The Sun. — London, England, 1841-10-18 00:00:00

if SITN NSURRECTIO::: SPAT. Y" RID, OCT. 7.--My letter of the 2d i ns t an t put in possession of th e state of affairs and of public reeling in the cap i tal at that date. The design of a ge sadneral rising in the north, and of a revolt in the army, iadthen b ecome obvious. F or several days previous, tio n • ' ided -might - say week s , th e G overnment had informa • a the plan and leaders connected with it. Deter mined to act solely within the orbit of the constitution theY, unfortunately, paid too little attention to the in i formation received by them, and consequently neglected taking those precautions ii - time require by the cireurn sr4nees• They met the blow aimed t ea a them more like martyrs than worldly politicians. The evil which they did not and mean to any one, they did not expect in return ; the tim e f or averting- it was let p ass i n imprudent , forbearance. .. They were soon roused . from their confidence. On the :3(.1 they had the news of the defection of the troops at Estella and Panieelna; and on the 4th it became ". generally known in aleldrid. One of the conspirators , • las e aule over, now, and gave more exact information . of the names connected With the conspiracy in Madrid. ;e l l e ,Principal of these Were those of the Generals Leon, '''4ll`eileta, pal of Concha ;lirigadier Pezuela, and Colonel "?`n.a°ra, brother of the late General of that name. , .oe names of several civilians of a respectable charac sr were also given. It Was time to do something, and It 44 last ocenrrecl to the Government as prudent to reseeord t he - " milita• err men I have just - named to their ~:s ee, ts".‘os, or into depot. For this purpose agents the.e.sent. to e.xecute the parties had all orders of Government; but act of the absconded, or did so in the se, . es: e.overarnent officers calling at their houses. , el era' confidential officers were sent to the provinces to so in their regiments, ! . )n. the Basq ue which were also ordered to move provinces. Generals .Ayerbe and. Zur 12,itio ,received important commands ; the former, of the ml ols army destined to operate in the north ; the latter, 't9 ordered Some troops in the neighbourhood were to concentrate upon Madrit 4 , and double guards I : l ; fte e e e d 'Von all place s of importance in the city. While preov?n()‘el:fililent took these measuree, the corpora . .tiori, Guarcieclatetdbeepntation, and the officers of the strop 4 him the National city, waite.d upon the Regent, and gave .t remodei!ced,risrtzta:tsautreanoefes of support. Meantime the city complete tranquillity. • . 4 , t0rl l'• 7 -rile blow intended by the Moderado conspi fortu , as been at lest struck,_ and has failed. The good field fortune 11611 crowned the Duke do la Victoria. in the s_l37lllnats.h ef.(groevosnedd, hire all d, - i nto the walks •P; 1 , , ,: ,re e e , e , I trust, the free institutions f (ii. v , 1 ell Iclosed my hurried letter of last night, the ,tainolical attempt of carrying off the Queen from _the cond ucted had commenced. The execution of the plan C lox,u le o d ha' Generals Concha, Leon, the Duke of ban W a cf r e e "' as4 Solo, and ethers, properly began at seven e ,„: 11 s i in the and of the Hussars of the Prin the,oest L?laZfutil:e wl.aisalace. This regiment, which vas t made prisoners at the mori . i9 retoYdeuer° Proceeding to take orders at the Duke s e f.;nee by stratagem ! Concha, with three companies in I•,' erevolted Royal Guirds, came upon all the on o t hem n s jiltre guard-room, and threatened to fire on /e u 3' stirred. His attention being called to another tih i eller, the e . . and hose.:s onicers.succeeded in getting ~ to their men t earit u i r ln s e ~eand rendered noble service during . ; the .. n: v g . l!. t velv e , uoncha immediately went. to the I alacss d.itn at ‘loec , o,e.,,nlpanies more of the revolted Guards, and ,_ p alace °tamed possession of the whole lower part of the 4 141 . . and f,rrand staircase. The three companies o rib' on octal duty at the palace, said to have - been s ek e ,. , a nd no doubt truly, offered no resistance to . . fron - f fl out no to the armoury, a long building in . . ot the Palace. The relieve guard of halberdiers, h o e t oat 10 0 gtile, men, had also unfortunately not arrived at t eesie ari d the whole defence of the Palace and the up en - '' Person, with the Infanta, her sister, . devolved i)lit, „nineteen old halberdiers, commanded by Co ' -Oulc t hes e . e / a young man of thirty, and nobly did fi eel thl-Fteans and their young commander per file serieserr 'ilifY. Stationing two men at each door in r,z eee of rooms leading to those occupied by the ha l e, i and placing, himself at the first which he ac flieee•', eSf open, he and his brave companions defended Wei ee tlres , and their Royal charge from half-past seven by e el to o-ne, when their 1,500 assailants had to escape Pro l e; -c aVta. de Hierro, leading towards the Basque by both res. Such was the intensity of the filing kept up pre sent ed partitei, that the doors, walls, anal furniture the aro-Terence of so many targets this morn t4;pt It w "uld A be in vain, even had I time, to at fase„t° describe the almost superhuman defence irle oe , by the brave men, to whom Spain is to-day tlie.;!' e ti for a Queen. In the dark and confusion of ieriveight, and the occupation of the Palace by a large fs0:11.!g; force, below in the court-yards, assistance ateeielout appears to have been difficult. For d tii , - Pe ed the fate of the Queen did - not altogether de hot U pon it, her safoty being in the }rand:; of a few er e Tellant defenders. On the retreat of Concha the 1)414' lostilities for the most part terminated,. and . 4 ta;: l e ' a s kept possession of till daybreak this morning . *oral` uklberdiers. The conduct of Madame Mina .a w s was the 3 , al her name. Royal fortunately she to . o, u tt,em fiee!aee with her pupils. By con!ing she t'ID A ; `}C'til to room as the bloody battle thickened, 1 14 ; 1 ‘ e '''afd to have, in a great degree, contributed . to t, r Per3on,l - r but, notwithstanding ad e i ear „, 1 ', sa,etY j;,l of bullet was visible i lls xt,,,e;',—' ortnnese, the mans a t "'' , I se - ," 111 , 9 ,* on the wail, a few inches above the bed of ',,ea ' e e ur n Not even to the Gallant Duke would she . , le s e,'°or, when a moment permitted him to inquire ,OeleC''.3afetv of his Sovereign and her sister. At day n'thTe- .- the li e race-nine. th e Duke de la Victoria proceeded,. t essee „ n d of his iescort, to- the Palace. I never vi 1 - leaceell:Y t hing like the enthusiasm with which his pre llss e ttl - n'alate o neis troops. His passage to the Palace t 41eharetfe.?tutZt8. continued series of the loudest and most et,74.1•/sited the Plaza T ay or in his way, t e 41 : t.;' , ) the people and tiie troops. He then proceeded and spoke a few stiti 4.10-`,z.'laee, and here a seine csf the most interesting gey ei li ng kind took place in the presentation of • tilt: °:p an at the balcony of the ,Palace, to assure 1 - 1 P e n Ple of Nr,.., the safety of their beloved Sovereign. k , '413 were admitted to the Royal 1 4 reet e I , the apartments iltt r, console the Queen and her herf Ifidiege I,,eaking, with infantile simplicity, - o soseLzieerself te save herself from the balls ! The Duke Illetse.fej3; elzbraCed Colonel Dulce, and instantly pro" *kh-ornz to the rank of Brigadier. 119 next addressed tse eko the lialberdiers separ'ately, and in like manner 'ere, reel them, givin them at the same time the Laurel flis•'' % n f ate le e , g as - e, perhaps, dap ll. Post I , h 'nand°. These fine old fellows were at h., ,• ‘en the Duke- entered, just ifnothing had eher,,led• But tl b 4 % Ar ad •1e most touching scene was, Colonel ali ce , ame Atom. publicly aP°l"g'"ll. " du rin the Slit eli ee il e,r . rude denial of admission to hi T n i i ), clefe g ction ts)l4tr.le, ll'ttsz ielnatppaiecl. to see b :n he ve g ry ue c e o n n'siderable. Some !1 /1.14 1e1 1 ,, i 5 e3 9r the all,Gteutards and their officers are made ( fet ed ' • The National Guards and the people con— then, 1 1:1-1 a—, thorns with their usual firmness and mode ezl4,ll., 4-,,e'eel disgust in adding, even as a report, that • ty 0e hail sallied forth from the this disgraceful enterprize. French em s.-- LE y ANT MAIL. 'N kt,...,, tONSTANTINOPLE. 'N 1,-*';'---.' i neeti-ig of foreign merchants, ban k ers her influent:a-1 /nen of all nations, connected lase let n ~ee ll(' fin . n has been held at Galata,. to ls tho 'nesidepalie all-de7 t4ile,preeiat jol t' an theto .devise paper currency, of Cx os rn meansm e nt to provide against 'it!tintt 4.eirci_, vsh.ien. has . fallen . to nearly 8 per cent.. d . a . , tqctQae•act.this depreciation been the effect of ordinary ttaltetiu,,o.s, nic.idental to the money market, or had it l'ill...etild -,110111 direct political or commercial causes there h'ee the been less reason for alarm and discontent, it ht -1:10:anae agcy that produced the decline ti i• the even influenced (teri 41.0 no•st d exist for believing a favourable.. that this ,), orQvi gI, 'OUII S f : , th, en lyethe result of a most flagitious manoeuvre `Nit lie P t l'4.` of the Finance Minister ( blouse Pacha), inlra ( 4 ele t i 111°1n with a Greek banker of eminence at resorted 1- lo' -444 1 ii• Th - h ,said to have been ir .. 1 ,,,,,, a , c 13 SC erne, s occasions of.pecu li:t ,1e'1:4,1 li e on formerformer occasions of peru- Thjs scheme, said to have been resorted may produce money f?r mime- Q nt , ait eil q ; e % "Went . , pay . plod ,e,,erke,,,,,i.5, hut it is ruinolis to the credit of he eleree:‘, aild most injurious to the interests of 1:41: t 1 Z 1% )! El la in sending agents upon tiv:try artAilana and bazaars, with 'direetionsse_to.m bank 'Change,e employ t o !, 3 _), b y 5 e ...? . t(1/ . east disfavour . lip r O . n s the or 111 by refusing erileteellhttierenriltg palarining r n e res o : 'Ett Oaf heav y sdis lk- p, -...s beirig il do arin a e n u d t ' a u decli ne from to ,54,111' theet Prodneed,lletitese or other agents purchase , .iat,„ notes the i lia ocure, and " R i de after , ethe r dales so as to preven int r 1 fr. ( anc...the Ewan t ei s , h sn ii , e h.s..°_lri_ receiving the lnter ' est, the notes h . f Exchequer Bills, knQii"ea thete'":ttsilre the. character lvvyi t hat tha t Par , .lireetuig, by n . firmans or other lik ak 44 ~,Y shall be taken ,at their full value ; thus 4 th Nastifiable tax of froit• 'l`l l e Pnblic t 4„, e in eet • sto 10 per cent. n„-u,nition „lit, after mature deliberaiston, came to a le'qrto pre4o address a complaint to the Government, t,3 ziZztlurlst,..74 in a body upon an early day - to the Porte, et,,;tte, a ,„' e Personally with the Gram. 3 Vi . zir ; a :L -i, rls,:tq ozZog Ch er circumstances, that it is thea Ln te „Dar t ; ._ _n% Government, collectively. speaking,attri ti,t, soio.:',lnis transaction, but that it must .ue _- tb e 1 41 Q .: io the Finance Minister and % pertain conti _ ,t 4 %,tlPillt , II ei .% slipported by Arif Pacha, President for Noilriee' of object is not to procure '; , resources i fo g ta w , Is th e I the country, but to enrich thernse vc_. it"litiQ,Qtcgoe.neral impression, and it appeal 's to be well aitil9 Nile P biDa,, t It thoti', --gYptia.n steamer, has arrived, bringing er P4 Yra,' six millions piastres (250,000 d. )11ars), a s he" t he , 1 / 4 :_, Q 1 1 1 , t °f the tribute. .It must be remarked ' 14 (2 tr atis .*:l ' 11Poil hearino• that certain s ams had others, N 113414.1tted , presentt; to himself and tietklt,e tervitt. these sums should be applio d - the I d nru oth,r'- tha t e, observing, with great justice stre4 9fieriil' all I s a to 'a.s reesroleveeedepntoietgtowhseett manigeb:l9ubcP•co- . n. _ 1 14 ; , .' l t' br'h • g Ser, ka s n 1 es. ..ret__. ~ .er , ,, ',l . tiq th Qrl4, will y ttesFlud Pacha, accompanii x , l by .his r ive i tl e ban a b e t ake kis departure to-morrow ( ,he .l 2 l b l t t /2 PNi, i 4 hO ut sixa_Tisenna for Paris, .where h ern,ritpr(..nsiegwfarkii.y elBal.a.idrse Pl . toi l s s , e wh is e c w a i lled to leave this for 4 Ilet la the Course of ' t m ' i k a b S vvilja'll to aet as Charge vie ' e '''!.ll d will leave M. eara LI , , it is ,aid • • arge d Aflaires. I,ord Pon- Iletr,, 'le ~h__ , certainly embark upon •the sth on thi,,qh riQQl,_7r?ii for rtlalta, where his Ext ellency will de kid, tz itntine, and thence Proceed to Civita Ve°- (14 3 e -: 4 e % of t " h rll e e . s ,• %ilia .Tordship willhave his audience arri v ' -1)r. `-',,tan in the course of two or three 4 fr oki iaeb, attache to the Persian mission, has pie b, on his oadlcinewar lie brings favourable accounts of ritr irs in M-. 'Pc d. IT pointed paid attache to the SUMO mission, started - for Trebizonde on the 23d, and will proceed, en courrier, to Teheran. The accounts of the plague at Erzcroum are very unfavourable. It is reported that nearly two hun dred persons are carried oil daily. The address, of which the following is a translation, has been presented by the Greek and Armenian families and British subjects residing at Therapia, to Lord and Lady Ponscnby I - " Therapia, Sept. 15, 1841. " To his Excellency Lord Ponsonby, Ambassador from the Queen of England, and to his Noble Lady. " My Lord and my Lady—A most honourable but painful duty has been confided to me. It is that of con veying to your Excellency's feet the address of the vil lage of Therapia. " Impressed with the deepest gratitude, its inhabi tants, whom a report of your departure had alarmed, wished to doubt its veracity, but now that the sorrow ful truth is known, nothing remains for them but to deplore their separation from benefactors who will be the object of their constant pray ers. Our men bless you, and our women will teach their- children never to forget you in the prayers which they will address to the Almighty, of whose beneficence you have been the gene rous_represen tative. " Viritious without pride, charitable without ostentation, you have succoured the widow and protected the orphan. • All misfortunes, when made known to you, have alike • found solace in your bounty. " This was a noble employment of your fortune. The ' recompense of Heaven will be your just reward. "Lord Ponsonby is indebted to his birth for the exalt ' ed station which he holds in society, and to his eminent talents for the ,distinguished functions wherewith he has been charged by his Sovereign ; but your Excellencies are indebted to your virtues alone for the universal sym pathies that you have awakened among us. " May you enjoy the pure satisfaction that the soul derives from acts of goodnes. May this satisfaction be your constant lot. It will strew flowers over the re maining days which the Almighty may accord to you. " Too deeply affected to he able to continue, your Ex cellencies will easily comprehend the emotion of him who thus traces the farewell of those of whose misfortunes he has so often been the interpreter. "He has the honour to be, &c., &c. (Signed) " J. D. DE NOA RY. "We certify that the sentiments expressed by M. do Noary are those of the: Greek and Armenian families, of the chiefs of the village, and her Britannic Majesty's subjects residing in Therapia. (Signed) "NICHOLAS HADJI CHEBADJI. "ALEXANDER SERPOS. " GEORGIQ ANASTAZIO." Lora and Lady Ponsonby may receive many addresses and letters expressive of regret at their departure, but none ought to gratify them more than the above proof of attaehmeut on the part of the people among whom they have resided nearly ten years. It is by cond uc t such as. that depicted by M. de Noary, that representa tives of Government in foreign countries conquer the esteem of the great, win the affections of the poor, and elevate the character of their country. The medical military commission, consisting of Doc tors Davy, Dawson, and others, have quitted this place. Every effort on the part of Lord Ponsonby and the Go vernment failed to procure their joint admission into the Turkish service ; a serious loss to that service. The two talented officers above-mentioned rceeived splendid snuif-boxes from the Sultan prior to their departure, as a testimonial of his Imperial Majesty's satisfaction at , their conduct whilst at Pera. The firman for the reorganization of the army, and for the appointment of General Joehtnus as Chief of the Staff, will be issued to-morrow or' next day. The affair of the church at Jerusalem is - progressing favourably. MEDITERRANEAN NEWS. We have received Malta Papers to the sth instant, and adrices from Constantinople and Alexandria to the 27th ult. The subjoined naval intelligence is from the Mata Chronicle . " The Howe, which took her departure from Malta on the 25th ult., reached Syracuse on the following day, and after watering, returned here on Sunday, the 31 inst., but the Vanguard and Indus, which sailed at the same time, and, as far as Syracuse, steered the.-same course, stood on (stiithout making any telegraphic com munication) as if they were destined fur Naples or Corfu. The Rodney from Alexandria, and Calcutta from Bey rout, and off Alexandria, arrived yesterday morning, the former bringing Lieutenant P. H. Stevens, RN., to join the flag-ship as a supernumerary, and Lieutenant Mellersh, of the Bombay Infantry. The Hastings sails to-day for Syracuse, to water, and the Gorgon for Athens and Suda in Candia, with provisions for the Benbuw. The Talbot, 26, the Magicienne, 24, and Acheron steamer were lying in the Bosphorus on the 27th ult. The Scout, 18, is expected to tail shortly for Suda and Athens. The Beacon, surveying vessel, was lying at Port Naussa, Ferns, on the 30th ult." The Malta, Chronicle has the following from Alexan dria, 26th ult.:— " The Medea is arrived from Beyrout ; she left - on the 16th, calling at Jaffa. From the former place she brings accounts of an affray at I)iar el Kammar, about twenty miles from Beyrout, between the Druses and Maronites. The bone of contention appears to have been the shooting of two partridges out of the boundaries of one or the other, and from a quarrel of one or two per sons, fomented into a general one, the opportunity being propitious to wipe off tome old standing feud. About six hundred combatants turned out on each side, and, not withstanding the strenuous exertions of Col. Rose, who placed himself between the two contending parties, they could not be quieted until 16 men of both sides had been killed, and others wounded. • Upon the tail& being- known at Beyrout a surgeon of the Inconstant was despatched to look after the wounded. From Jaffa the news is that there had been an engagement between the Na plousians and the BNlonin Arabs of the Damascus de sert. The latter had enticed the former from their mountain holds into the plain, when the Bedouins made a feigned retreat, and, by some mancevre, attacking the Naplousians in rear, ended in their total defeat. The number of killed on both sides is stated to be about a thousand. The accounts we have of this affair appear to be very imperfect." The Malta Times has the subjoined, under the head of Aden :-- " We are sorry to hear that serious disasters have occurred at this new settlement. Our advices are to the 15th ult. A fire, on the sth, had burnt down live offi cers' houses, and the lines of the 10th Regiment. Every thing was destroyed, and some people injured. On the 7th a tremendous rain came down, and the mountain streams carried away a boy into the sea. On the 11th the Arabs attacked the town, but were repulsed. They intended shOrtly to make another attempt in stronger force." Extract of a letter from Alexandria, 27th ult., in the Malta Times : " We hear of some quarrels among the Bedouins and Naplousiatn , of Syria, also of an affray at Mar el Kam mar, near Beyrout, but they are of no political import ante. The Cambridge, Thunderer, Inconstant, Wasp, Hecate, and a Turkish corvett2, were at Beyrout by the last advices. The Nile is very high, and some crops have been damaged. by the bursting of the canals. The Emmetje packet, during her detention of sixteen days off Beyrout (according to :he new regulation), did not escape fever. The Lieutenant in charge of the mails, and two of the crew were attacked. This vessel arrived at Alex andria on the 13th, and sailed again on the 19th with mails and passengers for Beyrout." - - --- FLANDERS AND DUTCH MAIL PESTH, SEPT. 30.—The question of mixed marriages, which still.excites the general interest of the Nobles, both in Hungary and Transylvania, will, doubtless, be discussed in the Diet of Transylvania, which is . to be opened on the 15th of November. We are here very anxious for the resolutions which may be adopted there on this subject. The vintage in Hungary is almost every where . satisfactory ; but the harvest has, for the most part, failed, and the price of corn continues to rise. MUNSTER, OCT. 7.—We are able to affirm, from the most authentic source, that the news published from the Liepsic Allgemeine Zeitung (which is well known to be not always worthy of credit), and from the F'ranit fort Journal, respecting the ‘• resignation of the Archbishop of Cologne' is destitute of truth. HANOVER, OCT. 10.—On the 6th of this month the King, attended by a brilliant staff, and accornppnied by the Duke of Brunswick, and by Generals Von Natzmer and Von Slockhem, reviewed the troops assembled here. The regiments not belonging to our garrison leave us to day to return to their quarters. The Duke of Bruns wick returned yesterday to his capital, when he will go to Blackenburgh, where his Majesty, the Ring, will shortly pay a visit. The former Generals leave Hanover to-day. BRUSSELS, OCT. 14.—The King set out this morning for his seat at Ardenne, accompanied by M. Conway, Secretary to the Civil List. The great establishment of the Typographic Society, Auguste Wahlin, and Co., was entirely destroyed by fire this morning. The Journal des_ Flanders has information to the effect that the French Government is disposed to revoke the late decision which so unjustly affects our linens, and the effect of which the commerce of Belgium must have already felt. BELGIAN W UNDS—BaussaL• , Ce'r. 15. Act ual Debt, 254 per Cent, 54 Rothschlld's Loan, 5 per C;nt lOll4 Loan of Thirty Millions, 4 por Cent. 92% Sper Cent. Tnirty.seven ^ .. .(1840) 7l ICI Loan of City, 1732, 4 per Cent. f):3 8 octet), of Commerce, 4;V per Cent 93 Bank of Belgium, 5 per Cent ... . 72% • Nat ;una ISaciety. .. ................ — Exchange on Louden (Atilt) —Brussels Papers, Oct. 15. —VIENNA, OCT. 8 106 Fon pc n I •••••• OW 0..11 00000000000000000000 five rn e-rArCUcc7t.tsß.:B.ALeNta."ll}iqUu.Ne.sp...S.. 98)4 Thrce pr.:- Cents. Bank :.hems 0000000000 ••••••«. 00000 e• 00000 ea 00000000 ' ......M7 —.Alizememe Zekting. Oct. 12. HAMBURG BOBSEDIHALLE, OCT. 12, Bills. Money Austrian 5 per Cents. Bank shares lOOO Anglo.llussian Lean RIF, % 108% Russian 5 per Cent. Ist series, Co rtificate Inscription, Ist Se,i,ve leis Rustian 5 per Cunt. Hope and Co.zsd and 4th Series Os fii OS Ditto in Certificates New 4 per Cent. (1t340) Brifk t6k Dutch rectos! Debt, 2y6 pe. Cent , L 0,,, ylitto b per Cent — po,:ish Bonds Nev, Hetet Anglo. Danish Loan, :3 per C.T. 76% 70 NmwegN -nt Loan, 18:3, 4 per Cunt... Sp3ris.h, New 5 per Ccnts. .—__ months,ll,(:).—:ili'vweoda.vsm 01.3 515% • EXCHANGE% ON LONDON. HA n: DURC, OCToc.ri.2 RIGA. OCT. k'. —Three Months, 39 7 '6. mue51101.,4, BERLIN. 0CT,:....,....................__LV.—'rhree month 6.18,.' Died, on the 10th ult., at the house of the Rev. J. Johns, minister to the poor, Liverpool, Miss Margaret Hazlitt, sister of the late William Hazlitt, the distinguished essayist and critic, aged 71 years. THE SUN, LONDON, IVIONDAY. OCTOBER lB, /841. HOE LAND. TIII S , i-_ GUE 13.----011Su7lay evening, about nine o'clock, ' his Majesty King Frederick, Count of Nassau, •.vith a suite of four earriages, corning froin Deventee, arrived at the Lou. We have hitherto had reason to doubt whether the aged Prince, who has governed our con try for 27 .years, would think it expe dient now to undertake a journey to his own country, and it is still rather uncertain whether he will make a long stay. His Highness the Hereditary Grand Duke of Saxe Wiener arrived here the day before yester.;ay, on a visit to his Majesty - the King. Towards the end of this week the present session of the States-General is to be closed •by his Excellency the Minister of the Interior, and on the 18th instant, the new session of the- Chamber will be opened by his Majesty in the usual manner. AMSTERDAM, OCT. 12.—We hear from good authority ' that his Majesty King William Frederick, Count of Nassau, is to be affianced at the Hague, to the Countess of Aultrenient ; the marriage will take pace at the Leo soon afterwards. APPELDOOFN, OCT. 10.—We were all in a bustle yes terday, in consequence of the arrival of his Majesty the Count of Nas?..au (%eho is Lord of the Man:x here), ac companied by the Countess. Flao.s were set up all along the road, and the inhabitants of Alpeldoorn and the Loo appear to have exerted themselves to give him a festive reception. A guard of honour of fifteen horsemen, com manded by the Burgomaster, was ready at the barrier.— Dutch Pap:rs, Oct. 13. THE ALLEGED MUIk.DIR, OF A SEAMAN AT SHEERNESS. - On Friday Mr. Hind, one of the Coroners for the East ern I)ivi;ion of Kent, and a Jury assembled at the Foun tain Hotel to investigate the circumstances of the death of James Maxwell, aged 56 years, seaman of her Ma jesty's ship Wellington. Ward, a warrant-officer; of the Wellington, who has been in custody since the death of Maxwell on board. of the Ocean, was brought in under an escort of a party o f th e Royal. Marines. • He appeared to be betw(Aia 30 and 40 years of age, and was much agi tated. -- James Sheppard, a seaman, and belonging to the Wel lington, stated that the boat, in which Ward and Max well were, got ashore and stuck fast on the sands. Wit ness jumped ashore and endeavoured to get the boat off, and Ward got out and tried also. Deceased came for ward, apparently to assist, when Ward began to abuse him for getting the boat ashore. The deceased made some observations which witness could not recollect. Ward then struck him several times in th.. face with his fist. Soon afterwards be missed deceased, but -whether be fell overboard or was knocked over he could not state. He sa.,v no weapon used. There might have been one, but the night was so very dark he could not see well. Coroner—Are you aware if there was any ill-feeling existing between the prisoner Ward and the deceased Maxwell hcfbre the occurrence ? Witness—l never knew of airy ; they always appeared on the most friendly torms. Nathaniel Kingdon underwent a lengthened cross-exa mination by the Jury, front which it appeared he knew little of the affair, being intoxicated at the time. He, however, said Ward's treatment towards the deceased was brutal in the extreme. Ile beat him about the face shockingly, and he thought the blows almost stupified the deceased, so that when he got out of the boat he knew not where he went to. James Heed, the ship's boy, 14 years of age, stated that he was in the boat with the. deceased at the time of the occurrence. Ward and the rest of them were greatly in toxicated. - The deceased had been drinking, but he knew what be was about. On the boat getting ashore on the Isle of Grain, nearly opposite the pier at Sheerness, an altercation took place between Ward and the deceased, Ward saying had it not been fur deceased's in terference in taking possession of the yoke lines they would not have been rowed aground. Deceased replied it was not his fault. WTard then became enraged, strik ing deceased in the face, and afterwards took a knife out of his pecket. - Deceased, on perceiving the knife ap peared frightened, and instantly got ever the boat side into the water, apparently to get out of the way of Ward, who was in the other part of the boat, and jenme diately afterwards disappeared. eonoNEaL-When Ward brought the knife out did you see hint strike the deceased with it ? Witness— No, Sir, I did not. Coftenern—lf he had done so must you have seen him ? Witness—Yes, Sir, I should. Several witnesses were then examined, who proved the finding of the body. It was discovered by the crew of a fishing smack on Thursday morning lying on the sand in the Swale near Queenborough. The face Ives much disfigured. Mr. Keddell, a surgeon, residing at Sheerness, and Mr. C. Inches, surgeon, belongieg to her Majesty's ship Ocean, deposed to have examined the body of the deceased. There were injuries, but none to account for the cause of death. They were of opinion that it re sulted from drowning. At half-past six o'clock the Jury, after a lengthened deliberation, returned the following verdict :—" We find that the deceased, James Maxwell, was accidentally drowned, but it is our opinion that it occurred through the ill-treatment of William Ward, carpenter of her Ma jesty's ship Wellington." The prisoner Ward was then conveyed back to the Ocean, where it is expected he will be confined until tried by a court-martial for drunkenness and disobedi eace of orders. DESTRUCTION OF THE LANCE FIELD COTTON WORKS. (From the Glasgow Journal.) A period of more than twetny years has elapsed since we were called upon to record a conflagration in Glasgow more extensive and more destructive than that which occurred last night at the Laneelleld cotton, spinning, and weaving works, the property of Messrs. William and Alexander Graham and Co., of this city. A very large portion of these works, known to be the most extensive of the kind in Scotland, have, by a sudden and awful calamity, been laid in ruins, the valuable machinery which they contained entirely de destroyed, and several hundreds of poor and industrious people thrown out of employment, to add to the sad amount of destitution and misery which are already too widely prevalent in onr city and its neighbourhood. The spinning and weaving works of Lancefield are divided into four portions, each a factory in itself, and composed of immense masses of building, five and six stories in height. First in order, there is a large work looking west, fronting Lancefield-street, five stories in height, and about 180 feet in length, occupied, on the ground floor as a mechanics' shop, and above partly as a spinning factory, some portions of the building being ' used as store-rooms, ware-rooms, a counting-house, &c. Attached to the south end of this erection, and running eastward from it, there is another large building, called the South or Old Mill, also five stories high, and 180 feet in length, the lower flat being need for the weaving of power-loom cloth, And the others for spinning and carding, and carrying on the ordinery opera tions connected ith these branches. Still farther to the east there is a spinning and weaving factory of equal dimensions, which s:retches onwards to Hyde Park,. and known as the Hyde Park Mill. To the north of all these buildings is what is called the New Factory, also running east and west, six stories in height, and forming an immense range of building, occupied entirely by power-looms. At the eastern extremity, and lying be tween these great buildings on the north and south, there are some smaller erections of little consequence in this description, the whole inclosing a court of very con siderable extent. The above gives but a faint idea of the magnitude of the works, but the con ception formed of them may perhaps be strengthened by a knowledge of the fact, that they gave employment to upwards of 1,100 persons within the walls. How it caught fire DO one can tell; but the supposition is, that a spark, struck out by the collision of a piece of iron with some part of the machinery, may have fallen among the cotton and set it in flames. From the cotton on the floor it soon seized upon the wooden furniture of the room and the building, and spread with a celerity which defied 'all attempts to stay its progress. In spite of every exertion, it soon spread through every ramification of the south mill, and the whole of the interior of that large building, with all its machinery, ley a mass of burning ruins, while a large portion of the back and- front walls tumbled to the' ground. The flames speedily communicated with the front building, and the whole of the ror,f and the greater part of its interior were also destroyed. It is impossible to estimate, as yet, aright, the loss which has been sustained by the partial destruction of these works. We believe, however, we are not below the mark when we st to that it cannot be less than 30,0001.; and we are happy to hear that the lois will be more than covered by the insurance. From 300 to 400 people will, however, be thrown out of employment; and it is here that the greatest misery connected with the catastrophe lies. In the present state of trade there is little or no hope of them obtaining employment elsewhere; and in the face of winter these poor people have a very discou raging prospect before them. A great proportion are females, all of them having dependents, more or less, upon their labours; and what is to become of them we confess we are unable to tell. - --- • ----- - BUDE LlGHT.—Christ Church, St. Pancras, was illuminated during Divine Service last night with this light (an intention of which we apprised our readers on Saturday-last), and the advantages of this improved system were manifest, the lignt of two lustres suspended from the ceiling having more effect than that of the 72 Argand-burners previously used ; and producing, at the same time, perfect ventillation, 133 means of flues which carried off the foul air vitiated by respiration and com bustion, so prejudicial to health in close and crowded apartments. This subject was adverted to in a very appropriate manner by the Rector, Yr. I )odsworth, from the pulpit. _ _ A new kind of institution has sprung up in Scotland, which is robbi ng t h e Mechanics' Institutes of their members, and which provides lectures, music, &c., at a very cheap rate, admitting individuals for the small sum of Id. fur each evening's entertainment. EXTRAORDINARY OAK TREE --There is now growing in Brook Wood, near Brook House, in the parish of Bnckfastleigh, a remarkably fine oak, about three feet in circumference, and which, to the height of GO feet, has scarcely a protuberant bmneh. Amongst the articles recently recovered from the wreck of the Royal George were some leaden type used for marking linen, with the name of P. 11. Durham, 1781, which evidently formerly belon ge d to the present Sir P. H. Durham, who was at the time of the accident a midshipman on board. A poor man lately applied to a clerical bon vivant in the country to preach a funeral sermon on his deceased wife, at the same time requesting to know the exjrnse . " Two guineas," was the reply. " Couldn't you do it for one ?" " Wh;e, I could p reac h you a ser monone guinea, but it would not b e worth your hearinfog.r„ L I T ERA T U I:.E. THE MIRI:OR. imbird, London. It is always with pleasure that we refer to this oldest and, in some 'reipects, best of the cheap literary periodical s , b y which of late years so '' much information and ' Wholesome ell tertaiament has been diffused over every part of the earth where the English larnzuage is spoken. In the last Number o f t hi s eNcellent work, amongst a variety of articles, we find one worthy of atten tion. it is from the per of Mr. Fennel, the well known author of " . .A Natural History of Qua drupeds," a n d i t i s entitled "Au Essay upon the Effects of M us i c upon Men and Animals. " A lthough in some parti cu l ars we diff er f rom t h e author's view s , we consider the information con veyed in his essay respecting- the beneficial effects of music - upon the . health of the young, and upon the temper of persons of all ages, to be valuable in a very high degree. e could not help smiling, however,,at the credulity of some of his historical- references. lie tells us that " Tyrteus, the Spartan poet,. by certain verses m which he *sung to the accopaninient of flutes, so inflamed the coura ge of his c ou ntrymen, th a t they achieved a great victory over tho:gesse 7 nians, to whom they had submitted in several previous conflicts. Timotheus with his flute, could more the passions of Alexander as lie pleased, inspiring him at one moment with the greatest fury, and soothing- him in the next into the most gentle and placid state. Shakspcare says music can ravish savage ears And plant in tyrants mild humility.' Low's Labour Lost,_'pct IV. Scene 3. The truth of this assertion is abundantly shown both in ancient and modern history. Pythagoras instructed a woman, by the power of music, 0 arrest the fury of a young man Who came to set her house on fire ; and his Empedocies, used his lyre with such success as to prevent another person from murderinm his father when the sword was un s h eat h ed for that purpose. The fierceness of Achille s was allayed by playing on the harp, On which account Homer gives him nothing else out of the spoils of Aaion. With quieted wild and d t n s k a e m n e y i o n u s t t h r s u t ; i 1 t a Ti n d t ad es, in a similar manner, brought back seditious multitudes to temper and reason." This History is apocryphal. We thought it was pretty well established that Alexander was insensible to the influence of music--that he could not perceiVe the hat mony of Hotner,;s, verses, which - he loved only for the,exploks they recorded—and that the _,effects produced - u po n him by Timotheus were purely fabulous, not withstanding the brilliant use made of them by " glorious John" in the immortal Ole to St. Ce cilia. We believe that much of the " credible history" quoted by Mr. Fennel rests upon little better foundation. The following extract is the only one for which we can here afford room :-- It would, unquestionably, be rash to suppose that all men who are not pleased with the concord of sweet sounds would commit those crimes against the person and the State which the poet says they are fit to execute. Certainly they must lack a reverence for, or the power to appreciate, that which is harmonious ; but this physi cal defect, if I may so term it, mayshow itself by de stroying things of less consequence than life and State. Lord Chest er fi e ld, if h e did n ot di s lik e music, certainly , rf A ga d r l d i e e d e the hpi his a s c ( t ) i n c , e " o e i t 5 1 , s ys n acco m pli s h ment. In his , o "I cannot avo id ca lli ng playing upon any musical instrument illiberal in a gen tleman. Music is generally reckoned one of the liberal arts, and not unjustly; but a man of fitshion, who is seen piping or . fiddling at a concert, degrades his own dig nity. If you love music, hear it; pay fiddlers to play to you, but never fiddle yourself. It makes a gentleman appear frivolous and contemptible, leads him frequently into bad company; and wastes that time which . might otherwise be w e ll em pl o y e d." S uc h i s t h e opinion of an exquisite; but I cannot agree with his Lordship. Hunt ing; and other fashionable sports seem to me much more likely to Lad young gentlemen into bad society (as that of' betterS, gamblers, jockeys, &c., to wit) than playing upon the violin. His advice, that if one loves music one shuald not learn to play it, reminds one of the lazy Turk who, seeing some English gentlemen dancing, observed to them, " If you like that sort of amusement, why do you not: get your servants to do it for you? " REMOVAL OF THE WRECK OF THE ROYAL GEORGE.—The work has been much impeded by the violent gales of last week, notwithstanding which fair progress has been made, four divers having been em ployed for some part of almost every day. Corporal Harris has been occupied in getting up iron ballast, to separate which he has found -no easy task. The spot where Lance-Corporal Jones was working being co vered by shingle ballast, hardened into a sort of concrete, a charge of 170 pounds, contained in a small barrel, was placed by him, and fired on Monday last to disperse it, after which this active and intelligent diver sent up from the since spot two pieces of the keel, one seven ftet, the other six feet long, broken off short at both ends by the exploeion, having the usual notches on both sides mar the top, and having also copper clamps attached to them by which the false keel had been affixed. He also sent up a perfect piece of deadwood, three feet lung and 20 inches square,. notched on three sides, all from the fore part of the ship, supposed to be near the original position of the feretnast. Private Williams sent up a long piece of very • thick outside planking, covered with copper, but with the heads of the nails projecting so - far beyond it that it must evidently.have had wooden sheath:nz over .the capper, a system now Obsolete. - - TrieiVerither has been too rough to detach a diver in a haunch to examine a second time the small wreck, which las lately been dis: covered bearing about -GO fathoms by east, from the centre of the loyal George. Corporal Harris who went down to it . once, and brought up two pieces of timber from it, thinks it must have been about the size of a mooring lighter. It muat probably have sunk several years before the lioyal George. Some pieces stand up about 18 feet above the bottom, but by sounding over it Lieut. Hutchin son f ound that the mass of this small wreck was only three or four feet higher than the general level of the anchorage. • A curious circumstance, we believe hitherto unknown in the annals of diving, was ascertained about a month ago, by Jones and Skelton, who found that they could hear each other speak, when standing close together at the bottom; but this- cannot be turned to any useful practical purpose, because it re quires the divers to speak in a very loud voice unfit for a connected conversation, and except when they first go down at the commencement of a slack tide, they must take care to keep at a distance from each other, lest they should be struck by the timbers which their comrades have slung. On Tuesday last a considerable degree of ex citement was caused in the family of a gentleman of pro perty, residing in the vicinity of the Edgeware-road, in consequence of the very sudden and mysterious disap pearance of a young lady and a female servant from the house. Information of their disappearance having been communicated to Inspector Wiggins, of the D it was without loss of time circulated throughout the various other divisions of the force. For two or three days Wiggins exerted himself to the utmost, and at length obtained some information, which in duced him, on Friday morning, to station himself within a public-house in Sh e ph er d- street, Oxford street, when, after waiting for some hours, a cab was driven up to a house opposite. Two young females alighted and en tered.that house, and almost at the same moment the inspector followed them ; he found them to be the identical persons he was looking for, and they Nl ere then in the company of a young man, a Cambridge student, who had been waiting there to receive them. The in spector mentioned the nature of his business, and ultimately prevailed upon both of them to get into a coach which he had called off the stand, and they were then driven back to the mansion from which they had absconded. The young man, who it is said first became acquainted with the girl while sitting in a box with her at Covent-garden 'Theatre, shortly afterwards ' quitted the house in Shepherd-street, and from that time to the present nothing more has been heard of him. The young lady, whose parents reside in Huntingdon shire, is, it is said, heiress to a large property, and she was on a visit to her London friends, who, when the inspector delivered her into their bands, presented him with 51. for his trouble. In the notice which was sent round to the different stations neither the name of the foolish girl nor the address of her friends was given. Prince Reuss, Sir Bosville Durrant and family, Major M‘Kinlay, Capt. Parr, and the Rev. R. Arnold, embarked on Saturday morning from the Custom-house hen M r . B rougham ' t on board the General Steam Navigation Company' s M a il Packet Columbine, Capt. Norwood; for Rott er d am , en route, for the Rhine. i EN T fo E r it D th E e N a . , -- nou n n of a wa ger l a i d upon a dog-fight, which, through some unwillingness o f d ogs or ope Lp ne O d ß an action men, had not been brought to an issue, " We, say Lord," Said the advocate, " were minded that the dogs should fight." " Then I," replied .the Judge, •" am minded to hear no more of it ! Call the next cause."--Law Ma- gazine. • GOOD AS NEW.—A gentleman in company with Foote, at the Smyrna Coffee House, t oo k Up a newspaper, saying, " Ile wanted to see what the Mi nistry were about." Foote replied, "Look among the : brisknessß eßesides ntehte it'oejornu,s4tkredliapSbc.sihYaurpgge:dtas her robberies." LEITH.—The shipping trade here in every de partmentlarze. teas i s i t i still 1 which continues has have a vessel in from Virginia with 450 hbds. tobacco, b o e f r b n o e n th d: w l h i o o i l n der As the finest quality that has been imported for the last 30 3w7iatlii.ssialn'thlienggratilitietraaddie,a,nced period of the year, and the rise of the Custom-house duties. A vast number of foreign grain-laden ships arc still in cur d oc k s. The duties received upon grain, for the last few days, have wheat are waiting fur another turn in the scale of duties; fur, from the immense quantity cleared at the low rate, been chiefly upon barley and beans. the market is so glutted that an immediate demand is not wanted. in o T n l n te nf ce h l i e s b a r r a id ted ve D in r s . , English Blood Hunter," when starting in life, gave lectures. His first lecture was attended only by the porter. Gentle " John," said "take that the great man, unmoved b il y te l lu t n t n e et c de i r r , c " u T m i s le tan ce , skeleton down, that I may say . with propriety— men." A mechanic at Stockton, named Hobson, has invented a means by which an enginernan may adjust the railway switches while the train is in motion ; also a method of instantly liberating the engine from th e train. —Durham Chronicle, .TO THE MEMBERS AND MINIS TERIAL APPROVERS OF THE OP:JP:CT OF THE LATE MINISTEIZIAL CONFERE:N`CE • lIE f.D ON THE CORN-LAWS IN MAN . CHESTER. DEAR Sins—Though one of the Secretaries of the Mi nisterial Conference recently held in this town on . t h e Cern and Provision-laws of the country, Ido not feel that I or any other members would be warranted, by the re sohition which app o int e d "a s t an di ng committee" to at tend to any business left in an unfinished state, er arising out of the proceedings of the Conference, to initiate any independent or separate measure in the name of that Convention. But, from my knowledge of the opinions of many, an d i n v i r t ue o f th e con fid ence reposed in me, I take the liberty of addressing this communication to the members of the Conference, and to all such ministe rial friends as have signified their approval of the object for which it was - convened. The MI MS of wretchedness, and the extent to which extreme poverty and destitution prevail among the in dustrious classes, which the details submitted to the Con ference unveiled, far exceeded our previous apprehen sions; and from the brief period to which the meetings were limited, the varied and urgent accumulations of evi dencs presented from so many districts, -could only be partially known to .the ministers assembled—on recount •of their voltuninuus extent we have been unable to pub lish• one-third of the details in the official report ; while, from - the scattered and remote residences of the members, we fear the report itself has been accessible to compara tively only a few. Moreover, events have occurred since, and disclosures Pave - been made, which would have greatly aggravated the impression produced on the mieds of the ministers, had they been the subjects of authentic detail. • I do not allege that a just Government and wise !egis lation should in themselves be to us matters of indiffer ence, or that we should fail to desiderate such laws -and such an executive administration as would secure to all the people the equal rights of citizenship, and the equal enjoyment of the benefits of a constitutional common wealth. The poor should not be debarred by his poverty, or the conscientious man by his scrupious deference to the paramount authority of principle, from the immunities and rewards of loyal fealty to the Sovereign power, and of conformity with the demands necessary to maintain the equitable supreme control of' civil rule. An electo ral franchise regulated by an exclusive and capriciously discriminating qualification, class legislation for the pro tection of favoured interests, and monopolies which sea cure pecuniary gains or secular distinctions to the advan tage of a few and the injury of the many, may but justly regarded as violations of a righteous equality; and might legitimately draw down on them the hostility of the de vout theologian as well as of the political moralist. They conform not to the law papenfect and universal love, But the question iS'ndlemger a subje c t o f s p ecu l at i on or.theoretie becomes one of humanity and • jiff i•ej , 'when the operation of any or all of these vicious principles is seen in the moral and physical deterioration of millions of men, every one of them struggling with vision or blindness, with a spark of Divinity called an immortal soul in him, when, its a consequence, these millions gaunt in figure, or with shrivelled forms, their faces pale and haggard, and ready in squalid misery to start, as in forest roaring's, with ferocity and appetite, and with strength grounded on hunger, demanding of those reputed their superior s —" How ;lave ye treated us? Bow have ye taught us, fed us, and led us, while we have toiled for you? This is the feeding and leading we have had of you—emptiness, of pocket, of stomach, of head, and of heart. Behold there is nothing in us— nothing but what nature gives the wild children of the desert." It is a perilous adventure and will require not a bold and generous but a cruel and desperate courage to remain quiescent or unconcerned, when we follow these millions as victim-sufferers, "dreary, languid, struggling, to their obscure retreats, their hearth cheerless, their diet thin : for them in this world rises no dawn of hope--andfin• the world to come almost no expectation, if it be no: hope in the gloomy rest of death ; since now even their faith or their superstition begins to fail : un taught, uncomforted, enfed : a dumb generation, their voice only an inarticulate cry: spokesman in the nation's council, in the world's forum, they have none that finds credence." What then may be their refuge ? Let the infidelity and sanguinary deluges of revoluticnary France answer, and let every patriotic Christian seek to avert so fearful a catastrophe. Long time had ministers of religion been repeesented or believed to be careless about the people's temporal ne cessities or physical sufferings, while they were regarded as. only ostensibly, in.pretence, and for selfish end:, ss:ek ing spiritual and far distant objects. A better esti:nate began to be cherished, and a gleam of hope appeared to break on the popular mind when " the Conference" as sembled ; and the expectation seemed warranted that the priest and the Levite would take a lesson from the good :Samaritan. Patience and endurance were prolonged for a season : the destitute and famished hailed, even though but too probably visionary, the promise that some change would follow th e con f e d erate expression of ministerial sympathy. Must this too fond hope be proved deceptive and a delusion, and this returning confidence be dispelled? Must the dream of the hungry man, who sleepetli and behold he eateth—but he awaketh and his soul is empty, be followed by despair ; and the ferocity and strength which appetite and hunger create be substituted for pa • tient endurance and prostrate pauperism ? If I aslittle more minutely enter into the condition of the country will you pardon my prolixity, and impute it to an anxious solicitude to avert the appalling and immi nent dangers which impend over our b e l ove d f at h er l an d ? There is but too painful evidence in this vicinity that there are thousands of unemployed mechanics whose re sources are exhausted and whose families are famished, not knowing whence the nourishment of to-day is to come; and many of them not tasting food during twenty four hours,or they have b e gg e d it from their trem bling neighbours. I have been assured from the personal I inspection of parties worthy of credit, that in the towns of Manchester and Saltine - I there are ten thousands who, them the ...to...an—x-4 —.n e e ay.mrs I,fxs vary:U . l,l4 not more than sixpence -halfpenny per week for theesos tennee, rent, and clothing of each person': while the streets and lanes are haunted by the wretched and gaunt figures—the unemployed, pauperised, and squalid forms of fellow-subjects, begging for bread. This, I grieve to say, - is not all—but we dimly appre • bend the reduction of others ; heretofore in comfort as small traders. shopncepers, &c., to the same level of ab ject wretchedness and helpless poverty. We hear of like misery and woe from surrounding towns—from Bolton, Ashton, Stockport, Rochdale, and many other districts. Nor is this suffering confined to Lancashire, Yorkshire, Staffordshire, or Wales. But the cry of despair resounds throughout the country. From Scotland we hear of mo thers mixing the dust of wood with the food of their children, or attempting to silence the gnawings of' hunger with the miserable shadow of aliment instead of the sub stance, by which the craving appetite of their oiTpring is mocked rather 'than satiated ; while in one town (Paisley), with a population of sixty thousand, eight hun dred and four families have been for weeks subsisting on the eleemosynary assistance of their impoverished neigh bours. Thus b es id es t h e ordinary helpless poor, one family in es-cry seventeen is deriving pauper support from the casual subscription of benevolence. Is it strange it' death find an easy prey among such a population, and produce fearful havoc soon? But what can stop his ravages during winter amidst such destitution, should •the famished victims remain in quiescent helplessness and tame submission till then? The unemployed, who are pining in utter destitution, and have epocaled to the benevolence of the affluent and of Government for the means to expatriate themselves and their families to the farthest foreign shores, wh ere t h ey may obtain labour and reward for their industry, have repeatedly assured me that it has been with difficulty they have restrained their younger companions from pillaging the provision warehouses around them, and they have broken up bands of young men associated to take by force rather than die by starvation, over whom they had parental control. If five full-grown millions of such should break loose from the terrors of law in the darkness of winter, where will be the rights and restraints of property ? There are silent sujerers• throughout the country, among whom are many who would die of hunger rather than complain, whose household furniture has beengra dually disappearing in exchange for food--who, during the last twelve months, have not enjoyed one comfort able meal, but whose whole families haec subsisted on the earnings of some juvenile member, as his parents' stay. For days and almost weeks together numbers of such lived without fire during the depth of last hinter, while th e s t arre d and shivering infants sought refuge in the dwelling of their neighbours, leaving their father and mother to express their parentr,l anguish in unavailing and 'bitter tears. The . chill and heartbreaking penury - .of these children of - want has sought monientary relief by pawning the -shirt from the back of the father, the cap or the handker chief from the head and shoulders of the mother, or by the sale of vessels no longer required fo r cu li nary pur poses. But so li m it e d has been the supply of sustenance thus procured, that the younger children, by the piercing cries of want, have supplicated food from their neighbours, and the only child at work has gone forth to his labour in the morning fasting, his mother, with tears, complaining she had not bread to give him; while the only alleviation of the father's hunger was found in the influence of tobacco on his stomach, a morsel of which had been obtained in charity ; and when relieved by death from the pangs of famine, only a drop of cold water could be found in the house to refresh or soothe the agonies of expiring nature. The tears of a mother • and widow might well then be many and bitter when standing over - a deceased husband, she sent forth her working child to his daily toils, saying--" good morning, love, I hav'nt a bit of bread to give thee." It is thus that we trace the unnatural process which ends in the exulta tion of a child who shall be seen dancing in joy, and exclaiming " we have plenty of bread and butter, too, now, since my father died:" in consequence of benevolent Contributions then received. There is a generous philanthropy among the poor : their sympathy and charity for their neighbours in dis tress prevent the worst consequences of destitution. Their contributions, though small when compared with the smns given by the wealthy, are large when contrasted with their own means, and generous as the display of feeling and the expression of principle : nor Will their cup of cold water be forgotten by the Judge of all. Thus, indeed, is life often preserved, and the bonds of society are kept from dissolution. But we must not too confi dently rely on such principle of conservation : when want extensively prevails, its demands the more speedily and universally exhaust. the community, and- the sym. pathetic vibrations of discontent more widely pervade the masses, and call forth a response in feeling and action. It is but too probable that there are many thou sands of families - suffering privation, and rapidly tend ing to the condition I have represented. Why should it be so ? are the people slothful, or do they capriciously refuse to work ? It is far otherwise. They eagerly plead for liberty to toil, that by the sweat of their brow they may eat bread all their days, but their former employers can give no work, since their capital is bankrupt, and their energies prostrate ; or their warehouses are filled with uusaleable goods, and their markets glutted with a supply larger than foreign merchants can purchase; because our fellow-subjects darn not take in exchange the produce of those foreign lands. Tile scarcity of home grown produce and the conse quent high price of provisions, have it is to be . feared, tempted the dealers i n gra i n to m i x deleterious engredi cuts in the food of the people, and thus those who can procure nothing but a scanty supply of bread may have not only been defraude and plundered, but their un wholesome diet may be hurrying them to an untimely grave, thus adding to the cruelties of unjust legislation. In Staffordshire the alarm was given that such deleterious mixtures were sold as food for the people. But there has been cause to echo the same complaint in other quarters. Such fiad wickedness .has been detected in this town; and flour mixed with plaster of Paris and other sub stances, in large quantities, has been bought from the regular dealer. One case I could name where eighty sacks were bought as the finest flour, which by chemical analysis was found so adulterated as to be unfit even for manufacturing purposes. What the appalling issue might be of persisting in practices so nefarious and calamitous, if they should come to be generally known, I fear to anticipate. But they clearly enough indicate the operation of the fiscal restrictions on our provision trade; while the prevalent distress among the trading classes proves the vicious tendency of the w hole commercial tariff, and especially that policy which excludes the grain of foreign c:amtlies from our regular market. The presi ut occupants of Government offices are not igriorent of this state of the country. A few short months ago, indeed, they boldly denied the existence of distress, but gradually they have come to admit that for some time it has prevailed in the Manufacturing districts. It is, however. but too probable that they have dissembled the facts to the Queen or kept them back from her cogni zance. Memorials adopted at large assemblies of the suffer ing people, signed by the highest civic fuactionaries, by Magistrates of the most populous towns of the empire, or by ministers of religion of every name, have been accu mulated in the Government offices ; anti, though in some instances, assurance was given that such memorials had been presented, yet it was afterwards acknowledged by the hie best Minister of the Crown they had not been laid before the Queen ; but, while they were stored in the Home. office, that .Minister of tke Crown did advise her Majesty to prorogue Parliament, in opposition to the pray - ens of many thousands of her loyal and peaceful subjects. Thus it tinware that men, wire have been conversant with the state of the country, and must have known the starring condition of myriads—who strained every power and unscrupulously ex: rted - every influence to acquire a dominant ascendeacy in the rominal House of Commons, and who succeeded in the overthrow of their political antagonists, by d e l us i on and artifice, hare assumed office with a reeoltoioa to contemn the people's sufferings and prayers, as well as to contravene the expression of the Queen's desires, and her patriotic recommendation, that some means might be devised by which the national ex penditure might be sustained without any increase to the existing burdensome taxation, and by which the dis tresses of the poor might be permanently mitigated. Not only did they know the wants and distress of the people from the depression of commerce, and the benevolent and enlightened solicitude of our justly-beloved Mo narch; but for six months they were conversant with the project of commercial reform, favourably advocated a nd entertained by oth er fi nanc i ers ; they also knew that the principle of free trade in every branch of commerce, end especially in the provision of the people, had been approved by millions of petitioners, and was regarded by thousands of religious teachers of the people as it righteous means of improving the country and ame liorating the condition of myriads ready to perish. Yet they formed a Government of men pledged to op pose these principles. They refused to take into consi deration the state of the nation ; they slighted the prayers of millions ; they intercepted the memorials on behalf of famishing multitudes : the fearful and wretched state of the country was vainly exhie bited to them, and their solemn obligation with its hazardous responsibility was urged on their attention in eloquent and fervid pleadings in the' House of Commons ; earnest entreaties were made that they would not suffer this season to pass and winter to approach till some roe medy might be adopted,—but, with a supercilious perti nacity nod an appalling hardihood, they have shut up the national council and dismissed the senators of the land to their pleasures or to -; ursue their selfish inte rests, while the nation reels on the brink of' ruin, and men's hearts are failing them for fear in observing the signs or the times. The summer is past and the harvest is ended ; but the people, instead of preparing for win ter, have been exhausting their resources, or eking out their existence by the wild vegetables of the field. Their clothes, their bedding, their furniture have been sold or pledged ; and they have no hope of employment for the reward of which they may be able to redeem their pledges. How tin-n can they meet cold, dreary winter, without a stock of food, fuel, or clothing, or any pro spect of remunerative employment ? how can they resist fevers, contagion, or pestilen ce ? an d s h ou ld the seditious and treasonable plot convulsion and civil war, how can we assure ourselves that the faithful subjects will be able to resist the temptation, or succsssfully to repress'revolt ? - In despite of all remonstrances or representations, then, the Legislature has separated, probably, till another year, leaving the people to such direful calamities as want of employment and extreme poverty may occasion, while no provision has been made to mitigate or soothe exasperated feeling. The consequences may, indeed, recoil on the counsellors who advised, or the obstinate and daring partisans who, for political or selfish purposes, have incurred the fatal responsibility of such e. measure. But whe among them willbe- able to relume the light of the eye once di mme d, by the shades o f d eat h, or give the cold heart to beat again ? And who can calculate the result among the myriads %%Ilia may be called to hear the wail of funeral obsequies, when mothers, in worn raiment, yet with living hearts under it, shall fill the public places with their wild liachael cries ? Will the rof-72cavii innanated policy be able to encounter a whole people wearing a pain -stricken look— a look past complaint ; as if the oppression of the great had been like the hail and the thunder; but was no longer, is thing irremediable or beyond their power of resistance and revenge ? Were they not bound to re member and act in consideration of the tact that, even should wi, e measures be promptly adopted when Parlia ment again assembles, it will be long ere their beneficial operations will be experienced by the people ? It is with trembling' I look forward. Pardon, dear Sirs, this lengthened s t a t emen t . Some thing may be gai ne d by a sympathy and communion of sentiment in such a cr i s i s . B ut I propose to do more. If the suffering people shall see that a movement is in progress in their behalf among friends in whom they have confidence, they may renew their patience, and submit to protracted suffering for a season, in hope of relief. I should wish, then, to prove to them that not a few, but that thousands of their pastors sympa thise in their sorrows and share in their sufferings, and have resolved to act with and for them at such a time. May I be permitted to recommend that immediate measures be taken to ascertain both the conditions and sentiments of your people and neigh bours, and that memorials and a petition be pre pared on the basis of such inquiry— that memorials to the Queen, one by the males and another by the females, and a petition to the Legislature, severally com plaining of the neglect and insult perpetrated by the Ministers of the Crown in the present prorogation of Parliament. and a l so d ec l ar i ng that the present House of Commons does not represent the people. Such docu ment may bear the signature of every adult male and female willing to subscribe th em , with heir designati o n. I should wish to see such memorials and petitions from as many separate congregations us may be brought to - feel and co-operate in this movement. The documents I should recommend to be collected in London, at a time and place to be hereafter specified, the time to be coin cident with the opening of Parliament. To give effect to them, it will remain for consideration whether simul taneously another conference ought to be held in London. It' so, I should recommend that the members be chosen by every separate congregation, the number and charac ter, whether 13y or clerical, being determined by the people themselves. But the arrangement, as well as de termination for holding such a conference, will roost be neficially proceed from London, and to the friends there I commit the matter. The memorials being collected, should be presented to her Majesty at one time, if pos sible, by deputies, us many as can be admitted to the Royal presence and escorted to th e P a l ace by th e w h o l e delegation. The petitions, in like 'manner, should b e presented at the bar of the Legislature, with a prayer drat the petitioners be heard in support of their cause by counsel, or otherwise. In the interim, correspondence will be extensively re quired—the Anti-Corn-law League, too, will have to put forth its fullest energies by leethres and the co-operaletiroen. of its affiliated asso c i a ti ons . I n t h e i r , e ffi c i ent proceedure I have full confidence. For each cortreepgzeint dienn't there tint fore, a small Committee will be required, say two or three, whether in conjunction with, or minister, as circumstances may render expedient. I would further respectfully suggest that each congrega tion should take immediate measures to raise a fund for the expenses to be incurred, and resolve, say by the Ist ofDecember, to transmit to the treasurer of the Anti- Corn-law League at least 1/. sterling, and also to secure whatever sum may be needed to bear the expenses of the deputation to the London Conference. I would ask y ou , dear Sirs, to as certa i n whether other they to Wray sileh an effort and commu n i ca t e , ministers in your vicioity than th ose w h om I have ad dlliietshsed,be favourable them,so that be included in this general and national movement against an odious systern of taxa tion and injustice, by which the poor are robbed and the energies of the nation are repressed and prostrated, Manelhaenslt,edr,eaoreSt.irlss,,yloBl4irl.obedient servant, J. W. MASSIE. A few days ag o a poor man in Leith was most surprised at agreeably receiving a letter from his son in Canada, whom he considered for some time had been no more, and for whom he had gornieeilin y thse : — Thetoiemourning. The particul ars o f the case are b young man in qu es ti on h a d gone out the capacity of baker, in the ill-fated vessel the President ; however, a few days before sh e sa il e d f rom N ew Y or k, having had_ som e m i, un d crstanding wi:h the captain, he signi fied his det erm i nat i on not to return i n her, but' the cap tain, being able to supply his place to his mind, expressed his de,,ermination to compel him, and to avoid which the young man, only two days before s he sailed, left the vessel clandestinely, and was thus saved from the melancholy fate which otherwise would have awaited him, POST-OFFICE.—The Lords of the Treasury have at last agreed to the numerous applications which have been made by postmasters, for some remuneration for the additional trouble imposed upon them since the introduction of the new Post-office stamps and envelopes, and by a circular just issued by Colonel Maberly, it has been notified that an allowance of 2 per cent. will be previous made on all the sales of stamps and envelopes to the loth instant, and 1 per cent. on the amount of all sales which max be effected after that date, One great - mistake in the tactics of the 'Chartists the recohrse to physicatiorce•—has been since atoned for by ~ and repudi a t e d by ovary man of any 1 weight amongst them. I need not, therefore, allude to it, except to remark that the increase of the army to th e extent of 5,000 men, and the scheme of the rural police, .grew out of that unfortunate mistake of tho Chartist !cadets. Another false move inustle acknow ledged in the recommendation of " the sacred month ;" during which the working classes were to suspend their labours in order to secure the Charter. These, how ever, are past errors, arid I merely allude to them in. order to put the friends of universal suffrage on their guard for the future. 'There is, however, a new plan at present in operation, to which I must refer at more length, because it bears practically upon the actual agitation for the Charter. I allude to the plan recom mended by some of the leaders to put clown every other agitation, especially that against the brracLtax. Upon this subject I will trouble you with a second later- Let me, in conclusion, however:repeat tl.c advice I have ventured to offer, that the advocates of the Charter confine themselves to their object of securt, , - ng_ to all men_a voice in the Government, without a; ; 1 .. ,;_ . taking to forciel the yrolicy which the people's , P e " b best meal will pursue. Lct no again suggest that middip ground to take for co :wincing the minds of, the •oeiett: class and ell tying their prejudices, is that of ' i h:insclF for and constitutional right of every Man_to a . rrs, , , ; ecturers the purposes of revenue. Lot the qh, class legislation, :r3 and writers in e h x .th p ec os hc c aarr t itste h r e o evils vils of ,mof taxa ti o n, the exhibited in our present unjust s}st c , r _ Hon , , ilie ne. enormous expenditure in places ari r, t ..„ e,nt ri the opprcs. • &eat of the education of the pan the n" smivaenyn,rofnoorpetlii,eer, benefit- maintained of I t e few, " T r' !; 3 e r' s s : a o r l e ' t t h h Ev e tr 0 5 e ti a l o r e rs t h u e se C ( iii IS z o which themes cobbrt t, fo C r a p r o t zl i a g r h l t 7tur n e n r t s ; e t . Hofraeltemfourlintit.udei3u t a s le o t r g n u:: e;Lt e s, advocates n n d e vi e oa s ci s a a ot n ue t rs l y oo . ff i capital, or argue in defence future denounce machinery, Pasrella ' ena l r e c s u : a t in h Y ey would be traitors to the th e suspicion that they are justify the people. the tried enemies I am Sir, your obedient S..f.rvant, AN OLD RADICAI. goodo o f r i t is t l o h i e r r c e tai b i l e r t s e e pe a: r d c - t as t h en a? 184 i.t : u us a tify ittth Oct., --• Mn.ATLIN AND, .A111:7.13- UFKIZirJRAISI..... I • and m ., s at, non• residing itaundon, have 1 44 My- wife . ) readvery on our native country, your . r Reuliar satisfaction; in:asmuch as the rut - - America, %%it , I . -. - v pursuits I le es and ins interesting work has led us to 'visit nearly all the - muttons 3oa have sick vividly and so justly - described in your pages. In reading them, we have' been carried along by a feeling setil:cel-r less vivid and less real titre or in., . 1 • t • - . than if were fellow-travellers with you, and actively pass ing over the scenes you have so graphically I think you have brought to the Parent Country, a very described. encouraging and just treeount of her Transatlantic Child,. and this at a time when general and correct information is; peculiarly desirable, to remove mutual prejndices, and to promote a fair and friendly understand' two countries." Mr. Catli n ing b is the distid author of " On the Manner s an d Customs of'nguisheetween the North American to Indians," and giv es th e above voluntary and testimony in a letter Mr. B uingham, of the va l ue o f is, we find, published thi s da ck powerful his recent work on America, the secon d edition of which complete or in shilling 13arts y, and m a y b e h a d e i t h er , the latter a great desidera reedy of " The Great Replthlito , 1 tam, as it enables all classes inform themselves cor ,Q. E STING SUN CflAitTi sAI AND ITS A D VOCA.TES TO 7'.HE EIVTOR OF THE SCA'. an cld advocate of Universe! Suffrage— * t00 0t : :o a r rd o , n I a u a l p T o s n , : h o e, be efforts 0 ;li t s o more that than bav a o s b il e e e n n t , made,but anxious,duna the late few years, to obtain for the working class .the right, in common with their fellow -countrymen, to a enactvote penal t h e far stweh o etr f ivethm t igc h aoh e r vkhesnra:: has through nnh been who o:):,n.g h I‘ t y a o tax them, pursuedt yh, excellentoe m ub y , t,el end re paper, mit m a up t o o n ° t ff lr ' c r c a ou f r e leading advocates of tl e Charter ? I shall do so in sin• cerity and candour, and if I cannot speak of all their proceedings with approbation, I sympathise too much' with them in the ob:ect they are striving for, to dwell with harshness upon the mistakes which they may have honestly fellee into. Let Inc premise that I approve of the Constitution comprised in the Cherter ; and I - think it is a very wise improvement upon the old and vague agitation for " Pailietnentary Reform," whi c h ended in the imperfect end inadequate measure, called the Reform Act, to go for a written and vet;-defined constitution, about which there can be neither mis take nor fraudulent mystification. And now, Sir, for the mode of rocking the Charter the law of the line. In a ccuntry where we crc all more or less prone te fellow ancient precedents, I would first endeavour to find a sanction fer the principles of the Charter " in the wisdom of cur ancestors;'' and here I find a pewee ful argument for the minds of Englisbnier, which has brew almost entirely overlooked by the advocates of the People's Chatter. It is a constitution a l principle, laid down by seine of cur most eminent writers and lawyers, that taxation and representation are co.eatensive. In fact, the theory of the British Constitution is this-- that no freema n can be taxed without lit consent, given throu g h lit representative in Parliament. Now, the revenue of the State was, in ancient timen raised from the land, and the land owner.) then exercised all the powers of legislation ; but during the last century and a-half the landowners have contrived to shift the burdens of the State to the shoulders of the whole community, by levying taxes, through the Excise and Customs, upon articles of con sumption, such as beer, sugar, tea, coffee, tobacco, &c., which taxes fall nith the greatest weight, in proportion to their ithiley to pay then, upon the labouring class. As every in,en is now taxed, and as it may be easily proved that the poorer the man is the larger is the share of his income paid towards the expenses of the State, it follows, that, according to the acknowledged principles of our Constitution, every man is entitled to a vote in the election of Members of Parliament. Looking, i say, to the peculiar character of the itaglish people, who are fond of precedent and established authority 1 for guiding them in the it public proceedings, I think this constitutional view of the Suffrage question is cal culated to have great weight in influencing their minds in favour of the Charter ; and it has seemed to me to be an unfortunate oversight in its advocates that they have net dwelt more strongly upon these arguments. Another mistake has, I think, been fallen into by the leading Chartists, in putting forward prominently their own views of what laws shall, or shall not, be passed by a Legislature elected by universal suffrage. No man ought to presume to say what will be ere de cisions of such a Legislature, because no individuai can possibly be able to di; tote the pidicy of the represent tives of the whet! reepl'. Unfortunately, the plans put forth by some of the Charist speakers have been ill judged cool impracticable. For iestance, cue man proposes to put down machinery, and his views are put forth as a part of the designs of Chartism. Bet how can any individual know that a Parliament, elected by • universal suffraee, would pass laws to discourage the ire prevement cr infeation of machinery ? In Ame rica and Seetzerland, two republics where every man has a vets, machinery is carried to gre iter perfection than in any other foreien countries, and the laws protect and eacourage machinery in those republican natioes. Other Chartist craters have fore told that the growth of large capitol-) in the hands of individuals will he ptevented under the Charter. This I do not in lieve ; and at Liast I maintain that no man can be empowere! to t.:1! what the people's representa tives aill do. The experience of the whole history of the world is agaimt any such proceedings. Every Go vernment protects individual property, great or srualh A large capitalist i; at safe in Russia as in England or America. I would not vote for the Chart-4- unless I conscientiously believed that capital wou!d be as sacred under a Governmert elected by universal suffrage as at present. kdo, otter ClArtitt croakers have ri..l located a new form of sovirty, fl;fFerent from anything tontlrs existed since Cie world was crei.teo. Others have put, forth peculiar doctrines retiree,' ing private property in land, or hase advocated the Charter for the lurprare of carrying out their own views respecting the currence. I think every rational - friend to universal se firer w :I, per. ceive that this reede of agitating for a Charter is not only impolitic but indefensible in prirriple. For an individual to unilerteke to lay down the law for the who:e pe o pl e i s a pres umptuous vl , urpation of .their riOlits, oral an invasion of that demecretie principle of government which he professes to advec.tte. From a careful observation of the Chartist neoteeneet, I am led to believe tint touch odium has 'Leen brought upon the good cause, by tl:c erroneous conduct to which I am alluding.. Men of property lave been frightened ; men of business Lye shrunk from these doetrieein timid people have been driven to regard with lasees ' ' our rapacious aristocracy, from an apprehension that the Chartists would be worse legislators than even ; Peel and the Duke of Buckingliain ; and the women, who exercise a vast influence in public matters,. have caught a tenfold prejudice. Their fears have pictured „- the Chartists as a band of desperate characters, bent upon nothing but the plunder and op. pressiun of the weak and defenceless. A very little reflection %retell convince the rnAdle and prcperty classes et the erroneousness and injustice of such opinions of their industrious fellovr-countrymen. - - Who are the men that claim the suffrage? They are our mechanics, shopmen, ploughmen, porters, labourers, &c., the men, in fact, to whom we entrust the care of our property in a thousand ways, and who fulfil their several duties hatter than any other people in the world.. And is it probable that to entrust them with a vets (or representatives in the Legislature would all at once con vert this orderly, industrious, and honest community into a band of spoliators and oppressors? A moment's reflection would, I say, convince the middle and wealthy classes that the effect of giving to the working class the right of suffrage would be to elevate them morally and mentally, and incrra to the self-respect which is the source or strength of nearly eve!y vataous quality. These would be the necessary convictions arising from a calm view of the matter ; but when their fears are excited by the rash and violent doctrines to • which I have alluded, their minds are rendered unfit for a calm. consideration ,f the subject._