The Sun. — London, England, 1841-01-19 00:00:00

Ir-eNING 1 4 DITION YIVIARKET THEATRE. tu r ,; ( t r. Web' ( ter commenced his additi ona l term o f two We . ' lea his h • post-s eason , as i t may be called, last evening. a.,. y rejoice that the license Chamberlain has Aged Mr.. Webster this special . Never wasmana 'iLe! al: a the etre moro worthy of any favour that canbe con '''' Marion him than Mr. Webster. His exertions to cater for tile z m I_, asem ent of th e publii,.. have been untiriug ; and he ‘qa notbe e n contented 'ea provide them merely amuse :eat, but a aiusement o `. the highest and most intellectual liitdyewr;hhaties:ucre.eefossr is r a' . abundant prof that there is no neces 4Peeerade, or. whP' lewill:at is v olgar tanagers of theatres to have recourse to far worse, to the coarse excitement to en:114;1:111:4 I c y 'csalled a rama of intense interest," /Chich is, a drama of immoral tendency, esp. We heartily wish Mr. Webster the "Me cutters it i this extra season which has attended his Z a erti r ° k ali flue; co g the regular one; and, judg:ng of the ti l l: ".T . Ore past, we entertain little doubt but that such The - ,:,,,,r Ca se --certain we are he will richly deserve it. be r --9. rrat'aiceti 'commenced last evening with Bulwer's sligh t ' eat ' . iedy of mo nc y, which, having undergone some 310 a lteration and some judicious curtailment, has to ?Siteicirlin:owwans into a very good acting play. the Clara Douglas, and although she had tn . 4, in e te nd kgainst the recollections of Miss Helen I. aucit trat. e h „ - 8 , 411 va part, her personat'.on of the heroine was most ' `Bllll- - - oadmirable indeed that there was but little 'occasion • lo to • regret Miss Faufzit's absence, except from our 'avkled .T, w Ere of the fact that it was caused by indisposition. AI ebster appeared as Sir F. Blount, the dandy, vi ce „„ e r s ' Walter Lang, and was quite as good a; his prede leaell3r. These were the only material vriations from Sail °riginal cast. A 'sew f arce ent i t l e d Wid ow B arna b y l k iV o ed. It is 8 dramatic adaptation of some of the most teri_rao situ at i ons iii Mrs. Trollope's novel. The chat witioug,husband-huntieng, fortune-hunting, and Loft-hunting s e ,4 of the late vi , ,;rthy Apothecary Barnaby was repro f h oer ni h b Y Mrs. GI giver to the life. Her description o li e , I. so from " the:beastly bullock " was excellentl given.. I,o4vaiirll,.tsusa:bosid:uess in the, babe scene, and her intense anxiel to ; ce i t , t t o: l real Lord, and to galop with him, were far the richest scene of the whole was lba ass, in t ( Viii ! Le ll 'She ii ears before the Magistrate on a Ali rge °I ` ) , e , e l,ng * car ce P r P ned with her attached friends -I% le:e n r ( ~,P . ,'"ag:/ and Maintry ( Howe) in a robbery. Ittr Aoroa "? iniPot mt indignation, mingled with fear, more 'aP to b ,,,7, p°,...art i - iyed. In this scene she was well acted . " Saco" e r ' r ,‘-h irk, who was the Magistrate's clerk—his nipe wax " a r'aaby," told excellently. Wrench, as 1 1, ,7 0, 1 4 : 1 1 4 p4 i r til i celc , liut e „ ri : to c : ::si f v e e l l i, y quaint ; and Vining's Major Allen , well-mobbish. The farce is carefully got alh there was some little disapprobatie d yet it was speedily drowned i,y the ev,.„4, 1 . 8e, and the piece is announced for repetit , iv. i every Ai r ,.. iii ove Al 4 those who admire Trollopisms P,uould see 0.1 Widow Barnaby. ALSALC ELECTION. zir.n quite igo'orant what great deeds tint t P l i : r t f° }l r e, w ws b`• - Mr. Thoraus Gladstone during the bit 4q. P. for PQrtarlington and Leicester, 64re h l Y hey are not recorded by Hansrrd. The 4 4 7' "9" eV or, , and the Herald, recommend him i t i o e ha g c ea ct °rE Walsall on the l strength of the Ti le r 1 '). in Parliament, Gl a , l ( . 1 AnAidate for Walsall happens to be Mr. John fo r ne , a younger brother , of the Hon. Member frai.k, and of Mr. 1. Gladstone. He is (I be liAZ) ii , lutena n t i n th e N avy , an d never was i n Par "w.4ttt ill his life. ItliOTS IN SWITZERLAND. TELEGRAPHIC DESPATCH. P REFECT OF lIIE LOWER RHINE TO THE MINISTER OF THE INTERIOR. 4 A: " STRASBOURG, JAN. 14. bet wee sanguinary ,struggle has just broken out in Argau_ the II the Catholics an d P rotestants, un d er prttext e 16,0 re1 v i s ion of the const i tut i on , w hi ch was re j ected b y * lad o, 'voices againit 14,000. The two factions had al ; irehtif c ome to bl ows w i t h out any decisive success ; at t T h sit J hey arc very prob a bly s till fi g h t i ng ." arti e r ournal des Debats of Saturday has the annexed this subject : to i s The new Federal Directory, which has just shifted -erne, , had hardly commenced its functions before l e t , 1 1 , ' 3l Put in force its authority. Disturbances have t,'"'han out In the canton of Soleure. The Gran -"ci l of this canton had, in the course of last L laath, r ered a project of Constitution, which was I . be . submitsed to the vote of the people. But ssehinntig rejection, the Grand Courcil, putting a ad article of the Constitution, had de tZi:oiehoniritteubttaii°o'snaifaathe -new project was thrown out, the old would lie in force for ten years. That de oppos2nt with oppoaition. The aristocratic party, being.na art ' to the Government, convened for the 3d o a Mectirg Mumliswyl, and voted a protest N s " St the resolution of the Grand Council, claiming, in e°l tr''s • • f the P• et tiu t i oh j.ct , on o Pro of . Constitution, the for tiont.tituted assembly in order to prepare a I m „, silo Gov ernment o f Soleure immediately adopted t.isure s to suppress the same. Several arrests took place. . 411 .11 ° Petty Cuuneil,- the ccntre of the Government, re_ :Pied to the arsenal in order to hold its sittings, and asked - "a Vorort of Berne for federal assistance. vet` The V orort promptly granted assistance. The Go it -:.41,..13.1'aent of Ar 7 ov i a h a d a l so supp li ed its contingency, but an Forced meal it, in ord er t o d e f en d i tse lf aga i nst , o nenr ulrr eetion o f t h e same ki nd. The Vorort likewise T 4l .OO Ps to Argau. Nat heSe measures temporarily re-established order. The lit e_on the constitution of Soleure was to take place on I, l ,!_th• The rsult is, not yet kpown.,, Irapr ie e ct is a c ontradiction is the statements of the tele- IPlipe rs "Patch given above, and those in the Swiss of Ar as to the rejection of the Constituti on o f t h e canton adop te d g: According to the Nouvelliste Vaudois it was of 11,480 y a majority of 15,306 votes against a minority elvtl ' not 14,.000, as stated in the despatch. The idihiZer c ommen ce d i owing to the rejection of certain n- A 13 ' ... b_ le Pretensi ons o f t h e C at h o li cs . -C hnsti .,"e tot ter of the 11th, which we f i nd i n Saturday ' s weir ti ltioanet,states that the first engagement took place ~ tl le i%le n , wh en t h e i nsurgen t s l os t thirteen men a 1 ,, 0 • the Government troops ( Argauvian) losing r only \'il hi w „ et raded, h aving taken possession also of NS ohilenand *thi e f - reke Nan, half a league only from Bremgartcn, bethe 4%4 tof insurrecti on . Reinforcements had been sen latijestall and Berne. Another letter from Berne of th tt we learn from Argau, under the date of yesterday,_ he $ l4 , t 1 the 11th an attack took place at Vilmergen. T atriltgents were entrenched in the churchyard ; but the erY succeded in dislodging them, after having killed 14,4141 and a great number ; the troops lost two h er4l bad a few wounded. The troops passed . t e s • t at 'atitresiVilmergen and Wohlen, which surrendered with ia.of ' sta nce. During the night the insurgents received .. ercetnents from Frickthal, Baden, Zurcach, and it is alert they they will make another attempt, Five hundred d at 4 114 a battery of artillery have just been . directed 1 0 ,. t. 130 rebel districts. A courier has just arrived with • ~- „ a , t l nn that yesterday evening the insurgents were latir e - ","relY to the rout near The monks, who . Vie t e e ` t.ha head of the insurrection, have taken refuge in 4i etler, r ar rit°r Y of Lucerne. The Government Conlin's atosr..e) "s• Wailer, who had been taken prisoner by the in af ,I.,ilanets, has be en set at liberty. " -13asle Gazette of the 13th blames the Governments f ,, el. ll',„ e l, tire and Argau fur having prematurely made arrests highly - . 11 ns and their imprudent conduct had led to zult erection. te. h ' v ti le ns JAN. 13, —Another letter says—l ale happy to l ate ° „ u *bY this post, that the Argarivian insurrection has 14 tv„t do wn. Th e G overnment o f the canton has been e %kit" s uPpress i t e ven without the aid of Berne. The INN,' tattler Colonel Wyer, marched against the insur adiet,,ead defeated them, first at the village of Vilmergen, plar.e°:robat formerly took place between the two reli -gere-T'es. There was another encounter at Wohlen, de n iris rteett of the insurgents were killed. Bremgar- . Ijori i an, aupied, and they dispersed. The convent of °nen occupied. Guyger is arrested, as well as th e 4 .1 editor of the Jura Sentinelle, who were chiefs of 4411%-,Zt., There is no stirring h_ere,. nor, I hope, at write more. Si, * tei t jrancia Chantrey visited Shrewsbury las t ; `•lni 'Cr,tllo purpose of fixing upon a site in Sr. Mary ' ;a k att re et - let the monument and bust of the late Reveren d to 1, - " e ta u : v'l . Youth . Bishop Butler. The subscriptions T S Yet j;1_ 111 . !at of Dr. Butler exceed soot , but no decisionalthough .eel w ee,' form e d thereon . by the Committe . e , . e , teline doubtless b, c h ie fly guided by the o t p a in s i t o e n d. of the Pr k , !" teulpter to whom its execution is en trusted. 110 01,,,: 1 1 1 , 11 , 4 been visiting the family of the Earl of Liv S er i : D e ,atty keen Park, w . here a very numerous 'lntlip,4 as 814embled h int luding his Grace the Duke of .....6•l',Lapd, V iscountess Milton, and Mr. and Lady Cotes. fi1a,„94(4 Gazelle. t v . 4 LoN DoN n %.,OFFEE AND EA TING-HOUSE- Y41'4'31,43' ASSOCl AmloN.—Yesterday evening tho Association half tneeting of tho members of this truly charit f abl lie,in , established in 1837, for the purpose i . 0 r e . i_ fl ews g aged and decayed members of the trade, t ie F r et %Net and orphans took place at Anderton's Hotel, le tfa te ',alt. C. Marshall, vice-president, in the chair. Mr. Fleet theSate, ' "aartry secretary, read the Bth half-yearly report. l th e last general meeting 100/. had been a dded to e_thrve fund, which, with the interest, the balance of ill : te,,resurer's hand, and other moneys, made the fun d s th e faciety upwards of 6001 . Mr. Humphries proposed 1 11%4'460W of the ieport Mr. Alldes seconded the hi ee "' b ud it was carried ' nem. con. Messrs. Rogers , kid :,Stevens, Hare, Humphries, Alldes, the chairma n, ~,,, eral other gentlemen, addressed the meeting. ,_ i zi t 00 14111 LATE CASE OF DROWNING AT LoN -Bt. inquest was held before Mr. Payne, at taan ~ruusla Church, Thames -street, on the body of . 4 ki te ," ,c , Wll4 seen to sink after struggling for a ,few mi ea In the river near London-bridge. The deceased lic, 4.l4curer employed by Mr. Voller, of Battersea ; h ett l i tutt e d fv. home on Sunday, the 10th, and was not kg ki v °- uy his friends until Saturday last, when they saw ith, beortisement answering his description in a newspaper. eauld d Y Was recognised ; but as none of the witnesses we ter, aecOunt for the manner in which he got into the d ro ,2 Whether by accident or design, a verdict of ~ Found Tue tl ii was returned. His name was William Smith. l ag r LteTI °X ROR BRIDGE -MASTER.—The poll preceeeftMenced yesterday morning at nine o'clock, and Gibbers%aded briskly throughout the day. The following 8 , !ate announced at the close (three o'clock) : _... A '1,1,70; Ledger, 1,655 ; majority for . Gibbs, 315. t 4 0114" AIL °R.----Some snarling . cynic has said, it 1- r ti Me tailors tomake a man • it is a sweeping cen "s that sh l the ' page of calumny; we 43114 e°4 ol" ` be blotted from the brains of nine Ordin,.._ tradistmetion, that it will take . ._ . ain o h i 7 !nen, to make one highly-gifted tailor , tak e n v . 1114 red and ninety nine ordinary men , likkev eVerY /Li/Ith mall a tailor, the ex and tr l y fail d , periment w d a 9 4 , 64 4: Word for it. ~ . Poeta"— no -- ,, Sartor u n u ascitur, this tailors are a belied race... Sportsman. Dgba . )unselo M AI " , bil pear thgl. 3A' r re bull' :re elect hoar y . T )0 bar b° Corr nu ipti r ed q u a v ,Istiou" ;ressol/0; crat e° be e a; p rof F. 0 .be P ro- 9 1,1 i u r - Be, 13g 4 1 °C OI 4° :0 1 be 3 c at th e 'ol 1 0 • a p 4 rr 01 trio er.— :Aeo4‘ to , onc e 11 1 b e 61 0 :41 rud e d e ; 0 c bary OP'O mice OrNet°rl hi a f 00 ° 0 0 0 bas tb_ Cc e " e cos° B lf€o awe a gePtir rtes• 0 1-1) , prCio r w 100 f deel to 9 theso ,1 og )ark• IV A w his f i el; aio `h e C.`: Pit goo' C°l' ( led bl s et° )01 P Piec o L,adY,refrl Lhe of ho po o t, l o4 , his eve je o° o ° I C° o ' to te r V i 5 u ce o o f 00„ 01 ,e 11 , the i i,/ ,'e0 019 in A n al a oildycYt; ifm . 0 f ir• C 40. 4, hr e e rP P 5 is y., , 0): le t Ri ll eo l hf D G oo' de 6 uce e 0 C re' yht 7 0 , > fle et bf. P, aof 'l 3 0 0, to , ao o ciitio ty kt 3a def.C r 1 '• ! `ti t • t'' , Le 01 , tO OO mot- CALAMITOUS l 4 LOO➢) AT B ITII. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SlR,—Owing to the sudden change in the weather, from the extremest cold to the warmth of a summer's day, there was a general thaw here the latter part of the past week. The consequence has been very calamitous to the poor people living on the banks of the Avon, especially as to those living in the Dolemeads, Bath. So sudden did the flood come upon them early on Sunday morning last, That the kitchens were full of water before they could re move their furniture. Some who were sleeping in their kitchens were rot aware of the flood till it reached them in their beds, which are consequently very much damaged. Some have lost their pigs ; others, valuable articles of furniture. Those losses might have been avoided had the police given timely warning of the approach of the flood. The pigs gave the first alarm to the inhabitants of Queen's Terrace, Pulteney-road. At four o'clock, a.m., all was bustle and confusion ; the darkness of the marr ing rendered it impossible for any one to ascertain the extent of the flood. At break of day the flood had so far advanced as to render the Pultcney.road impassable. All the woodwork, erected at great cost, for the purpose of building a bridge across the Avon for the Great Western railway, was entirely swept away by the flood. The crash was tremendous ; the noise it occasioned was heard nearly all over the city. Great must be the loss to the Railroad Company ; in consequence of this calamitous occurrence the opening of the railroad Will not take place so soon as the Company expected. The loss experienced by the poor people of the Dolemeads is frightful ; some have lost all they had in store for their winter's provision. It is re ported that a child and a woman have bete drown?cl. One man has lost all his pigs ; another has bat a cow. In the parish of Walcot the flood has done great mischief. It is really heartrending to hear the tales of diitress, aid to witness this morning (Monday) the condition of the inha bitants of the Dolemeads. Here is a case in which the humane of our city may exercise their charity ; here is a case calling loudly for some individuals to come forward to relieve the distresses of those who have been so much in jured by this disastrous flood. Let a Committee be ap pointed and a subscription opened for that purpose. The scene in the Dolemeads is truly miserable : the flood has left behind immense quantities of mud, to clear away which it will require much time and expense. In conclusion, I trust that a Committee will be appointed to receive sub. scriptions for the purpose of affarding some relief to to thole injured by the flood. HUMANITAS. Bub, Jan. 18. INUNDATION AT BRENTFORD. ADDITIONAL PARTICULARS NEW BRF.NTFORD, MONDAY EVENlNG.—Througilout the day, the town of Brentford has been thronged by per. sons from the neighbouring towns and villages, and even from the Metropolis, anxious to *isit tbo scene of the late awful inundation. The Infant Scholl-rooms in the Butts have been prepared for the reception of the distressed boatmen, whose boats are damaged or sunk, and 90 men, women, and children, were refreshed with a plentiful supply of coffee and bread and butter,. This morning, at 8 o'clock they ell had a breakfast of coffee and bread end butter, and at dinner the number was increased to 68. y . The following nine boats are supposed to have been sunk and broken up by the stream, as no trace of them has yet been discovered—viz , the Safety, laden with coals and peas, and the Diligent, wi.h a similar freight, both the property of Mr. Bissell, of Tipton, near Birmingham ; the Julia and the Kingfisher, both freighted with hoop iron, the property of Mr. Josiah Smith, of Bloxvrich, Staffordshire : the Tipton Lass, and the Adelaide, freighted with coals, the property of Messrs. Brad ley and Co., of Tipton ; the Oak, and the London Trader, the first freighted with 70 quarters of wheat, and the latter with 241 ditto, both belonging to Messrs. John Bradley and Co., of Stourhridge ; and the Ashley Company, which was empty, and was the property of that company. In addition to the above, the following are known to be seriously injured, if not, as well as their freights, rendered unfit tor further use--viz., the Union and the John, belorging to Mr. Shipton, of Wolverhampton ; the Amiable, belonging to Walter. Williams, of West Brom wich ; the Liberty, the Prosperous, and an iron boat, not named, with a freight of slate and quarries (two of which boats are sunk), the freight the property of Mr. Dale, of Brentford, and the boats hired by. John Daffern, of Nunea ton, Warwickshire; the Sarah and the John Price, belong- ' ing to Messrs. Price and Sons, of`Brierley-hill ; the Henry, belonging to Michael Hall, f Gospel Oak, Tipton ; and several others whose names have not yet been ascertained, with barges and lighters, to the number of at least twenty. During the day a great number of persons have been busily engaged in clearing out some of the barges lying off the shore, in which they have to some extent suc ceeded ; also in fishing up large numbers of sacks of wheat, &c., which had been washed out of the craft, but from its sodden and swollen state, by which many of the sacks have been burst, it is feared will not be of much value. In addition to the wharfs and premises of Messrs. Bourne, Curtis, Sims, arid others, whose premises were stored with wheat and other grain, &c., most of which have been flooded and damaged, there are nearly fifty small cottages situated in the yards and alleys leading from the high road to the water, to are inhabited by the poorer classes, who have suffered considerably by the. inundation, as have also the residences of several other inhabitants. The damage done at Mr. Norris's tan-yard is estimated at nearly 1,0001. With regard to the origin of the calamity, it is evident from an inspection of the locks and banks of the canal that they have not givers way, as was at first supposed. Tho escape of the 2 t men, women, and children, from off the passage boats, as they passed the wall of the Duke of Northumberland's grounds, was almost miraculous. The first that got over was a hoy, named John Jones, who instantly fastened a rope to a tree, by which means the others got over. As they did so, they .felt the wall tot tering under thern,..agd.Jvhile the last.litiy was on it it was overthrown by the water, he providentially falling within the grounds. Immediately on being discovered by his Grace's gardener, they received both shelter and succour, for which they still express their heartfelt gratitude. During the day considerable excitement has been occa sioned in the town by the fact that Mr. Charles Morris, a market gardener at Old Brentford, had been missing since the even•ng of Saturday, and in the course of the afternoon all doubt on the subject was removed by the discovery of the body near his own residence in a stream communicat ing with the Brent, and which, until yesterday, was much swollen. The body was removed to his residence, where it awaits an inquest. No time has yet been fixed for the inquest on Spruce, as it is probable there may still be other bodies m the water. At Hanwcll, an island laid out for a garden, and be- longing to Mr. Shrivenham, has been entirely washed away by the water. The palings on the side of the grounds belonging to the County Lunatic Asylum have been thrown down, and thirty-two sheep are supposed to have been carried away by the stream from Twyford Abbey, as two of them have been found drowned. They ate the property of the Rev. J. Emmerton, of Hanwell. At Hayes there is a deal of water, even across the high road, and at Uxbridge the mill and residence of Mr. Ste vens are considerably under water. On the Bucks side of Uxbridge the high-road is flooded in many parts. GAMBLING IN PARIS.-The owner of the billiard-room and cafe in the Faubourg Montmartre, where clandestine gambling was carried on, and the visit of the police to whose establishment we mentioned a short time since, was tried the day before yesterday by the Tribunal of Correctional Police for the offence, together with his garcon or assistant. The former was sentenced to 2001. fine and two months' imprisonment, the latter to 200 f. fin• ; and the confiscation of all the furniture, money, &c. was confirmed. The appearance of the parties (some in respectable stations of life) found there in the act of gambling, and who were bad up before the Court, was ludicrous in the extreme. THIS WILBERFORCE STEAM PACKET.- 1 This vessel, which had on account, of stress of weather put into Brest, arrived at Falmouth on Friday last, having left Lisbon the 30th ult., Vigo the Ist, and Brest the 14th inst. The Lisbon letter of the above date of course con tains nothing new on the political state of Portugal, but we extract from it the following account of an incident in the outward voyage of the Wilberforce :—" The Wilber force steam-packet, with the mail of the 12th from Eng land, did not arrive here until the 26th instant, in com pany with the Tagus, bringing the mail of the 19th, in consequence of her having, while in On endeavour, off Cape Finisterre, to render assistance to a dismasted French brig, in a heavy gale of wind, with a high running sea, in which, however, she could not succeed, broken her feeding rod, and after much difficulty got into Vigo. Dur ing her stay in that port, a maliciously disposed person, reported as belongiug to the vessel, during the night turned off the sea cocks, which was discovered in time to prevent her sinking at her moorings ; fortunately no part of the cargo was damaged. The vessel, instead of pro ceeding on to Cadiz and Gibraltar, .passed over her Lieu tenants and mails to the Tagus, and leaves this morning for England in quality of a merchant vessel, no regular mail being made up for her. The Franch brig, it is sup posed, notwithstanding her distressed state, would be enabled to make some port on the north coast of Spain. SPOTS ON Til E SUN.—For sorne time past the spots on the sun's disc have been numerous, and occa sionally very large. At present there arc two or three of considerable size, besides some clusters of small ones. About a week ago one disappeared at the west limb, which had been observed during two revolutions of the sun on its axis ; but its size had considerably diminished between its first and second appearance. When first observed it was of an oval form, and its longest diameter about 27,000 m iles ; but on its second appearance was reduced to 14,000, and bad become nearly circular. Two of those at present visible are about the size of the even. They may be dis tinctly seen with an ordinary telescope and dark glass. W lIITTLESEY MER.E.—An absurd, but very mischievous rumour gained considerable circulation in Cambridge and its neighbourhood on Tuesday last, that upwards of one hundred lives had been lost tho preceding day, or Sunday, en Whittlesey Mere. The rumour stated that there ware several thousand persons on the ice, and that two of them fighting, a great number crowded round, and the ice broke from the pressure. On snaking imme diate inquiry into the matter, we found that no person in Cambridge connected with \Vhittlesey had received a lino on the subject, although several persona web alarmed for the fate of friends and relatives; and we further ascer tained, from our correspondents in the heighbourhrod of the Mere, that no accident whatever had occurred. There are two parties very much to blame in the affair,—the in dividual who amused himself . with the practical but very cruel joke of originating such a report, and the local news paper which gave it circulation.—Cambridge Independent Press. CRETINISNI.—A charitable establishment is about to be formed in the Canton of Berne for the extinc tion of cretinism. M. Girard has calculated that there are 8,000 of these unfortunate creatures in the cantons of Switzerland. The projected establishment will be kept by the Sistera of Charity at Obendberg, at a height of more than 3,500 feet above the level of the sea. This elevation appears to be reeessary, as a condition for the treatment of cretinism.—Athe,„„in. THE SEIN, LONDON, TINSDAY, JANUARY 19 1,911 WALSALL ELECTION. A crowded meeting of the electors was held on Thursday evening in the Dragon Assembly•roem, Wal sall, to meet Mr. Richard Cobden and other gentlemen from Manchester and Liverpool. Although the meet ing was specially convened for electors, we observed a considerable number of non-electors present. Mr. R. KELLY stated they had been favoured with a visit from a few friends who would address them this evening upon a vital and important question— Free Trade. He hoped that the utmost harmony would prevail throughout the meeting, composed, as he ex pected it was, of men of all shades of political opi nion. He had invited every elector to attend this meeting by note, without regard to any party distinc tion. Their sole intent and anxious wish was, to have the merits of both candidates, the principles they re spectively maintain, fairly and candidly brought be fore the electors of Walsall, to know the difference, and snake their choice. There was nothing, would give him greater pleasure than that any friend of Mr. Gladstone's should come forward and defend that gentleman's principles, excepting the pleasure of seeing liinise/f in the arena, and lie hoped that if any indivi dua holding different opinions was present, that indi vidual would that evening state his argument fairly and respectfully; betwe,in the two flints he had no doubt the spark of truth would be Mr. WA LK mmerchant, Wolverhampton, then briefly addressed the meeting, and entreated the electors to do their duty to themselves and their country. He earn estly hoped and trusted that at the hour of trial they would not be found wanting. Mr. SMITH next stepped forward. He would not detain them long, as he felt desirous that the friends now present from a distance should have an opportunity of addressing them at length. But he felt it ❑ecessary to say something concerning their position that night. It had been said the electors of Walsall were dictated to by the Anti-Corn-law League. He repudiated the assertion. Nothing was more groundless of truth, as those present, who were acquainted with the facts of the case, could testify. Indeed, it was much against his tiesire he came forward as a candidate for the representa- tion of this borough in Parliament. He left his• family at an hour's notice, nor did he say the cause of his de parture. The -first account they heard of him was through his first address to the electors, a copy of which he sent home. When he came to Walsall he had no more expectation of standing as a candidate than he had of fling to the moon ; but finding that Mr. Lyttel ton had fled, and no one in the locality would come for ward, and being requested to stand by a number of the electors, he did feel it his duty to appear as a can didate for the support of the honest, humane, and liberal men of Walsall. He placed himself in their hands ; it was for them to do their duty. He then gave a sketch of the history of the National Anti-Corn-law League, of the men who composed it, the objects it had in view-- the abolition of all monopolies and free trade with ail nations of the earth, the means it adopted to obtain these objects, its lectures, and the Anti-Corn-law Cir cular. Upwards of 300 Associations had been formed within the last two years through the exertions of their Missbnarics—seven or eight in number—in En ;land, Ireland, and Scotland. Their tracts have been trans- lated into the Welch language for the instruction of the people in Wales on that important question. They had spared no labour in disseminating a knowledge of these iniquitous laws, and they were now determined to go a step further—on the hustings. They perceived it was only by such a step they could expect to free themselves from the heartless tyranny of the law-makiug landowners, and they had decided to contest the election of every bread-taxer. They could not afford to lose any time, as the vital energies of the country were being fastdestroyed, and it behoved every man to assist in securing a speedy triumph to thisglorious cause. The electors of Walsall had now the opportunity to give their opponents a fatal blow—it rested with them to strike. Mr. RICHARD COBDEN, from Manchester, rose up amidst the most enthusiastic cheers of the meeting. Our space will not permit us to give more than a brief out line of his speech. He came there that evening at much inconvenience to himself and risk of health, being at present indisposed, but could not allow either of these to prevent him from performing a solemn duty, even although it were the cause of his death ; he knew he could not die in a more righteous cause., He came to bear testimony to the character of Mr. Smith, his inti mate friend, and their candidate, and the principles he advocates. He had known him many years as a man of moral integrity, high intellectual attainments, and a constant friend of the people. He recollected the time —some ten years ago—when he stood almost alone in Manchester as the advocate of free trade ; and now, the people of that town having become acquainted with . . the monstrous nature of the bread. tax, and felt its ter rible effects, all arc repeaters ; not a single newspaper in Manchester dare support the corn monopoly. Mr. Smith was Chairman of the Manchester Chamber of Commerce, and of the National Anti-Corn-law Leavue ; he was possessed of great wealth, if they cared a fig for that, and was universally respected in his native town. That League had for its object the breaking up of all monopolies, more especially the unchristian monopoly of the food of man. When he opened the word of God, he found in Gen., c. i., v. 29, " And God said, behold, I have given you es:esy. herb bearing seed, which is upon the face of all the earth, and every tree, in the which is the fruit of a tree yielding seed ; to you it shall he for meat." Now, what is the case ? have men not violated this righteous precept ? Have not the Legislators of this country enacted that corn—the staff of the poor—shall not be admitted to England unless under an enormous duty tantamount to an almost total prohibition ? They have ;—and while they thus vio lated the law and will of God as revealed in the Holy Bible, at the same time they violated a law of nature. Nothing could be plainer to the understanding of man than the will of the Creator on this point. He could not open a single page of the Bible but he found it written in indelible characters ; be saw nothing in that Book about fluctuating duties ; or that the inhabitants of a little spot called England should be confined to the produce of that country. He found no such monstro sity—no such infliction on humanity ; but he found — yes, he found that " he that witholdeth corn from the people shall be cursed of God." The Bible was correct in all things ;it could not be wrong in this. He had been in Palestine—bad seen the cities of the Holy Land, Mount Lebanon, and the waters of the Jordan ; and he always found the Bible his best guide book. No mo dern guide hook excelled it in accuracy or beauty of description ; he had never found it to fail in any case. And can it be supposed to have failed in this? Impos sible ! No man ever did or could say so. When we ap peal to the Bible our opponents are mute ; they have no thing to say ; every page of it condemns their unholy deeds. They may talk about culling- passages or mis quoting ; hut we don't cull passages nor misquote ; we say take the Scriptures, as a whole, and we will undertake to prove that the Corn-laws are unscriptural, unchristian, and terribly iniquitous. He could hardly think of coming down from so high a tribunal—one which, of itself, alone indubitably settles the question—to consider it as a question of figures and a balance of interests, as if the written word of God, the physical constitution of the world, or any law of nature, could or did operate against the interest or happiness of any single indi vidual or class of men. For any man to entertain such a case, proved his want of the spirit of Christianity and his trust in the goodness and wisdom of the Almighty—the merciful-Father of all mankind. The population of the United Kingdom, at present, was estimated to be about taenty z aix millions, and it had been proved that the soil was not capable of raising more food than was sufficient to support fif teen millions. What was the duty of legislators, professing to be disciples of our Saviour, in such circum stances ? To prohibit the admission of the surplus food of other countries—to say to the people you must be contented with a short allowance ? No, no ! They would cry aloud, " Let abundance be in the land—let us succour the poor and needy, the naked and the hun gry." My friends, do we ever hear our landowning law makers cry thus ? Never. Let no man, or Minister of the Gospel, professing the religion of Jesus Christ, tell me he is a Christian if he votes for a bread-taxer. They may talk about Infidels and Socialists, but rest assured he is not a Christian who supports a system which sacrifices the health, the comfort, the happiness, ~....., and the prosperity of his fellow-men—sends to prema ture graves thousands every year by disease, engendered through starvation caused by the landlords' food mono poly. But while the landowning law-makers taxed the food of the poor industrious man—the article they themselves produced—by preventing its importation into this country, unless it had reached a starvation price, they legislated so that few of the comforts, and none of the luxuries, should bo under such restriction. He had travelled over the greater part of the Conti nent ; had been in France and Portugal ; there he saw the choicest of wines castled and shipped ; if he asked where these were going—" To London," was the reply. In Spain he saw boxes of the finest fruits, tastily packed and fancifully decorated ; he inquired where they were going—" To London." From Italy and Russia he found were sent to London likewise the richest of their silks and furs ; but, my friends, you never heard of a fluctu ating scale of duty to any of these articles. The rich alone can purchase there luxurious productions, and they have carefully exempted them from heavy taxation. The repeal of the Corn-laws was not a ques tion of politics—of Whig, Tory, or Radical—of one party or another party ; it was a ques tion of justice, the right to live by honest in dustry. He contended that every man had a right to live by his labour, be it by his head or hands, or both. The Corn-laws, by contracting the market and the supply of food, deprived millions in this country of that right. Much had been said about the home trade by Mr. Gladstone and his friends, that it would be ruined by the repeal of the bread -tax, &c. He was in the home trade, manufactured for that trade, and would feel extremely obliged by any gentleman st e ppi ng upon that platform and showing him how the home trade would be ruined ; if he could, he would be the first to renounce tins ug,ttAtion. lie was deeply interested to this question. He employed about 600 people, paid upwards of 25,0001. yearly in Wages, and turned over I about 150,000/. in business in the same period. Thus r the prosperity and permanency of the home trade was a matter of some importance to him, probably as much so as to any tnanufa c tu rer i n thi s b oro ugh. It was not his wish to boast, but merely to state facts. And whom did the manufacturers chiefly depend upon, even in the home trade ? Was it upon such as any of the Duke of Buckingham's petty agricultural villages ? No. It was upon such towns as London, Birmingham, Wolver hampton, Walsall, Leeds, &c. And what did he find was the ease ? Why, that when our foreign commerce was depressed, the home trade was invariably bad ; that was a notorious fact, the consequence of which was, that those engaged in foreign trade were obliged to manuf?e• ture for the home market to support existence, by which means the wages of labour, and profits of capital were re duced to the lowest scale, and would still keep gradually falling, and assuredly would continue to sink, so long as they were restricted to the present system and markets, and the population increased, as it would always do. Some of his men earned about two guineas weekly, a consider able number got as much as 0 58., who had been ap prentices—and a still larger number about 20s. ; boys and girls, from nine to twelve years of age, received from 3s. to 55., and unskilled labourers, men who had learned no particular occupation, from 12s. to 14s. He would respectfully ask if the mechanics in Walsall were receiving better wages than those he had no stated ? (Cries of " No, no; nothing like it.") Well, then, it was certain, that unless the food monopoly was speedily destroyed, h e , nor no ot h er man , cou ld l ong give the present rate of wages . I t was i mposs ibl e , while the German was d a ily un d erse lli ng t h em i n mos t o f their ma nufactures, as had be en a l rea d y a bly s h e wn that evening by their friend Mr. Walker. They must go down the social scale, how:far no man could tell. Much had been said about Irishmen immigrating to England ; he did not see what ought to prevent them ; they had a right to sell their labour at the best advantage—this was the great principle they were contending for ; yet he could not help fearing the time might come when the English man would be reduced to the condition of the present Irish peasant ; this was certain, that unless our com mercial system were immediately revised, it would be ine vitable. He would not d e t a i n them any longer. He seriously entreated the electors to consider their position —the eyes of the country were upon them. He did not use that expression in die sense it was used in a petty election by party, where no one cared about it be yond its own precinca it they did return an anti monopolist he would come back to congratulate the men of Walsall on the victory they had achieved for themselves and their country; if not, he, as a private individual, would not wish to share the obloquy and scorn that awaited them. Mr. Monnay, from Liverpool, having arrived since the !fleeting commenced, was introduced by Mr. SMith. He stated that last night a meeting of upwards of 2,000 people assembled in Liverpool to address the men of Walsall, and to petition Parliament for the repeal of the bread-tax. He had been sent by that meeting to induce them to do their duty in the present contest, and trusted they would. After Mr. Murray had done, Mr. COBDEN again rose and entreated discussion without calling any one forth. A few suggestions were then made by a gentleman as; to the propriety of getting up a requisition to Mr. Glad stoue, inviting him to appear with Mr. Smith before the electors ; after which the meeting quietly dispersed. Tne utmost enthusiasm prevailed throughout the pro ceedings, the different speakers being often interrupted by shouts of applause. FRlDAY.—Another large meeting was held this even ing. The Dragon Assembly Room was crowded to overflow. Eloquent addresses were delivered by Messrs. Acland, Kettle, Smith, and Cobden. MEDICAL REFORM-THE QUAR TERLY REVIEW AND THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON. In an article on " Medical Reform," in the last number of the Quarterly Review, are some misrepresentations and mis-statements respecting the University of London which the author would not have ventured to make had he been at all acquainted with the regulations and progress of that institution. In this article the following remark oc curs :•—" We conclude that it was the failure of the Me tropolitan University which led Mr. Warburton, at the close of the last Session of Parliament, to lay on the table of the House of Commons his Bill for the registration of medical practitioners." What the failure or success of the Metropolitan Uni versity had to do with the registration of medical prac titioners is not very evident. The failure of that institu tion could not have rendered medical reform more, as its remarkable success has not rendered it less, necessary. However that may be, the following statement of facts will show that the Metropolitan University, so far from being a failure, has had a degree of success, unexampled, per haps, in the progress of such institutions, and has al ready exerted a highly beneficial influence in raising the standard of general and medical education throughout the country. The University of London was established by charter in November 1836, and the first matriculation examination was held in October 1438, During the period between these two dates the members of the University were assiduously engaged in considering and drawing up a course of education and arranging the subjects of exami nation for graduates in literature and science, in law and in medicine. Committees of these different faculties were formed, and each Committee was required to draw up and present to the Senate a report upon the particular subject which it embraced. Fully sensible of the importance of the task thus imposed upon them, the Committees endea voured to obtain the fullest information on the present state of education in this and other countries. The Com mittee of the Faculty of Medicine in particular, from the involved state of the subject in this country, occupied much time in the preparation of their Report; and, in order that they might have the assistance of those whom they thought most likely to afford them useful and practical information, the Report, when in an advanced state, was sent to the most important medical schools and to many of the moat distinguished medical men throughout the kingdom (among wh om were not a few who had ample " experience in hospi ta l s an d sc h oo l s ," as well as " inter. course with student s ,") w i t h a request that they would sub mit it to a critic a l exam i nat i on, an d f avo ur the Committee with their opinion freely on every point of importance in the proposed system of medical education. The result of this invitation was a number of communications sufficient to form a goodly-sized volume, which constitutes not the least remarkable or valuable part of the printed records of the University. A similar plan was adopted by the Com mittee on arts, although to a less extent. In addition to accurate information on the institutions of this country, the regulations respecting the extent of education, the method of teaching, and the mode of conducting examinations iu all the principal States of Europe were obtained through our Ambassadors. From these and other sources a mass of valuable information was collected, of which the members of the Committees availed themselves to the best of their abilities in drawing up their respective re ports for the consideration of the Senate. The reports of the Committees, after being presented to the Senate, were submitted to a searching examination by a Com mittee of the whole Senate, and, after being printed and considered, were finally examined by the Senate, before they became regulations of the University. Thus much is stated here to show that the members of the Metropo litan University spared no pains to perform the important duties which had been entrusted to them by the Govern ment. The The The regulations of the University were published in May, and the first matriculation examination was fixed for October, 1838. Twcnty.two candidates presented themselves—a number surely as large as could have been reasonably expected, considering the extent of the ex amination, and the short period which had elapsed since the publication of the regulations. The subjoined table exhibits the progressive increase of candidates during the two years in which the University has been in operation. NUMBER OF CANDIDATES WHO HAVE PASSED THE SEVERAL EXAMINATIONS. 1838. Examinationlor Matriculation -- 1839. Examination for Matriculation Degree of Bachelor of Arts l7 . Bachelor of Laws ••• ••• ... Bachelor of Medicine, •• Ist Exam 16 /. 25 ' 2d Exam 9 ... Doctor of Medicine ... 2 77 1840. Examination for Matriculation ... Degree of Bachelor of Arts... 3O Master of Arts ••• Bachelor of Laws ••• Bachelor of Medicine, Ist Exam 341 2d Exam... _l9 i" 57 Doctor of Medicine ••• ••• Total ........ 26 practitioners. Those who wish to obtain this .listinction aru allowed to matriculate and begin their profession while they arc yet boy:. at the age ot sixteen years, and to pcc sent themselves for their last examination, to as to be es teemed practitioners, as soon as they havr, 4 pasted their twenty-first birthday. Fourteen different kinds of lectures are included in the curriculum, being five more than Ilion, which are required by the College of Surgeems and So ciety of Apothecaries; while the attendance ort hospital practice, which we believe to be of more importance than all the lectures put torether, is actually less. The whole system, as it appears to us, is unnecessarily complicated. Yet we must acknowledge that it affords evidence of good intentions on the part of those who formed it. They see m to have been realty anxious to place the rnedi,.'o profes sion on as high ground as possible ; but they have :(0t had that experience in hospitals and schools, nor that triter course with stud en t s , w hi c h th e y s h o uld have bad, to enable them to understand the true principles of media; education." The Reviewer's fears lest the University should even tually look to its own interests more than those of the community are very natural, with the example of the me dical corporations before his eyes ; but fortunately it hap pens that the University of London has no interests but those of the community. With respect to the minimum age at which candidates should be allowed to commence their medical studies, the subject was carefully considered and discussed by the members of the University ; and it was believed that the time occupied in acquiring a good preliminary and full medical education would regulate the matter of age The writer in the Quarterly I?avierv, moreover, must know full well, that the practical part of the medical edu cation of young men, is chiefly acquired after the de gree or diplorna is obtained, by an attendance on hos pital?, dispensaries, or as assistants to medical practi tioucra, and that few indeed are entrusted with the treatment of disease until they have reached an age far beyond that which a University could require. The regulations of the University respecting attendance on lecture:, as a means of instruction, are more in ac cordance with the critic's views than he imagines. Six courses of lectures only are required, not, fourteen, as stated by the Reviewer. The members of the University, after mature consideration, thought it better to leave the mode of acquiring instruction as much as possible to the pupils themselves. They distinctly pointed out the whole of the subjects on which the candidates for medical degrees would be examined, but left them to acquire the information as they found best, with the exception of requiring proofs of their having attended a recognised school each year of their studies. But while, in such branches of knowledge as might be acquired - either from books or lectures, .the pupils arc left to choose for themselves, the University requires proof of this candidate having been actually engaged in the practi cal departments of his profession. With respect to hos pital attendance, which, we agree with the Reviewer, is the most important part of medical cdtica!ion, the period required of the bachelor of medicine is two years . and a half. The doctor. of medicine, in addition to the above period, is required to attend two years, 1: e. to have four years and a half's attendance on hospital practice.. Let us now see whether this amount of hospital. attendance be less, as is asserted by the Reviewer, than that required by the other institutions : . 1 i years. APOTHECARIES' COMPANY require COLLEGE of SURGEONS (since 1840) The COLLEGE of PHYSICIANS, Licentiates, or those who practise in London, or within seven miles of it . . . . 3 years. 'or Extra-Licentiates, or those who practise be yond the circle of seven miles around London, 1 year. The UNIVERSITY Cr LONDON, For Bael,e'or6 of Medicine . . . . 2i- years. For D6otors of Medicine . . . 4i years. So much for the attention whi c h the Raviewcr has be stowed on the course of instruction promulgated by the University which he has so unscrupulously condemned 1 But the system is said to be unnecessarily complicated. It may appear so to one who, like our critic, has not taken the trouble to examine it ; but it has not occurred that . 3 years. ne of the numerous candidates who have presented them selves for examination, has had the smallest difficulty in comprehending it. The University requires -Ist, That the pupil shall, before he enters on the study of medicine, give proof of having had a liberal education, by his passing the matri culation examination ; 2J, that he shall be occupied four years in the study of medicine ; 3d, that he shall pass two examinations for the degree of Bachelor of Medicine— one at the end of the second year of his studies, and the other when his studies are terminated ; 4th, the subjects on which the candidate will be tested at each examination, are clearly pointed out, and thus the order in which they may be best acquired is indicated to him. A less com plicated system could scarcely Le imagined, or one more suited to prepare the pupil for entering with advantage on the study of medicine, and guide him in acquiring a knowledge of the different branches, of his profession, leaving him at the same time the utmost liberty in select ing his sources of instruction. But while the University leaves the utmost license to the pupil in the mode of ob taining information, it has endeavoured to render the exa minations real tests of the candidate's proficiency. With this view, he is examined on every subject laid down in the curriculum : Ist, by means of written papers; 24, by viva voce interrogations ; and, 3d, when the subject admits of a prawical examination, that is added. It would be difficult, we think, to devise a system of education better suited to stimulate both pupil and teacher, or a mode of examination more calculated to test the can didate's proficiency, than that which has just been de scribed; and now that the writer in the Quarterly Review knows something of the regulations of the Metropolitan University and their results hitherto, he may be disposed to admit that the members have given evidence of some thing more than " good intentions," and that they do know something of the " true principles of medical education." Had they not taken a more.liberal and ealightened view of medical education than the Reviewer has of medical re form, the Metropolitan University would assuredly have been a failure. The truth is, that the University of London has already done more to raise the standard of medical education, and place the medical profession on higher ground, than all the chartered medical institutions in the kingdom have done from their first establishment up to the present time. The University has been in active operation about two years only, and at this moment there is not, we believe, a medical school of any character in the British dominions which has not applied to be recognised by it ; and col leges of general education over the whole country have solicited the same recognition, and have in consequence increased the extent and raised the standard of their courses of instruction to the requirements of the University, The regulations of the Metropolitan University have thus given a stimulus to education throughout the whole kingdom, a result highly gratifying to the members of the institu tion, and which, had it been the only effect of their la bours would be sufficient to justify the expectations of its founders and the expenditure which it has cost the country. BANK OF FRANCE. (From the Morning Chronicle.) The yearly balance sheet of the Bank of France has recently been published, giving an exact account of the tiffairs of that institution up to the 31st 1/Tcrnber. These accounts also exhibit the average position of the Bank for the preced►ng quarter, and the result of the operations for the last six months. The fullness and precision of these documents afford a striking contrast to the partial and vague information derived by the people of this country from the average Gazette returns of the Bank of England. In no respect is the contrast so striking as in respect of the relative amounts of specie in proportion to the circulation possessed by these two national establishments, as may be seen from the subjoined comparisons of the most recent returns of each : lows :-- Bullion in Bank Coffers. Circulation. 1835 £6,626,000 £17,321,a00 1836 1837 Its3S . ... 9,362,000 • 18,469,009 1839 The average about X 6,318,000 bullion against £17,576,000 of circulation. Stating the French returns in our money, the ave rage of the maximum of coin is about 9,533,000/. against 9,225,0001. of maximum average of notes in circulation. These results cannot fad to attract at tention, and it must not be forgotten that they prove the working of a national bank conducted under the immediate superintendence and control of officers chosen by the Crown, and subjected to periodical publicity by its actual position, in contrast with the Bank of England, managed without any such right of interference by the Crown, and affording no account to the public of its actual position. • They give such decided weight to the principle of Crown interference and Parliamentary control, as acting beneficially for the public interests, affording steadiness of prices and the convertibility of paper issues, that we almost consider the precedent deci sive in favour of the adoption of the same principle in this country. Difference of opinion, in and out of Parliament, will no doubt be entertained as to the extent to which the principle ought to be carried in renewing the Charter of the Bank of England ; but we are confident it will not long be anything more than a difference of degree. The expediency of having the national currency subjected to the control of Parliament, through the supervision of nfficers appointed by the Crown, we believe will soon be generally admitted by the leading men of all parties. The precedent is directly in point. The Bank of Eng land have thought it no humiliation to borrow gold upon the security of the dead weight from the Bank of France, and the obligation should now be renewed by borrowing a leaf also out of their book of financial management. We think the principle so sound, and have seen the beneficial result of its opera tions so clearly in the affairs of the Bank of France, that we have :ittle difficulty in coming to the decision, that in this country it ought to be car ried to the full extent of placing the issuing depart ment separately and entirely under the control and management of Crown officers. '['he interests in volved here nre vastly beyond those in France. The notes of the Bank of England alone, without in cluding the country issues, are nearly double in amount to those of the Bank of France, and, Om.- fore, the controlling power should be proportionably stringent. The merely negative process of super vision which would be obtained by the presidency of the Crown officers at the weekly board would not work with sufficient energy or harmony. To reach the safe haven of rest, the sittings and actions of the Crown officers aid those of theShareholtiers'officers must be separate and independent, in respect, at least, of the process of issuing the paper money. The elec tion of the Governor and Deputy-Governor by the Crown would naturally entitle those officers to preside at the meetings of the General Beard, but the propriety of such a step requires more space than we can afford at present. The indispensable preliminary to Crown in terference at all is the extinction of the debt due by the Government to the Bank—an easy and necessary er r rangement. BANK OF FRANCE. BANK OF ENGLAND. Circulation, Dec. Circulation, Jan. 31, 1840 £9,666,000 5, 1841, Bullion Deposit Accounts, Deposits including Trea sury Balance ... 7,073,000 We thus see that while the specie on hand in the Bank of France is only 338,0001. less than the amount of its issues, the bullion in the Bank of England is 12,555,000/. below the circulation, and that the bullion in the Bank of France is nearly three times as great as that possessed by the Bank of England. By the original constitution of the Bank of France, the management was vested in a general council, entirely chosen by the shareholders, but that form of administration was altered by the law of 22d April, 1806, when the central committee was replaced by a governor and two deputy-governors chosen by the Crown. Oa the fall of the empire, the introduction of the agents, chosen by the Crown, was represented as an act of tyranny, and an attempt was made to dispense with them ; but the opposition was ul timately unsuccessful, and the Crown patronage is still continued. The Bank offers no Abjection to the in terference of the Government, and the law of June, 18.10, gave full effect to it. The report of M. Du faure of April last says, " Your Committee also approve of it without reserve ; not that they would wish to afford to the Government a means resorted to at former periods of procuring irregularly the re sources of which it might stand in aced ; they are of opinion, on the contrary, that the public treasury should never treat with the Bank except by mutual consent, on conditions respectively agreed to, and as every other capitalist would do. But such would be the influence on the value of all transferable articles, and consequently on all private fortunes, of an unlimited ex tension of, or of an imprudent restriction in, this im mense circulation of notes performing the functions of [Honey, and of a change in the rate of interest whieh the Bank charges in this enormous mass of discounts ; or of a refusal to render to commerce the gratuitous services which is owes it ; that it i 5 impossible to expose society to the chances of the errors which may be committed, or of the bad calculations which may be made by a pri vate company armed with such extensive powers." The French legislators in this report demonstrate very plainly that they foresaw the dangers attending the possession of the power of making money by any class of individuals. They specify the evils which society would be exposed to by such a system, and therefore they have wisely appointed officers chosen by the Crown, to preside over the deliberations of the Directors chosen by the shareholders, the former of whom sign all agreements and covenants, without whose approbation no bill can he discounted, nor of conse quence, we presuanc,reje3ted ; nar can any resolution be carried into effect, unless signed by the governor uppointed by the Crown. The constitution of the Bank •of France, then, which is admitted, on all hoods, to have worked better for the pui,lic in terests than that of any other iu the world, fur- EVEN ING EDITION t t e e s i . aestr pmei ti c...,, -;l eNcl, es,. - ---.. precedent for the checks of publics ty concluded on October 29, between the , representactir . of niches a direct and of Crowo t 'fficers under Pdrliamentary cot i f ;1 • 0 1, •to IForanipicpeoianntdathcoemGmoist.teeren,moefnttvhoicfhßminile protect society: from the evils of unlimited po , ,ve rofi s was named president, a n d M essrs . Pi erre Bang ttliks . \lt\ suing paper in oney being vested in private hand B. G. Bellemare, secretaries ; who having , sit 'reitieetta -- eiliC k '; [fader the influi ince of such control our French neig'a og of the bases of a petition. ce or assembly, and read the following; resolutio '''.i 1- ' '' ''' boors allow the privilege to the Bank of Fran TH , to. j ertee' atsr - ...,,.,. _ - .t ~ , being a national bank of issue. Such an engrafti a y sse th rr e ,ble i.n d " ' Resolutions I. The French, residenite iitlllooto Parliamentary et intro!, and of officers appointed bi ' the video and making them:miens' iipcie teirpleeree'ters of the French .rqsidesaw at Crown to presid aat the meetings of our Bank D irec- taneousl tors, would bee 'n improvement on the constitutio nof Buenos Ayres,.in order to make a national manifestation the Bank of Engl and, but it would only be a palliation of their sentiments on the subject of the treate , coneluched of the disease. . It would not, we fear, be a rad cal on the - 9 9th of October last between the French repre eitire ; and, unless unit ed with perfect publicity of ; the sentative and Governor Rases, declare that this treaty has arNirs of the instil ution, no great benefit would acct ue been made with an illegal power unqualified to negotiate, front it. To effect substantial real good for the peep !e, anciwhich has forfeited the respect and co,efidence of the we n e - est go back ti 3 first principles, and have the so le world; that it is illusory, and seriously cok - nprornises the .. , present and future interests of the French its these coun reel 0, whether specie or convertee e money of the tries; they, therefor , I tom the Crown, e, declare that they solemnly clisay never, etnatia ling ..... . subjected to pet' - prove this treaty. 1,1, , itl 7 altst toofficie Parliamentar 0t l "' 2. The French f eat [ vim.' .... . ~ en y cnra • residents address th sel Yes to the • the ePie or k . rance placin so tr When we ssli ___ ...eme_t of a s ong a Chamber of Deputies of France, to obtain °ln • the no..urai'ifi. their Bank to as subinit A ltion of the treaty of 29th Oct •4 the own i. LI October last, seeing net curbordy ups, • t• e t s.: , areholders to the constant tit does not in any respect . of L i •,- , sup, sr- thaaccomplish the exigencies of the actions „ t eit C rown efficers, although the '' interests, b cc en thou ~ .ut further seriously com inenisee th vision and co 1. " •2 hestablishment . ,• te . .frequently excee ,t a honour and dignity of the French name i Me - ° in the coffers o. t 'eceon, and is never much below i:, are an , - ninated as a Committee to draw up this ad s ' s". . their notes in ciro. & the conclusion, upon a parity o f .. . 3 . The French residents, in order to give ' d o re ht s' • solutions o p,i.rich they have adopted the solemnit to d' ire we can only come td -d, where the circulation of the. penance reqt2n:ed ET their object and nature, a y i»oirx: M a; reasoning, that in Engle, s 16-1 to 3.5 against the spe their delegate i.e Paris 31. —, whom they charge i with Bank of England stands b. 'he trading and commercial powers to represect them, And to support their demands in Cie en hand, and where , • the interference of the .ana,etiveand effi c i en t m anner ; tn interests arc so imen , e tha\ ' a b e carr i e d to a muc h i ~ 4 lt is also resolved that ' ' • . ' tJc riseheions agreed upon Crown and Parliament ought i the rights of property. :shall be signed, in the - name of the asset -icily, h% the prop:- farther extent, in order to proteft •. of France, end its dent and secretaries, that all p?ssible pe-blicity shall be The coin in the coffers of the Bank, • " .. 99 inclusive, were A •iven to them, and that an officialcopy shell he sent to circulation for the years 183 A to TIN. )ranee,' with a view to the accomplishment o.f the comm as follows : Circulation. Pllated object.' Coin in Bank Coffers. Notes ie.% • ' . ePeimum " The third proposition having been read, the meeting Maximum 31inimum Maximum ...' 1 , 21an: . 5 , ut ianimously elected as its delegate in Paris,. M. Alfred Francs. Francs. 'Francs. ". tave Bellemare, and as its 90 ‘ t ,in us . 1835...203,207,200 130,8P,278 9 41;879,000 20'4. 10 4,b 1,500 b.. 1 of Deputies M Mermilloid. On the proposition of' .14. 1836_192 ; 916,100 89,98 9 ,044 9 31,873,000 196,537 1837...248,221,300 103,702,344 916,912,000 190,079,j -0 0 V illant, that a second deputy should b e c h arge d w i t h the: 1838-298,208,000 235,003,000 927,713,500 195,225,500 i ti , a w rests of the meeting in the Chamber of D eput i es , i t as: 1839...249,091,500 202,814,500 234,740,500 195,880,500 wre , 'd to leave this to the discretion of th e d e l egate an d' T he average will be about 1 ° y:dready appo • Mn. DESRROSSES, BELLEMARE, and BANON.' inted.—Signed by the three s ecre t ar i es , Maximum of Coin. Maximum of Circulation. d, 'eat 44 Francs. Francs. 238,328,820 " 230,626,200 Minimum. Minimum. 152,338,8.33 196,984,900 The circulation and bullion of the Bank of England for the years 183.5 to 1839 inclusive, taking the amounts from the average Gazette returns in the months of December for , each year, were as fol- PORTUGAL. Lisn JAN. 11, 2 r.ta•—The Climber of Deputies J AN exclusively engaged in balloting for the has beets unittees• On the election of the Finance various cot Icier ,`he immediate superintendence of Mi- Committee, u. h.'odrigo Pereira Ferraz, the actual Se nisters,'M. A .4 lort: cretariof State iO, Oct departhaos4, was excluded. This among the members of all 4Nnii. • has caused much su." , t,ce is composed o f M essrs . G. plexions. The Combat, valb9, Comes d e Castro, 13. Ferreira, Jose da Siiva 0 4- M. 0. Borges. J. J. Falcso,- Av u a , and Roma. M. Some called the , Notwithstanding the little iterest this session has hitherto offered to public curiosi. 'y' f the M e t ro p o li tan attention of the house to a petitionwhich he pre sente d, a copy of which I subjoin, nunierousl "fined by the various y- commanders, officers, and privates o. S., ores, who, ac tilar, came National Guard, complaining of a circ a liar from th e Ad ministrator- General of the 30th of Decemi tier ult., i n w hi c h he ~rders that the soldiers of thi s c i v i c t. corlng to the construction of the said ‘ within the meaning or are liable to th e d ecree of the 13th of that month, are to join the new corps rai se d . under the same. This petition met with the sympathy o f t. 'e majo rity of the Chamber, who decided that it should b e forth with referred to the Committee of Public Instructio. n fur its repot. To return to the Douro question, which:still continues td" be the all-engrossing topic. At two o'clock on Friday morning last, Count de Almoster (son of the Marquis de Saldanha) arrived express from Madrid, in sixty hours ; at eight o'clock a Cabinet Council was held at the Home Department, and, after a short deliberation, proceeded to the Palace of the Nccessidades. At two they went down to the Cortcs, where an immense concourse of per sons, eager to hear some important communication, had assembled ; but, to their bitter disappointment and mor tification, not a single disclosure was made. This, of course, gave rise to conjectures that the news could not be of a palatable nature ; and in the evening, at eight o'clock, a meeting was held at the hotel of the Deputy Joaquim Jose Pereira de Mello, which was a,t.. tended by the Dukes de Palmella and Terceira, a) few Senators, and the greater part of the Ministerie Deputies. Here, again, however, nothing of moment: was divulged, Ministers confining themselves to Om vague statement, that the Cabinet of Madrid wmald not consent to withdraw the ultimatum of thetth of December; it having decided only upon waiting until the end of this month, January, for the fulfilment of the promises made by Portugal, and that the mediation of Great Britain was not deemed by it to be necessary. It is, nevertheless, understood, that the Regency of Spain will not treat further with the actual Ministry, nor accept the mediation of England, sad that A strong military force is in readiness to march upon the frontiers of this kingdom without delay. A Foreign-offi,le courier was despatched for Madrid yesterday afternoon aft five o'clodk, with the answer to the express received on tie preceding morning, which states, I am informed, that Ole Govern ment will accept the extension of the thirty days, but in si:ts on the mediation of England. Ministers, 1 . 14 w ever, hold out, that if they cannot carry the question .in the Cortes within the period mentioned, they wili retire .from office. The Spanish Government expresses itself angry at tha hostile demonstrations Portugal is making, without firm publishing a manifesto declaratory of the cause, and dtilF asks if Portugal is about to wage war against her. It is next to impossible, in this distracted state of affairs, to hazard an opinion as to how tills quarrel will end, the difficutties That now surround Ministers being of more than ordinary magnitude. Another very serious circumstance, which must tend to cause extraordinary embarrassment to the advisers of the Crown is, that the populace of the Alto Minho have risen in arms, and spread themselves into many districts for the object of prcventing the enforced recruitments; to such an extent have they carried their resistance, that they have already come in contact with a detachment of the 18th Regiment of Infantry, killing some soldiers and rescuing the recruits they had made. It is farther said that they have killed two Justices of the Peace, and that the autho rities, through fear, havo ceased to coerce the people, and, consequently to fulfil the order of the Government. . In the Lczirias - many persons are going about with arms, re sisting the Recruitment Act, and a considerable number of persons have fled from the Alemtejo to Spain from the same cause. The authorities of Portalegre hare, from being menaced with assassination, loft unexecuted the ihjunctions of Government upon this head ; in fact, every thing augurs a dissolution and breaking up in the interior of this ill-fated country. The preparations for war are still actively going on, and every demonstration to repel invasion is manifested ; 110 pieces of artillery arc already planted on the lines 'of the capital, which, with its suburbs, is said to have fur nished 5,200 men for the standing army ; and orders have accordingly been issued to some of the parish overseers to suspend further impressment, The Porto steamer, having on board the Duke da Ter ceira and Staff, the Count Villa Heal (the ex-Foreign Se c. etary) to command the first division, and Viscount da Serra do Pilar, left for Oporto on Saturday last. The gallant and distinguished Duke will, soon after his arrival there, proceed to Valence and other important military points in the northern provinces. The debate on the speech from the throne will com mence in the Senate to-morrow. The Baron dc Oleiros, a rich land proprietor in the Beira Baixa, his two sons, and other emigrants implicated in the cineute of Castello Branco, who took refuge in Cuidad Rodrigo and Ayamonte, have at length, after the repeated remonstrances of the Marquis de Saldanha, been removed to Salamanca. The Baron and his followers have refused the amnesty of her Majesty the Queen. Arrived on the 7th instant—The Espoir brig of war, from Falmouth. The schooner Wave, from Newfound land 39 days, bound to Jersey, laden with dry codfish and oil. On the Bth, the brig Thames, from Leghorn 30 days, with a general cargo, bound to London, was compelled to bear up for this port, having on the 3d instant, when about 100 miles from the British Channel, been struelt . ty a heavy sea : she will probably have to discharge under quarantine. The schooner Buoy Yacht, from Cardiff 25 days, laden with iron, bound to Oporto, has suffered severely from boisterous seas and weather, and vlll dis charge. The Royal Tar steam-packet, from London and Falmouth, with the mail of the 2d instant. On the 10th the Iberia steam-packet, from Gibraltar and Cadiz. The French brig Mathilde, from Martinique in 43 days, bound to Havre de Grace, laden with coffee, sugar, logsvood. and turn, with loss of bulwarks, stanchions, and two of the crew washed overboard. The schooner Orange Branch, from Dartmouth in nine days, bound to St. Michael's, with damage to her rudder. The cargo of the brig Homer, which put in here on the Ist instant, is discharging under quarantine ; the wheat is much heated. Sailed on the 9th.—The Royal Tar steam-packet, for Cadiz and Gibraltar. Trinculo and ervette F cn h Espoir brigs, British ; La Coquette, c and r F brig, Foreign Ships of War in the Ta g us Brandy-wine frigate, United States; Swedish. rei ; discount on ex-paper mon ey, 60 to 62 per cent. Guard's petition above referred the National Exchange upon London at 30 days' sight, 53d. per mil refer The rse odn following btto 0 r: TsDeputios of the Portuguese Nation,—The undersigned comm andants, officers, and privat es o f th e LiN N a tional Guard, having receiv e d, on t h e 30t h o f December n .e n her the enclose d c i rcular , in which the Administra tor-General of this district orders that a ll c i tizens w h o by es the decree of the 13th of December last ceased to belong to the National Guard, be transferred to the National Bat talions, and demands that withi n t h e space o f e i g h t d a y s a diviidtutahelsi:ro duty wh to layomsuch before the i been relation t granted,in of the consideri the Senhores Deputies the following " By the constitution of the monarchy. Art. 121. the National Guard constitutes part of the public force, and the actual law by which it is regulated, pointing out the individuals of which it ought to be composed, cannot be considered as altered, except when very expressly declared so, and by legal means ; and much less can the Adminis trator-General give the decree such interproalion. So much so does the decree suppose the National Guard to be in existence, that in the Stir article it Rays, • that officers can be nominated from among pees( ns of probity, &c., although belonging to the National Guard,' and no revocation taking place of the law by which it is governed, the undersigned consider themselves de jute ct de facto members of it, and that they ought to be kept in it ; for which reason they ask the Senhores De p uties r , f the Por tuguese nation to be pleased to take thin expo-itior, under their consideratien, and cause to 142 respected the authority of the laws in c onformity to the 37th article of tL Con stitution." The Cheltenham stag hounds recommenced hunting this week, fresh as kittens from their long holiday, and anxious for a turn with the antlered monarch of the park• SUMMARY. 1 838. 18.39. 1840, Matriculations ........................... 22 30 69 - Graduntes : Bachelors of Art 5...... M a sters of Arts 3 Bachelors of Law s 3 '2 (Ist Exam. in Med i cine 1839 1040 16 38) Bachelors of Medicine (2d examination) ........ . Doctors of Medicine._ .. 2 1 • 31 t - .. 5 These facts afford the best refutation of the assumption that the 111!tropolitan University is a failure. So far from its proving, a failure, its success is, perhaps, unequalled in the history of similar institutions, and this, too, although it had to contend with difficulties of no ordinary kind at almost every step of its progress. In the department of medicine the succe ss of the institution has been most tri umphant, m o'e especially when it is consider e d th a t the candidaterequired to give p r oof of a liberal preliminary a ut, is rc education, and that the examinations in medicine are upon a more extended scale, and, we believe, much more searching than those of any other institution in the coun try, and that the degree grants no license to practise. We shall now examine the force of the strictures of the Reviewer on the course of instruction required by the Uni versity. After pointing, out some of the faults of the medical corporations, the writer, referring to the Univer sity of London, observes : In this new institution (the Metropolitan University), the faults of its predecessors seem to have been'rather ex aggerated than otherwise. As far es we can perceive, it is restionsible only to itself; acid it will be remarkable if, eventually, I t does no: luuk to Its own interests more than [to chase of the community. The degree of Bachelor of Medicine is said to be iutended for the class of general FORTIFTCATIONS OF PARIS. The following is the text of the project of law on the fortifications of Paris, as it has been amended by the Commission : ‘• Art. 1. A sum of 140,000,000 f. is specially allotted to the works of the fortifications of Paris. . . " Art. 2. These works comptise :-1. A continuous line of enclosure embracing the tern banks of the Seine, bastioned and terraced, with ten metres of escarpment fronted with masonry.-2. Exterior casemated work. " Art. 3. The funds allotted to those works are to be employed simultaneously towards the execution of the enclosure and the exterior works, and divided between the different estimates, arid in propertions determined How. " Art. 4. The sum of 140,000,000 f. comprises that of 13,000,000 f., forming the amount of credits already opened in 1840 for the rame purpose, to the Ministers of War and Public Works, by the royal ordonnances of the loth of September, and 4th and sth of October. Out of the sum of 127,000,000 f. rem lining to be disposed of, there is allotted the sum of 35,000,000 f. for the works to be executed in 1841, and 20,000,000 f. for those in 1842. Such portions of these credits which shall not be employed in the period to which they are allotted, shall be carried to the account of the succeeding period. " Art. 5. Provision shall be made for these different credits out of the ordinary and extraordinary ways and means for 1840, 1841, and 1842. _ _ _ " Art. 6. The expenses caused by the department of public works, in virtue of the ordonnances of 10th, 19th, and 29th September, and 4th, Bth, and 19th October, 1840, shall be liquidated by the Minister of that depart ment, and paid out of the credit of seven millions which remains open to him, to the amount of this credit. The excess, if there be any after this liquidation, shall be paid upon the ordonnanccs of the Minister of War, and upon the credits opened by the present law. " Art. 7. The first zone of military servitudes, such as it is regulated by the law of 17th July, 1819, shall alone be applied to the continuous enclosure and the exterior forts. This signal zone, of 250 metres, shall be measured from the capitals of the bastions, to begin from the crest of their glacis. " Art. 8. The actual limits of the octroi of Paris cannot be changed, except in virtue of a special law. Art. 9. There shall be an account given to the Cham bers every year of the progress of the execution of the works ordered by the present law." To which, for the public understanding the subject, we add the project of law as originally presented by the Go vernment, and of which the bill, as it now stands, is a mo dification : " Art. 1. A sum f 140' millions is specialty devoted to the works of the for Acations of Paris. ' • " This sum incli.ides that of 13 millions, forming the amount of the credits already granted in 1840 for the same destination to the Ministers of War and Public Works, by the Royal Ordonnance, of the 10th September, 4th and 25th of October last. Art. 2. The credit of 127 millions, necessary to com plete the sum of 140 millions, is divided as follows: Works to be executed in the first place Works to be executed in the second place Total a mount 127,000,000f " Art. 3. The sum of 75 millions, to be applied aecovd ing to the preceding article to the works to be executed in the first place, shall be divided into three yearly allow anees commencing from 1841. " To this effect a credit extraordinary of 35 millions is issued for the Minister and Secretary of War for the year 1841. " The portion of the eret:fit not ,employia during the year 1841, shall be carried on to the allowance of the fol lowing year. " Art. 4. The credit extraordinary of; 35 millions, opened by Art. 3, shall be provided for bpthe ordinary and extraordinary resources of the year 18.0 . , " Art. 5. The expenditure effected by the department of public works, in virtue of the ordonnances of the 10th, 19th, and 29th of September, and the 4th, Bth, and 19th of Oe ober, 1840, shall be liquidated by the Minister o f that department, and paid ou t of the credit of 7,000,000 f, opened to him, so far as t hat credit will go. " The surplus, should there be any, after this liquida• tion, shall be paid on the ordonnances of the Minister o' War, and out of the credits opened by the present case." I H PROTEST Ot HEDEIIO lENC AT MONTE VI. The manner in which the treaty has been received by the French residents at Monte Video hill be best seen by the following protest of the French inhabitants This 4th November, 1 840, the French residents at Monte Video, at a spontaneous general meeting held at the theatre for the purpose of protesting against the treaty go 7 for priCIC