The Sun. — London, England, 1867-04-16 00:00:00

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. (From the Westminster Gazette.) The International Financial Society has not been without its mistakes. The advance made to the Northampton and Banbury Railway is one of the most glaring, and does not say much in favour of that care, prudence, and knowledge which every good man of business ought to pos sess ; it shows that the directors have not always time sufficiently to examine for themselves the value of the security given before advancing a portion of the capital of the company. However, the company has at its head a chairman of no or dinary capacity and foresight. The speech he made on opening the annual meeting, held on the 25th of January,. and the answers he made to questions put in the room, give a candid and fair estimate of the value of the securities held by that society. The balance sheet shows that £369,738, 16s. 10d. is the amount of advances made upon securities ; a fair proportion, consider ing the capital paid up, £750,000. The greatest speculation is that of the Metropolitan Sewage Scheme, which will absorb £llO,OOO of the company's capital. It is in tended to carry the works a distance of 31 miles—an ample tract of country in which experiments are being made to prove its value. Sewage, the wash out of London, when applied to agriculture, must be very valuable. The chair man explained that the results of one of these ex periments proved that, at the end of the twelve months, the balance sheet of the experimental farm would show a capital outlay of £9,500, and esti mated returns which would be sufficient, after paying a penny a ton for the sewage employed, to leave a profit of some £2,500, or more than two hundred per cent. upon the price paid for the sewage. This is a most wonderful statement, and one, perhaps, not readily believed by the ma jority of farmers and country gentlemen. If true, it proves the value of London sewage. The public have not as yet examined this affair ; the shares are in the hands of the society and of the eminent firm so well acquainted with the value of guano, which, when first brought into notice in this country, was received with as great a suspi cion as the sewage of London. There can be no doubt of the value of London sewage for agricul tural purposes ; the best meadow in every village is the one so placed that it can receive the wash out of the village ; a meadow so situated will always command the highest price, an . excep tional price, when brought to the hammer. The public will have full time to consider this valua ble investment when reports of the experiments now making are published. It is the intention of the company to carry their work at first some forty-four miles through the country before con tinuing them to the outlet into the sea on the eastern coast. Throughout this distance the sewage will be available for the land, the farmers will soon learn its value, and the remit will be large dividends. This manure is particularly :fit for the growth of grass crops, however poor the land ; even a gravelly soil (but the gravel must be first loosened three feet deep) will become first rate meadow land under its powerful fertilizing qualities, and it will bring the land into such a high state of richness as, at the end of three, four, or more years will enable the farmer to break up the land, should it lie high and dry, so that it may take a heavy crop of oats, and by one single deep tillage in November or December, receive he benefit of frost. The farmer must sow the seed on the furrows, harrow both for wards and backwards, and repeat the same crossways, taking care skilfully to make cross furrows to carry off rain water. The oat crop may be succeeded by another oat crop, or by corn or barley, and even the third year a good grain crop may be expected. Every farmer knows the profit of a grain crop produced without any expense for manure. Weeds, how-- ever, must be taken into account. Some soils are so prolific in weeds, that after the oat crop a hoed crop may be necessary. After the second or third year the land can be put back to grass, and the second year it will be in the same state of richness by means of the sewage as before the grain crops. The share capital of the sewage company is represented by £2,000,000. It is pro oposed to Commence with £1,000,000, of which say one-half belongs to the International Society. This will easily be raised by calls, which will be readily paid when the value of the sewage is known. On the other hand, every intelligent landowner possessing property on the line of the works ought to become a shareholder in the com pany. His land must become double in value wher ever the sewage is carried; he will, therefore, do well to lose no time in becoming a promoter of this un dertaking, and in exerting his influence to get the company to construct their works and carry them through his farms. There can be no doubt his re turns will be double at the end of the first year. When his neighbours see his fine crops they will regret that they did not apply in time to secure the first contract. Those who come second will have to pay the extra expense of works to bring the sewage upon their land, and in time applica tions will be so numerous that not one drop of this rich sewage-water will reach the sea, and this sewage scheme, so much dreaded, like guano of old, by the International Finance shareholders, shall become their brightest jewel. The Credit Foncier of England is one of those puzzles that would require a Chinamah's head to solve. In their last report issued to the shareholders alist of the securities held by the company is printed in large letters, with just enough information to make one wish for more ; but attempt to obtain it, and you will find yourself in a circle out of which there is no escape. Should you take the trouble to call at the Varna Railway office to ask for the last report, the question will be met by another ques tion—Are you a shareholder? No. Then you cannot have a report. So no kind of information can be obtained ; it must be left to time to solve the question of the value of the securities. Judging by the quotations in the Stock Ex change list, they are valueless, and; therefore, it is not surprising that these Credit Foncier of England shares are at such a heavy discount. Great Luxemburg ! The gross receipts forthe half year to 31st December are £147,218, against £155,282 in the same half of 1865, and £125,991 in 1864—the net earnings being respectively £67,987, £80,202, and £69,060. After deduct ing £35,589 for interest and the reimbursement of obligations, and £1,595 for the Ourthe line, there remains £30,122, or six shillings per share, for the shareholders. So the obligations appear secure, since those of £4 sell for £3 10s., and give 5 per cent. ; they yield at the present price a little under 51 per cent. ; and, taking the yearly drawing into account, when the shares are paid off at £5, these obligations are not a bad in vestment. It has been calculated that the aver age gives one share drawn in 300; so, taking that into account, or a bonus of £1 108., these obligations pay fully sf i l per cent. The debate in the House of Commons, on the motion made by Mr. Crawford, the member for the City, on the subject of railway debentures, is most interesting. He showed that " the capital em barked in railways in the United Kingdom on the 31st December, 1865, was £455,000,000. Of that sum £357,000,000 consisted of share capital, and £98,000,000 of debenture and other loans. The number of miles over which these railways extended was 13,289, and the number of passengers carried in 1865 amounted to 252,000,000, or 800,000 a day. The whole sum taken for passengers and goods during the year 1865 was no less than £36,000,000." It may be possible that Parliament, by taking advantage of the present distress of some of the railway compa nies, may induce them to' accept a scheme which in time, and without risk to the country, may pay of a portion of the National Debt. But the question to be studied is, whether the railway companies have not a remedy in their own hands without placing themselves under any Par liamentary obligation. _ The plan proposed for paying future dividends by debenture warrants at 4 per cent., is not a bad one ; these war rants would sell say at 10 per cent. discount, but the price of stock would increase in proportion, as future dividends would be more secure. Take asTan example the London and South-Western Railway. Their debenture stock was on 31st December £3,547,320, of which £2,499,769 was receiving from 41 to 5 per cent. interest. The net -earning of the line for the half year ending the 31st December was £174,761 ; for the first half, £155,333 ; together, £330,094. If that sum had been paid in debenture warrants the share holders would have lost say 10 per cent., or £33,009 ; but the paying off of £330,094 deben tures, receiving from 41 to 5 per cent., would leave a profit—taking into account stamps, commission to brokers, &c.—of at least - 1 1 per cent., which would represent a profit for future dividends of £2,062 17s. 6d. ; this would represent a capital, at 5 per cent., of £41,257, but the loss would be in dividends £33,009, which would represent, at 5 per cent., a capital of £660,180. It is difficult to say what would be the effect of such a scheme on the price of stock ; the above calculation may be the worst feature, as the dividend warrants would carry 4 per cent. interest and 2 per cent. more capital if registered' at the end of six months. Again, the debentures being paid off will make those outstanding easier to renew at 4 per cent., so that it is more than probable that at the end of a few years the debenture warrants would sell at par, and might even rise to a premium before the entire debenture, stock is paid off. The loss to the shareholders would decrease each year by a certain per tentage under the 10 per cent. as in the above calculation, and each year the capital stock would receive over one shilling per cent. extra dividend by the saving in interest ; so that in all probability, stock, instead of falling, would command a firmer price. In the case of the Great Northern Railway Company the figures would run thus :—Debentures carrying more than 4 per cent. interest, £1,270,995 ; net profit the first half of 1866, £175,553 ; second half, £281,271; together £456,824 ; so that in less than three years the entire deben ture interest would be consolidated into a 4 per cent. stock, the saving would be, at -I per cent., £7,944, approaching k per cent. dividend upon the capital stock. The loss to the shareholders would, in all probability, be not more than 6 per cent., or £27,409, during three years, and at the end of three years an increased dividend of nearly i per cent. would be ensured. Great alarm has been excited amongst the shareholders of all the metropolitan gas companies by a bill which the Government has introduced to amend the Gas Act of 1860, and petitions, unprecedented in number, have been presented to the House of Commons on the subject. In the bill it is proposed, amongst several most objectionable provisions, to enact that the maximum rate of dividend— viz., 10 per cent.—authorized by two previous Acts, shall (except under conditions with which it is impossible to comply) be reduced to 7 per cent. The injustice of such an enactment to all shareholders who have invested in gas shares, on the faith of existing Acts of Parliament, is so flagrant, and the precedent as affecting other companies for the future is so dangerous, that it is impossible, if a shadow of honesty remains in the House of Commons, that a bill so detrimental to every interest can be allowed to pass. Among I several conditions with which it is impossible to I comply there is one :—‘, That the companies are not to make up their accounts or charge any price whatever, even to out-going or doubtful tenants of large consumption until, on the expiration of each quarter, a gas examiner (from whom there is no appeal) has reported what he considers has been the quality of the gas, and what he considers is the price properly chargeable for it, so that neither the companies nor the public will know from quarter to quarter what the one is to re ceive or the other to pay." How is it possible that any company can accept such a clause ? Is it not proposing an impossibility in order to plunder the house? Do members of Parliament expect that, by starving every enterprise in the coun try, they will make the country richer ? 'That, by reducing every shareholder to beggary, the shopkeeper& bills will be more readily met. Are there not at this moment many tradesmen on the eve of bankruptcy on account of the inability of their customers to pay their bills? Can they ignore that the first condition to pay debts is to have money in purse ? If they go on reducing every man's income, will not a day come when the Income Tax will yield next to nothing, or they will have to reduce the exemption clause from £lOO a year to £2O. It is time to call upon common sense—to appeal to better provisions of economy—unless it is the wisdom of the house to drive every poor, unfortunate shareholder, widows and orphans, into the workhouse. In the City it is felt that the speedy settlement of the Reform question has become an absolute ne cessity to stay apprehensions as to future order in these kingdoms ; that a heavy responsibility will fall upon any parties who, for the sake of popu larity, may seek to obstruct the passing of the Ministerial Bill. With political complexities in all directions and a host of financial and indus trial questions requiring solution, it is of vital importance that the Government should be placed as speedily as possible in a position to give undi vided attention to the general interests of the country. Mlcellaneous American News On the 23d March the citizens of New York were invited to an entertainment to be given in Seventh ' street by the Chippewa and Sioux Indians. Great preparations preparations were made in paint and feathers by savages. Tomahawks were brightened up and scalping knives sharpened. Whisky was swallowed, and the red men wound up to a pitch of excite , went which might have carried them from a feint int.) a real attack. The Secretary of the Interior, fearing for the hair of the citizens, prohibited the performance. The savages would be safer on the ' stage than in an open park, and those sent over to the Paris Exposition may appear on a French stage I to the delight and instruction of a Paris audience who may wish to learn how hair is " raised." The scene in the House of Representatives be tween Mr. Butler and Mr. Bingham is very gene rally commented on br the press. On Tuesday, March 26, the General on entering the House placed on the desk of each member a printed paper in two columns, - the one containing the speech of Mr. Bingham as it appeared in the official report, : and the same speech as it appeared in the morn ing journals, by which it was shown that the objectionable portion had been eliminated. " The speech," said Mr. Butler, " was not delivered as printed, and therefore he could not reply to it. The man was not to be envied who could sit down in the cool of the evening when all was calm about him and bring such an accusation against his peers as could not have been answered at the time the debate actually occurred. As to the case of Mrs. Suratt, he had examined the evidence with great care, and on this evidence he pronounced the innocence of the woman. It was no spasmodic thought, but his opinion was formed after calm and deliberate consideration. At the time of Booth's death several articles were taken from his body. Among them a diary, containing a full account of the original plot. This was to abduct, not murder, the President. Who was it that changed Booth's purpose? Who was it that would benefit by the death of Abraham Lincoln ? On investigation of the diary, eighteen pages were shown to have been cut out. He charged Mr. Bingham with " conniving at the mutilation of the book, with suppressing the fact of the existence of such a diary, although thetsc i o n v t e r r o. y of a tobacco pipe on the assassin's body w duced as evidence before the military court. Had the contents of the diary been made public the release of Mrs. Suratt would have been secured. Therefore the woman was murdered, and the member for Ohio was an accomplice in the crime." While Mr. Butler spoke he held in his hand the diary, and as he concluded replaced it in his pocket. Mr. Bingham asked to see it,' butAMT: Butler refused. Mr. Bingham, in reply, stated that "Mi..Bittler, as a lawyer, knew that evi dence after the fact was never, offered nor enter tained by a Court. He defied him to show by any investigation that any statement or communication made by John Wilkes Booth w 0,4 not made after the fact, and therefore inadmissible as evidence. All the Judicial tribunals had decided one way upon such evidence, but perhaps the genius of these judges was not equal to the unconquerable genius of the unconquerable hero of Fort Fisher." We have heard quite enough of Fort Fisher, and would like to have sonic more satisfactory answer to the frightful charge brought by Mr. Butler against the military commission that tried Mrs. Suratt. If General Butler is in possession of this diary it will be his duty to publish it, and at all hazards, if Mrs. Suratt was innocent, to establish the fact. THE LINCOLN MONUMENT ASSOCIATION.—Wash ington, March 27.—Congress has just passed a law organising an association, national in its character, for the purpose of erecting a monument commemo rative of the Great Charter of American Freedom. The Trustees for the North and North-western States are as follows :—Representative John T. Wilson, of Ohio ; Representative Orth, of Indiana ; Representative Cullom, of Illinois ; Senator Har lan, of Iowa; and Representative Driggs, of Michigan. In the United States Senate on the 27th March, Mr. Thayer asked and obtained unanimous consent to have read a telegram from the general manager of the Union Pacific Railroad West, from Omaha, to the effect that work on that road was progressing rapidly, and would be pushed on at the rate of two miles a day for the next 100 days. The Washington Secretary of Foreign Affairs has condescended to explain his action in the M'Cracken matter. The Department is bound by the strongest bonds of red tape, unchangeable rules and traditions, which admit of no departure. Any charge made to the Department against an employe of the Republic is formally communicated to the accused in an official document counter-signed by the Seeretary'. This, Mr. Seward states, was his own course, adopted in compliance with the well established rule, towards the diplomatic agents de nounct.d by Mr. M'Cracken. If the rule were reversed, and the diplomatic agents directed to for ward to the President or Congress every charge staff a a made e u a f g e l i e n r s k t s e u c p re i in sufficient to answer the correspondence. us F in o e r ss ei , gn ivo A ul ff d a b ir e sa , th w e el S l I n a r t y h the forb The burning of the Winter Garden Theatre at New York is regarded in the city as almost a public misfortune. With the theatre a collection of cos tumes was consumed, unequalled in the accuracy with which they delineated the modes of dress in every age and country. Such a loss is not easily replaced, independent of the intrinsic value of the vast amount of the gold and silver embroidery, of satins and silks. Messrs. Booth and Stuart, the lessees, who thus lost the fruits of a successful life of labour, have the deep sympathy of all, and it is not improbable that the New Yorkers will show this in a substantial form. On the 25th March the resolution adopted by the Senate forbidding Ministers abroad to wear uni formg, was discussed in the House of Representa tives, and an amusing debate was the result. Mr. Noell, of Missouri, gave his own idea of what the official dress for an American Minister should be, and proposed its adoption by the house. A swallow-tailed coat, with stars and stripes in the tail, butternut pantaloons, close fitting yellow stockings, with garters a la Franklin, buck skin vest, one side black and one side white, the whole surmounted with a cocked hat, looped up with an American eagle. On the Speaker ruling that the amendment was out of order, Mr. Banks stood up and informed the House of a prediction of Turgot's, in 1794, " that the day would come when the United States would play the part which Carthage played in ancient times," and "that their country would establish a policy in the matter of dress as in other things" on which the resolution was carried, and an American Minister cannot now appear at any Court, in court-dress. Mr. Covode amused the House by moving an amendment to the I resolution, which, although it produced laughter, I has been universally condemned as in bad taste : 1 " Provided, that diplomatic agents shall not be per -1 mitted to wear any Court dress except such as shall be prescribed and the patterns drawn by the Chief Tailor of the nation, who is now Presiding over its destinies." It was reported by telegraph from New York, April 6, that the Liberals, under Escobedo, had been defeated, but fuller intelligence has been brought to Paris by M. Forest, the French Consul at Mazatlan, who has just arrived from New York. It appears that the Emperor personally led his troops, and that he succeeded in completely routing Escobedo, who fled from the field with a mere remnant of his force. General Miramon had ad vanced by forced marches upon San Luis de Potosi, while General Mejia held Queretara for Maximilian. The Emperor had returned to the capital, and was concerting with General Mendez the measures necessary to re-open the communica tion between the capital and Vera Cruz, which has been interrupted since the departure of the French troops. On April 9it was telegraphed from New York that Mr. Seward had written to Juarez to urge that in the event of the Emperor Maximilian being captured he should be treated as a prisoner of war. It is probable that the Secretary of State had writ ten his letter when the Emperor was supposed to be shut up in Queretara, with scarcely a hope of escape. Maximilian, who is a fine dashing soldier, may prove himself to be the most able leader in Mexico, and he may yet command- the position by ►,he sheer force of skill and intrepidity. General Hancock has started from Leavenworth, Kansas, for the country inhabited by the Sioux, Cheyenne, and Arrapahoe Indians with 1,500 cavalry and infantry and a battery of artillery. He was aleo accompanied by several chiefs and braves of the Delawares, who are to act as guides and scouts. General A. J. Smith commands the regi ment of cavalry. The expedition is not bound on a hostile errand further than punishing those in clined to be belligerent, the main object being to strengthen the friendship of the peaceable inha bitants. The ship Lincolnshire belonging to Messrs. Money, Wigram, and Sons arrived at Plymouth from Mel bourne on Wednesday. She reports Feb. 28, in lat. 12.50 S., long. 31.50 W., the American Ship Lizzie Scott, 90 days from Callao ; and on March 13, in lat. 10.21 N., long. 38.22 W., the British ship Assyrian, .70 days from Shanghai, for New York. The Pall Mall Gazette informs us that the' Terri tory of Deseret, which includes the Mormon settlement of Utah, has adopted a Constitution and laid it before the American Congress, with a prayer for admission into the Union as a State. We would have reversed the position of those names, and called the Territory " Utah," and the Mormon Settlement " Deseret." To the Gentile world the Territory is known as Utah, though the Mormon saints have termed their settlement Deseret—the country of the Bee—the insect they have chosen as their emblem. COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. NEW YORK, Saturday, March 30. The imports of specie at New York again show a largo balance over the exports. The Aspinwall steamer brought $870,572, while the exports for the week amounted to $74,742. The imports from Ist January were $6,146,181, against expotts $6,068,603. The receipts of specie at the New York Cistern-house, for the week ending Saturday last, were $1,935, , 574, and the balance in the sub-Treasury is now $110,890,405. The demand for Europe is growing slacker, and gives little appearance of strengthening. Some look, however, for an increase likely to arise on account of excursionists to the Paris Exposition, but against this there will be the disbursements by the Treasury for the May dividend on the 5-20's. Tho demand for money has strengthened in preparation for the quarterly dividends, but such exceptional causes must tend to increase instead of diminishing the supply, and there is every prospect of an accumulation of capital seeking employment. It is confidently expected that the tightest period of the market has passed, and greater ease will rule for some time to come. Government Securities continue steadily to rise, and the demand has in no degree slackened. Robinson, Ogden, and Co., the well-known dealers in these Secu rities, have failed. Although there were wild reports as to their liabilities in circulation, it is now known that little, if any, loss will accrue, and it is even be lieved that the firm, after a short suspension, will resume business. The contraction of the currency goes steadily on, and speculator. whose style of business is in terfered with by the process suffer severely. It cannot be expected that so impprtant a change can be effected with out disturbance, but it may safely be predicted that those whole butinon ritondti on a ouro bait Trill not bo mete- THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, APRIL 16, 1867 rially injured. Business remains dull in sympathy with the weather. Those who have laid in spring goods are looking in vain for spring. The disappointment is uni versal, and as goods in response to orders accumulate on hand, it is feared that a large surplus will remain unsold. There was a considerable rise in the middle of the week in Pacific Mail Steamship stock. The Colorado, after a splen did passage from Hongkong to San Francisco, cleared, it is said, $60,000 by the trip. The Pittsburg, Fort Wayne, and Chicago Railway earned 111 per cent. The Cleve land and Toledo earned 10 per cont. for the half-year, and divided 6. The New York Central and Erie are inquired for at higher Rrices. State Bonds have been dull. Vir ginia Sixes were steady. Old Coupons selling at 62, and registered Bonds ;at 35k. It is difficult, judging from the opinions expressed around to predict the course of the market. Opinions are equally divided as to a rise or fall. The increase of money would lead to the expectation of a rise, while the contraction of the currency argues strongly in favour of a' fall. It is not unlikely that the one may counteract tho other and produce a steadiness in quota tions. Speculation, however, is at a low ebb, and the mar ket has ceased to be affected by the strong cliques to any thing like the extent of former times. (From Messrs. Bowles, Brevet, and Co.'s. Circular.) Paris, April 12. The week just ending has been marked by a financial panic, which still continues. The Bourse is in a state of excitement difficult to describe, and on every side little is talked of but war. Some believe it near at hand; others think that the Exposition will delay it some months, but all judge it inevitable. The result has been large sales and a rapid decline, such as has not been witnessed for a long time on our Bourse, and which extends to all securities without exception. The price of French 3 per Cents. is very low. The Italian Rentes have suffered most, having declined about 6 per cent. The Dollars themselves, after having resisted firmly, and selling at 851 have been drawn into the general cur rent, losing daily a little ground. They touch to-day the rate of 82. 1 -a decline of more than 21 per cent. This tendency has no other cause than the now critical situation of all Europe, and in nowise indicates any diminution in the public confidence in the American Securities. In Germany and in France there are held an immense quantity of Bonds' of the issue of 1862, more even, per haps, than in the United States. Many holders, in the anticipation of serious troubles and great need of money, are so anxious to realise that those wishing to buy hesitate in view of the general state of the market, ex pecting to take advantage of still lower figures. We publish on the Other side a new article upon the important question of the unity of monies. This is written from the English point of view, and will, we have no doubt, prove of great interest to our readers. It will be seen that the writer fully harmonises with the views of Mr. Beckwith, already given in our circular of 22nd February, No. 8. Mr. Behrens proposes, as a starting point, that the gold coin of each country should be made a legal tender in the others at fixed rates. (From E. F. Satterthwaite and Co.'s. Weekly Circular, April 10.) - - - - - - Our latest advices from Now York by the Africa, reach to the 26th inst. They report a more active de mand for money, but without any material advance in the rate of interest. The bank returns show a decrease in the deposits of over five millions, and in the loans of three-and-a-half million dollars. Government Stocks were reported slightly lower in price for the old Bonds, while the more recent issues were steady and in request at former rates. Railroad Shares were neglected, the chief transactions being on specula tive account ; the latest quotations exhibit no noteworthy changes. Railroad Mortgage and State Stocks generally steady ; Missouri Sixes had not quite maintained the re cent advance, the last price being 95 to 96, or two per cent. lower. The Secretary of the Treasury had re ported that, after a thorough and searching examination of the currency bureau by the most competent men, he is satisfied that the report of any over-issue of Govern ment Bonds " is utterly without foundation." Missouri State Debt.—ln our Circular of last week, w e referred to the resumption of payment of interest by the State of Missouri. From the Copy of the Act recently passed by the Legislature, it will be seen that all possible means have been adopted for the payment of the accrued indebtedness of the State as well as for regular payment of interest for the future. The London market for American securities presented a very firm aspect up to Friday last, when tho fear that Prussia might be involved in war induced large sales on German account. United States 5-20 Bonds, which had been freely- taken at 75i, fell suddenly two per cent., and were sold as low as 73i ; from this, however, there has boen a slight reaction, but the, tone of the market at the close of business is very unsettled ; the latest quotation is 731 tot. _ _ _ Illinois Central and Eris shares have also given way about $2, but the lower prices have brought forward numerous buyers, and at 77 to i for Illinois, and 37 to I for Eries ; they are decidedly firm. Atlantic and Great Western First and Second Mortgage Divisional Bonds are steady, but the Consolidated Bonds and Debentures are again from one to two per cent. lower, on sales chiefly for Dutch account. t'•rades' Unions. The summary published in the Times of yesterday of the evidence give n before the Royal Commission on the Trades' Unio ns b y Mr . R. Harnett, the sec retary of the Opera tive Stone masons' Society, does not present by any means all the facts of p u bli c im portance and interest elicited in the examinatio n o f witnesses regarding t he o p erati on of Trades' Unions in this branch of the building trade. Mr. Roebuck and Mr. Harrison (who was appointed on the Com mission in deference to the wishes of the Trades' Unionists themselves), ent ered at some l eng th i nto the question of the tyrannical operation of the rule in the union regarding " chasing," — a rule which drags clown an able and skilful man to the level of the inferior workma n. From the re port already given in the Times it will have been g a thered that this " chasing' r rule w as in effect th a t a wor k man should not, under the p enalt y of a fine — and a sys tem of fining prevails which would lead lead to the exclusion and ultimate ruin of the workman, as will fix wh at a man's l a b our s h ou ld be seen—work faster than a certain rate, pro nounced to be " the average," the society consider ingk followed th e quest i on tt himself expressed it, " W e consider we know what he (a g ood work man) ought to do." be, ethr,ataetheAyirc.oruilard ee fair average day's w or k." do y ou mean by that ?" an d up by asking—" Mr. Roebuck—" Th at is, what he (the workm an) ought to do with refer ence to his fellow-wo r k men ?" the answer was — " A Mr wr . b ß at oebu Witness—" Yes." Mr. Roebuck—" Not with re ference to himself ?" Witness—" No." Mr. Roe buck—" His own interest is to be sunk in the gene ral interest, then ?" Witness—" He is expected to adhere to the average of a fair day's work." Mr. Roebuck—" So he is to be a wonderfully patriotic mason, and sink his owu advantage for the sake of the advantage of the general class of masons ?" Witness—" You may look at it in that way." Mr. Roebuck —" Therefore, you take away from the man the advantage which 'God has given him ?" Witness—" I do not know about that." Mr. Har rison—" Is not the effect of Rule 11 (the chasing' rule) to prevent a very efficient man from develop ing his skill, and rising above the average ? Is it so intended?" Witness—" It is not exactly so in tended ? it does not apply in cases of that sort. Men will sometimes go in and do over the average amount of labour in a rough kind of way, and not do it in a workmanlike manner. If they were to do it in a workmanlike manner they would get over less work than if they did it in a rough manner. Mr. Roe buck—" But does not the master see that.?" Witness He may see it, of course." Mr. Roebuck —" If he sees it why does he not take notice of it ?" Witness— clerks of works will allow it to pass it causes very inefficient work." After a question had been in terposed by Mr. Merivale, by which it was elicited that the Lodge would decide, by the men working in a shop, what a man should receive as wages, the " chasing rule" was again brought under considera tion by Mr. Harrizon asking, Supposing the case of a man who does more work than other men, and at the same time does it better, and yet without even temporarily distressing himself—that is to say, sup posing ho can do it day by day the year round, that he is, in fact, both a better workmaif and a faster workman than other people, is that 11th Rule directed against that man ?" Witness.—" Yes ; of course, he would come under it." Mr. Harrison— " Are men struck out or got rid of under this 11th Rule, or if not that, have such men in practice been put in the black list? Witness —" If the fine is not paid they would be." Mr. Roebuck—" Supposing that this wonderful efficient workman to whom re ference has been made, did more work, and did it well, and that he was a good and virtuous man too, would you exclude him for a violation of Rule 11 ?" Witness—" No, there are not many men who could perform such an extraordinary amount of work over another efficient workman." Mr Roebuck—" But you would punish him ?" Witneigi—" We should fine him." Mr. Roebuck.—" You would fine the good man and the better workman because he was a good man and a better workman?" Witness.—" Ac cording to that rule." Mr. MattheWs.—" What if he did not pay the fine ?" Witness.—" He would still have the opportunity of working ; the society could not say that he should not work anywhere else." Sir 'William Earle (the chairman).—" He might get work if he could, hut nothing from the society." • Witness.—" Yes." Mr. . Matthews.— " Supposing he were fined for an infraction of this 11th Rule and refused to pay the fine, he would be ,excluded from your society, I suppose ?"—Witness —" Where there was a majority of the society men." Mr. Matthews.—" Supposing the employer were to say, "This is a very valuable and good workman, therefore I will employ him, notwith standing that he has been excluded from the union,' would the union men in that case strike till that mars was discharged by his employer?" Witness.—" Yes, as far as that man was concerned they would do so." On questions by Lord Elcho, it was owned by the witness that this supposed good workman who would be turned out of the society for being an unusually active workman would lose all the benefits for which he had so many years subscribed for. On the question of strikes the witness stated that a strike took place last year in Newcastle for a reduc tion in the hours of labour, and it lasted for nine months of last year, the men refusing to take a rise of wages rather above the equivalent of the reduc tion they asked for in hours, and the strike ended with the success of the men, who now work 501 hours a week, instead of 551 as formerly. The ad vantage of shorter hours had no other object than it was considered that the reduction " causes more men to be employed ; there is work for an increased number of hands," and that, " coupled with the re striction as to apprenticeship, would increase the advantage which the men have over their em ployers." Mr. Thomas Conolly, a stonemason, a delegate from a Trades' Union conference, who had been allowed to attend while the previous witness was examined, volunteered to give evidence. He explained the "chasing" rule by saying that it was to prevent a master giving a man 6d. a day extra wages, which the witness termed " blood money,' as the man would do more work and so make the others do more work than they otherwise would. One portion of this rule compelled men "not to take less time than that taken by an average mason in the execution of the first portion of each descrip tion of work," so as to set up a comparatively low standard by which the other work should be car ried on. The fellow-workmen in a shop are the best judges if a man works too fast, and they decide the quantity of work he shall do. On being pressed by Mr. Roebuck as to why the society in terfered with workmen in this way, the witness re plied, " For our own convenience." Mr. Roebuck rejoined, " For your own profit, you mean ?" and the witness gave this candid answer, Yes, those rules are made for men, not for masters ; we do not take masters at all into account in the arrangement of the matter ; we merely look upon them as men who step in with their capital and want to get the greatest profit they can out of their capital, and wo want to get the greatest profit we can out of our labour." The rules of the society have to be ob served by non-society men, the witness acknow ledged, or the society men would not work with them, and the evidence of the witness was summed up by Mr. Matthews.—" You resist overtime, you resist piecework, and you resist the competition of a skilful man with a less skilful man." The witness entered at length into various questions connected with the unions. He owned that he now held no office, and was only a member of the union, yet he had not worked at his trade since last Christmas two years. He thought that the society numbered about three-fourths of the masons in England, and it was so progressive that in a short time he consi dered there would be very few outside it, " so com pletely are working tnen beginning to see the ad vantage that accrues to them from the union. They can see, for example, that here in London last year and the year before we were enabled, without any sacrifice on our part, but respectfully putting our case before the employers to advance our wages id. an hour—that is to say, 10d. a day. Men are be ginning to understand that if they have not a good organisation and a fund at their back they may apply to their masters in vain to advance their wages." He thought the law ought to protect the funds of a union, and he was in favour of an arbi tration board, but he thought the board's acts should not be binding. He expressed himself as looking upon past strikes as not unfruitful, because they taught the masters how inconvenient it was to deal with men who were " determined to make sacrifices on behalf of a principle," and so the masters hesitated very much before they infringed upon the men's liberty. The witness seemed to consider it a commendable thing for a workman to put a defective stone in a building, if it could be done without being detected by the clerk of the works, and he owned that such a man would not be brought under reproach by his fellow -workmen for the action, though be acknowledged) " some highly moral men might object." Mr. Roebuck said-- Some more honest man than the usual run, you mean ?" and the witness answered, " I do not look upon it as a question of honesty." These two wit nesses completed the inquiry as far as regards the stonemasons' branch of the building trade. THE MAKING OF THE AMERICAN JVAJION. --- _ (From the Anylo-American Times.) The Americans were resolved, at whatever cost, to perpetuate the Federal Republic. But what originated that military enthusiasm which by its sudden outburst surprised other nations ? What gave them their iron will ? How came they, in the first instance, to establish a Federal Republic ? In 1776 their leaders declared that all men were free and equal. In what school did they learn this ? What originated their purpose to separate from Great Britain? Why are the Americans what they are? Why have they done the deeds that distinguish them ? In a word, what was the making of the American nation ? The qualifications required to furnish a reply to these questions are, extensive reading, deep thought, a calm and ju s t j udgment, an able pen, a logical mind, and great moral courage. We have care fully read the above work of Partridge, and consider that he has fully replied to these inquiries, and evinced the possession of these q ualifiCations. His work, like a mirror, reflects his patient re search, large historical knowledge, great faithful ness, rare independence of thought, and sterling love of liberty. The statesman seeking England's prosperity, and not the victory of a party, may study this book with m i ng l e d d e li g ht and profit. Believing that effect follows Cause, as uniformly in the moral as in the material world, Mr. Partridge has gathered from all sources a multitude of facts showing the origin, progress, and present position of the American nation. Classifying these with a master-hand, he points out the principles they illustrate and the lessons they teach. We see him carefully surveying the temple of the Federal Re public, with a measuring reed in his hand and an Inkhorn by his side. Nothing escapes his scruti nising investigation, for he is determined to render a report which shall be beyond dispute. We will folloW him, and learn the result. Taking a com prehensive view of the history and territory of America, Mr. Partridge discovers in the Ameri can character a strong tendency, rising at times to a passion to be a united people. He attri bute 3 this tendency to many causes. There is the material cause including territory, labour, and population. There is the mental cause, embracing national like-mindedness of ideas and interests, of institution, race, language, boundary, and religion. There is the disciplinary cause, the completeness of its legislative and executive government. There is the educational cause—comprising the common schools, the free press, the deliberative assemblies and public worship ; and the effects of these became causes also, and established powers of association and political equality. One system, however, existed which resisted all the national tendencies to unity, and created a conflict between the Southern States and the national Government. It was the slaveholding oligarchy, and this was cast out by the war. Such is the statement of the case by Mr. Part ridge, and the history of America abundantly con firms its correctness. Next he presents the following theory :—That the nature of man is adapted to a Federal Republic and a Federal Republic is adapted to the nature of man. lie considers, first, that the development of the individual is promoted by the school, press, and Church ; the law, protect ing sacredly his right. Next, that by means of this development the State flourishes ; and, thirdly, that a nation composed of such States, must flourish also : but, that an inequality in the State-laws must be alike injurious to the individual, the State, and the nation, and that the secret of the strength of a nation consists in the development of the powers of the individual and the State, - as they are thus brought into harmony with the moral forces of the universe. Now cows an important question, which Mr. Partridge asks and answers. " Why is it that the rule of All has not produced better government in America ?" His reply announces a truth which to• day is practically ignored by the Times and a number of other papers and writers. It is this— " Americans have, to a certain extent, been par tially educated, educated, and wrongly educated." " The misdevelopment of the South has poisoned the last sixty years of national history, and the balance of parties —North and South Democrats and Republicans—lent, from the question of Presi dent downwards, a factitious value to compro mises, availabilities'; and intrigues." Mr. Partridge points to the great difference in America before and since the war. Before the war, slavery rested like an incubus on all her energies. Since the war America has been exercising powers which had been previously to a great extent paralysed. It thus stands now in a new relation to other nations. " Doubtless," says Mr. Partridge, " the completion of this first nation upon the basis of individual poli tical equality secures the next great step in the series along which humanity has to advance." The introduction and the first five chapters of this work were written and printed during the heat of the American struggle, in fact soon after the war began. But when the London daily press, with the excep tion of the Daily News and the Morning Star, regarded the triumph of the Confederacy as a question of time only, Mr. Partridge contended from sound prin ciples and irrefutable arguments that slavery must go down, that the Confederacy must sink with it, and that the Union would be restored. He showed that the North was fighting for the nation, the South for a party ; that the nation had a mis sion to fulfil and a lesson to teach. To be the champion of freedom was its mission; to teach other nations by example the value of the truth that " All men are brethren," was the lesson. Pointing out that slavery is national weakness and freedom national strength, Mr. Partridge de scribed the relation of these principles to the con tending parties. So far as principles were involved, " the beginning of the war was abolition ; the sides were freedom and slavery, the end could not be compromised." Now the author proceeds to take a wider view. Perceiving in the struggle the relation of Chris tianity, the source of all progress to individual and national reform, he contemplates Europe, and sees that notwithstanding all the obstacles placed in the pathway of Christianity, it is working out the benefit of the people. Then arises a question— What arc the reciprocal influences which England and America are exerting each upon the other ? a ques tion which will increase in interest with the pro gress of America ; and Mr. Partridge briefly but comprehensively, says This is the answer to those who may ask—Would you apply American institutions to this country ? Remove every cor porate, fiscal, or other unnatural obstacle from the path of knowledge and religion, and then let any institutions come what may. For an instructed minority to dictate to an instructed majority is, not a monarchy, oligarchy, or representation, but a triumph of physical force over ideas. The Georges sent this country galloping towards a Republic. It is the greatest praise of Victoria that almost every element of irritation, save that of an unbalanced Constitution, has been removed ; but as our good Queen reigns without governing, the usurpers who wield her functions, to deny the people their rights, have an abundant interest in withholding the suffrage from those who at once understand and condemn their policy." During the civil war, Mr. Partridge (in this por tion of his book) drew a comparison between the respective forces—material, intellectual, and spiri tual—of the North and the South ; and from these, as well as from the geography, history, constitution, principles, and nationality of the Americans, he predicted the overthrow of the slave oligarchy, the triumph of freedom, and t h e establishment of unity Mr. Partridge holds up a mirror to those who s ympathised with the South ; that, seeing them selves in their true colours, they might learn what sort of persons they must be to sanction principles so despotic, and feel ashamed of their course. Proceeding to analyse the influences which have formed the American character, and to ascertain whence sprang that passion fo r un i ty w hi ch the war so abundantly revealed, Mr. Partridge classifies them as the following :—. 4, The material bases of unity, embracing geo strategy, climat e , mountains and rivers, graphyt canals, commerce, banks, revenue, rail, telegraph, coin, and postage. The unity of ideas and interest, including race, language, literature, religion, boun dary, and institution. Th e moral forces, the unity of principle and purpose." From a complete view of all these influences and forces, Mr. Partridge argued that America could not be divided. On account of space, we omit several quotations we should be glad to make. The follow ing is exceedingly important with reference to the moral forces of America :-- The American anti-slavery movement had in it all the elements of a great and successful moral revolution. It began, or rather recommenced, about thirty years ago in contempt, and dishonour, and martyrdom. It advanced in numbers, influence, and organisation. It became more and more aggres sive. It was sho wu to be as right iu statesmanship and economics as it was in morality. New elements of power constantly gathered round what seemed at first but a naked germ of principle. It became a ruling power. It carried its President. It com mitted the nation to a struggle against the evil principle." Mr. Partridge proceeds to trace the history and the struggle of liberty and slavery in America from 1607 to 1860. lie shows the origin, consolidation, and, progress of the nation ; the influence of the slave party over the Government, the conflict of armies, and in reviewing the whole history of the slavery question up to this period, observes that the people were in advance of their Senators, for while the sentiments of the former in the North were anti slavery, the votes of the Senate were pro-slavery. The hypocrisy of the slave States is described in practising slavery, after declaring that all men were free and equal. The right was claimed and exercised by Congress, in its early laws, to pro hibit slavery in territory anterior to its being formed into States ; yet, at a later period, it is shown by Mr. Partridge, the South not only denied to Con gress this right, but determined that slave law should override all laws and constitutions, and on this account put itself in battle array against the nation. The historical review closes with a description of the victory of the North and the casting out of oligarchy. Mr. Partridge then deals with the right of seces-ion and with *reconstruction. These are handled iu an equally able manner with all the preceding subjects—the same fulness of facts, the same clearness of principles. Among the items of reconstruction, Mr. Par tridge advocates the removal of the capital to St. Louis as more central; the expunging from the constitution the clause which recognised five coloured persons as equal to three white persons, although no coloured person was allowed to vote ; and some other equally important improvements are also suggested. This ample view of America closes with the fol lowing paragraph :—" From the example of Ame rica? 4 world of United States may arise to unite universally the blessings of unity and independence. Thus may she go on to perfect and to combine the means and the results of government. Thus may the principle of her unity prevail, and the orbit of her influence sweep wider and wider through the nations, showing how out of free school, free church, and free assemblies men, institutions, nations, em pires, and federations are rightly made." It would be advantageous to both England and America if those members of Parliament who uttered about America so many words, with so little sense, would read, mark, learn, and closely study this book. America is designed by Providence to teach great lessons to other nations, but these lessons can only be learned by a knowledge of its history. True, England and AmeriCa are working out the same great principles of freedom. America . leads ; England will follow—is following. In America the public mind is more plastic and formative than in England. 'Thus it is prepared to lead. The Uni versity of Cambridge •refused -an endowment for a professorship of American history, yet this book proves that the theories which arebeing wrought out in America are telling on the destinies of nations. The hopes of the world rest on America, because it is the home of the oppressed and the land of the free. Mr. Partridge must, we think, feel much satisfaction in view of the great amount Of good this book is calculated to produce. Mutual knowledge between England and America will produce mutual harmony ; and should this book be read, as we trust it will be, by the thinking men of both nations, they will feel deeply grateful to Mr. Partridge for his labours inlenning it, and recognise his ability to show how nations are made. FIRST VOYAGE OF THE STEAMSHIP HAMMONJA. Extract of Log from Southampton to Now York: — Wednesday, March 6, 288 miles ; passed Needles 2i- p-n 1 Thursday, 7th, lat. 49.50 N., long. 8.59 W., 338 miles ; wind E.N.E., fresh breeze, weather fine. Friday, 8, lat. 50.22 N., long. 17.41 N., 350 miles ; stormy, snowstorms, sea running very high, E.S.E. Saturday, 9, lat. 50.27 N., long. 26.48 W., 340 miles; idem., E.S.E. Sunday, 10, lat. 49.51 N., long. 35.35 W., 348 miles ; idem., E. Monday, 11, lat. 47.57 N., long, 42.57 W., 303 miles; light breeze, foggy, at 4 a.m. dense fog, near great deal of ice. Tues day, 12, lat. 45.07 N., long. 49.57 W., 330 miles ; light breeze; weather dull, N.N.E. Wednesday, 13, lat. 42.20 N., long. 57.0 W., 331; fresh breeze, weather changeable (variable wind). Thursday, 14, lat. 41.12 N., long. 61.1 9 W., 330 miles ; stormy, weather clear, very cold, idem• Friday, 15, lat. 40.41 N., long. 71.36 W., 111 miles ; passed Sandy Hook at 8 p.m., N.W. Total distance run, 3,06 9 miles; average of speed per day, 332 i miles; per hour, 13-85th miles. The North-German Lloyd steamer Union passed the Needles at 31 p.m. on the 6th of March; and Sandy Hook at 10 p.m. on the 15th of March. The Hamburg steamer lianainonia boat the Union ono hour. COUNTRY MARKETS. COLCHESTERL—Arnm 13. A moderato supply of wheat. Trade brisk, at is to 2 0 per qr. advance on last week's prices. Malting barley In demand at is per qr. dearer. Beans and peas is per qr. dearer. Wheat, white 64s 66s Beans, Mazagan......311 3 68 red: 485 648 Peas, white small 448 488 Barley .... 64 2 0 8 838s 4 ` 2 ,8, Oats grey ..36s OP CHELMSFORD—APRIL 12. This market was well supplied with wheat, the best samples of which advanced from is to 2s per qr., and inferior sorts is per qr. All spring corn was firm at last week's prices, and in some cases a slight advance was obtained. A considerable amount of business WO transacted. Wheat, old white....s2s 863 ' Peas, Partridge 405 3 " 428 new b3e 698 White ..348 old red 518 60s Boiling.. ...... 363 405 new. 51s 62s Dun.... ..... ...38s 400 Barley.. 26s 3ss ditto, new....---8 --4 „, Chevalier I's 538 Beans, Tick, 01d......403 Ir, Grind nn 9 158 32s new. _398 ' Malt 663 74s Harrow ticks.42B 4 u: Chevalier 688 763 new.... 418 45 0 3 Oats .. 2os 26s Maza,gan . '393 4'l ABERDEEN—APRIL 12. Tho market was rather more brisk to-day, with a genera rise in prices. White wheat 58s Od to 62s OD 621 b 11 bushel. Red wheat .sos Od to 51s Od; Potato oats 27s Od to 288 Od 40lb 11 bushel. Common oats 268 6d to 27s Od Bore 35s 6d to 36s 6d Barley 35s 6d to 36s 6(1 c 531 b 7 tl bushel. Oatmeal 20a 64 to 21a 6tl 'il boll of 2801 b• Flour, fine 47s Od to —s Od v sac k of 280,t, KIRKCALDY—Arnm 13. Small supplies of all kinds of grain. Wheat 2s, and oat s is per qr. dearer. B ar l ey brought fully last week's prices' Wheat. Barley. Oats. First...—. txs 6d ; 35s 6d 26s 6d , t - euond.... 59s Oct 1 38s 6d 21s td Third..... 608 01 40s 6d 328 Cd COAL MARKET. Price per ton at the closeof the market. s. d. S. 6 Lambert's W.Hartley 16 3 South Hetton Walls End Burn Wa]lsend Haswell l9 6 East Hartlep00l Walls End Hetton 19 6 Original Hartlepool Hetton Lyons 17 0 Thornley 17 19 6 Russell's Hettou... 17 6 Tees Ships at market, 43—sold. 37. By news from Melbourne, of the 27th Feb., W e learn that a conference of colonial representativ es is to take place this month on the subject of postal communication with Europe; and in support of th e Panama route. News from Vienna states that the Austrian Go vernment resolved to appoint a special commission this week to make arrangements for the adhesion of Austria to the monetary convention between France, Italy, Belgium, and Switzerland. The commission is to be composed of members repre seating the Hungarian asd non-Hungarian pro vinces, and will be presided over by Councillor Von Hock. . _ The Agra Bank has published a report of its re. suscitation, which is considered satisfactory. appears that the claim of the liquidator, Mr. Can" non, amounted to the sum of £38,000 for his Ma" nagement during the interregnum of seven months . This claim was subsequently reduced to £25,000/ which the committee referred to the Court, with 5 request that the liquidator might be fairly and even liberally dealt with. There is an extraordinary ru mour connected with the failure of the Agra Bank' which, if untrue, should be contradicted. It is sa l ' that a promise was given to Mr. M'Grigor, th e director chiefly concerned in the management, that in case of the stoppage of the bank the sum °i £5,000 should be given to him, and that this su °l had been paid by the liquidator. No doubt an ex' planation can be offered, if there is a grain of tru th in the statement. That some directors took advan tage of their priority of knowledge of the difficulti es into which many concerns bad fallen, to profit by Ol t sale of shares in the undertakings is probable, h° we think it improbable that a premium had W I guaranteed to any one to break down a compalli•,,,, I - ADVERTISEMENT.] - Holloway's Ointment and ri,'", - countoi act most diseases. Causes which determine t,"," health or sickness of large communities should be care fu l investigated, and when possible they should be reinoir.ai: When this is impracticable, baneful effects should be 03 , 1 ,„ gated by such well-known purifiers and healers as 11 01 .""„f way's Pills and Ointment. They prove in the hands '''„f all sufferers the greatest boon when health is the objea t fe ",, search, and when immediate restoration is the only s 3 guard against continued indispositions. Holloway's 1. 0 , medies will succeed under the most unfavourable circus" stances, in casting out all impurities, strengthening ev` i j c , weakness, and regulating any disordered functions• ic t i, medicine can equal them for advancing the public he and protecting delicate persons from unnecessary pain' Births. HEncY—On the 11th inst., at Windsor, the wife of `r. J.° Hercy, Esq., of a son. S TAND URY—On the 11th inst., at Gloster House, 1 1 ° 11° slow, the wifo of Fred. Staubury, of a (laughter. SELBY—On the 12th inst., at 51, Clifton-road, St. John wood, the wife of S. B. J. Selby, Esq., of a son. Marriages. ANSTIE —W INTERBOTH AM—On the 11th inst., at Sbort; wood, Gloucestershire, James A nstie, of Lincoln's-0j; barrister-at-law, to Annie, youngest daughter 0 1 Winterbotham, of Stroud, banker. isb j , LAKEMAN—IIITGIIES On the 13th inst., at the r church of St. John's, Hackney, Mr. H. B. Lakello ° ',D, 3, Rochester-square, Camden-road, to Catherine Ilanloo, only daughter of the late Mr. Arthur J. Hughes, a r° bury-terrace, Lower Clapton. Deaths. Dix—On the 11th inst., at 224, Camden-road, Mr. Dix, formerly of Limehouse, aged 63. rl' EDMONDS— On the 11th inst., at Belle Vu e, Fulham, - Edmonds, Esq., aged 68. LONG—On the 12th inst., at Richmo nd, Surrey, d T e -1 the wife of Mr. William Long, aged 66. R EYNOLDS —O n the 9th inst., at Prato, near Florence, Miss Jane Caroline Reynolds, aged 65. London: Printed and Published by WILLIAM ANII,I/1' of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at TUE SUN °Moe , Of Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, Illidaleses.—Tuesday, April 16, 1867, in the 000