The Sun. — London, England, 1841-12-04 00:00:00

EVENING SUN MR. JAMES'S NEW NOVEL. This day is published, in 3 vols. post Svo., THE JACQUERIE ; or, The Lady and the 11 Page : an Historical Romance. By G. P. R. JAMES, Esq., Author of" The Huguenot," " Henry of Guise,".&e. Lately published, by the same Author, THE ANCIENT REGIME. 3 vols. CORSE DE LEON ; or,. the Brigand. 3 vols. London : Longman, Brown, and Co. Now ready, in 2 vols. post Bvo., T HE GLORY AND SHAME OF ENG LAND. By AN AMERICAN. Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street, Publisher in Ordinary to her Majesty. THE NEW WORK BY THE AUTHOR OF « THE SUBALTERN," &c. THE VETERANS of CHELSEA HOSPITAL. By the Rev. G. R. GLEIG, Author of "The Subaltern," &c. In 3 vole. post Bvo., IS NOW READY Al' ALL THE LIBRARIES. Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street. TO MAGISTRATES, SOLICITORS, POOR-LAW UNIONS, &c. &c. _ _ This day is published, No. XLIX., Vol. V., price 6d., of THE JUSTICE OF THE PEACE; Containing :—Population of Great Britain : Census of 1841—Preston House of Correction : Chaplain's Annual Re port for 1841—Property &voted to Public and Charitable Purposes, which is exempt fro.n the Poor-rate--Reg. v. The Mayor of Sudbury : Burgess Roll : Notice of Claim : Requi sites of—Stain!and _v. Hopkins—Municipal Corporation Acts, 5 and 6 Wm. IV., c. 76, and 6 and 7 Wm. IV., c. 104— Notice of New Works—Practical Paints, &c. &c. London : Henry Shaw, 137, Fetter-lane. 1 . 15 MAJESTY the EMPEROR of AUSTRIA, His MAJESTY the EMPEROR of RUSSIA, His MAJESTY the KING of PRUSSIA, having AUTHORISED and GUARANTEED several DIS TRIBUTIONS of MONEY GIVIDENDS, which (though they are NO LOTTERIES) offer many possibilities of obtain ing LARGE FORTUNES, HEINE BROTHERS, at HAMBURGH and at LUBECK, Are now SELLING ORIGINAL BONDS for the said DIS TRIBUTIONS. Persons desirous to purchase for the Next Distributions say receive, PREVIOUS to giving any orders, the PRO SPECTUS and PARTICI) LA - RS, upon addressing a line to HEINE BROTHERS. The NEXT AUSTRIAN DISTRIBUTION contains D VIDENDS of 4:25,000 £6OO 5,000 400 1,500 200 1,000 150 800 l2O HEINE BROTHERS having rendtted during a short time 18,0004 9,0001, 5,0001., 3,600/., &c. &c. &c., to London ; 3,600/., 8001, and 7001., to Edinburgh ; 3,600/. to Dublin ; 3,600/. to Beverley; 3,6001. to Halifax (Yorkshire); 1,200/. to Portleaven Harbour ; 9001., 700/. and 600/. to Li verpool ; 9001. to Newcastle-upon-Tyne ; 9001. to Hull ; 9001. and 600/. to Manchester ; 7001. to East Retford (Not tinghamshire); 600/. to Bideford ; 6001. to Cork ; 600/. to Bradford ; they shall feel glad to remit many Dividends of the next Distribution to England, Ireland, and Scotland. Direct for Prospectus and Particulars, trithout delay, either to HEINE BROTHERS, at HAMBURGH, or to HEINE BROTHERS, at LUBECK. £llO £7O 100 60 90 50 60 Sterling. THEATRE ROYAL, COVENT-GARDEN.' UNDER the MANAGEMENT of MADAME VESTRIS, THIS EVENING, DEC. 4, Will be repeated Bellini's Opera of NORMA.—Pollie, Mr. W. Harrison ; Flavius, Mr. Clement White; Oroveso, Mr. Leffler ; Adattcsa ' Miss Rainforth ; Clotild a , Mi ss Gr ant ; and Norma by bl iss Adelaide Kemble (her fifteenth appear ance upon the English Stage). After which, CHARLES THE TWELFTH.—CharIes the Twelfth, Mr. W. Farren ; Adam Brock, Mr. Bartley ; Eudiga, Madame Vestris. Doors to be opened at half-past Six—the performances to commence at Seven. Dress Boxes, 7s. • Second Price, 3 1 . 6d. ; First and Second Circles, ss. ; Second Price, 2s. 6d. ; Pit, 35.; Second Price. 25.; Gallery, Is. Tickets and pl aces f or t h e Boxes to be taken f Mr. Grogan, at the Box-office, from Ten tiN Four, where Season Tickets may be had upon application. P:ivate Boxes to be had solely of Mr. Andrews, bookseller, Ili% New Bond-street. ~..""On Monday, the New Comedy, entitled Court and City, w ith Free and Easy, and Wooden Leg.l ROYAL SURREY THEATRE. UNDER THE MANAGEMENT OF MR. DAVIDGE AND MR, WILLIS JONES. Extraordinary Novelty. First Week of the New French Drama. THIS EVENING, DEC. 4. Will be acted an entirely New Drama from the French, re plete with situations of ingenuity, intensity of interest, and strongdrawn character, entitled THE TWO LOCKSMITHS, OR POVERTY AND CRlME.—Characters by Messrs. Hughes, Hicks, Smith, Neville, Mrs. Vining, Mrs. Daly, &c. After which, DAMON AND PYTHIAS.—Damon, Mr. Graham; Pythias, Mr. Henry Hughes ; Calanthe, Miss Waverley. To conclude with Dibdin's poptear Farce of MY SPOUSE AND I.—Dick, Mr. Walton. ROYAL VICTORIA THEATRE. 'UNDER THE DIRECTION OF MR. OSBALDISTON. Immense success, and astounding popularity of this, now the most triumphant Theatre of the Metropolis. First Week of " The Two London Locksmiths," Mr. Osbaldiston and Miss Vincent, in "Damon and Pythias," and Second Week of the Successful Drama of " Casper the Doomed." THIS EVENING, DEC 4, The TWO LONDON LOCKSMITHS; or,the BANKER, •the THIEF, and the WlLL.—George Davis, Mr. E. F. Sa ville ; Murray, Mr. Dale; Burl, Mr. Seaman ; Tom Lively, Mr. Gardner ; Barny Cly, Mr. Paul ; Emily, Mrs. Lee. After which, NATURE AND ART.—Gabbleton, Mr. Gardner ; Eliza Proscenia Ardent, Miss Vincent Io conclide with CASPER THE DOOMED; or, the it 7`fM of the VAULT.—Casper Hauser, Mr. E. F. Sa ville; Schwartz, Mr. Dale; Ernest Vorline, Mr. Seaman; Count Hernan, Mr. Cullen ; Eva, Mrs. Howard. Boxes, 2s.—Pit, Is.---tiahery, 6d.--"falf-price to the Bole' only, at Hair-past Eight. THE RAILWAY SUN. NOTICE..-.A New Edition of the RAILWAY SUN is NOW PUBLISHING. TB E CHINA SUN, AND THE PARLIAMENTARY SUN, ARE STILL ON SALE, PRICE SLXPENCE EACH. Sun Office, Dec. 4, 1841. TO CORRESPONDENTS. " A Regular Reader in Edinhurgh."—We have heard nothing more of the occurrence to which he refers. THE WEATHER.—NooN, DECEMBER 4. ROYAL GALLERY OF SCIENCE, ADELAIDE-STREET. Thermometer... 44 1 Highest 4B 1 Lowest 4l . Barometer 29.40.—Wind W.—Freezing Point 22 Deg. liIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE TO-MORROW 11 ming &I minutes after 6. I Evening...... 4 minutes after 7. The Publication of the Evening Edition of THE Sux com menced at 10 minutes after Three. .1,.... # t •:114 4 ......, f .. 4 , 0 ,-- z ,v, ~ fk i. l / 4 # 14 1 . ,, ot • . ,4., , r i m ,i 1 & tat c , ‘, , r, ,-..„_ 0?.,,v)144,4,1A. LONDON: SATURDAY, DECEMBER 4, 1841. On Wednesday the Times . describ e d " th e English yeomen, clergymen, and -gentlemen" as 4 the supple mechanical instruments of tyranny," as " c: having contracted the di s i ngenuous cold hearted habits of despotism,' , lookin g on *it!' a kind of fascinated indifferenc e at scenes of the most revolting kind, as i f it were q uite a matter of course for pauper-children to be thrown together like pigs in a heap till they. c ontract all sorts of loathsome diseases." We .hold our Con temporary to be a good limner, but a bad rea sour. lie ascribes all these evil dispositions i n -the yeomen, clergymen, and gentlemen of Eng land to the existence of the New . Poor-law. But by whose authority does the New Poor-law exist ? By the authority, undoubtedly, of the yeomen, clergymen, and gentlemen of England. They created and now uphold the system which makes them the supple mechanical instruments of tyranny. They are the authors of the law which only reflects their dispositions. The sys tem is the offspring of their vices, not their vices of the system. The New Poor-law was intended to save their estates by reducing rates, and lowering the condition of the people. It was to force them to be contented with a less share of .f•od. It is the pet law of both Whig and Tory Tenmen, clergy, and gentry ; they have gloried n as:Asti:lg to carry it into execution; noblemen have presided at Boards of i3nardians, and have Inc wed resolutions to provide the paupers with a coaes er food; and the Times reasons i ncorrec tl y when it ascribes the e ;ail dispositions, which it so eloquently pourtrays, to -the system which the aristocracy ordains, and which could have no inigence did they not ordain it. They are exclu sively the law-makers, and for all the conse quences of the laws, even their own "cold-hearted habits of despotism,” if they spring from the laws, they are responsible. The Times tries to serve two masters, and can not succeed. As the servant of humanity, it justly reprobates the cold-hearted habits of des potism in the yeomen, clergy, and gentry. As the servant of the aristocracy, it seeks to exone rate them, `and throw the blame on a system. Men, however, are now too well aware of the force of language to be made fools of by abstract terms. A system of politics or a law is nothing more than the expression of the will of those who decree it; and if the system be bad, their will is in fault. Independently of them, the law is a mere bit of spoiled parchment, and the silly attempt of the Times to exonerate the yeomen, clergy, and gentry from blame, by blaming the system, is a proof that it is impossible for a man to serve two masters. Humanity and the aristocracy are at war, and neither of them will long tolerate the cunning sutler, who, from an anxiety to build up his own power, alternately cajoles, abuses, and makes war upon both. of the slightest interest. The organs of the Court including, of course, the Presse and the Journal des Debats, repudiate the proposal to replace, M. SAUZET by M. DE LAMARTINE as Presi dent of the Chamber of Deputies. Both are Mi nisterial men, and the attempt to place them in opposition to each other, the Journals denounce as a trick of the Opposition—clever, certainly, but which will be unsuccessful. A letter from Bourges, in the France, states that the con sort of Don Carlos is entirely recovered from her indis position.— Galignanis Messenger, Dec. 2. PARIS, DEC. 2.—The last accounts from Bosnia and the Herzegowina are still afflicting. The unhappy Bos nian Christians who took part in the late insurrection, and who escaped from the axe of the executioner, are now compelled to live in the forests. As to those who took no part in the movement, they are not the less ex posed to persecution. The Vladika continues his excur sions on the Turkish territory with success, and it is easy to foresee that in the event of a new insurrection of the Christians in Turkey, if it should be at all general, this chief is destined to play a leading part in it. The Em peror of Austria has sent to the Vizier of Bosnia a silver gilt sugar basin, in order to remind him that the friend ship of this monarch is as sweet as the produce of the sugar cane, and he has added to the sugar basin a valu able drinking cup, with the expression of a hope that the Vizier may empty it frequently to the health of the two monarchs who are united for the welfare of humanity. The trial of the persons implicated in the republican plot, which broke out at Marseilles on the 23d of March last, the ramifications of which extended to the districts of Orange, Avignon, and Carpentras, commenced on the 27th of November, before the Court of Assize of the mouth of the Rhine. As early as eight in the morning an immense crowd filled the avenue to the Court of Justice. Two corn pAnies of the 31st regiment were stationed in the Court yard. The accused were 53 in number. After the' reading of the indictment the Attorney- General stated the case for tho accused. Rana Gittotier, Martin, and Ravel, were interrogated ; all four retracted their previous decl ara ti ons , an d pos i t i ve l y d en i e d a ll the imputed facts to them in the indictment.—Constitutionnel. On Tuesday Queen Christina of Spain dined with their Majesties. The Prince and Princess d'Angola, Count and Countess de Toreno, M. Zea Bermudez, M. Zea Colombi, General Bernelle, late Commander of the Foreign Legion in Spain, Admiral Rosamel, and Captain Leray, of the Navy, were of the Royal party. In the evening the King and Queen received Marshal Soult, the Duke de la Rochefoucault, the Duke de Massa, the Marquis de Louvois, M. de la Villegontier, the Count de Segur, the Count de Bondy, M. de Gasparin, the Count de Simeon, Baron Feutrier, and General Saint Simon. The plains between Beaumont and l'lsle Adam are entirely inundated by the overflowing of the banks of the Oise. The Journal General de Plnstruction Publique says The Municipal Council of Paris have just resolved that teachers of both sexes in the municipal schools, after five years' service and constant good conduct, may have their salaries increased from 2,000 fr. up to 2,400 fr. for the male teachers, and 2,100 fr. for the females. All , teachers now in the exercise of their functions will be allowed to enjoy the benefit of this vote, from the Ist January next." The Minister of Foreign Affairs opened his saloons on Tuesday evening for the first time since the close of the last Session, and although nearly a month must elapse before the commencement of the next Session, there was a considerable affluence of men of political note. Nearly all the foreign Ministers, a great many Peers, and a greater number of Deputies were present. The Gazette de France says that the proposition of M. Remilly for rendering a seat in the Chamber of Deputies incompatible with a Government appointment will cer tainly be renewed next Session. A few days ago a young girl of fourteen, who was in love with a young man living in the Rue Greniere-St.- Lazare, left her mother's house, and joined her lover at his residence. She was discovered there two days after wards by her mother and the Commissary of Police, and compelled to return to her home. The young man, although he declared that the girl had voluntarily gone to him, which was confirmed by her, was taken into cus tody on a charge of seduction of a minor. The sentence of death pronounced Jay the Court of Assises of the Seine upon Huot, aged seventeen, for attempt at murder an d f or t h e f t, i n t h e W ood of Vin cennes—a case which we mentioned some time ago—has been commuted by the King into imprisonment with hard labour for life. " A letter from Athens," says the Temps, " states that the disputes between the Ottoman and Greek Govern ments, concerning indemnities claimed by Turks for pro perty still held by Greeks, are settled. There now only remain the arrangements for the district of Pthiotis, the property of the mosques, and the questions of Eubcea and Thebes, which are in suspense. By a Royal Ordonnance, dated the 22d ult., a credit of 100,000 francs is opened for the Minister of Foreign Affairs, under the head of " frais d'etablissement," and by another ordonnance of the same date 50,000 francs are allowed fur extraordinary missions and unforeseen ex - penses. The Council-General of the hospitals of Paris has i just decided on suppressing for a month the salary of a chaplain of the H o t e l Dieu, as a punishment for his having attempted to extort confessions from the patients. The Council has agreed to refer the consideration of further proceedings against the almoner to the Ministers of the Interior and Public Worship. A few days ago, the Mayor of Lyons distributed the forty livrets, or books-of-deposits, in the savings' banks of twenty franca each, for which the Duke d'Aumale left the amount when he passed through Lyons, with in structions than it should be divided amongst the most deserving pupils of the communal schools. The deposits have been divided equally between the ecoles chretienner and the ecoles d'enseignement mutuel. Eight young girls were among the number. A physician keeping a maison de sante, and receiving into his care a prisoner for debt, is responsible for his safe custody, unless he can prove that the evasion of his patient was the consequence of irresistible force. In case of escape, the creditor suing the physician for da mages, is not bound t o p rove th a t it was t h e consequence 1 of neglect on the part of the physician, or those having the direction of the establishment. This was declared to bo the law in an action before the Cour Royale, which came to a hearing on Tuesday. M. Boucheporn, Re ceiver-General of the Haute Marne, obtained a judgment against Mr. John Ir v i ng , a Scotchman, for a debt of 46,740 f., upon which he was arrested and committed to prison; and detainers were afterwards lodged against him to the amount of 100,000 f. After three years' con finement, Mr. Irving, upon a medical certificate, obtained an Order of Court, to be transferred to a maison de sante, kept by a Dr. R., who thereupon undertook the safe cus tody of the debtor. On the 16th of May last, Mr. Irving, in attending a lady who was in the habit of visiting him to her carriage, as he had repeatedly done before, instead of returning into the house, got into the carriage with her, made off, and has been no more seen in France. The facts being proved, and the arguments of the Counsel on both sides being heard, the Court decided in favour of the liability of the physician, and adjudged him to pay da mages to M. Boucheporn to the amount of 10,000 f., to gether with all his costs of suit. The Droit states that it has received a letter from the journeymen brassfounders, explaining the grounds upon which they have struck work. They admit that they have required the masters to diminish five hours a week in their work, but deny that they have demanded any increase of pay. They quote many cases of illness and death arising from their excess of labour. At the same time they deny the truth of the accusation brought against them, of having endeavoured to turn from their work such of their fellow-labourers as chose to remain em ployed. Some more arrests of ,these men were made yesterday. Rear-Admiral Parseval Dechene has been appointed Maritime Prefect at Cherbourg, in the room cf Rear- Admiral de Martineng, who is admitted into the second section of the Staff of Admirals. In mentioning this change, the Temps says, " The naval officers of the port of Cherbourg have presented to Rear-Admiral Marti neng, in testimony of their esteem and regard on his quitting the Maritime Prefecture of that station, a fine painting of the battle of Algesiras, for his conduct on which occasion M. de Martineng was pro moted from the rank of Capitaine de Fregate to that of Capitaine de Vaisseau. The picture re presents the French division at anchor and the fleet of Admiral de Saumarez coming down to the attack. Ad miral Linois' ship Formidable is seen in the fore-ground, and near her the English ship Hannibal, which was taken. In the distance is the Muiron frigate, Capt. Martineng, who has sent 130 of his men to occupy Ile Verte, where the British boats were going to take pos session of it, and one o f w hi c h was sunk, and another captured. On the picture are inscribed the names and dates of all the principal actions in which the Admiral has been engaged—namely, Port-au-Prince, in 1793 ; Frejus, in 1793 ; Bull Bay, in 1790; Algesiras, in 1801; the taking of Port-de-Paix, in 1802; Trafalgar, in 1805; Ferrol!, in 1806 ; Cadiz, in 1808 ; and Arcos,_ in 1809." On turning to the co lumns of the Annual Register for 1801, we find a long account of the action in the Bay of Algesiras above alluded to, accompanied by a handsome testimonial to the coolness and courage displayed in it by the French. The substance of the narrative we subjoin :—" The French squadron was that of the Ca d;z station, under Admiral Liuois, and consisted of two 80-gun ships, one 74, a frigate (that of Captain Marti neng), and several cutters. It lay at anchor off Algesi ras, on the 4th of July ; and Admiral de Saumarez, on receiving information of this, resolved to attack the French force. The British squadron consisted of three 84-gun ships, two 74 (one of which was the Hannibal), a 40-gun frigate, and a 16-gun lugger. On the morning of the sth he sailed towards the French squadron, but was inconvenienced by light winds, which forced the English frigate to come to an anchor, from the same cause the llarnibal ran aground near one of the Spanish batteries. These batteries were of formidable strength at Algesiras, and they fired on th e B r i t i s h s hi ps throughout the action. The battle was a sharp one, and though Admiral de Saumarez endeavoured to run between the Hannibal and the French squa dron and batteries, he could not do so on account of the wind, and he was obliged to sail away. The Hannibal ) suapi is nanthdisstr rigginguck h sh e o r t fla a g w , a a y f , te a r n h d a l v v i i n th g t l . 4:_ of her crew killed or wounded. The total loss of dhronß,litFohrnsihi i d P a s ble lvas 375 killed other hand, the two 80 gun ships of the French squa dron, action, after t l l t i nl4- the 74 was disabled fromeir . and wounded. On the of that period claimed Indomptable, were stranded in nibal for one of the assertedSpCaiaipisthainbsathtaedriebseenankdilletl that the French loss in this ' service. The Madrid Gazette the honour of capturing the Han and wounded. This battle was action was 800 killed if.c. _ note read in all the theatres 0; announced aris i i t i t i t ii n official t w i a a s l stated that six British ships of the by had been an d either taken or beaten back into Gibraltar by three The inquest on the bodies of a poor woman of the name of THOMPSON, and her infant child, at Pennington, Lancashire, of which we published the commencement on Thursday, terminated on the afternoon of that day, when the Jury re turned the following verdict :—" That the de ceased being reduced to a state of extreme want and mental suffering, came to the de termination of destroying herself; and, being unwilling to leave her infant child behind, destroyed her likewise." This amounts to a verdict of murder and felo de se, and the bodies of the mother and child, placed in the same coffin, were committed to the earth at a late hour in the evening, without the usual rites of the Church. This is a heart-rending story, surpassing anything possibly that fiction ever invented. The accounts received leave no doubt that the afflicted fellow- creature who thus brought herself and child to an untimely end, was an industrious hard-work ing woman, was greatly attached to her children, and made every exertion to keep herself and them out of the workhouse. She struggled on, day after day, sometimes by wash ing, and at other times by weaving, making out 2s. 9d. a week to support herself and three chil dren; but finding all hopes of bettering her con dition vain, and worn out with hunger, suffer ing, and sorrow, she yielded at last to " out rageous fortune," and in a fit of despair put an end to her child, whom she dearly loved—and then hanged herself in the miserable abode, so long the scene of her sufferings. The following brief account by one of the witnesses, examined on the first day, will enable the reader to judge whether this picture is exaggerated : On Saturday night week she had half-a-crown, and bought some coals and potatoes for the ensuing week. She earned Bd. in a house where she had been washing ; and she got ad. from me. On Thursday night she bor rowed 6d , with which she bought 3d. worth of coals, and 3d. worth of jannock bread. On Saturday night she came in to pay me the 6d., but I would not take it from her, although lam very poor myself. This was all the money she had to support herself and three children for the last week. She was a ♦ery hard-working clean woman, and remarkably so according to her situation in life. She had seldom more to live on, as far as I could learn, than 2s. 6d. a week. James Smith, of Chowbent, is the landlord of the cellar, and he sent bailiffs there twice for the rent ; but, seeing her destitute condition, they could not find it in their hearts to sell the few ar ticles of furniture she possessed.—[A gentleman present stated that, on one occasion, the bailiff was so much touched with her destitute condition, that he gave her half-a-crown.] The deceased had three children by Wood, the eldest of whom is a boy, seven years of age, and the next a girl, about eighteen months old, and the child that was drowned, who was eight months old. For the rest of the evidence we refer to the report in another part of the Paper, and on reading it we can come to no other conclusion than that the unfortunate woman and her child fell victims to the severity of the Poor-law. The cruelty of the bastardy clause, and the un fair advantage given by it to a heartless se. ducer, we took every opportunity of press. ing upon the notice of the public when the Bill was before Parliament; yet the original clause was agreed to with little modification, and this sad catastrophe is one of the results. The relieving officer at Leigh put this beyond doubt. "There is," said he, "a general un willingness on the part of Unions to affiliate, on account of the expense and difficulty of getting the money from the fathers. They laugh at our attaching their wages." The poor woman, no doubt knew this well, she knew she could not compel the father to maintain the children, and she submitted to her fate. The Jury we consi- der guilty of gross neglect of duty, in not poin ing out the real cause of this lamentable event; and pressing it on the attention of the Home Secretary. They make no allusion to it in their verdict, though the Foreman com mented in strong terms on the conduct of the father " for not lending the mother and children assistance." Out of evil, however, cometh good, and, when the Act comes before Parliament foi revision, this sad scene will not be forgotten It is a scene disgraceful to the age While the land abounds with wealth, while Bishops and Peers and pensioners contrive to wring vast sums from the hard-earned wages of the working classes, while Parliament levies rom them yearly enormous sums to put into the pockets of a favoured class, a poor deserted creature, of the same sex as - our beloved SOVEREIGN, with three young children, and anxious to work for their maintenance, is doomed to live on five-pence a-day, and even, that pittance failing, is driven to commit murder and suicide in the hope of finding relief in that, place " where the wicked cease from troubling, and the weary are at rest." The severe laws of the Church forbid her Christian burial, but will she and her innocent offspring sleep the less soundly, or will her merciful CREATOR view as a crime the deed which stern necessity and the cruel laws of man forced her in _ _ an evil hour to commit ? The Israelites were hardly treated when they were required to make bricks without straw. That was the essence of tyranny, when they were in a state of servitude in a foreign country. To us it seems that the people of England are now treated worse than the Jews, when they were worst treated in bondage. They are not required, r indeed, to make bricks without straw, but, what is harder, to provide a large revenue for the State—enormous incomes for the owners of land and tithes—and, at the same time, their hands are tied, and they are not allowed to work. They are required to pay by taxation, including the sum levied for tithes, by the corn and provision laws, and by parochial rates, at least 00,000,000/. a year, independently of rent and profit on capital, which are paid by the an nual labour of the community ; and the power which demands all these enormous sums from the People at the same time interdicts much of their trade, shuts up their mills, ar rests their ships in harbour, or ties the hands of the people on whom it makes these demands. The Egyptian bondage of the Jews was nothing, compared to the bondage of Englishmen in their own country in the nine teenth centu r y. Nobody now denies that from some cause or other distress overwhelms the producing classes. now will d are to aver that this distress i Nobody sc a u sed by idl enessor e N s v i ant ofskill i n these classes. ~ The two They are, with out on industrious and th e ng exception, the most most le skilful or the most c p a r u o s d e u s c t o i f ire their g workmen,regreat distress are pl a i n and in existence ctions placed pal pable. The chief cause is the restri all the on their industry, which deprive them o f the means of getting fbod, clothing, and demanded L om tbrts of life. Their hands a re tied. Ti secon d cause is the enormous sum s and taken from the m b y thos e who tie their hands. Disguise. the matter as the Tory % tit ers may—talking of over -trading, excess of credit, wild speculations, and the conduct of other nations—the plain fact is, that a great deal to o much is taken from the suffering producers by laws, as above-mentioned, while insurmountabl e obstacles are laid in their way of winning bread for themselves. 'We practise, in truth, the most odious tyranny on the producing classes; we re- 1 quire them to maintain an immense and ever-in creasing number of unproductive classes, and, at the same time, we actually prohibit the use of those means by which the almost insatiable de mands might be met. This is odious tyranny. The Paris Journals of Thursday, the whole of which we have received, contain no political news THE SUN ) LONDON, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 4, 1841. French ships, but no mention was made of the Spanish batteries. The sth of July was called the Navil Ma rengo, and the destruction of the Modern Carthage was predicted in an epigram much admired at the time be cause it had lost its llannibal. A week after this action, the French squadron having succeeded in getting the Hannibal afloat, and having been reinforced by five Spa nish sail of tho line under Admiral de Moreno, with three frigates and a large number of gun-boats and smal ler vessels, sailed for Cadiz. Admiral tie Saumarez im mediately pursued them with the same number of ships as he had before, only the Pompey, an eighty-four, which could not get under weigh in time ' was replaced by the Thames. At night the action began with the sternmost ships of the French and Spanish squadrons, but only four of the British ships were able to get seriously en gaged. After a sharp running fight, two of the largest vessels of the combined squadron took fire and blew up, two ethers (Spanish three-deckers carrying each 112 guns, ran foul of each other, and both sunk ; a third struck her colours, and the remainder of the squadron was totally dispersed. The French ship Formidable, Captain Troade, was engaged by the Venerable, Captain Hood, and was nearly silenced when the mainmast of the latter was shot away, and the Formidable gut into Cadiz, where ultimately the other ships of the combined squa drons, much shattered, took shelter. Admiral de San mares returned to Gibraltar to relit, and then proceeded to Cadiz, which he blockaded. On the news of these operations reaching England, the gallant Admiral re ceived the ribbon of the Order of the Bath." THE EXCHEQUER BILL AFFAIR.—We have been informed that, so long ago as 1837, a coin mu r ication was made to the then Chancellor of th e Exchequer, Mr. Spring Rice, that a consider able number of Exchequer bills were pledged for differences on stock-jobbing accounts, which, it was supposed, were not honestly come by. No notice was taken of the communication, when awes concluded that these Exchequer bills came from some parties high in office, and reports were immediately spread that Lord Palmerston was jobbing in the Stocks. The Ministers suf fered in reputation for the faults or climes of their subordinates. It is further said that the late rise in Spanish Stock, in which Messrs. Smith and Rapallo had transactions, would have made those gentlemen quite right. Had the de tection of the fraud been postponed for a month, they would have been able to pay their diffe rences, to have withdrawn their Exchequer bills, and retired from the market with no incon siderable sum of money in theit pockets. If such a thing be possible, who shall assure us that such frauds have not beenpefore practised, and that gentlemen, who have become very opulent by serving the State, have not employed means similar to those which have led Mr. Smith, who has been less fbrtunate than they were, to the bar of the Old Bailey ? MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS, CITY, TWELVE O'CLOCK. LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET, DEC. 3.—We have had a more active inquiry for Cotton during the whole of the present week than for many previous —consumers having shown an inclination to purchase rather more than their immediate wants require ; yet, owing to the continued anxiety on the part of importers to reduce their stocks, prices have been rather irregular, though on the whole we cannot make any decided alteration. 2,500 American taken on speculation, and 460 Pe ruvian, 360 Carthagena, and 250 Surat for export. The total sales of the month amounted to 100,390 bales ; of which 4,800 bales American, and 500 bales Surat, were taken on speculation ; and 750 bales American, 460 bales Pernam, 360 bales Carthagena, and 1,900 bales Surat, for export : 850 bales American, 50 bales Egyp tian, and 200 bales Surat, forwarded into the country unsold. LIVERPOOL SHARE MARKET, DEC. 3.—Eastern Coun ties Debentures, 9/. I Is. Bd. ; Great Western, Half Shares, 57i ; London and South Western, 57i ; London and Birmingham, 158 ; Ditto, 32/. Shares, 534 ; Ditto, New Shares, 241 ; North Union, 25k. MANCHESTER STOCK EXCHANGE, DEC. 3.—There has been no alteration in the state of this market to-day. Manchester and Leeds, 584 ; Ditto Half Shares, 244 ; Manchester and Birmingham, 23i ; Liverpool and Man chester, Old Quarters, 471 ; Bank of Manchester, 44. THE FUNDS. The British Market opened firm this morning, but little business doing. Consols for the opening are now 881 ex. div. ; Three per Cents. Reduced, 883 3 ; Three-and-a-Half per Cents. Reduced, 973 98 ; Exche quer Bills, 9 11 premium. In the Foreign Market there is no variation except in Spanish Stock, which are a shade lower than the closing prices of yesterday, they are now 231 s ; Passive, 54 3 ; Deferred, 114 12 ; Portuguese Fire per Cents. 331 34 ; Ditto Three per Cents. 203 ; Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents. 52 . 1 ; ditto, Five per Cents. 993 ; Colombian, 201 4 ; Mexican, 25 253. PRICES OF SHARES THIS DAY AT ONE. RAILWAYS. Bristol and Exeter ..... ... Great Western ~, Ditto Fifths , Gosport Junction , London and Brighton London and BirmirVam .. Paid. Per Share. ..60 .. ... 27i to 65 - 4 50 . 50 ...... 354:11 to 90 38-/ s6i to 557 1 , GF.--tYESTERDAN). Gibraltar... Leghorn .. Genoa Milan Venice Naples 39,1 Palermo, per oz 119 Lisbon Oporto 52 Rio Janeiro 27 Bahia Buenos Ayres New York, 21 days sight 461 London and South . estern COURSE OF EXCHAI Amsterdam CF. 12 74! Ditto, at sight Rotterdam .........2 U l2 8 Antwerp l2 7 Hamburgh M.B. 13 13 Altana Paris, 3 days' sight Ditto, 3 months 25 85 Marseilles Bourdeaux 25 90 Frankfort on Maine... 1501 Petersburgh, 3Us ... 37 Berlin... 7 Vienna, effec. fl. 3M. 953 Trieste, ditto Madrid ... Cadiz ' 'Philadelphia 46 PRICES OF BULLION, PER OZ, Foreign Gold, bars £3 17 9 - - :al Gold Coin .0 0 0 Bilbao 36 •• ,0 0 0 Barcolona Seville ... 36 .0 4 10 ,atug: INew Doubloons (Port , INew Dollar; _ .......... Silver in Bars... 0 4 HALF-PAST ONE. The operations in the English Market have not been to any extent ; prices, however, have improved, Consols for the opening being firm at 884 4ex dividend. Busi ness has again been done in Consols for Money at 894 4 ; Three-and-a-Half per Cents. Reduced, 'B4 ; Exche quer Bills have improved upon the prices of yesterday, and are steady at 10s. to 12s. premium. In the Foreign Market the transactions have been, with the exception of Spanish Stock, which has im proved, upon a limited scale ; they are now .firm, 244 ; the Deferred, 114 124 ; Portuguese Five per Cents. are steady at 334 ; Dutch Two - arid-a-Half per Cents., 52i; and the Five per Cents., 994. But little is doing in the Share Market. London and South Western have receded from 564 to 35i. The other Shares present no variation from former quotations. TWO O'CLOCK. Consols, Account, 884 ex. div. ; Spanish, 24 to 244. QUARTER TO THREE. Our City people were completely taken unawares by the proceeding at the Old Bailey this morning, and the whole affair of the Exchequer Bill forgery is generally condemned as being greatly mismanaged. In all probability a nest of swindlers will now remain screened from justice, to prey upon the public; and it is considered that Rapallo ought never to have been admitted Queen's evidence, or have had the offer until it was clearly ascertained that Mr. Smith would not plead guilty. There could be no evi dence wanting to establish the criminality of the latter, as he is known not only to have confessed it to many of the Government employes, but even to have dis closed his mode of effecting the forgery, and hence there is less excuse for allowing Rapallo t o b ecome a p prover . The matter looks, indeed, very much like a suppression of unpleasant facts, which might have come out, although Smith had pleaded guilty, if his accomplice had been put on his trial. LLO YD'S SHIPPING—(TIIIS DAY.) LONDON. DEC. 4.—Wind this day at noon S.W. DEAL, DEC S.—Wind S.W., strong breeze.—Arrd. from the River, Prince Albert, for Madras ; Lamport, New Orleans ; her Majfisty's ship Snake, Westward. Sld. Boyne (packet), Cork and Malta. Remain, Ebor, Asia, Capt. Cook, Sceptre, and Hebe. LIV2RPOOL, DEC. 3.—Wind S.S.E.—Arrd. Emerald, St. John's, New Brunswick. Sailed Cremona, Bombay; Thunder steamer, Rio Janeiro; Tigris, Calcutta ; Har riet Scott, Bombay; Selima, Demerara; Capricorn, Bar badoes; Valparaiso, Valparaiso; Belmont, New Orleans. Arrd. off, Anderondack and Sunda. PORTSMOUTH, DEC. 3.—Wind S.. to W.N.W., strong. —Arrd. Horatio (packet), St. Helena ; Tyro, London, for Ccrk, with sails split. SHOREHAM, DEC. 3.—The Napoleon, Sinclair, on en tering the harbour this morning, struck on the bar, and has become a wreck —crew saved. Conic, DEC. I.—The Rapid, bound to Youghal, in working out yesterday, missed stays, and having let go both anchors and chains, parted, and returned to port. LEITH, DEC. 30.—Arid. Undaunted, Quebec. HARWICH, DEC. 3.—Arrd. Welcome, Sunderland, with loss of topmast, &c. SOI:THWOLD, DEC. 3.—The after part of a ship's top, marked in gilt letters " Douro," has been picked up on the bc-aeh. CLYDE, DEC. l.—Arrd. James Ewing, China. Sailed Bellona, New York. TENBY, DEC. 2.—The main and main-topmast, rigging, sail, &c., of a large schooner, was picked . up in the Bay last night. MILFORD, DEC. 2.—The John Taylor, bound to Africa, which sailed for Liverpool yesterday, was obliged to re - turn to that p or t, i n consequence of a second crew re fusing to pro cee d on the voyage, on the plea that she was nut seaw or th y. HULL, D EC . 3 — W ind S.E., fresh gales.—Arrd. a schooner, with a quarantine flag. COWES, DEC. 3 . —The Majestic, from London to Bom bay, is coming i n to discharge. ILI TORY,DEC. 1 .-- Arrd.Patriot, Memel, Monte Video. FALMOUTH, DEC. S.S.W. to S.S.E., strong gales.—Arrd. Sheried, London for Trinidad. The Shel drake (packet), arrived here from the West Indies, in coming from the Roads to the inner harbour this after noon, got foul of the Conservative, from Constantinople • to Liverpool, the latter had her bowsprit and cat-head carried away, the former lost bulwarks, stanchions, &c. BRISTOL, DEC. 3.—Axrd, Ellen, Messina. The Rev. D. Wackerbath, of Lichfield, has followed the example of Mr. Sibthorp, and embraced the Romish faith. Those who have read, as we have, his " Tyba Concordia)," will think it was high tinie.—Bir ingham Advertiser. SHIMAIIV CF MEWS AND public Optuton. " Who runs may read." POZZEIGN. On the 26th ult. a deputation from the Evangelical Clergy of Berlin left Prussia for England for the pur pose of ascertaining in what way funds are provided for the erection of churches. It seems the art of " robbing Peter to pay Paul" is better understood in England than in any part of the world. Letters from Stockholm of the 20th ult. report that a deputation of master manufacturers waited upon the King to thank him for the protection granted to the manufactures of • Sweden by the new Tariff. The ma nufacturers of Sweden, like the English corn-growers, are very grateful for the privilege of robbing the public for their own advantage. Were the corn-growers of Swe den to thank the King l'or the protection afforded to the manufacturers, then indeed we would think some thing of it. The King of the French is resolved to keep as many strings to his bow as possible. On Monday last he sent M. Salvandy, as his Ambassador, to Madrid, to com pliment Espartero on his crushing the Christino con spiracy, and on Tuesday he entertained at dinner Queen Christina Munoz, the arch-traitress I PI733X.XC The Morning Chronicle thus comments on the attempts now making in Edinburgh to enforce the strictest ob servance of the Sabbath by the most intolerant means:— " The Sabbath is an excellent institution ;. apart even from all religious considerations, its moral and physical influence entitles it to be upheld. But the manner of keeping the Sabbath is a matter of opinion ; and those who are for what the Examiner wittily called its bitter observance, have no right to compel others to keep it bitterly. He who thinks it a sin to read a newspaper on Sunday should not touch one ; but he has no right to in fringe on his neighbour's liberty, and compel him to do likewise. Reverse the case. Suppose a rigid Presbyterian compelled to read a newspaper, instead of the Bible, would he not think that a gross outrage was committed on him? Do as ye would be done unto,' is the golden rule of to leration, as well as of general conduct--a maxim, how ever, too frequently forgotten in theological warfare. Let the Sabbath be kept, by all means ; but to every man who can judge for himself must be left the manner of keeping it. We are glad, therefore, to see that in Glasgow there is a determination to put down that spe cies of intolerance, so disgracelully exhibited in Edin burgh."—We have no desire to see the Sabbath dese crated ; but, at the same time, we see no earthly reason why a long sour face should be specially cultivated on that day. If left to the good sense and good feeling of the community, the Sabbath will always be more appro priately observed, than if stringent laws are enacted for its rigid observance. No man was ever yet made pious by Act of Parliament, though hundreds have been made hypocrites thereby. To attempt to coerce men into re ligion, is the surest way to qualify them for a hot seat in that mysterious realm, which—as Pope assures us—is never " mentioned to ears polite." The Times, still continues querulous on the subject of Lord J. Russell's answer to the Plymouth address, ob serving :—" Lord John Russell's London friends have been able to make nothing of his answer to the Plymouth address. This, we doubt, is a great disappointment. At a time of year when statesmen, great and small, go touring about to receive deputations, and dinners, and freedoms of corporations in oaken boxes, a speech, or even a written manifesto, from any such conspicuous person, is expected to make some sensation. The hero of the day, stepping forward when the curtain has dropped for the season, calculates, like a favourite dancer, to be overwhelmed with wreaths. If this glori fication does not take place, there is a good deal of mor tification, and a great many people look cross and blame one another."—lf Lord Johii Russell's answer has created no public sensation, why is the Times so con stantly referring to it ? Far better that it should be left to its own insignificance. But the truth is, it has created a sensation, and that is the reason why our keen-scented Contemporary is so sore on the subject. In a leading article suggested by a meeting of the in habitants of the West Riding of York, for the formation of a Diocesan Board of Education, the Herald makes the following remarks:—" Government are prepared to aid and encourage schools, but they do not intend to propose to the Legislature to provide funds necessary for the edu cation of the people. It will, however, be the fault of the wealthier portion of the community if Government do not submit to the House of Commons a much larger grant for educational purposes than the last. Before any Government,' said Lord Wharncliffe, could go to Parliament with a proposition to increase that grant to any extent, it would be necessary to show that the laity, the clergy—that all ranks of the people, were ready to contribute most liberally to the object.' Here then is a motive for immediate contributions to this great cause of public improvement, and to the diffusion of sound re ligion."—We have no great desire to see a system of na tional education established under the sanction of the Tories, for we can pretty well guees what sort of a system it will be. There will be no enlarged mind dis coverable in it; it will be made up of prejudice and in tolerance, and, as far as generous and enlightened prin ciples are concerned, will be wholly defective. To en lighten a nation, in the proper sense of the term, will never suit the purblind views of Toryism. The Morning Post says :—"Whatever party feud may now have made the Poetry Professorship contest at Ox ford, we deny that there was ever any good reason for theological party feeling being brought into the conto versy. As to the point whether attachment to the prin ciples taught in the Oxford Tracts' was, or was not, likely to interfere with the proper exercise of the duties of Professor of Poetry, there was really no room for ab stract disputation. It is a matter of immediate expe rience. The present Professor, the highly-gifted Mr. Keble, is very well known to have been, and to be, much more concerned with the Oxford Tracts' than Mr. Williams. If it can be shown that this con cern at all interfered with the proper discharge of Mr. Keble's professional duties, then indeed the objection to Mr. Williams' would be very strong. If on the other hand it be admitted that Mr. Keble has reflected great honour upon the University in his position of Professorof Poetry, and has won the admiration of the whole literary world. wherever the English language is understood and devotional feeling appreciated, then, we say, that the objection to Mr. Williams on account of being, in respect to theological principle, what Mr. Keble is, must fall to the ground."—There is a great deal of absurdity in this dispute about the " Professorship of Poetry," more especially as the requisite qualifications of such a Professor are completely thrown overboard, and regard is bad solely to his orthodoxy or otherwise. The actuating principle of the dispute is, that any dull, prosy fellow can be a lecturer on poetry, provided he be either a Puseyite or an Evangelist. So argue the respective combatants, while men of common sense keep aloof, and laugh heartily at their dogmatic absurdities. We quote the following from the Leeds Mercury : " The Tories were quite as much committed to the New Poor-law as the Whigs—the only difference was this, the latter was in power when the law passed as a kind of experiment, the former are in power now when it is to be upheld and rendered permanent. There is, however, this difference between the two parties —none of the Whigs ever attempted to raise a cry against the Tories for that which was an act of the two parties conjointly, while many of the Tory candidates for seats in Parlia ment had the meanness to resort to this shabby policy, in which they were aided by the Tory Journals. We shall be curious to see what the persons who have so conducted themselves will say to the constituencies at the next Parliamentary elections." The Coventry Herald says :—" Although:the new Tory Government are careless and incapable, or hostile to any plan of relief, it is evident that they are prepar i ng to carry things with a high hand. The multiplying of mili tary stations in the manufacturing districts has become a question of undisguised official discuision. The existing magistracy of the kingdom is in due course of being swamped by a large infusion of most approved Tories, and it will then only remain for the Parliamentary Session to arrive, in order to pass the congenial Pegging Bills for the preservation of the peace.' " The Dublin Evening Post, commenting on Lord de Grey's Irish policy, says:—" Of all the clumsy attempts —of all the impudent assertions ever made—that, which is now going the rounds' of the London Tory press, is as assuredly the most audacious, as well as the most ri diculous—viz., that Lord do Grey and his Government have won golden opinions from all manner of men by the just and conciliatory principle which has guided him in the government of Ireland." The Dundee Chronicle contains an article on the sub ject of the Government emigration scheme, from which we quote the following :—" Where are the people to emigrate ? To Canada or Australia ? We would ask how are men, who have been brought up in cotton fac tories and flax mills from their earliest years, to be em ployed in the colonies ? Are they to exchange their hell-holes for a life of pastoral ease or simple rural cares, tendering their flocks and garnering spontaneous har vests ? or are they to be shipped to the shores of Europe and the United States, to work the manufactories of our mercantile opponents ? In either case, emigration would ruin us outright ; the first by expenses, establishments, more soldiers, and taxes—the second by encouraging our rivals." We quote the following remarks from the West Briton : In the absence of other political topics, the. Tory prints are assailing with great bitterness the answer of Lord John Russell to the address of the inhabitants of Plymouth. That document, like everything that pro ceeds from the pal of the Noble Lord, is manly, frank, and honest. 'Without any circumlocution, or diiguise, his Lordship states incontrovertible facts ; and however galling those facts may be to the Tories, every honest and well-informed mind in the kingdom responds to their correctness." VIONET---712 . 1 1DE-COMMEXCE. At a meeting of the Rotherhithe Anti-Corn-law Asso ciation, held on Thursday at that place, the paper bags, used by bakers for the sale of flour, were exhibited, in scribed in large characters as follows ;—" Flour—Cost, 3d. ; Landowners' Tax, lid." The state of distress at Stockport is now being inves tigated officially. During the last week Mr. Wylie, from the Home-office, and on Saturday last Lord Cal thorpe, a Peer of the Realm, a, Mr. Bracebridge, aniinflu ential person, and another gentleman, visited the Bo rough, and made earnest inquiry into the state of thepo pulation. COMMERCIAL ItEPORWX. The meeting of the Anti-Corn-law Conference of Ministers of North Wales, to be held during tho first week ;in December, commenced. on the Ist instant, at Carnarvon. The Independent ministers of North Wales are all Corn-law repealers ; so are the Baptist ministers, who numb er fif ty . F our o the Calvinistic ministers are for repeal, and the remaining fifty-six remain at present silent. The Wesleyans are few, but have avowed their hearty co-operation. Colonel P. Thompson arrived on SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. (RECEIVED THIS DAY.) COURSING. DEPTFORD MEETING.—(CoNcLUDED.) FRIDAY.—The Cup was won by Captain Wyndham's Whirpool, beating Mr. Etwall's West Wind. The Derby was divided by Mr. Etwall's Eton Boy and Mr. Biggs' Broadside, after an undecided course. The Oaks was won by Mr. Lock's Lady Godiva, beat ing Mr. Etwall's Excuse-me. The Sedghill Stakes were won by Mr. Aggs's Ash; the Fisherton Stakes by Mr. Bowles' Boscobel, and the rest divided. NEWMARKET CHAMPION MEETING. FRIDAY.—Third ties for the Champion Stakes.— Mr. Tyson's Fairy beat Mr. Eaton's Fantail ; Lord Strad broke's Magdalen beat Lord Eglinton's Waterloo. The Consolations Stakes were won by Mr. Caldecot's Delia, beating Mr. Edwards's Antoinette ; and the Newmarket Stakes by Mr. Inskip's Isa, beating Mr. Gil lett's Gambler. Winmarleigh, Dec. I.—The Cup (10 dogs) was won by Mr. Lamb's Leader, beating Mr. Moore's Leader. The Patten Stakes were won by Mr. Lamb's Lute, beat in.. Mr. Rothwell's Relief, and the Puppy Stakes (8 dogs) by Walmsley's Dart, heating Mr.ll ornby 's Hydrangia. Streatham Park, Nov. 25 and 26.—The Cup Stakes of 10 guineas each (14 dogs), were won by Mr. S. Wet king's Byron, the South Durham Stakes (16 puppies), by Mr. Bilton's Bashful, and the Stainton Stakes (16 dogs), by Mr. Cotton's Holdfast. Snitterfield, Nov. 29 and 30.—The Cup was won by Mr. Wake's Merriman ; the Warwick Stakes by Mr. Wake's Tomboy ; and the Stratford-on-Avon Stales by Mr. Cross's Driver. Lambourn, Nov. 30.—The Puppy Stakes were won by Mr. Kennard's Jim Crow ; the All -aged Stakes by Mr. Palmer's Hector ; and the Ashd own Stakes by Mr. urford's Beat-them-all APPRENTICES TO INSOLVENTS.--It has been recently decided by the Justices in Sessions, that an in solvent, after his discharge, cannot require his appren tice to continue to serve him, he not having tools and business to properly teach the boy his trade, and the in dentures were ordered to be cancelled. Wednesday, and lends his powerful assistance. State ments at present are only commencing, but the distress instanced as existing at Talsarn, where one woman had lived the whole of last winter on potatoe-pcel, gives a sample of what will follow. PUBLIC ZIVIPROVEMENTS. The convicts in the prisons of Nassau, Germany, are not only instructed while prisoners, so as to convert them into honest men ; but they receive on their dis charge money and clothing to reinstate them respectably in the world. In Rhine-Prussia, as soon as the prisoner is liberated he is protected and assisted by the Rheno- Westphalian Society ; and in Austria the police autho rities are bound to superintend him and aid his restora tion to society. We mentioned last week a Society now forming for a similar purpose in Surrey, supported by the Magistrates of the county. NAVAL AND PIaLITAILY. A new 90-gun-ship, to be named the Hannibal, is on the stocks at Woolwich dockyard, and will be a splendid vessel. The Niger expedition had on the 22d of September ascended the river to the confluence of the Tchadda and Quorra. Eight European sailors had died since the ex pedition had left England. Resistance is expected from the people on the banks of the rivers. Major Kendall's company, 4th battalion of the Royal Artillery, are about to sail in the Numa transport-ship for Barbadoes, to relieve Captain Morgan's company, which has been there since the 28th of December, 1834. LAW AND POLICE. Samuel Bundy Williams who was examined at Bow. street, on two occasions, on a charge of stealing a quan tity of plate, value 2001., the property of the Rev. Dr. Giles, of Windlesham Hall, near Bagshot, Surrey, from whom he rented the mansion ready furnished, was again ,brought before Mr. Jardine yesterday, charged with stealing 16 dozens of wine, which were in the cellars at the time he became possessed of the premises. After evidence had been heard, the Magistrate said he would remand the prisoner for a week, in order to give him time to procure some witnesses from Ireland. George Baker, a supernumerary City policeman, was brought before Mr. Alderman Hooper, at Guildhall, charged with receiving half-a-crown from the father of a pickpocket, against whom he was about to give evi dence at the Old Bailey. Two persons swore distinctly that they saw the money given to the prisoner, who somewhat faintly denied the charge. It was evident, how ever, that he had been treated by the prisoner's father, and the Alderman said he was unfit to remain in the force, and as the Commissioners would discharge him, he would inflict no punishment. The trial of the Packards and Alfred Kennett, in dieted for killing and slaying Michael Aungier, was con cluded yesterday, aad a verdict returned against the three of Manslaughter. They were sentenced to one month's imprisonment in Newgate. In the case of Dr. Williamson, the Head Master of Westminster School, against Dr. Collier, Editor of Celsus and the London Pharmacoptzia, tried at the Common Pleas yesterday, in which the plaintiff sought to recover for the schooling of the defendant's sons, the Jury re turned a verdict at once for th plaintiff to the full amount claimed. Dr. Collier defended the action only on the ground of principle, pleading the maltreatment of his sons, the bad practices they had imbibed, and their ne glected education. LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC. The modern literature of Germany has hardly reached its hundredth year ; and considerably within that period Shakspeare was unknown in Germany, for Bodiner quotes him under the name of " Sasper," and a biblio polist of those days lately asserted that he had heard a good deal about him, but had never been able to procure his works. T. Oliphant, Esq., many years Secretary of the Ma drigal Society, has been appointed to fill the newly created office of musical librarian to that Institution. Manackjee Cursetjee, the rich and accomplished Parsee of Bombay, also a poet and learned man, dined with Sir Robert and others o f th e Mi n i sters, at their houses, dur ing his stay here. He left town for Paris on Thursday, and returns to Bombay by the spring. COUUT - PIiSHIONAZLE. The Duchess of Hamilton is is seriously indisposed at her house in Portman-square. The Marquis of Lansdowne left town yesterday for Bowood Park, Wilts. Lord Cosmo Russell left the seat of the Marquis of Abercorn, on Monday, to join his regiment, the 93d Highlanders, at Dundee. The Earl and Countess of Wilton returned to town on Wednesday from Badminton, the hospitable seat of the Duke and Duchess of Beaufort, and have since gone to Strathfieldsaye, on a visit to the Duke of Wellington. The Duke and Duchess of Bedford have been enter taining a select party at Woburn during the week. The Earl of Devon is residing at rowderham Castle, South Devon. MISCELMANEOUS. At Stockport every principal street in the town is no, more than a fourth occupied, and in the cross and back streets there are no less than two thousand empty dwell ings. As if the fact were not sufficiently illustrative of itself, some one has written about the walls of the town, " Stockport to let. Inquire of the Town-clerk." Manchester has this last week witnessed its streets swept by machinery. This machinery is in form of a cart drawn by one horse, the motion of which impels a number of revolving brushes, which take up the dirt into the body of the cart itself as the receiver—upon the same principle, substituting brushes for buckets, as the dredging machine in our docks. A singular instance of the strange things conveyed through the Post-office since the penny system was esta blished, occurred in Bath on Friday, when a letter was received from Devonshire containing a portion of the branch of an apple tree, with the leaves and three young apples upon it! Another singular circumstance is, that the apples should hare been growing at - this season of the year. The Birmingham Advertiser says:—"lt is currently rumoured that, amongst the elevations consequent upon the birth of the Duke of Cornwall, James Taylor, Esq., of Moseley, the respected father of one of the Members for East Worcestershire, *ill be raised to the dignity of a Baronet." Previous to the review on Monday last, by his Excel lency the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, of the 78th High landers, a sergeant of hussars put his hand into his pocket to give the elephant, belonging to the regiment, a half penny, with whi c h h e would have, according to his custom, .proceeded to buy fruit. Thinking the soldier was delaying him too long, or mocking him, he seized him round the middle, lifted him in the air with his trunk, and dashed him on the ground, fortunately with out bruising him much.—This elephant displayed as ravenous a craving for the blunt as the Bishop of Exeter for his fat rectory of Stanhope! To-day is the anniversary of the death of Cardinal Richelieu, in 1642—a man of prodigious capacity, and insatiable ambition. His qualities were rather great than good, and he was more admired than beloved. THE MARKETS-(THIS DAY.) NBWGATE AND LEADENHALL. The supplies were moderate of all kinds of meat, with a good demand, but in prices no variation took place. Beef, 3s. to 4s. ; Mutton, 3s. to 4s. ; Veal, 3s. Bd. to -Is. Bd. ; Pork, 3s. 10d. to ss. 4d. per stone of 8 lb. Game and Poultry were in good request, supplies being small ; higher rates in a few instances only wore paid. Eggs in good demand at the late advance. WHITECHAPEL MARKET. For Pork and choice Veal the Trade was good, but bad for all descriptions of middling meat. The supply of country-killed meat very limited.-Beef, 2s. Bd. to 45.; Mutton, 2s. to 3s. 10d. ; Veal, 3s. 4d. to ss. ; Pork, 3s. Bd. to ss. 6d. Clover, 3/. to 5/. 155.; Hay, 21. to 4/. Bs.; Straw, 1/. Bd. to 11. 12e. TEA MARKET. The operations in free trade were small, but holders were firm, and would not sell common Congou under Is. 9d. cash. Company's dull of sale at that rate. TALLOW MARKET. There was a good demand for P.Y. Candle, and prices were firm ; 48s. 3d. to 48s. 6d. on the spot and for de livery up to the end of the year, and 495. to 495. 3d. for spring months. Town Tallow 50s. 6d. cash. SPIRIT MARKET. Prices of Rum are on the decline, and few buyer s t o b e met with. Proof L eewar d s Is. 10d. Brandy met with a fair sale at firm rates. Corn Spirits in brisk request at IQs. 4d. cash. FRUIT MARKET. A brisk demand for home cousumption ; 365. paid for the best Valentia Raisins, and 565. to 61s. for New Cur rants. The supply large. METAL MARKET. A lively demand for Spelter, and prices firm at 381 on the spot. Iron firm and in demand. Lead was taken sparingly, but prices were firm. Tin met with more attention, and prices were firm. EVENING SUN EXCHEQUER B I LL AFFAIR• T 1 A Y). CRIMINAL COURT-(THIS A'-- OLD COURT. tr i al It being genera lly un d ers tood that the ffy Edward Beaumont Smith, for the forgerY ° the chequer bills, would take place to da y' the Court was cro w d e d at an early hour. (4 2 , bench we noti ce d L or d Monteagle, Sir TIOO : Troubridge, Si r J o h n D ean Paul, and 3,efo veol re influential persons in the City. ShortlY ". ten o'clock, the Attorney-General, the Sobeterej General, and Si r Th oma s Wilder ell a r, the Court, and t oo k th e i r sea ts within t he les t At ten o'clock M r . Baron Parke took his,a' o/ on the Bench, a n d th e p r i so ner was haw ed ; bu t placed at the Ba r . H e a ppeared collec tea looked extremely pale. then Mr. Clarke, the Cl er k of the Arraig ns, said—" Edward Beaumont Smith, Y°° are -t o dieted for that you on the 10th of Aug -st f i e lds, at the parish of S a i n t M a rtin's-in -th e ' bill, did feloniously forge a certain Exchecluerbered dated the 16th of J une 1841, and 11° In to de. 6,405, for the s um o f 1,0001., w ith interes t, 0d a sea fraud her Majesty the Queen. In utte ria count you are charged with feloniously ot her and putting off a like Exchequer bill. In with counts you are charged in a like niall ile go t. intent to defraud Thomas Spring Bar e ': es tc'i eagle, Comptroller-General of her ' 3 . l a re Exchequer; and i n t wo o ther counts tio de charged in a like manner w ith the l Areat you fraud Francis Townly Ibbertson. guilty or not guilty ?" said, a 10 The" prisoner, in a fi rm voice, Lord, I plead Guilty." Cler l ‘ f Mr. Baron P ARKE t h en di rec ted th e d T on , the Arraigns to call the prisoner up fort you Mr. Clarke—" Ed war d B eaum ont Smi t . o g ' o, of stand convicted, upon your own con fess j i ty the forgery. Have you anything to say or dia Court should not giv e y ou judgment °cc to law r a dato The prisoner the n rea d th e f o llowing o der in a low tone of voice, and appar el/11f feelings of great agony : bil e " I pray your Lordship's indulgence b e fore offer a few words to your considerst ° e t ds you discharge the d u ty w hi c h my e °-o nee imposed upon you, th a t o f pass i n g selltfe-e-is I'e' me. I would have received that 5e 016 , 11 , 0 ed t h t spectful silence, and h ave th ere by slig u 'li c period of my painful ex p osure as a O v a In pe n I nal at this bar, and would have returli g a tha t tence to my cell, did I no t feel ' int iore llt owe it to public j us ti ce , t o the lae e " a ce persons whom my c on d uc t may h also 10 in circumstances o f susp i c i on , and 1 lio v ' , myself; to say a few w or d s . The tr im- e o o* committed is great. Id o no t atten 3 P t . t9 fo gcott ell or to extenuate it ; b u t it w ill not be t and aide'ciur lively I have submitted,myself to Inee - ,„t 0; sively to bear all the consequences of Tashi 111.- and I have not sought to screen inY i s e j re ete; addition of duplicity or meanness, am , dist f fully implore the Co ur t no t t o think 7„,itY ,° not feel all the weight and call d the offence itself, because I humb l y le altit e attention to circumsta nces w hich a i r t e o ; t h o e o r ior ae ; to show that I have n o t b eco me a based in my feelings a n d principles. Pe Adel icet difficulty, arising from misplaced e oll ;fved and unconnected with discredit, and Ito limited extent, no t excee di ng a few t oilet pounds, althou g h b e y on d m y means f tb° s ' first exposed m e t o th e sugg estions ° ar y re who tempted me t o o bt a i n a te0 1 1 ) , °1 pichr lief by the fraudulent fabrication ° I ti hot- for quer bills, to be pled ge d for a 8- ile a and then to be red eeme d and ean ce. w itlo l. ever. I yielded to the temptation, bu t Or obtaining the promised reli e f; and 011C0 t ate , t i t mitted, I became in the power of the te A lir and my retreat has been prevented' t ole° and beguiled by a plausibility, power, W I ie j be' which I could not resist, I became entaug i4 yond escape, and whil e Exchequer bikipeCe( obtained from me to a n enormous extent,'oce derived benefit even to th e sma ll extent -p, sary to relieve me from my_comparativelf po t embarrassments, and I a m a t t hi s nw rj . . l ,; o ra' 34 , debt for money actually b orrowe d from unconnected with Exchequer bills to rsv ve my original incumbra nces . A sorditi f O i d I t , ous motive has never influenced me , : been sacrificed to the objects of otherriecl6lloo ever speculations may hav e bee° cs ag er 0 those who have used th ese Eo ll , e ' o nCY l3 ra- or profit, or even acco un t e ith er of the josse'bed or speculations ent ere d i n t o , o r of • eve r re a , e c ar gains which ha v e resu lt e d, have s o.. me, and never was intended to do we, u t, after year bills have been wrung fr o l ; t hose 0.- 0 j s p t r a e n t d e n c g e , of u r redeeming in t g o and prev c ae prevent e dd i t i i i is l ie : oosvci:c r aa y sti , ioooo : teo,e afterwards, by the repeated InisilPP ore n/ t , them, the necessity was created f or ill t hefrigl, complish the original purpose; ful issue which has taken place wa s reel op po If those yet unstained by guilt cou l d ; r oe, t , the horrors which attend a course of c r " ofr sentence of the law would be 'necessary 1 it , A agarl and deter them f rom en t er ing 11 P° r1 born of a family upon which disgra c o f lOtc lighted till now; educated in tea princiPleoti, ; grity and honour, I have lived respee d the co I believe, esteemed ; and I have enjoy ed 00s. . fidence of many highly honourable Per' 0 11 ' guilty et am now, by my own confession, a g • 9 11 C nal, exposed and trembling at the bar ofd of 01 and shrinking with agony from the go o , (lie n former friends. If any there are wh° sir posed to think my principles and e . ",, ir ceo: aggravate my crime, let them forbear to t ; loa c ll sure till they have also estimated by 11° 0 0 11 their deepen my condition, and aggrairtile ter' punishment. I have lived for years in a wl' tarn anticipation of this dreadful hour, a ll er bor_ ii °, e ing that it .was certain to come, except, O i. v t , sw; by my own feelings, I should escape it 11 ; 00 0 111- J greater crime or by flight, uncertain howSa period of detection would occur, every 61 % almost every hour, has awakened som e 010 eterf it should ha ve arr i ve d, and that my cilia s L t o a r t d io , n d , u a ri n n d g c t o h m e f t o im rt e w th er a e t d h es t p r o a y s t e itrveqar%li 1110 cil guilty means and strong temptation to u se my - ar fly,que r a b l i i l d lst r r e a b is y e sufficientescape prese m oney to n et: adbil: c gracee e c i But however the word honour may be 5 & o Ot t to be prostituted by my using it, I y et i3i B g that I have been restrained from d orr3 flying knelt money for such a purpose, becaus e . e th, that in my absence' suspicion would ar:criol: others had been eith er negligently ° o f Ow nally instrumental in the commiss i f a n be t il l fraud, and that public alarm w° lll ,, t hee consequence to a greater extent ai l- dist :es* justified. During the long period of 1 n r,,,,ed t . 0 therefore, although I was overcome, 9 ,0 01 10 t ot continue . the commission of my offences 01 11 ‘,. meeting immediate dis g race, and forbore.' ribici: a full disclo sure o f my p re vious con ductl e aolV e° I had often d es i re d t o d o; I yet alway s mild that whenever the time of discovery sit ivyself that I would rema i n an d instantly av ow' a the as the solely guilty official person, and 111 ti a ng best reparation in my power, by proven t,oblicr necessary alarm and agitation to the e _ r . pfii ° and that I wou ld bear, with W hateY 1 r jo y and remorse, the ; ocen l guilt, and not permit the .nn t er honourable persons in office, whether c joo unjust snsl3 e or low, to be exposed to uni oi ro,Y V01"11 acted yet al 110. . 1 , , whole consequence 4 9 ! a nd However guilty, therefore, I a prisoner, and destitute of means, more C on e under the influence of feelings nnie ll t u'e a s o e n ts a n w t h lT e th . e 'dons beioi nit/ you, my Lord, by the depositions at° L y ve ge b i r je o r u a g l hme had 11 i c ed, to escape, and when suspicion r alas will have learned that with ample °P o P t th e rne, - Tor slightest degree alighted upon charactert titil;:nbar ; noti a r t W as sury the most distinct confession din' made to the respectable Solicitor of the the sole official author of the misel lie V e bl lo;- . stantly submitted myself to the doom W r