The Sun. — London, England, 1870-04-16 00:00:00

THE EMIGRATION MOVEMENT. On Thursday about 580 emigrants —men, women, and children—left the Victoria Docks, London, in the large screw steamer Medway, bound for the Dominion of Canada, under the auspices of the managing committee of the British and Colonial Emigration Fund. It was the first party sent thither by the society in the present year. The emigrants came from various parts of England, some from so far away as Torquay ; but the great majo rity of them were Londoners, and, as was natural, they were accompanied to the place of embarkation by the relatives and friends whom they were leaving—" it may be for years or it may . be for ever "—who crowded the wharves and jetties in the neighbourhood and lingered long about the piers to bid them a sad but hope ful farewell. Each of the travellers had provided, either with or without assistance from Mends 23 towards the expense of his or her passage—the difference between that and £7, the whole cost, being made up out of the funds at the disposal of the society— and they were pronounced by those who are accustomed to these matters to be a decidedly superior class of emigrants. The whole party embarked between ten and eleven o'clock, and shortly afterwards, the ship, which is excellently appointed, sailed away. For the information and encouragement of intending emigrants it may be desirable to state what preparations are made for their reception at the further side of the Atlantic. These were explained •on board the Medway on Thurs day by Mr. Dixon. the Canadian emigration agent in this country, who is well en titl e d t o s p ea k on th e su bj ec t. First of all, he takes care from time to time to send out to the Government authorities at Quebec lists of emi grants who are preparing to embark from this country, containing the name, age, and occupation of each, with the number of children where there are children, and these lists arrive at Quebec a week or a fort night before the emigrants themselves reach their destination. The chief Government agent there is Mr. L. Stafford, who is thus prepared be forehand for their arrival, and makes the requisite prepa rations. The most of them on landing at Quebec are usually sent on to Toronto, where the Government has established a depot for the reception and accommodation of emigrants, under the charge of Mr. Donaldson, chief emigration agent for Ontario, and who, being in commu nication with the magistrates and municipal authorities all over the province, is enabled to pass them on to parts of the country where work is awaiting them. There are agents in many other of the principal towns, including Montreal, Ottawa, Kingston, and Hamilton, acting in concert with Mr. Stafford, the chief representative of the Dominion at Quebec, and it is in contemplation to establish other agencies. The Hon. Christopher Dunkin, Commissioner of Emigration at Ottawa, is said to be a very energetic man, and to be infusing fresh life into the movement. STREET TRAMWAYS. An interesting report on the subject of the new com mercial rage—street tramways—has been presented to the Finance and Improvement Committee of the City Com missioners of Sewers by their engineer, Mr. Haywood. Speaking of the prospects of the movement, he says : The total length of street tramways now projected in the metropolis is 134 miles. Should they be authorised they will be but the precursors of others ; indeed, in the event of any considerable length of tramway being successful, it_ is probable that within a few years between two and three hundred miles of tram way will be formed within the metropolitan area. No leading thoroughfare is likely to be without them. Nor is it likely that they will he confined to London ; for the towns of England which have large traffic will un doubtedly adopt them ; they will perhaps also be laid in the country to connect districts between which there is much traffic, whether of goods or persons, and will certainly be laid for the conveyance of merchandize and materials to the various railways so that the total length of tramway throughout the kingdom may, perhaps, within a few years be reckoned by thousands rather than by hundreds of miles. It is not absolutely needful that tramways should be used by omnibuses alone, or that the traction should be by animal power only ; and should they succeed as omnibus lines, and be made for the conveyance of merchandize, the probability is (unpleasant as the notion may now seem to us) that powers will be sought to run steam engines upon them, in which case steam engines dragging omnibuses along the streets seems a natural consequence. Then Mr. Haywood proceeds to consider the details of the system. Of the facility of traction, he says there can be no doubt. With regard to comfort, the vehicles used in America are easy of access, lofty., and well ventilated, a n d if th e ra il s are well laid, and the carriages are well built, the smooth ness of the motion and quickness are much greater. I have travelled in them in America, Canada, and many of the largest towns in Europe, and upon the whole do not doubt that they are, in every sense, more comfortable conveyances than ordinary omnibuses are ; but this comfort greatly depends upon the way in which the rails are laid and the carriages built and regulated, for if these points be not attended to the jolting and jarring is very little less than that experienced in omnibuses at the present time. Each car (I use the American term as it seems likely to become localised here) will hold at least double the number of an ordinary omnibus, and it follows, therefore, that half the present number of vehicles would suffice for the same number of passengers. As the cars cannot travel but on their track, they can be easily avoided by other vehicles, if there is room to do so. Omnibuses now draw across the most crowded streets to take up and set down passengers, and thereby obstruct the traffic ; this cannot take place with the tramway cars, and upon the whole it may be assumed that from these causes the vehicular traffic will be partially relieved by tramways. As to monopoly of the way, Mr. Haywood says this cannot be said strictly to be the case; the companies seek the monopoly of a form of wheel to be used upon the rails, but do not and cannot prevent other vehicles from running over or on the rails. If the rails were so laid as practically to prevent other carriages run ning over them, a monopoly would then be esta blished, but this need not be the case, nor is it intended to be so. Mr. Haywood thinks there is no probability that the cars will obstruct the traffic. He says :—lt will, of course, be very easy for other vehicles to obstruct the cars maliciously, inasmuch as the cars cannot leave the trams, but in fair usage of the highways there will be no more necessity for vehicles to get in the way of these cars than at the present time to get in the way of omnibuses ; the cars will and must pass on their way without needless delay, and if the other vehiclei do the same no serious obstruc tion can ensue. Attempts may be expected to be made to prove that the cars do obstruct the traffic, but the fair administration of the law will soon cause them to cease to do so. Objections , have been raised to the rapi dity with which the cars will travel, but, like other vehi cles, they may not exceed a safe pace, or the drivers may be punished ; one thing is certain, they must follow each other speedily—loitering, nursing and similar devices can not take place to the public detriment ; they cannot delay, or the cars will be close upon each other ; and therefore upon the average of an ordinary journey there will be greater speed than that of the present omnibuses, and the public may be able to calculate the time a journey will take with greater certainty than they do at present— results by no means to be slighted. It has been said that those crossing the roads will not be able to avoid the cars so readily as they do the present omnibuses ; but running as the cars must upon a defined track, it willbe manifestly more easy to cross the roads than it is at the present time when omnibuses cross and pass each other in all directions, and at all speeds, at the same moment. The cars can be stopped as readily as an ordinary omnibus ; indeed, perhaps in a shorter length ; and if this has not yet been done there can be no difficulty in applying mechanical power sufficient to do it. I now come to the important question of the danger and inconvenience to the general traffic. The rails laid in London in 1861 undoubtedly were of such a form as caused awkward twists to the wheels and the axles of vehicles which passed over them diagonally, and therefore some danger was to be apprehended. Those laid down at Liverpool are, I understand, similar to those intended to be laid in the City. They are more free from this defect, but not absolutely so. There is, however, but little cause to complain of the rails of such tramways as regards surface form, so long as they are in good condition. Iron is more slippery than granite, but neither the slipperi ness of the iron nor the groove of the rails at Liverpool have, as far as I can learn, been at present the cause of appreciable danger to the horses and traffic. If it be possible to devise a rail by which this objection can be en tirely obviated, it has not been done ; but the inconveni ence results not so much from the rail itself as from the consequences incidental to the rail, as will be seen when the subject of pavements is referred to. But, coming to the pavement question, Mr. Haywood is of opinion that there will no saving in wear and tear of streets in pla ces o f much traffic. 'The rest of the report is devoted to considerations affecting the local authorities, such as gas-pipe laying, railway construction, &c. GOVERNMENT LIFE INBURANCES.—At the close of the year 1869 there were in existence 2,168 contracts, entered into by the Post Office under the Act of 1864, for insuring sums payable at death amounting to £164,392. The capital in the hands of the National Debt Commissioners in respect of these insu rances is stated at £16,711 Three per Cent. stock, and £BB2 uninvested balance. The transactions of the year 1869 were as follows :-422 new contracts were granted, insuring payment of £32,671 at death ; the receipts of the year were £5,045 ; sums amounting to £538 were p a id under ten contracts of insurance. In calculating the ,pre miums to be charged the English Lif e Table, No. 3, for males," published under the authority of the Registrar- General for England, is used, the rate of interest being taken at three per cent. HELP FOR THE PoOß.—Henry Pownall, the chairman of the Middlesex magistrates, has issued a pamphlet advocating some reforms in connection with the visitation and relief of the poor. He recommends a much greater distinction to be made in poor-houses between the aged poor and the able-bodied, and that greater facilities should be permitted for the relatives and friends of the former to visit them and bring them presents. Especially should the visits of benevolent ladies be encouraged. Their aid in the right management of females is essen tial, while their services in reading to the sick and instructing the young are invaluable. Mr. Pownall shows by prison statistics that the effect of encouraging such visits has been to reduce by one -h a lf , the number of disorderly women sent to gaol from poor-houses. He also recommends that the poor-rates should be raised by national taxation in equable proportions, and that the laws of settlement should be altered. Thus the whole of a certain midland parish is owned by a M. P. who employs on his estate 200 men and women who are not permitted to reside on his land, but in an adjoining parish whose heavily rated tradesmen and other occupants have to pay entirely for the expenses of sickness, vice, and old age of these poor persons, whilst their wealthy neighbour receives the benefit of their labour in time of health. Similarly the affluent West End parishes with low rates enjoy the services of persons who in time of er a, come am the boyily rated, atrviceing EPA raldore• THE SUEZ CAAL. r 1. as r.esseps' statement that £320,000 will be required this year to complete and improVe the word h:):v- - er.r. Port Said and Suez, and that a single" English compan: , put down in its calculations an aranal payment of 4:1.00,000 to the Canal, are both sugg9 f _tive. We have something to say respecting the conditions under which ships make the voyage from sea to sea, but shall deal with M. du Lesseps' financial estimate fii \ . t. It points,we are satisfied, to improvement rather the., completion. That ugly stumbling block, the Serape , m rock, has been removed, and according to the captains or 'navigating officers of the ships ~ vhich have passed through most recently, the portion of the Canal in which it lay is now one of the deepest in the whole distance. But there Rio other things required before the great Work caii be pronounced complete. The project for doubling the width of the Canal, so that ves sels should be enablect,to pass each other at all parts of it, may be passed by 5.„, needless or premature. Ships can be moored and ca. pass each other easily at Kantara, at Lake Timsah, and at the Bitter Lakes ; and it is not likely that in our time the traffic will increase to an extent which will demand greater accommodation than this. But there is other and more important work calling for expenditure, which, as we have reason to believe, have been scarcely touched since the inauguration, and towards the completion 01 which £320,000 will go but a small way. These are broadly the breakwater on the Damietta side of Port Said ; the walling some thirty miles of the banks of the Canal with a stone covering which should be three yards wide and a yard thick ; and a far great& amount of dredg ing than has taken place for months. We have been at some pains to collect the latest information respecting the condition of the Canal from men on the spot, many of whom have been favourable to it throughout, but who are unconnected, commercially or financially, with its for tunes ; and the reader may accept the conclusions arrived at as based upon recent and authentic information. The breakwater at Port Said has, we are assured, already verified all that was predicted f it in this journal, and by the engineering authorities present at the opening. The water from the Damietta side is charged with Nile mud, which filters through the interstices between the monster blocks of concrete, and is making a deposit inside the harbour, which, though insignificant in extent is impor tant as an indication of what must follow unless the break- water is made solid. The necessity for the walling of the sides of the canal received practical illustration a few weeks since, when some thirty tons of sand were blown down or slipped into the water in one lump during the Khamsan, and when the railway between Suez and Cairo was blocked up ; and it seems admitted on all sides that the many powerful dredges lying idle could be employed with advantage to a far greater extent than they are now. M. de Lesseps and the managers of the company must be presumed to know their own business best,. and there may be sound reasons for proposing to limit the expenditure on improve ments to £320,000 ; but the shipping agents at Port Said and Suez, the people anxious for their own sakes that the Canal should attract as much Euro pean and Indian traffic as possible, are outspoken in their complaints, and public opinion on the spot is by no means favourable to the management. That fresh capital must be raised before the Canal can be made perfect even in its present proportions, and that its administration must be purified from the taint of bureaucracy before it can be attended by commercial prosperity, are the points urged most strongly upon strangers by those who maintain, almost angrily, that neither the share holders nor the public are reaping the advantages which should accrue from the Canal's success. No one doubts the permanence of this success now. The doubts and sneers of six months ago have given way to complaints that M. de Lesseps and his colleagues do not go sufficiently with the times, that the fact of having made the Canal does not qualify them for managing it, and that depart ments and staffs of clerks have been multiplied to an extent out of all proportion to. the necessities of the work. The system of managing the transit service is declared to be a vast mistake, being one of large salaries and small results, and we are assured that since the opening, station after station between Port Said and Suez has been given up, until there are none left Save those two termini and Ismailia. Again, by Article 3 of the new rules for the navigation of the canal, " each vessel measuring more than one hundred tons has to take a company's pilot whilst passiog through, who will furnish instructions as to the course to steer, the captain remaining responsible for the con duct and management of his vessel ;" and it is corn complained that no guarantee of efficiency is given with the pilots whom the ships are thus bound to employ and pay for, and that such pilots are uncertificated. Vehement objections are made, too, against what is described as " the pinching policy" of charging fees for small and, as it is said, needless services, such as prohibiting all independent search for articles which may fall into the canal, and charging salvage on them when found by the officers of the company. Ships' anchors, for example, are lying in the canal at this moment because of their owners unwillingness to pay the charges for redeem ing them. Anecdotes are rife, too, cdncerning the rigid formalism which pervades some of the many de partmental rules. We are assured, for example, that when the steamship Queen of the South arrived at Suez some weeks since from Bombay, she was not permitted to enter the Canal, because she had what is called " a list," that is, she hung over on one side, a circumstance which had not prevented her making a prosperous voyage from India, and which, it was maintained, could not have affected her progress through to the Mediterranean. The authorities at Suez insisted, however, on this "list" being put right, and the ship had to be unladen, at a cost of fifteen hundred pounds, and her cargo repacked. When this was done she drew, as we are assured, one foot and a half more on a level keel than she did before, but the letter of the regulations was complied with, and she went through. We have little doubt that there is a consider able exaggeration whenever the drawbacks of the Canal, or the demerits of its management, are under discussion ; and it may easily be that the cloud of detraction in which M. de Lesseps and his friends were enveloped up to the moment of their final triumph, still hangs over their heads. There was necessarily an enormous number of people thrown out of work, too, when the formation of the Canal ceased, and it is but natural that these should be lynx-eyed and many tongued in pointing out defects which seem to prove the necessity for a change in management, and for the em ployment of different hands. Still, after making all allowances for these fruitful sources of mis-statement, it seems clear that the Canal's usefulness might be deve loped to a greater extent than at present; and that if any scheme could be devised by which the amour propre of the original projectors could be protected, while new blood and fresh capital could be thrown into the concern, the public benefit would be considerable. It would be ungracious to even seem to carp at men who have done so mu.. 11 in the teeth of so many formidable, and, as the world said, invincible ob stacles ; but the real question is, are the means at the dis posal of the present proprietary and management suffi cient to give a legitimate development to the Canal ? and when we find such a sum as £320,000 quoted as the estimated expenditure for the coming year, we cannot, in the face of things as they are, and with our knowledge of the sums expended in mere administration, believe that the enterprise has yet arrived, or is in the way of arriving, at the stage of commercial prosperity . to which we and the rest of its well-wishers look. Passing to the English firms who put down large sums in their calculations as payments to the Suez Canal, we have a few very plain words to say respecting the conditions under which their ventures enter the Red Sea. We have before us evidence which is simply indisputable, that the existing charts of that sea are inaccurate ; and it has been put beyond a doubt, by independent investigation, made within the last few weeks, that certain dangerous islands in mid-water are some four miles out in latitude. It happens rather oddly that there are two sets of islands called " The Brothers ' in the Red Sea. Respecting one of these, a group to the southward, we have nothing to say; but the other, falsely . given in the Admiralty chart as in latitude 26 deg. 22 rem., and consisting of a couple of flat islands, said to be 60 feet above the sea's level, but seeming to have far less elevation, ana with deep water right up to them, are simply traps for ships whose captains steer by the Government chart. Independent observa tions were taken from three different vessels last month, and with the same result ; and according to the Arab pilot on one of them, "All Peninsular and Oriental captain know that—charts no good—these Brothers much out— three mile, four mile, God knows. I take big ship down Red Sea long time since—go right ahead, full steam ; I smoke my pipe on bridge—think all right—when I look up and see Brothers close to—so close that my ship very near catch him." According to the same local authority the islands Mussa moroo and Delgabe, and " much more islands in Red Sea," are " quite many miles out, every one know that ;" and the information furnished us by correspondents, for whose trustworthiness we vouch, makes it seem more than pro bable he was right. We pledge ourselves, however, to the example quoted, and one instance is as good as a hundred for proving the necessity of inquiry. So long as the navigation of the Red Sea was almost confined to native dhows and to Peninsular and Oriental captains using their own company's charts, an error more or less in the map published under the authority of the British Admi ralty might not be productive of any very serious disaster. But now that steamers of all nations are being sent through the Canal, and the Red Sea has in consequence become a maritime highway, it is of the first importance that it should be resurveyed. That the soundings published officially should be chiefly negative, and often only rea c h to a third or fourth of the actual depth, is of comparatively small moment. But that rocks, reefs, and shoals should be given as deep water, and deep water as rocks and reefs, i s a f act so pregnant with disaster, so infallibly certain to lead up to catastrophe and loss of life, that it behoves all interested to urge its remedy with the least possible delay. The interesting. " Sailing Directions for the Red Sea," say the Arab pilots may be trusted implicitly, and that their local knowledge renders them invaluable guides to the mariner. This was doubtless true when the book was published. But since the openin, o g of the canal every idl e vaga b on d i n Suez has dubbed himself a pilot, and proffers his services with a confidence which is positively staggering to residents. There is no Trinity Board, and no system of certificating pilots in Egypt. be it remembered ; an d written testi monials - are bequeathed, or lent, or hired, or stolen with facility. Given charts which are untrustworthy, pilots who are ignorant, and rocky reefs, such as " The Bro thers," cropping up like the Serapeum rock, where least expected ; and it seems dear that sea-going England should take some steps to alter the conditions under which she avails herself of the Canal's success. That success was doubted so long and so obstinately that we have not even yet mastered its effects. and probable results • among the first of which would be a now survey of the Red Sea and some guarantee that the acitaiziatra- THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, APRIL 16, 1870. 3".. -- 4n and management of the Canal are completely Round. —Daily News. MONEY AND BUSINESS. (From the Springfield Republican, April 1.) AN OFFICIAL REPORT. An official inspection of the Suez Canal was -made at the beginning of the year, by direction of the Lords of the Admiralty. The inspectors appointed were Captain Richards, R.N., Hydrographer to the Admiralty, and Colonel Clarke, R.E., the Admiralty Di rector of Works. The special points of the report were-1. The present condition of the Canal. 2. The works proposed in connection with it. 3. The extent to which the Canal might be available for the pur poses of her Majesty's naval and transport services. The Canal is SS ge.ographical miles long, 66 being actual Canal, and 22 miles lake. The inspeCtion occupied only 12 days. The opening of the canal, according to this account, was somewhat premature, and much remains to be clone to improve and facilitate the transit, especially for large ships. There were five shallows caused by the upheaval of gy-psium rocks in process of removal, and the curves, like the shoals, are five in number. One of these is being widened, and the whole of them are to be improved, though it will demand the excavation of nearly half a million cubic yards. There are other improvements in contemplation, beacons at intervals on the banks, pillars for securing ships, and numerous buoys. All these improvements are to be executed by the end of the present year. Port Said was specially examined by the inspectors, who have come to the conclusion that no practical inconvenience need be apprehended from the Nile mud. The danger of the mud filling up the harbour or creat ing a bank outside the mouth is too remote be heeded, as 300 years would be required to produce a sensible change. The sand is a more troublesome enemy, and though thirty days annual dredging will, in the opinion of the inspectors be amply sufficient to keep it at bay, it will be a source of trouble and expense. At the Suez entrance the port is easy of access. The company is making a basin, and the Egyptian Government have made a large dry dock. Very shortly the largest ships of the Peninsular and Oriental Company will be able to lie alongside with a draught of 21 feet 6 inches. The inspectors say that most of the physical difficulties which it was anticipated would operate prejudicially on the Canal, if not altogether bar it as a navigable channel, have certainly proved to have been fallacious. The difference of level of the two seas, so far as it has had any effect in producing a current one way or the other, is inappreciable ; and except at the Suez end the tides will not •materially affect the pas sage of vessels. With regard to the question of evaporation, it is impossible to say that a hot summer will produce no appreciable effect on the water of the Great Lake, but it may be fairly predicted that no serious effect will result sufficient to produce a disturbing influ ence on the general conditions of the Canal, and thereby affect its navigation. The inspectors are of opinion that the Canal. will b.; available for all ordinary ships of the navy. The saving in time by the Canal would be 36 days ; but the question is how far this would compensate for the extra expenditure of fuel. The conclusions at which the report arrives are highly favourable to the Canal. They are as follows That for a certain class of vessels this great work, which must always be a monument of persevering energy and engineering skill, as it now s t a nds, is a convenient mode of passage from the Medi terranean to the Red Sea. 2. That it will be so to a greater extent when the works contemplated, viz., the deepening of certain shallow parts, the enlarge ment of the Bares, and the widening and improve ment of the curves, are carried out. 3. That it is avail able for the transit of ships employed in the Eastern seas, with the exception of the large iron-clads and other exceptionally heavy vessels. 4. That for the pre sent type of Indian transports it is not a desirable route. 5. Further, we think that the cost of maintenance will not exceed the amount estimated for it when the work was first projected. With regard to the prospects of the Canal as the grand highway from Europe to the East they consider that its real drawback is its narrowness, and that it would be highly desirable to increase its width ; but the present company is very unlikely to undertake the task. Had its width been doubled it might have become " a permanent navigable route for the largest ships from sea to sea." Another week has passed without a solution of the pro blems of finance now before Congress. The Funding Bill and Sumner's Bill hang by the gills in committee and await the disposal of questions of reconstruction, foreign policy, and tariff, but their turn will come. The country at large, however, continues to give attention to the Fund ing Bill, and seems to entertain a better opinion of it, the longer it thinks of it. The banks of Chicago have met and resolved that the measure would be their destruction, but the'Republican of that city says that they were never in a more prosperous condition, and stand in no danger of being driven out of the business under the new provision. The eastern banks have manifested great indifference iu regard to the measure, and Secretary Boutwell is aware of but few who object to it. The high quotations of bank stock, averaging at New York 25 per cent. above par, are in no way disturbed by the present prospect. One of the latest criticisms on the bill is that the banks, if they at tempt to go on, will overburden the market with the 6 per cents., which they withdraw from the Government and replace with 41 per cents., and thus produce a decline in the former class of bonds and a panic, not only here, but abroad. The apprehension of this direful catastrophe is founded on an ingenious blindness to other cotempora neous events. The banks can dispose of their 6 per cents. only as fast as they deposit the 41 per cents., and the Go vernment, as fast as it thus disposes of the latter, will invest in the former, so that the bond market will be provided with an antomatic regulator preventive of serious or sudden fluctuations. In fact, the idea that the Funding Bill, if it becomes law, will produce a finan cial earthquake of any sort is preposterous, from the very condition of the country. Financially and commer cially, we are already in a state of armed neutrality,— armed collapse perhaps. Business is at a low ebb, but secure. Everybody is prepared for the worst, and the worst could do us little damage. We have ar rived, through the natural course of events, at a time when radical changes in banking and finance can be consummated without seriously affecting the business of the country, except for the Letter. Such a time comes only once in a decade and never in time of peace till after a financial smash. The past five years have wrought out for usall the purification of a commercial crisis, without having at any one time precipitated one. The war so quickened every sense of the people that they were able to foresee and avoid financial breakers, on to which in the easy days of peace they would be driven at full speed. The occasion then is most felici ous for the operation of such a measure as the one now before Congress, and we cannot afford to lose the golden opportunity for reform. The business of the country is ready for it and waiting, and will not go on until it is passed. Money-holders refuse to invest iu business, and hence the continued ease of the market. The slight changes in the bank statements from week to week indicate the prevailing stagnation. Gold during the past week has been steady and dull. The "private advices from Wash ington" have worn out their power to agitate the market, and the commercial movement is so small as to excite no interest, The premium has declined from 1121 to 1111 to 1114. Foreign exchange is abundant at 1081. There hasbeen some misapprehension, by the way, of the new silver tariff in Canada. It makes American silver a legal-tender for only 80 per cent., but it was previously rated at 10 per cent, below par, so that the real depreciation is only 4 per cent. Some of the banks have been thinking of holding their reserve in silver coin, but Controller Hurlburd de cides that they only do so to the extent of $5, since over that amount silver is not a legal tender,. The Ilammonia on Wednesday brought over $1,000,000 in francs from Paris. Governments have not been dealt in heavily, but maintain their steadiness. The London and Frankfort markets have been less active and inclined to a slight fall ing off in price. This reaction from the excessive dealing and rapid advance of a few weeks ago might have been expected, and will probably be only temporary. Jndeed on Tuesday there was an advance at New York of 1 to I per cent on Five-Twenties and 2 to 1 per cent. on Ten- Forties. Buyers found the markets very bare, and any unusual call would have resulted in a more marked ad vance. On Wednesday the activity continued, there being more transactions than on any day for some months, and the quotations at London were up to 91. Secretary Bout well will sell a million of gold on April 6 and April 20 each ; he will buy a million of bonds on each of four days, April 7, 13, 21, and 27. The bonds of the Southern States have not been so buoyant on account of distrust in the foreign markets, but are recovering. It is estimated t' at one hundred million of State Bonds are held abroad, of which there are seven and a half millions of Vir ginias, five and a quarter of Loulsianas, and one and a half of Alabamas. Probably the credit of these and the other Southern States is really the best now that it lies been at any time during the war, except, perhaps, iu the case of Tennessee, and the only cause for the recent break must lie in the well-known liability of foreign capitalists to misapprehend the tendency of American affairs. Loui siana has just succeeded iu placing $2,000,000 of Eight per Cent. Levee Bonds at 90 per cent. with parties in New York, who took them on foreign account. The issue of another million was authorised by the Legislature of that State ; but the prompt negotiation of the above, it is generally thought, will render unnecessary the placing of the rest. The State had out only one million of Eight per Cents. previous to this loan, all the other bonds bearing 6 per cent. Tennessee Bonds are higher than they were a month ago, in spite of Congressional tinkering. The Stock Market has been quiet daring the past week. The Chicago Tribune says that the Milwaukee clique has aban doned its efforts to control the North Western, and that the company will split before it will unite with Rock Island and the Pennsylvania Central. The refusal of the New Jersey Central Railroad to register its stock accord ing to the rule of the Stock Exchange is likely to lead to the expulsion of that stock from the calls of. the New York Exchange ; then there will be a great hurrah over it, and it will be subsequently readmitted. The Lake Shore annual report, made April 1, shows a net profit in the capital steak of 10 per cent., of which 8 per cent. will be disbursed in dividends. The Rock Island earned fully 111 per cent. on its $16,000,000 of stock, and divided up 7, passing the rest to the surplus account. The Missouri Pacific for the year ending Feb. 28 earned $3,211,531, an increase of about $120,000 over last year, $886,11. 3 being net. The agent of the Kansas Pacific has just returned from Europe with the means to finish that road through to Denver by August 1, by which time the Denver and Cheyenne Railroad will complete the con nection with the Union Pacific. These parallel lines make the Union Pacific more anxious for consolidation with the Central, which, having no competition, awaits such a connection with becoming placidity. General business is only fair, and disappoints those who were hoping for a good spring trade. The gold values of the imports of New York from July 1 to March 26 were $202,412,339, an increase over 1869 of seven millions ; the exports were $149,621,339, against $114'719,910. The export of gold has been $23,036,923, against $30,535,028. These figures show a larger foreign trade than last year, and also that the balance of trade against us is being slowly turned. The high pries of cotton has contributed largely to this result, that staple not having declined so much as breadstuffs. The Boston Post is appalled at the abundance of our crop, and looks for a marked decline. It thinks we shall have 1,900,000 bales to export, out of a crop of 3,025,000, and that this will be 300,000 to 500,000 bales in excess of the European consumption. The latest mails from Europe promise a higher price for wheat. This staple will rise with corn, which in America yielded a small crop at the West, and was not planted extensively at the Soutb,where it constitutes the principal diet of the negroes. Provisions have been in better demand for export. The pork and beef-packing season at the West, beginning with October 1, now closes. The total number of hogs packed this year was 2,575,262; last year, 2,499,173. The average weight this year was 198 pounds ; last year, 2061. The yield of leaf lard this year was 231 pounds; last year, 241 pounds ; net decrease 1 per cent. A Chicago circular gives this resume of the season :—" About the last half of November the drovers and country dealers began to dis play their customary tactics, loudly asserting that the hog crop of the West was ruinously short, and succeeded in making the packers believe it, and from November 15 to December 15 the packers ran up the price of live hogs from $8.90 to $9.70 to $9.60 to $11.65 per hundred weight. About this time packers came to the conclusion they would not run their houses at a loss any longer, the short crop bubble burst, and a general tumble followed, so much so that in twelve days there was a decline of $1.50. After the first half of December a few of the large packers began to sell for future, and made a fair profit, but for the packing interest generally the season's busi ness has been extremely unprofitable, almost disastrous. Speculation in mess k set in as early as August, and continued active until about the let of March, when, owing to a misunderstanding in regard to what should be considered pork suitable to fill previous contracts, the specula ive element of the trade generally withdrew. A noticeable feature in the trade the past season was the in crease of orders from the south-west and extreme southern points. Heretofore these orders have been Oiled in Pahl more, Philadelphia, Louisville, or Cincinnati, but during the past year a direct trade has been developed with Charleston, Motile, and Savannah. New Germany, Natal, seem to be particularly favourable to longevity. The minister (the Rev. Mr. Possult) writes by last mail as follows :—" Old Meyer, 107 years of age, is still alive and well attended. Naseker, 64 years old, has just been married to widow Bierboum, aged 57 years. We have had no death for the last fifteen months." TURKEY AND THE HOLY SEE.—Some time ago Turkey proposed to enter into a Concordat with the Holy See and Rust= Bey, Turkish Minister at Flo rence, was sent to Rome for the express purpose of open ing negotiations with respect to the Concordat. Cardinal Antonelli replied to Rustum Bey that the Roman Court could not break the rule she had made never to concede ;no power of making bishops to any but Christian sovereigns. There was justice in this remark, for it would be somewhat inconsistent for a Mussulman Prince to nominate Christian bishons. One hundred and sixty-six emigrants, chiefly !vim Clare and Galway, left Cork on Wednesday for America. The Cork Herald says it is expected that if the Land Bill is not passed this session evictions on an unpre cedented scale will take place in Ireland in order to avoid the payment of the compensation proposed. Sin GEORGE LEIVIS.—Sir George Lewis's was no ordinary character. There was mixed with his clear Intelligence and capacity for profound and distinct thought c, peculiar singleness and simplicity with which such quali ties are rarely found in union. A part of this simplicity was his entire freedom from vanity. Aware of his own superiority he could hardly fail to be, but on no occasion was he ever tempted to make a display of it, either in order to obtain praise or gain an advantage. The fact that his intellect was powerful never offered to him in his early life, as it might have done to other young men, a tempta tion to be contented with its existing s t re ngth; his anxiety and assiduity to improve and to extend it were interrupted. Very few scholars have, I'believe, permitted so small a portion of their time to remain unemployed—very few de voted so large a portion of it to careful study. To many among them idleness is in itself a pleasure, whilst common conversation and amusement occupy a more or less large portion of their 'day. It was not so with Sir George Lewis ; he was always employed, and for the most part with occupation of a severe kind. So earnest was his desire to elucidate to remember, and to record, that from his youth he thought that to be doing nothing amounted to a crime. " Bead," he has often advised me, " when you have plenty of time at command ; write in the shorter spaces when your time is broken up ; this is the way to employ yourself to the best advantage ; you will forget what you read in fragments of time— what you write in them will not be lost." And this was the practice that he followed. He also in hi s younger days provided against the waste of any fragments which circumstances might cause to be lost to him, by either learning by heart or repeating in these intervals, I think that I remember my father telling me that once in Italy, when travelling after dark with George, he repeated to him a great part of the third book of the Aneid ; and I well recollect, when on one occasion I was waiting with him in the ante-room of a physician, he took a Horace or Virgil from his pocket, gave it to me, that I might hear him say a portion of its contents by heart, and he had repeated a large number of lines before he was sum. moned to his interview. With his mind and his memory thus carefully cultivated, his learning soon became varied and extensive.—Lettera of the Right Hon. Sir George Cornewall Lewis. The New York Herald authorised it 3 agent in London to expend no less a sum than £3OO in special correspondence and special ocean telegrams when sending an account of the Ch.ford and Cambridge boat race to America. PRUSSIA AND DENMARK.—The Vienna Reno states that the Danish Envoy at Berlin, M. Quaade, has forwarded to Herr Thile, the Prussian Minister for Foreign Affairs, an explanation respecting the article in the North German Gazette on the Schleswig-Holstein question. Herr Thile replied that the publication. was of little importance. A FRENCH PATRIOT IN TROUDLE.—Thefollowing singular incident took place at the last review in Paris. Just when the Emperor had reached the last rank of the troops, an individual in rags rushed forward in front of the gate, and vociferated loudly in a threatening tone," A. Cayenne ! a Cayenne 1" He was immediately apprehened. and taken to the nearest police office. Before an examina tion his person was searched, and in one of his pockets was found a sum of I,loofr. in a leather purse, an inscrip tion of Rente to. an amount of 30,000 fr., and a knife poniard. On being interrogated, he gave his name as Paul Lezurier, aged 45, living at 26, Rue Rollin, and of no profession. A. perquisition made at his residence led to the discovery of a large store of arms of all sorts, and of a sum of 60,000 fr. in gold. 13eing asked as to his motive for insulting the Emperor, he replied that ht patriotic heart revolted at the acclamations of the multi tude. After these formalities he was sent to the depot of prisoners. THE VOLUNTEERS AND THE SUSSEX FARMERS.-- The agricultural classes will do well now and then to have a look into the Standard, for if they do not find their labour in so doing remunerated by the quality of the intelligence received, they will, at least, perceive who are not their friends. Accord ing to the journal in question, the tenants of a Sussex farm have persisted in demanding £3OO instead of the £l5O offered as compensation for any damage which might be done to their property by he tramp of the volunteers on Easter Monday. The volunteer authorities decline to pay the larger sum, and how these " designers of Monday's mimic battle " intend to circum vent the Sussex farmers, the Standard shall tell in its own words. They have, it says, determined to do without the exacting farm, to defile round, instead of aoros, the sacred territory, and to give up the unguarded spot to the rushing, desultory, unscrupulous multitude,which will pro bably not subscribe £l5O to redeem the mischief it will infallibly create upon that pet bit of land. There will be woe around that helpless homestead when, instead of disciplined ranks, its encircling acres are trodden out of tillage by the formless crowd. Adding the total of damage to the sum tendered, we shall reach about the figure which our Bcetians demanded—£3oo—only, it means that by so much has their over-anxious avarice defrauded itself. Passing over the spirit of malevolence with which this paragraph seems surcharged, any lover of fair play will be at a lo ss t o know upon what commercial biinciple the St an d ar d groun d s it s a tt ac k on a ody of men who have asked what they consider a fair amount of compensation for damage they expect to sustain. And even if their charge has been excessive, surely they have a right to put a price upon that which to them and their families is in existence. Mimic battle may be a great amusement to volunteers, but in their treading over cultivated land the poor farmer has a right to say with the frog in the fable " Ah, but what is fun for you is death to us." Perhaps the Standard in future will have 190 g t 9 gay 440 fiCCCIaI 9L WO . tract" iz iralaud. (From the Wall-street Journal.) FRIDAY EVENING, April 1. Business 'throughout the country continues generally bad, and failures are constant. Among others in this city, the stoppage of A. and J. Salamon, grocers, 56, Front street, is reported, with liabilities amounting to $400,000. Snow and Burgess, heavy petroleum merchants, of this city, are reported to have suspended, with many others in different trades. S. Lewis, of Pittsburgh, a well-known operator in petroleum, is also said to have failed, and a Philadelphia . firm, extensively engaged in the shipping trade, is also announced. Money on call is a trifle stiffer, and loans are generary made at 6 per cent., with a few exceptions at 5 per cent. Discounts are not as easily ob tainable as last week, and although choice acceptances sell readily at 7 per cent., inferior grades with two names pass slowly at 9 per cent., and :Angle names at 7 to 12 per cent. Gold has only varied slightly throughout the whole week, and closes heavily to-day at 111;. Government Bonds are only moderately active, sympa thising with the heaviness in the gold market. Sixes, 1861, registered to Sixes, 1881, coupon , ll3l t 0.1141 Sixes, 1868, coupon . to U.S. 6s. Pa'cific itailroai Five-twenties, 1862, registered to Five-twenties, 1862, coupon Fivo-t wenties, 1864, coupon Five-twenties, 1865, coupon Five-twenties, 1865, coupon, new Five-twenties, 1867, coupon U.S. 5-20 Coupons, 1868 lO9l to 1091 Ten-forties, coupon lO6l to 106 Ten-forties, registered — to Oregon War Loan, Sixes 1881 — to Railroad Stocks are generally heavy, showing an average decline on yesterday's prices of one half per cent. Railroad Gold Bonds are in active demand for the better class, among which we notice the bonds of the Chesapeake and Ohio and the General Railroad of lowa companies. Miscellaneous Stocks have shown little animation, except ing Pacific Mail, which having fallen to 31,was sold largely short at that figure, and suddenly reacted to 38k, closing to-day at 37i. - - Mortgages: - Latest quntations. N. Y. Central 6s, 1883... 91-} Tol. & Wab. Equip 7B N. Y. Central 6s, 1887... 90i Mil. & Pr. du Ch. Ist M — N. Y. Central 6s, It Est.. 88 Gal. & Chic. Eat 100 N. Y. Central Os, Sub'n.. 88 Gal. & Chic. 2d M 94 N. Y. Central 75,.1876...102 Chi. &R. I. Ist M 1001 N. Y. Cen. 7s, con. 76 77. - Chi. R. I. & Pacific 7'5.....93 P - Erie lst Mort, Ex 100 Erie 7s, 2d Mort, 1879 91 Erie 7s, 3d Mort, 1883 87 Erie 7s, 4th Mort, 1880 82 Erie 7s, sth Mort, 1888 821 Long Dock Bonds Buff. N.Y. &E. latal, '77 9O Hud. E. 7s, lst M, '69 — Hud. It. 7s, 3cl M, '75 103 Harlem Ist M, '6B '72 103 Mich. C. Ist M, 69'72 120 Mich. now Ist M 85,'82 — Mich. So., 7 p. c. 2d M 96} N. Ind. Goshen Line '6B 111. Cen. 7 p. c, '7O 110 Alton & T. H. let M 951 Alton &T.H. 2d pfd Alton & T. H. 2d M. Inc BO Han.& St.J.LandWrntsloB Han. & St. J. Con Chi. B. & Q., Ist M 111 Chi. & N. West, S. F 94 Chi. & N. W. Con Cony 9l Chi. & N. W. Int B 91 & N. W. Ist 111 94 Quincy & Tol, Ist M, '75 83 111. & So. lowa Ist M 7O Gt.Wesl. Ist M, 'BB Bl Gt. Western 2d M '93 BO Tol. er Wab. Ist If Ex. 9311 And the following for the laneous stocks : N. Y. Cent. & Hud. Rr 9l Erie Reading Mich. Central llB Cleve. & Tol. S. Fund 100 N. J. Central Ist M 102 N. J. Central 2d M 1021 Pitts. Ft.W., & Ch. Ist M 104 Pitts. Ft. W., & Ch.2d M 97 Pitts. Ft. W., & Ch. 3d M 93 clove. & ruts., 4th M 751 Chic. & Alton ; S. F. Inc 101 Chic. & Alton, S. F. lstM 1021 Mil. & St. Paul Ist M 92 Mil. & St. Paul 2d M 86 Marietta & Cin. ISt M 89 Morris & Essex Ist M 102 Morris & Essex 2d M 95 Joilet & Chic. Ist M Chi. & Gt. East'n N. Y. di N. H. 6s ... 97 Dubuque &S.City,lstM. 98 Peninsula Ist M 90 Illinois Central Cleveland & Pittsbrg. 99 Chi & North-West 72 North-West Preferred 831 Canton 65 Rock Island Cleveland and Toledo Fort Wayne 931 1 The business done in Expri We quote : Adams Ohio & Miss. Ist M 97 Ohio & Miss. Con B5 Tol. P. W. Ist M. E. D B2 Atlantic & G. W. 2d M :43 Del., Lack., & W., 2d M — Lake Shure Bondsloo Cleve, P. St Ash. N. 8... 85 Do. 0.8... Union Pacific Gold 8... Central P.RR. Gold 8... 94 Pacific RR. guar. by Mo. 93 various railroad and miscel- Pacific Mail h7} Atlantic Mail Quicksilver W. U. Telegraph Miraposa - _ __ _ _ Mariposa Preferred lBl Ohio and Mississippi 294 Boston Water Power 174 Cumberland N Y and N Haven 146 M & St. Paul jhi & St. Paul Preferred 74 -ess:stocks was generally dull. 61 to 61i American Merckants' Union 38 to 38 4 Merchants' Union, old Stock ll to 11} United States Wells, Fargo, and Co l9l to 19.1 State Bonds were steady, with light transactions, the quotations being as follows : Tennessee 6s, ex coup.. 581 Do. new bonds 51 Virginia 6s, ex coupons 70 Virginia fis, new bonds 701 Geo - rgia. 6s Georgia 7s, new bonds 93 North Carolina 6s Do. new bonds 22i South Carolina, 65...... 88 S. Carolina, now bonds 824 Do. Aprl and Oct... 824 Missouri 6s Do. H. and St Jo Lis 92 Louisiana new bonds... 72.1 Do. 6s, Levee bonds 76 1 1 Connecticut 6s 100 Rhode Island 6s lOO Alabama 5s 72 Alabama 85............... 961 Illinois Canal bonds 1870 lOO CLVOTATIONS Amer. silver.... 94i- to .95i Mex. dollars-103f „ 104 Eng. silver 475 , 480 Five francs 95 „ 96 Illinois coupon 6s, 1877.100 Do. 1879.100 Illinois-War Loan lOO Ohio G per cent. 1875 102 Do. 1881 102 Do. 1886...103} Michigan 6 p cent. 1873 97 Do. 1878 95 Do. 1883 95 Michigan 7 p cent. 1878 93 Michigan 7 p cent War Loan 100 N.Yk reg'd I ounty loanlo9} N.Yk coup. B'nty loan 1092 N.Yk 7s, Canal In. 1870.105 N.Yk 6s, Canal In. 1873.104 Do. 1874.105 Do. 1875.105 Do. 1877.1.05 Do. 1878.105 N.Yk ss, Canal In. 1874.105 FOR SPECIE. Eng. soya 485 to 487 20 francs 3e3 „ 387 Thalers Messrs. Drexel and Co., the Philade]phia bankers, report as follows on 31st March :—Pennsylvania Railroad Shares, 561 57; Sixes, Ist Mortgage, 98 99; Sixes, 2d Mortgage, 991. STATEMENT OF THE PUBLIC DEBT OF THE UNITED STATES. The following is the recapitulation of the Treasury Statement issued by Secretary Boutwell on the Ist instant, which shows a reduction of $5,7C6,349 during March : DEBT BEARING INTEREST IN COIN. Principal. Interest. Bonds at 5 per Cent. $221,589,300 00 Bonds at 6 per Cent. 1,2386,349,800 00 Total $2,107,942,100 00 843,733,501 95 DEBT BEARING INTEREST IN LAWFUL MONEY. Certificates at 3 per cent. interest Navy Pension Fund, 14,000,000 00 at 3 per cent. 45,565,000 00 $59,565,000 00 $483,159 45 Total Debt on which inte rest has ceased since maturity DEBT BEARING NO INTEREST. Demand and Legal Tender Notes 5336,109,621 00 Fractional currency 39,568,079 61 Certificates of gold deposited 38,848,500 00 $512,908 68 Total 434,526,200 61 Total outstanding $2,605,947,637 25 44,730,273 08 Total Dobt— Princi pal and interest to date, including interest due and unpaid 2,650,677,910 33 AMOUNT IN THE TREASURY. Coin Currency Sinking Fund in U.S coin, interest on bonds,and accrued interest thei eon Other U.S. coin, in terest, bonds pur chased. and acorn- 80,047,642 00 ed interest thereon $75,181,665 86— 218,115,782 59 Debt, less amount in the Treasury 62,432,562,127 74 Debt, less amount inTreasury on Ist ult. 2,438,328,477 17 Decrease of Public Debt during the past month BONDS ISSUED TO PACIFIC RAILROAD COMPANY. Amount outstanding 564,457,320 00 Interest accrued and not yet paid 959,827 80 Interest paid by United States 6,881,664 96 Interest paid by transportation of mails 20,305 71 Balance of interest paid by the United States $4,857,093 92 THE MANHATTAN AND THE OAMARIA.—The ro - lowing letter from the captain of the Manhattan has been published :—" I find on my return from New York that very grave reflections have been made against me, it being alleged that on the 12th March last, and when outward bound, I passed the disabled Cunard steam ship Samaria wibbout offering assistance. The fact of the case is as follows :—About 10 a.m. of the 12th we sighted a Cunard brig-rigged steamer bound east, with all sails set, the wind being light and fair. Neither myself nor officers noticed anything particular about the vessel, the distance being very considerable, and she exhibited no signs that could be understood of a desire to speak us. It has been stated that the Samaria fired guns, but I was on deck during the time she was in sight observing her steadily, but neither heard guns nor saw any indication of her being in distress, or requiring assistance. I am earnestly desirous of an investigation into the charges launched against me at home and abroad, but, in the absence of an individual accuser, I must rest content with the approval of my own employers, Messrs. Guion and Co., and of the Cunard Company, who have investigated the matter, and expressed their entire satis• faction with my conduct. I may say, in conclusion, that I should be very sorry indeed to knowingly iDp,s‘any ves sel in distress.—l am, &c., WM. FoREATIS4,SIIIiter of VIP Miku4Oltut7 l AvetPQ o . 4pril _-: DEFEAT OF THE BILLIARD CHAMPION. [ANOTHER ACCOUNT.] Cook, whO won the billiard - champicinship — but a very short time, ago has already lost it. He defeated Roberts, senior, and has been defeated in turn by Roberts, junior. A match for the champion cup and £2OO in statues was played at St. James's Hall on Thursday night between. Cook and Roberts, junior. It turned out a wretched affair. Cook, to the apparent asto nishment of everybody, lost by 522 to 1,000. The numerous empty seats testified that though the public might be induced on one occasion to pay a sovereign far the pleasure of witnessing a billiard match, the experi• meat could not be repeated with success. Moreover, noisy betting and other signs of the presence of the fra ternity showed that billiards have not escaped the degrad ing influences common to most British sports. The play began at twenty minutes past seven with the usual feints, and the first scoring of any consequence was a couple of breaks of 19 and 30 respectively by Roberts, Cook until then standing at five points. This small num' ber he increased by a break of 35. After a little average play, Cook passed Roberts, and the best addition to W S score was a break of 33. When the game was 25 minutes old, Cook reached his first hundred, with Roberts at 69. Then came some odds and ends from both men as a prelude to Roberts entering upon a break of 3 6 ." which included some remarkably clever " sere* hazards, and the end of which placed balls so that Cook had no alternative but to play into space. BY, means of a short break, Roberts once more obtained the lead. A quarter of an hour was next wasted by dispute as to whether a certain shot of Roberts' had produced a cannon or not. The gentleman who Was acting as referee declared himself unable to decide tho knotty point, and for the time the room was broken up into groups of hot disputants. As the question involvea a strategical position of some importance, there seemed no way out of the excitement but breaking the beat or tossing ; and at length an appeal to " heads and tails ' settled the matter in Cook's favour. He, however, gene" rously refused to avail himself of a very fair chance be fore him, and performed the operation known as " smash ing " the balls. Good humour, asserting itself in a loud cheer from the opposing section, was thus restored. Roberts made a break of 26, and, after a fruitless shot from Cook, another of 30. Both players suffered a for • failures, and then Roberts, during a break of 22, including five spot strokes, passed his 200, while Cook remained at 141, play having lasted a minute or two under the hour. Cook then made a break of 14 ; Roberts followed with one well-earned of 40. An unsuccessful aim at a cannon from Cook allowed an addition of five to R0b..t.,....r0, .44,h made him 100 ahead of the Champion. At five - and - twe nt y minutes to nine the scores were—Roberts, 300 ; Cook, 169. Roberts had been able once or twice to get his balls on a square foot of cloth, and keep them there, while Cook had been doomed as a rule to long out of the way . ranges. Another break of 30 from Roberts brought the betting heavily in Robert's favour. At a quarter to nine the marker announced Roberts 872, Cook was then 200 behind. He got some encouragement immediately after by a beautifully-executed run of 48. At five minutes to nine Roberts was 402 ; Cook 249. Robert s concluded a break of 33 by another double balk, from which it was impossible for the champion to make anything. In the next break Roberts got more than. 200 in advance, the scores being 464 and 250. Roberta was now playing magnificently at every branch of th e game, and at twenty minutes past nine, in the middle of * thirty-one break, the scores were—Roberts 500, Cook 261. The half-way score was the signal for general cheering, and, Roberts, on the strength of it, offered to bet " three fifties' that he would win. He followed this assertion with 14 ',_ break of twenty-six. Cook failed thrice in succession a* moderately easy shots. The first fine shot of the evening was here made by Roberts. At twenty minutes to ten he was 602, while Cook was 282—a position he had achieved by a run of scientific skill such as few present had ever seen. Roberts's best friends declared he had' never played so well before. At this stage of the match the players took a quarter of an hour's rest, leaving the spectators in a state of high betting ferment. A few men congratulated themselves upon having arraoged to win either way ; but the majority seemed to have calculated upon a different result than that which now appeared imminent. Plai was resumed by 'Cook at five minutes past ten, and his ill success was resumed too. Roberts within four minutes had scored a break of 29, and for a time every shot was the object of applause. At twenty minutes past ten Roberts was 701, Cook 299, and the former was knocking the balls about at will, making fives and threes until he had scored another break of 26 and left the balls in abo ut the most unfavourable position possible. Cook here made a pretty break of 22, including two or three of the cleverest shots of the night, and pulled up, as the saying is, towards the close, but at twenty minutes before eleven the score was—Roberts 800, Cook 377. Cook now made a capital break of 43, which was rather ingloriousil terminated by a bad attempt at an easy losing hazard. Roberts followed with one of his lucky breaks, in which there were three fives. At five minutes to eleven came the call, 900 to 462 ; with an unfinished break, which stopped at 33. Cook followed with one a thew, a six—the only one that had been achieved. He scored few breaks between 12 and 20, one of 17 and another break of 29 placed him beyond his 500. Roberts' n e xt xt break was the longest and best of the game, viz., 49. virtually decided the contest, for in the course of one c't two breaks the final call was made—Roberts, 1,000 ; Cooks 522. The game was over at ten minutes past eleven? giving Roberts a majority of 478 over the defeate d Champion. Mr. Ashbury, Commodore of the Royal Harwicil Yacht Club, has offered a cup of the value of seventy -fly° guineas to be contended for by yachts of the Royal Ha. with and Royal Yorkshire Clubs in an ocean ra ce fro!. Harwich to Hull in July. BALLOONING.-Mr. Uoxwell has commenced his aerial voyages somewhat earlier this year than he did last' Last Tuesday he ascended from the Gas-works at fel bey, descending some miles beyond Chelmsford. On the 71 ultimo the aeronaut and his pupils made the first 0 0 1 1 of the season from the neighbourhood of Tottenham, the descent taking place four miles north of Bishops Sto rte ford. The famous Nassau balloon, built by the la t,' Mr. Green, has during the winter undergone a thorour restoration by its present proprietor, Mr. Coxwell, 'Or purchosed it last July. This celebrated baloon was rasa° at a cost of £2,100, being composed of the best Itali an silk. The veteran Green, who died a fortnight ag o, although 85 years of age, had fully determined to accora pany Mr. Coxwell in his first ascent this season ; and he declared that the repairs and additions made by Mr' Coxwell would render the Nassau as good and as safe 0 ,9 ever. ANOTHER PIT ACCIDENT IN SCOTLAND.-- °. l ! Wednesday night, shortly after six p'clock, a fatal P" accident occurred at Faskine, whereby two young lade were almost instantaneously killed. The scene of the accident was number six pit, the property of Messrg• Baird, of Gartsherrie, the work being contracted f° by Messrs. M`Lay, and Love. At the conclusio n of the day's work the workmen were being drawn up the shaft, and on one occasion there were in the cage five persons. When about fourteen fathoms from the bottom a large stone became detached from the side of the shaft, and, falling on the top of the cage, pierced the sheet-iron cover ; and three boys - Moloy, M'Aleany, and Slaven—were thrown from the cage to the bottom of the pit. Moloy was found to have:. been killed on the spot, his head being almost complete!) , , severed from his body. The boy named M'Aleany was eci severely injured that he died when being conveyed home; Slaven was very seriously crushed about the head, WO' was conveyed to Airdrie in a cart. ADVERTISEMENT. Consumption, and all nervolA bilious, stomach, and livsr complaints in every stage are unit aggravated and acc3l3rated by drugs of every description, bu perfe. tly curable by DU BARRY'S health-restoring Revale/I.' Arabic& Food, as proved by thousands of cases which had been considered hopeless; such as indigestion (dyspepsia), couBl.',: asthma, consumption, habitual constipation, diarrhoea, all gas tr- derangements, htemorrhoids, liver complaints, flatulency, o r. vousness, biliousness, fevers, sore throat, diphtheria, cata rrh : , colds, influenza, noises in the head and ears, rheumatism, 8 011 ... 1 impurities, eruptions, hysteria, neuralgia, irritability, sleeple.,sP ness, acidity, palpitation, heartburn, headache, debility, cra,MIC spasms, nausea and sickness even in pregnancy or at sea, tan,". o ing fits, bronchitis, scrofula, tightness of the chest, pains at to pit of the stomach, and between the shoulders, &c. We (11. 10 t e ,„ g ' few: -The Pope's health restored by Du Barry's Food. Cure . 0 68,413 —" Bdame, July 21, 1866. The health of the Holy Father 1..! excellent, especially since, abandoning all other remedies, he 1 19 ,f confined himself entirely to Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica Fo ° l of which he consumes a plateful at every meal. It has produce., a surprisingly beneficial effect on his health, and his Hol ines s cannot praise this excellent food too highly."—From the assetao., du Midi," July 25. Cure No. 46,270.—Mr. James Roberts, ti mber merchant, - of Frimley, Surrey, of thirty years' diseased lung°' spitting of blood, liver derangement, and partial deafness. Cu N 0.1,771. Lord Stuart de Decies, Lord-Lieutenant of Wat erfo t , of many years' dyspepsia.—No. 49,83.2. "Fifty years' indescrlnP. able agony from dyspepsia, nervpusness, asthma, cough, 9° 4 , stipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness, and vomiting.—na' . , Jolly" Important Caution.—Beware of the many un sayo T and more than sloppy imitations to which, without a uthora Baron Liebig's name is most audaciously attached. In tins, at is lid; 1 lb 2s 9d; 2 lb Is 6 d; 51 b lls.; 121 b 22f,„; 24 lbs 4 s.-- also Du BARRY'S REVALENTA A RABIC& CiIOCOLAJ: PoWDER is packed in tin canisters: for 12 cups at 2 s , for 24 cc at 3s 6d, for 48 cups at6s, for 288 cups at 30 s , for 576 cu p s at D__l7, —being about one penny per cup. The 30s and 5 5 s tins or e seuw free of carriage in England on receipt of Post O ffice Order. i BARRY Do BARRY and Co., No. 77, Regent-street, London; au all Grocers and Chemists. BIRTHS. PEASE-. On the 14th inst., at 18 Princes-gardens, So uth , Kensington, the wife of J. W. Poise, Esq., M .P., of daughter. TAGART—On the 14th inst., at Dryden-terrace, Lee, t he wife of T. B. Tagart, Esq., of a son. /1/A PRIAGES. HARRIS --HUNT —On the 14th inst., at Hayes Church, J° l3ll Oberlin Harris, M.A., younger son of W. R. H a rris Es c li of Clewer House, Windsor, to Mary, elder daughteri 0 of Ebenezer Hunt, of Hayes Gate, near Uxbridge. - AVD OUG ALL—CREE —On the 13th inst., at Oakley 1 1 ° tlee ' Hamilton, James T. M'Dougall, Esq., West Ham, L°ll don, to argaret Cree, the only daughter of David CNN Esq. DEATHS. LODGE— On the 9th inst., at 237, Camden-road, Joh n Lodge, EN., aged 59. LYTTELTON - On the 13th inst., at Hagley, Sarah, Dowager Lady Lyttleton, aged 82. London: Printed and Published by WILLIAM ANDREWS,: of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at THE SUN Office, No. 1 14 : Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the Cogaty Middlesex.--Saturday, April 16, 187 V. Pr ~-ad - I