The Sun. — London, England, 1841-04-14 00:00:00

EVENING EDITION DUELLING IN FRANCE. (From Dr. Millingen's History of Duelling.) France may be considered the classic ground o duelling, the field of single combat par excellence , whence, from the Duchy of Normandy, as we have al ready seen, it was introduced into the British isles. If we are indebted to our neighbours for this practice, it is also to t hem that we owe the various codes and re gulations drawn out to equalise, as far as possible, the chances of victory, and to prevent any unfair advan tages being obtained to the prejudice of the opposite party. Of these various documents, possibly the rules given by Brantome may oe considered the most curious. In the first instance, be says :—" On no account what ever let an infidel be brought out as a second or a witness : it is not proper that an unbeliever should witness the shedding of Christian blood, which would delight him ; and it is moreover abominable that such a wretch should be allowed such an honorable pastime. The combatants must be carefully examined and felt, to ascertain that they have no particular drugs, witchcraft, or charms about them. It is allowed to wear oo such occasions some relics of Our Lady of Loretto, and other holy objects ; yet is is not clearly decided what is to be done when both parties have not these relics, as no advantage should be allowed to one com batant more than to another. It is idle to dwell upon courtesies—the man who steps into the field must have made up his mind to conquer or die, but, above all things, never to surrender ; for the conqueror may treat the vanquished as he thinks proper—drag him round the ground, bang him, burn him, keep him a prisoner ; in short, do with him whatever he pleases. The Danes and Lombards in this imitated Achilles, who, after his combat with Hector, dragged him three times round the walls at the tail of his triumphant car. Every gallant knight must maintain the honour of ladies, whether they may have forfeited it or not ; if it can be said that a gentille dame can have forfeited her honour by kindaess to her servant and her lover. A soldier may tight his captain, provided he has been two years upon actual service, and he quits his company. If a father accuses a soa of any crime that may tend to dishonour him, the son may demand satisfaction of his father : since he has detne him more injury by dishonouring him, than he had bestowed advantage by giving him life." " Notwithstanding Brantome's authority, the right of a soldier to call out his Captain has been a questionable point ; and La Beraudierc, and Basnage, and Alciat, have discussed the point very minutely. The last au thor came to the conclusion that such a meeting could only be tolerated when both parties were off duty,— post funetionem secus. The same learned writer main tains that you can only refuse to fight a bastard ; and he therefore strongly recommends all noblemen to legi timaeze their sons, that they may be rendered worthy of the honour of knighthood and of duelling : and he further declares, that all challenges from a roturier, a mere citizen, or a man in business, must be considered as null and void. " There is a passage in Brantome which singularly applies to modern France, as regards the multiplicity of decorations of honour, and their various button-hole badges ; distinctions which, from the facility with which they are obtained, he does not consider as qualifying the wearer to fight a gentleman. If these people were attended to,' hesays,' onecould no longerfight a proper duel : such numbers of them pullulate in every direction, that we see nothing but knights of St. Mi chael and of the Saint Esprit ; to such an extent were these orders abused during our civil laws, to win over and retain followers being no longer the meed of valour or of merit.' To tear off a decoration, or even to touch it, was considered an unpardonable insult ; and we have seen in more modern times an example of the respect to which such attributes of distinction are en titled. In August 1833, Colonel Gallois, an officer in the service of Polaad, felt himself offended by an article in the Figaro, a paper conducted by Nestor Roqueplan ; and, having met him, tore off his riband of the Legion of Honour. The parties met in the wood of Meudon, when Roqueplan received three won't*, and Gallois one in the knee : the two seconds of Gallois at the same lime had thrown off their coats, and challenged the seconds of Roqueplan, who very wisely declined any participation in 1 he fight ; when one of Gallois's party insisted upon satisfaction from Mr. Leon Pillet, a friend of Roqueplan, with whom lie was on intimate terms, and, to urge his suit, requested that he might be allowed to take the badge of the Legion off his coat, to overcome his apparent repugnance ; adding, that he entertained too much friendship and esteem towards him to offend him in any other manner. There was no refusing so polite a request. " The colours of a lady, in a knot of ribands' worn by her admirer, and called an emprise, were equally sacred ; and, when a brave of those chivalric days was anxious for a combat, he exerted himself to find some daring desperado who would put his finger on the badge of love. In Ireland to this day, in many of its wild districts, a pugnacious ruffian will drag his jacket after him, and fight unto death any spalpeen who ventures to tonch it. " Choice of arms was a matter of great importance in these meetings, indeed of a vital nature ; since, if a weapon was broken in the hands of one of the parties, bib cm considered vanquished, and at the discretion of his cpnqueior—such an accident being looked upon as a dveision of Providence : a mis-fire at the present day is considered a shot, although on a less religious prin- cipla. Pistels were introduc:d in the reign of Henry 11. ; and,, being considered as affording a more equal chance to both combatants, this arm has been gene rally selected in modern duels, more especially in Eng land. On the Continent the small-sword and the sabre were more frequently resorted to ; and we shall shortly see the regulations regarding their employ ment, which in France form a regular code. Some of the ancient modes of fighting were most singu lar and whimsical. Brantome relates a story of two Corsicans who had fixed short sharp-pointed daggers in the front of their helmets, being covered with a suit of mail called a jacque' over their shirts, although the weather was remarkably cold ; such an arrangement having been proposed by the offended, Who had the right to select and name the mode of combat, and who was fearful of his antagonists' renown for his power and dexterity in wrestling. Both were armed with swords, and they fought for some time with such equality of skill that neither was wounded ; at length they rushed upon each other, and wrestling com menced. It was during this struggle that the daggers caine into play, each butting in his antagonist's face, and neck, and arms, until blood was streaming in every direction, and in such profusion that they were sepa rated . one of them only lived a month ; in consequence of which the survivor was well nigh dying of tristesse and ennui, as they had become friends, and expected that they both should have died—Notwithstanding this valorous disposition, it appears that the choice of arms and appointments was frequently made a subter fuge to gain time, or cause much trouble and expense ; and Brantome relates that, in the fatal duel between Jarnac and Chastereraye, the former prcposed no less than thirty different weapons to be used on horseback and on foot, and bad also specified various horses, Spanish, Turkish, Barbes, with different kinds of saddles ; in consequence of which our chronicler adds, that if his uncle had not been a man of some independ ebce, and moreover assisted by his royal master, he could not have maintained the challenge; and he very truly observed, when receiving it, " This man wants to fight both my valour and my purse." This privilege of the offended to choose their arms and regulate the na ture of the combat, however capriciously, afforded con siderable advantages ; since the art of fencing taught m an y secret tricks, the knowledge of which gave great reputaticn to professors. So secret, indeed, were these instructions, that not only was the pupil solemnly sworn never to reveal the mysterious practice, but in structions were given in private, after having examined e v e ry part of the room, the furniture, and the very walls, to ascertain that no third person could have been concealed to witness the deadly lesson. To this day in France such cuts and thrusts are called coups de roitre, and by the lower classes coups de matins. is A curious case is recorded of a knight, w h o , having been taught invariably to strike of the region o f , the heart, insisted upon fighting in a suit armour, with an opening in each cuirass of the breadth of the hand over the heart ; the result, of course, was immediately fatal to his antagonist. " The ' cunning' of arrnnurers was also frequently .. mewled to to obtain unfair advantages. A skilful workman in Milan had carried his mode of tempering steel to such a point of perfection, that the solidity of the sword and dagger depended entirely on the manner in which they were handled : in the hands of the inex perienced the weapons flew into shivers ; whereas, in the grasp of a skilful combatant, they were as rusty as the most approved Toledan blade. Nor were these va liant knights very particular as to odds. It is related of two French gentlemen, La Villatte and the Baron. de Salligny, who fought a duel with two Gascons of the names of Malecolom and Esparezat, that Malecolom having speedily killed his antagonist Salligny, and per ceiving that his companion E s p areza t was a l ong t i me despatching Villatte, went to his assistance. When Villatte, thus unfairly pressed by two antagonists, re monstrated against the treachery, Malecolom very coolly replied, I have killed my adversary ; and if you kill yours, there may be a chance that you may also kill me ; therefore, here gees !' " More punctilious, however, were some of these persons in points of honour. We read in Branteme of two Piedrnontese officers, intimate friends, who, having gone out to fight, one of the parties received a wound that was supposed to be mortal, when his opponent, stead of despatching him, assisted bins off the ground, to conduct him to a surgeon. !' exclaimed the wounded man, do not be generous by halves !—let it not be said that I fell without inflicting a wound : so, pray wear your arm in a scarf, and say that I hit you ere I succumbed,' His friend generously acceded to the proposal ; and, having smeared a bandage in his blood, ho wrapped it round his arm, publishing abroad that he had been wounded ere his brave companion re ceived his mortal thrust. The wound, however, not Droving fatal, an everlasting friendship, cemented by latitude, ever after prevailed between them." .DUELS BETWEEN FRENCH WOMEN. That women, who can mostly get silly people to fight for them, should not fight themselves is natural, but there are instances on record in which ladies have shown their determination to avenge their own wrongs. Ma dame de Villechen mentions a duel fought with swords by Henriette Sylvie of Moliere with another wo man, both in male attire. In the letters of Madame Dunoyer, a case is mentioned of a lady of Beaucaire and a young lady of rank, who fought with swords in their garden, and would ha% e killed each other bad they not been separated ; this meeting had been preceded by a regular challenge. De la Colombiere mentions a duel that took place on the Boulevard St. Antoine, between two ladies of doubtful virtue, in which they inflicted on each other's face and bosom several wounds, two points at which female jealousy would naturally aim. St. Foix relates the tale of Ma demoiselle Durieux, who in the open street fought her lover of the name of Antinotti. But the most cele brated female duellist was the actress Maupin, one of the performers at the Opera. Serane, the famous fencing-master, was one of her lovers, and from him she received many valuable lessons. Being insulted one day by an actor of the name of Dumeny, she called him out; but as he refused to give her sa tisfaction, she carried away his watch and his snuff box as the trophies of her victory. Another performer having presumed to offend her, on his declin ing a meeting was obliged to kneel down before her and implore her forgiveness. One evening at a ball, having behaved in a very rude manner to a lady, she was re quested to leave the room, which she did on the condi tion that those gentlemen who had warmly espoused the offended lady's cause should accompany her. To this proposal they agreed ; when, after a hard combat, she killed them all, and quietly returned to the ball-room. Louis XIV. granted her a pardon, and she withdrew to Brussels, where she became the mistress of the Elector of Bavaria. However, she soon afterwards returned to the Parisian opera, and died in 1707, at the age of thirty-seven. Under the regency a pistol meeting took place be tween the Marquise de Nesle and the Countess Polig nac for the possession of the Duc de Richelieu ; and in more modern times, so late, indeed, as 1827, a Madame B- at St. Rambert, received a challenge to fight with pistols ; and about the same period a lady of Chateauroux, whose husband had received a slap in the face without resenting the insult, called out the offender, and fighting him with swords severely wounded him. " In 1828 a duel took place between a young girl and a garde dit corps. She had been betrayed by the gallant soldier, and insisted upon satisfaction, selecting her own weapons by the right of an offended party. Two shots were exchanged, but without any result, as the seconds very wisely had not loaded with ball. The young lady, however, ignorant of this precaution, fired first, and received the fire of her adversary with the utmost coolness, when, to try her courage, after taking a long and deliberate aim, he fired in the air, and thus terminated the meeting, which no doubt led to many others of a less hostile nature. In the same month, as a striking instance of the contagion of this practice, a duel was fought near Stras bourg between a French woman and a German lady, both of Whom were in love with a painter. The parties met on the ground armed with pistols, with seconds of their own sex. The German damsel wanted to fire across a pocket-handkerchief, but the French lady and her seconds insisted upon a distance of 25 paces. They both fired without effect, when the exasperated Gerreau insisted that they should carry on the contest until one of the parties fell. This determination, however, was controlled by the seconds, who put a stop to further proceedings, but were unable to bring about a recon ciliation.—History of Duelling. CAPTAIN ELLIOT. In the Indian Papers, the circumstances of the two ships under American colours being allowed by Captain Elliot to withdraw from Canton river, laden with tea, after having remained there some months, when it was declared to be in a state of blockade, is warmly discussed. The British merchants at Macao ad dressed a letter to the Calcutta Chamber of Com merce, in which they express their conviction that . . the case of the American vessels is not such a one as shows a single circumstance in their favour accord ing to which a relaxation of the law of blockade might be justified. It is said, they both entered the port with a knowledge that a blockade was intended, and in undoubted violation of it ; that even admit- ting the entry to have been excusable, they might have retired with their original cargoes, or in ballast, or have remained within till the blockade was raised, and that it can be fully proved that the teas forming the cargoes in question were not in Canton till sonic months had elapsed since the establishment of the blockade, and, indeed, were only purchased a few days before the departure of the vessels. A circum stance that is considered aggravating in this case is, that the intention of relaxing the law in favour of these American ships was concealed for many weeks from everybody but those immediately interested in these vessels by the Superintendent of Trade, who admitted the Vice-Consul of the United St rtes to a private visit, to make known to him the intended sus pension of the law in favour of the Americans, and also, besides soliciting such suspension by the naval commander, guaranteed him againa all consequences with the British Government. The merchants conclude, after announcing their intention of petitioning the House of Commons, by soliciting the co-operation of the Calcutta Chamber of Commerce in preventing a recurrence of similar proceedings, to the injury of British interests. The Chamber of Commerce, it seems, on considering this letter, have condemned the indulgence shown by Captain Elliott to the Ame rican vessels, but refuse to interfere on the ground that the subject being pnrely Chinese, does not fall within their province. So far the view of the ques tion is entirely on the side of the British merchants, but the Indian journals that oppose these merchants are also opposed to the policy adopted by Captain Elliot, contending that the blockade has been in efficient, and as such injurious to British' interests. With respect to the merchants, they say, that, notwith standing the disaffection they now show at the depar ture of the American vessels, they themselves carried on considerable traffic from Macao with the blockaded city of Canton. These journals seem willing to admit that the Ame rican ships having been once allowed to enter the port were rightly permitted to retire, but they regard the inconvenience arising from this case as a mere consequence of the half measures which have ren dered the blockade inefficient. The blockade being such as it is, the whole affair of the American ships follows, they say, as a matter of course ; and at for such an unsatisfactory policy, they regard it as threatening destruction to the prosperity of British commerce, as opening a source of disputes be tweea the British merchants in China, and as cal culated to lower the importance of the English in the e 3 es of the Chinese. Thus it is worthy of remark that on the one hand the merchants are dissatisfied with Captain Elliot for allowing the vessels to break through the blockade, on the other hand - the papers who oppose the merchants are against Captain Ediot's policy in general ; so that in fact the only point in discussion is whether he has been wrong i❑ a particular instance, or whether, in fact, he has not been wrong altogether.—Times. ROCKET PRACTICE IN CHINA. The report just received of the attack on the Chinese forts and shipping mentions the projection of Congreve rockets, as a part of our means of offence which was called into operation. These auxiliaries to our artillery were supplied, no doubt, from the stores of the East India Company, who keep a large stock at all times in India. Among the many causes for edification and astonishment which the " Emperor of the Sun and Moon," with his \strange people, will have had, as the consequences of this collision with our forces, will be the circum stance of the superiority of our fireworks. It is a fact, we believe, that the Chinese are the real inventors of the rocket as an artificial firework, and even as an instrument of war ; its capability, however, for this second object, in their hands, being confined—so trifling is its projectile force—to a simple means of annoyance, instead of destruction, for confusing the ranks of cavalry. It is to the late Sir \I illiam Congreve, after many years of practical experiment, that this weapon owes its present character for de structiveness and precision of flight. To him be longed the merit of manufacturing rockets of almost unlimited weights ; of bringing up the range, for instance, of the 3:2-pounder to 3,000 yards, and of gradually increasing the power of even the 12- pounder to the penetration , at 1,200 yards distance, of a solid bank of earth to the depth of 20 feet. We must add, also, as the inventions of the late Sir W. Congreve, the substitution of strong iron for paper cases, and the fixing of the st i c k b y a screw in the axis o f ttobegirsoeckiett,thine .straightness of repeat, must have be-: by binding of the ar on arrow. w t . e h side, Great, so we as Celestial nation at such a visitation of their native and familiar plaything, with its appalling roar, and, to them, new and gigantic dimensions and powers of n de struction. In the case of the Congreve rocket, it was theught at one period just to give the in ventor a pension of 1,200/. per annum, which he enjoyed for very many years, and now to continue to the widow 3001. of that pension. Yet it is notorious in the Ordnance department et Woolwich, that the com monest care has never been observed to preserve a secret thus handsomely paid for, which would have been a much easier task than in many other cases, as a mere specification in writing will not adequately teach the art without the aid of practised workmen, and many of these have been turned adrift as rea dily as common labourers. There are two individuals, who from the first, as Directors and Masters of the only War Rocket Works in England, must be the deposita ries of all the essential particulars for the manufacture of these articles. The deposit of such particulars, with drawings of the machinery and tools, in custody of the Master-General and Board of Ordnance, would seem to be a measure of prudence that could hardly be over looked. THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 14. 1841 THE REPUBLIC OF TEXAS. THE INDEPENDENT AND WEST MIDDLESEX ASSURANCE COMPANY. The following account of this villanous scheme was handed to Sir Peter Laurie by a gentleman in whose veracity that active Magistrate has the most perfect reli ance. It is to be laid before the Committee appointed by the House of Commons to inquire into the stability of In surance Offices, and the writer is to give evidence on the subject : " The Independent West Middlesex Assurance Com pany consisted of the following persons :—William Hole, secretary and manager, declared a bankrupt on the 30th April, 1827 ; Knowles, appointed assignee, paid no divi dend; George Williams, solicitor and manager, bankrupt Dec. 25th, 1832, paid no dividend. " James Devereux Hustler, physician and manager, was in the King's Bench Prison in January, 1835, in utter des titution ; took the benefit of the Insolvent Act. " Thomas Knowles, manager, bankrupt, 27th May, 1825; paid no dividend. " George Edward Williams, jun., auditor, and, from Oct. 1839, secretary " William Whittaker, manager, brother to Mrs. Hole. " John Wilson, manager, the porter to the Company. " The business being started, and the money freely paid into the office, large sums were paid by Hole on be half of Williams, who at this time had various habitations and several executions in the house he particularly resided in—this being at the time Hole banked in the Bank of England —the cheques of which may be seen. It was now agreed by the four first-named persons, who consti tuted the Company, to appropriate a certain number of shares to each, for what they were pleased to call their vested rights. This being done, each and all drew money on account of the same, and thus arose their houses and carriages and other things. About this time a singular document was framed by the lawyer or secretary, namely, that so many shares should be settled on the wives of the four first -named persons, by way of annuity, to pro duco 150/. yearly to each. Hole, as things proceeded, assumed to himself more command than was agreeable to Williams, who, having become more closely connected with Knowles, on account of an expected matri monial alliance between their children, took occasion to accuse Hole of contemplating embezzlement of the money of the concern. This led to mutual recrimination, and was finally arranged by a proposal on the part of Williams, Knowles, and Hustler, that Hole should retire from the Company, and receive for his shares, situation, lease of house (which appears to have been his), and other interests, the sum of 20,0001., with an annuity of 6001. a year. This proposal being accepted by Hole, he retired at Michaelmas, 1839, receiving the greater part of the 2),000L, together with a splendid silver cup and cover, as a testimooial of his valuable services. From this period the affairs were in the hands of Williams, Knowles, and Hustler; Williams, jun., acting as secretary, under the control of the other three persons. " Within a month or two from this time Williams set up a carriage and pair of grey horses, Knowles the same, young Williams his cab and footman, or groom, Knowles's son, who also had a situation in the office, bis cab and groom, Hustler, his horse, and, I believe, carriage. This lasted until August, 1840, when the first exposure appeared in a publication in London, and alarmed the managers, who imme diately called upon Hole to resume his situation. Hole refused to return unless they would consent to give him a statement of the money received and paid since his retire ment. They refused to give such a statement, but said that the amount received was from 38,0001. to 40,0001., and that it had been all expended, and when Hole asked Williams to let him see the books the reply was, " I'd see you d—d first." Hole in consequence of this refusal would not interfere, and as it now appeared plain enough that an exposure would take place, Williams and his son reported that they bad retired from the company at Mi chaelmas last, thus leaving the concern in the hands of Knowles and Hustler. SIR CHARLES BELL ON MEDICAL REFORM. (From the Medical Gazette.) In times of civil contention, said the ancients, it be hoves every citizen to take his side, and not affect a neutrality dangerous to the State ; and now that our medical republic is so sorely distracted by fears and jealousies, we hail with pleasure each document which gives the deliberate opinion of some man of note. Sir C. Bell, whose pamplet is now lying before us, comments on the two bills which have attempted to ap ply a salve to our professional grievances ; and, like all other persons, he condemns them. When we do agree, as Sheridan says of stage concord, our unanimity is wonderful ; and the Bills for improving the medical profession have reconciled the most violent antagonists, and, like some great public calamity have made all other misfortunes appear trifling by comparison. Sir C. Bell, however, though utterly rejecting the little medical parliaments, and all the other queer' de vices proposed to make us happy, is by no means per fectly satisfied with things as they arc. He is . a Re former, but then it is after his own fashion ; he does not come into the field with any well-know uniform on his back, but fights like a partisan, in plain clothes, and does not draw up with the regular troops. The consequence of this is, that he cuts right and left without mu3h mercy ; old corporations and new Reformers share his censure, and his motto seems to be— "As a proof that the money at this time was nearly exhausted, Hole, after many importunities on the part of Knowles, was induced to put his name to two bills for 5001. each, which on coming due were dishonoured, and Hole was arrested on the ground of his determination to quit the country. This, I believe, by dint of hard swear ing was got over. At this time the office closed, and Knowles decamped. Hole having been one of the secu rities for the payment of the government dudes, his goods were seized and sold, and, I believe, the rest of the pro perty was attached. " In the Post-office Directory for 1841, page 1412, you will find among the managers J. D. Hustler, Esq., George Williams, Esq., Thomas Knowles, Esq., and the Secretary, George E. Williams. Add to which, the notices for premiums, due at Chiiitmas last, ar© signed G. E. Williams, Secretary. " From the foregoing there can be but little doubt that the object in ridding themselves of Hole on the part of Williams, Knowles, and Hustler, was to get the funds into their bands for their own disposal. It only now re mains to be stated, that Williams bought houses in Park street, Camden-town, also a property at Norwood called -- Cottage, with several acres of land attached, and upon which large sums of money have been expended. That Knowles and Hustler must have secured their share no one who has heard of the company will question ; but Hole and Williams appear the only persons in the firm of the Independent and West Middlesex Life and Fire Assurance Company who have purchased property." BANKS OF FRANCE AND ENGLAND. The quarterly periodical returns of the Bank of France, just published, afford a' striking illustration of the superior advantages and safety which that establishment confers upon the trading and commer cial interests when contrasted with the Bank of England. We have frequently adduced the system of management pursued by the Bank of France as a proof of the benefits which would be enjoyed by the people of this country, if the Bank of England were so assimilated to it as to be placed under Government coatrol, thereby insuring to the public perfect publicity, and a consequent steadiness of prices by a more uniform and prudent course of management. Taking► a few of the average results of the Bank of France during the last quarter, we find, Francs. The average amount of bullion on hand was 230,182,500 The average amount of Bank Notes in circu lation Difference 3,045,000 So that the bullion on hand was within 120,000/. of the notes in circulation. We do not argue that such a perfect state of " convertibility" could be supported by the Bank of England, but, if the Di rectors were compelled to furnish actual bona fide quarterly returns of the real state of their affairs, it is plain enough that they would be more prudent than hitherto, and that the mercantile interests would be exempted from these " ups and downs" in the value of money, which, in past times, have exposed them to such frequent vicissitudes. The average returns of the Bank of England, pub lished in the Gazelle, appears to have been framed with the greatest mystery that the ingenuity of the accountant's department could produce to conceal from the public a knowledge of the real position of the affairs of the establishment. The returns of the Bank of France, on the contrary, arc made clear and intelligible to every one. The amount of bills dis counted is given ; the securities held are separated and classed, and stated so as to be understood. In the case of the Bank of England, again, the returns are purposely prepared so as to make it impossible for them to be understood All that can be gathered from them is the general result of an increase or decrease of liabili ties, of the circulation, and securities in proportion to the bullion. Thus far the public may go—but no further. We entertain a confident expectation that the Committee on banks of issue will apply themselves to a redress of this grievance, by com pelling the Bank to make periodical intelligible ex hibitions of its actual position, framed upon true commercial principles, as a balance sheet, so that the merchants of London may know what bullion is really in the coffers of the Bank, with the same precision that they can tell the time on the clock. But perfect publicity is not the only reform which the public will look for in regard to tho currency on the expiry of the Bank Charter. The Bank of France must be adopted as a model to a much greater extent. The question cannot be slurred over nor blinked. There must he a full and searching inquiry, and a free, unfettered Parliamentary discussion. We have, however, inculcated this doctrine so fully and frequently on former occasions, that we forbear from dwelling upon it at present. We shall only repeat apart of what we said on the 18th of January last, that" the affairs of the Bank of France show the working of a national bank, conducted under the immediate superintendenceand control of officers chosen by the Crown, subjected to periodical publicity, in contrast with the Bank of England, managed without any such right of inter ference by the Crown, and affording no account to the public of its actual position. Difference of opinion in and out of Parliament will, no doubt, he entertained as to the extent to which the prin ciple of Crown interference ought to be carried in renewing the charter of the Bank of England, but we are confident it will not long be anything more than a difference of degree. The expediency of having the tbv n hay a et Crown,nt i oh on e a sl et e e d n u i nw r , g r t e cne believe will y sn s oo u fu b ra j e l c c subjected to the contr o l o f Parlia ment thr oug h t h e supervision of officers appointed by p l o l an rfi s t v e s n n. : b e e sin generall h y ee en a ut d r m oa ci i ,y t s t e e o l r t -f this opimon.--Moriling Chronicle. Tros Tyriusve fuat, nullo discrimine agetur. Sir Charles warns the members to whom his pamphlet is addressed against the bias arising from local prejudices, and so far he does well ; but when he begs to reflect that in London they arc " exposed to the influence of men who form their judgment on very limited expe rienee," and " who have not hitherto taken an enlarged view of this matter," we think that, in phrenological language, his organ of caution is too strongly deve loped. Far from London being under the influence of local prejudices, it seems rather to approach the unde fined line where impartiality borders on indifference ; so that metropolitln sluggishness occasionally forms a curious contrast with provincial vivacity. In fact, London, instead of being the heart of the empire, as it is often called, has sometimes seemed to us more analogous to the brain—the source of sci. sat ion to every other part, but itself almost destitute of feeling. Did we find, for instance, that Mr. Warburton's Bill, that bundle of whims and oddities, was discussed in the capital with heat and agitation, as a thing likely to annoy the profession extremely ? or, was it talked ot, like the fortifications of Paris, as a strange freak that nobody need mind? Does Mr: Hawes's Bill, again, fill us all with perplexity and terror ? We can assure Sir Charles that every one waits for its extinction with the most philosophic composure, and that scarcely an epi gram will be written on the occasion. Sir Charles tells the story of Walter Scott find ing Mungo Park throwing stones into the pools of the Yarrow, that be might learn to judge of the depth of the rivers in Africa by the time the bubbles took to rise from the bottom. Park was at this time a country surgeon, with a practice.of 1501. a year, and "rather than sutler the privations of his condition, he was con templating a perilous aelventure." Mungo Park's ta lents clearly did not lie in the country practice line ; " to sit by the side of a groaning woman till dawn," as Sir Charles phrases it, was not his forte, and he did well to give up the Yarrow for the Niger. This anec dote scarcely proves, as it is intended to do, that the income of country surgeons is so small that the Legis lature must, at all events, refrain from increasing the expense of their education. The case is clearly an ex ception ; and we have no doubt that Mungo Park's successors have made larger incomes on the same ground ! but 71072 omnia possumus omnes ; and the man who was destined to immortality as a traveller, was unable to grow popular amongst the farmers' wives on the Yarrow. The Legislature, complains Sir Charles, when they wanted to pass a Medical Act, sent the in quiry to a Committee, " and then there is a farce of taking evidence and receiving the statements of corporate bodies, all tainted with the imperfections of a rude age." But surely the Professor would not have rejected all evidence save that of the malcontents ; and after the Committee had heard the statements of frail contented creatures, they must have hastened with a higher zest to evidence untainted by imperfection ; for none was ex cluded—good was allowed admission as well as bad. Perhaps the following sentence contains a nearer ap proach to the marrow of. the question :—.‘ The radical defect being the attempt to legislate for a profession, to reconcile the interests of medical men, instead of looking steadily to the interests of society." In rude ages, or even now in some continental coun tries, it may be advisable for the supreme power in the State to meddle with the details of ordinary life. Catharine of Russia issued regulations for the conduct of evening parties ; but though it might be easy to prove to the satisfaction of a Committee that for want of an ukase, ices melt, and lemonade grows lukewarm, no one has yet advised us to copy the Muscovite model. In Malta, again, our Government has fixed a tariff for medical and surgical advice, and while venesection is recompensed by six taxis, or lOid., the reduction of hernia claims six times as much. In this country, however, we leave the settling of the tariff to doctor and patient, with probably less dissatisfaction in the main, than on the straightlaced system intended to prevent all disputes. Some few and obvious improvements might be safe!y attainpted. First, sweep away the minor examinini bodies. Secondly, let each remaining Board qualify the successful candidate for practice throughout the Bri tish empire. Thirdly, on all occasions where the State comes in contact with our profession, let a more liberal scale of remuneration be adopted : it is degrading to the profession, and therefore irjurious to the public, that the services of an assistant surgeon in the army, or of the medical officer of a Union, should be rated at less than those of a tolerable clerk in a house of business. These are points with which the State may advantage ously interfere. But we would warn legislators and re• formers that the customs of a nation cannot be sud denly changed by Act of Parliament. A very delicate point touched upon by Sir Charles is the inciifference of the College of Surgeons to the moral influence of the profession. lie complains of their re ceiving certificates from anatomists of irregular habits, and observes that durin g his thirty years' experience of teaching in London, hundreds of young men entered the profession with the worst examples before them. But what would have been said of the College, had it at tempted an inquisition into the morals of lecturers, or refused a ce r tifi cate f rom a teac h er , b e caus e , t h oug h a good anatomi s t, h e was a f ree li ver ? One more p o i nt, and we must have done — at least for the pr esent . Si r C har l es Lill complains of th e small rewards bestowed on the exertions of practitioners of physic, compared with those lavished on other learned professions. So far he is right : no medical practitioner occupies in English society the station of a Bishop or a Judge. But when he goes on to . say that there is no worthy tribunal to judge the merits of our profession, and that all success depends upon igno- rant rumour, or the /.rejudiee of fashion, we are corn pded to (MKT from him. Indeed, we may quote his own example against his own theory. In any scientific association, from the Neva to the Tagus, when the nerves become the subject of discussion, the name of Bell is quoted as an authority. Is not this fame ? ,OAIAIITTAL FOR \VILFUL MURDER.—TIic Francesla Bostock, whose throat a s t t, h at a beer-house in Liver. fdoiuelddeedt Infirmaryc ,rndanf the cnitLAcloonfd\aly,.. sc ii - i L fa c t u e t i orr thuengBtl7onif aMna'reh it had lived since the Thepl - r pool-road, ad , perpetrator Blanchester, of t h e d Hampson, with wllhoams aptphreehdeenced-te death of his wife, will be recollected, - soon after he committed the act ' , and was k • • until the fate of the young woman was kno n ' ' Harripsonisby Insolvent Debtors' Court. pt in custody Numerous robberies have been committed in the For some time past hats have _ his living by disappeared in the twinkling of an eye, whilst the owners trade a millwright, but latterly had partly selling green-groceries in the public markeehtg:dtrHe three years of age, and has five young eis thi rty _ have had their elbows at the side of them. It, is canto_ them by his deceased wife, and the other by then' Frances Rostock, who was about twenty-one years of fou r o f mar) , for persons to place their hats on the reporters' box, deceased or on the table provided for attorneys, and whilst they age. Hampson's wife, we understand, died of have listened to an examination or asked a question, the but hats have been mixed, and in their stead one left not by whom administered it could nut be ascertained, , the e Y j o u ung been committed. Mr. Hutton, On worth piekliirr up. There is a set of skulking fellows Thursday last an inquest was held at the infirmary, before , about the Court, and many depredations have recently Mr. Chapman, over the body of the murdered news-agent in Catheiiee_ woman, when the evidence having been heard, s, Wilfulry, ts.treet, lost a good hat in the manner described a short after a short consultation, returned a verdict of back ; and a gentleman last week was similarly mur.'cr against William Hampson," and the prisoner was robbed, committed, on the ccroncr's warrant, for trial at the Live:_ t o ho b s ed. , e who visit the place cannot be put too much on Other robberies have been committed, and poo lA6sizes, ‘ their guard. Texas is larger than France ; its soil is said to be unsurpassed by any in the world, and its climate admir ably adapted to the European constitution. It is ca pable of producing more cotton than all the United States, of a better quality, and at a cheaper rate. Sugar can also be cultivated to great advantage ; and all the grains, and fruits, and vegetabl es of Europe can be raised in great abundance. It is the only country in America where cotton and sugar can be extensively cultivated by white labour. Hides, tallow, beef, furs, peltries, live oak and cedar timber, can also be exported to almost any extent. The inhabitants are intelligent, bold, hardy, enterprising, and industrious, of the Anglo- American race. They have formed a government mo delled after that of the United States, except that it is a single sovereignty of similar interests, instead of a federative system of different interests, which gives it prospects of greater permanency, efficiency, and simplicity, and renders it more acceptable to European tastes and notions. By the constitution they have de clared the African slave-trade piracy ; they have este- Wished religious toleration, and made all equal before the law. They have adopted the common law of Eng land ; and the laws are promptly and impartially ad ministered. Religious and literary institutions are springing up in all directions, and are liberally endowed by the Government. Emigration is pouring into the country, with unprecedented rapidity. Society is im proving ; and the English language, literature, and civilization is spreading, with railroad rapidity, over scenes which were, five short years ago, a wilderness. The people of Texas have wisely established a very cheap government ; the debt of the republic amounts only to about 600,000/., and she has an unappropriated public domain of 150,000,000 acres, intrinsically as valuable as any land in the world ; this source, with the most reduced scale of taxes, will support the government for a century.—Colonial Magazine. THE EARL OF CARDIGAN. A correspondent who subscribes himself " An Old Soldier," has sent the following account of a most revolt ing scene to a Morning Contemporary. This is indeed mingling blood with sacrifice." The letter is dated Tuesday, April 13. " A private of the 11th Hussars was drunk on leaving the barracks at Brighton, and was subsequently tried by a district Court-martial, and sentenced to corporal punish ment. His trial took place on Thursday, and the appro val of the Court-martial was received, at Hounslow, on the Sunday morning. " On Sunday, the 11th Hussars were marched into the riding school for divine service. Prayers were read, and a sermon was preached. " On the conclusion of divine service, the trumpet-major was ordered to make things ready for corporal punishment. And in this riding-school, and on a Sunday, where not an hour before the whole regiment were engaged in prayer, private Rogers, of the 11th Hussars, was tied up and flogged, receiving one hundred lashes. ‘• I trust, for the credit of the service and the country, the matter will be brought before Parliament, and a full inquiry instituted. The general public, lam sure, will agree with me, without entering into the question of flogging, or whether private Rogers deserved it or not, that on no account could the commanding officer of the 11th Hussars be justified in carrying the punishment into effect on a Sunday, and in the place appointed that day for divine worship." SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS (FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY.) ( From the Morning Chronicle.) The Earl of Cardigan cannot allow the public to forget him fur an instant. lie is one of those unfortunate in dividuals who are unable to take a single step without coming in collision with others; who cannot act without violating some feeling, or running counter to some observ ance held in regard by the country. In another column will be found a letter from a correspondent, which may be implicitly relied on, giving an account of an occurrence at Hounslow barracks, in which Lord Cardigan seems to have outdone himself. The Sabbath in this country is held to be so far sanctified, that works of necessity and mercy are atone allowable on that day. On Sunday last the 11th Hussars were marched into the Riding School for divine service. Prayers were read and a sermon was preached. On the conclusion of divine service the trumpet-major was or dered to make things ready for corporal punishment ; and in this Riding School, and on a Sunday, where not an hour before the whole regiment were engaged in prayer, Private Rogers, of the 11th Hussars, was tied up and flogged, receiving one hundred lashes. His Lordship had not the decency to dismiss the men to their quarters and to reassemble them to witness the punishment ; but, as if the flogging was a continuation of the divine service, kept them in the place till it had taken place. What would be said if the Sabbath were to be de secrated by an execution on that day ? There may be occasions on actual service when to delay for a day might be injurious; but the punishment on Sunday last had no justification—it was a violent outrage offered to the reli gion of the country. To add to the indecency, there were 140 men of the 14th Regiment present in the barracks along with the 11th when the flogging took place. Sir Henry Hardinge made it a matter of complaint against General Evans that he fought a battle in Spain on a Sun day. It may happen that the reason for fighting on a Sunday is that the advantage anticipated may be lost by a day's delay. But flogging on a Sunday was a gratuitous act of inde cency— a desecration of a day set apart for religious ob servances and feelings in accordance with religion. What a finale to the prayers must not the groans of the poor wre'ch have been I Lord Cardigan should have been a Pagan, and not a Christian. He would have been the very man to stick a knife into the victim beside the altar. Surely these things will not be suffered, like so many others, to be overlooked. The man who could perpetrate such an indecency is utterly unfit to be entrusted with the command of a regiment of her Majesty 's army. (From the Times.) Never was there a proposition laid upon the table of Parliament more clearly expressive of the meanest party objects, than is the " Right of Voting Bill," now before the House of Commons. Let us briefly review its several provisions. The first clause provides that joint-lessees or occupiers shall each hold or occupy for his own share the sante amount which would be required for a single lessee or occupier. The fourth requires that buildings occupied jointly with land must be of the clear yearly value of 5/. separately from the land, in order to confer a vote for a borough. The fifth declares that the limit of seven miles for non-resident freemen shall be computed by the near es public road. Now, with these three clauses we find little fault. They tend to settle three of the smaller points on which differences of opinion still exist. They settle each, it is true, to the advantage of " the Whig interest," a nd, if we are to judge from the.rest of the Bill, we should feel entitled to say that this is the ob vious motive for their construction. Still, however, if this mere party bias were all, we would offer no corn plaint. The remainder of the Bill, however, is of a totally different character. It is wholly an infringement of the settlement of 1832. it is, like Lord Morpeth's Irish Bill, not an explanation of the existing " right of voting," but the creation of an entirely new right. If such nib bling attempts are tolerated, there is no security that the whole Reform Bill may not be frittered away in less than another eight years. The second clause repeals the most distinct, and therefore the most valuable proviso in the Reform Bill—that which enacts that a borough voter shall not be registered except he shall have paid on the 20th of July all Poor-rates and Assessed Taxes which shall have been due from him on the 6th of April preceding. This enactment had the excellence of being plain and intelligible ; and no part of the Reform Bill has given rise to less litigation. But let our readers observe the delectable piece of equivocal jargon which it is pro posed to substitute in its room. The second clause having repealed the rate-paying proviso of the Reform Bill, the third clause runs thus :—" That in lieu th-reof, the pro viso be, that no person shall be registered as a borough elector unless ho shall have paid within the proper and legal period all the poor-rates which shall have become payable from him, in respect of the premises for which he is registered, during the year ending six calendar months before the last day allowed by law for paying arrears of rates." ! I And this mass of unintelligible vagueness is offered to us as an improvement on the Reform Bill ! (From the Morning Post.) In the United Kingdom and the British islands there are seventy-seven millions and nearly a half of another million of acres of land. Of these, forty-six millions and a half are not only cultivable, but under cultivation, so that we have about two acres capable of growing food for every inhabitant who is to be fed. If this be not enough (under proper management), our people must have more enormous appetites than even those who most satirize John Bull's eating propensities have yet given us credit for. Besides the forty-six millions and a half of acres under cultivation, thew are fifteen millions more which are supposed to be capable of cultivation, and nearly sixteen millions which in the present state of agricultural know ledge and experience are held to be inevitably barren, so far as the production of food for man is concerned. But surely the fifteen millions which may be cultivated form a telerably good reserve in case of need, and there is still a greater resource in the improved cultivation which might, under new arrangements, be resorted to. So long as we measure labour by the value for which its produce can be exchanged, it will not be considered profitable to obtain the highest amount of produce from the land which the land is capable of yielding; but if we consider land as the source of food for the people, and regard the quantity of food which the people might raise out of it were it parcelled out among them as gardens for each family's support, it is not going beyond what experience will confirm, to say that five times the present produce might be raised from the cultivable portion of our soil. (From the Morning Herald.) Everything was looked for, by the friends of Greece, at the hands of King Otho, which could reflect honour on himself, and confer the blessings of limited monarchy, faith fully administered, on a grateful people. Even the youth of King Otho----though it made many doubtful of the wis dom with which the mighty duties of his responsible sta tion would be discharged seemed to offer some security for the faithfulness and ardour with which his efforts would be directed to the fulfil ment of bis august functions. In a Court from which it was assumed, as matter of course, that the jealous and vindictive policy and secret crimes of the Otto man Emperors would be for ever banished, security of life and limb, as well as of property, was looked for ward to as a right for which it was scarcely requisite that the State of Greece should specifically stipulate. In a regenerate land still echoing through all its classic valleys, and from the summits of its glorious mountains, with the antique hymns of liberty—it was never imagined but that slavery was thenceforward an extinct chimera ; that it would be remembered by the children of young Greece only as a storied phantasm—an impossible horror—a bar. barous tradition of shame and blood, such as are the legends that still prevail among the neighbouring Mor lacchians and other denizens of the finest regions of Dal. matia. These hopes have long been blighted. By the communication we publish this day from our correspon dent at Athens, it should seem they are now irretriev ably blasted 1 We have, from time to time, performed the painful task of proclaiming many acts of culpable folly, and of unconstitutional violence, on the part of King Otho. But we confess that we were not pre pared for the charge of such extreme moral delin quency as must be considered to attach ever, to the Sove reign, who but passes over, in his own creatures, unpu nished, the atrocious practices of torture, poisoning and slave.trading. But if these be earned on, with the pri vity and permission of Otho and his Carnarilla cabal, in the way described by our Athens correspondent, we have no hesitation in saying that the dignity, the power,the cha racter of Great Britain are concerned in demanding in stant explanations of this Prince—proofs of a vigorous effort on his part to detect and bring to justice the indi viduals concerned in such transactions—and exculpation, if he can make out such a cause, from the charge of a breach of the faith of treaties for the abolition of slave trading, to which we ourselves have been such earnest and prominent parties MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS. FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF TIIIS DAY. C HRO NI C L E.—The failure of another official assig nee of the Court of Bankruptcy was made known in the course of the day. These breaches of trust on the part of public men, and others equally bound to a strict ful filment of their duties, continue to be commented upon by the mercantile classes with much severity. In the present instance th e d e fi c i ency on pu bli c accoun t is said to be from s( ven to ten thousand pounds. Large contracts for wheat and flour for shipment frotr Canada to London and Liverpool have been lately con cluded, Upper Canada wheat is to be put on board of the several vessels chartered for the purpose at 6s. 3d. the 701bs. ; and Uppe r C ana d a flour at 30s. to 31s. sterling. TIMES.—The feeling in the City on the subject of the non-arrival of the President hla bcen stronger to.day than on any former occasion since the first doubt of her safety arose, as it appears that the hope raised by the ac count circulated last night of her having reached Madeira is altogether without foundation. Indeed, this account seems never to have obtained the least credit at Lloyd's, where the event would necessarily be Est known, if at all. In the course of the day another rumour sprung up of her having at last reached Liverpool, but thi4 also, upon inquiry, turned out not to be true, though it was affirmed that a special train had been despatched to Lon don with the news. On the whole, in the practical busi ness of Lloyd's, the notion of rick has undergone some slight diminution, as t h e prem i um, w hi ch was yesterday 40 guineas per cent., sunk this afternoon to 35 guineas. The subject occupied general attention in the City, up to the hour when business closes, in a very remarkable degree. The last business done at Lloyd's was at 40 guineas. The premium on gold at Paris is 7/ per mille, which, at the English Mint price of 31. 17s. 10/d. per ounce for standard gold, gives an exchange of 25. 33, :Lad the ex change at Paris on London at short being 25 45, it follows that gold is 0.48 per cent, dearer in London than in Paris. By advices from Hamburgh the price of gold is 428 per mark, which, at the English Mint price of 31. 17s. 10/d. per ounce for standard gold, gives an ex change of 13. 6, and the exchange at Hamburgh on London at short being 13. 71, it follows that gold is 0.47 per cent, dearer in London than in Hamburgh. An official ordinance of the Governor-General of the Portuguese Possessions in India, relating to the ports of Goa, Diu, and Damao, is published •n the papers received by the overland mail. The preamble sets forth the ex pediency of protecting the commerce of the three ports by diminishing their charges and granting them the greatest possible liberty, to attract to them the goods and merch:in disc of ell nations, and the Governor then proceeds to order, that from the Ist of February, 1841. all goods and merchandise, of whatever description (opium included), and under whatever banner imported, shall be imported into Goa, Diu, and Damao, on the sole payment of 1 per cent. duty, and the expenses of carriage and watching till . their removal from the ports ; the arrangements to be observed being those of a decree of the 221 of March, 1834, relative to the free ports of Lisbon and Oporto. The pub lication of this order is regarded with some anxiety in British India, as it is feared this lowering of duty and granting of such extensive liberties to the ports of Por tuguese India will be a means of diverting the trade from the western side of the British possessions. HER AL D.—The attention of those interested in Ame rican securities has latterly been anxiously directed to the approaching instalment of the United States Bank for 400,0001, which falls due on Thursday, on account of moneys borrowed from various banking firms and capi talists on the deposit of State stocks and Bank shares, the repayments of which were to be effected at stated periods. The recant fa lure of the Bank itself to resume specie pay ments in Philadelphia, and to redeem its current paper circulation and post. notes, with the deplorable exhibit of its general affairs, which upon the face of its own balance sheet was equal to a declaration of complete insolvency, were quite enough, it might be thought, to satisfy men of business that, so far as the payment of the instalment depended on facilities for raising more money either here or in the United States, there could not be the slightest hope. And so the result has proved. It is understood now that the post notes for the 400,0001. cannot be taken up, but that interest upon the amount at the rate of 6 per cent. will be paid or proffered, and an additional deposit of 250,000/. nominal value in Pennsylvania State Stocks, placed in the bands of Messrs. Denison and Co., by way of better security for the ultimate satisfaction of the principal. It will be remembered that Messrs. Denison and Co. were constituted trustees of the large amounts of State stocks originally deposited in gua rantee of the loan or advances on post notes originally. The London holders on these notes are understood to have acceded to the terms for holding off their claims, but it is believed that the greater proportion of the notes representing the moneys really advanced are in the holding of bankers and other capitalists in the coun try, upon whom they were artfully foisted at the time through the instrumentality and strong writing up of the Banker's Circular, which is generally known to be the cat's-paw of a certain clique of London bankers, who had more State stocks and post notes than, gaod things and bearing high interest as they were, it was found safe or convenient to hold. However curious the fact may be, it is not the less certain, that country bankers are generally conceived in the City to be more gifted with pockets full of money than brains full of wisdom. How they will be disposed to act upon the occasion of this non-payment of post-notes and advances appears not to be absolutely ascer tained, although it is not easy to discover what other course they can pursue than to follow their bellweather of the London tribe, by whom cunningly betrayed into the scrape. An evening paper, in alluding to the affair of the United States Bank instalment ie its " money article " takes occasion to insinuate that Mr. Jaudon, the respected agent of the Bank, had escaped all personal responsibility by taking his departure fir the United States in the Great Western, which has just taken her de parture. First of all it may be observer'. on the authority of Mr. Jaudon's friends, that he has riot left the country, hut remains still a resident here. And secondly, whatever the condition of the United States Bank, Mr. Jaudon has never shown himself the man to shrink from the peform ance of duties which must long have been excessively one rous and greatly disagreeable, or trom any responsibility which may personally attach to him. If personal respec tability of character, and personal esteem resulting, could have saved the credit of a principal, the United States Bank, under the agency of Mr. Jaudon, would have escaped its present state of degradation. SUN.—There was again a very marked indisposition to enter into speculative operations in the English funds. For immediate transfer Consols realised 90 to 898, and for the Account in May, 90k to 904. This shows the abundance of money, as the continuation for the six weeks gives a rate of interest equal to only 2 per cent. per annum on the deposit of Stock. Exchequer Bills were marked 11 io 13 premium ; and India Bonds par to 2 premium ; Bank Stock was worth 171 to 1721 ; and India Stock for the opening, 254. The New Three and-o-Half per Cents. realised 98i to 99 ; the Three and-a- Half per Cent. Reduced, 97i to 978 ; and the Three per Cent. Annuities, 888 to 89. This afternoon a few of the Foreign Bonds ex changed hands at the following rates, which exhibit a trifling rally on the reduction of yesterday. Spanish Active Bonds 23 to ; Portuguese, New 33a ; Mexi can, 30a to ; Danish, 77 1 1 to 78 ; and Dutch Five per Cents. 98i to 981. The settlement being fixed to take place tomorrow, checked business. The account in the Share Market was adjusted to day, after which the demand became more animated for the principal lines, and at improved rates. Great Western Riilway Shares obtained 27 1 1 ; the New 13f to 14 ; the Fifths 7i to : the London and Birming ham 68 to 69i ; the New 23 ; the York and North Midland 31 ; and the South Western 19-k premium ; Brighton were 34 ; Blackwell 5i ; Midland Counties 911 ; and Eastern Counties 13i discount ; Commercial Bank of London Shares were at 25 discount ; and Lon. don Joint Stock at 24 premium. The Foreign Exchanges were firm this afternoon. Paper drawn at three months' date on the principal continental cities, was negotiated on the following terms :—Paris 25 70 to 72i- ; Amsterdam 12 3k to 4 ; Antwerp 12 Sit to ; Frankfort 150 ; Hamburgh 13 9i to ti : and Trieste 10 2 to 2i. The failure of another official assignee, Mr. Clark, created some sensation in the City to-day. The following arc the official returns of the export of bullion from the port of London for the week ending Thursday last : Silver Coin to Hamburgh 208,200 oz. Ditto ditto Rotterdam 196,000 Ditto ditto Belgium Ditto Bars Hamburgh 23,000 PAISLEY PRESBYTERY. At a meeting of the Presbytery on Wednesday last, the following scene occurred : Mr. M`FARLANE, without remark, introduced an overture for the admission of all Orthodox Dissenting Ministers and congregati ons into th e p a l e o f t h e Ch urc h . Dr. FLEMING opposed the overture. If they adopted such a motion they would take away that crown of glory and rejoicing which had hitherto been the honour of the Church of Scotland. By such a proposal they would admit persons who had not studied under the Church, but perhaps in some academy. They should keep themselves by themselves ; do justice to their own students, and remember they were the Church of Scot land, not the Church Universal. Mr. M‘NAUGHTAN had great pleasure in seconding the overture. He thought there could be but one opi nion as to the propriety of giving them the advantage of being elected to the churches of the Dissenters, just as it would give the Dissenters the advantage of being elected to the congregations of the Church. Mr. DOUGLAS had never given up the hopes of a union with Dissenters, even in the heat of the voluntary controversy. Mr. BREWSTER rejoiced in the prospect of a union with Dissenters. Such a step might injure the inter ests of the students of the Church ; but no great im provement could go on without injuring some interest. Another reason for this brotherly spirit was, that from the experiment frequently made use of by many of their brethren of late, unless these declarations were to be retracted many amongst themselves would soon have to go out and join the Dissenters. He bad lately preached in the pulpit of a Dissenting minister, though he could not invite that minister into his pulpit in turn. He, therefore, was not only anxious for the union con templated, but he would go further, he would admit every man iuto their pale who took the Bible as ,his guide, which would be making them a national Church. Dr. FLEMING could not sit and hear such sentiments. Why, the Bible! Every Dissenter took the Bible for his guide ; every Unitarian would tell you he wes guided by the Bible; and if they admitted the Bible as their rule, they would get plenty of parties who would ask nothing more, and who would make a foot ball of the Bible. He protested against such doctrine as en encouragement of that schism which they were sworn to put down. Mr. BREWSTER said it was thoso intolerant views of Dr. Fleming which encouraged dissent. Dr. Fleming's views had a long way to expand to come up to the spirit of the age. Dr. FLEMING said, if Mr. Brewster and others h e ld such views, and took the, Bible , in place of the stand ards of that Church, for their guide, then th e y s h ou ld keep by the Bible, and not come into the Church. They would not, however, do this : they wanted to have the loaves aad fishes. The overture was agreed to, with the exception of Dr. Fleming. EVENING. EDITION. STANZAS WRITTEN UPON HEARING OF THE INTENTION ERECT A MONUMENT TO BURNS'S HIGHLAND $ 4ll. By Mrs. CHARLES TINSLEY. Raise on that hallowed spot No proud, vain stone ; Leave the young dead with her pure renown, Alone, alone ! Alone with the crowning love Of one true heart ; The love to earth like a glory sent, Not to depart. Alone with the glowing'youth Time may not wrong; With her heart's own touching record, kept In deathless song. With the murmur of the stream Where last they met, With the glancing of the star that shone On his regret. 0 shrined for aye in these, • With him, thine own, Still be thou with true glory left Alone, alone ! Back, man of pride ! thou tread'st On sacred earth— Where is the honour thou canst bring, , • What is its worth ? Let no intrusive hand • , Break on the spell, . Own'd by true, changeless hearts so long, And lov'd so well. Raise on that hallow'd spot No proud, vain stone— . • Leave the young dead with her pure renown , • Alone, alone ! Rotheram. COURT CIRCULAR. , Ler ,# WINDSOR, TUESDAY.—The Queen and Fri° 0f walked this m o rnin g f or some ti me on the. Tear} the Castle and the pl easure groun d and SloP e s"f e - ded wards his Royal Hi g hness the Prince rode 004' 1. . 6/ A4% 0 . by Colonel Bouverie, C o l o nel Wemyss, aad C. A. Murray. Her Roy al Highness the Princess R o yal w : for her accustomed airing this morning, a Highness the Duchess of Kent walked an otltia the f°l' noonThThis attendedafafternoon, oboyn aboutady A n h n a e l f- M ao a ,u r t i t a it D nh r aif e s po 7: o p te . ,rt b ob e ve r , Majesty and Prince Albert rode ) his Royal Highness driving, into the G r eat ra rk i i esas' Duchess of Kent, attended by Lady S . and the Maids of Honour in Waiting on ;he a llee tbe s ' ags i Hon. Misses Pitt and D evereux, drove out a time. d e bcf° r. The Royal party returned to the Castle a li e five o'clock. t The Duchess of Bedford has arrived to -u st:l, l Castle, and has succeeded Lady Barham as tm in Waiting upon her Majesty. Ae'd Lord Lilford has arrived, and has sueoae- ,10. Marquis of Headfort as the Lord in Wa - ° Mr. Rich succeeds Vice-Admiral Sir Robert-tylsl the Groom in Waiting on the Queen. . ()P l° Lady Barham, Lord Headfort, and Sir ' have taken their departure. The Right Hon. Sir William Fremantle, th e , Life Dr. Keatc, and Lieut.-Colonel Hall, of the i e l itols i Guards, will have the honour of joining t h " . " dinner party at the Castle this evening. o be y His Royal Highness th e Duke of Cam his yesterday morning for his residence at Ke fl ' cor br is id ß ge oy H al ou H s i e g , h p ne ic s c s ad s i p l e ly n , t . theday, returning S° nO in the evening. ~ein - Viscount Melbourne left town yesterday after' oibeir a visit to the Duke and Duchess of Somerset'fia4oo residence in Wimbledon Park. His Royal Ig g ,beil the Duke of Sussex honoured the Duke a nd ve with his company at dinner. The Marquis and Marchioness of Larod °Wne floul ae the Lady Louisa Fitzmaurice, left Lansdovtoei Mar yesterday morning for the residence of the N oble quis at Richmond. of t he Despatches from the Lord High Commisal"cr of DI-°I lonian Islands, and also from the Governo r were received yesterday at the Colonial-office. Ist The Judicial Committee of the Privy Coueeddreo yesterday. The Solicitor-General concluded hisigsnei for " Helps and others" in the will cause of ` Sir Goodlake," and was followed on the same s ke ro de blP William Follett, wh o was heard by their I' until the rising of the Court at four o'clock. FASHIONABLE INTELLIG.-.- g e-siV ar i ARR I VALS. Mrs. Temple West, at Montague-place, MontaL,.bes 0 , from Monkton, Somersetshire ; the Duke and Y_T, play, Beaufort, at Beaufort House from a visit to Hon• r o u u ' llte g e t ; Culling Smith, at Hampton from ; the Earl a•l a , blelt ° Milton, in Grosvenor-square, from Egerton LLoo.geY.Augaev p M a o u N i v e b t r t a , y in ; t u he ppe C r ou ß n r t p e o ss k- o s f tre D e zrl f i r n o g in tona t as n ' i l irl i l icS r pa igii ; to d i: Hon. Sir Fleetwood Pellew, in Grafton-street,o, v h : t wont— - ;i c e the Earl of Minto, at the Admiralty, fromirairy: L a dy A. , Earl of Roden, in Albemarle street, forrn Wilton-creseeo"a from the at th e the co C n o ti u n n e t [ e A ss ; t o h f e N D el i bu iag r e f re h' e _ 9 : o .;tes9 01. S° : ° ;; .i ra f' . : from S e Far, Bucks; Sir Phillip Mali ` - ' o ° Grey Lana:laiLesadAyl°. g yn er o t o o x n:p i i o n jArlinat p . s„. _e ~, r tnn ar ~,_ ~ir Wilton-cre Middlewich, Cheshire ; er: '-Street, s ' Chelsea, In Co4' scent, from a visit to Lady cLu r n i, t e eT vhir sir jarfieS ,_,,,, burn, from Staffordshire? ' Colonel Fox, ;n1 pall-1110i? Portsmouth ; the Earl of Chesterfield, al Cheste rfield fIY from Breby Park, Derbyshire; the Earl and r ) to as v , — e reet from ‘-' . cie and family, in Seymour-place, from their seat in (11 tershire. hg Para, ti„_ Countes!!)oo6, for DEPARTURES. k-latt e ' for The Duke and Duchess of Somerset, from par _ to e, _ Wimbledon; the Earl of Radnor, from Grosvenor-s_lo 1,- Longford Castle, Wilts ; Sir Felix Booth, Bart., I r c u i, gent's Park, for the north ; Sir Thomas Dyke Aela n a rla ti .,, M.P., from Jermyn-street, for his seat in Devon.cossnirel; Countess De Grey, from St. James's-square, fur r, c o uot or a on a visit to Earl and Countess Cowper ; the Earl and r _ of Denbigh, from Maddox -street, for Warwicksl!l edoorre Camoys, from Great George-street, for his seat ( I ! oie b r oot t o shire; Sir Arthur Brooke, Bart., M.P., f or pliffe, f ir :ra Home, Fermanagh, Ireland; Lord and Lady Wha rn id; of Curzon-street, for Wortley Hall, near Sheffie„ fart 6 Howard, for the Grange, Rotherham, Yorkshire ; Ilchester, accompanied by Lord Haverdale and Ladb 1 ou se, Strangways, from Burli n gt on - s t ree t, for M e lbury op; t 0 family seat, in Dorsetshire ; L a dy S o merset, for Ha s ot oqua r ; Right Hon. Sir Georg e a n d L a dy R o se, from E al d I,artf.„ ( l for Sussex ; the Earl an d C oun t ess o f Essex an Mr.p. Capel, from Chapel- s t ree t, f or C as hi o bury park e s Lady Fanny How ar d, f rom Belgrave-square, for '" Luate. place, Eastbourne, Sussex ; the Honourable,„ondi9ri C. Cavendish, M.P., and Lady Catherine n o P ot from Burlington House, for Latimers, Buck s ; ,., r -ere sc , e r il: and Countess of Clarendon, from Grosrea" Shepp e y; for their seat i n H er tf or d s hi re ,. Mr. T ' f o r Su" M.P., from Great George-street, Westm i ns ter, t e r Colonel Bake r , M.P., from Old Cavendish-stree,t'oer G. bury, Wilts ; M r . W. W r i g ht son , M.P., from 'Jr' for venor -street, for Cusworth Park, near Duoca,tf..oll°lroro W. Henea ge , M. P. , from Dover -street, Berice;e'Al. G. Compton Bassett, Wilts; th e H on . C a pt ; for Spring-gardens, for C as tl e G or i ng , nea r Wort"l,s.,squ'llill- Byng. M.P. and Mrs. Byng, from St. Jare es t , fre t s sei Wrotharn Park, Herts; Lord and Lady Cart ere sir Plon; street, for their seat near Ampthill, Bedfordshir e ' , i n spec t, ' s e, Vivian, Bart., M P., from Pall-m a ll, on a tour '? 6 prito i rf on , the Earl and Countess of Rosebe r y, and La d 'y e and t og' from Piccadilly, for Herts ; Lord Melgund, 31 •';' Rosh., to Mr. Elliot, from the Admiralty, for Minto 1 10u5 ' n ' n a li si gr. shire ; the Earl of Clare, from Belgrave-squ are ' ilero the Earl and Countess Cowpsr, at Pansariger, pet, for se , W. R. C. Sta ns fi e ld, M. P., f rom Jerrnyo -str fro° 0 4 holt Hall, near Leeds ; the Bishop of Lincolo o , Du ke gent-street, for Willingham, Market Raisers; td f r o 141 ,0 Duchess of Marlborough, and M arq uis of Blandf or lane, for Blenheim Park, near Woodstock, Oimn; Graham, Bart., M.P. and Captain Graham , fr, °rn d • Islr;,.eto place, for Netherby, the family seat in Cumberial,re'en-at:i-o• L. Buck, M.P., and Lady Elizabeth Buck, from u_ t o) 7.0 r, for Moreton, their seat near Bideford, Devon ; Cal ) . gr.a, nington, M.P., from Montcombe-street, fur Brig hl: 11. to e L. Bruges, M.P., for his seat near Devizes; 31r * itere s ,l e s' craft, M.P., from Carlton House-terrace, f"r Om • Hall, Dorsetshire ; Mr. Bruce, Chichester, from or street, St. James's, for Arlington Court, his setSke ft6he/of staple; Sir George Crewe, Bart., M.P., fm . near Derby; the Right Hon. the Speaker a t'; fleck, r ., Commons, and Mrs. Lefevre, from Eaton - plac e, fb d e le, 16. .0 0 place, Hartford-bridge, Hants; Mr. W. S. for his seat in Warwickshire ; the Right Ho n. the 01-0,0, Forster, for Leamington Spa; Lord Aylmer , from, Acbefroin wick Hutel, Jermyn-street, for Paris;_ ifiscotrolios, from M.P., from ditto, for Beccles ; the Hon• 31 r •, -,oe, f o r ditto, for Henham Hall ; Sir Gorge and Lady c oo, or ditto, for Suffolk; Captain and Mrs. Du Cane, frotuditrot Windsor ; Monsieur and Madame Fleirsham , fr°ln„.l3, the north ; Mrs. Raper, from ditto, for Peterbor nob to CHANGES. chro psbir h e ' at. Mr. and Mrs.. Hudson, from their seat in P— r i n aeo sir Park-crescent ; the Duke and Duchess of 13 „ 1ie N.13. • o tt Boughton House, near Kettering, from Bowhio , „ Horace Seymour and Dowager Lady Clinton , rin k Jo Court Palace, from their seat in Sussex ; Sir Froci e h i e y 1 4 e , stone, Bart.., and Lady Louisa Johnston,', at Dirn; Aga the Oxon, from Leicestershire ; Mr. and Lady Carc!A ti rst ; on , at Brighton, from Woolbeding, House, near 3 , '" c' fit° k frap Archbishop of York , at Newnha m Park , O xon, a n d se , thorpe, Yorkshire; t he Hon. G . Cavendish, 31.-r•o'od flow, Louisa Cavendish , at Leamin g t on Spa , fro m . Str or, the seat of the Earl of Harewood, in York- 411 *f 1.. 1 1, 0 , Cockburn, Bart. , at Bath , from Staffordshire' "",,t1;010P.4,, at Bath, from High Hall , Derbyshire the Earl of 14 t in at Florence Court, from a visit to Mr. 011 t nn , e ; his s t ep wood, Sligo; Sir Charles Burrell, Bart., 3 1 . •' Dan t ; Sussex, from town ; Lord and Lady Adare, i.hneri_o; Castle, Glamorganshire, from Adare Hall, cnuotY Br i g ht er Lord Frederick Beauclerk, at Portsmouth, from fie Sir William and Lady Pole, at Cheltenham , fr om their seat in Devon. THE WEATHER. ROYAL GALLERY OF SCIENCE , ADS-- LAO- 30 APRIL B Irometer .. ........................ N°°l4 i 14 •b 5 Deg' Thermometer Highest .................... •••• . 5 ' Lowest ....................... 43 Wind S. W. —Freezing Point 32 Deg. STREET. ------"=""-- 4" t e ( ' HARD SWEARING. —At the l'onte.rac „, ddre' sinnr, on Wednesday last, Sir Gregory Lewin , 10 a idee ing the Jury on the improbability of the prosecutor, tot tifying a quant:ty of hay, which had been stolen, saTiot some men's consciences allowed them to go so far,. leg awitness in America once distinctly swore to a gosee,,,, • 'tor it hat been made into a giblet pie and cook 0 Doncaster Chronicle. cher The Lords of the Treasury have declared' a 0 ter a free bonding port for teas, coffees, suet.: a n ' other goods that can be legally imported, ~~ t .,' ' DE CL P l ni Rea The spi , - qion of t rO Ved, fa (4 14 unassi I r; tee on to the cha 00 d oi n d s , u. 1 entitl Age " 44 of dh .Play o Ikto r is 1 / 4 ;,,, 44 ,61.r N 4 7, l ,reaso V Point to al3 in , Acmeding; oF e bigots great •%epticism The per te_tlin es r 1 1 Germ i llgio us 1 t 4 tholi cs , ether, w ether, Rei iust dete: titres t ill _ co. to 'cAnro 1 8 ' 31 ed, p ar Gwell ti e rman c t he volt that th .°ll-plao