to the public, ten thousand copies have been exhausted since its first appearance, has • been very much improved and enlarged by the addition of a more extended and clear detail of general principles, as also by the insertion of several new and highly in teresting cases. The book, as has been already stated, is the result of very ample and daily increasing experience in a class of diseases, which, for some unaccountable reason, have been either altogether overlooked, or treated almost with indiffer ence, by the ordinary medical practitioner. The proverbial and well known rapacity of unqualified practitioners, who traffic on the health and credulity of patients, has been en couraged and aroused by this supineness, on • the part of the regular surgeon. In order to obviate the pernicious effects sure to result from the practices of such pretenders, the authors have for a considerable time devoted themselves ex clusively to a certain class of diseases; of the necessity of so doing, they were further convinced by feeling that tact in in vestigating the latent sources of many diseases, which arise from certain secret praetices, can only be acquired by an ex clusive and undivided attention to this department of medical practice. The numberless instances daily occurring, whersin affections of the lungs, putting on all the outer appearances of consumption, which, however, when traced to their source, are found to result from certain baneful practices, fully proves that the principle of the division of labour, is nowhere more applicable than in medical practice. We feel no hesitation in saying that there is no member of society by whom the book will not be found useful, whether such person hold the relation of a Parent, a Preceptor, or a Clergyman. The PARENT, who beholds his beloved child pining away, and fast approaching to a premature grave, in conse quence of some disease, which, for want of careful investiga tion of its real cause, has been set down to the score of con asumption, will, on perusing this work, be astonished to find, that in nine-tenths of the cases of young persons of both sexes, ivho perish of what is called pulmonary consumption, heart disease, tapes, &c.,,the sole and exclusive origin has been the indulgence in ceKain destructive habits practised by youth much more freggently than it is at all suspected. The PRECEPTOR,,,IaIso, who holds (temporarily at least), the relation and' reeponsibility of a parent, will, by . perusing this work, be directed and very much assisted in investigating and detecting the too often con cealed practices so often introduced into schools, whereby the health and ultimately the /Ives of his pupils are sure to be com promised, unless the evil be arrested in proper time. He will here find a clue to guide him through the intricate mazes of this moral labyrinth, and a standard whereby to judge, when delicacy of health should appear to attack any of his young charges, what the real causes of such attack may be, and thus he will be enabled to check the evil in its incipient state. The CLERGYMAN, in whose sacred character is at once concentrated the two-fold relation of parent and instructor, will here be directed as to the nature of those habits to which youth is addicted ; he will also be enabled to point out the dis astrous consequences which are sure to follow from them if not relinquished. Messrs. CURTIS and CO. are to be consulted daily at their residence, No. 7, Frith-street, Soho-square, London. Country Patients are requested to be as minnte as possible in the detail of their cases—as to the duration of the complaint, the symptoms, age, general habits of living, and occupation in life of the party ; the communication must be accompanied by the usual Consultation Fee of 11., without which no notice whatever can be taken of their application ; and in aU cases, t h e moss inviolable secrecy may be relied on. THE DEPOPULATION SYSTEM IN IRELAND. —During the last ten years, as appears from the result of the Census, the decrease in the population of Ireland Inv been 527,5901 MANCHESTER, FRIDAY.—One of the most important I meetings held in this to wn s i nce th e. existence of com mereial distress in this district was held yesterday in the Corn Exchange, for the purpose of receiving reports and communications in reference to the present depressed state . of trade in their several districts. The meeting was convened for ten o'clock, at which hour only a few persons . had assembled, but in a short time afterwards • the room gradually filled, and towards noon there was' a crowded assembly of the l ea di ng ma nufacturers, mer chants, cotton-spinners, c o tt on - prin t ers , and others en gaged largely in trade here. The attendance of deputies' was large, including Richard Cobden, Esq., M.P., Joseph Brotherton, Esq., M.P., Robert Hyde Greg, Esq., John Brooks, Esq., T. Bazley, jun., Esq., W. R. Callender,: Esq., George Wilson, Esq., William Evan, Esq., Samuel Lees, Esq., W. Rawson, Esq., James Kershaw, Esq., John Rawsthorne, Esq., W. Lockett, Esq., W. Bexley,. Esq.; and A. Prentice, Esq., for Manchester and Sal ford ; Robert Benson, Esq., jun., Droylsden ; Charles Jackson, Esq., Legh ; Timothy Warmby and Os ward MeseleY; Esqrs., Hazel Grove ; Thomas Thornber and William. Eeroyd, Esqrs., Colne ; John Ryland . and John Allen, Esqrs., Warrington ; John Bright, Esq., Rochdale ; Nelstrop (Mayor), Hol lins, Henry Coppock (town clerk); Charles Hudson, Lefton, and Wilkinson, Esqrs ' and the Rev. Messrs. Smith and W a ddi ngton, Stockport • Edmund Ashworth, Henry Ashw ort h, J. C. Darbilire, and Thomas Thomason, .Esqrs., Bolton ; Joseph Spencer, George Southam, Alfred Reyner, and G. Higginbottom, Esqrs., Ashton ; Joshua Brooks and Bradley Pass, Esqrs., Mossley ; ItelZrt Platt, John Cheethans, and William Bayley, Esqrs.,. Staleybridge ; J. H. Roberts, Esq., Burnley ; 11. Fletcher, Esq., Darwen ; William Hethwell and John Barker, Esqrs., Todmorden; Hol - loday, Oldham . ; Nicholson, Esq., Leeds. R. H. Greg, Esq., late one of the Alc:;stes for Manchester, was called to the chair. lle enteittt into a luminous but startling detail of the falling state of trade, and of the fearful competition between this country and foreigners. He spoke for upwards of an hour, and adduced a great variety of facts worthy the attention of Parliament at this extraordinary juncture. Mr. Greg was followed by Mr. T. Bayley, a gentleman largely engaged in cotton spinning in this town. • Mr. BRIGHT, of Rochdale, said the staple of that town was not the cotton trade, but still the. flannel trade of Rochdale was one so near the cotton districts that it had not been thought improper some statistics should be brought before the present meeting. He had written down, at the recommendation of a 'Committee in Roch dale, some facts connected with the state of that town, which he would read, in order that he might take up no more time than necessary by any digression from the subject : —Many intelligent manufacturers suppose that previous to the passing of the American tariff nearly one-third, or at least one-fourth of the flannels made in, Rochdale were exported to the United States. The American tariff passed in the year 1828, by 105 to 94 in, the I'louse of Representatives, and by 26 to 21 in the Senate. It is remarkable that 28 of the New England Representatives voted against it, and only 15 for it, and e s y t h o e f the ß ep r S e s o e u n t h t a e t r i n v e s States t o in p p t o 4 s d e l d e i a t s , t h the l a t s e p e r a e r c r e i n e d t a t h i or manufacturing 'States, a.d the western,: or agricul tural States. Mr. Randolph said, that" If theßill had its true name, it should be ca'led a Bill to.rob.and plunder one half of the union for the benefit of. the other half." Mr. Drayton moved to amend the title as-follows: strike out all after an Act, and insert " to „increase the duties on certain imports fur the purpose of increasing the profits of certain manufacturers."' When the Bill passed.' the New York papers said " the expression of pUblic opinion is very bitter against thismeasure, and the ship owners will have occasion to lainent it more than any other part of the mercantile . community." As soon as the Bill was known to have paSsed the Senate all the shipping in port displayed their colours at half-mast, as a token of regret for the injuries inflicted on com merce. The consequences of this tariff on the flan nel trade of Rochdale were most disastrous. It at one blow annihilated rthe American trade in that de cription of goods, and since 1828 the export of flannels to the United States has been reduced to an amount . quite inconsiderable, in comparison with that which took place previously. The inevit . - able effect of ,ihis diminished demand was the scarcity of employment and fall of wages. Wages had remained pretty stationary from 1820 to 1828 ; but in 1829 they fell sixteen to twenty per cent., and employment was . scarce. No new market was open to take off the goods usually made for America ; weavers were too numerous for the. work to be done ; wages continued to fall, and in 1831 they were 40 per cent. below the rates paid in 1828 ; great numbers of sober, industrious, and valuable operatives emigrated to the very country whose food we refused to take in payment for flannels, and whose people were partly compelled to make flannels for themselves. These operatives would line remained in their own country to add to its population, strength, and prosperity, but for the suicidal policy of the landlord Government of England. Distress made fearful strides among - those who remained at home, and had it nor been that the cotton trade extended in the town abOut this period, tak ing up many hands froth the- woollen trade; the Sufferings of the operatives must have been greatly aggravated. To such a state .was the flannel trade reduced, that many looms were broken up, being worthless as looms,' and bought to .be • used as props in the coal mines of the neighbourhood! Owing to this emigration, and the consequent diminished number of hands, and the general improvement in trade as provisions became cheaper, there . was a slight improvement in the flannel trade and in wages in 1832. In 1833 a further rise took place, pro visions still falling, and the home demand improving. ; and up to 1837 this advance was fully maintained. In 1838, 1839, and 1840 wages gradually declined, during which time the price of provisions has greatly advanced; and it may be safely affirmed that wages in 1840 were at least 40 per cent., and in many instances above 50, lower than in 1828 ; and many weavers were unable to pro cure employment, and vast numbers had only an irre gular and precarious employment. That a deplorable change has taken place in the condition of the opera tives engaged in the woollen trade at Rochdale within the past fifteen years is a Twitted by all persons ac quainted with their past and present circumstances. The house of the woollen weaver was almost proverbial for a degree of comfort and plenty, such as is now rarely witnessed. The furniture was abundant, always sufficient, not rarely handsome. A good chest of maho gany drawers, as a family wardrobe, its excellent polish protected by a large cover of green baize, and a clock in a large and handsome mahogany case, bespoke the degree of affluence and comfort to which their dwellings are now almost entire strangers. Now we see abject poverty on every side. Wages so low that many men with full work are compelled to apply to the parish for relief ; their houses are unfurnished, possessing neither wardrobe nor garments ; and their hu nger - mar k e d countenances be speaking the terrible wrongs they endure. If it be true that protection to landowners gives a home trade so good as to make up for any decrease of foreign demand, how comes it that the home trade has never yet been able to place the flannel trade on its former footing, and to sup ply the customers of which it was deprived by the Ame rican tariff? If the landlord interest has purchased one piece more flannel than it would have purchased .without the Corn-laws, the price of that piece was first stolen by law from the weaver that made the piece. CABINET MAKERS' FURNITURE.—MinUte inquiries show that from fifteen years previous to 1828 there were twenty-eight to thirty journeymen cabinet •makers and a few boys regularly and fully employed in Rochdale. At this time there are only twelve or thirteen journeymen and about ten boys in the trade, and these have not had full and regular employment for a long time past. The population of the town and neighbourhood has greatly increased during the past fifteen or twenty years ; but there has been no increase of furniture, clearly proving that the condition of the people is much worse, and their comforts greatly abridged. TRAVELLING SCOTaIMEN —l. Travels Todmorden; Saddleworth, Shaw, Lees, Oldham, Middleton, Hey wood, Wardle, and neighbourhood of Rochdale. Has travelled part of this district for twenty years, dealing with many families throughout this period ; his customers have gradually become poorer, and are now mostly ruined, and unable to buy clothing, tea, coffee, &C., as formerly. Six years ag) their condition was much better. Tod morden was then his best district —now very much worse, mills there having worked short time many months. In his journeys he finds many houses which he has known well ftirnished almost stripped, the furniture having gra dually been disposed of to provide food. Has given up the Wardle district, the people being reduced to poverty so abject that they can pay for nothing. Most customers are ashamed to meet him, and skulk away to avoid him when they know he is coming, as they have nothing to pay for what they have had from him. This is a common occurrence about Middleton and the neighbourhood. Many travellers have given up the trade— their once good customers now impoverished, their purchases very small, and bad debts rendering the trade a ruinous one to those engaged in it. SHOPKEEPERS AND PROVISION DEALERS.-1. The quantity of meal sold in proportion to the flour is much greater than it used to be half a dozen or three or four years ago. Sells much less of cheese and sugar, and not more than two-thirds of his former sale ; and not more than half the tobacco. The quantity of malt is reduced to one-third of his sale in better times. Debts cannot be paid ; many honest and industrious customers have debts standing over till times mend. 2. More meal in proportion to the flour sold now than a few years ago. His customers buy half a pound - or a pound of meal at once, as they are able. Much less tea sold ; sugar one. half less ; tobacco one- third less. New butter not much bought ; old cheaper ; often none used In cheese the reduction is one-half. Bread sold in penny worths commonly ; all the common articles of food sold now in very small quantities. Debts standing over till better times. Only sells one lead of malt where he used to sell four. Boy came for thr ee halfpenny worths of m family of seven, sober an d i n d ustr i ous ; a full work 11s. to 12 s . p er wee k ; father h al e r most in 7 wages rags r 8 boys earn 4s. wi t h sett i ng car d s . so Only one bed for seven p ersons ; no hope of improvement. meal ; s withv Double quantity of meal and coarse flour sold in proportion to the whale qqahtity for bread. Customers who used to buy a pound of sugar now buy a pennyworth, or a quarter of a pound for twopence. Tea sold in quantities as small as half a quarter of an ounce, for a half-penny. Butter as low as a half-penny or a penny ; bacon a p „ ny , or a quarter of a pound for twopence. .Rochdale, Dec. 13th, 1841. The Rey. J. WADDINGTON, from Stockport, then ad dressed the meeting, and after furnishing statistical de tails of distress similar to those given by the last speaker, said it has been ascertained that since the year 1836, more than half the master-spinners or manufacturers in the town and its immediate vicinity have failed; twenty nine firms, including upwards of forty partners, are in their list. Of these, the machinery of seventeen mills were sold by auction; four by private contract, and eight effected a composition. Seventeen mills containing 40-horse power are totally unoccupied ; in seven other mills 285-horse power is standing still ; no acts of de predation have as yet been committed by the people ; but the superintendent of the police states that the num ber of petty offences, especially such as have for their object obtaining food, or such property as could easily be converted into money, or be made use of as the means of obtaining food, have been considerably increased during the last six months. The health of the town is equally bad as at Rochdcle. Indeed it is impossible to imagine, human beings reduced to a lower state of temporal wretch edness than that in which we have found our fellow-towns men. To mention but one instance: when a visitor called at a house to make his inquiries, he found a mother with eight children out of work. She was expecting every hour to give birth to another child of misery, and there was no couch to the miserable dwelling, nor an article of furni ture fit for the accommodation of any human being.' IsTo;t withstanding the strong and deeply-rooted aversion to break up their relative connexions, and to apply to the officers of their parish, within the last four months two hundred have applied for orders of removal—or more than an average of two every day, without interruption. I might add to this mournful detail of facts other particu lars, showing the general decay of our local interests; but I fear to trespass on your patience. Whole streets are deserted, and in hundreds of these now tenantless dwel lings a secret martyrdom of spirit has been suffered for months before they were abandoned. Hitherto there has been a forlorn hope that things would iMprove, but gradually that hope has given place to feelings of deep resentment against those whom the wcrking classes are led to consider as inflicting upon them, instrumentally at least. their present miseries. I assure you, Gentlemen, that I am merely reporting the statements Of the people with whom I am brought into daily contact, and not ex pressing so much any opinions of my own. It is the almost universal conviction of the operatives that there is provided in the bounty of Providence bread enough and to spare. That the famine of the necessaries of life is artificial, and that the markets are closed against the produce of their labour in order to, keep up the rents of the lords of the soil, and to increase the value of the , tithes. Many of them, honest, industrious, and well-de signing men, have walked hundredS of miles in the fruit less search of employment. ,They may be found sitting in their damp, cheerless, and poverty-stricken cellars, surrounded with their children, meagre-bellied, or sickening before them under the power of disease, and, as they brood over their miseries they compare their lot with those whom they regard as their oppres sors—pampered in luxury, and, as they believe, as regardless of their wretchedness as the rich man in gospel was insensible to the wants and sufferings of Lazarus, who perished at his gate full of sores. It is scarcely necessary to say, that the rumour that a plan is being formed to ship them off as felons, has awakened a spirit of indignation that will not be soon allayed. Gentlemen, I have now accomplished the task assigned me, and my only regret is, that the duty has been dis charged so imperfectly. Allow me a word or two before I retire as to the sentiments which this painful investi gation has excited in my breast. Without fear of con tradiction from any , quarter, I can say that my r e marks are not those of a partisan. Those who are best ac quainted with my course for the last nine years can bear me witness that few , have less mingled with affairs of a secular or political nature. I was .not present at the meeting of the inhabitants which appointed the Corn mittee to make 'these inquiries. It was contrary to my expectation that I had to take part in them, and still more so that I should be here to-day. But having witnessed more wretchedness than can be described, _occasioned by the want of employment — having witnessed the operation of decay extending over every cla-ss 'in our community, it would be extremely painful to me not to express my solemn conviction that we are rapidly appoaching the very limits of human en durance. rt is not for me to suggest the means of amelioration—my counsels and sympathies in my daily intercourse' with the poor are those dictated by the Gospel of : Christ. I know not that in a single instance I have ever dwelt on the topic of the Corn-law. The suffering poor need from me something rather to allay than to inflame their burning sense of wrong. But even I do feel it to be my sacred duty to lay bare this deep and wide-spread social malady to those whose office it is to prescribe the remedy. So far as in me lies will I expose these scenes of lamentation and woe ; and, fellow-countrymen if, after these disclosures, ghastly want should lead to disorder, to tumult, to pil lage, or to bloodshed, for one, I am guiltless of the con sequences ; the inquisition for blood will be made on those who suffer such a mass of wretchedness to remain without the adoption of the only adequate means of ame lioration.—[This speech made a deep impression on the assembled multitude. Many were moved to tears.] A member of the Deputation then read details of the want of trade and distress in Preston, which, though not so bad as in Rochdale and Stockport, was still of a fearful description. Crime had increased with the price of corn as regularly as the mercury rises from heat. The number of cases of felony in Preston was as fol lows :---In 1835, 18 cases ; 1836, 27 ; 1837, 84 ; 1838, 103 ; 1839, 112 ; 1340, 160. This alarming increase is attributed by some to the increase of dram-shops, con cert-rooms, &c. ; but when I consider the great increase of churches, chapels, schools, and moral institutes, which ought to be equal in their counteracting influence, I cannot help attributing much of this increase to the want of em ployment caused by the pressure of the times, and which always falls first upon the idle and dissolute.—(Hear.) The wages of spinmers have been reduced this year to about 10 per cent., with a probability of a still greater reduction. Weavers are wandering about, and willing to take work at any price. Everybody's spirits are down ; the shopkeepers are complaining bitterly, and the small farms in the neighbourhood, owing to bad seasons and heavy taxes, are fast sinking into ruin. A subscription has been raised, soup, meal, clothing, and bedding are being given to the poor. I visit the houses of the poor every week, but to give you a description of the poor living, and miserable furniture (if such it can be called), of the wretched bedding, of the amount of human wretch edness and misery which I find amongst them, would be only such as would exceed all belief unless it were wit nessed. I took the Rev. Mr. Spencer and J. Curtis, Esq., when here, to see some of these cases, and they seemed astonished at the scenes of human misery, as well as Christian patience, exhibited by these poor people. (Here the Speaker read the return of thirteen sales of furniture at Preston averaging 6s. 51d. which appeared in The Sun yesterday.) A Report from Wigan was also presented, detailing at great length the sufferings of the workingelbassizsßoefvthret g town and neighbourhood. This was follow e d from Bolton: the want of trade was still greater. of 50 mills there are 30 stopped, and 8,124 work . ; pl u e t 5,061 are idle or working only fo ur d ays in the e° eek! week. In 1835 the number of iron -f oun d ers, engineers, and mill-wrights was 2,110, while at present they amount to only 1,325, and a considerable number of those discharged have gone to the Continent or Ame rica. The same may be said of carpenters, brick-setters, and stone-masons. One half of the tailors are out of employment ; the number, in 1835, having been 500, while now there are only 25 0, and but partially emp l oye d. Reports were then read from Oswaldwistle, parish of " That, in the opinion of this meeting, the calamitous state of the surrounding community is chiefly to be traced to the operation of certain legislative enactments, which forbid the free exchange of ottr manufactures for the needful productions of other countries, and especially to the Corn and Provision-laws, which, by restricting. as far as possible the means of subsistence to the insufficient harvests of these islands, subjects the people to a per. petual struggle for food, and exposes them to constantly recurring seasons of scarcity ; that these laws dry up the sources of profitable employment" for an increasing population, not only by preventing the growth of foreign commerce, but by limiting, in an equal degree the home trade, which flourishes only with the pros perity of our manufacturing, mercantile, and trading interests ; that, in the deliberate opinion of this meet ing, and irrespective of the present distress and its cause, any law which gives to a privileged class a mono poly of the supply of any article, but especially of the first necessaries of life, at the expense of the general body of the nation, is, in its essence, and under - all cir cumstances and at every time, a violation of the funda mental principles of just government." The resolution was seconded by JOSEPH SPENCER, Esq., of Ashton, and carried unanimously. JOHN RYLANDS, Esq., of Warrington, moved "That, whilst-demanding as a right the removal of all protective duties for the benefit of others, this meeting is desirous that the miscalled legal protection given to the cotton trade should be at the same time withdrawn. If such protective laws were operative, they could only be so at the expense of the consumers of cotton manufactures. They, on the contrary, are wholly inoperative; more than three-fourths of the cotton spun and manufactured and ex ported and sold in competition with every foreign rival, and the price abroad determining the price at home, no legisla. tive enactment can possibly protect the capitalist or labourer engaged in the cotton trade. That, therefore, this meet ing regards the existence ,of laws professedly passed for its benefit as calculated merely to delude the unreflect i4., and to afford to others the pretence for maintaining monopolies oppressive and injurious to the interests of the country." The motion was seconded by Mr. NICHOLSON, from Leeds, and carried ; after which Mr. ROBERTS, from Burnley, addressed the meeting. Mr. GEORGE WILSON, Honorary Secretary to the League, then read various communications from places which had not sent deputations. Mr. Perkins, of Nottingham ; Mr. Brotherton, M.P. ; and Mr. Cobden, M.P. ; then addressed the meeting, and the proceedings terminated. WAR BETWEEN GREAT BRITAIN AND CHINA. (From the Morning Post.) OPINION OF THE HON. JOHN QUINCY ADAMS. The following document, from the pen of an American statesman who exercises a considerable influence on the national opinions and policy of the United States, will be interesting to the British public. It is a lecture on that part of the law of nations which applies to the existing war between this country and China, delivered to the Historical Society of Massachusetts by the Hon. John Quincy. Adams a short time previously to the salt ily, of the Caledonia. This production had not been published in America when the Caledonia left Boston, but was to appear in the Boston Notion of Dec. 4, from a copy of which paper, printed by anticipation, we have the op portunity, which we cheerfully embrace, of transferring it to our columns:— The existing state of the relations between the king dom of Great Britain and Ireland and the empire of China opens for discussion questions of deep interest to the whole human race, and of pre-eminent interest to the people of the North American Union. Great Britain and China are at war. The questions which immediately rise for consideration in this conflict between two of the mightiest nations of the globe are 1. Which of the two parties to the contest has the righteous cause ? 2. What are the prospects of its progress and termi nation ? 3. How the interests of other nations, and particularly of the United States, are already, or are likely to be hereafter, affected by it ? 4. What are the duties of the Government and peo ple of the United States resulting from it ? For the solution of the first of these questions we must resort to a statement of the facts in which the controversy originated, and for a candid application to these facts of the laws of nature and nations. It is emphatically enjoined by the Christian precept, to love your neighbour as yourself. Now, there is no other way by which men can so much contribute to the comfort and well-being of one another as by commerce, or mutual exchanges of equivalents. Commerce is, then, among the natural rights and duties of men, and if of individuals, still more of communities ; for, as by the law of nature every man, though he love hi s neighbour as himself, must provide for his own preservation and that of his family before he can minister to the wants of his neighbour, it follows that he can give in exchange to his neighbour only the excess of the fruit of his labour beyond that which is necessary for his and their subsist ence. The exchange itself may indeed be of necessaries, and that leads to the division of labour, one of the greatest blessings of association ; but that cannot be with out commerce. The empire of China is said to extend over three hundred millions of human beings. It is said to cover a space of seven millions of square miles—about four times larger than the surface of these United States. The people are not Christians. Nor can a Christian nation appeal to the principles of a common faith to settle the question of right and wrong between, them. The moral obligation of commercial intercourse between nations is founded entirely, exclusively upon the Christian precept to love your neighbour as yourself. With this principle you cannot refuse commercial intercourse with your neighbour, because commerce, consisting of a voluntary exchange of property mutually beneficial to both parties, excites in both the selfish and social propensities, and enables each of the parties to promote the happiness of his neighbours by the same act whereby he provides for his own. But China, not being a Christian nation, its inhabit ants do not consider themselves bound by the Christian precept, to love their neighbour as themselve s . Th e right of commercial intercourse with them reverts n the execrable principle of Hobbes that the stat e of bnn or refuse, and naturenot to is a state of war ; every one has a right to b u man is obliged to sell. Commerce becomes altogethert no a matter of convention. The right of eachrty is only to propose—that of the other is to accept his to his result he may be guided exclusively neighbour. by the consi deration of his own interest, without regtlrd to th e inte rests, the wishes, or the other wantsof This is a churlish and unsocial system, occasion here to say that whoever examines and I take the Chris tian system of moral s with a it p s hilosophical spirit, setting aside all the exte rna l and historical evidence of its truth, will find that all exalt the nature of the animal m peace on earth and goodwill towanaTd Atheist, the Deist, the Chinese, psariemcitseepnts. Ask kd the purpose of you that the foundation and they will tell selfish enjoyment. , Seneca, and Ask of their system of morals is the supreme schools-Epicurus,Cicero Socrates, the philosophers of the Grecian ocrates, Zeno, Plato, Lucretius, you will find them discoursing upon ease, temperance, prudence, fortitude, justice —not one Good. They will tell you it is pleasure, of them will whisper lation between and physical seofpleasure ; not the name of love, unless in its gross one of them moral e m will tell you that the source of all r - e, as an instrument __ your neighbour as yourself—tado unto him as you would you and the rest of mankind is to love that he should do unto you. The Chinese recognise no such law. Their internal Government • is a hereditary patriarchal despotism, and their own exclusive interest is the measure of all their relations with the rest of mankind. Their own Government is founded upon the principle that. as a nation, they are superior to the rest of man kind. They believe themselves and their country espe cially privileged over all others ; that their dominion is the celestial empire, and their territory the flowery land. At a period of their history so remote that they have no authentic records of the times, to make their separation from the rest of the world more effectual, they built a wall 1,500 miles long, between themselves and their next neighbours the Tartars, which, however, has not saved them from being more than once conquered. The prin ciple of the Chinese Government is, that the whole nation is bne great family, of which the Emperor is the father. His authority is unlimited, and he can not only appoint such of his sons he pleases to succeed him, but may even transfer the succession to another family. Idol worship, polygamy, infanticide, are the natural consequences of such a system within the realm, and the assumption of a or paramount consideration of his own interest, but be cause the traffic no longer fulfils the condition which makes commercial intercourse a duty. The fundamental principle of the Chinese empire is anti-commercial. It admits no obligation to hold com mercial intercourse with others. It utterly denies the equality of other nations with itself, and even their in dependence. It holds itself to be the centre of the ter raqueous globe, equal to the heavenly host, and all other nations with whom it has any relations, political or com mercial, as outside tributary barbarians reverently sub missive to the will of its despotic Chief. It is upon this principle, openly avowed and inflexibly maintained, that the principal maritime nations of Europe for several centuries, and the United States of America from the time of their acknowledged independence, have been content to hold commercial intercourse with the empire of China. It is time that this enormous outrage upon the rights of human nature. and upon the first principles of the rights of nations, should cease. These principles of the Chinese empire, too long connived at and truckled to by the mightiest' Christian nations of the civilised world, have at length been brought into conflict with the princi ples and the power of the British empire ; and I cannot forbear to express the hope that Britain, after taking the lead in the abolition of the African slave trade and of slavery, and of the still more degrading tribute to the Barbary African Mahometans, will extend her liberating arm to the furthest bounds of Asia, and at the close of the present contest insist upon concluding the peace on terms of perfect equality with the Chinese empire ; and that the future commerce shall be carried on upon terms of equality and reciprocity between the two communities, parties to the trade, for the benefit of both, each retain ing the right of prohibition and of regulation to interdict any article or branch of trade injurious to itself, as, for example, the article of opium ; and to secure itself against the practices of fraudulent traders and smugglers. This is the true, and I apprehend the only question at issue between the Governments and nations of Great Britain and China. It is a general, but I believe alto gether mistaken opinion, that the quarrel is merely for certain chests of opium . imported by British merchants into China, and seized by the Chinese Government for having been imported contrary to law. This is a mere incident to the dispute, and no more the cause of the war than the throwing overboard of the tea in Bo3ton harbour was the cause of the North American Revolution. The cause of the war is the pretension on the part of the Chinese, that in all their intercourse with other na tions, political or commercial, their superiority must be implicitly acknowledged, and manifested in humiliating forms. It is not creditable to the great, powerful, and enlightened nations of Europe, that for several centuries they have, for the sake of profitable trade,_ submitted to this insolent and insulting pretension, equally contrary to the first principles of the law of nature and of revealed religion—the natural equality of mankind. This submission to insult is the more extraordinary for being practised by Christian nations, which, in their intercourse with one another, push the principle of equality and reciprocity to the minutest punctilios of forms. Among the expedients to which the British Govern ment had resorted to hide their faces from the shame of submission to their principle of commercial intercourse with China, was that of granting the monopoly of trade to a company of merchants. The Charter of the East India Company was the instrument of this monopoly s • and, as the Company possessed none o f th e attri butes of sovereignty, whatever compliances their thirst for gain might reconcile with their self esteem as men, or their pride as Britons, was supposed to involve no sacrifice of the national honour and dignity. They submitted, therefore, to accept the permission to trade with the people of China, as a boon granted to their humble supplication, called a Pin. But their trade was to be confined to the single port of Canton, in an empire of seven millions of square" miles, with a population of 300,000,000 of souls. Even into that city of Canton no British subject was ever to be suffered to get his foot. They were permitted to erect on the banks of the river below the city the buildinig:bnecesn sary for a counting - house, over which they m dis play the degraded standard of theirv-nation, but froth fron which their wives and families were to be for ever ex cluded. For the superintendence of this trade certain officers were appointed by the East India Company, and it was to be exclusively carried on with ten or twelve ts Chi ne se merchant , of the city, call ed Hong merchants, through whom alone the outside ba rbarians had access by the Pin to the government of the city. In the year 1792, just at the time when the wars of the French revolution, in which G rea t B r itain took so prominent a part, werebreaking out, the British Govern ment instituted astendid embassy to the Emperor of China , Kien Long, of a reignas then approaching the termination osixty years. From the hi s torical account of this embass y, published by Sir George Staunton, it appears th a t its object was to prevail upon - the Chinese Government to admit the establishment of a permanent diplomatic British Minister to reside near t he pe rs o n o f the Emperor, at Pekin, and, thereby to secure a more effective protection to the commerce between the two countries than it had before enjoyed. But this was not agreeable to Chinese benevolence. From the moment that Lord Macartney landed in China till he embarked in the Lion to return home, lie was considered the vassal of a distant subordinate petty Prince, sent by his master to do homage, and bear the tributary presents to the superhuman Ilajesty of the Celestial empire. The presentation of the Ambassador and the delivery of his credential letters was effected with great solemnity, and he was magn ificently entertained by the Emperor on his birthday, the 17th of September. But the letter and the presents were no sooner delivered than he re. ceived significant hints that it was expected he would apply without delay for permission to depart. Lord Macartney was extremely reluctant at coming to the conclusion that his embassy was at an end, and that he had nothing more to do but to ask permission to de part and return to his own country ; but a kind friend at the Imperial Court, whose good offices he had secured, suggested to him that the Chinese had no other idea o f a n embassy, and that there was in truth no other a lt er native. To relieve him from his embarrassment, h's British pride and this Tartar courtesy , h e just at thi s l time received advices of the war which the IsT • Convention had declared against the King of Great Britain and the Stadtholder of the Netherlands, andreahet comforted himself with the anticipation that by r e turning h o me immediately in the Lion, the ship whicheeperfilor time con veyed him to China, he might at the same h ad the service of conveying in safety the Eas t Com pany's fleet of merchantmen then bound to E urop e. e ilndia re at e d This embassy, however, appears to have be with more respect than any other from a E uro pea n Go vernment during the two centuries of Thetlie reign n of the Ta- Tsing, or Mantfhoo Tartar dynasty. George Staunton distinctly and positively af firms rative of Sit' George that rt e Macartney was admitted to the presence of the Emperor Kien-Long, and presented to him his credentials, with out performing the prostration of the Ko-Tou, the Chinese act of homage from the vassal to the sovereign lord. Ceremonies between superiors isT and i n f er iors are the personification of principles. years after the repulse of Lord early twenty-five Macartney, in 1816, an other splendid embassy_was despatched by the British Government, in-thelAi person of Lord Amherst, who was much more rudely smissed, wi thout even being ad mitted to the presence of th e E single hour at Pekin. A putereror, or passing a embassy, instituted shortly after the failuro of that of Lord Macartney, fared no better, although the Ambassador submitted with a good grace to the prostration of the Ko-Tou. A philo sophical Republican may smile at the distinction by which a British Noblem an saw no o bj ect i on to deliver ing his credentials on the beaded knee, but could not