The Sun. — London, England, 1841-11-11 00:00:00

EVENING SUN 13, Great Marlborough-strett. ORDERS fur HOOD'S COMIC ANNUAL for 1842, with numerous Illustrations by the Author and Mr. Leech, are requested to be sent to the various Book sellers before the 15th inst., to prevent disappointment on the dnr of publication. Henry Colburn Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street. Just ready, in 2 vols. small Bve., with portraits of Admiral Stopford and Commodore Napier, and other Illustrations. NARRATIVE OF THE LATE EXPEDITION TO SYRIA. Under the Command of Admiral Sir Robert Stopford, G .C.8., &c. By P. HUNTER, Esq. Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlboroug,h-street NEW WORK ON THE EAST. FJust ready, in YEAo,with numerous illustrations, IVE RS IN INDIA. BY HENRY EDWARD FANE, ESQ., Late BY to_hisExcel!ency the Commander-in- Henr Chief in India. y Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street. ~** Orders received by a ll Booksellers. Now ready, in 2 Vols. , post Bvo., with numerous Illustrations , by Le ec h, &c., incl uding several fac-similes of rare and unique old Prints, AILERRIE ENGLAND IN THE OLDEN Or, PEREGRINATIONSTIME; with UNCLE TIM and Mr. BOSKY, of LITTLE BRITAIN, DRYSALTER. By GEORGE DANIEL. Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street, Publisher in Ordinary to her Majesty. S Al AJ F. sTy the EMPEROR of AUSTRIA, His MAJESTY the EMPEROR of RUSSIA, ha ting AUTHORISED and GUARANTEED several DIS TRIBUTIONS of MONEY DIVIDENDS, which (though '3 7 are NO LOTTERIES) oler many possibilities of obtain 'ng LARGE FORTUNES, HEINE BROTHERS, at HAMBURGH and at LUBECK, ,re now SELLING ORIGINAL BONDS for the said DlS iltißU PIONS. Persons desirous to purchase for the Next Distributions receive, PREVIOUS to giving any orders, the PRO oier us an d PARTICULARS, upon addressing a line to HEINE BROTHERS. _ vr 10The ENDS of NEXT AUSTRIAN DISTRIBUTION contains DI -425,000 £6OO £llO £7O 5 ,000 400 100 60 1 .500 200 90 50 ' l ,OOO 150 80 Sterling. r T T .... 800 120 61EINE BROTHERS having remitted during a short time [ 4 , 4 ", a 1 ., 18,000/., 9,000/, 5,0001., 3,600/., &c. &c. &c., to b u ll b rik ; 3,600/.. 800/., and 7001., to Edinburgh ; 3,6001. to 1_0,, I !; 3,6001. to Beverley; 3,600/. to Halifax ( Yorkshire); ...._ ll . to Portleaven Harbour ; 900/., 700/. and 600/. to Li -9 ° 01 ; 900/. to Newcastle-upon-Tyne ; 9001. to Hull ; t;„:, and 6001. to Manchester ; 700/. te East Retford (Not ' Vlmshire); 6001. to Bideford ; 600/. to Cork k 600/. to 'th e ° l'd ; they shall feel glad to remit many Dividends of to pxtDistribution to England, Ireland, and S'cotland. t o treet f D or Prospectus and Particulars, without delay, either HEINE BROTHERS, at HAMBURGH, or to HEINE BROTHERS, at LUBECK. ilt---- Mansion House, Oct. 25, 1841. U ' v DER ROYAL, COVENT GARDEN. the MANAGEMENT of MADAME VESTRIS. THIS be rte d e '• m EVENING, NOV. 11, w `Ct Opera of NORMA.—Pollie, :Mr. e • tatt arrisonepea Fla ß usvi, Mr. Clement White , Oroveso, Mr. Pr ••' Adalgisa, Miss Rainforth ; Clotilda, Miss Grua ; lap ° "rata by Miss Adelaide Kemble :(her fifth appearance l l,the E ng li s h St age ). Ni A iii` r , t er which will be repeated, the NewiFarce entitled THE s i . OO. ,uNG MAN..--Sir Bryan Beansex, Mr. Bartley ; Beech- Mr. Charles Mathews ; Simon Tack, Mr. Harley; IP Miss Cooper Patty Smelt, Mrs. Humby. easz i „" 3 to he opened at half-past Six—the performances to 1 i t t epee at Seven. Dress Boxes, 7s. ; Second Price, 3s. 6d.; Ir id Second Circles, ss. ; Second Price, 2s. 6d. ; Pit, 35.; 13, 3 -°44 Price. 23. • Gallery , Is. Tickets and places for the till " t . to be taken Of Mr. Grogan at the Box-office, from Ten pri:t'utir, where Season Tickets may be had upon application. 167 ate BOXC3 to be had solely of Mr. Andre ws, bookseller, New Bund street ow, The School for Scandal, with The Critic. ER AOYAL SURREY THEATRE. THE MANAGEMENT OF MR. DAVIDGE caic AND MR. WILLIS JONES. . 47 ely the Last Week of Ducrow's Stud of Horses and the Equestrian Company. THIS EVENING. SOY. 11 will THIS aeted EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE, em 4'', g all M r . D uerow ' s magnificent Stud of Forty Horses, v,t7l "Y-ti ned Plfreys, Fairy Pollen, Equestrian Troop, and ilyaiiies of both Theatres. 1.,, 1t er which, GRAND SCENES IN THE CIRCLE, in the gest Arena in the World, in which Madame Ducrow, Sig- J 4 :. - Hillier, the Great American Rider, the British Horseman, ''6rior Felix Carlo, and the First Artistes in Europe will appear. P ro conclude with TIMOUR I'HE TARTAR, with Grand Battles, &c., Horse and Foot. ROYAL VICTORIA THEATRE, THE DIRECTION OF MR. OSBALDISTON. 4ti • nn ed Succession of Novelties, and second week of Two or, —gitial Domestic Dramas of g reat and powerful interest. mill : , THIS EVENING, NOV. li, performed a New Domestic Drama , called THE AG R e k K •,8 et 1? ' THE HEART: OR, THE STORYHenr OF 'RIMROSE.—Wm. Norwynne, Mr. Dale; y, • eam an Il er • ~A ; Old Pr i mrose , Mr. Cullen ; Ralph, Mr. Gard. — gnes Ail s ' Vincent, the acknowledged Heroine of Da. Dra i ma . cie" Which a New Domestic Drama, entitled KATTY 1/1.-IIIEL, the' FOLLOWER of the FAMILY. O'Dwyer, 4 kr;, e ale ; Augustus, Mr. Seaman; Guyton Gray, Mr. To ; and Katty O'Shiel, Miss Vincent. trw ./,,."lude with ROBERT MACAlRE.—RobertMacaire, 4o war _,/ • Saville; Jacques Strop, Mr. Gardner ; Pierre, Mr. t oz ; Fr e d er i c k, M r. S eaman; M ar i e , M rs . L ee . 1 111 ) . , ", ls.— Gallery, 6d. Half-price to the Boxes ,to.ttt Elalf-past Eight. te tt ~I4OrrOVV, Wreck of the Heart, Katty O'Shiel, and eaire. „, "ME RAILWAY SUN. 4°2 ' o E.--A New Edition of the RAILWAY SUN is NOW PUBLISHING. P icl.E CHINA SUN, AND THE PA RLIAMENTARY SUN, ARE STILL ON SALE, PRICE SIXPENCE EACH. St io , Nov. 10, 1841. it kir co TO CORRESPONDENTS. win I :respondent, who writes from Longton Potteries, lc c h,„ . , t °*.or to Th e S un , he will find that we acknow ticr on the sth i ns t. th e re ceipt of his communica that it appeared at full length on the 9th. ao WEATHER.—NOON, NOVEMBER 11 . 11ta114-I:ALIA:RV OF SCIENCE, ADELAIDE - S TREET. aro GALLERY sHighest 5l I . L et " 80.25. 1 - W —ind S.W.— Free zingowest Point 22 Deg. 11 ° 41 0,.. _ .. " A IrEE AT LONDON BRIDGE TO.BIOR ROW ''' ' 46 Minutcs after 0 Evening 6 minutes after 1 . Th e p ullwea, ti °n of the Evening Edition of THE SUN corn 'nenced at 10 minutes atter Three. THE QUEEN. skis,,v following bulletin of her Majesty's health su e d this morning : " Buckingham Palace, << Tl Nov. 11, 1841, Half-past Nine, A .M. Queen has passed an excellent night. on wel 7 Majesty and the infant Prince are going " JAMES CLARK, M.D. CHARLES LOCOCK, M.D. ROBERT FERGUSON, M.D. RICHARD BLAGDEN." . _ :T h T HE QUEEN DOWAGER. l e4 o e Queen D owager rema i ns i n a s t a t e o f grea t it .; e neSS) but her Majesty is suffering less from' ti-Ett ian and fever than during the last two days. " W. FRED. CHAMBERS, M.D. c e , DAVID DAVIES, M.D. 'Udbury Hall, Nov. 10, 1841." lir e is .- tuit alluded on. Monday to the increasing diffi ise 3r o O f Procuring subsistence as population . !In -411;1%8' as a permanent cause which coat t I- N t T ee Ps down warres to the lowest possible that at which labourers can live ; and we showed 414 i t was only by successive inventions of tt thatil"ery and improvements, that the operation ut ' th cause was counteracted, and the wages tor it ' ° ur, with the standard of reward for labour, 1ic1 1 11111 , 311 37 raised. If these two causes balance kil °ti ler, the condition of the labourer may be or e ted to remain stationary ;if the difficulty the Curing subsistence be the stranger, then - tillual°4dition of the labourer will be con teas IY deteriorated, know and he will only bets h ave f comparative prosperity after his num it e ll a " been thinned by death and pestilence. Illagteeessive inventions and improvements ove lab our th e difficulty, then the condition of the iffi e ,.. r , er ought continually- to improve. If the eQ utto 4it3r b e as great as it is described by the ill b rtli sts, all struggling will be vain, and it 44 _e the duty _ of leosislators to study how they 410 st conveniently keep down population. ..,1 :..., ,ft. till ' ... *- C • . . -.-, 0 ,1 0, ,N 4 ..„ , 3 .. zi-,Sit " - 4 , , O ' i• - •;IC , ViLV 7 t je ......, _ ......7......_ _, I fra. ......, _.__ LONDON: THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 11 , IS 41. If MALTHUS and some of his followers be rip,:ht, the renowned MARCUS, with his plan of painless extinction, will not be far wrong. The great question to be decided is, whether successive inventions and improvements conse quent on an increase of population, balance, or are inferior to the difficulty of procuring sub sistence caused by that increase ? We must take a long view, and compare man in his earliest known stage of existence with man in his pre sent condition, to arrive at a just conclusion. Every society hitherto known can be traced back to barbarism. It was rude and half savage when its history began, and prior to that its tra ditionary accounts represent it as isolated fami lies of savages. Although there be suffering and destitution among some classes at every period, the worst provided member of civilised society is no worse off than were the naked and savage progenitors of mankind. The savage has, and always had, great difficulty to subsist himself and his family, though the woman la boured as much as the man. Something more than barely support themselves they were able to effect, or society could not have in creased; but it was very little, and in the earliest known periods of history society increased very slowly. At present the labour of civilised man sustains a great many more persons than the labourers. The great and the increasing number of opulent idlers who are maintained in every ci vilised society is an unanswerable proof that inven tions and improvements have overmastered the difficulty of procuring subsistence, caused by the increase of population, and that as people have multiplied on the earth, so subsistence has be come more abundant. The United States, and our colonies of New Holland and New Zealand, afford a striking illustration of this progress. Over these vast coun tries only a few savages roamed a few centuries ago, and had the greatest difficulty in procuring subsistence; at present they are comparatively crowded with civilised men, and millions live in opulence and ease, where only a few naked savages roamed. Science and art enable man, as the race multiplies, to overcome that difficulty which Mr. MALTHUS mistakingly described as insuperable, and each labourer in a civilised com munity produces much more than enough for himself and to perpetuate his race. We arrive at this conclusion, by comparing the earliest known condition of society with its pre sent condition; but, in all the intermediate stages, there have been continual oscillations. Society has not steadily advanced from destitu tion to abundance ; but sometimes destitution, and sometimes abundance, has got the upper hand. Great discoveries or great inventions, or the application of old knowledge to new lands, combined with seasons of tranquillity, have, at particular periods, sprcad wealth and prosperity through a community ; and then again have come periods when there was no opening for enterprise—when all places and employments were crowded with applicants—when the com munity lived fully up to its resources, and dis comfort, poverty, and decay, took the place of opulence and prosperity. These oscillations, however, have not, in the long run, altered the general rule, which has been, on the whole, to advance from comparative destitution to compa rative plenty ; though at every period the pres sure on the means of subsistence has been felt, and has been the stimulus to every improve ment. It is, however, on the whole, clear—from the many conveniences and luxuries enjoyed by civilised man, from the leisure of some and the idleness of others, from the number of persons who can devote themselves to unproductive oc cupations or amusements, who are multiplying every year—that as society advances, the power of labour becomes more productive, and the re wards of labour ought to be greater. Why are they:not ? Why do the wages of agricultural labour continue always about the same, namely, just enough to keep the labourers in existence ? And why do not the wages of artisans rise as their skill increases ? This is the real question for the labourers to consider, before they ex press dissatisfaction with machinery. As the difficulty of procuring subsistence diminishes as society advances, how is it that the labouring classes, who produce all the wealth of the world, have so very small a share ? The answer to this question is to be found in another fact. The land was all violently appro priated at an early period; those who appropria ted it made slaves of the labourers; and all their political contrivances, ever since, have been in tended to keep the working classes in slavery. The labourers of Europe have sprung from an en slaved class, and they have only bettered their condition as they have escaped from bondage, by engaging in new arts, not under the control of the landowner. At present the recently eman cipated slaves in the West Indies, according to the statements of various writers, get good wages, because their numbers are comparatively few, and their former masters are not exclu sively their law-makers. The statutes to keep down the wages of labour, cannot be passed year after year, and c entury after cen tury, as they were passed in England as the serfs were gradually emancipated, and so wages are high ; but the European labourers may get a correct notion of the mode in which the rate of wages was gradually settled in Europe, by look ing to the state of society in the West Indies. Let them suppose the masters of the emanci pated slaves endowed with an exclusive privilege of making laws, and possessing the whole land of the colonies. If the negro race multiplies, as human beings always do when food is plentiful, they must soon be at the mercy of their masters. They will bid against one another for food, the means of obtaining which is all in the hands of law-makers whom they are accustomed to re spect and obey, and under the pressure of that necessity they will gladly accept in return for their labour the smallest quantity of subsistence on which they can sustain life. Thus it is not merely the pressure of population on subsistence which keeps down wages to the point at which the supply of labour required by landlords and capitalists can be reared, but that pressure, com bined with an early and forcible appropriation of the land by those who make the laws, and who always study their own interest and advantage. These are the general principles which deter mine the rate of wages. On the whole, the ap propriation of land, and the laws for maintaining the power of the landowners, remain nearly the same, but the pressure of population on subsist ence continually varies as the seasons are abun dant or otherwise, and as the population comes up to or falls below the supply of food. In the main, therefore; it is the difficulty, more or less, of procuring subsistence at any given moment, which determines the amount of wages. It is clear if the landlords could not limit the supply of the means of subsistence, the ancient appro priation of the land and their power of making laws would no more avail them to keep the la bourer poor and dependent, than the power of the landowners of J amaica would answer i the same end if their emancipated slaves could all easily find a new home the landowners, Domingo. T e a number of pretexts, great object latterly, therefore, of under lnSt. has been to limit the supply of the means of s u b s istence. Corn and pro vision laws accordingly forbid free im p ortation ; there is a palpable scarcity of food • population de labourers are numerous in comparis on to the presses severely on the means of su bsistence ; the mand for their services, and to the quantity of food by which those services are to be paid; and hence, at this moment, and not because of ma chinery—which would enable our people to buy food from America in cheap abundance —employ ment is very scanty, and wages very low. When the population has been starved down to the means of supply, which are in the landlords' hands, when two or three fertile seasons inter vene, then again, and not till then—unless the law which limits the supply be altered—will em ployment increase and wages rise. Having thus, at greater length than we wished, explained what we consider the causes of low THE StlN, LONDON, THURSDAY, NOVEMBER. 11, 1841. wages, we must add a word or two on the means of limiting the distress caused by a change in employment consequent on a change of ma chinery. That distress we must, however, remark, must at all times be much in creased by any and every law which limits the supply of the means of subsistence, and overstocks every employment with hands or candidates. The displaced people can, under those circumstances, find no other employment. and the low conditiori to which the body of the labourers are reduced and kept, allows them no time to turn round, or to deliberate, or to learn a new occupation. They must at once find another employment, or the, extreme poverty, which is the rule of their lives in a community in which the land is all appropriated, and the power of making laws is in the hands of the landlords, crushes them with an iron necessity, and makes the change which might not otherwise be injurious, utterly ruinous. The postmasters, for example, who have been displaced by the use of railroads, are injured people; perhaps their place in the scale of society is lowered, but they are not ruined and starved. Their sufferings, though great, are trifling compared to those of the handloom-weavers, who are starved outright. Thus the general pressure of the population on a limited supply of the means of subsistence, the result of Corn-laws, makes the changes which are brought about by invention and improve ment utterly disa»troua to those whom the inven tions displace. The fact that such changes do cause great dis tress, has been known for upwards of 200 years, when the copyists at Paris, and other places, re sisted the introduction of printing, because it deprived them of work; but no Legislature has thought of providing a remedy. Were a land lord aggrieved by a railroad being made through his property—were a clergyman exposed to a small diminution of income by ceasing to bury people in his monopoly of consecrated ground— were a place abolished as useless, the Legislature would take care to provide compensation for place holder, priest, and landowner; but when a great body of handloom-weavers or buckle makers are thrown out of employment, by a change of fashion or improvement in ma chinery, those who had monopolised the land and had the power of making laws, told them to trust to themselves, and refused them any relief. The same principle ought to have been followed both for landowner and labourer, and the invention which took away the employment of the one, should have been made to provide him compen sation, as it was made to provide compensation for the land it took from the other. So much consideration, however, for the landowners' slaves was not to be expected, and all kinds of artisans have been left to struggle against such changes as they could, while they were loaded with the landowners' heavy shackles. A Legislature in which their interests were represented would probably empower a Judge or appoint a Commis sion to give, upon a fair view of the case, a rea sonable compensation to all those who might be injured by successive social improvements. They benefit the whole community through all time; their authors only get a small share of the general advantages, and therefore the in surance or compensation, or whatever it might be called, if any were necessary, when all trades and occupations were free, should be paid by the whole community. It could better afford to give 1,000,0001. to the hand-loom wea vers than 10,0001. a year to the heir of a Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench. The ter rible manner,, however, in which the law-making landlords have wholly neglected to provide for the evils which fall on the industrial part of the community, must convince every man that on this very useful and important part of economic le gislation, nothing good can be anticipated from our present Legislature. We believe there is not a man in this wide empire who has ever considered the question of municipal government but is firmly convinced that about one-half of the revenues of the city of London would suffice, if properly husbanded, for the municipal expenses of the entire metro polis. The corporation is renowned, time out of mind, for guzzling and corruption. A part of its income at present, out of which it provides civic feasts, and makes presents to ♦ery worthless statesmen, is derived from a heavy tax on coals, which falls with great severity on the poor. All the shivering wretches of the metropolis are mulcted of firing that the civic functionaries may make their pasteboard shows, and feast on turtle. To old civic hospitality, provided by the contri butions of the Aldermen and Mayor, out of their own wealth, we make no objection ; but hospi tality paid for by a tax on the fuel of the inhabi tants is an offence against policy and morals. Such, however, is not the opinion of Lord Chan cellor LYNDHURST, who is reported to have said at the LORD MAYOR'S dinner— I witness with pleasure your ancient ceremonies ; I rejoice to see you surrounded by your own insignia ; above all, I rejoice to see that you still continue to pos sess that extensive property which you have always so liberally and so bountifully administered.—(Cheers.) I further rejoice that you still retain those important privi leges, the claim to which we have this day recorded in Westminster Hall--privileges which you have upon so many occasions used for the advancement and support of the great principles of our Constitution.—(Loud cheers,) There was a period when, indeed, I despaired of these things ; but tE e storm has blown over, and you have sur vived its effects. A more open and undisguised defence of cor ruption was never made. It tells us, that as long as Lord LYNDHURST is Chancellor there shall be no reform of the corporation of London, The people freeze that Aldermen may guzzle; and the LORD CHANCELLOR praises this as boun tifully administering property. That is a speci men of Tory morality. When such are the sentiments of the keeper of the conscience of the State, what can the nation expect from a Tory A dmin;stration ? The corporation of London needs reform as much as did the corporation of Dublin ; but the Ministers, whose duty it is to effect it, rejoice that all its abuses have escaped, to keep a Tory Administration in countenance, and giye it strength. The LORD HIGH CHAN CELLOR avows his partiality for oppression and injustice. The Commission issued by the direction of Sir ROBERT PEEL, to inquire concerning the conso lidation of the revenue offices, is now published and runs thus : WHITEHALL, Nov. 9.—Her Majesty has been pleased to appoint the Right Hon Granville Charles Henry Somerset, (commonly called Lord Granville Charles Henry Somerset), the Right Hon. William Ewart Glad stone, William Bingham Baring, Esq. (commonly called the Hon. William Bingham Baring), James Milnes Gas hell, Esq., and Alexander Pringle, Esq., to be her Ma jesty's Commissioners for conducting and inquiry into the details of the establishments of the several depart ments of Customs, Excise, and Stamps and Taxes, with a view of ascertaining whether the existing establish ments :we more than adequate to the efficient discharge of their several duties, and whether arrangements can be safely made, consistently with the due collection of the revenue, for diminishing the expense of them, and to re lieve the trade and commerce of the country from any inconvenient delay. So far as this goes, it deserves praise; but it is something like inquiring how a gentleman's es tablishment can be reduced when his house is on fire. The people complain, not the mer chants, (for they are as yet comparatively well off); and the Tories propose to give relief, not to the people, but the merchants. They chiefly will be benefited by the " trade and commerce of the country being relieved from inconvenient delay." They will rejoice in greater facilities for dispatching business at the Custom -house. We do not grudge them all the convenience they can receive : we say, in fact, that every ob stacle put in the way of transacting their busi ness, which is not indispensible for the collec tion of the revenue, ought to be removed. The revenue, in truth, is collected to protect com merce as well as other portions of industry, and when collecting it injures commerce, its purpose is lost sight of. At the same time, considering how much the mercantile classes in London, Liverpool, and other places have stood aloof from the anti bread tax agitation, how little they have done to aid the bulk of the people in procuring redress, we can but suspect that this unasked relief to trade is intended as a reward for past supineness, and a bribe f or f uture acqu i escen ce in those laws which grind the people to dust. If so, the Commission, which seems likely to pro duce very little saving to the public, may have the pernicious effect of widen ing the separation that now exists between the working and the middle classes. The latter will be pleased at this little mark of attention, they will find their affection for a Tory Admi nistration increase, and they will be anxious to show their attachment by opposing, where they have hitherto stood neuter, the demand for cheap bread. Measures like this, which confer a trifling advantage on the opulent only, have long been favourites with our Legislature. They evince its partiality and deference to the few whom, alone, it considers; and they rather ex asperate the many by resisting their pray ers. The Paris Journals of Tuesday have reached us, but they are wholly taken up with a Report of the Minister of Commerce—a summary of which we subjoin for the information of our commercial readers. The Debats devotes no fewer than five columns to the report of a speech of the Procureur-General, M. DUPIN, in the Court of Cassation, on the appointment of MM. MESNARD and PATAILE to Judgeships in that Court. Every affair in France calls for an oration. The last sad debt which the French pay to the dead is to spout nonsense over their braves. A collision between France and Spain is be coming daily more imminent. It was reported in Paris that ESPARTERO would insist upon the removal of Madame MUNOZ from Paris, and in case of refusal, recal the Spanish Ambassador. In the meantime France continues to increase her military force on the frontier, and to send ships of war to Spanish ports to protect French residents. An affecting incident followed the death of the unfortunate General Don DIEGO LEON. When the account of his being shot reached his family, a maid-servaut, who was much attached to her master, went mad on hearing it. As CHRISTINA MUNOZ was leaving the Church of St. Philippe de Roule on Monday her Cham berlain dropped her purse, which a poor man found, and delivered to her in her carriage. She pressed him to keep it, which he refused to do, or to accept any part of its con tents, or even to give his name. It is gratifying to record such instances of rigid honesty on the part of the poor. Were LOUIS PHILIPPE and his Government only half as honest as this poor man, what a prodigious re duction of taxes would take place in France ! The Minister of Commerce has just published the ge neral account of the rtade of France for 1840, from which we make the following extracts : The foreign commerce of France during 1840 in creased in regular progression. The aggregate amount was 2,063,000,000 f., being greater than in any pre ceding year. Of the two elements the imports have in creased in the greatest ratio ; at no previous period have the imports reached 100,000,0001., but this last year they have exceeded that amount by 52,000,000 francs. Tae export trade has exceeded that of 1839 by only one per cent., but on comparing the aver age drawn from the aggregate of the five preced ing years, the increase will be found equal to 12 per cent. The special commerce of France—namely, the produce she draws from foreign countries for her own consumption, end those which she exports, as the fruits of her own soil and industry—is comprised in the 2,063,000.000 f., and amounts to 1,442,000,0001., viz., im ports 747,000,0001., and exports 695,000,0001. As in the general trade, the increase of the special commerce is shown both in the amount of the imports and of the exports, but mere particularly in the former. The comparison with 1839 and with the average of the five preceding years shows a result, in favour of 1840, of increases of 15 and 16 per cent. on the im ports, and of 13 and 14 per cent. on the exports. In importation, the United States have assumed the first rank, which, in 1839, was occupied by Sardinia. North America stands for 17 per cent. of the whole, and for upwards of 118,000,000 francs for the articles for home consumption. Compared with 1839 and the general average, 1840 presents for imported produce from the United States, an augmentation of 77 and 60 per cent. on the general trade, and of 37 and 38 on the special trade. This increase bears chiefly on cottons and wool. Both categories show a progressive yearly increase until 1840, when it amounted to 110,000,000 f., and 74,000,000 f., being in six years an increase of 30 and 31 per cent. The exports from Belgium were superior to those of the preceding year, without reaching the amount of 1838. After these three Powers those of Sardinia, Switzerland, Spain, and Russia, follow in order as to the importance of their impor tations into France. Her imports from Germany have not followed the same progression. The value of the merchandise brought in from thence, in 1835, was 57,000,00 f. ; in 1840, it amounted to only 54,000,0001., a sum below th e a verage of the five last years. It is neverthel ess t o be observed that, in 1839, the imports comparison to from this country both general and special have increased. This has not been the case with regard to Turkey, Norway, the Dutch Indies, Chili, the French Colonies, Algiers, and the French . Factories i n I n di a . The value of the mer chandise brought from eac h o f these sources has not reached the sum of 1839. There has been on the contrary augznentations in the amount of imports from the Bri tish Indies, the Two Sicilies, Tuscany, the Hans Towns, Austria, Brazil, Mexico, ayti, Cuba, the States of Barbary, Denmark, and E g y pt . As to exports, there has been a notable dimi nut i on in the trade with the United States. Instead of 204,000,000 f. (the amount sent to that country in 1839), the sum in 1840 does not exceed 136,000,000 f., a diminution of at least 33 per cent., which has borne upon the special and general trade in equal degrees. The exports for England were riot so great as in 1839; the reduction was of slight importance, being only 1 per cent. for general, and 2 per cent. for special commerce. Those for Algiers are also increasing, being three times as much as in 1835. Among other countries those with which our commerce has most imaroved are Sardinia, Germany, Brazil, Russia, Chili, and Mexico. A sensible decrease has been felt in the demands for our pro duce in Egypt, Turkey, the coasts of Africa, and Switzer land. On inquiring into the proportions which the sev e r a l species of merchanise bear to each other in the imports, raw cotton stands for 14 per cent, of the value of the whole amount, and of these 94,000,000 f. were for home con sumption. As compared with 1839, these sums present an increase of sixty-seven and thirty-two per cent. The importation of silks, which gave way in 1839, recovered, but did not reach the amount of 1838. There was a failure in the arrivals of colonial sugars, but there has been an increase in their acquittement. From 1835 to 1838 the value of foreign corn brought inte home consumption has not exceeded upon an average 4,000,000 f. per annum. Since 1838 the importations of linen and hempen cloths for home consumption have annually decreased. The contrary is to be stated with regard to flaxen and hempen threads, the importations of which in 1835 attained to scarcely 10,000,000 f., but in 1840 were nearly 28,000,0001. There has been no sensible variation in the importations of iron in bars or cast iron in its unwrought state, but in the last article there has been a slight decrease. The imports of coal since 1835 have increased notably; those of 1840 amounted to 18,000,000 f., those of 1835 were only 12,000,000 f. The amount of imports of foreign cattle was 8,000,0001. in 1840, and 9,000,0001. in 1839. The imports of foreign sugars, coffee, indigo, cochineal, dye-woods, lead, zinc, tin, and straw-plaits, have been much augmented. For the exports of goods from France, which may be divided into the classes of natural products and manufactured objects, those of the former class have decreased one per cent. for general commerce, and three par cent. for special ditto ; while those of the latter class have increased 2 per cent. for general commerce, and 5 per cent. for special ditto. The most important exports .have been silks, which have amounted to 141,000,0001., being nearly the same as in 1839. The exports of cotton and woollen stuffs have increased, by 74 per cent., and 60 per cent. respectively . for 1840, as compared with 1838. The exports of wines have been greater than in 1839, but lest than in 18 38 ; they have not, hower4r, varied p muchduring in6thelast six years. Exports of bran dies have increased 31 per cent. during 1840. A diminution has taken place in the exports of refined sugars, prepared hides, clock-work, modes, jewellery, &c. The duties of all kinds received by the Custom-house (salt -duties included), amounted to 1 78.000,0001., ibeing 40,000,000 f. more than in 1839. This increase was chiefly on the entrance-duties, which amounted alto gether to 114,600,000 1 . Compared with 1839, and the average of the five preceding years, these duties show an augmentation of 10 per cent. and 8 per cent., chiefly arising from cottons, coffee, foreign sugars, grains, lead, oleaginous fruits, and cheese. The Sentinelle of Toulon says, " The news which we gave the day before yesterday, of the discharge of the seamen who have served less than thirty months in the Royal Navy, is fully confirmed. By this measure some ships will lose 300 men. We much fear that this is a prelude to disarming ; for, supposing that the Govern ment has not this intention, it would require infinite time to form new crews. "It is said, but it is at present only a report, that two more ships are to be sent to Brest." Lord Cowley and family have arrived at Paris.— Constitutionnel. We are enabled to state, that there is no foundation whatever for the rumour circulated by the Courrier Francais, that the Bank of England intended to apply again to the Bank of France for pecuniary assistance. Several decorations of the Legion of Honour, have been granted to the officers and men of the gendarmerie of the Puy de Dome, for their good conduct during the late disturbances at Clermont. M. Paya, chief editor of the Emancipation of Tou louse, and four other persons, who stood on the opposi tion interest, hare been elected Municipal Councillors in that town. The Sentinelle of Bayonne states that Espartero left St. Sebastian for Pampeluna on the 4th inst. Advices from Barcelona of the 3d, quoted by the Courrier Francais, state that Van Helen had re-entered the city, and that all was quiet there. A Constantinople letter of the 20th, in the Augsburgh Gazette, states that the Ottoman Government is going to construct a series of fortified camps, or barracks, on the land side of the capital, to serve as a li ne o f d efence. Two such posts already exist. The Odessa Journal announees that the Grand Duchess Helena and her daughter, the Grand Duchess Maria Mikailcona, after remaining two months in the Crimea, left Simpherophol on the 9th, for St. Petersburgh.— Galignani's Messenger. STOCK EXCHANGE, Two o'Ctocx.—Five per Cents. opened at 115 f. 90e. ; Threes at 80fr. 25c. STOCK EXCHANGE, Nov. 8, HALF-PAST FOUR.—The 'Nfarket has been slightly disturbed to-day by the defal cation and disappearance of M. Bonnet, a stock-broker, whose Stock Exchange liabilities, however, are believed not to be very large. French Funds have gone down in pr For Cash Fives have fallen 20e. ; 'Threes 15c. ; Ditto (1841) 25c.; Neapolitan 10e.; Spanish Fives (Ac tive) have risen ; Roman ; Belgian Fives and Spanish Fives (Passive), are unvaried ; Belgian Threes and Por tuguese no quotation. For the end of the month, Fives, Threes, and Ditto (1841), have declined 25c.; Neapolitan no quotation. _ DUTCH FUND3.AMSTERDAM, Nov. 8. Money. Bills. Actual Debt. 2% per Cent Jitto, ditto 5 per cent. Amen Syndic,4% per cent 90% 91% Ditto, ditto, 3% per cent ...... ......«....» 75% 70% Commercial Company, 4% per cent 151% 155% Ditto (1835 and 1337) 5 per cent. ...... •—• 101% 102 Loan 1337, 5 per cent. 97 92% Exchange on Louie's, One month l2 7% Two months 11 97% Hamburg"), One month 35 81% Two months SS 36% Dutch Papers, Nov. 9. BELGIAN U NDS—Bausans, Noy. 9. Actual Debt, 2% per Cent. Rothschild's Loan, 5 per 10l Loan of Thirty Millions, 4 per Cent 92 Sper Cent. Thirty.seven-- 71% 101% Loan of City, 1732, 4 per Cent. ........ 94 Society of Comm nee, 4 %per Cent 93 Bank of Belgium, 5 per Cent .... 71% NationalSeciety. • " MOON Exchange on Londea (shot t) —Brussels Papers, Nov. 9. AUSTRIAN FUNDS.—Vtzsima, Nov. 2 five per Cents. Metalliques • 105% Four per Cents. ..... ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• .......... •••• 98 Sk a Three p• r Cents• ...... ...... 73% Bank Shares .• ......................... ..... 1524 —Allgemeine " Zeiiting. Nov. e.i THE USE OF BURNING THE TOWER.—No thing, it is written, is made, and, we presume, done in vain; and accordingly, after reading the following paragraph, we are at no loss to discover the use of burning the Tower : ° Amongst those present during the day were ob served—the Ladies Seymour, the Lord Chamberlain, and a party of ladies ; the Hon. Captain J. B. Home ; Mr. Hall, the chief Magistrate of Bow•street ; Mr. Cotting ham, of Union-Hall ; the Earl of Chichester, &c., &c." Ladies and gentlemen of the above description are greatly in want of a sensation. They seek for pleasures, and would give anything for a new one. To look at the yet smoking ruins, to stare with terror at the tottering walls, to wonder at the vastness of the destruction, to be squired or to squire through all the nooks and crannies of the dilapidated fortress, to hear from the lips of firemen of perilous escapes and fortunate rescues, to examine the broken doors of the jewel-house, and, perhaps, hear from Mr. and Mrs. Swift the sparkling narrative of their own exploits and dangers, to see, hear, and admire on the spot the effects of the fire, must be a prodigious pleasure to a multi titude of persons in search of a sensation, and supplies a rational explanation of; we think, the final cause of the destruction of the Tower. It was burnt down to be a ten days' wonder to those who might otherwise die of ennui. They will be wanting to themselves if they do not, now that we have pointed out to them the pur pose for which great public buildings are de stroyed, take care that they be not burned in vain. We recommend them to give the beadles, watchmen, firemen, and police-officers liberal re wards to keep a sharp look-out for fires, and in form them when any take place. They may as well have all they can get ; and if it be delightful to see the ruins of the burned Tower, it would be ten times more delightful to see the Tower burning. There is much inscrutable in the ways of combustion and conflagration, but a diligent inquiry would probably explain the mystery to others as it has done to us. The Tower was burned to create a sensation. MOVE' and COMMERCIAL NEWS. CITY, TWELVE O'CLOCK. LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET, Nov. 10.—A better business has been done in the Cotton Market to-day, the sales amounting to 4,000 bales, of which speculators have taken 300 American. Prices remain steady, and without any alteration from Friday. LIVERPOOL SHARE MARKET, NOV. 10.—The follow ing are the transactions :—Grand Junction Quarter Shares, 2:5i; Great Western Half Shares, 57k; Ditto Fifths, 8i; Liverpool and Manchester Half Shares, 47; London and Birmingham New, 24i; Midland Counties Half, 201; North Union, 75k. MANCILESTEIt STOCK EXCHANGE, Nov. 10.—The market is quiet, but firm. The sales are:—London and South Western, 52k; Midland Counties, 20-i. Letters and papers from Monte Video to the 29th of August have been received. They state that a commer cial treaty had been concluded between the Consular Government of the newly styled Republic of Paraguay and the province of Corrientes, the Southern adjoining province, on the banks of the river Paranz. THE FUNDS. The same inactiveness continues in the English Stock Market which has prevailed for the last two days, Con sols being still quoted at S9i for Money, and 89/1 k for the Account ; Exchequer Bills, 10 12 prem. In the Foreign Market Spanish Securities fully main tain the advance of yesterday ; the Active Stock is now 21i ; Passive, 44 5 ; Portuguese Five per Cents., 29} 30 ; D►tto, Threes, 11 18k. PRICES OF SHARES THIS DAY AT ONE. RAILWAYS. Paid. Per Share. Great Western Ditto New Ditto Fifths London and Brighton London and Birmingham 9O 1571 to Ditto New London and Greenwich (New)... 20 London and South Western 3lll 53 ... .. to Ditto Tenths Looden and Croydon (Trunk). 134 111..... to South Eastern and Dover York and North Midland... HALF-PA S T ONE. _. _ . The Batavier steamer has arrived with the papers of Tuesday's date. The funds carne rather lower, the Five per Cents. being last quoted at 99 11-16, and the Two and-a-Half at 51 1-16. Exchange the same as before. The English Stock Market has gone flat since the opening, Conrols having fallen per cent. ; the price is now 89 for Money, and 89i- for the Account ; Three per Cents. Reduced, 88i ; Three-and-a-Half ditto, 98 ; Bank Stock, 164 165 ; India Stock, 247 246 ; Ditto Bonds, par to 3 prem. ; Exchequer bills, 10 13. Very littl'e business doing in the Foreign Market. Spanish Active Stock is a shade lower, 211; Belgian Bonds, 1001 1001; Buenos Ayres, 19k; Colombian, 19i; Dutch Two and-a-Half per Cents., 51k ; Ditto, Fives, 991- 991. There has been a fair business doing in the Share Market. The following are the quotations :—Great Western, 79+ ; Ditto New, 57i • Ditto Fifths, 83- ; London and Brighton, 36,i ; London and Birmingham, 157 i; London and Greenwich, 171; South Western, 53; York and North Midland, 83k. QUARTER TO THREE. In the City we have nothing very new, the foreign arrivals having been nearly exhausted for the present. We find by a private letter that the French Jacobins are accused of having had a great share in the recent Bel gian oneute, and the names even of one or two are given. LLOYD'S SHIPPING-(THIS DAY.) LONDON, Nov. 11.—Wind at noon, variable and light. PLYMOUTH, Nov. 10.—Wind N.N.W.—Arrd. Sperma cetti, Quebec ; Emma, Spicer, Miramichi ; Hirondelle, Ponnay, Africa, with loss of anchor. FALMOUTH, Nov. 9.—Wind S.W. and W.—Arrd. Indus, Odessa ; Lord Ogilby, Constantinople. Arrd.-off, Rainbow, Quebc. LIVERPOOL, Nov. 10.—Wind fresh.—Arrd. Sarah Trotman, Maranham ; Bayfield and Adelaide, Quebec. PORTSMOUTH, Nov. 10.—Wind W.N.W.—Arrd. her Majesty's ship Pique, Halifax, sailed 23d ult. STANGATE CREEK, Nov. 10.—Arrd. Torch, Bain, Smyrna ; Competitor, Cephalonia. RAMSGATE, NOV. 10.—Arrd. Juno, Stockton for New York ; Sussanan Maria, Amsterdam for Surinam ; Cath arina, Shields for Naples, with main-boom sprung ; Don, Hartlepool for Southampton, towed in with loss of rudder. OFF THE NORTH FORELAND, NOV. 10.—Sarah, Daniel, Faro, and supplied with an anchor and chain. DEAL, Nov. 10.—Wind N.N.W.—Arrd. Emma, Mann, China ; Triton, Smith, Manilla, sailed May 20, Anger July 7, Ascension Sept. 7 ; Chandos, westward; Numa, northward ; two brigs, supposed the Severn and Paradise, do. Arrived from the River, Margaret, Thom son, for Madras ; Black Prince, packet, Jamaica.; Rackers, St. Vincent ; Countess Durham, Cape ; Moun taineer, Mobile ; Susan, River Gambia. SCILLY, Nov B.—Arrd. Emma, Percival, Civita Vec chia. Arrd. off, Margaret, Maitland, Bombay; Johanna, Batavia, for Rotterdam. MILFORD, Nov. 9.—Arrd. Alicia, Nicholas, Quebec. KINGSTOWN, Nov. 9.—Arrd. Pilot, Leghorn. YARMOUTH, Nov. 10.—The Swedish barque, reported yesterday on Scroby Sand, is the Indian, Muller, from Gefle to Gibraltar ; she is full of water,and ises g pe o c t t o e n d to become a wreck. The Coquette, of Limerick, the Scroby Sand, but came off without assistance. Come, Nov. B.—Arrd. Marquis of Bute, Malta. Sld. NVoodbridge, Sydney; Thetis, Port Philip. IlAnwicm, Nov. 10.—Arrd. Tweed, Stockton, for London, with loss of anchor and chain, and windlass damaged ; Sceptre, Hull, for Alexandria, with hawse pipe broke. SINGULAR COINCIDENTAL ACCIDENT.—As one of the preachers at the Ranters' Chapel, in Driffield. was preaching on Sunday evening last, he very empha tically exclaimed, in the course of his sermon, " It shall he a lamp unto your feet," and " suiti ng th e action to the word," his hand struck the glass lamp attached to the pulpit, it was dashed to the ground, and broken at the teet of his hearers into a thousand pieces.— York Cot rant. S OF NEVI AND Publtt 1 4: ptittOtt. " Who runs nuzy read." POEEIGN. The Thedalus, Captain Martin, arrived at Liverpool yesterday from th e coas t o f Af r i ca . C a ptain Martin re ports that the Niger expedition entered the new branch of the Niger between the 13th and the 15th of August, the Soudan leading. The expedition had, up to that date, lost nine hands by death. The following confirmation of what has been so re peatedly stated by The San respecting the movement of a French force towards the Spanish frontier, is taken from a Madrid letter of the Ist inst., published by Louis Philippe's fashionable London organ, the Post:—" The Spanish Consuls at Bordeaux, Bayonne, Perpignan, and Marseilles, Messrs. Dimon, Arguendegui, Tovar, and Viniegra, have sent official information of the approach of French troops on the frontier, which, according to them, come in the hope of exciting the Spaniards to offer them some insult, whi c h m i g h t serve as a pretext for eitherinvading Spain, or demanding some satisfaction." The Commerce of Tuesday has the following remarks on the commercial relations between France and Spain : —" We remark with pleasure, that, notwithstanding civil commotions, and the efforts of English smugglers, our exports to Spain continue to increase. In 1840 they amounted to 79 millions. Spain is our natural ally, and the results to which we have just alluded set forth, in a striking manner, the evil policy which has involved us in a quarrel with Spain at a moment when the return of order and peace held out a prospect of lucrative rela tions for us." On Monday Mr. 11. Lytton Bulwer, Minister Plenipo tentiary from her Britannic Majesty, remitted to the King of the French, at a private audience, the letters of recal of his Excellency Earl Granville. A Constantinople fetter of the 20th ult., in the Augs burg Gazette, states that the Ottoman Government is going to construct a series of fortified camps or barracks on the land side of the capital, to serve as a lino of de fence. Two such posts already exist. The Odessa journal announces that the Grand Duchess Helena and her daughter, the Grand Duchess Maria Mi kaileona, after remaining two months in the Crimea, left Simpherophol on the 9th ult. for St. Petersburgh. A letter from St. Petersburgh of the 29th of October states that " the violent storm which raged on the night of Friday, the 27th, and the following day, at Cronstadt, caused several accidents in the road ; fourteen ships coming from sea were obliged to,cast anchor off the out ward lighthouse, two made signals of distress, but it was not possible to give them any assistance. Several were damaged." PUBLIC OPINION. The Morning Chronicle, in a leading article suggested by the birth of the Prince of Wales, has the following incidental remarks:—" Britain, at this moment, resem bles the land of Egypt, during the preternatural inflic tion of darkness. "Ilie children of Israel had light in their dwellings,' while darkness that might be felt' hung over the Egyptians. The favoured classes in this country who do not feel the general distress can gather round their snug firesides. and thank God for all that they have, of past or of present comfort. Yet at the same moment there are firesides where no comfort is— homes that instead of fostering destroy the homely affec tions—children whose sight, instead of warming the heart, wring it with the bitterest anguish. And this unequal state of things, if not created, is strengthened, extended, and perpetuated by laws, that, like the destroy ing angel, enter our very doors, and strike down the first-born of our rights, our hopes, our happiness. Yes, the Corn-laws are a national shame, a national ruin, and a national curse ; and while they embarrass the merchant and rob the manufacturer, they enter the houses of our workmen, and are effectually sapping whatever is good, generous, and kindly in the domestic virtues, on which we pride ourselves as a nation."— Yet though the Corn-laws are thus an acknowledged curse to the country—a cancer eating into the very heart of industry—discouraging its efforts and neutralizing its successes, the Tories are resolved that the impost shall still continue ; or, if modified, shall be so modified as to do the least possible harm to the interests of the mo nopolists, and the least possible good to the community at large. Nothing will ever rouse these men from their infatuation, but one of those stern displays of peremp tory determination on the part of the people, that there can be no mistaking, and no neglecting with safety. . The following is from the Post:—" All intelligent persons know that the Oxford Tract s ( w ith blemishes of various kinds which even their authors are not the men to deny) have had for their general object, nut to favour Romanism, but to show to all whom it might concern, that they could have whatever support and consolation the Faith and practice of the Primitive Church could give them, without quitting the Church of England. Many had grown weary and faint under the burden of mere Protestantism, which is with regard to Church matters a formulary of non-belief, and there fore no support at all. They wanted a belief and a guidance other than that which their own falli ble judgment gathered from the original documents. They were going over to Rome, when the Tracta rians stepped in to show them that the Primitive Church afforded all they wanted, and that the Church of Eng land is the true depository of all that the Primitive Church had, without the admixture of modern fancies and strange unedifying observances, which have dis figured the simplicity of the Catholic faith in the Church of Rome."—That the Oxford Tracts have exhibited a decided, though not avowed tendency towards Catholic , ism, is put beyond a doubt by the recent conversion of the Rev. Mr. Sibthorp, who, after studying them atten tively, and examining all their bearings, became con vinced that they had a Catholic leaning, and, as a neces sary consequence, boldly embraced Catholicism. The result of his impartial investigation satisfied him that Puseyism was the first step to Popery. The Herald says :—" The entire life of every man is but an education for eternity ; the establishment alone of schools for youth is a mere palliative ; national health can never be restored by such inefficient means. Books and lessons are excellent so far as they go, but unless more powerful agents are administered, their excellence has but a temporary effect. If we wish to bring about an improved state of things, we must amend the moral condition of the adult and the aged as well as instruct the young. So long as parents are vicious, discontented, and irreligious, it is in vain to expect to see children mo ral, satisfied, and Christian. A great want of the manu facturing districts are undoubtedly churches, to remind and invite the people of the worship of God ; but there is an equally serious want in the deficient supply of cler gymen."—lt is not churches, nor clergymen, nor clerks, nor pew-openers, that the manufacturing dis tricts are in want of ; their want is of a far more pressing and appalling character—they want bread I Of what use is it to build up a church for a starving population ? To exhibit a sensitive uneasi ness for the safety of their souls, when their bodies are in a state of absolute inanition ? Such a proposition is a cruel mockery—aye, the most cruel of all mockeries, because it wears the disguise of a kindly consideration. Build new churches if you please—for it is better to build them than new jails or new barracks—but at least take care that the congregation shall be in a fit state to attend those churches. The spirit of meek, placid devotion can never exist in the bosoms of a ragged, starving population ; and we have yet to learn that the act of listening to the liturgy or a ser mon, can stave off the cravings' of hunger. In reference to the proposed reforms in Chancery, the Times observes We think it indispensable to the well-working of the entire plan, that there shall be no power to plaintiffs of selecting their judge. The causes should go by rotation to the Master of the Rolls, as well as to the three Vice-Chancellors. Without some arrange ment, there is no way to equalize the work, or to secure fur the public the full benefit of the establishments they are to pay for. We have heard lawyers talk as though there were some natural justice entitling a plaintiff to choose his own judge. But why should that privilege belong to a plaintiff rather than to a defen dant ? Why should either or both have that privilege, if its exercise would impede the justice due to other plaintiffs and defendants? Unless the rule adopted on this subject be a peremptory one, two or three of the four Courts (we exclude the Court of the Chancellor), will soon be clogged with a heavy list of business, as the solicitors of the day shall happen to take a special fancy for sonic one or more of the Judges or Counsel; and the one or two other Courts, though perhaps quite as well officered for all the purposes of substantial justice, will be left without occupation either for the bench or for the bar. This inconvenience has more than once occurred in the Courts of Common Law, and should be firmly guarded against in the new Courts of Equity'' . Warren's The Dublin Evening Post, speaking of appointment to the vacant Post, , rem lows:—" Sir Edward Sugden is no t to be remarks as trifled with. He is determined, so long as he is allowed to remain in the office of Lord Chancellor, that the factious coterie at the Castle shall not have it all their own way. Sir Ed ward has humbled the pride of the Shaves, and the wereßl ack b b y u r L n e o s r , d D a and the Greyt e a B I . r d e w L s o t redr Eliot.aek though they the rival claimants, it was a matter of e p W er i f t ec h t regardto indiffe rence to us which of them succeeded, for they are both men of the right sort,' and we were interested in the conflict only because we saw the Chancellor determined to try conclusions with the Orange managers at the Castle. We are enabled to announce that the Chancellor has triumphed. Mr. Warren is now the third Sergeant." The York Courant contains these remarks :—" At present appearances are smooth ; it is passively, not ac tively, that the hostile spirit of Toryism to public free dom is manifesting itself. An outrage or a riot in be half of its domineering principles is allowed to pass over without rebuke. But does not this at once point out what are the predilections and the hopes of the party? is 112201"5:101s1:0.ainr0gee; at the Ly ta t n er - Long have they been striving for the eminence theyono2nv possess. For its attainment they have entered et der—with' unh l t i n e ce' extreme wit h theadv advocates judge of avowedof extravagant enemiesd of s social changes this, can we for a moment to be brought about by physical force—and, a to fter having whatpowe power they may which h y t b h e e) f , u h r t a h v e e r tiitcislinweodrtthoeildyo possessedto m a maintain i thatthem selves I" prices. barrels, The total ReF. IVIONZIY— totaI quantity to ship there is The Herring market Tßal ai n i . f Fe n W ick tity on the southern coast not more than 10,000 of for t e these are t i e s not large, it is not much beyond 1 , 000 barrels. In Shetland the t o tal catch for the sea son is 20,000 barrels. An application is to be made next Session for an Act "fur the more effectual preservation and increase of the breed of salmon, and for the better regulating and im proving the fisheries on the River Tyne, and the rivers, streams, and waters running into the sam e , an d on t h e seacoast or shores adjacent to or within the month or entrance of the said river." The salmon fishery of the E V ENING SUN Tyne, formerly celebrated alike for the quantity, quality, anti cheapness of the fish, has of lato years become scarce and dear, owing to the stake-nets at present allowed, and the encroachments of poachers. E RC CO IALt. Mr. Sidney MM Smith delivered lectures REronn Qn the Corn-laws, on Monday, at Chatham, and on Tuesday at Rochester. The inhabitants of Maidstone have invited him to lecture on Thursday the 'lBth, and Friday the 19th instant, in their town. ECCLESIASTICAL. In the Consistory Court yesterday the Queen's Advocate moved that all the parishioners of Braintree, Essex, be cited to appear and show cause why a rate made by a majority of the parishioners should not be con firmed. Dr. Lushington, the Judge, said, ho had great doubts on the subject, but he would confirm the rate, and the Vicar might sue for it. NAVAL AND MILITARY. The military examinations at the Royal College, Sand hurst, took place on the 4th, sth, and Gth inst., in the presence of the Duke of Cambridge. Fourteen Gentle men Cadets, on account of their high qualifications, were recommended to the General Commanding in Chief for appointments to ensigncies in the line without purchase, Fifty others had qualified themselves for commissions, and 45 made great progress. Captain Ogilvy, of the 2d Life Guards, the officer of the day yesterday at the Horse Guards, has received an intimation that he will obtain the promotion usually be stowed on officers who chance to be in that position on the birth of an heir to the throne. LAW AND POLICE. Yesterday four girls and five young men, all under 20 years of age, belonging to the West London Union, were charged before Alderman Kelly, at Guildhall, with dis orderly conduct in the workhouse. It appeared that several of the worthless inmates of the house preferred Bridewell, and created a disturbance in order to be com mitted. The Alderman ordered three of the girls to be committed for seven days, and three of the young men for twenty-one days. At Bow-street, the three individuals charged with causing the death of Michael Aungier were brought up and remanded till Friday, when the whole of the evi dence would be laid before the Magistrate. PINE AILTS. A dinner was given at the Albion Tavern, on Monday, by about 120 professors and amateurs of music, to F. W. Collard, of Clicapside (formerly Clemonti and Collard), as a mark of esteem, and in commemoration of his having resided under the same roof ever since he came to London, in 1791. The evening was marked by some brilliant singing. LITEnATLY AND scxrarTarrc. A translation of Southey's, " Rodericti " has just been published in Italian, under the title, " Roderigo, ol' ultimo de' Goti." The translator is M. G. B. Mar-. telli, known previously by his translation of Collins and Spencer. _ _ _ At a meeting of the Royal Geographical Society, held on Monday in Pall Mall, a letter of the late lamented Sir David Wilkie was read, containing the result of his barometric observations to determine the level and de pression of the Dead Sea ; being the last, if not the only scientific labour of that celebrated man. No barometer• had ever before been carried to the Dead Sea, and the observations of Sir David Wilkie showed a depression of 1,198, 76 feet below the Mediterranean, and the ele vation of Jerusalem as 2,262 feet also above the latter, points to which previous observers had nearly ap proximated. Captain Ross has, by letter, stated that lie had made a successful approach to within twelve degrees of the Antartic Pole, and had obtained some very approximate determinations of the South Magnetic Pole. THEATRICAL. Arr. Charles Kemble is perfectly restored to health, and has been present at all the performances of his daughter at Covent-garden. Mrs. Butler has also wit nessed her sister's debut. The manager of the Haymarket has, we understand, re-engaged Madlle. Celeste, who is now playing at Bir mingham. C 01717, T —PAS ITIONAILLE. The Duke of Wellington left town for Weimer Castle yesterday morning. The Duke and Duchess of Sutherland returned to. Trentham Hall, Staffordshire, yesterday. The Duke and Duchess of Bedford left Holkham on Monday for Beauchamp Wells, Swaffbam, Norfolk. The Earl and Countess Brownlow arrived at Brownlow House yesterday afternoon, from Lincolnshire. During her Majesty's recent visits to Claremont, she• selected the wife of one of the attendants of that esta blishment to be wet nurse to the Prince. Her name is Brough, and she is a remarkably healthy person. • IWZXSCI3I.I.II.:NMOITS. 'When Rubini arrived near Madrid with his escort of 30 men, he was surrounded by a crowd_of peasants, who imagined him to be a Christino chief about to be deliver ed up to the prompt justice of Espartero. In vain did liubini protest, the soldiers were dismissed, and the vocalist was allowed to depart at last only on the inter cession of a priest of the place, and a promise that he would return and sing a mass in the church. We sup pose he was frightened to death, else he would have con vinced them on the spot, and, like a musician of old, have, acquired immortal fame by taming a Madrid mob with the sweetness of his notes. A large African male lion, lately in the possession of the Marquis of Waterford, was yesterday purchased by the Council, and added to the collection in the Regent's park. The noble animal, which from the tip of the tail to the nose measures upwards of 12 feet, is one of the. finest lions ever exhibited in this country.. ' . Professor Thiersch, of Munich, according to the ves-- timony of Professor Mackie, the recently-appointed Professor of Humanity in Marischal College, Aberdeen, talks classical Greek as fluently as Lord Palmerston Parliamentary English. The Tipperary Free Press says :—" There is now ex hibiting in the window of our office, two large ears of wheat on one stalk, both producing thirty-four grains of prime wheat."—There ears must be almost as long as Peter Borthwick's. nUIVIGUES OP THE DAY. It is rumoured that Mr. Oastler is about to be released from his confinement in the Fleet prison. THE MARKETS-THIS DAY. COLONIAL MARKET. - Prices were sustained for most kinds of produce, but there was little business done, and the public sales went off quietly. The arrivals were to a fair extent from most parts. Raw Sugar was held firmly. Brown Jamaica at 565. to 58s. ; Yellow, 595. to 725. ; but the demand was limited. TEA MARKET. There was little done, but holders would not take lower rates, viz., Is. 10d. for Company's Congou cash. TALLOW MARKET. The demand for P. Y. Candle was limited, but prices were firm at 475. on the spot, and 465. 9d. for delivery up to the cud of the year. WHITECHAI)EL HAY MARKET. The supply both of Hay and Clover was plentiful, and although the acraand was good, no alteration in prices took place. The supply of Straw was rather short, with a brisk trade at previous prices. Clover, 3/. to 5/. 18s. ; Hay, 21. to 41. 10s. ; Straw, IL 12s. to 11. 16s. SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. (RECEIVED THIS DAY.) .SWAFFHABI COURSING MEETING.. WEDNESDAY.—(Narborough Field.) First Ties for the Cup.—Mr. Gurney's Admiral beat Mr. R. Bagge's Kelburne, - Mr. R. Bagge's The Toad beat Lord Glentworth's Lightning, Mr. Buckworth's Besom beat Lord Stradbroke's Monument, Lord Strad broke's Minerva beat Mr. R. Bagge's Telegraph. Tics for the Oaks.—Mr. Gurney's Agnes beat Mr. B. Smyth's Syren, Lord Stradbrolie's Medusa beat Captain Daintree's Kate. The Narborough Sweepstakes. —Mr. R. Bagge's Time piece beat Lord Stradbroke's Mealman, Mr. Grout's Dart beat Lord Glentworth's Leipsic. ESSItS. HOBROUSE AND Co.'s BANK' RUPTCY.—Tuesday last was the day fixed for the exa mination of th e b an k rupts. The large room at the White Hart was nearly filled with creditors. From eleven o'clock till half-past twelve the Commissioners were,a,.io oc cupied in hearing proofs of debts. The creditorss I proved this day were 226 ; the amount 13,66 81 .. 6 . 5 ' t i ii ° u d e . : making the total proved against tha estate t this 215,2511. 6s. 10d. Mr. Hobhouse answered as to the amount of profit divided between the ti to from firm for the last three or four years, am r ou g 041 to iris books partnersiD of the 3,5001. to 4,0001. in the whole, and The bankrupts for exact statements. Mr. Ilobhousreercfeonsidered he had • been in the receipt of 1,200 L a-y h e e g y o ti i o n n . having received their protection, -t signed the neces sary papers for the adjournment until the 10th of January. s a sta ti t ' e e d ir t e o xa t m he in C a and an announcement was. ruissionees that there were numbers of creditors who were waiting to prove their debts t as might be waiting to made that to such of the creditors prove their debts, the C ° t! n issioners will state the ap pointment in the London ' ' Gazette; and in all probability The day fixed was the 23d inst., in all the Bath papers. e at eleven o ' lcck• —Abridged from the Bath Chronicle ot: to-day. In a lecture on wood pavin g , WOOD PA LI NG, -- delivered at the Southwark Mr.it L was stated that iterary Instituti on l ast evening, by n ovel mode of forming the surfaces of carriage-way s h ad already o ccasioned great increasein the busi ness of those shopkeepers who are located where th e system has b e en adopted that the value of such house-prop erty • has been considerably improved -, that the quantity of mud collected upon wood paving by the scave ngers, that iOxfurd-street .or instance, is barely one-fourth of that previously removed from the same pl ace , t h e principal part (if not all) of which is brought upon the wood from ; adjoining parin g sthat the fract ures of gas and w a t er " pipes under the best system of wood paving bear a pro portion of scarcely one-sixth to those previously oc curring ; and that recent improvements in grooving the surfaces of the blocks, as e x hibi te d at St. Paul's Church yard, Holborn, and Regent-street, have obviated all ob jections on the score of slipperiness. Among other sta tistical data, the lecturer produced lists of the quantities laid down, and the prices charged, furnished by the re spective parties, from which it appears that Mr. Stead has 8,710 square yards, superficial measurement, in va rious parts of London, the Metropolitan Company 18,094, Mr. Carey 1,750, Mr. Grimman 650, and Mr. Rankin 12 ; making together 29,216 3 ards. The Observer of Sunday, Nov. 14, will give all the sayings and doings connected with the birth of the Royal Prince. A Monday afternoon edition of the Observer is regularly published at 4 o'clock, which is best adapted for subscribers in the country and abroad. The Observer of last Sunday, Nov. 7, which contained 1 14 of their long and wide folio columns of particulars of: the fire in the Tower, with engravings of the front andl interior when the fire was raging at its height, has been kept on sale since Sunday, anu may yet be had for a week to come at the office, 170, Strand. ctY 'Der by, acic bet list Lir t Y oce' 1:`