The Sun. — London, England, 1841-04-20 00:00:00

-MORNING EDITIONt ri.W l ~~'~~~~' You a re CI abyss bei ►F Sootlaoil ton nod LITERATURE. E DINBURGH REVIEW.—No. CXL VI: Lbngman, London, 1841. The lif e o f the celebrated Ger - Schiller, whom the Rev n ently the fay , - fortustl ' thivfnat6i.. ...ewer asserts to be etni . ....rite poet of his conotryNt subject of a delightful article in the pre lent Edinburgh kw. The early disappoint ilueeuts of thi s hi g hl y - g if te d man; the struggl e iolig maintained against poverty, and the f i.,tghts to whi c h it g i ves r i se ; the calm seir.eon tnce he sh owe d un d e r circumstances calculated check the glowing aspirations of genius; and t he full a n d perfect triumph over prejudice arta ne g l ect to which this well-regulated Self-con lerace led ;—all these marked features in Schil s literary career are exhibited with giant and minuteness, and offer a useful ihoral to .. e nseious worth and talent wilts) languishing '_u r clier the heavy pressure' L ' e l l ' il Y d • Frederick contempt and pe- SI- eililler was, it seems, the lif e ev?f pour Int deserving parents, and early in P ro ,. 't i Fet ) -i.a decided predilection for the Church. Ict o 7 41 s Inother he appears, says his Reviewer, t , -iaVe inherited his pious, earnest, enthusiastic, OPerament, his mild and loving disposition, and . „ 4 '. early taste for poetry. Even in face and tbrm kl likeness was Conspicuous ;in the tall and figure, the light hair, weak eyes, broad forehead, 'and melancholy expression which was 't sal to him." His predilection for the grch, however, soon gave way to his passion r the dra m a, w hi c h was e licited by his first visit to 01 0 theatre at Ludwigsburg, when a boy. kt'ekteforth, he would" frequently shut himself w i l yo his room, and rehearse long scenes, in oL ich paper-puppets were the performers, while to ,s of tragedies, sanguinary and terrific, began float across his mind." The extraordinary play ,f wh the " Robbers" was the consequence—a play te ich once read, is never forgotten. We our b2ves have not met with it since our school-days, ut the chief incidents are still as fresh in our Ytuory, as though we had perused then) but t terday. This st r iking drama, which excited 4 t enthusiasm of all Germany, and whose fame wi tt 't spread throughout Europe, was written i t 4 Schiller was barely twenty-one years old : eo n ,,,,,_grew into shape under obstacles of every kind ; being r‘Ntt secretly, at such hours as Schiller could steal from fei t e r Vor the studios of the academy. Sometimes he would • thi s 4 , 1 illness, in order to obtain a light in his bedroom ; but se p wb,s soon detected by the teachers, who forthwith ( ki t him long tasks to be performed, until he should again be it.? to attend th e usual courses. Once he had a narrow escape 1 1 :,ne of the domiciliary visits of the Duke, who, in mak ithis rounds at night, entered the room so hastily, that iettfiller had scarcely time to - throw the manuscript under al t able, and to replace it by some medical work. To en : iorne,ehtlirnmetso, bear these nightly laboUrs, he had recourse to wine ; it insinuated, not without detriment to the steadi- - t of' his step next morning. (t Oita popular to an unprecedented degree as e " Robbers" was, it did little towards improv . g author's worldly circumstances. Poverty, la its worst shape, still dogged his footsteps ; and ewas even denounced to the Duke of Wurtem ' It t 4 rg, in whose dominions he resided, as a " .fac ti:3tis and dangerous spirit" in consequence of revolutionary principles developed in his ' 4 3% He was compelled, therefore, to fly se tretly from the Duke's territories, " with some tw enty florins, raised by the sale of his whole ear thlyi v goods, in Isis pocket," and presented ,!llself at Mannheim, before the stage-director o t e!the theatre there, with a new play which he 7d written, entitled " Fiesco." Strange to say, ' ;:.! read this play so villainously, that the ma 'l4ger told him point blank that it was a mi trahle failure; but on perusing the MSS. him- • T it . discovered all its excellences, and promised to forward its representation on the stage. But b e fore this could be accomplished, the - Duke of w urtemberv's displeasure—for he had sent einis "after es him to Mannheim—forced the poet seek shelter at Frankfort. The _following pic t is deeply affecting : he journey must be performed on foot, for the trifle which 16..uuter had brought to Mannheim could not last above ten days longer, and to hit father he could not apply, since k t Y communication with the fugitive might involve him in his e• The faithful.Streicher would not forsake his companion, It;.Procured about thirty florins from his mother, and, with ''scanty exchequer, the friends started. The journey was and to Schiller, unused to such excursions, exhausting. 7Lehirs,a Darmstadt after a twelve hours' walk, his sleep had 1 unpleasantly broken by the reveille of the drums—a sound 4 "th, after his recollections .of his own position in a military Picky in the Wirtemberg service, he could not help asso ,ing with danger. The following picture given by Hoff- Oster is interesting :—" It was a bright, cheerful morning , Zen the travellers, wearied with their yesterday's walk, re ed their journey. They moved forward slowly, stopping, 'ler a league, to refresh themselves with a little k kirschen ker in a draught of water. At noon they entered a small less for the sake of food than to allow Schiller, who had • o ill before starting, and was very tired, the refreshment a little repose ; but the inn was so noisy, and the 4 aple so rude, that they left' it in a quarter of an hour. 4,a,nt they started for Frankfort, Schier walking ore nY, and the paleness of his countenan ll ce visibly inermeas -441 tr When they reached a little wood by the road-side, he bed he was unable to proceed further, but would try Y means of a few hours' rest, he could still reach r ankfort that night. He lay dosin• to sleep on the grass 4 Older a shadowy thicket, Streicher sitting near him on the ~ of a felled tree, and watching • with anxiety his unfor tunate friend. There lay one of the noblest of poets, who Was soon to be the glory of his country, poor, helpless, ex hausted, without home, without prospects. Sleep took pity r k him —his strength partially recruited, and, with nightfall, the wanderers reached Frankfort." Arrived at Frankfort, Schiller's active mind, talamped by his adverse circumstances, was in 'tantly at work with new creations. "He b alked," observes the Reviewer, " during the !turnings, passing through the crowded streets, in a !dream ; in the evening he shut himself in his apartment, walking up and . down, as „7.as - his custom, while engaged in composition ; .." ( v and then pausing to commit some lines to Dit: Per, apparently even unconscious of the pre sence of his humble friend, who, during these Illoinents of inspiration, was careful to preserve religious silence." After some hesitation, rhiller, having ascertained that the Duke had I •73iven his flight, decided on returning to Mann "elm, where he was fortunate enough to get an ta o . isagement for a year as dramatic poet. Here :`te produced his play of " Court Intrigue and ve," which awakened " a tumult of enthu- Na st , Schiller was himself present during the first night of its r t eforritix,:e. He sat with his eyes rivetted on the stage ; the ion of his lips and the knitting of his eye-brows 'hen anything in the acting went amiss, while the h i .vt arkling of his eye denoted his delight when same favourite , l ,"'ge produced its effect. Not a word escaped him during •7' whole of the first act ; and only at its close he seemed to "lieve himself by the words, " That goes well !" The second , t :t was played with such captivating warmth and truth, that when the curtain fell, the whole audience rose, and broke 'qrtli into a general shout of applause. Schiller was so over -1 'uwered that he rose in return and bowed - to the public, his t jte and bearing expressive at once of just self-estimation, gra titude, and satisfaction. .Such a-glorious moment repaid bins c 't the annoyances of many a weary year. Prom this period Schiller's prospects gradually I'llglitenefl. The German Society conferred :Nil him admission to their body; and the lake of Weimar bestowed on him the honour ;Mc title of Councillor. He soon afterwards re ",loved to Dresden, where he wrote • his " Don -1-arl os ," and the singular romance of the Csh o st Seer." Thence lie Went to Wei -I;tr, and ultimately fixed his abode at . Pla, having been appointed, through the in- Ilitence of Goethe, to the Professorship of His tory in that University. About this time lie 'Harried, and, unlike most poet's marriages, his l 'its a fortunate one, for his wife appreciated iris talents and encouraged hills in their exercise. He 11 W studied and composed with more painstaking assiduity than ever, and, among other able works, Produced his " History of the Thirty Years' War" his magnificent play of " Wallenstein," r'iliels Coleridge has so finely translated. But is end was now drawing nigh. Early sorrow it ., 1 01 privations, together with the exhaustion pro by the incessant strain on his mental fa tOlties, had enfeebled Isis constitution, never vigorous, and lie was seized, at Berlin, 1!110 witnessing the representation of Isis " Wil :4lli Tell," with an illness which in a few months ' i'roved fatal : 41 e had been delirious in the morning - of the day on which died (the 9th of May, 11305), but about four o'clock he fell soft slee_p, from which he awoke i n the full possession of il l:13es : tie knew that his e n d was a t hand, took farewell family . and friends, and gave directions for his funeral. 1 ,, L. 7 le‘ inquiring bow he felt,' the answer was —" calmer and !"- Once he looked up with a gleam of an i m ation, and 'Many things are growing plain 'and Blear to me.' into a ,72_ after be sank again slumber, which gradually deep ii.7l into the sleep of death. He died at the age of forty-five, 41? his faculties were in their full vigour and a long and hiL. 'ant course of intellectual activity apparently. lay before ,3 " Beaumont and Fletcher, and their Contem poraries" is—as may be surmised from the title— s -ritical notice of some of the principal drama tists of the Elizabethan age. The Reviewer tltotnences with some remarks on the Greek irgedians, wherein he speaks of Euripides as h; l .V „ i ng " been seduced by false taste and unsound 4'iosophy." Of' this great writer's philosophy th Otherwise, we say nothing, but we demur to cc ; charge that his plays are distinguished by 21, 4 4 , 18 e taste." His Alcestes, and still more his thi s "ea) are perfectly free from any blemish of sort. Indeed, the taste, as well as the pa- A' s °B 2 displayed throughout them, are exquisite. ao ,,regards the Reviewer's opinions of Beaumont t h_"! Pletcher, and Webster, we think he rates • rather too highly. There is certainly a ster thr,. • . t w ,3 Poetical spirit displayed in the dramas! of the exa. f ormer; but they are constantly guilty of ggeration of character ; their pathos is apt to t;;generate into a sort of flowery, maudlin pret ess o L!. . Ref lu i sentiment ; and their huniour, though arti fi 1 . 1 e4 is still oftener coarse, strained, and We nothing of tl • Ave • • . say t a i BB for't •- v. • -4- th e • • ) was the age ; bur we main tht opposition to their numerous admirers, In the delineation of their characters' they • urchmen, ; ' 0 " I 'o I as 6:.'cle sl/1 06 1 h myad d 3 1 But you! 0! ve in Chures, u t ional n ? H ave )t Paril3 o % o ti l l things tl _,,f Marebi l64l' f frc:c. nti• „ heit Ana t he tea rro poc' the J. • f user' ' q ow' r oibht co uttSo IL 0 a p, :og li -,;„; 0 - a co. , ' t he „ralia ' n o b e i. t ag gro ble J . frail' : t he , P 1 ,, e5 o - fr hf io— . 0 . 0 00 the 0 1 Ca c o me et. t is,„oo o. e Y hl 0 Lceh a a • o ee . to re'' :300nC il t 0 due due 70 4 h e d .. i ~; g 1 gatlribode y pu pos ri os'; 9 ki ,g, , re o do us . orce ric ,; ‘g . f 'dren ° r° d n j old g' t o f obe 3 5 • o j lgo stA tLi bat the rec° -is, 6 Fag °. 2 45, m .s fro lea rn bet' ratl' er 70 Sa' k • • • . -ft LONDON, T'UPSII3A_Vi APRIL 20. 1841 from faney firm from life. vv c3l , v; qdil. re 11y is at aS ate one or two of the sCenes iii hiS Whi,te li,evil . ,"tliqt`(i. is k6teely,a • • "e • • • • page irt oi Ido n.,...., Lrrat uoes not contain 4nstird, overcharged idea, or some gross solecism in point of taste. The " Republic of Texas and its Iteco r _gnition" is a reply to the charge made againSt,t)ie A MOithiri (4OVetninent, of f.t 4 ..k't.n.ed this piiivineei with a Vie* to introduce their own atrocious slave sVSteni there: The Rerfewor WOIA haS been !;11 en A crime; but that the Texans themselves voluntarily besought his assistance in freeing them from the despOtistil tif the Mekitaii rulers, 'details of the proceedings of the first American settlers in Texas; of their rapidly increasing prosperity ; of the injuries they sustained at tie hands of the Mexican General, Santa Anna; of their resort to arms, and ultimate triumphs, are highly curious, and the facts, we suspect, will be new to many of our readers, as they were to us. Of the character of the province, the Re viewer speaks in• the warmest terms of admira tion. We had always till now, thought that it was a country where snakes beset you by land and alligators by water; where muskitos plant themselves on your nose or into the nape of your neck, and sting you till you roar ; and big black ants creep up your breeches, and make more free than welcome, with the calf of your leg. But it seems we were mistaken. Texas is, in reality, pretty free from annoyances of this sort; and as for its scenery, here is a description flattering enough to set a lover of the pic turesque wild with ecstasy : Sometimes closely pressed in by the surrounding forest, the prairie lies like a verdant lake of meadow—forming its bays and creeks amid the darker woodland. More frequently the eye of the traveller ranges over a wide extent of meadow, level or undulating according to the region in which he may be ; some times the horizon is the only limit to the apparently boundless verdure, amid which the noble forest trees are scattered, singly or in clumps, that recal the appearance of an English park; some times the dark outline of the forest is seen in the di-tance, and sometimes it crowns the acclivities which rise from the plain. The whole of these vast fields are covered with the rich prairie gras', or a soft and elastic sward. Amid these the most exquisite flowers are profusely scattered—ever changing with the changing sea son, but ever charming the eye with their rich and brilliant colours. In some parts, the traveller passes over miles of dazzling sun-flowers ; in others, he is surrounded by roses. The prairie is covered with the geranium, the dahlia, the trumpet-flower, the heart's-ease, the lily, the jessamine, the lobelia, and the passion-flower ! The trunks of the trees are festooned with the wild vine and the sober grey of the Spanish moss, over which are often seen, hanging at a vast height, the superb white flower of the magnolia. The fragrance of these flowers is borne to the nostrils by the cool gale that tempers the heat of Texas, and braces the muscles of the traveller of the prairie. The solemn and soothing silence is at intervals broken by the scream of the brilliant parroquet, the song of the mocking bird or the thrush, and the melodious compla4its of the whip poor-will. Ihe deer and antelope rush startled from the groves, and, bounding across the plain,,invite the pursuit of the hunter. It is amid such lands as these that the Texan emigrant fixes his staff, and enters on the enjoyment of a fer tile soil and a lovely home, which the wealthy of the Old World might envy, but which wealth has not yet appropriated to its exclusive enjoyment. " Tracts for the Times, Number Nine ty" is inte resting, as representing the opinions—for the article has a semi-official air about it—of the ()Teat Whig party, on the subject of the Puseyite fieresy. "At no period since the Reformation," says the Reviewer, " was settled, have the main principles, as well as so large an amount of the specific opinions and practices maintained by the Roman Catholics, been so formally, fully, and systematically professed within the Church of England, as by these men." This is strong, de cided language, but it does not, we think, go much beyond the strict facts of the case. In deed, the complacency, and even delight with which Doctor Wiseman regards the recent pro ceedings of the Puseyites, proves that he con siders them excellent allies to his Church. Of the remaining articles, the best are those en titled "On the Rights and Conditions of Wo men," the " Siberian System," and the " Pro gress of Historical Inquiry in France." draw more fren” A -1-%, A NEW CHECK JOURNAL UPON THE PRINCIPLE OF DOUBLE ENTRY. Br GEORGE JACKSON, Accountant. Effingham Wilson, London. A Sixth Edition of this work has just been published, and contains, among other useful trea tises, a new and more simple method of book keeping, which the author calls " Double Entry by Single." This new system contains none of the cumbrous and inconvenient accompaniments of the old Italian system of double entry; it is characterised by simplicity, and by the rejec tion of useless repetitions and unnecessary tech nicalities. Such a simplification was much wanted, in order to get rid of the tiresome drudgery to which young men are subjected in a regular course of book-keeping according to the old fashion. Thd Appendix contains also what is now more than ever wanted—a plan for the more effectually preventing and detecting forgery, fraud, error, and embezzlement. This we can not abridge, and must refer those who are in terested to the work itself. The following ex tract from it we recommend to the attention of all those placed in authority : If you have just grounds for suspicion,—watch ; and if you discover a thief, punish or discharge him ; but let there be no general sweep of character ; let it be confined to the offender solely. Take a solitary view, some half hour, of your own past conduct, and see what remains to be corrected in that. Perhaps you were once a servant yourself. Liberal wages, , and a kind and conciliatory demeanour, will do wonders in preventing fraud. Convince your servants you have their welfare at heart, and you shall seldom find them un grateful ; but a dogged, snappish, and contumelious behaviour, —a constant expression of dissatisfaction at the quantity of la bour performed, which from your own knowledge and experi ence is as much as can be performed by one person, or the goading on of servants to absolute slavish employment, will never gain their love ; they will serve you from fear, but des. pise and hate you in their hearts. Let us afford our servants proper intervals for relaxation from the round of constant toil which encircles them, and for pro per exercise, so that health be preserved and cheerfulness kept alive : it is unfair to abridge them of old-established privi leges, as Good Friday, Christmas Day, Easter, &c. Recol lect, that in your travelling excursions, pleasure and business are combined. Most servants will do their duty if kindly treated and desirous of retaining their situations ; but it is not in the nature of things they can interest themselves so in tensely in your affairs as you yourselves do. When they can be made to feel that you have their interest at heart, depend upon it they will not forget yours. POPULAR EA'CYCLOPiI:DL4 Tawiee, Londosi, 1841. This is the first Number of a series of original elementary treatises, thrilling a Cyclopmudia of - Natural Science, which it is proposed to puidish in quarterly Parts, and wlo.elc is under the super intendence of the Society for the Promotion of Popular instruction. The present Number is devoted to the subject of " Vegetable Physiology," which is treated with simplicity and perspicuity ; while the systematic arrangement of the treatise, and the scientific value of the principles laid down in it, render it an excellent introduction to more comprehensive works on the same subject. As the Society justly observes, in an advertise ment prefixed to the work—" the general reader, who seek: no more than entertainment or recreation, will find it in this volume, in the copious illustrative fitets and interesting collateral information in which it abounds; while to the agriculturist, the gardener, and the domestic eco nomist, it supplies principles and practical appli cations of great importance." COT, IN CLINK 3 V-o Ls. Bentley, London, 1841. As this tale has already appeared in successive numbers of " Bentley's Miscellany," and was noticed in The Snit front time to time as the dif ferent portions of it were published, we need say nothing more on the present occasion than that it is a tale which bears republication, being tersely and vigorously written ; devoid of exaggeration, whether as regards humour or incident, and con structed with no little adroitness. The embellish ments with which the volumes arc illustrated, are from the pencil of Leech, who has the art to ad here to nature in his delineations, without &ge nerating into caricature. THE EARL OF CARDIGAN.—The statement which we have extracted from the Naval and Military Gazette of a recent trans action in the 11th Hussars shows the disposition of a portion of the press to misrepresent every proceeding in which Lord Cardigan is engaged. While we say this, however, we feel bound to express the opinion that the infliction of corporal punishment on a Sunday is an act which nothing could justify but urgent necessity, and that in the present instance no such vindi cation is or can be advanced. If, as our military contem porary says, the course pursued by Lord Cardigan upon this occasion is conformable to custom, the sooner the General Commanding-in-Chief interferes to reform such a custom the better. But if, as we believe, it is an un usual course, it incumbent upon us, and the more so on account of our having constantly defended Lord Cardigan, when we thought him unjustly attacked, to say that his Lordship's conduct in this instance deserves unqualified censure. —Morning Post. • FIRST HACKNEY-COACH STAND —lt was two years before this date (1636) the first hackney-coach stand was established in London. Garrard thus describes it in a let ter to Strafford:—" I cannot omit to mention any new thing that comes up amongst us, thpugh never so trivial. Here is one Captain Baily ; he bath been a sea captain, but now lives on the land, about this city, where he tries experiments. He bath erected, according to his ability, some four hackney-coaches, put his men in livery, and appointed them to stand at the May pole in the Strand, giving them instructions at what rates to carry men into several parts of the town, where all (lay they may be had. Other hackneymen seeing this way, they flocked to the same place, and perform their journeys at the same rate. So that sometimes there is twenty of them together, which dis perse up and down, that they and others are to be had every where, as Waterman are to be had by the waterside. Every body is much pleased with it. For, whereas before coaches could not be had but at great rates, now a man may have one much cheaper." - We perceive that in consequence of the first Drawing Room of the season an opera is announced far Thurs• day neat. THE MISSION OF THE PRESS. The following are the passages in Mr. Carlyle's re cent. Work on I - hero Worship to which we yesterday al hided in the leruPir relanve to the Nottingham Election; but wh ch we were prevented from citiOtlng not having the book at the moment under our hands ; It is clear, however, that with this simple circum stance, facility of gettng books, the whole conditions of Ilia business from top to bottom were changed. Once in *eat printing, you metamorphosed all Universities, or superseded them. The teactitt need net new to gather men personally round him, that he might speak to them whet he knew ; print it io a book, and all learners far and wide, for a trifle, had it each at his own fireside, much mote effectually to learn it 1 Doubtless there arc still peculiar virtues in speech ; even writers of books may still, in some circumstances, find it convenient to speak also— witness our present meeting here I There is, one would say, and must ever remain, while man has a tongue, a dis tinct province for speech, as well as for writing and printing. In regard to all things thi v must remain ; to Unlversities among others. But the limits of the two have nowhere yet been pointed out, ascertained, much less put in practice; the University which would completely take in that great new fact of the existence of printed books, and stand on a clear footing for the nineteenth century, as the Paris one did for the thirteenth, has not vet come 'into existence. If we think of it, all that a University or final higher school can do for us, is still but what the first school began doing—teach us to read. We learn to read in various languages, in various sciences; we barn the alphabet and letters of all manner.of books. But the place where we are to get knowledge, even thee retnal knowledge, is the books themselves, It depends on what we read, after all manner of Professors have done their best for us. The true University of these days is a collection of books. But to the Church itself, as I hinted already, all is changed, in its preaching, in its working, by the introduc tion of books. The Church is the working recognized union of our priests or prophets, of those who by wise teach ing guide the souls of men. While there was no writing, even "bile there was no easy writ ng, or printing, the preaching of the vo'ce was the sole method of performing this. But now with books I He that can write a true book, to persuade England, is not he the bishop, and arch bishop, the Primate of England, and of all England? I many a time say the writers of newspapers, pamphlets, poems, books, these are the real working effective Church of a modern country. Nay, not only our preaching, but even our worship is it not too accomplished by means of printed books ? " Fragments of a real Church Liturgy " and body of Homilies, strangely disguised from the common eye, are to be found weltering about in that huge froth ocean of printed speech we loosely call literature. Books are our Church too. . Or turning to the government of men. Wittelagemote, old Parliament, was a great thing. The affairs of the nation were there deliberated and decided ; what were we to do as a nation ? But does no., though the name of Parliament subsists, the Parliamentary debates go on now every where, and at all times, in a far mare comprehensive way out of Parliament altogether. Burke said there were three estates in Parliament; but, in the reporter's gallery yonder, there set a fourth estate more important far than they all. It is not figure of a speech, or a witty saying, it is a literal fact, very momentous to us in these times. Literature is our Parliament too. Printing, which comes necessarily out of writing, I say often, is equivalent to democracy. Invent writing, democracy is inevitable. Writng brings printing, brings universal every day extem pore printing as we see at present. Whoever can speak, speaking now to the whole nation becomes a power, a branch of government, with inalienable weight in law making, in all acts of authority. It matters not what rank be has, what revenues or garnitures. the requisite thing is, that we have a tongue which others will listen to ; this and nothing more is requisite . The nation is governed by all that has tongue in the nation; democracy is virtu ally there. Add only that whatsover power exists will have itself by-and-by organized ; working secretly under bandages, observations, obstructions, it will never rest till it get to work fro e, unincumbered, visible to all. Demo cracy, virtually extant, will insist on becoming palpably extant. THE WANTS OF ADVERTISERS "I know of no cure so good for the vapours, As reading the wants that appear in the papers." So signs John Perry, and with as much truth as wit. The columns of a newspaper are the outlet for all the crotchets and whims of individuals in this most crotchety of nations. What a person would not think of communicating in confidence to his most intimate friend he goes and publishes to all the world in the newspaper. But then he is hid beneath an impenetrable veil, and has the pleasure of seeing his " want" fully ad vertised without being taunted with the singularity or un reasonablerwss of it. Men let their most violent preju dices have full play in this open field, and the bigot ap pears in his full blaze of glory as an advertiser. Dees the reader want a " case?" The crammed columns of the Times furnish cart loads of them daily, but, to save the trouble of reference, we will take one from last Wed nesday's:— " Wanted, as good cook, in a clergyman's family, a person who values religious privileges. No kitchenmaid kept : no dairy. If any lady can recommend such a per son she will oblige the advertiser." A cook who values religious privileges ! A cat that can play on the fiddle I The religious privileges of a cook are to scold the scullion, snub the footboy, and sell 'he dripping 1 The former are personal rights flowing from the importance and the sanctity of her occupation—the latter is the tithe which she exacts from all the world— that is, all the world that have dinners 1 Cast your eyes a little lower down, and we come to a new want:— " Nurserymaid.—Wanted, a young woman, about twenty_ three years of agP, in the above capacity. She must be able to work welt at her needle, and he a member of the Established Church. Nu followers allowed." Here's a test of religion and morals ! A member of the Established Church, and no followers ! It's plain these conditions wouldn't suit the modest young woman hard by, who wants a situation "as good plain cook, where a footman is kept," This is certainly a very wise and necessary provision where no followers are allowed What would Malthus say of the respectable widow who wants " nurse-children?" What will romantic young ladies and gentlemen say to this : " If Louisa will return immediately to her friends in London she will be kindly received, and alt that has passed will be forgiven.—April 14." How full of mystery—perhaps of misery ; and how many teats may have been shed before this dernier resort— a public advertisement, to bring back an erring child, or wife, or mother, was resolved on No pang, however, we imhgine, accompanied the two following intimations:— "If Miss Ruth Hall, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, does not fetch away her boxes, left at J. Verry's, 18, East cheap, City, in 14 days from this date, (April 14, 1841,) they will be sold to defray all expenses." " I kcrchy givo notice, that unless John Strp.tfced late of De:it:am Menvit, in the parish cf Deuhsni, Bue'ke, Esq., pays my deunmel, and removes within 14 days f.-ore, the date hereof, three greyhound puppies (one dog and two bitches), left with me on the 3d day of September last by his servant, George Hencher, they will be sold to defray my demands, and the expenses attending the same. —Cooper, Elton, Denham Bucks, April 10, 1841.". What outrage against the delicacy of Misc Ruth Hall— what inhumanity towards the puppies of John Stratford Best, Esq. ! Brighton Herald. WINCHESTER.--APRIL 16. (FROM A CORRESPONDENT.) Morton's comedy of The School of Reform was pro duced at our theatre last night, when we were afforded the high gratification of witnessing the only actor now living capable of giving full and perfect expression to the character of Tyke, Mr. Rayner, wbo has been en gaged here for a limited period. This gentleman, it will be remembered, made his first appearance in the same character at Covent-garden immediately after the death of John Emery, and was instantly hailed as the only legitimate successor of that inimitable actor. Mr. Rayner's 'performance last night was as vigorous, as natural, and, in every way, as effective and powerful as it could ever have been. The audience testified their admiration by re-iterated and unequivocal indications of the impression which it made upon their feelings. The applause evidently came from the heart. The house was well attended. Mr. Rayner, we understand, is likely to be enlisted by Mr. Macready among his new company for Drury lane Theatre. It is singular that a performer of such undoubted talent, and who, notwithstanding many dis couragements, still retains no inconsiderable share of popularity among the London play-goers, should not have remained a permanent " fixture" on the boards of one or other of the principal metropolitan theatres. But as old Drury is likely to be once more re-opened, under the auspices of Mr. Macready, for the purpose of holding " the mirror up to nature," and in n manner not unworthy of its former fame, we shall be glad to hail this gentleman and " truly original" actor (as he was once described by Campbell the poet) again in his proper element. THE COTTON CROP OF THE UNITED STATES. The receipts of cotton at the ports of the United States, up to dates averaging the 20th of March, present nearly the same prospect with regard to the ultimate amount of the crop, as those to which we have alluded on one or two former occasions. The following arc the particulars of the receipts up to corresponding dates, in the present and the two preceding years :- 1841. 1840 -1,389 553 1839 996,453 It will be seen that the decrease in the receipts this year, as compared with the corresponding period of last year, amounts to about 278,000 bales ; and, as suming the mil supplies fur each ear to preserve the same relation to each other, tilts receipts for the cur.. rent yer.r will be about 1,735 000 bake. It is right to state, however, that the private accounts by the Caledonia generally concur in representing the crop as not likely to exceed 1,600,000 bales, whilst many reduce it consider ably below that amount. In the four weeks after the 21 st of March, 184 0 , the receipts at the ports were exceed. ingly heavy, amounting to no less than 353,000. bales ; and, unless the arrivals should be proportionately large during the same period of this year, the prospect of the crop, as deduced from the comparative supplies to the ports, may present a very different appearance a month hence.—Manchester Guardian. At the Carmarthenshire Quarter Sessions, last week, there was not a single prisoner for trial ; and the worthy Chairman, in diemissing the Grand Jury, congratulated them on the circumstance, and observed, that they ought. to be thank ful they lived in so peace: hie a county,— Cambrian. HIGH PRICE OF BUTCHER-MEAT. TO TEE EDITOR OF TRE SUN. am alive as much as you and all who denounce our Corn-lawS can be to the great suffering and privaion they entail on the working classes; still I think the hard ship they impose on the middle classes have not been suf ficiently noticed, nor have that class been aware of their baneful effects on &h. Comforts. That they consume a deal of bread there can be 116 dnubt ; but animal food is the most considerable item in the expcbge of such a class, and where there are servants and a large famiiy to !re kept on a limited and moderate income, this article of food hag now become a most grrievous and an almost insupportable expense in housekeeping. How many poor half-pay officers, obliged to keep up a genteel appearance, must feel pinched and totally unfit to make the two ends meet, from the enormous high price of this indispensible necessary of life? And what is all this owing to, what the cause of their bea ing compelled to live on such short allowances ?—The landlords' food-tax, that they may live sumptuously every day, riot and revel in every imaginary luxury, while the rest of the community are made to pay fur it. Unless it be America, there is no couutry in the world where the inhabitants consume so much animal food as vie do, and in no quarter of the gobe is this prime necessary of life sold above 2d. to 3d. the pound ; and but for our bread and provision-tax forced on the people by the landlords them selves, it would not exceed 4d. in this country. Our working classr-s, from the high price of bread and low wages, can sca-c,ly indulge in the use of this necessary in the mi nutest degree, and still there is not a sufficient supply in the country; if there were, prices would not be doubled, as at present. The fact is the supplies of food are not ade quate to the daily increasing population of this country; and although we are surrounded with countries ready to make up our deficiencies, our landlords will not permit it —famine prices only will induce them to allow our neigh bours relieving us with their surplus. This is certainly a cruel situation for the most industrious and, enterprising people on the face of the earth to be brought to, all to enrich a set of idle speadthrifis. Is it possible we can much longer submit to such robberies commiVed on the community by avaricious land lords and other monopoli ts? Can this fine country, with her commerce and manufactures on the decline, with an increasing population, long hold out against revenue taxes to the amount of 40 milli ins, and c'ass taxes, exclusively for the support of landlords and West India- planters, to the astounding sum of 50 millions ? Impossible ! Some thing must be done, and that soon, or we will be driven to extremities. A free trade in corn with the Continent, though much to he dcsired, will net have the good effects we anticipate. Our restrictive laws have set them all to manufacture for themselves ; still I hold were the class taxes on our necessaries taken off we would be more than compensated for the loss of the continental market for our manufactures. lam one of those who have ever thought we were our own cost customers, and if the community wore relieved of these taxes on food and other necessaries, they would have fifty millions to spare for the purchasing of many articles of our own manufacture they under pinched circumstances could not command. Why this alone would be equal to, if not more than all our exports to gether ; hence fresh vigour would be Mused into every de partment of trade and manufacture, and remunerating profits and a corresponding rise in the price of labour would be the result. The working classes would be in more comfortable circumstances, and less use for Poor-laws ; peace and con tentment would rein throughout the country, much to be desired. I will trespass no longer on your patience. I could have said much more on the evil effects of our vile provision and other taxes, but as you have so ably and forcibly exposed them in your liberal paper, it becomes quite unnecessary. I thought it right to give you a hint that by rousing the middle classes to a sense of the true cause of their many privations, you may induce many who i have hitherto been rather lukewarm in the cause to come forward and sign the many thousand petitions now pre- paring for presentation to both Houses of Parliament. I am, a Constant Reader and devoted Opponent to al Taxes on Food, L. Leith, April 17, 1841. CHARTIST INTERRUPTIONS A PUBLIC MEETINGS. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sts,—l observe in The Sun of the 12th a letter, in reply to my former communication, in which the writer, Mr. J. Rainsley, has favoured your readers with a form of amendment, which he says is quite relevant to the proceedings of a meeting, called by requisition to petition for the abolition of the bread tax. His amend ment declares that it is a waste of time to petition the House of Commons as at present constituted, and that the only way of repealing bad laws, arising out of class legislation, is to cause the People's Charter to become the law of the land. Now, without waiting to ask how the Charter is to be obtained if Corn-law Repeal cannot be had, I have no hesitation in saying that such an amendment would be disorderly, and any parties persisting in pressing it against the decision of the Mayor, or other constituted authority who called the meeting, would be liable to be taken into custody. I should be the last man to infringe upon she right of free iiseussion, or to claim any privilege for the middle class which I denied to the poor. Mr. Rainsley, how ever, tries very ingeniously to make it •appear that I am on the side of oppression, because I endeavoured to show that the Feargus O'Connor Chartists (for that is the only party I have to deal with) have set themselves against law and order, as well as common sense, in pre scribing to theMselves the task of upsetting all public meetings unless called to petition for the Charter-J... " Stopping the supplies of public opinion" is I believe the name given to this new mode of agitating for the !suffrage by the youth, Dr. M‘Dottatl, Now, Sir, one of my objects in exposing the disorderly and illrgal course thus recommended, to say nothing of its unmeaning foolishness, was to prevent the honest but ra;h follow ers of Feargus O'Connor from failitr . ; for the third time, into trouble. Phy s i ca l f or ce was the first specific for getting the Charter c it resulted in some hunureds of poor, ignorant men finding themselves in prison-, and saddling us with the expense of an Increase of artily and police. Next came the farce of the sacred holiday, which covered with ridicule its actors ; and now we have another recipe, which, unless the O'Connorites be wiser than their leaders give them credit for, will ex pose them to a repetition of disasters and sufferings. My sympathy for the misguided Chartists is not my only motive for troubling you. I repeat, that I will stand by my right to meet and Proclaim my grievances, and to petition upon any and every subject—a right which I willingly allow to others—and a right which I shall be as little disposed to surrender into the hands of O'Connor, as I was to yield up to his countryman, Castlereagh. I am, Sir, your obedient servant, April 14. AN ANGLO-SAXON. A course of conduct has been adopted by the Spanish Government towards the British sailors emplo3 cd during the late war which would appear very singular, were r! , .t the disre7itan cf the tti'parter& to evoid paying • r‘::t - lyi:;o1, ,l]. ,y (,'sit 'it . ; , id it, tf;n. notorion; to szcito Ivolle•ar. A short timo ago, it m ill l,o Fr!n1;;;; - &1,cred, e diaqouit.7 waz thrown in the way of illo 1231L7s of " ti tulos" granted to the military claims, and an evasive pre text was adopted by the Spanish Government, according to which it was held to be a mere encouragement of usury and oppression to pay those who had purchased " titulos," although they had the sanction of the Government for making their purchase, and the payment of original holders alone was considered to be just. This strange doctrine, al though it found its admirers even in this country, was, how ever, found too untenable to Ee persisted in, and as it was soon clearly seen that the real end of thi: pretended justice was to diminish the number of claims, it was very properly given up- The military " titulos" are there. fore regularly paid, whether presented by the original holders or the transferees, provided the latter have the authority of an endorsealent. With respect, however, to the seamen who were concerned in the same war, and whose services in conveying troops in the steam-vessels and in embarrassing the enemy, were most important, the case is widely different, and their claims are altogether unheeded. Here the distinction is not between original holder and transferee, but all fare alike; and when the instrument entitling the holder to receive the value of his claim, viz., a bill drawn by the former Spanish Ambassador upon and accepted by the Treasury, is presented for payment, it is dishonoured, without any pretext whatever, and tbp consequence is that while the military " titulos" are sold at 70 per cent., these bills only obtain 30. The principle is precisely the same in both cases, and it is said that on the application of one of the, holders, General Alava fully admitted the justice of the claim and referred it to his Government. Nothing, however, has been done, nor has any objection been offered. Indeed, it appears that in the ease of claims on the N- I ninsular Governments the admission of a pinciple by a debtor is little or no progress towards the satisfaction of the claims ; but that to admit, and not to act, is a constant practice.— Times. M ADEMO I SELL E MA RS.—The final retirement of Mademoiselle Mars took place at the Francais on Thur s d a y le a night,mle nHotniirgre which ns hiei:es honoured th the theatre e interesting occasion their Al a j es ti es an d t h e i r Duchess f Nemours and the Prin ces Clementine ° with their presence, thus joining in the parting homage paid by the public to this great ornament of the French stage. The performances chosen for the night for her benefit were Le Misanthrope and Lea Fetuses Confidences, in both of which Mademoiselle Mars, notwithstand ing the emotionasturally arising from her situation, played with nearly as much taste and animation as she displayed a quarter of a century ago in the same characters. The enthusiam of the audience for the retiring favourite was, as might be expected, most vehement, and the bouquets, garlands, and crowns, showered down upon her were beyond example numerous. We must. also add, that several copies of verses were among the valedictory tributes, one of which was read from the stage. The effusion was highly complimentary, which is all we can say of it, for good poetry is unfortunately rare, even when inspired by a Mars. The plaudits, when the great actress appeared for the last time at the call of the audience, accompanied by some of the most distinguished of her comrades, were absolutely overpowering, and by their warmth evidently affected the feelings of the ob ject of them even to her " heart of hearts." The amount received, we learn, was 24,000 f. We are told that, on the last time but one of Mademoisere Mars' appearing on the stage, she was retiring with a bouquet which had been thrown to her, when she met Madame Thenard, the daugh ter of the oldest living actress, and, presenting the flowers to her,d encouraged n t said, "Oyfferthese'in my name, to your mother. and 1 w i s h s h e s hould know that . l forget Gthaearu.na Snh m first success, her at the Close of my career !" Messenger. , D E A T H FROM KNOB. AND SPELL.—On Wednesday last an inquest was Geld at the house of Mr, Joshua Rhodes, White Swan Inn, Birmingham. before M r Jew ison, Coroner, on vie.v of the body of Martha Lister, aged five years. The deceased was on Monday last watch ing her brother playing at kn o r an d s pell, when he acci cleutly struck her on the head with ;he stick, and fractured her skull. She died almost instantly. Verdiet—Acciden dal death. —Leeds Times. - - - The Royal'Society of Female Musicians' Grand Concert, at her :Majesty's Concert Room, Hanover-square, will take place next Friday evening, April 23. LISEg oar his NEW CHILD-SWEET- fl . g A T. BY THO:',IAS CAMPBELL. I hold it a religious duty, To love and worship children's beauty ; They've least the taint of earthly clod— They're freshest from the hand o I God. With heavenly looks they make us sure The heaven that made :hem must be pure. We love them not in earthly fashion, But with a beatific passion. I chane'd to, yesterday, behold A maiden child of beauty's mould ; 'Teas near (more sacred was the scene) The fislace of our patriot Queen. The little charmer, to my view, Was sculpture brought to life anew : Her eyes had a poetic glow__ Her pouting mouth was Cupid's bow, And through her frock I could descry, Her neck and shoulders' symmetry. 'Twas obvious, from her walk and gait, Her limbs were beautifully straight. I stopt th' enchantress, and was told, Though tall, she was but four years old— Her guide so grave an aspect wore I could not al.; a question more— But followed her. The little one Threw backward ever and anon Her lovely neck, as if to say, I know you love me, Mister Grey. For by its instinct childhood's eye Is shrewd in physiognomy ; They well distinguish fawning art. Froin sterling fondness of the heart And so she flirted, like a true Good woman, till we bade adieu! 'Twas then I with regret. grew wild— Oh ! beauteous, interesting child— Why ask'd I not thy home and name ? My courage fail'd me—more's the shame. But where abides this jewel rare, Oh! ye that own her tell me where! For sad it makes my heart and sore To think I ne'er may meet her more. SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. TATTERSALL'S.—( YESTERDAY.) The room was crowded to excess, and business tolerably brisk on the Derby. Coronation was a shade lower thin on Friday at Newmarket, an alteration attributable not to any want of confidence in his party, but to the anxiety shown to back Vat Amburgh, and the improvement of Rosalie and Prir,c,l Carodoc; these horses, The Knight of the Whistle and Eringo, were in great force at the averages quoted below. The Metternich party was not by any means anxious to get on under 20 to 1, and for this race as w, ll as for the, to be decided next week, Eringo, to use a sporting phrase, was " well up" with him. Palremon, Ralph, Mosque, Belgrade, and Arundel, were backed at a fall on last week's prices, and 50 to 1 , each was laid against Lord Exeter's (to win about 20,000/.) and Sir G. Heatlscote's lots. Young Quo Minus sprung from 1000 to 15 to 45 to I, and was in fre quent demand. TliE OAKS.—Mr. Batson's filly was backed in hundreds at 8 to 1, and only a point more offered against Ermen gardie, 10 to I would have been taken. Lampoon and Ghuznee were mentioned, but no price named. The betting on the 2,000 guineas stakes was flat, and the only alteration was in Eringo, who was backed at 3 to I shortly before the room closed.—Latest prices : TWO THOUSAND GUINEAS STAKES. 3 to 1 agst Mr. Ford's Metternich 3 to 1 agst Mr. Thornhill's Eringo 4 to 1 agst Lord AP)emarle's Ralph 7 to 1 agst Lord Jersey's Joachim—taken 15 to 1 agst Lord G. Bentinck's Mustapha—taken 30 to 1 agst Eringo winning this and the Derby ONE THOUSAND GUINEAS STAKES. 3 to 1 agst Mr. Batson's Potentia—taken DERBY. 7 to 2 agst Scott's lot—taken 14 to 1 agst Mr. Ford's two 50 to 1 agst Sir G. Heathcote's lot—taken 50 to 1 agst Lord Exeter's lot—taken freely 17 to 2 agst Mr. Rawlinson's Coronation—taken 11 to 1 agst Lord Westminster's Van Amburgh—t. 13 to 1 agst Lord Bruce's Rosalie colt—taken 14 to 1 agst Mr. Mostyn's Prince Caradoc—taken 16 to I agst Lord Chesterfield's Knight of the Whis tle—taken 18 to 1 agst Mr. Ford's Nlctternich 18 to 1 agst Mr. Thornhill's Eringo 25 to I agst Mr, Greville's Palmrnon—taken 25 to 1 agst Lord Albemarle's Ralph—taken 25 to 1 agst Lord Westminster's Marshal Sou 1 t 25 to 1 agst Mr. Vansittart's Galaor 40 to 1 agst Colonel Peel's Cameleon 40 to 1 agst Mr. Goodman's Belgrade—taken 45 to 1 agst Mr. Ford's Young Quo Minus—taken 50 to 1 agst Sir G. Ileatheote's Mongolian 50 to 1 agst Cal. Crauford's Ermengardis 1000 to 15 agst Lord Orford's Arundel—taken 1000 to 15 sgst Duke of Grafton's Mosque—taken 11 to 1 agst Ralph and Palmmon—taken 20 to 1 agst Belgrade and Arundel—taken 000 to 300 agst Coronation, Van Amburgh, and Ro salie colt—taken 1000 to 100 agst Eringo and Metternich—taken 2000 to 1000 on Coronation sgst Nletternich—taken 2000 to 1600 on Coronation agst Van Amburgh—taken 600 to 500 on Prince Caradoc agst Knight of the Whistle—taken OARS. 8 to 1 agst Mr. Batcson's Potentla....taken 0 to 1 agst Colonel Crauford's Ernicngardis trr, LEGER. 40 to 1 ag,t Lord Westaiinster's Morning Star LATF:ST BETTING AT MANCIitSTEIt—FAMAT. THE CHESTER Cur.—lt was a eery close .rtin at noon for the premiership ; 11 to 1 was freely offered on file field, and 12 to 1 agst Gall pot. However, before leaving, we notioed 60 to 5 booked toice v. Gailipot ; and immediately after 12 to Cwas offered v. The Plover; thns, In otir opinion. Colonel radock's horse is entitled td " the call;" Ttibaleitin rresses both so nearly, that pfollithl, - before the stin rises te.mtirrow he will be made first favourite. We noticed olio dr itiO gentle.; men in the room from the banks of the Mersey. One iljlpt4iiiid much disposed to " get on" Prince Caradoc for the Denby, 14 to 1 was the outside figure. By the other, Tuly and Cdithdy would both have been backed pretty freely, had not the layers Ming fire, "We subjoin the prices as near as We could make them out : TWO THOUSAND GUINEAS STAKES: 3 to 1 ligst Lard Albemarle's ilalphofferod TILE cur. , ...rea CUP, r.V. 12 to I agst Col. Cradock's Gallipet—taken freely 12 to 1 agst Mr. Flintoff's The Plover—offered 12i to I agst Mr. Collett's lubaleain—taken freely 13 to 1 agst Mr. Orde's Queen Bee—take 14 15 to I agst Mr. Goodman's Bedford—offered 16 to 1 agst Lord Miltown's Cruiskeen IS to 1 agst Alajor Hay's Retriever—effered 18 to 1 agst Mr. Ridsdale's Bloomsbury—take 20 18 to I agst Mr. Hornby's Champagne—taken 20 to 1 agst Mr. Griffith's Lugwardine—offered 20 to 1 agst Mr. Price's Tuly—taken 20 to 1 agst Sir T. Stanley's Cowboy—take 25 20 to 1 agst Col. Peel's I-am-not-aware—taken 22 to I agst Sir. Whittle's Humming Bird—taken 25 to 1 agst Mr. Painter's Ernest the First.—t. then off. to 1 agst Lord F. 4 tanle's Rhed9rithe—offered frery 33 to 1 apt Mr. llo:ityri's 'Trustee-00 . . take 40 to 1. 33 to I azst 14;ugh Robin—taken 40 to 1 agst Mr. Smith's Jovial Bathelor—taken The field v. any seven, offered in the old and sterling quar ter; offers to take 50 to 40 Queen lice Beats The Plover. DERBV.—The, Newmarket prices will be the belt cri terion ; 8 to 1 was. offered at noon v. Coronation; 11 to 1 e. Van Arlberglt. HUNTING APPOINTMENTS. Her Majesty's Stag hounds meet on Tuesday at Bolton's Bench ; Wednesday, at Boldrewood, and on Friday at Stoney Cross—twelve. Devon and Somerset Stag hounds, Tuesday, at Hayne, Bishopsympton ; Friday, at Harford, near Dalverton. Mr. Farqubarson's hounds, Friday s at Martin Wood— half-past ten. Pantykendy hounds, Thursday, et Raymond Lodgo --ten. H. H. NNeinesday, at Ramsden Bottom ; Friday, at Laublin Farm—eleven. N. F. H., Thursday, at Brattloy Water, and on Satur day, at Fighting Cocks, Godshill—half.past ten. Lord Portman's hounds, Thursday, at Milton Park— eleven. Craven hounds, Wednesday, at Savernaker ; Friday, at Stipe—ha'f-past ten. THE PLAINS OF I-lUNGARY.—We had heard much of the dull and monotonous character of the great plain of Hungary. We had now a veritable specimen of it before us : for many long and weary miles we drove, ere so much as a cottage made its appearance, and all the while the corn waved on either hand, rank and luxuriant. Yet, singular as to us this state of things appeared, it is but a copy, and an imper fect one, of what prevails elsewhere. There are parts of the country, especially in the great plain of the Theiss, where you may travel an entire day without encountering either the houses or the faces of men ; and all the while your route will be through fields loaded with abundant crops of wheat and rye. Moreover, the customs of the people who occupy that plain are to the full as striking as the external appearance of the country ; and it may be as well if I describe them. The long and fierce wars which Hungary sustained with Turkey, and the expo sure of these open districts to perpetual invasion, first induced the inhabitants to congregate into heaps, and the habits then contracted have never since been laid aside. Accordingly, there are no such things as villages and hamlets, far less de. tached dwellings to be seen anywhere ; but at remote intervals one from another, you come upon towns, towns of the veriest huts, where dwell six, eight, ten, and sometimes as many as thirty thousand peasants together. Hew they preserve order among themselves I do not know, for their Magistrates seem to possess little influence over them; yet they do live peace ably enough ; and, though all are poor and squalid, and filthy to .a degree, there seems to be a perfect indifference to the evils which poverty awl squalor bring with them. They are to a man agriculturists. It is by the labour of their hands that the boundless plains through which you have travelled are cultivated; and the process by which the mighty operation is performed is this : —When the season for plougning and sowing comes round, the males march in a body from their homes. They erect wigwams, or huts, here and there in the fields; and then setting to work, they toil from Monday till Saturday, living on the provisions which they may have brought with them, and sleeping at night in their bivouac. On Saturday they all return to the town, and do not leave it again till Mon day. In this manner the first processes are carried through ; and, when all the feed has been scattered, the people march back to their permanent habitations, there to abide in idleness and filth till some fresh operation becomes necessary. Finally, when harvest is ready, the bivouac is resumed, the women coming forth this time to assist in getting it in. And as the .completion of the sowing season sent them back to town, so, when reaping ends, the lints are abandoned.— Gleig's Hungary. IMPORTANT DISCOVERY.—The National slates that a distinguished mineralogist has just communicated the following fact to the Editor of that Journal, which he con siders most important to the commercial interests of the country :—" A wonderful discovery has just been made in the south of France. It consists of a coal mine of 100 square leagues in extent. The coal obtained from this mine is found to. be superior to the coal produced from the most celebrated collieries in existence. The south of France, Africa, Italy, Spain, and even Great Britain, will derive considerable advan tage from this discovery, and the trade of the Mediterranean will be benefited by itlo an incalculable extent." DISPUTE WITH CHINA. A meeting of the East India and China Association was held, on Thursday last, for the purpose of taking into consideration the late prccecdings in China. The result of the deliberations of the Association was the adoption of a letter to Viscount Palmerston, in which the members express their dissatisfaction at the recent arrangements entered into by Captain Elliot with the Chinese authorities. The letter was signed, on Satur day, by all the houses engaged in the trade with China, and forwarded, in the evening, to London. We sub join a copy of the document : " To the Right Ilon. Lord Viscount Palmerston, her Majesty's Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. " My Lord,—We, the undersigned merchants of Li verpool, engaged in the trade to India and China, ven• tore to address your Lordship on the subject of the in telligence which has reached us by the last overland mail, announcing that a preliminary treaty had been en tered into between her Majesty's Plenipotentiary and the Chinese Commissioner ; and we do so under deep feelings of disappointment and alarm. " In the treaty to which we refer, as officially com municated to the British residents in China, on the 20th of January last, we cannot recognise the fulfilment of any one of the-great and important objects avowedly sought to be obtained by her Majesty's Government in the mission of the formidable armament which pro ceeded to the coast of China during the last year ; nor can we trace in its provisions any thing calculated to afford a prospect of redress for past loss and suffering, or to allay distrust, and apprehension in entering upon new dealings with the Chinese. " We refrain from alluding to intelligence, however worthy of credit, which has reached us from private sources in China, and abstain from speculating upon the nature of the details that are stated to remain to be negotiated ; but we find, in the contents of the circular itself, issued by her Majesty's Plenipotentiary, ample reason for approaching your Lordship with urgent en treaties that her Majesty's Government will not ratify a treaty the avowed and prominent conditions of which arc calculated to degrade the British character in the eyes of other nations, and which cont tins neither that reparation for the past nor that security for the future which the country was led to expect she had a right to demand and was in a situation to enforce. " We have the honour to remain, my Lord, your most obedient servants, Kc._ " Liverpool, April 1(i, 1841."—Liverpool Albion. ELECTIONS IN CANADA. (Extract of a Letter.) In Friday's Globe we gave a full account of the pro ceedings in Canada. We subjoin an extract from a letter swe have received from a correspondent in Montreal : " Of the it members of the Assembly, 71 have been already returned, of whom 5 at least arc Unionists. In all Upper Canada there is not a single opponent to the Union ; In Lower Canada, the opposition are prin cipally members of the French counties. Returns of 13 members arc still to come in, of whom six or seven at least will be supporters of the Union ; in short, there is no fear that Lord Sydenham will have an efficient majority in the house. " As I mentioned in my last, there have been some disturbances at the Lower Canada elections, The acri mony produced by the long antagonism of the two races, broke out when they met face to face at the poll ; and in this county (Montreal) one or two Irishmen were, on the first day of the election, killed by the French Canadians. el he excitement in the town whoa this became known was excessive, and the Irish and English population went to the poll the next day, fully prepared to resist the violence of the French Canadians. The latter, however, took fright, and their member retired, and thus all disturbance was prevented " In the county of Terrebonne the French Canadians came down to the poll in a body of about two thousand, headed by their candidate, Lafontaine, and armed with bayonets, dirks, and loaded sticks. 'They were, how ever, so much frightened at the sight of the English and Irish voters, who, to the number of about six hundred, were on the ground, that Lafontaine retired without a struggle, stipulating only to be allowed to leave the ground unmolested. Some of the knives and bludgeons taken from the French at Terrebonne have been sent to the Government, and they are said to be moat mur derous weapons. " Every effort is of course made by the French party to throw on their opponents and on the Government the odium of the violence at the elections. Nothing can possibly he more unjust, The feelings of both parties are exasperated to the utmost degree. The French, where they have been able, as in the county of Mon treal and in the counties of St. Maurice and Berthier, have committed the grossest outrages ; but wherever there was any considerable body of English or Irish, their superior energy, strength, and courage, gave them the advantage immediately a riot commenced. This party being natural adherents of the British Government, has given a sort of colour to the accusation that the Government have interfered, which would otherwise have been altogether absurd. " In Upper Canada the elections generally have gone on quietly. At Toronto there was no disturbance during the election ; but when Dunn and Buchanan (the Government eendid - ites) were being chaired, a quarrel arose between those forming their procession and the inhabitants of a how() called Allan's Tavern. What was the origin of the quarrel is not very clear, but stones were thrown at the house and the windows broke!), on which shots were fired from the windows, an d one mean killed, and three or four more wounded. T he persons „ h e: were in the house have been arrested , and tile ttiattc° is undelezoing judicial investigation. It is the only case in which firti-arms have been resorted to. In another county there has been a disturbance, in which the p6l.A.Yooks and writ were destroyed, but no lives, I believe, Icet. " Hitherto the military have been kept almost en• tirely out of the elections. They were called out in St, Maurice and Berthier, in the former by the Go vernment candidate, in the latter by the Opposition candidate. In no case, however, have they been re quired to fire. In Quebec the election is now pro ceeding with the greatest, industry on both sides ; voters have been sent for from this piece, and are gone down. That election, however, and all others, will be over before the middle of next week. The latest Upper Canada elections must have closed yesterday, although the returns have not arrived here ; but in Lower Canada there is no limit. to the duration of the elections, the proceedings of which are governed by the ell la.vc, aria cot 17 the Unien which appears the likel y of any yet presented to the COAL MONOPOLY.--i-e project is or, foot, 1 and at the same public, to get rid of the eon, . is to the naviga time, to remove the existing impedimu:. onopo Thames tion of the Pool—.we allude to the propose,.. • Coal and Steam Dock and Railway CoMpany, *hien only seems to be most useful, but also a practical Eltid pro. fitahle undertaking, avoiding the errors of those who have projected similar schemes at too great and too small dis tances from London. Up to Woolwich, from the sea, the Thames is wide, and the navigation unimpeded ; hence, if a Dock and Harbour be made opposite Woolwich, vessels may enter and discharge immediately ; and then, as a very cheap railway may be built from the Docks to London, a vast saving of time, diminution of labour, preservation of bulk, and economy of expense will be ensured. A MISAPPREHENSION.—The Commerce con tains the following anecdote a proms of the fortifications of Paris:—" At a soiree given at the Tuileries prior to the passing of the Bill, relative to the fortifications of Paris, an exalted personage, having perceived amongst his guests a person of distinguished appearance wearing several decorations, determined not to .lose so favourable an opportunity for securing a vote for his favourite pro ject. The conversation was long, or rather the mo nologue, for the exalted personage alone spoke, and spoke elo quently, upon the advantages to be derived from the fortifi cations of Paris. The person so addressed took the opportu nity of apause in the conversation to express his regret that he dill not belong to the Peerage, as in that ease he would have voted for the project. What., Sir,' wa s the reply, ' y arc pot. a Peer of France ?' and th e e xalted persona iipassed (u but he took the p recaution of i n forming himself, through the aide-de-camp o n dut y , before he again entered into conversa tion,n in order that he might not uselessly expend his eloquence. Commodore Sir Charles Napier, K.C.B , has arrived in England trout ;Malta, and will reach his seat Ilittr ehistoun Hall, Horndean, on Monday or Tuesday next. 'F he gallant officer will not return to the Mediterranean, but suc ceed Rear-Admiral Ross in the command the Pacific. On the arrival of the Oriental, steamer (in which the Commodore came home passenger) ;it Liverpool, he was invited to a Public dinner, to be given in honour of his ex ploits on the coast of Syria, which invitation he accepted, a aid the dinner, it is un derstood, takes place to-day. A simile r testimony to his gal lantry awaits him here; as we have been requested to state that arrangements are making to invite: him to a public dinner at Portsmouth, perfectly distinct from all political considera tions. —HampaMre Tetegraph. LOG OF THE CALEDONI A..—The following extracts from the log of the Royal mtLil steamer Caledonia, on her outward passage to Halifax, will st tow the severity of the storm on the 12th and 13th ult. rch 12, lat. 4'7. 10., hail 3 a 9 t fresh gales and squally, with showers of 8, strong and show ers, wind veering and hauling; at noon, strong breezes and heavy rain; up foreyard and set the foresail ; wind hauling- to the southward. ; hard gales avid heavy rain ; in fore arm]. aft sails ; the wind sud denly hauling round, and increasing •to a perfect hurricane ; kept. the ship away before the wind; could not attempt to take in their foresail. At 5 the foresheet broke, and the sail blew to pieces ; rounded the ship to the 'vim' with tarpaulings in the rrezen rigging. At 8, hard gale gs and heavy squalls, thun der,sq, I,IIS, w ith showers of hail ; lightning, acid rain, with a t remcndous sea ; stove th e gale shi starboard quarter boat, and carried. her away. Midnight, hard gales and heavy squalls. March 1: 3, lat. 46. 30., long. 41.4.0. —A.M., hard gales aiftlath.:attiaryd g heavy sea running. r. • ales an d h eavy squalls,. with P pitching heavy ; snow showers; heavy he.ad . carried away the jibboom to 2earn, that the petition now selll.l.idng.thtB;continuing, with heavy snow squalls. in course of signature in tlois city for a total and immediate We are gratified repeal of the Corn-laws, had, last night, 22,000 names attached to it. When it is considered that that great number of signa tures had been obtained in ►)ne w eek, it must be evident that the inhabitants of Edinburgh hays at last become keenly alive to the enormous magnitude of the evil of taxed food.—. Edi nburgh Chronicle of Saturday, The adoption of the Turt,`l police force in the eastern division of the co' anty of Sn ssex has driven such a host of thieves and vaga ,bonds into t he western division of the county, that in sel f.defence the magistrates will be compelled ;to institute a rural police force, to rid them selves of the nuisance., c.. ,Herald* MORNING EDITION-. JOHN OF VICEIZA. In the early part of the 13th century, the ItA:ion re publics were involved in a series of civil ware, the im mediate * cause of which is now lest in obscurity. So• frequent, indeed, had been these appeals to arm 3, and so familiarised were men to violence and bloodshed, that contemporary historians did not deem it necessary to do more than indicate their occurrence, without as signing their motives or informing us of their remits. The animosity of the two great parties which had for :len tunics divided the Italian states into Guelfs and Ghibel lines, was at that period at. its height. Two contending claimants of the imperial throne bad recently made that unhappy country the seat of war, while the ambi tious priests who filled successively for short periods the pontifical chair, unmindful of the paternal character which they had assumed, incited to new contests a people addicted to strife and ungovernable in their re sentment. Added to these prevailing causes was the jealousy which existed between the nobles and citizens', producing in many instances bloody cominotionl, which, whether resulting in the exclusion of the nobles from participation in the government, or in their 1.15 UN potion of supreme authority, left the seeds of suspicion and hatred to engender new discussions, violent and in terminable. In Lombardy, all these causes existed in their most aggravated form, and operated, perhaps, with nut the less effect that the famous Lombardy League, formed at a juncture when they were menaced by the imperial arms, had restrained for a time the violence of passions which it could not suppress. At this period a number of Dominican monks, whose unhappy office it had been to arouse the populace to the pers , ention of the unfor tunate Albigenses, bethought themselves of an employ ment more worthy of their religion, and commenced those exercises which were long known in Italy as " the preaching of the peace." Severe in their morals, and practised in austerities, they had acquired a reputation for sanctity well fitted to promote their laudable designs. Among those engaged in this noble undertaking no one was more distinguished than John of Vicenza. He commenced his preaching at Bologna in 1233, with emi nent success. The citizens, the neighbouring peasants, and especially the soldiers, attracted by bis eloquence, assembled in crowds around hint, and, displaying their crosses and their banners, seemed equally pre pared to receive the precepts and obey the orders of the preacher. Among this multitude moved by his discourse, all those in Bologna who had en tertained any enini(ies were seen coining to lay them a: his feet, and swear perpetual peace with their former foes. The 111 , gistrates themselves, actuated by the same impulse, submitted their laws to his revisal, en treating that those statutes might be annulled, which could give rise to furture dissensions. .Proceeding ter Padua, the municipal authorities came out to meet bins at many league; distance, and conducted him in tri umph into tl:e city, sewed on the sacred car. The as sembled populace heard with transport the " preaching of the peace," and applauded those reconciliations which effaced for the instant the animosities of year:. Thus he visited, with uniform success, the prin cipal cities of Lombardy, everywhere reconciling ene mies, and everywhere haled as the"healer of breaches." Nur was it in the republican towns only that he was received in this character. The nobles submitted their differences with equal confidence to his arbitration, mid the whole population of Lombardy prepared to assist at a solemn assembly which he had convoked in the plain of Paquarra, on the banks of the Adige. Never had a nobler enterprise been undertAken (as re marked by M. Sismundi, whose relation of this ex traordinary passage we follow) than that of recon ciling twenty inimical States by the mere inspiration of religious sentiments—by the simple influence of Chris • tianity—by the unaided power of language. Never bad a grander spectacle been presented to the eyes of men. The ent're population of Verona and Mantua, of Brescia and Padua, and of eight of the priocioal cities of Lombardy, surrounded by their respect4e 3 magistrates, assembled under their national standarose while a numerous company of bishops and nobles anpeareil at the head of their vassals. From a lofty scat elevated in the midst of the plain the voice of the preacher was distinctly beard by every individual of that vast assemblage, and might well seem to their heated imaginations to descend from heaven. His text was the affecting bequest—" My peace I give unto you — my peace I leave with you." With an eloquence tile then unknown, he drew a frightful picture of the mise ries of war ; he described the spirit of Christianity as a spirit of peace ; and in the name of God and of the Church, he commanded the Lombards to renounce their enmities. He then dictated to them a treaty of universal pacification, which was to be cemented by the union of families once inimical, and devoted to ever lasting malediction those who should violate this ami• cable adjustment of differences. Such was the success which attended the preaching of this apostle of peace, that for a time a universal cessation of war rewarded his labours ; and one of the treaties formed under his auspices, still extant, and which contains scarcely any othe r condition than that of mutual forgiveness of injuries, has handed down to posterity the name of John of Vicenza with an edit', as singular as it is enviable. RAILROADS AND PROFESSIONAL FEES. The opening of railroads in different parts of the country is giving rise to a great alteration in the rate of charge made by medical men of the first eminence for visiting patients in the country. Sir Uhtirl•s CLrke, Sir Henry Halford, Sir Benjamin Brodie, and other medical men in the various departments of the profes sion, have had one uniform established rate of charge, which is rendered inapplicable by the existing .stare of circ umstances. Amongst this class in the prOfession, the practice has for years prevailed of charging one guinea per mile whatever has been 4he dis tanae of the journey. As the same distance now can be performed by means of the railroads within one-third of the time formerly required for that purpose,it is manifest that considerable reduction ought to take place. Some of the most eminent in the profession have already de clined to take fees calculated upon this principle; and it is understood that a conference of the heads .of the profession is about to take place, in order that a settled system may be established, having dub 'regard 'to the rights of the profession and the interest of .the'patieet. It is generally thought that a rate of charge according to the time employed will be a more just standard than that of the distance travelled, and it is said if' live guineas per hour should be fixed upon as the.runount of remuneration for the heads of the profession, instead one, gninet,..). per mile. it will sCcurc; remu ne ration for their time acti.-4iy patients re3iding within e moderate di , •ettlee-el roads will be able to avail theraGe lves of th 6 first-rate professional a dvice at one-third less charge, than they obliged to pay. This is as it should be. w lt e dividing the benefit tO be de wreillfohramv -ived from the cistabL , liment of , railroads equally he ' profession and the It would be no tween t... . nplied to the rrentle me principle were ee:illlYe effect of di harm if the m en of the loci; robe :meg into the cou.ntry upon special t iners The fec'., wla;:1) were an itdeq,:ate retuunc re a •- ration for a distinguished ernaeoent of his professionold to journey to Liverpoo l to conduct A Cause,. when le l ie system of travelling prevailed, might admit' of ithate. ment in proportion to the abridgment of time wbicli railroads create,—Observer. CHUBB' "I met a S PATENT LOCKS (From. rtties Mogozioe for April.) etacksman coming down the strand, • -' Who said, ' A huge cathedral, piled of stone, Stands in a elturehvald, ncitr St. 111artio's-le-Grand, Where keeps St. Paul his ~a,:crdotal throne. A street runs by it on the northu;!rd• The'' Inc cab and luis, is writ 6 No Thoroubhfare '' The 11 layer and Councilmen .do so comma 4 ; And in that street a shop, with many a bot:f Upon whose sign these fatal words I szanned : My name is Chubb, that makes the Patent. Locks ; Look on my works, ye burglars, and despair.' . Here made he pause's ie one who sees a blight - Crush all his hop, and.sighed, with drooping ai r , 6 Our game is up, my covey:blow me tight ! " _.... ......:—....--.................. ---- - _ .t _ _.. - = --• ..--= -_ _ ._. - . ALARMINGr AND DAN' :rific sensation . I 'On OCCUR-. c A i l t o y n b il ‘ aY last 1 ita report which circulated at railroad speed that a " mad bull" ar running loose x, rout w the streets. The facts were these : —A Scotch ox, which hat lri-t7e?l tlir the ough ev o e u n t ing th o e f been recently purchased by Messrs. J. and W. Marlow, of the Butcher -row, became suddenly infuriated by the wort.) lug of some mischievous boys, whilst being driven in front of their slaughter-house towa ds their tields, and leaped the rails which separate the beast market fro m the foot way near the Council Chamber , r, a n d , getting still more furious there, he began bellowing and p e rson who chanced to cross his path . A nning at ev little boy named Ott tt narrowly escaped being gored, by g r o wing 'himself • into the water, and remaining there till the ani mal had P aned ° ll '. A man in Winchester - street was the next to feel . the effects o f his desperation; he was ear _yr i a lar ge tity of straw on head, when the ox rad:ih h i m , d nk n ocked him down an with great violence. The 't. Edmund's next attack w as n Church street, on a Saun d ers,iwho. was and woman named _ gored severely, after being several times tossed, was at length thrown on ape r at the door of Mr. W. Payne, and h er face was a scraper muc i 1 injured. She was taken w up in a se nse l ess state and conveye d home . Several other persons were attacked, but fortunately escaped. On reach ing the corner of Bedwin-street the ox attacked a man, who successfully resisted him for some time, but was at length overpowered and dreadfully mangled; the calf of one leg being lacerated . in a frightful manner, the horn of the ani mal penetrating it and tearing the muscles so as to render it necessary to carry him immediately to the Salisbury Infirmary. A lad who was next attacked, escaped only by jumping over the church y ard wall. The fury of the animal here exceeded all bounds; he seemed to have de termined to victimize the lad, and for several minutes made every possible attempt to leap over the wall, but without success. Be then ran off at full speed to the Green Croft and attempted to leap the chain fence, but jumped against it, snap pin, the posts short off , altho u g h about six inche s i n ,d i a meteN He then made away up the London-road, and stopped all night in a field at Ford. It being found impracticable to bring him back to Salisbury he was sliot on the following morning. The un f or t una te woman Saunders is fast recovering, and, except to the hays by whom the animal was teased in the first instance, no blame can he attributed to any one.—Salisbury Herald. HIGH WYCONIBE, SATURDAY, APRIL 17. —The failure of Mr. Rumsev. solicitor of this place, under sheriff for the county during a panic here. His liabilities are reported to be about 40,0001., and we regret to say that many partiei.who had deposited pro perty in his hands will be nearly fumed by the circumstance. If r indsor Express. "W 7 At*