The Sun. — London, England, 1841-03-25 00:00:00

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE TO.MORRO W. Morning.;.... 40 minutes after 3 I Evening..„.. 0 minutes after 4. VENIN G EDITION METROPOLIT O "lATAIONN TI-CORN-LAW The Chartists having passed a resolution pledging themselves to obstruct the proceedings of all public meetings not called expressly fur the promotion of the-.r own political objects—and a suitill number of disorderly pc: sons being always able to pro duce confusion in asemblics, the Committee have resolved to call a GENERAL MEETING, admitting by tickets only, at the CROWN and ANCHOR, STRAND, on WEDNESDAY, _March 31, at One o'clock. HENRY WARBURTON, Esq. , M.P. in the Chair. Tickets will be had only at the Office, 448, Strand, where subscriptions will now be received for the current year. SYDNEY SMITH, secretary. 31 ONEY LENT GRATIS, in any Suns trim £5 t £5OO, and from Three Months to Ten Years. Read " THE GUIDE TO ONE HUNDRED LOAN SOCIETIES;" it contains their Addresses, Office llotu:s ) , Forms of Application for filling up, and all other neces sary information most important to borrowers in England, Ire alid and Scotland (never beVne pviblished) price only half-a crown: by which you may save ono hundred times the cost of the volume. W. Strange, 21 Paternoster-row, and all Booksellers. DEDICATED, BY SPECIAL PERMISSION, TO THE QUEEN. Immediate}, New Edition, revised, in 2 vols. Bvo, with Illus• trations, THE HON. C. A. MURRAY'S TRA. VELS in NORTH AMERICA ; including his RE. imENcg with the PAWNtE INDIANS. Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street, I'ublisher in Ordinary - to her l‘fajesty. THOMAS INGOLDSBY, ESQ. NOW READY, _ _ In 3 vols. post Bvo., SOME ACCOUNT OF ATY COUSIN NICHOLAS By THOMAS INGOLDSBY, Esq. Author of " The Ingoldsby Legends, Esq., To which is added, THE RUBBER OF LIFE. Richard Bentley. New Burlington-street. ETY f tI2: B AUST I R A I A j 18a A t u b T e E R M I EPDE andO t G A o BAN TEED several DISTRIBUTIONS of MONEY DIVIDENDS, which (though they are NO LOTTERIES) o'er many possibilities of obtaining LARGE FORTUNES, HEINE BROTHERS, at HAAIBURGII, Are now.SELLIN G BONDS for the saidDISTftIT3UTIONS. Persons desirous to purchase for one of the nest Distributions nsay Wei ve, PREVIOUS to giving any orders, the PROS PECTUS and PARTICULARS, upon addressing, WITH OUT DELAY, a line to HEINE, BROTHERS, at HAMBURGH. 'I he NEXT DISTRIBUTION contains FIFTEEN HUN DRED DIVIDENDS, amounting to £137,592, Too Dividends bcine. £25,000 - £2OO £9O 5,000 600' 150 80 2,000 500 120 70 h5OO 300 110 134 1,000 250 100 62 THEATRE ROYAL, COVENT GARDEN. UNDER the MANAGEMENT of MADAME VESTRIS. THIS EVENING, lIARCH 25 Win be repeated the New Comedy, in . Five Acts, entitled LONDON ASSURANCE. Sir Harcourt Courtly, Bart., Mr. W. Farren ; Max Hark way, Mr. Bartley ; Mr. Charles Courtly, Mr. Anderson ; Mr. Adolphus Spanker, Mr. Keeley ; Mr. Dazzle, Mr. C. Mathews,_• Mark Meddle, Mr. Harley ; Grace Harkaway, Madame Vestris • Lady Gay Spanker, Mrs. Nishett ; Mrs. Pert, Mrs. numb's% After which the New Drama, in Three Acts, entitled THE EMBASSY. Duke de Never!, Mr. Moore ; Viscount Rene de Rolm, Mr. Anderson ; Baroness du Pont, Miss Ellen Tree i Madame ale Brissae, Madame Vcstris. „ To-morrow, London Assurance, with The Embassy. Doors to to opened at half-past Six—the performances to C.xmentia at Scree o'Clock. ID;;;;Yioxe;:7;.; Second Price, 3s. 6d.; First and Second rirelcs. ss. ; Second Price,ls. 6d. ; Pit, 3e. ; Second Price, 21. ; Gallery. Is. Tickets anS places for the Boxes to be taken of Mr. Grogan, at the Box-office, from Ten till Four, where Season Tickets ea ay be had upon application. Private xi, to be had so l ely of Mr. Andrews, bookseller, 167. New Bond-street. ROYAL SURREY THEATRE. Immense attraction. Mr. T. P. Cooks and Mr. Collins the same Evening. the last week of their appearance. " Poor Jack" and another nautical drama, in conjunction with " Paul Clifford." THIS EVENING, MARCH 25. Will be acted a Nautical Drama in Four Parts, called POOR JACK; OR THE WIFE OF A SAILOR. In IN liich Mr. T. P. Cooke, and the entire strength of the Company, will perform. • After which, THE LOST SON. Philip by Mr. T. P. Cooke. To conclude with PAUL CLIFFORD. Paul Clifford, with the§ongol ,, Hurrah for the Road," Mr. Collins. The Publication of the Evening Edition of Tii Six corn 'named at 30 minutes after Three. _ _~ s~ i ", LONDON: THURSDAY, MARCH 25, 1841. The news from the United States, brought by the Patrick Henry, is exceedingly pacific. The substance of this intelligence, including General HARRISON'S kauguraT Address, as President of the United Sates, will be found in another part of The Sun. The Patrick Henry sailed on the Bth, and. on the 3d the steam ship President arrived with despatches from Lord PALMER STON to Mr. Fox, British Minister at Washing ton, the contents .of which were the subject of general speculation throughout. the Union. The report abroad was, that the British Govern ment had authorised Mr. Fox to demand the im mediate release of Mr. M'LEon, and in the event of a refusal, to demand his passports and quit the country. This Report, however, does not seem to us to rest on any sure foundation. It is one of the countless conjectures of many tongued rumour. Mr. M'Lson was still a pri soner at Lockport, but the Government were about to order his removal to Albany, the capi tal of the State of New York, where less excite ment prevailed, and where, if tried, there would be at loast a chance of his finding an impartial Jury. en the Ist inst., Mr. BUCHANAN, the Chair man of the Committee on Foreign Relations, brought the question of. the relations between Great Britain and. the United States under the notice of the Senate. The speeches of the Hon. Senators and of Mr. CLAY, who took part in the discussion, form a gratifying contrast to the in temperate Report of Mr. PICKENS to the House of Assembly, which has already appeared in our columns. As this discussion places in a clearer light than has yet appeared in England, the real sentiments of the first States:nen of America re specting the whole question in dispute, we here quote it, without abrigement, as reported in the colutims of the New York Courier and. Enquirer. IN SHDtA TE. MONDAY. MARCH 1 he ought to have qualified the general terms he had used, by excepting the delays we had experienced from the tardy move m 3nts of the British Government at every stage in the pro gress of the negotiation. Still he felt himself justifie , in using, at the present 'lament, the language of the President in his Message at the commencement cf the session, " that, from the characte r o f th e points still in difference, and the un doubted disposition of both parties to bring the matter to an early conclusion, I look with entire confidence to a prompt and satisfactory termination of the negotiation." He had reason to believe that such was still the anticipations of the President in regard to the north-eastern boundary question. Mr. Buchanan said that on the present occasion he should purposely refrain from the expression of any opinion in re gard to the case of tshe steam-boat Caroline. This was rendered unneces.ary by the fact that all the correspond ence in relation to this subject of any general importance had already been published, and each Se- ator had the same means of forming an opinion which he himself en joyed. There was no truth whatever in the rumour now so current that there had been an angry correspondence between the British Minister and the Secretary of State since the date of the last correspondence between them, now before the public. There was no foundation for this rumour. e•as true that, since that time, a sing'e note bearing uron the subject had been add, ess d by Mr. Fox to itlr. Forsyth, which the latter had answered; but this note and answer were of so little importance that he (Mr. Buchanan) did not deem it necessary to call for their publication, and their tone was far fron- being of an angry character. Mr. Clay made a few brief remarks, understood in substance to be that, in his position with the Committee on foreign re lations, derived as it had b-en from the Vice-President, it might re t be amiss in him to say a few wer s in relation to the subject The questions in immed'ate diTute between the two countries were the north-eastern boundaey,the affair of the Caroline, the case of Mq.eod, and certain seizures on the coast of Africa. The most important was doubtless that relating to the not th-easte: n boundary. Reference has bt en made to an arbi,ration that was to settle definitively the question, and all the principles that should regulate the composition of the art it-ration had been settled on, except some minor points of detail. With regard to the Caroline, there had been some delay in answer to the command of our Government, whether her capture within our jurisdiction had been previously autho rised cr subsequently sanctioned. • As to the case of M'Leod, a good deal del ended on w:iat the Government of New York should do in the matter. In hi, opinion, there ought to have been some intimation by the Executive to the proper authority in New York of the necessity of affording to the accused a fair and impartial trial; and to his yerson if acquitted, perfect security. If this could not be obtained where he was, he should be brought to a part • f the country where strong prejudice did not exist, and NN here the safety of his person should be put beyond all question. He thought it probable that New York would take that course wahout suggestion .from any quarter. He hoped he might have a full, fair, and impartial trial, such as it was the duty of the country to have guaranteed to bim. With respect to the African captives, he did not know what correspondence had taken place between the tw•Governments; but under no circumstances would this country submit to the rig ht of search. Mr. Clay gave it rs his decided opinion that the state of the difference between the two countries was not such as to require a special minister. The Alinis'er resident there would be able to du all that was necessary in the premises without difficulty, and he thought without delay. (Mr. Buchanan (in an under tone) : lam sorry to hear that. I expected to be your secretary of legation. Air. Clay bowed.] After all (said Mr. Clay) I have• not yet begun to think of the possibility of any immediate war with Great Britain ; that time has not arrived yet. But however distant it may be, I would relax no effort to place the country in a proper state of defence. He looked to the absence of all means of floating defence, steam-batteries, &c. with the deepest concern. He thought the Government should apply all its energies to place the country in such a state of defence as would prepare it to meet any possible exigency that might arise. Mr. Clay expressed his belief that both Governments de sired peace; that it was essential to the interests of each ; and that. if war rid come, it would not be from the will of the Go vernment, but from collateral causes, over which they would have no control. The Committee was then discharged, according to the mo :ion of Mr. Buchanan. The Washington Intelligencer, of the 2d inst., has the following remarks on the proceedings in the Senate, which will be read with pleasure : We earnestly congratulate our readers on the information, concerning the relations between the United States and Great Britain, which they will find exactly stated in the report of yesterday's Senate proceedings. Con s id er i ng th e rumours that have been in circulation, nothing could be more interest ing to the whole country at the present moment than the dis closures in the Senate, unless, perhaps, it b e th e c h art o f t h e principles of th e new Administration, which may be expected in the new inaugural address of the President elect. We learn from the statement of Mr. Buchanan,: that in re gard to the boundary question, the Governments of Great Bri tain and the United States have agreed upon the main points of a convention for the final adjustment of that question ; and that, in the opinion of the Executive, there is every reason to look wi h entire confidence to a prompt and satisfactory termi nation of the long negotiation upon this question. We learn further, with great pleasure, that there is no foundation for the rumour that an angry correspondence has recently taken place between Mr. Fox and Mr. Forsyth, or any correspondence, the character of which would justify a call for its publicity. he remarks of Mr. Clay, whose wisdom and experience in our foreign relations stamp every thing he says on that subject with a more than common impress, are no less im portant, than acceptable. Happy must it be accounted that upon this very interesting and important matter the leader of the party coming in and of that which is about re tiring, entertain opinions upon it between which there is hardly a discernable shade of difference. The statement of the Chairman of the Senate's Committee on foreign relations, the reader cannot fail to perceive, has all the effect of a counterblast to the m ar tial a pp ea l ma d e the other day by the distinguished Chairman of the Committee on foreign relations in the other Ileuse. The effect mark! We do not say the intention," as Av.; are not in the counsels of the ho nourable senator from Pennsylvania, or of the administration whose confidence he enjoys. We accept with the liveliest satisfaction these indications of a return to good sense on the part of the Legislature and the press of the United States. We are as anxious for the maintenance of a tranquillity essential to the welfare of the human race and the advancement of civilization as the most peaceable among our Transatlantic neighbours. The Government here shares in these sentiments, so that nothing is wanted but the manifestation ofia, kindred spirit on the part of the United States' Executive to ensure the continuance of the most friendly relations be tween the two countries. The Lords adjourned over yesterday. In the Commons that persevering patriot, Mr. T. DUNCOMBE, wrestled with the SPEAKER for the right of moving that a petition complaining of a grievance should be printed, and properly observed that the important right of petitioning was much cut up. After a short discussion about the orders and forms of the House, Mr. T. DuN COMBE gave notice that he would move this day to print the petition. It was from a man who complained that he could not get a copy of the register of the electors of Hertfud from the Clerk of the Peace. , Lord J. RUSSELL explained his intentions as to amendments proposed in the Poor-1w Amend ment Bill, and said, amongst other things, that he should adopt the suggestion of limiting the number of Assistant-Commissioners to 13. It was expected that the House would have been occupied till a late hour with the Copyright of Designs Bill, but on moving the Committee, Mr. LABOUCIIERE suggested to Mr. TENNENT, as he wished to make several alterations in the Bill, that the proper course would be to intro duce them, and wait till they were all before the House to discuss the Bill. Mr. TENNENT, as there were a great number of individuals in town interested in the Bill, wished to proceed immediately. Mr. HImIE, however, stated an objection which in the end proved fatal to the Bill. He said that since the Bill was originally submitted to the House in Committee, other branches of trade had been incorporated in it besides those sanctioned by the Committee, and as it was a rule of the House that ail laws altering trade should begin in a Committee of the House, that rule applied to branches of trade introduced into a Bill after such a Committee had ordered it to be brought in, as well as t o t h ose of which the Bill at first consisted. After a considerable conversation on this point, the SPEAKER decided in favour of Mr. HUME'S objection, but he said that the Hon. Member might proceed with those parts of the Bill which had originated in Committee. It turned out that the two portions of the Bill were so blended that t his was i mpossible, and, as th e wiser course, Mr. TENNENT withdrew the Bill, and gave notice of a Committee of the whole House for this day, to take into consideration all the Acts relating to Copyright of Design. The Coroners' Bill was committed pro forma, as was the Drainage of Lands Bill, and a little after Seven the House rose. OUR RELATIONS WITH GREAT BRITAIN. Mr. BaChanan said he was instructed by the Committee on ForeiAn Relations, to move to be discharged from the conside. ration of the resolution whieh had been referred to that Com mittee, " requesting the Pres:drift to communicate to the Se nate, i f not incompatible with the pubic 'interest, any corre sp ndence which may have taken place between this Govern ment and that of Great Britain; relative to the north-cas:ern bottnuary not heretofore covrannicated to the Senate." Ile would state, wi h as much brevity as possible, the ma vens which had induced the Committee to believe that it would be inc . :cm-client, at the present moment, tin publish the corre 1120m1 nee to which the resolution referred. `lt would be recollected by Senators who had directed their attention to this subject, that, in consequence of the corre 6Ponderue already published between the two Gov e rnments, and .. to which he nee d no t p ar ti cu l ar ly re f er , it b ecame the duty ~f a f Great Britain to submit to our Government the pre convention for the settlement of this Ling-disputed &su n i ' 'rY question. This duty had been performed by the British Government in the month of May, 1839. The ul President did - not approve of this proposed convention, because it con'.4ined 00 übietiate provi,ion which must inevitably a n d finally deter m i ne , h character, between the two countries. Indeed, from its it was quite probable that, had it ne been adopted, it wouldhave produced this result, so mu c h to be desired ; and thePre t sident was firmlyfeonvinct d, consider ing the long delay—the high sta'e of mutual irritation existing along the border, and the imminent danger of actual collision —that the interest of both stipulationiamles r a m t i u v s e t l adoption of such treaty make Y n e d ce e s m sa a r n i ( l ! y e( m i an end oft e question. The British Government had since unequivocally with the President in these s entiments ; and e ally coincided two Govern ments had already agreed upon the essential convention based on these prA nci p le s , and alike ur n" of a advantageous and honourable to both. There were still some provisions of this convention of comparatively m i ner not importance, and involving detail rather than principle , which h a d yet been agreed upon; but if it were the sincere cesire of both p ar ti es , as h e beleved it was, to arrive at an amicable eanclusion, the negotiation must soon be successfully termi nated. Ihder these peculiar circumstances, the Committee be lieved that it could do no good to either Tarty, whilst it might b ~ embarraing to both Governments, to publish to the world th s coFiespondence and the. different projects and counter-pro leeltl-irolfltreaties which had passed between them. had afforded him said, that his official position in the Senate free access to all this correspondenee. Be bad examined it with e.ii • e, and would now fzankl y sta . e the impre.4ion wlich it had made upon his m i n d. Although he welt not pretend to the einduct of the British say that there were no o mens of war in ou r tier, y e t thi s h e s h ould asser Government o n our nor thern fron t, with muc h con fid ence, t h a t i n the. bad occurred inconsistent , wit;) t oo i r le t h- eastern bounda r y, no thing which had always been prof esse d by thatincerc an d anx i ous d es i re she peace which now so happily subsisted between th e t wo coun - Gov ernment to preserve tries, and to bringthe questi on to a. fina Om Probably this expressi on migh t be and satisfactory conclu- too strong/ and that The readers of The Sun must be aware that we called their attention, considerably more than a twelvemonth ago, to the resolution of the Chart ists to interfere with all public meetings, and endeavour to procure from them, whatever they might be summoned for, a recognition of the Charter. After witnessing their success on two three occasions in the metropolis, at Manches-, ter, Glasgow, and other places, we informed our readers, that, by the virtual suspension of the le gitimate modes of freely expressing public opi nion in public assemblies—one of te most im portant, and certainly not the least valuable parts of the Constitution—a great revolution was in progress, which had already completely altered the practical working of our institutions, though they had not been changed. It is not much short of a twelvemonth since Lord BROUGHAM adverted to the subject in the House of Lords, and made some remarks, confirming our opinion. It is only now, however, that the Mornin g Chronicle, awakened by the noise of the dis turbed meeting at Manchester, and the gloomy fact that even an Anti - Corn-law meeting cannot be held in the metropolis, except by tickets, has , obtained a perception of this remarkable change. It said, yesterday — To refuse a hearing to the conveners of a meeting ; to insist on its attention being turned to a different topic ; to break it up by clamour and confusion, is a species of disfranchisement and punishment only varying in degree, and not in prineiple, from inflicting the loss of liberty, of property, or of life. It is an injustice. Those who commit it in the name of the Charter, by the fact represent the Chartists to all other classes as not having learned the simple lesson of justice, as practically igno rant or regardless of the elementary principals of the social compact. • . But they sacrifice the good which their co-operation might ensure, in the unrea.enable and impracticable hope, of coercing the middle classes into the support of the Charter. To do that is not practicable ; to cause the suspension of public meetings, as at present conducted, is practicable. That vic tory is within their reach. They seem on the point of achiev ing it ; and we only wish that every honest working man, hold ing the professed principles of the Charter, would seriously consider' the character of such a victory, and ask himself, wherein con-fists its gain or its glory. Ticket meetings will probably be resorted to, as a measure of self-defence, by all who strive for any public good that promises to be more promptly attainable than the Charter. Are the Chartists and the worling men content that such a change as this should be their first measure of practical legislation, their primary innovation upon the comnwn law and customs of the land? The Chronicle inserts and comments on a letter from Mr. HETHERINGTON, justifying the c6urse of proceedings on the part of the Chartists ; and in noticing it we do not now for the first time re probate it, while we have been amongst the first to acknowledge its importance as a sign of the power now possessed by the democracy, and of their knowledge how to turn it to account. Certainly the Chartists have prevented others from attaining their objects, though they are, and that is the condemnation of their proceed ings, not themselves apparently any nearer success. But while we therefore reprobate their conduct, we must say that they give us more grief than surprise. We are prepared for it, with out attempting to excuse it. The Chronicle talks of their being ignorant of the elementary principles of the social compact, which is a mere puerility, for practically the only social compact they have ever known, consider ing the Chartists and the working-classes as identical, was that they were to bear all the burdens of the society and be denied all its privi leges. They were to fight the battles of the country, but were never to command its armies or its fleets. They were to pay all the taxes, but not to have a vote in levying them. They were to submit implicitly to all the laws, but to leave the enactment of them exclusively to others. They were to be taxed in their food, and in their raiment, their industry was re strained, and yet they were required to feed themselves and the rest of the society. The social compact, if ever such a thing existed, has been unknown to them and their ancestors for ages, and-how could they be expected to observe what they never knew? They are not far wrong, we think, in describing themselves as slaves; however much we may differ from them as to the wisdom of the course they have adopted to achieve their liberation. After all, their conduct is moderate and reasonable, compared to the man ner in which other slaves have foolishly or madly assailed their oppressors. The Chronicle, and several other Journals, ex press themselves as if they thought the Chartists were exclusively to blame for the present diffe rence which exists between them and the middle classes. That is not our opinion. The middle classes, as we have more than once stated, very selfishly took care of themselves as they sup posed, and wholly disregarded the working classes. They obtained the franchise, and then opposed rather than promoted its extension to the others. Moreover, when the working classes met, certainly in great numbers, and were ad dressed, we admit, in inflammatory language, but having for their object the attainment of the franchise, which is a just, and, we will add, an honourable ambition, then the middle classes were the first to take and spread alarm, and, both personally and through their journals, they urged the Government to take strong measures against the Chartists, who were ostensibly seek ing only ,the franchise. We have said before that, much as we blamed the Government for the course it took, we knew that it was neither so prompt in taking repressive measures, nor did it go so far as many of the middle classes urged it to go. Circumstances such as these, united to the fact of the general negligence of the middle classes to obtain for the lower classes legal pro tection equal to that they enjoy, have set the lower classes, with some reason, as much against the middle classes as against the upper classes. We cannot, therefore, go along with our Contem porary in ascribing all the faults of the present schism to the Chartists, and in exonerating the middle classes from all blame. There is another circumstance which appears to us worthy of notice, which ought to make the middle classes resist every law which tends to lower workmen's wages. Generally speaking, they are employers, the working classes are the employed. The former pay, the latter receive wages. In that relation there is nothing which gives either a claim to superiority. The services are as necessary to the buyer as the wages are to the seller. One man sells his labour, as another sells sugar or brandy, the produce of labour ; and to sell labour is no more degrading than to sell wheat or land. The lawyer, the physician, the priest, and the statesman, all live by selling labour, and they are amongst the most honoured classes of society. But the old employments, and the employments requiring little education, are comparatively overstocked with hands, and those who want labour have a choice of the offerers. Certainly, therefore, employers who can live for some time without labourers, while the labourers can scarcely creepi ig over all classes, and extinguishing all energy, "or else di dress will provoke resistance and revolution, and the despotism of the mob, or of one tyrant, will usurp the place of settled order and prevent progressive improvement. To hold the great mass of our people in their pre sent condition of semi-thraldom is impossible, and either they must be reduced to absolute shivery, or they will:put an end to every other part of the political machine as well as public meetings. live a few days without wages, have a superi ority over the workmen, who look on them as determining the amount of their wages. Comparatively few men are acquainted with the natural laws which determine or influence the supply and demand of labour. Still fewer are pre cisely acquainted with the effects which legislative enactments have over the same phenomena. They do not know, for example, how much the price of food is raised, and how much employment is Giminished, by a Corn-law. But however slack may be the demand, and however low the wages, the employers—the middle classes—are the im mediate agents for bringing privation home to the people. This circumstance the employers overlook. They pay, and of course, when driven to it, they reduce wages. They may be perfectly in • nocent in doing so; nay, the same cause which com pels them to dismiss their people or lower wages 19 per cent., may shut up their factories, and curtail their profits. Nevertheless, as they are the actual agents in bringing home the reduction to the workmen, wherever ignorance is great, they bear the chief blame. Now, it is a fact that the condition of our work ing classes has notimproved in proportion to that of of the Import Duties Committee, and to the It must be highly gratifying to the members wit nesses examined by it, to find their labours at tracting such very general attention. Had the Corn-law advocates passed over the Report in contemptuous silence, we should never have known how much it afflicted them, but when we find them attacking it fiercely we are at once convinced that it has wounded them to the quick. The most profound homage yet borne to the utility of the Committee is that conveyed in the speeches of Lord ASHBURTON and Lord MOUNTEAGLE. Perhaps two more dishonest politicians do not exist. The latter part of Lord ASHBURTON'S lift. has been a complete contradiction to the first, as one-half of his speeches generally contradict the other. Mr. SPRING RICE obtained power by professing a Liberal policy, which he never comprehended, and which he laid aside as soon as he obtained the office he was seeking. Shoved into the House of Peers, not as a reward, but to get rid of him, his little mind, less even than the little body it inhabits, swells into pomp with his poor dignity, and he throws his sneers at the Committee and the witnesses as if he were a great man. To be attacked by two such politi cians is a proof both of the truth and the power of the Committee's labours, of which they may be well proud. What Lord ASHBURTON said is not precisely known, for his tongue wants vigour to give effect to the folly that is in his mind. What Lord MOUNTEAGLE said was that it was an ex aggeration to assert that the protecting duty on corn laid a heavier charge on the people than twice the amount of the revenue. Let us, if we can, prove that this is no exaggeration. It is natural for Mr. SPRING RICE to calculate the loss to the people, by what enters into the pockets of the landlord s; but in fiscal regulations two and two do not make four—more may be destroyed than is gained—and neither the reve nue of the State, nor the increased income of the landlords, is any measure of the charge which the Corn-law lays on the people. The price of wheat at Manchester, but for those laws, would be determined by the quantity of labour required in spinning the cotton with which it was bought when brought from the United States, or wherever it could be obtained most abundantly or cheaply. If we estimate that at one-fourth below the average price, in the long run, under the law, we shall not exaggerate. The law makes us pay therefore, 25 percent. more than we should on all the produce of our soil, had we no Corn-law. The law applies only to corn, but the price of the whole produce of the soil is raised in an equal proportion. An estimate pub lished by the Tory Post a few days ago, set the whole annual value of the produce of the soil at 246,000,000/., one fourth of which is 61,000,0001. sterling. That is approximating to the sum which the Corn-law annually. takes from the people. Far from being an exaggeration, it is much below the amount. But Mr. S. RICE knows that the whole people do not contribute to the payment. The land lords receive the bread-tax; the farmers are said to profit by it; the wages of labour are said to be kept up by the law—consequently the whole of the 61,000,0001. must be paid by those who are not landlords, farmers, nor labourers, nor the shopkeeper, who depend on the agricul turists. On this showing, less than half the people pay the 61,000,0001. a year. Now, as those who gave evidence before the Committee did not, of course, include under the term peo ple those who receive the tax, we believe it is made out to the satisfaction even of the owner of Mount Trenchard, and the pro moter of the scheme for improving the navigation of the Shannon, in the neighbour hood of which Mount Trenchard stands, that the Corn-law imposes a heavier charge on the people than twice the amount of the whole re venue levied by the State. The sum, hgwever, gives a feeble view of the miseries inflicted on us by the laws of such men as my Lords ASHBURTON and MOUNTEAGLE. The Corn-law annually starves a large multitude of people out of existence. It annually extin guishes an immense and incalculable amount of wealth and human happiness. It annually dimi nishes to that extent the national means of bearing the burdens of the State, while for gaols and workhouses—for all the means of repressive and revengeful justice—it much enhances those burdens. To say that the Corn law lays a charge on the people twice as great as all the revenues of the State, far from being an exaggeration, falls at least one-half below the truth. Four times 50,000,0001. a-year would not measure the immense amount of loss and evil inflicted on the trading, industrious, and enter prising community by the iniquitous Corn-law. The Madrid Papers of the 16th instant have come to band. There was to be no speech from the Throne at the opening of the session of the Cortes on the 10th. Senor OLOZAGA, the Spanish ,Minister at the Court of France, had arrived in Madrid, to be present at the debate on the Re gency question. It was to be discussed at a second Council of Ministers on the evening of the 16th, preparatory to its being brought before the Cortes. The Fives were done on the 16th at 27+ for cash, and at 28 for sixty days. No other news of any moment. The Paris Journals of Tuesday have all reached us. On that day commenced the debate in the Chamber of Peers on the Fortifications Bill. The debate was opened by the Duke de BROGLIE, who made a long speech in support of it. He treated the prospect of the continuance of peace as a delusion, and contended for the necessity of preparing for war. M. VILLIERS DE TONAGE made an able speech against the Bill. and proved that in war the walls would be as useless as du ring peace. M. LAMOIGNON next ascended the Tribune, and was speaking when the Post left Paris for London. Count St. AULAIRE, the French Ambassador at Vienna had arrived in Paris to vote for the Bill. the other classes, if it have not greatlydeteriorated; and the employers bcingblamed, though unjustly, for that deterioration, the hearts of the working classes are filled with anger against them. They are held to be responsibl2 for all the misery the working classes feel. Hence the cry that they only seek to lower wages, that they are the plun derers of the poor, and other similar unwar ranted assertions. These observations explain, though they do not excuse, the feelings which prevail amongst the ignorant, and they ' ought to convince the middle classes that if they would not bear all the blame of being the instruments for ex ecu ti ng t h e iniquitous laws of the landlords, they ought to exert themselves strenuously to resist all such enactments, or to procure the repeal of them. They have not done this—they have not, we believe, been aware of the consequences of such enactments on the disposition of the working clisseS, and in that mutual estrangement which no persons deplore more than we do, they are suffering the conse quences of their neglect and ignorance. We say, emphatically, suff er i ng, because we canno t believe with apathy, or that the middl e c l asses lookeven r can t o they their i regardeir opi nions indifferen ce, much less wi th pleasure, on the loss of the power tos .No give effect by public w eetin g e ven without alarm, th e f uture forth for the country. I n which that loss shadows But whether the Bill pass or not Louis PHIL LIPPE will have the walls. While the Chambers are debating the expediency of the measure, the KING is building with the utmost rapidity. Both on the right and the left bank of the Seine hun dreds of workmen were busy the whole of last week erecting fortifications. To the KING, therefore, it is a matter of indifference whether the Bill pass or not. The Ministry must find money to defray the outlay incurred before the rejection or the measure. The Sud, Marseilles paper, has the following letter from a Correspondent : " By advices received from Mogadore it is stated that there arived on the 13th of February, on board the English vessel Lord Redesdale, from London, 1,003 bullets, 1,000 sabres, 1,000 musket barrels, 100 cases of shot, and 50 barrels of gunpowder of 1001bs. each. These articles, which have ar rived at the address of the British Consul at Mogadore, are for the account of the Emperor of Morocco , who inten ds them for a service which it is useless to explain, and which may be easily understood. At a moment when that country excites our interest t o suc h a pit c h, in consequ ence of the in sult which our flag, our C onsu l, and our r esidents have re ceived, I dare hope th a t y ou w ill give a place in your journal to the preceding account." The Gazette des Tribunaux states that the Procureur du Roi has cited M. Lehon before the Tribunal de Premiere In stance to be struck off the list of notaries The Journal de Cherbourg of the 21st inst. mentions that an English smuggler, laden with tobacco, had been captured off that port, and that three Englishmen found on board, named Boots, Richards, and Pilford, had been committed to the prison of Cherbourg. The Semaphore de Marseilles, of the 19th inst., publishes a letter from Mogadore, announcing that, on the 13th ult., the vessel Lord Redesdale, coming from London, landed in that harbour 1,000 cannon balls, 1,000 sabres, 1,000 musket barrels, 50 boxes of grape shot, and 50 barrels of gunpowder, _con signed t o th e B r iti s h C onsu l in that resid ence, on account of the Emperor of Morocco. According to the Droit, the trial of Domes, the regicide, will t a k e p l ace i mme di a t e ly after the debat es on the Fortifica tion Bill h av e terminated in Paris. D armes, it adds, will not aPPear alone at the bar, as his confessio ns had led to severa l arrests, _The di sso l ut i on o f t h e Ch am b e r a ppears' to be decided. Ths National . reprints the article, in which the Constitutionn ei hints at this resolution of the Ministry . The electors ou ght to prepare themselves. Never was the aspect of affairs mo the v first instance, it ensures impunity to the oppression of the landowners, and to every species of bad government. Heavier privations will consequently fall on the work ing classes, and greater will be their ha tred of the employers who will seem to cause them. Finally, will come poverty heavily TB [4 SUN, LONDON, THURSDA Y, MARCH 20, 1811. serious ; never were the unanimous efforts of all honest men more necessary. The precautions taken at the Palace of the Tuileries are greater than ever. Besides the numerous hosts and pickets of troops of the line, with well furn'shed cartridge boxes, which arc pined in all the corners of the Palace, detachmenis of cavalry of fifty men each are furnished every thy. These de tachments, organised 'o as to be able to advance at the first. signal, are kept permanently equipped in the barrack on the Quay d'Orsay, which_are occupied by the Regiment of Cui rassiers. The Haro of Caen says, " A confidential circular of the Di-. rector of the Custom-house of Cherbourg, addressed to all the officers douaniers in his. district, enjoins them to use the greatest vigilance with respect to ships coming from any of the ports of Holland or Belgium, for the purpoFe of hinder ing the importation into France of a volume which is now in the press at the Hague and Brussels, and which contains 140 or 146 letters ascribed to Louis Philippe, of the same na ture as those which have been published by the Gazette de France, and which complete the collection from which the let ters were taken —La Gazette de France. The Count de: St. Aulaire arrived at Paris yesterday from Vienna. The Univers announces that Lieut.-Gen. Galbois is going to he raised to the Peerage. It is said that Queen Christina will return to France, anc that she is expected at Paris in the course, of April. The Moniteur of this morning has no official part.— Le Com. merce. . -4 , .... t t „_ .3 . , . •••, 4 V, • ": "- a ' '. s'" i' ..--' -I - 40 --- I s*4l c 0 ,. ,- "''. 4#1•01..,, , - -,. .., . :'' a ,-a , , 40" x§. . ' I " r , . . zt.,.- 4 - r ~ 0-, „,, • , ,_ ,A,. - • ~.t- . , . .- N. BO UR SE.....PARIS, TUESDAY, MARCH 23. 1 , lest Highest Lowest Last Price Price. Price. Price r each f. per Cents lll 95 ... 112 ... 11l P 5 ... 111 95 4 pc) C .nts 3 per Cents 77 20 . 77 40 ... 77 30 ... 71 30 : .nt. of erance ..... L ftitte Bank 1,10001. Sh 1055 ...1055 ...105, ...104 5C1.10f. st arcs 51t'0 ...51(0 ...Wit{ ...5160 LOO ... &ill ... 780 ... 7:80 Bank 5 per rents—. New ..... 112 1 2 !my, 112 ioniEli Active :•4SG 24 1 4 )4 , capolttan lO2 90 109.1:0 ... J'.l2 '4O ... 02 JO torrian .... 102 1 4 ... 10231 ... I(2i IV2N CORN AVERAGES. GENERAL AVERALIE PRICES OF BRATISII CORN, For the Week ended March 19, 18II,,made up from the Returns (1 the Inspectors in the different Cities and Towns in Englan: a d Wales, per Imperial Quarter. Wheat 63;. Od. Oats Barley 333. 2d. Ryc ..... 365. 6d., rease .335. Id AVERAGES OF THE LAST SIX WEEKS. ST. ALBAN'S ELECTION COM MITTEE..--(THIS DAY.) The Committe re-assembled this morning at eleven o'clock, and proceeded with the evidence of George Taylor, who was cross-examined by Air. AUSTIN —Witness is a freeman of St. Alban's ; changed sides in politics, when Air. Ward voted against the fieemen. Knows the Rough Club ; is not a member. It is only a place for chaff. Did not fill any office at the last erec tion. Wes not employed at all ; was paid for bringing in votfrs something. Received a sovereign for his expenses and. sometimes 10e. ' • they were Mr. Cabbell's vote r s. M r . Lang ley paid him ; he gave ss i'ness the money directly he was going off after anybody. By one of the COMMITTEE—Mr. Langley is a boAsel!er. By Air. AUSTIN—Went to the Verulain Arms, when Mr. Cabbell was there, and shook hands with hirp. Wert there of an evening afterwards. Re-examined by Mr. lIILLYAnn—The money was paid on account of exrewcs. Witness promissed Mr. Cabbell before he was engaged at all. Mr. HILLYARD —Did Dr. Webster at any time between the vacancy and the election make an apOcation to you?—He curie on the Thursday morning with Mr. Edwards. I was at home. Edwards made an application in the presence of Dr. Webster. Mr. lllLLyAnn—What was the application Mr. Edwards ma 4 e to you ? Mr. AUSTIN objected to the question being put, until the agency of Webster or Edwards should be proved. Mr. HILLYARD submitted that he had a right to put the question, as part of the proof of the agency of Dr. Webster. Any act might be given in proof of such agency, and any deela-ation made at the time might be given in explanation of the act. Air. AUSTIN made no objection to proving the act, but the de, aration could not be received in evidence until the agency of Webrter or Edwards should be proved. The CII n IRMiN directed the room to be cleared, and on our re-admission announced that the Committee had declthd that the question should not be put. John Pym Richardson was then called in and examined by Mr. T;LBOT—Is a bookseller at St. Alban's. Voted for Mr. Cabbell. Lord Listowel!, Mr. Webster, and several others called on him the Friday before the election. They came to the shop, and Mr. Webster said " Mr. Richardson, we have called with the Earl of Listowell to solicit your vote and inte rest." Lord Listowell said nothing. I said I had promised my vote alr: ady, and Lcrd Listowell bowed and went out. Knows the George, kept by Nlr. Foster. Saw a paper with the Speaker's signature affixed to it. Mr. AUSTIN, to show how dangerous this examination of the witness was, would observe, that the witness had been made to say he saw the Speaker's signature to the warrant. Now, if it were a warrant, it was not signed by the Speaker. Mr. TALBOT—Have you seen any processions by torch-light in which that warrant has been carried ? Mr. AUSTIN objected the warrant shou'd be put in evidence, if anything were intended to be made of it. Mr. TALBOT wishcd to show how the authority of the House of Commons had been treated at St. Alban's. The CHAIRMAN said, that unless the object was to show ihat these proceedings affected the case, by preventing them to bring up evidence. Mr. TALBOT thought he should be able to show that the case was affected by it. Witness saw a torchlight procession, with several papers stuck on boards and carried before a band. Did not see Mr. H. Edwards on that occasion. Cross-examined by Mr. AUSTIN—When Mr. Webster and Lord Listowell called they were arm-in-arm. Mr. Webster canvassed witness. Witness had been canvassed before by Mr. Grimstone. The roam was full then. Witness's opinions are well known in St. Alban's, and witness rook this call of Lord Listowell as a mere act of civility. Is sure it was Mr. Webster who canvassed witness. Was canvassed by Mr. Cabbell. Mr. Blagg was with him. There were others—the shop was full, in fact. They all stood very near together. Mr. Blagg said, " Here's your old friend again," and asked witness for his vote. The applications in the two cases were very much alike. Re-examined—There was no lawyer with Lord Listowell's party. Witness had no conversation with any one but Lord Lis towel! and Mr. Webster. Samuel Cheny examined by Mr. lIILLTARD—Witness is a linendraper at St. Alban's, and a voter was canvassed on Fe bruary 5 for Lord Listowell by Mr. Webster. Lord Listowell was present. Cross-examined by Mr. ArtsTrx.—Witness is a Tory, and voted for Sir. Cabbell. Had promised before, and told Lord Listowell 'o. Had bren canvassed for Mr. Cabbell by Mr. Storey, Mr. Gate, and Mr. Blagg. Mr. Blagg introduced Mr. Cabbell to witness, and he promtscd Mr. Cabbell. It was the ounterpart of what took place with Lord Listowell. Thomas Wood examined by Mr. TALBOT.---Is a harness maker at St. Alban's. Is a Blue—that is a Tory. Was can vassed for Lord Listowell ( by Mr. Webster, in company with Lord Listowell). Witness said he was engaged, and they went away. Cross-examined by Mr. COCKBURN—There were a great many with them. Witness is not always a Blue—sometimes is on the other side. Shifts the colour occasionally. Was canvassed by Mr. Cabbell. Mr. Story was with him. Others were there, but he cannot recollect who. Does not know if Mr. Blagg was there. They asked him for his vote in the same way as the other party. Joseph Richards, examined by Mr. HILLYARD—IS a voter at St.:Alban's ; was canvassed for Lord Listowell and Mr. We bster. in the presence of Lord Listowell. Web ster, by Mr. LEAHY—Was canvassed for Mr. Cabbell, who was also accompanied by many persons. Mr. Blugg was on the opposite side of the street at the time. Robert Howie, examined by Mr. HILDYARD—Is a gardener at St. Alban's ; remembers the Thursday evening before the election was proclaimed; was before Mr. Webster's house ; Webster came to the window, and addressed the people ; he said he had brought them a good man ; he said he had brought ten candidates before, and had fought the battle many times, and never lost it but once, and he would fight it again and again. After that Lord Listowell came forward and addressed the people; had frequently seen Lord Listowell and Webster canvassing since; they were walking arm in arm, and going into the houses of different voters. Cross-examined by Mr. LEAKY-Does not know that there was anything very extraordinary in Webster saying he had brought them a good man. It may be a common thing at elections for persons who are not agents to recommend candi dates to the people. All sorts of people speak at elections. Witness is in Story's employment. Story is the petitioner in this case. Re-examined.—Witness has seen Lord Listowell and Web ster canvassing at night. Does not know he ever saw Lord Listowell without Webster. James Armsby Doran—ls a voter in the Blue interest. Was canvassed on the part of Lord Listowell by Mr. Webster. He had a book in his hand like a canvassing book ; but does not know its contents. Was on the hustings on the polling day about two o'clock. Mr. Webster told me what had taken place at the hustings relating to Adams. Mr. TALBOT—What did he say? Mr. LEHAY objected to the question on the same grounds that Mr. Austin had objection to a similar question in the early part of the morning. Mr. TALBOT submitted that he was now in a position to entitle him to ask the question. Mr. LEHAT contended that the Committee must decide that Webster was Lord Listowell's agent before the question could be put. The Committee decided that the question might be put. Witness—Dr. Webster said they threatened to send me to Newgate. Witness said, what for? Webster said " Adams says I gave him 101. to vote for Lord Listowell." Witness said, jokingly, "Many better men had gone there, and he hoped he would have pleasant company."—(A laugh. ) Cross-examined by Mr. LEHAY— Can't say if that was said by Mr. Webster seriously. Witness said what he said as a joke. He could tell whether Mr. Webster meant it seriously. He was certainly agitated. If a similar imputation had been made against witness, however falsely, he would have been agitated also. He should not think it a joke to be sent to Newgate on any account. It is very true that witness at the time might have thought it possil le that the circumstance could not be true, and therefore he treated it as a joke. When witness was canvassed, Mr. Webster was not arm in arm with Lord Lis towell. Lord Listowell was among the party of canvassers. It was much as other canvassing parties. Witness was net at the hustings when the affair of Adams took place. By the Hon. Mr. ELLlOTT—Witness did not see Mr. Web ster write anything in the book when he canvassed him. By the CHAIRMAN—Witness has always been a Blue, and that was known to Mr. Webster. Robert Taylor examined by Mr. HILLY ARD—Had the su perintendence of the bar of the Red Lion on the Saturday before the election. Mr. Webster came there—Goodspeed, a voter, was with him. Webster told witness to let the people hare something to drink. Witness supplied the people with drink—did not receive money for it. Mr. HILLYA RD—Did you put down to any •account the amount of drink so supplied?—Yes.. Mr. lIILLya RD—Did ou do so in consequence of any direc tions you received from Mr. Webster ? Mr. LEHAY objected to the question. The agency of Web ster must be proved before Lord Listowell could be affected by any acts done by him. The Committee decided the • question might be put and the witness answered in the affirmative. Mr. HILLYARD—To whose account did you put it down? Mr. LEHAY objected to that question. It wa3 laid down in the Wells caseithat agency must be proved before the decla rations of the agent could:be odmitted in evidence. But even supposing the agency proved for a legal purpose, it wasmon strous to assume that he had the authority of his principal for an illegal purpose; for doing that which in itself would be sufficient to vitiate the election 3 Mr. HILLYARD contended, that this not being a case of criminal prosecution, the evidence was admissible, and quoted various authorities in support of his opinion. Mr. LEIIAY replied. And The CHAILMAN ordered the room to be cleared in order that the Committee might deliberate. (No decision had been come to when we went to press.) WALSALL ELECTION COMMIT TEE-(THIS DAY). The Committee assembled this day at 11 o'clock in the Committee-room (No. 1. )—Lord Eliot in the chair. Previous to resuming the examination of witnesses, Mr. Sergeant' Wrangham applied to have an answer given on the preceding day by the witness Joseph Marlow, expunged from the notes, on the ground of its being hearsay evidence. Mr. Sergeant Merewether resisted the application, and after some discussion the room was cleared ; after an absence of almost an half-hour, counsel were called in, and the Chairman announced that the Committee had decided that the answer made by the witness, so far as it related to declarations made by his wife, should be s' ruck out. Joseph Marlowe was then examined by Mr. Sergeant MERE WETHER.—Was at the New Inn, on the day of the election,and remained there from one o'c'ock in the afternoon till next day. Saw otherelectorsthere. Could not tell thenames of the personswho came into the room in which he was, in the New Inn, on ac count of his get ing tipsy. Went to bed subsequently, and on awakening expressed a desire to go out of the inn; but a person outside the room told him he could not get out, as he ( wit ness) hal not sufEient s'ecp. The door was afterwards opened, and Mr. Boast came in and assisted witnessto dress. Could not say what time of night it was then. Went down-to a large.room where several electors and other persons were sitting and walk ing about. Among tho:e persons were Mr. John Taylor, anctioneer, and Mr. Wood. Witness expressed a wish to get home, but was detained on account of the mob quarrelling out side the house. When the mob had dispersed, witness went home accompanied by the two Messrs. Bu=st. Was told that the Messrs. Busts accompanied him home. Mr. Sergeant WKANGIIAM objected to anything' the wit ness was told by others being given in evidence. Examination resumed—Witness had a recollection of having been accompanied by the Illesrs Bursts. Went in the morn ing about seven o'clock to the Stork Tavern, and took breakfast there. The Messrs. Bu=st accompanied witness from his own house to the Stork. After a short time went up and polled. A great many others also went up from the Stork and polled. Paid nothing for V% hat he eat or drank at the Stork. The cross-examination was proceeding when we went to press. --- BRUSSELS, MAItCEI 21.—After a Council of Ministers there was to day, at noon, a General Council at the Palace. Nothing has transpired; consequently all the va rinus reports which are spread deserve no credit. Viscountess Palmerston and Lady Fanny Cow per left town on Tuesday, fir Brighton, where their Lady ships intend passing a few days. IM PORTANT NEWS FROM THE NTTEID STATJ'_:S. By the arrival of the Patrick Henry at Liv e r; • pool yesterday afternoon from New York,. iv, have received American Papers to the Bth 10,1t' inclusive—being seven days later than th e la arrivals. They be.- rin - the Inaugural Addreo ° f the new President, General Harrison, on assn l: ing office—a summary of a debate in the Setia.r, on the relations between the United States su i t: , Great Britain—and the strictures of the Jo ura# f upon the same subject. We subjoin the addres'; and the spirit of the Journals, re f er ring e° readers to our leading columns for the debate ,_ the Senate.. We have great pleasure in obse'vra ing that the tone of the whole intelligence fm° the United States is decidedly pacific, and ill t there is every probability that Mr. M'Leod AV be delivered over without trial to the British at_lt thorities in. Canada. We may here s tate the Patrick Henry made the voyage from I N t ' rs . York to Liverpool in fifteen days and ten- 11 1 11e As the Patrick Henry was clearing ou t t tOscius entered, having sprung her m ainal 3 ' during a severe gale in her passage out. INAUGURAL ADDRESS. Called from a retirement whieh I had supposed leas t e tinue for the re-idue of my life, to fill the chief executive or.ti, of this great and free nation, I appear before you , fellow 15 zees, to take the oaths which the constitution prescr.bes:tie necessary qualification for the performance of its dut . es. a, en d ie obedience to a custom coeval with our governmeu_esees what. I believe to be your expectations, I proceed to P: e ie to you a summary of the principles whi h will govern °lO to the dscharge of the duties which I shall be cared or perfrm. It o was the remark of a Roman Consul, in an early of that celebrated Republic, that a most striking coM owe ra s r en d observable in the conduct of candidates for offices of p.,iag trust, before and after obtaining them—they seldeenelfrjtbe out in the litter cese the pledges and promises m ade n - re eedt former. However much the world may have , in many respects, the lapse of upwards of two thousanii„of since the remark was made by the virtuous and inclebejoe Roman, I fear that a strict examination of the annals o f pose of the elective governments, would develope similar in s of v:olated confidence. la i r eieo Although the fiat of the people has gone forth, roe pen me the Chief Magistrate of this glorious Union, n othing. 0- their part remaining to be done, it may be thought that toy tive may exist to keep up the delusion under which the,Ys and be supposed to have acted in relation to my prineiK ep ele opinions; and perhaps there tray be some in this ass, 0 11 who have come here either prepared to condemn t he e , tcitl r now deliver, or, approving them, to doubt the sincertlf_. pill which they are uttered. But the lapse of a few reont°' confirm or dispel their fears. t e be The outline of principles to govern, and measur es be adopted, by an Administration not yet begun, will, w ;ither exchanged for immutable history; and I shall stand ass of exonerated by my countrymen, or classed with the t vitlr those who promised that they might deceive, and flattery"' the intention to betray. heel However strong may be my present purpose to rea . _, e se expectations of a magnanimous and confiding people, I ; g er understand the infirmities of human nature, and the u ttioe i• ous temptations to which I shall be expOsed, from th e e . fi eoel e tude of the power which it has been the pleasure of t"` ‘ ,' ge e to commit to my hands, not to place my chief confid en ot eete n the aid of that Almighty Power which has hitherto Pl er me, and enabled me to bring to favourable issues ell' to ins portant, but still greatly inferior trusts, heretofore con fide " by my country. r ests The broad foundation upon which our Constitutiloalls • being the people—a breath of theirs having made, a' s e, D ose can unmake, change, or modify it—it can be assigned ' o " er ec):: of the great divisions of government but to that of do s i s ter' If such is its theory, those who are called upon to adro°, 'ba pieS, must recognise, as its leading principle, the duty of rea te n their measures so as to produce the greatest good to th e f e t coe'.; number. But, with these broad admissions, if we w °n , of °.; pare the sovereignty acknowledged to exist in the M 3 6 ' cell eeople with the power claimed by other sovereienties,:je, eo those who have been considered most purely jernocraiao shall find a most essential difference. All others lay e e f oar, power limited only by their own will. The majority' areas' citizens, on the contrary, possess a sovereignty with ari ote e te' of power precisely equal to that which has keen gr o thit them by the parties to the national compact, and right beyond. We admit of no government by Divinene6sea —believing that, so far as power is concerned, the h e a n fl e e Creator has made no distinction amongst men—th at ht Cove upon an equality, and that the only legitimate rti'otel' govern is an express grant of power from the s t eon' The Constitution of the United States is the instrunse_°oo,,,,r tainirg this grant of power to the several dep artments ing the Government. On an examination of that inso a s ole: it will be found to contain declarations of power grant. e . iat , O h ' power withheld. The latter is also susceptible of dif t ' t whie; power which the majority has the right to grant, lon ed t ies they did not think proper to intrust to their agents ; 7, 5 , 1 which they could not have granted, not being P c !„. s bts e fe themselves. In other words, there are certain cote ( sessed by each individual American citizen, which, in ; o ne c l e pact with the others, he has never surrendered. , lig oag them, indeed, he is unable to surrender, being, in the 11 a of our system, unalienable. biel The boasted privilege of a Roman citizen was to biro aj ee rsr only against a petty provincial ruler, whilst the proud de,', for* of Athens could console himself under a sentence of deaT ot deri ailments .toincor,, supposed violation of the national faith, which no o n e k ere e e l , stood, and which at times was a subject of the Mi se „ e d all, or of banishment from his home, his fainill , itf r country, with or without an alleged cause ,• th at te croc . the act, not of a single tyrant, or hated tr is is i l , bat of his assembled countrymen. Far different one power of our sovereignty. It can interfere with no s e, „ to faith, prescribe forms of worship for no one ' s obser ca ' t eet; diet no punishment but after well ascertained goi lt ' e tititt' investigation suit of under rules prescribed by the On e s itself. These precious privileges, and those scarcely jot, portant, of giving expression to his thoughts and ee llabli" either by writing or speaking, unrestrained but by , tb: for injury to others, and that of a full participation I 'l 6o 0 advantages which flow from the Government, the or ledged property of all, the American citizen derives Teceiii, charter granted by his fellow man. He claims t helP , ; 5 0 1 he is himself a man, fashioned by the same Almigh t lbeble' r the rest of his species, and entitled to a full share of tee ings with which he has endowed them. bS", of Notwithstanding the limited sovereignty posse' s- A ll" e people of the United States, and the restricted er ee ong o power to the Government which they have adopte,_,4' e h it w eo has been given to accomplish all the objects for or bithe,",e created. It has been found powerful in war, low e rt t ' e e justice has been administered, an intimate union's domestic tranquillity preserved, and personal libertY fr os s a ; to the citizen. As was to be expected, howeve r ' 0 °f. defect of language and the necessarily sententicates bsoi nor in which the Constitution is written, d is P setr e .o• arisen as to the amount of power which it loi s p etS_. o r granted, or was intended to grant. This is nor. o teens larly the case in relation to that part of the l es rer o g which treats of the legislative branch. And not oblY gi‘r.lrod the exercise of powers claimed under a general etanscarrY It that body the authority to pass all laws necessary to a lso , ce s effect the specified powers, but in relation to the latter. ln ,teo is, however, consolatory to reflect, that most of thccoosti!t6b-e of alleged departure from the le•ter or spirit of the °foe tion have ultimately received the sanction of a orN e most o r people. And the fact that many of our statesm en, e tieethe tinguished for talent wed patriotism, have been, a t ee c h o f i c e other of their political career, on both sides of ea ,ofer u " t ee most warmly disputed questions, forces upon us thewe to iii'that the errors, if errors there were, are attribat% g the 06 intrins!c difficulty, in many instances, of ascert a ti tha n tcnt.ions of the framers of the Constitution, rat" - f t," influence of any sinister or unpatriotic motive. , grea' a But the great danger to our institutions does not ra„te me in a usurpation by the Government of power nOl e g ra stru ( t ee the people, but by the accumulation in one of the," a , ara te o of that which was assigned to others. Limite d be te , o f powers which have been granted, still enough, je , 0 0- 0 granted to constitute a despotism, if coneentra t o e b u te „eth 8 , 5 e s the departments. This danger is greatly he', ajou, ° ' t he ir has been always observable that men are less :l e „poo croachments of one department upon another, th an t bei own reserved rights. e ft ° est When the Constitut ion of the United States first earrii.ie step hands of the Convention which formed it, many t i the P ° ore republicans . of the day were alarmed at the e xtent 0 en d pi ths which had been granted to the Federal Governmenteed too_ea particularly_ of that portion_ which had been assi.gi: ar pe ,e l o , Executive branch. There were in it features eavf re pre , e f not to be in harmony with their ideas of a sitorl e oeq ) , a tative democracy, or republic. And knowing th e . c eeci power to increase itself, particularly when ex no eerY_.e, single individual, predictions were made that, at virtual ,T.e mote period, the Government would terminate in teare of t' b es narchy. It would not become me to say that thc. nee rtlY. o s, patriots have been already realized. But, as s,seopini_oo - that the tendency of measures, and of Tuen. t I for some some years rest, has been in that directiona,cla_ior, tor ceive, strictly proper that I should take this 0_ d e te_ a n' i ly peat: the assurances I have heretofore given 01 it ',• 7 f it r e e ph nation to arrest the progress of that tendeneY! t i tl e t! a „, e ie exists, and to restore the Government to its pri!, and vigour, as far as this can be effected by au.' o y exercise of the power placed in my hands. cau ie ti- I proceed to state, in as summary a manner a' e$ i „, opinion of the sources of the evils which have her be d ' le sively complained of, and the correctives whie b e fens are plied. Some of the former are unquestionably totiolaeot, the defects of the Constitution ; others, in my'injsions•,ool attributable to a misconstruct o ion f some of its Pr; ) to a s e ;,. s on the former is the eligib lit of the same individir_ae qr. fea, a de, term of the Presidency. The sagacious mind ci , ", e b e eo r t he Only saw andlamented this error, and attempts ha ew er °' hitherto without success, to apply the amen of e' State to its correction. ,owe r . -s As, however, one mode of correction is in the r _,„, d a tory President, and consequently in mine, it would :J ill t he , u , r e , perhaps invidious, to enumerate the evils of whi ,n_ sag es framednionof them an of Constitutionur fellow may w e have t a i z v e e n b s e t e h n i s the r e s t. () ai of tf.c tZ a „ atl c e t o it cont ivti ge' ter fruits which we are still to gather from it, ere , 35 soon disfigure our system. It may be observed, how, r e rror neral remark, that republics can commit no greaee, „ v erv e ", to adopt or continue any feature in their s ystems % ore o f V o lt which may be calculated to create or increase the.lettitoeoely in the bosoms of those to whom necessity oblige n tu , s si lk w or e n themanagementoftheiraffairs. And surely notht e t.irg to produce such a state of mind than the lo n g con ling, n o to office of high trust. N o thi ng can be wore C orr' belong more destructive of all tho s e noble feeling s the character of a devoted republican Pat th ri e ° W e ' " nevere corrupting passion once takes possession of .It i 5 the'rOW an les is like the love of gold, it becomes insatiable. dying worm in his bosom, grows 1 1 . 1c s tira g , • e i t f h t e ' s e c strengthens with the declining yen" republic to Witte d t e true, it is the part of wisdom for a has entr uste vice of that officer, at least, to whom she execution her sho e management of her foreign relations, the e t e o a Peri°ds° she and the command of her armies and n avies, tbe accountableii el a n as to prevent his forgetting that he, is the waster. Until not the principal—the servant, not,ected, pu blic n t ew i p g amendment of the Constitution can r be e 'aid to it, bY ce ns or may secure the desired object. I give my c . r _ ..rasa e eeoe the it be I consent to serve a second term. liberty front , it to the ledged if there is danger to Public'n the want of theret the pledge heretofore given, that, under no • ledged defects of the Constitution, a misconstrueti° cant; is, I apprehend, not much less from actually g iv le:eer e t ' of instrument, as it regards the powers any or c a P ir " r not conceive that, by a fair construc tion ,stitute the Presidentt. continuance of the Executive power in the same h an r , of O a provisions would be found to constitute be claimed from ahecorpiie; the legislative power. It cannot common with ei •Lr colt it is a privilege which he holds _ ething moped, the c swu ae citizen. And although ther be measures recommendeeette the fidence in the propriety of bligations.of to recommend, since, although enjoined as a du t y .„I:re nth one case than in the other, in the o RYE. , DEANS. I PEASP. Week ending WIICAT. BARLEY.I OATS. Feb. 12 !1) 21 62 5 31 11 1.2 4 34 9 39 5 :8 10 March 5 63 6 32 9 22 8 31 6 3.1 6 39 2 12 6.3 11 3! 11 22 1 1 35 1' 39 9 33 1 1 19 ,61 9 33 2 23 0 36 6 39 7i 33 1 IMPERIAL AGOREGATE AVERAGES OF THE SIX WEF.ICS Wheat 62s 91. Oats Barley. 32a. 51 , I Rye Si. SA. Pease .395. 1 , DUTIES ON FOREIGN CORN. Wheat 2ls, Bd. I W I Oats 1 Barley l3s. 10d. Rye THE MARKETS.-(THIS DAY.) COLONIAL MARKET. The transactions were fair, and prices were firm for most articles. TEA MARKET. Prices were supported for Free Trade, but the amount of bust. ness was limited at the Public Sales. Company's Congou ls. 71d, per lb., cash, with few buyers. TALLOW MARKET. The market was dull, and prices gave way a little ; sellers of P. Y. Candle at 465. on the spot, and 475. for the last three months. HAY MARKET. Fine descriptions of Clover Hay were in good request, and rather higher rates were obtained, the supply being scanty. LLOYD'S SHIPPING-(THIS DAY.: LONDON, MAnctt 25.—Wind this day at aoon—Light breeze from S. W. DEAL, MARCH 24.—Wind W. S.W.—Arrived the Cham pion, Champion, from Cadiz. Arrived from the River, the Waverley, Morgan, for Hobart Town ; Symmetry, Mackwood, Ceylon ; Houghton Lespru, Barely, Demerara ; Charlotte, Wattie, Nevis; Rebecca, Drake, St. John's, New Brunswick; Liverpool, Spence, ditto ; King Alfred, Knill, St. Michael's ; Hercules, St. Übes. Sailed the Queen Victoria, Connor, for Sydney, New South Wales ! ' General Kyd, Madras. STA NDGATE CREEK, MARCH 23.—Arrived the Joseph Stowe, Spence, from Odessa; Orlando, ditto; Exeter, Tripp, Palermo; James And Elizabeth, Leghorn. FALMOUTH, MARCH 23.—Wind W.,strong and squally.— Arrived Anna, from Constantinople. alled the Mads Weels, Stang, for Hamburgh ; Coquette, Morrison, ditto; Navigator, Eckel!, Amsterdam ; Patriot, Shand, Bridlington ; Venus, Plumner, Cork. PENZANCE, MA RCH 23.—The Mary Stewart, from Cardiff, at anchor near the Praa Sand, was taken in here this afternoon, and supposed to have proceeded t , ) Falmouth. A narrow board was picked up this morning, with the letters cut out in lead, and tacked on the wood, 64 D'Envers," of Antwerp. MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS CITY, TWELVE O'CLOCK. LIVERPOOL Corrox Manxxx, MARCH 24.—The sales of Cotton to-day are limited to 2,000 bales ; the market is firm at Friday's quotations ; speculators and exporters are inactive. LIVERPOOL SHARE MARKET MARCH 24.—Glasgow, Pais ley, and Greenock, 23%; Grand Junction Quarter Shares, 271; Chester and Crewe, 50%; Lancaster and Preston, 23i ; Midland Counties, 78; Quarter ditto, 15%; North Midland, 35 3 . MANCHESTER STOCK EXCHANGE, MARCH 24.—We can not report any ma'erial alteration in the state of our market:— Edinburgh and Glasgow, 29%; Bank of Manchester, 7%; Grand Junction Quarter Shares (late Chester and Crewe), 50 to 50%; Eastern Counties Debentures, 6% to 6%; Midland Counties, New, 14% to 15 ; Lancaster and Preston, Now, 23 to 231 ; London and Birmingham, 146 to 150 ex-new. The Batavier Dutch steamer has arrived with papers of the 23d March, bringing the Dutch prices. Two-and-a-Half per Cents., 50 7-16 ; Five per Cents, 97 17-16 ; Ardoin's Spa nish, 20 15-16 to 21. We have received the Journal of Antwerp of yesterday's date. BOURSE OF AMSTERDAM', MARCH 23.—The Bourse was less animated, and the prices not so well sustained in respect to the national funds. By the arrival of the Patrick Henry from New York, which gaged on the Bth instant, we have received the Montreal papers to the 3d of March, and Quebec to the 28th of February. The Montreal papers are void of intelligence. The Quebec papers state from Kingston that the weather, for the last fort night, has been very mild for the season, and the market con tinues to be well supplied. . . The following appeared at the Exchange Reading-room:— " A letter from Toronto, dated 15th of Februat y, states that accounts had just reached that place that Colonel Prince bad been shot by the Americans at Sandwich." A letter from Mayaguey, dated 3d of February, gives further particulars respecting the destructive fire which took place there, by which it appears that the entire loss by the fire is estimated at about two and a half millions, and from 20 to 25,000 quintals of coffee have been consumed. The fear that a revolt of the negroes might break out, is at present entirely suppressed. The strictest vigilance on the part of the Whites had been observed, and the confusion is not by any means as great at present as during the preceding days. The Governor- General is expected every moment to arrive from the capital. Accounts from Monte Video of Dec. 21 state it was reported to-day that they are digging trenches round the city of Buenos Ayres. !HD FUNDS. The great anxiety which has been expressed in the City for further intelligence from the United States, has at length been allayed by the arrival of the Patrick Henry, at Liverpool, which sailed from New York on the Bth instant, with intelligendb f seven days' later information, by which it appea s that affairs are taking a more pacific turn. The Congress has also taken a more peaceable view of the relations between England and the United States, in respect to the maintenance of peace with England. (For further ex tracts from the American papers, we refer our readers to another part of the paper.) The exchange upon England 7b 8; United States Bank Shares 18. In consequence of the above favourable intelligence from New York, the British market funds have risen full per cent. on the leaving off prices of yesterday, closed at 88* al for the account at present 8,:i1 ; money 88s I ; Exchequer Bills 57. prem. In the foreign market Spanish Active 2.3 h, Deferred 12A, Passive ba -a, Portuguese 304 31, Three per Cents, 18i /, Brazilian 7172, Colombian, 21 4 to 22i, Mexican 29* Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents. 501 51 ; Five per Cents. 9 9 / 1 100 SHARES. - Great Western 22 23 prem. ; New 10 11 prem. ; London and Brighton 7 dis. ; Blackwell 54 dis. ; Birmingham 58 GO prem. ; Southampton 54 55 per share ; Croydon 124- per share; Greenwich 71 8i per share; Man chester and Birmingham 16 15 dis. HALF.PAST ONE; In the course of the morning the Bears became alarmed at the intelligence from America, and some of them bought in their accounts, which gave an impulse to the British market, and it aontinues firm to the present time, without any opera tions of nrignitude having been effected. Consols have been during the course of the morning alter tritely, buyers and sellers, at S 8 for the Account; Money, 81. Exchequer Bills, 6 4 prem. ; New Three-and-a-Half per Cent -7., 961 97b ; Bank Stock, for the opening, 170 ; India Stock d.,., 249. In the Foreign Market, Spanish Active, 23A i; Portuguese, 31 ; Three per Cents., 183; Mexican, 29a 3; Dutch Two and-a-Haj per Cents., 503 ; Five per Cents., 100. In Shares not much doing. Eastern Counties Debenturts, 63 ; Great Western, New, 611 ; London and Birmingham, Third Shares, 231 ; South Western, 55 ; Midland Counties, 80 79k. QUARTER TO THREE. Consols, Money, 88i 88 ; Account, 863 ; Dutch Two• and-a-Half per Cents., 50/ 51 ; Mexican, 29% 291 ; De ferre t, 9i 9a ; Portuguese, 34i 311; Three per Cents., 19 19* ' • Spanish, 23} 23. Markets firm, with every appearance of improvement. No news of the President by the second train from Liverpool. CLOSING PRICES. BRITISH FUNDS. India Stock Ditto Bontis dis Ditto Old Annuities ... Ditto New Annuities... 871 Ex. Bills, 1,000/....2Ad 4 pia Ditto 5001 Bpm Ditto Small Bpm Bank Stock for Opg. I7O India Stock for Opg 249 Consols for Acct BBi FOREIGN FUNDS. Austrian, 5 per cent.... 110 'Portuguese ' 5 per cent. 62 Belgian, 5 per cent Ditto, New Ditto Brazilian 80nd5.......... Pru sian ' 5 per cent. Buenos Ayres, 6 pe r cen t 23 Russian, 5 per cent Chilian, 6 per cent...—. 64 Ditto, Metallic Colombian, 6 per cent... Spanish, 5 per cent 231 Ditto, 1824. — Ditto, Deferred ... 12i Danish, 3 p er cen t French, 5 per cent. —f. —c. Greek, 18:15, 5 per cent — E: change —f. —c. Mexican, 5 per cent. ... 301 French, 3 per cent 77f. 25c. Ditto, 6 per cent, 1825. Dutch, 21 per cent. ... 504 Peruvian, 1825, 6 per ct. 161 Ditto, 5 per cent 991 SHARES. Eastern Counties Railway (23 paid ... ••••• Ditto Debentures ( 4 raid) . ...... . • Great West ern R a il way (65 paid) .•• 89 Ditto New Shares (50 paid) Ditto Fifth (4 paid) London and Brighton (50 paid) London and Birmingham Railway (90 pd) Ditto Thirds (32 paid) 5ll Ditto New Shares ( 2 paid) 23i L(.ndon and Greenwich Railway (20 pd) Ditto Scrip. (3 paid) 55 London and South Western Ditto Tenths London and Croydon Railway ( Trunk) Manchester and Leeds (70 paid)...... .... Ditto New Shares (30 paid).. 29 Midland Counties Railway (100 paid) 79k Bank Stock .• 3 per Cent Red. 3 per Cent Cons BBi 3i per Cent Red — New 34 per Cent 974 New 5 per Cent Long Annuities to expire Jan. 1860 Oct. 1859 Jan. 1860. EVENING EDITIQ