The Sun. — London, England, 1867-07-16 00:00:00

The Trial of Berezowski• PARIS, Monday. In conformity with an order of the Indictment Chamber of the Imperial Court, dated 4th instant, Antoine Berezowski was brought up to-day for trial at the Assize Court of the Seine, accused of having attempted to assassinate the Emperor of Russia on the Gth June last. The case for the prosecution was conducted on behalf of the Government by the Procureur Gene ral de Mamas, and that for the defence by M. Emanuel Arago. Twenty-four witnesses were sum moned for the prosecution, and some few persons were called to rebut the accusation. The pistol with which the attempt was perpe trated was laid upon the table of the court. It is a double barrel, the left barrel being shattered and split down the centre. The proceedings commenced with the reading of the following act of indictment : " Upon the 6th June last a grand review was held by the Emperor at the race ground of Longcharups in honour of the foreign Sovereigns then at Paris. "At half-past 4 p.m., immediately after the final -manoeuvres, his Majesty entered an open carriage to return to the Tuileries. He was seated on the left-hand side at the back of the vehicle, the Em peror of Russia occupied the seat on the right, and the two Grand Dukes were placed in the front. On arriving in front of the cascade the cortege passed into the Allee de la Vierge to the right on account of the block existing in the avenue upon the left, and followed it as far as Chemin des Reservoirs. Relieved of the obstacles which had hitherto re tarded its progress, the carriage began to drive more ' rapidly, when M. Rainbeaux, equerry to the Empe ror, who rode at the door by his Majesty's side, suddenly perceived upon his left a person holding both his hands above the shoulders of his neighbours. " By a sudden inspiration, yet without suspecting evil designs, he pushed his horse rapidly forward. At the same instant a loud report was heard. Two pistol shots were simultaneously fired at the Imperial carriage. " But Providence had defeated this attempt. The projectile that issued from the right barrel had struck M. Rainbeaux's horse in the head, a little below the left eye, and had been arrested there, after having penetrated to a depth of six centimetres into the bony processes. " The pistol having burst through over-charge, the other projectile had remained in the left barrel. It was a lump of lead, cylindrical in form, about 19 millimetres long, and weighing 16 grammes. The delinquent, hurt in the hand by the fragment of his weapon, was immediately seized ; but energetic and prolonged efforts were required to save him from the fury of the crowd, which, mingling cries for vengeance with repeated shouts of Vive l'Em pereur desired to do summary justice on the spot. " During this time the person arrested seemed to have lost consciousness. When he recovered speech in the carriage conveying him to the Prefecture of Police, he stated that his name was Antoine Bere zowski, a Pole, a refugee in France since 1865. " Investigation has shown that, notwithstanding the opposition of his father, a teacher of the piano in Russia, and without any personal cause of dissatis faction, Bcrezowski entered the ranks of the Polish insurrection in 1863. He figured there scarcely over a few weeks, after which he retired to Gallicia, where he lived about a year. When that province was placed in a state of si e g e by the Austrian Go vernment, he passed into Germany, then to Belgium, and at the beginning of 1865 came to Paris, asking , hospitality and assistance from France. An appli cation he made some time afterwards to the Russian Embassy for a passport seems to show that he de sired to return to his country. It is not exactly known why this project failed, but the accused con tinued to reside inParis,alternating between employ ment as a working mechanician iu various workshops and being a pupil at the Jaufret institution, living, a self-contained life, holding aloof reedit his com rades, even from his c o untr y men ; gy devour ing books calculated to intensify the sentiments to which he was about soon to give himself up. Since August 13th, 1866, he had been employed by the firm of Gouin, where he had already worked at two different periods, when towards the close of April the report spread that the Emperor Alexander would soon visit France. Criminal intentions no doubt agitated the mind of the accused at this period. On the 30th April he left the house of Gouin, alleging illness, and passed the month of May in complete inactivity. " On the 27th May he visited Morny, in the de partment of Oise, the object of which has remained unexplained. But he returned to Paris on June Ist, and was at the Northern Railway station upon the arrival of the Czar. Berezowski only saw in the con fidence of the Sovereign who entrusted himself to the loyalty of the population a means of satisfying his scheme of vengeance, and merely sought a favourable opportunity to carry it into effect. " He was with this object in the neighbourhood of the. Opera on the night of June 4, waiting for the egress of their Majesties, and perfidiously mingling with the groups most vociferous in their shouts. He followed the cortege at a run to the Elys6e Palace, uttering cries of Vive l'Empereur,' and more and more ascertaining the facility he might have in ap proaching the carriage of the Czar. He fixed upon the day of the review, ordered to take place upon the 6th, for the execution of the attempt upon which he had resolved. " The allowance of 35f. which he received monthly from the Administration, and which he had not ne glected to draw upon the 3d June, furnished him with another small sum he obtained elsewhere, with the necessary resources to procure the instruments for the crime. " Towards 2 p.m. upon the sth he bought from the gunsmith Bruneville for Bf. the double-barrelled pistol which was found at his feet in the Bois de Boulogne, and he procured at the same time five bullets and a box of caps. In the evening he pur chased powder at another shop, and looked in several journals for the information it was necessary lie should have about the review of the morrow. " Early upon the 6th he occupied himself in mak ing projectiles different to the bullets that had been sold him, which he thought too small for the bore of his pistol ; he cast two slugs and rammed them up on the charge of powder by forcing them down with a steel tool. Thus armed he left about ten o'clock, after breakfast, to take the train at the Batignolles, which would bring him to the Bois de Boulogne. Before entering the station he stopped at a wine merchant's, a countryman, drank a glass of Ver mont, and left a paletot to be taken charge of, in the pocket of which a work upon Poland was found con taining the oath of Kilenski upon a page turned down. " Upon reaching Longchamps he saw the Sove reigns before the front of the troops without being able to get near them. But the block which must inevitably occur at the close of the review could not fail to furnish him with the opportunity he sought; and posting himself upon one of the slopes that sur round the grand cascade, he would be able to follow with his eye the movements of the Imperial carriage, and repair rapidly iu the direction where he should see it advance. It was there, in fact, that he se himself upon the watch. " From this point he perceived the carriage co veying the two Emperors enter at a walk Alice de la Vierge. lle rushed in that direction cutting by the shortest route across the wood, thinly scattered at this point of the Alice de la Vierge, and the road to the reservoirs. " Hidden then behind the inquisitive spectators, he supported his arm upon the shoulders of one of their number, the Sieur Bouneau, and holding his pistol with both hands, pressed both hands at once. He would have made at least one victim without the providential interposition of the fact that caused his execrable attempt to fail. .It has been possible, in fact, to ver if y by the height of the woun d inflicted horizontally upon M. Itainbeaux's horse, and by the position the animal occupied relative to Berezowski, that if the slug whicirstruck it ' had not been thus stopped in its course it would have reached the breast of one of the two Sovereigns ' • and one can not reflect witho u t a shudder upon the injury the second slug might have caused when one thinks of :o the the angle which would have been taken in the ordi nary course by the direction of the two projectiles. " Berezowski has admitted all the facts relating to the preparations for and the execution of his crime, iic haz merely endeavoured to maintain, w ithout being absolutely refuted by evidence, that he only wished to hit the Czar, ing him self to giving the Emperor and France a w arning. With regard to the Czar, he has expressed himself in the most violent terms, declaring that he has done nothing but his duty in fulfilling a vow he made to himself at the age of 16. War, he asserts, has not ceased between Russia and Polandgives him rights he has not exceeded, and which he regrets not to have satisfied. If the act were to do again he w ould be ready to do it. Ile is only guilty, he has added, towards France, whose hospitality he has be trayed by not respecting the Sovereign who was also her guest. " The crime committed by Berezowski has excited a feeling of horror throughout France, and has re volted every hones t and generous heart in this country. All are eager to see it severely stigmatised by the verdict of the jury. " Antoine Berezowski is therefore accused of hav ing committed an attempt at homicide with preme ditation upon the parson of the Emperor Alexander in the Bois de Boulogne upon June 6, 1867, which a ttempt, shown by a commencement at execution, has only failed in its effect through circumstances independent of the will of its author. This crime is provided for by Arts. 2 and 302 of the Penal Code." After the reading of the indictment the counsel for the defence dessired the Court to take note that when Berezowski was brought to the Prefecture of Police all the witnesses to be now heard for the prosecution had been questioned in the Russian language by M. Souwaroff, director of the Russian police. The Procureur-General then made his speech in support of the case against the prisoner. The jury found Berezowski guilty of an attempt at homicide with extenuating circumstances, and he was sentenced to transportation for life. The " Bound Table" on the Country Papers of America. The reviewer notices the essential difference o . New York newspapers from those of other American cities, which is so great that persons accustomed to learn from the one the news of the previous twenty-four hours will find themselves hopelessly at fault when they attempt the same thing through the medium of others. This is due to the fact that New York is the focus where all the rays of intel ligence aro concentrated, especially from Europe. From that focus all the other journals derive their intelligence, which renders them " scrappy," and, as it were, second-hand in their news. The evil is aggravated by allowing news matter to fall into hopeless confusion, being left, as it appears to the writer, to be arranged by the printers, who group facts in a chaos, without reference to chronological or other sequence. This is more noticeable and unavoidable in the old-fashioned large page, where editorials, correspondence, telegrams, local news, miscellany, advertisements, puffs, follow each other in bewildering confusion. To every general rule there are exceptions ; and the two exceptions noticed by the reviewer are the Springfield Republican and the Philadelphia Ledger. In no paper, says the writer, home or foreign, with which we are acquainted, is space used to better ad vantage than in these two. The Ledger is THE advertising medium of Philadelphia, circulating as the cheap paper of the city in five out of six dwell ings in it, and with no space that it can afford to waste in " display lines" in the foolish telegrams manufactured for the purpose of filling up, or in anything not absolutely requisite to its readers. For the same reason its editorials and miscellany are admirably compact. The Springfield Republican has to reconcile the various difficulties of bringing within moderate compass what shall maintain its position in the various capacities of the family paper of New England, the informant of Yankees in all parts of the world of what is going on at their homes, and the leader of a school of politics that may be approximately designated as Conservative Liberal. To satisfy these requirements it must have light reading and miscellany for the home circle ; re 511711.3 of literary, religious, local, political, and general intelligence ; the scope of its editorial writing must be as comprehensive as that of a New York daily, yet its space is far less. It is by sheer force of system and conciseness that all these features are combined in a manner which makes the Republican the model for provincial journals throughout the country . . A satisfactory estimate of the number and condition of country papers is difficult to form. There are altogether about 5,000 papers, inclusive of the several edi tions printed by many of them, or about 4,000 offices whence papers are issued. Of these pro bably 2,500 belong to the class of country papers circulating only in their respective States, often in only two or three counties. " The proper sphere of such publications is not difficult to determine. They should give full ac counts of all local events—county courts, public meetings, village societies, crops, improvements of 1 all kinds, new roads, new houses built, all transac tions in real estate—such accounts as shall enable their absent readers to keep fresh their knowledge of the condition of their homes, and shall suffice to acquaint curious strangers with the resources and enterprise of places they have never seen. Beyond this they should keep their home readers au fait in matters of state interest—public institutions and public works, legislative and political proceedings, improvements, present and prospective, the subjects of attention in the various towns and sections of the state. They should further, in their capacity of family papers, provide market news for the farmers, and for them, their wives and children, general reading judiciously apportioned between the in structive and the amusing, neither becoming too heavy for their patience, nor descending to the sen timental sensationalism of the flash weeklies, or the records of crime of the police gazettes. Finally— for the limits of country journals will not admit, nor do the wants of people who read none others require, exhaustive news details—an account should be given of the leading events of the day in as con densed a form as is compatible with clearness and accuracy, say to the extent of one or two columns each week, not of disconnected scraps, but of co herent narrative without comment. " The editor of the country paper can command success by giving his paper sufficient excellence. Let him, by studying good models and using his space to the best advantage in the manner we have indicated earlier in this article, render his paper a necessity to the people of the region in which it is published. Thus it will secure a sure local circula tion in every family of its region, which must be followed by remunerative advertising and conse quent indep en d ence . B u t the practical obst acles to such a course are very great and veryPutnerous. They are due primarily to the same inordinate mul tiplication which we noted as the cause of the feebleness of the Episcopal press. If the editor makes a stand ewhatady to i s is had to rivals ready u l n li c s ler d b u id e, whatever means. him m cour b s y e he demands . proper pay ment for his adverti • sing it is taken to some one who will do it cheaper none ; if he d ec li nes l o l ' and he is left with lave his duties • t rupted by every go:,sippingln ir lounger it i is attributed to hauteur, and his popularity that of his journal is destroyed; if he demands an' pay ment it is taken in dudgeon ; ifh prompt e pursues an in dependent course in any local or general issue there is a defection amonamonghis readers to a sheet of less principle and more ready of ' compliance ; if he re fuses to lend his own to venal purpoes a hundred expedients can be employed to break it down or exalt its rival. This state of things has tended in evitably to the deterioration of the country press and of the class of men who are willing to work upon it." The reviewer's account of the melancholy condi tion of the country press--if it were not melancholy, would be amusing. The village paper generally falls into the hands of three classes of men--first, the aimless, spiritless, "nc'er-do-weels," who, after essaying other occupati ms in vain, and failing as school-masters, store-kee_ ers, or itinerant ministers, have subsided into ed,iting ; next, docile factotums of aspiring politicians o, r political cliques, by whom they are provided with facilities for grinding the party axe in such planner as they please ; or ambitious printers who :run newspapers as tenders to their job—printing establishments. In any case, the representative editor is at best a half-educated man, whose position inspires him, not with a sense of its responsibility, but with an inflated self-importance that tempi`o him to handle subjects he is unable to grasp, and use words and allusions of whose significance he is ignorant. The making a good paper is the thing furthest from his thoughts or his capacity. Either he wishes to get as much return from it as possible with the least expenditure of money and trouble, or he is singly bent on political propagandism or the nursing of his printing business, and leaves the paper to take care of itself, content, if, after saying what he wished to say, he can fill it with words enough, it matters ' little what, to complete its pages. " There are papers which one may scan vainly week after week in quest of an original line, and whose columns are mere repositories for puffs and meaningless scissorsings. There are others which open with ponderous leading articles transferred entire from city journals and entirely inapplicable in their new setting, or with not less ponderous ones whose fallacies and inconsequential vul garity are conclusive of their originality. Of this class is that dreariest of journalistic mons trosities—the country political paper. This usually has in progress a ' controversy' with some ' vile and filthy sheet,' and devotes columns of gross and puerile abuse to its demolition, or to the mainte nance of prejudices and tenets long since exploded, and only lingering in the sluggish recesses of the unenlightened rustic mind. The remainder of the sheet will be filled with stray paragraphs of eulogy upon its own partisans or of forgotten slanders and misrepresentations of its opponents, occasionally supplemented by the congressional speech of our distinguished representative' or an election tirade by our gifted townsman.' Little better than this actively offensive class is another, whose chief characteristic is colourless vacuity. Its chronicle of local events deals with precisely those which are of no importance—eggs and vegetables and cattle of surpassing bigness, storms whose like has not been witnessed by the oldest inhabitant, tradesmen's signs of unparalleled splendour, eloquent examina tion essays by the scholars' of the village boarding school, laudations of shopkeepers' enterprise, evi dently written or inspired by the shopkeepers them selves—but nothing that leaves its home readers wiser than before or acquaints those abroad with anything beyond the utter insipidity of a com munity content with this literary diet. The other idepartments will be, if possible, worse ; column of Wit and Wisdom' older than Joe Miller, another of the travelling items which have mostly months before been shown to be false in fact, a poem or two by village poets who are likened to Tennyson to the laureate's disadvantage —Swinburne having not as yet been heard of—and the remainder a pure muddle of murders, robberies, love stories, and corrupting bosh—the whole recal ling the Paris editor's explanation whence be got his intelligence : ' From the newspapers.' Where do the newspapers get it ?' From other newspapers.' But who is the first author of it?' Nobody.' " Bad as such papers arc, one who has ever seen the progress of their manufacture can hardly find it in his heart to blame the poor editor. The writer once found himself in a village whose weekly sheet he was familiar with, and in which occasionally ap peared brief editorial articles, whose pointed common sense was so strikingly at variance with the general calibre that it seemed worth while to make a visit to the sanctum for the solution of the. anomaly. Sanctum, printing-office, and press-room were all compressed into a single loft. There the editor, amid cobwebs, litter, and a scanty pile of ex changes' which included the Tribune as the sole paper of value, wrote whatever was to be written— advertisements for illiterate applicants, puffs, obi tuary notices, and what local news he found time to gather—aLd then, assisted only by a small boy, put it in type himself, made up the paper, printed its four hundred copies on a hand-press, ' distributed' its type to be set up again for the other side of the sheet, folded, directed, mailed or personally delivered the paper to its village subscribers. Such evidence might amply account for all shortcomings, b o u f t h t s e r f e o u w r e r h e u o u t d h r e e r d didifficulties h n e o l editorss f s o a r i m d dmaba many w fohoua e rdt nt etno t d o peopleyears, who nehgme had teehoaeun lasdmo ofunuonontit atdiscontinuek paid ianlrgeaca their sdyh d s pu u tae b hy, s emw : eh i o t oe s . ile nts of hfri preparation, theap paper firstw the goo papergood as it dealers.o ought g ht to H b e e, k abj e ct su w nt t r h a t p i a o r n t , i and a u n d e next, me to d in e e v l o u t d e e t d o as pla n c o e t , he as had es, his subscribers nt had to preserve strict neutrality, evading all topics which might give offence to either, and thereby acquiring the hearty sympathy of none • Very few people in the village advertised, and when they did they preferred the paper of the neighbouring whose circulation in the almostvillage own ; and of the advertisements in the paper a large part were dead'—that is, had exceeded the time for which they were ordered, and were inserted without expectation of payment in order to fill space—while many more were taken from advertis ing agents largely below the proper rates, and often payable in goods worthless to himself, and which he disposed of at a still further discount. It was only by dint of his ' jobbing,' he added, that he man aged to live, and sometimes the demands it made upon him were such that he could do little for the paper, while, if he stopped the latter, his other business would decline." Although an extreme case, the reviewer main tains that this is the condition of some hundreds of papers, and he goes on minutely to point out the worry to which the editor is subjected, and the remedies. He gives a most amusing sketch of the position the village inhabitants take up with regard to their unfortunate drudge, the editor. He shows how his time is occupied, his office being a lounge for the idle : the course he should pursue is imper tinently dictated. Inventors urge the publication of thLiz labour—saving machines—on the score of a duty he owes to the public. He must adopt the grievances of his subscribers. He must notify their family occurrences of interest, though it costs him more to put their marriages, &c., into type than a yearly subscription, if paid, amounts to. In a word, the editor must be liberal and large-minded while all with whom he has to deal are close-fisted and narrow. His power to give publicity through his paper has been laboriously and expensively ac quired, and is so thoroughly a piece of business pro perty that it were no more unreasonable to demand of him five dollars from his scanty purse than to ask him to do without return that whence his liveli hood is derived. That is, people who would bit terly resent an imputation that they had in any way forfeited their independence are habitually guilty of pertinacious beggary from men much poorer than themselves ; and so thoroughly has this pervaded society that we find it participated in not only by respectable organisations of all kinds and by railroad and steamboat companies, which know that an editor will rather advertise their time-tables at rates by which he is a loser than drive his readers to look for the information in another paper, but even the Governments of most of the States and the post-office authorities of the United States are guilty of the same petty ex actions, ..,ffering their public printing at unre munerative rates, relying on its acceptance partly on the score of the honour of a designation as the official paper, partly on that of the presumed gene ral interest in the matter advertised. The Govern ment, we should add, is guilty of a still further meanness that weighs heavily on the slender re sources of country publishers, by habitual and pro tracted disregard of its obligations, an instance of which we saw recently in the case of a bill for $1.3 rendered for public advertising done in a country paper in the spring of 18G5, and which after two years' delay was returned with a deduction of several dollars and the first of the signatures necessary to its payment. The reviewer considers that " the excessive compe tition of half-a-dozen newspapers struggling for a livelihood wherever there is room for one has de- moralised editors, advertisers, and the public alike." ' He notices many little sheets printed in unheard-of villages, which combine many of the excellencies that should mark a country journal. They are, however, only to be met among the files of ex changes of a large newspaper office. Such journals eventually acquire influence and esteem in their neighbourhood, and consequently the pecuniary return and command of the advertising market. The editorial associations originating in New Jersey and now established in the Northern and Western States might be utilised for the suppression of many of the abuses beneath which the country press is almost crushed. It is through the want of such associate action that the United States are flooded with so many wretched sheets, which, though not worth the paper whereon they are printed, are yet able by diverting subscribers to prevent a worthy enterprise from gaining a consistency sufficient to insure success, and which, from the coarseness and ignorance of the men employed upon them, drive better ones from the profession. X•scellaneous Foreign News. On the morning of the 22d June the Presiden left New York for Boston. Notwithstanding the early hour crowds assembled, and the President had to submit to the usual hand-shaking process. At Springfield the President made his first little speech, when he thanked the people of Massachusetts for the welcome given, expressing his devotion to the whole country. At 5 o'clock the party reached Boston, where they were received and escorted to Tremont House by the Mayor, the civil authorities, and the militia. The President was serenaded in the evening, when he spoke from the balcony of the hotel. The courtesy and cordial reception extended to him by the Bay State had indelibly impressed his heart. He had it in his power to declare that the bow of peace was set in the cloud,—that the day was coming when Reason and Truth would regain their empire, when a sense of justice and a re deeming spirit would again unite the people. He retired, bidding them " Good night," and invoking the best blessing of Heaven to rest upon their heads. Mr. Seward followed. had the President, he said, known the responsibilities that would devolve on him in ac cepting office he would have endeavoured to escape from them. He went onto state that N ature designed that the whole Continent would one day be in cluded in the Union, and that the " Stars and Stripes" would wave over every portion of North America. The visit has been a success, and may perhaps be productive of good. The Bostonians received Mr. Johnson as their guest, with a genuine American kindliness and hospitality. Nowhere else in the States have some of his late acts been more strongly condemned, yet, he would have been a keen observer who could have detected anything in the cordial reception extended to their Chief Magis trate that showed in the slightest degree a hostile feeling. Mr. Johnson was surprised and touched. On all sides he saw around him the evidences of the highest civilisation in America, and, perhaps, for the first time he began to appreciate truly the causes from which spring the powerful influence of this State over the Continent. In thus honouring Mr. Johnson, Massachusetts does herself the highest honour. The President left Boston on his return to Washington at an early hour Wednesday, the 26th of June. At Thomsonville, Connecticut, he was met and welcomed by Governor English, where he briefly responded to the greetings of the State officers. At Hartford, which he reached in the afternoon, he was introduced to the members of the Legislature. Speeches were made, but little was said of interest. The President afterwards reviewed the State troops, and in the evening more lengthy speeches were made both by Mr. Johnson and by Mr. Seward. Mr. Johnson repeated what he had before so emphatically stated as his opinion, and in which we trust he is a true prophet, that " a new era of good-will is being commenced, and that our people, north and south, east and west, begin to look for a restoration of peace." On Thursday the Presidential par t y visited `Yule College at Newhaven. In reply to an en thusiastic reception by the students, a few kindly words were spoken. At a late hour that evening the party left. Newhaven, reaching Jersey City at 4.30 on Friday morning. They proceeded direct South by the fast train. Mr. Johnson refused to remain in Philadelphia, which he was invited to do, but in Baltimore both he and Secretary Seward made their longest speeches, though still unmarked by any political significance. Both again repeated the prophecy that the bitter political disputes will have a speedy and peaceful ending. New York, that had hoped to extract a fuller expression of opinion from the President on his return, was dis appointed, but much satisfaction is expressed by the judicious conduct o f the President dur ing this tour, and its effect has been most favourable to his in fluence throughout the States. The Royal Mail st eamshi p Persia arrived at Queenstown last Sat urda y , with 175 cabin passen gers and $15 2 , 266 in s p ecie, and on the same day the Louisiana. On Sunday the extra Cunarder Tarifa arrived with 125 passengers. On Monday the Weser reached Southampton, from New York on the 27th ult., wit h 136 p assen g ers and $ 119,404 . The Ilammonia, from New York on the 29 th ult., arrived next day wi th 140 p assen g ers a n d $ 284 , 191 92 passengers and $175,000. for France and $18,972 for Hamburgh. At mid night, on Monday , the Cit y o f Bo ston reached The Qu Pereireeenstow was at Brest on Monday, h av i ng l e ft Queenstown, with New York on the 29 t h ult., with 258 passngers and 1,500,000 francs i n s p ecie. The Guion steamer Nebraska arrived at Queenstown early on Wednes day morning, with 45 cabin and 44 steerage pas sengers. On the previous night, when about four miles off Cork harbour, she sank a fishing smack lying at anchor without lights, when five out of the seven hands on board were drowned. The Queen on the same d a y reached the same port. The Cunard steamer China, from Boston and Halifax, arrived at Queenstown yesterday morning, with 187 cabin passengers and $196,807. The New York and Havre Steamship Company's steamer Arago, Capt. Gadsden, left Falmouth for New York at 2 p.m. on Thursday, taking 31 bags of mails and 40 pas sengers, in addition to 217 from Havre. On Thursday, the 4th, the Manhattan reached New York, and the St. David, St. Andrew, and Etna arrived on Friday, the sth instant. On the 6th the Saxonia and on the 7th the City of London arrived out, as well as the Hansa and Aleppo. On the next day, the Bth, arrived the Guiding Star, the Hibernian, the Vera Cruz, and Britannia, and on the 9th the Royal mail steamer Scotia. On the 10th the Atlanta and Pennsylvania reached New York. By the China we learn that it was reported in New York that a majority of the Judiciary Com mittee are preparing a report recommending Con gress to assemble in October, to consider the im peachment of President Johnson. The day for this sort of thing has gone by, and little reliance can be placed on such reports. The grand jury at Albany has, after a secret ses sion of nearly two weeks, brought in an indictment against' General George W. Cole, of Syracuse, for the murder of Mr. Iliacock. The trial will take place before the November term of the court. The accounts of Indian outrages continue to be received from Colorado and Dacotah. General Sherman has divided his military command into the three departments of Dricotah, under General Terry ; the Platte, under General Augur ; and the Missouri, under General Hancock. The Governors of the States and Territories are requested to communicate with these commanders, and Gene ral Sherman adds, that if each will or ganise a regiment of horse, they will be called out in case of emergency by these com manders, and when thus employed will be mustered into the army, and paid as United States troops. As yet the war has not been very successful. The road has been cleared along the Union Pacific Rail way from Omaha, but the savages have been pressed down to the lower line, through the Smoke) , hill country, where they have driven off the workmen and interrupted travel. The Red Men appear then to have proceeded further South, as a strong force pushed along this line reports it clear and the Indians gone. General Sherman, after making this disposition of his force, left for St. Louis, where he now is. The Indians in Kansas and Nebraska have recommenced hostilities, and attacked forts Wallace and Harker, but were repulsed. Santa Anna's movements in Mexico are now given in a consistent and reliable form. It ap pears that he landed at Vera Cruz, where he an nounced to the Imperial officers commanding that he came, backed by the authority of the United States, who would furnish him with all the men and means he required to place himself on Maxi milian's throne as Emperor of Mexico. He also published a proclamation to the Yucatectos, invit ing them to join his standard, stating that they would receive news of him from Vera Cruz. He asked the garrison of Vera Cruz to declare for him, and to surrender the city into his hands. After a consultation, the Imperialists declined his offer. It appears that he actually obtained possession of the principal fort, the castle of San Juan d'Alloa, of which the commander recognised him as Presi dent. The castle was recovered by an artful dodge of the Imperialists, who sent there a squad of twenty-five men as a guard of honour for the General, whom they forcibly returned to the Virginia. Captain Roe was then at the port with the United States ship Tacony, and he appears to have con sulted Captain Murray, of H.M.'s navy. Aware that Santa Anna was unjustifiably using the name of the United States to further his revolutionary objects, the commanders decided on removing him 'rom Mexico. Commander Roe had simply in (3rtned Santa Anna that The world was all before him where to choose" but the Paradise of Mexico, which road was blocked to the veteran traitor. Santa Anna, under any guidance but that of Providence, appears to have made a rapid journey in the downward direction. He had left for Cuba, but he was pursued by the Liberals and overtaken off Sisal. The Virginia was boarded, and Santa Anna removed. This repeats the Trent affair, which nearly set the world in flames ; but nobody looks for either law or sense in the acts of Mexicans, and although the captain and officers of the Virginia have filed a protest, Secretary Seward will use the occasion mainly with reference to the political position he intends to take up towards the restored Republic of Mexico. A son of Santa Anna also addressed a protest to the United States Consul at Ilayannah against the seizure of his father, de manding prompt and ample reparation. The Go vernment at Washington has forwarded instructions on this subject to its Minister in the City of Mexico. But the Liberals seem to have settled all future questions about Santa Anna. Doubtless the United States would have compelled them to return their prisoner, but they solved anticipated difficulties by the Mexican device of trying their captive by a court-martial and shooting him when covered even by this semblance of law. If there were not a crop of ready-made Mexican brigands who spring up like weeds in a rank soil, we might soon hope at this rate of extinction to see the end of the desperadoes. General Sickles has issued an order shutting up all the bars, and revoking all the licences for selling liquor in Charleston. He seized the Savings Bank at Charleston for refusing to pay interest on de• posits of the national soldiers before the war. Governor Browulow has issued a proclamation, declaring that the County Courts of Tennessee have no power to appoint officers of the State elections. He has ordered the militia to enforce the new fran chise law, excluding all participants in the rebellion. At Savannah several prominent citizens have de manded to be registered as voters, notwithstanding their part in the rebellion, on exhibiting a pardon from the President. General Hayes, a Republican and Free-trader, has been nominated on the Republican ticket for Governor of Ohio. He was an eminent lawyer practising at the Cincinnati bar, and proposed by the unanimous choice of the people for the post of Judge of the Superior Court of Cincinnati when the war broke out, which honour he resigned to enter the 23d Ohio Volunteers as captain, to which grade he was elected by the company. Ile rose by his ser vice in the field until he obtained the command of a division. When the present Governor of Ohio, Mr. Cox, was elected, the soldiers of his division, composed of Ohio troops, met and nominated him, but the General declined the honour. A writer in America calls him a brave and excellent soldier, a pure citizen, a cultivated gentleman, and a thorough scholar. General Butler is likely to lose his office of Pre sident of the " National Asylum for Disabled Soldiers" unless he can be again elected. This office became vacant according to law when Butler accepted his seat in Congress. He had sufficient influence to induce Congress to pass an Act ex pressly for his relief; but, notwithstanding this, the Comptroller of the Treasury has decided that he cannot legally retain the post. The examination of the witnesses for the prose cution ou the trial of Surratt had not been concluded at the time of our last advices. There still re mained twenty, some important, and it was there fore thought that the prosecution would not be closed so early as the Government anticipated. The evidence taken for the weekending June 29, further proves that Surratt was in Washington on the day of the assassination, and throws some light on his after movements. Secretary Seward's two sons, George W. Robinson, Mr. Seward's nurse, detective Baker, John M. Lloyd, the keeper of the tavern at Surratville, a rendezvous of the conspi rators, and several other of the leading witnesses have given their testimony. Among them was General Grant who, on Wednesday, 26th ult., was called on to prove that J aco b T hompson had been an officer in the rebel army, with the view of establishing the fact that Booth and Harold were by him supplied with funds. On Thursday, the 27th, Lewis W. Weichmann, who had been John Surratt's schoolfellow, went through a lengthy exa mination. He had been connected with the Surratt family as lodger, and afterwards as boarder at Mrs. Surratt's house, where he constantly met Surratt, Booth, Payne, Harold, and Atzerodt. This testi mony was full and minute as it had been at the assassination trial, where Weichmann was a prin cipal witness. IVeichmann's character has been attacked by the defence, and his reputation in Washington is shown to be bad. He is said to have been a spy of the Government, and to have been a liar and a peculator. His testimony, however, is circum stantial, consistent, and complete. He acknowledged that he had sworn falsely on the assassination trial. It was shown by 4 the defence that Lloyd, the hotel keeper, was a drunkard, and that he had. been drunk on the day of the assassination. Lloyd had sworn on the conspiracy trial, to conversations with Mrs. Surratt on that day, and that she had brought arms to his house, for which Booth and Harold had called on the very night of the murder. The case against Surratt grows stronger the more narrowly it is in vestigated, and unless something very unlooked-for occurs in the defence, the prisoner can have but little hope of breaking down the strong body of evidence. Ge nera l B ut l er s till a tt e nds the trial, and remains as firmly as ever convinced that Mrs. Surratt was innocent of the crime for which she was executed, and that Lloyd's evidence proves this. Sheridan, the fiery general, continues to make history at a railroad pace. The President directed him to extend the registration inNew Orleans and the State of Louisiana until the Ist August, unless he had good reasons to the contrary, which he would report for the President's iuformation. To this Sheridan re plied through General Grant, protesting against the re-opening the registry lists. " The registration, he says, will be completed at the time specified, unless I am ordered to carry out the law under Mr. Stanberry's interpretation, which, practically in registration, is opening a broad macadamised road for perjury and fraud to travel on. I regret that I should have to differ with the President, but it must be recollected that I have been ordered to execute a law to which the President has been in bitter antagonism." General Grant replied, but did not allow what h wrote to become public, still it is believed, that he was annoyed at such a tone on the part of one of his subordinates towards the bead of the nation. In the meantime new complications are arising. Mr. Wells has given the President two or three days more in which to act in the matter of his deposition, fail ing which he will himself announce by pro clamation that lie is the lawful Governor of Louisiana, and that the officer appointed by the General is a usurper. lle will therein instruct the subordinate State officers to pay no attention to the orders of Mr. Flanders. Ile states that such action is clearly lawful under the interpretation of the Re construction Act by the Attorney-General, and in this he is borne out by the opinion of several pro minent New Orleans lawyers. The excitement in New Orleans is further heightened by the declara tion of the newly-appointed Mayor that the large amount of City Bonds issued by the City Treasurer is illegal ; the City Treasurer, on the contrary, maintaining their legality. The issue amounts to $1,250,000, and the effect of the quarrel is seen in the fall of 23- per cent. in the municipal bonds. General Sheridan is called on to decide the question between the contending parties. The General has removed deputy-sheriffs John L. Whitmore, and Constable L. H. \\Tight, of Jefferson, Texas, who refused to execute a warrant legally issued against a murderer. He has also formed a military commission in Louisiana for the trial of a murderer iu which the civil courts failed. He has declared null and void an ordinance of the police jury of Ouachita on the 25th February last, requiring that the informant should be liable for costs in cases of prosecution. The General's plea is that this operates against poor people, especially coloured, and is opposed to the laws of Louisiania. Mayor Haviland, of Galveston, Texas, following Mr. Wells's example, takes refuge behind the Attorney- General's interpretation, and refuses to be removed. It is believed that fresh pressure will be brought to bear on the President on his return to Washington to remove General Sheridan, whom the Democrat papers accuse of bidding by his action for the sup port of the Radical party, with the intention of running for the next Presidency. Advices by the China inform us, that in accordance with positive instructions from President Johnson, the time of the registration of voters in Louisiana has been extended until further notice. By the news, how ever, which that steamer picked up at Halifax to July 4th, bills empowering the military commanders to remove all civil officers at discretion had been introduced into Congress on the 3d. The Figaro published the most circumstantial de tails of the last hours of Maximilian, derived from the Esperanza, a Queretaro paper of June 20. The whole is believed to be a pure invention, although well written and minutely described. The Memorial Dtplomatique gives the most afflicting news from Miramar of the condition of the Empress Charlotte. Her intellect is totally gone, and she remains plunged in a g l oomy rever i e, unconsc i ous o f a ll pass ing around her. Even the news of her husband's execution failed for a moment to rouse her, and as a final experiment she is to be carried to the Palace of Lacken, the scene of her youthful reminiscences. The foreign legion has reached Mobile from Mexico, and Vera Cruz has been captured by the Liberals. Official advices have been received in New York, announcing that the Emperor Maximilian was shot on the 19th June. Juarez had postponed the exe cution for three days. Both the British Consul and Prussian Mi n i s t er h a d strongly protested against it ; the latter assuring Juarez that several crowned heads in Eu ro pe would undertake, if Maxi- Indian's lif e were spared, that he would leave Mexico forthwith. To this Juarez and his Ministers re plied that the safety of the country demanded the execution. Escobedo, who seems to be the most genuine of the tigers, has expressed the hope that before his military career ends he should see the blood of every foreigner in Mexico spilled. It is as well for him, as for the foreigners, that hopes are not daggers, or his military career would have a very speedy termination. The contemptible wretch will probably be assassinated if the turn of events which consigns him to the fate of Maximilian is long delayed. He has declared that he would confiscate the property of all Imperialists. The Quaker City, with its party of American tourists, arrived at Gibraltar on the 29th ult. She left New York on the 10th, under the command of Captain C. Duncan, and, on her way to the Straits, touched at Fayal. The tourists number between 70 and 80. They will proceed from Gibraltar to Marseilles, then to Genoa, to Leghorn, Naples, Malta, Constantinople, Syrmna, Jaffa, and Alex andria. Time will be allowed for a visit to Rome, Jerusalem, and to all points of interest near the ports at which the steamer will call. The expedi tion will not return to New York till the end of October. General Sherman was to have made one of the party, but he has lately returned to St. Louis, after making arrangements to raise all the Indian hair that the scalping knife of the United States soldiers can reach. Mr. Campbell, late Minister from the United States to Mexico, appears to have hit on a new ex cuse for not proceeding when ordered to his post. lie hints that the Government refused to furnish him with the necessary funds. The appointment of his successor has created some surprise, and has been commented on with some severity by the Press; although it may be difficult to secure a trusted and well-known diplomatist for such a post, it will pro bably be the most important of the foreign missions held by a citizen of the States. Of the new Minister the Nation writes :--" Marcus Otterburg, or, as some of his friends or enemies now style him, the " Marquis d'Otterbourg," is a German of the Jewish persuasion, who came to this country a very young man, 1852, with very few acquired advan tages. He is a native of Landau, and we presume had not at that time given much attention to diplo macy, as he began life in his adopted country by opening a small cigar store at Milwaukee. In this business he failed miserably, and was pursued with some vindictiveness by angry creditors. He then, we believe, acted as treasurer for an itinerant thea trical company, of which his wife was one of the stars, and then betook himself to journalism. In this field he figured as advertising agent, and collec tor of ' personal items,' for a small German paper in Milwaukee, in which capacity he earned the grati tude of some prominent Republican politicians, and his claims for a small clerkship were urged earnestly by them on Mr. Lincoln. He was ap pointed Consul to Mexico as a compromise, was well received by Maximilian, but found one thou sand dollars a year too small a sum with which to cut a respectable figure in court circles, and, like a sensible man, resigned. Mr. Seward insisted on his remaining at his post however, and now, we sup pose as a reward of his constancy, has made him minister. For all of this Mr. Otteuburg is in no way to blame, but we think the public will agree with us in thinking that the country has not got so hard beset for public servants that it is forced to draw upon the ranks of German-Jewish immigra tion whenever it wants diplomatists for posts re quiring unusual tact, discretion, and training." The Springfield Republican defends the minister; stating that he was banished from his native country through his Republican instincts, and that he de serves the reward he has obtained for so steadily remaining at his post. A July session is now inevitable and necessary. The majority in Congress, after trying heroically to draw and pass a bill that w ould virtually sweep the existing State governments out of existence and lodge the supreme authority, under the com mander-in-chief, in the hands of the district commanders, succeeded iu passing a bill that left the State governments just where they were, and gave the district commanders hardly any authority whatever which is not possessed by the com manding officer on Governor's Island. Thi s exploit was sufficiently remarkable ; but they achieved one more remarkable than this, for they persuaded Andrew Johnson that the bill they had passed was one of the most frightful laws that ever emanated from a legislative body ; that it put the whole South under the soldier's iron heel, and made each Federal general a pasha, and a pasha, too, un checked by the fear of his master's bowstring. The poor President, under the influence of this halluci nation, sat down and wrote in " lewd p rose " a gor geous and thrilling veto, in which he sh owe d th a t the bill aimed at a clean sweep of constitutional government, and would establish a brutal despotism, and would leave good Americans nothing to live for. In fact, the deception was complete. If the business of Congress was to play practical jokes on Andrew Johnson, the majority of last session would deserve the thanks of the country. As they have higher aims, however, they are going to meet again and try their hands once more. We hope this time they will make the job coin- plete, and put every inch of the South securely in the hands of Federal officers, so that their will shall be law, and the only law, until the work of reconstruction has been done in the manner prescribed by Congress. We think, moreover, a very good use of military power would be the trans portation of Governor Perry and all other obstruc tives to some bright little isle, there to remain, without pen, ink, or paper, till the South is back in the Union. The question before the South just now is not how to conduct a constitu tional government, but how to create one; and all attempts to limit the powers of the mili tary officers by constitutional precedents and doctrines is as absurd as to insist on the architect of the new State capitol taking Cushing's Manual for his guide in drawing the plans. People wil readily forgive Congressmen for their blundering if in the coming session they will confine themselves to a rectification of their blundering in the matter of reconstruction ; but the fact that gold began to rise as soon as it appeared that they were to meet in July is a striking indication of the want of public confidence in their discretion and self-control. The hot weather will, however, probably limit debate and curb zeal, and we shall see the reconstruction machine once more in good working order by the first of August.—The Nation. _ . We are not of those who pretend to a clear idea of the extent of the Indian hostilities at the West or of the prospect of a speedy repression of them. The pub• lished telegrams abound in stories of "battles" and "mas sacres," some of which have been proved to be, in plain language, diabolical inventions. The despatches from the civil officials are filled with apprehension and with censure of the War Department; those from the military comman ders seem to depreciate the danger—which is what we might expect from both parties. But it is painful to observe that all the ferocity displayed proceeds from the civilians, with Governor Hunt at their head. Indeed what some of the good people of Denver indignantly de nounced as calumny in Hepworth Dixon's account of white scalping, is shown to be no calumny at this juncture. Not always, wo do believe, do the far Westerners hold the life of an Indian in as much contempt as the Southerner once held the negro's, but in the hot blood caused by his depredations and violence the savage must not expect mercy, and does not, though wo wish for the American reputation ho might expect to be put to death in a Chris tian manner. He is not, however, so much to be pitied as those who, by warfare with him, are brought down to the same level of brutality ; and for the sake of the genera tion that is educated into familiarity with this bloodshed, of which nobody may boast, it is to ho hoped tho miser able conflict may soon terminate." General Sickles' resignation has not been accepted, and the dispute will probably be decided by Congress. Charges of incompetency have been preferred against Milton Kelley, United States Military Judge of Idaho, by the Territorial Legislature, and delegate to Con gress. The case will be heard at Washington before Attorney-General Stauborry. Colonel R. H. Conwell, formerly of Springfield and lately of Minnesota, will proceed to England, to which country he has been appointed, together with Germany and Denmark, as State emigration agent. General Rousseau will be ordered to his command on returning to Washington with the President. Russian- America has been added to his military district of Oregon and Washington. Samuel Galloway has been nominated on the Republican ticket for State Governor of Ohio. Major Henry O'Connor, the Republican candi date for Attorney-General of lowa, has been appointed to the office in advance of the election to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Attorney-General Bissell. On the 20th of June an inaugurative entertain ment was given by Mr. Childs of the Philadelphia Ledger on the occasion of opening the new building for that journal. A picture of the house is given in Frank Leslie, and judging by this, it must be an ornament to the city. Mrs. Mehitable Radcliffe, an old lady of 84, died at Portsmouth, New Ilatnpshire, a short time since, after having been confined to her bed thirty-four years. Two men who lately escaped from one of the Feejee islands report that Capt. Silas Buchanan and wife and Riley Sweet, all of New London, who sailed in a small vessel from San Francisco for Australia, fifteen years ago, and were supposed to have perished ou the pas sage, aro now alive and are held as captives by the savages on one of those islands. The General Synod of the Reformed Dutch Church, which closed its session lately at Genova, re solved, by a vote of 110 to 8, to drop the word " Dutch" from its title. This action of the Synod has yet to be confirmed by the different classes. The church will then return to its original title —" The Reformed Church of America," hold for almost a century, until the Dutch were conquered by the British, when, by the latter, it was called the "Dutch" Church. COUNTRY MARKETS. COLCHESTER —July 13. This market was moderately supplied with whoat, and little business was done. Last week's prices advanced is per qr. Wheat. white 6Ss 72s Beans, Mazagan......330 3 s red 64s 68s Middle and 5ma11...444 483 Barley ... 428 48s Peas, white 388 425 Oats ..... s grey —Ms 420 CHELMSFORD—JULY 12. The supply.oi wheat was again barely sufficient for con sumptive demand. Prices were firm, and in the faw sales made is per qr advance was obtained on the best kinds. Oats advanced is per qr. All other grain firmly main tained the prices of last week. Wheat, old white....s2s 67s Peas, Partridge 40s 423 new .b3s 71s White ..348 386 old red 518 61s Boiling... . 36s 4 00 new. 538 63s Dun.... —3Bs 400 Barley .. 26s 33s ditto, new....- --8 --° Chevalier 415 538 Beans, Tick, 01d......408 458 Grinding 268 328 new....39s 4 33 Malt 668 743 Harrow ricks.42s 468 Chevalier 68s 76a new.. —4lO 450 1 Oats ... 2os 268 Mazagan . Vs 430 ABERDEEN-JULY 12. At our market to-day there was a quiet business done/ with a thin attendance. Prices for all kinds of grain were on a par with last week White wheat Red wheat 50s 58s 0 0 d d t t o o 6 58 3 5 s 0 0 d d l 621 b bushel. Potato oats 28s Od to 29s Od 26s 6d to 27s Od i. 401 b bushel. Common oats Bore 35s 6d to 36s Gd} . 531 b bushel. Barley 35s 6d to 36s 6d Oatmeal 20s 6d to 21s 6d VI boll of 280115. Flour, fine 52s Od to 54s Od sack of 2801 b• KIRKCALDY—J.I3x 13. Very small supplies of all kinds of grain, which sold slowly at fully late rates. Wheat. Barley. Oats. Fir5t........ 618 Gd ' 33s Ud 31s 6d becond.... 638 Od I—s Od 33s Od Third.-- 64s Od —s Od —8 Od COAL MARKET. - - Price per ton at the closeof the market. d s d. S. Hetton Lyons ........ 17 . 9 West Hartley 6 Walls End Hetton ... 20 6 Hastings Hartley l7 Wylam Tees Haswell Holywell Main l6 6 Ships at market, 23—sold, 22. [ADVERTISEMENT.] Holloway's Pills. The truoSt philosophical spirit of inquiry led to the discovery of thi o priceless medicine and the most unselfish labour and (3%- pens() have been incurred in bringing so great a bo on tl the knowledge and within the reach o f the afflict?,l throughout the world. Every invalid who can read sic understand the plain directions in his own language whit.% are folded round the pills, which should be t aken in VI. doses and at the times distinctly specified therein, vi7131,:i great attention should be paid to diet and many nun, matters; all of which, however, are important, intismuc as they augment the curative powers of the pills, previt, them from disagreeing with the most delicate , and Wl time and suffering. Births. KnicEY—On the 14th inst., Mrs. J. H. Kincey, of a 0411 and heir. MUNDY—On the 14th inst., at Ormsby, Lincolnshire,. the wife of Charles F. M. Mundy, Esq., of a son and heir* 0 STRICKLAND-0 n the 14th inst., at Langham-place , wife of W. C. Strickland, Esq., of Sizergh Castlo, W° =Hand, of a daughter. Marriages. rel'i ELLIOT—BARNARD—On the 11th inst., at the parish OW- o i Twickenham, George Augustus Ell iot, Es q ., Lt.-Coledleot 18th Royal Irish, to Blanche Wilhelmina, yeu".o, daughter of the late George Barnard, Eq., of Crow T wickeubam. „tool , TREvELYAN—LOPFT--00 the 11th inst., at Pa..0...-‘Doi Suffolk, Sir Walter C. Trevelyan, of Nettleton, .t. Somersetshirc, and Wallington, Northumberland, 133'104 Jr to Laura Cape!, youngest daughter of t he late C. ) of Ttoston Hall, county Suffolk, Esq. • Deaths. n DONALDSON—On the 13th inst., at Hounslow, T. Do ..-tt son, Captain 3d (King's Own ) Hussars, aged 31. er , FERRIER—At Knockmaroon, near Dublin, A lex. Ferr i Esq., aged 85. firrcifixs—On the 13th inst., at Upper Norwood, -p l y Gen. B. R. Hutchins, of the Madras Army, aged 7 5 . LITTLE —On the 13th inst., at 37, Lorn-road, Brixtoti, Little, of Rutland Wharf, Uppe r Thames-street, t' R OW Earl-street, Blackfriars, aged 82. -11.0 05 ' SELL— On the 13th inst., at 7, Lansdown-place — 1 4 de, wick-squaw, Samuel Wm. Rowsell, of 31, CI:00P' eld aged 67. WlLsox—On the 14th inst., at Brinkcliffo Tower, Site ° James Wilson, Esq., aged 77. ----------- London Printed and Published by WILLIAM AND__, P " - 03: of No. 112, Strand, Printer , at Tug SUN Office, ll', 1 Strand, in the Precinct of the Sr vo y , in the Coup Middles=.--Tuesday, July 16,1867. n THE ,SUNI:I4O.N DON, TUESDAY EVENING, JULY 16, 1867