The Sun. — London, England, 1816-08-21 00:00:00

Aliviilitals,but that all is involuntaillyllorrie4 l along in their vortex • Tolerance has its inconvenieneles, bit could the so very complicated circumstances, the capitulation Abet was jest signed, admit of another treatment, another system t Every measure of severity, after the Proclamations of the King that had been pub lished, seemed to give the lie to the word be had givers. One could no longer depend on any thing, if the conVention concluded yesterday was not to 'be v a lid for the following day. At what moment was it More necessary that every one Shotild be convinoed that the word of the King was sacred and irrevocable i The slightest, the most trifling appearance of any vio lation whatever of the obligations entered into, innst wound every feeling; the dreadful suspicion of having been deceived seized again upon all ;minds, and confidence vanished on all sides and for ever. The King could only show generosity and re -gularity.: a single arbitrary sat laid the foundation .of a dangerous opposition. How punish Where - cease t And if there is no limit, lkoW shall con fusion come to repose t . Full and unlimited ent reaty was necessary, precisely because punishmentwes impossible, unless one could again expose Oneself to the4featest difficulties. However, , tremoved train Paris those whose presence there eiottld have been improper ; 'caused passports to be given theM, cud (l confess it) even procured for several the means, of which they were destitute, to retire. Thii measure did not give satisfaction ; solver. could do e s n o t a lways confer judgment ; they (on) could not comprehend that is WasTosiible to reign without a list of proscription ; then; as now, every one desired to see his enemy upon this list. The Ministry left upon it only those names. which it could not remove from it. I beg those who reproach me for having signed the Ortionnance of'24th duly to place themselves in that period. had it been possible for me to strike out of it some of the names that are in cluded in it, by insetting my own in their place, T would not have hesitated Ornament. But let us judge without prejpdice the situation' of things. All minds- were before-band penetrated with the idea that, the Throne had been overturned in consequence of an extensive Conspiracy that a , kreiat number of persons were involved la the plot which had placed Napoleon again upon the throne; that the majority still cherished a Certain, aversion to the Government, the development of which might one day disturb Europe. With all wiy might and in every possible way have combated this unhappy error; it was SO general amid so deeply rooted, that even those were silent who had the most interest to dispel it. Solemn trials have now justified sby words and toy writings. The number of persons devoted to Napoleon were not very considerable. People desired n stew order of things, but thoy feared his despotism: in order to engage the public opinion, he was forced to announce that England and Austria supported him : his prochonatioos tnade people believe that he returned, greater, with the fruits of reflection doting his banishment ; that he was cured of his ambition, Air having experienced, all the Unexpected and dreadful inigfortanes which. chance and the events of war tray bring with them. The French are moved with extraordinary ease, and quickly take confidence; they believed that Napoleon would now begin a new life, at new reign, after haviug diiring a year heard in the of Elba, as in a tomb, all that truth as well as hatred said in Europe of his first reign and his former life. The idea of a conspiracywas spread by those NO° wished for proscriptions. My discharge be fore I had proved the falsehood and wickedness of this would have made victims of thousands, I took the resolution to sign the Ordonnance of the 2 , lth of July, in artier to enchain r eo l etion, mot to lesson the number of those whom it wished to sacrifice. Had I withdrawn, T should have been 'rearoaclied with all the evils which I yreV.ented by remaining at my post. Ins order properly to appreciate my conduct let ft he observed, not that the passions have got the upper hand, but what place those passions assign - sue, what is the first victim that they point out. Let,my reports to the King be read again ; (they' have been mutilated ; I shall give theta genuine and unaltered;) let the causes of the ex cessive hatred of which I am the object be sought in them The nation has understood them. 1 'will go into some details, in order to answer those Who have found that my reports to the King were Slot respectful enough, sold that my Administration Wit: not advantageous to his service. I am less cOneerned at being accused of having said to the King serious and even hard things, than of having given him empty unfounded con solatiou and uncertain hopes. How much are li.i.rittees to be pilled ? Their palaces, resound with every mirth, people say and wish it to every body, only oat to them. As .it was my duty to unveil, without any pallia tion, the intention of the State, it was requisite before all things to draw the King's attention to nearest evils, to the dangers that surrounded Lis power. The thraite was shaken to, its very Jontniation was highly important not to err in respect to the secret and profound reuses which ;'lane lead to such events, and. may still prepare onus if they should be mistaken. therefore explained to his Majesty all the dif fetilties' that stood in the way of the firin este bliiiinteat of - his authority. The greatest interest of every people is that its Government be un changeable, because the bond which unites the 'parts of the social body (the work 'of centuries) hardly can regain its original solidity when a re volutiou had time to -dissolve it, It is also al most without example that a Monarehy,einter rowed in its duration, has heel) able to re-esta blish ; at least it is impossible, after an hi term-1)60o of five-and-twenty years, to built! it on agar's as it was, particularly in a nation whose ideas arc subject to such rapid movements. It 'aide but a small port of the elemeuts of its foruer power; its principles, laws, interests, are no longer the same, they have united with the course of time and the progress of knowledge.. • - Among the obstacles I have distinguishedithose wtrich arose from our present state of war, and those which proceed from oar unha :ppy internal dissensions. The exposition of the first presented the greatest difficulty. I did not fear to lay before the allied Sovereigns useful truths, and to direct their attention to the representation of our mis fortunes. The foreign troops, who inundated France, seemed to give occasion to two opposite remarks ; on the one side they fulfilled our wishes by bringing us peace, and in this point of view they had as many chains to our gratitude as to. our confidence. Oe the other hand , the excesses of some corps brought upon us all the misery which can befit' .on. Thus the return of the King by circum stances' which were quite foreign to it, would have become the most unhappy eta of our history ; and the same throne would as it were have been overthrown with one hand, which had been just raised with the other. Such serious considerations compelled me to re present to the King the consequences so fatal to his consideration with the nation, of this unex pected system of the gradual occupation of our provinces, the consequences of this system where no opposition any longer sheaved and those hostile measures vudentlycontinued in a war at first generously undertaken' for a high object. 'fhe love of a people to their Government always suffers by the misfortunes of the country. Some courage was requisite to make these, trutlis . tknowe ; they 'produced a wholesotne and speedy, improvement, of Our condition. Myer- vicesPoo this head ~ivere not even noticed ; ser vices of this kind were not asked for. Even for the interest of the. Allied Powers it was my'duty to present them the same picture. IVhat the French Character possesses in energy, and particularly in elements for a sudden explosion of its force, is not sufficiently known to them ; and iu this respect they would have had a right to complain of my silence. 1 had to speak to generous minded Sovereigns ; I could venture to make them observe, that iu Our enlightened age victory does not suffice to justify all the abuses of power. By noble and elevated sentiments one does one's-self no injury in the eyes of great Princes ; people have been egregiously mistaken in thinking to deliver me to the. hatred of foreign countries ; say language was judged of according to the duties which were im posed on me. In another report on the siteation of France, in which I considered it in respect of its political disunion, I had to choose between two things that could not possibly be reconciled, either to suppress the truth, or to say it entirely. I did not hesitate; the good of the Prince whom I served was at stake ; I had only to coo3olt my duty. I painted the different parties as they are ; I slimed him their strength, their weakness ; 1 laid open their views, the submis sion that must be expected from them, the con cessions which they. themselves expect. I repre sented the two great factions which disturb Its, and whose cotifiict .would bring the State into the greatest (Lower. If one deceives the Great of the earth in this matitricr, it inass.he coufessed that this manner is new. I have : . not disco4ered° tti the Ring the mimes of the Royalists whci" , diewfared against his antherity, and isegociated with Napo leon.. I wished not to list any veil ; those whose honour been saved, may return to virtue. There were only two means of serving, the sing, the increasing of his physical or his moral power. It physical power is sometimes necessary to suppress disordets, it is not sufficient to establish a durable order of things. We shall see whether I did in this respect all that was in my power. 1 shall, in my Memoir, once snore go. through the remarks which I made on the Army, the National Guard, the Chambers, the Public Opinion, I must confess the Administration, to which I belonged, porokesed judgment, love of what wSis good, great ability in business ; but the new pains of the past - made it forget too much the danger Of the future : several of our acts wanted pre caution; we wanted energy, union against our ops ponents„ and a common idea in our labours. Petiole complained at the littleenergyot the Police, because it was not directed solely against those Whom it was wished to plunge into Mill, Yet every species of evil disposition was held in check ; nuthieg re mained unpunished; the Army was uneasy, -but it obeyed ; we endeavoured to bring all parties to submission, to the sacrifice of their exsggerated ideiss, to order. It was nest enough to moderate the passions in the south of the kingdom; they ought to have been unchained, I repeated to the Magistrates of those pima what the cunSciente, of meek had so often says, that there is only one id vautage from which one never needs to depart, namely, Justice. I told the King that amidst re actions there was no public tranquillity, no Throne no Nation. It the crowd receive the example of violence front those who ought to have givers it the example of moderation, it must be expected tlta►t'it would throve down 411 the harriers between it and crimes. When licence and servitude have alternately inflamed the passioes Of a people, there are but few men who listen to the voice of reason. What ratters those who would willingly let their rage govern in the piece of the laws, that the indeportolence of theircountry is risked, that the throne is shaken ? What matter to them the mouruing of families,. the public execrations, if they can' but satisfy their revenge. It seems that there are days On which the remembrance of the past, the pressure of the present, the hope or fear of the future, produce en the heeds of men all kinds of disorders and nraidnesa. What a scene does Franco offer to the eyes of E'iiape ! When the prisons are full, when they have been eelarginl, will this severity give the authority of the King such thriable silty as it WOlitti have had if France had been IrkM quillized by ideas of security and tnilduess ? What Witt ice done when every ?trills speaks with' the other, which it always , the case after oppression ? If a part of the people teal been misled, will persecu tion and disgrace hinder it trom taking a part in a new rebellion ? All 1111111411 things have their patience •is atmeptible of only a certilill degree of yielding. A people cannot remain quiet when a futurity is constantly held up to it, which either dishonours or threatens if. Even its re pose, could it be maintained, would be only a state of constraint. • 1 was charged 'to waled, for the support of the Throne, and the security of the State. It must not be believed that these duties, after such great changes in our public spirit, in our institutions, and our manners; can be fulfilled by the same means. MI has been changed during the progrets of civilization. It has made a happy progress ; but It led us also into new faults. One finds no longer the same submission ; nothing has any longer the same state. Troubles of a new kind have been produced by the formerly. un known conflict of political opinions; and while the safety. of the State and public tranquillity arc exposed to more dangers the suppression of them has lost in quickness and .even in strength, hy the guarantees granted to the liberty of the indivi dual. One can no longer govern mankind itz the same manner. The means of gaining influence over the people, the greatest result which a Go vernment can attain, have suffered in an equal degree. Religion and ,morality are - but a weak aid to the laws ; public opinion, an entit'ely new :ingredient in the social order, has acquired so much consideration and power, that it has be- come the rival of. the Government. Obedience, .which now has tights, exerts itself to the utmost to defend these rights. One may punish opposition, -but it thews more ability to conquer it. .Power may cause commands to be executed ; but the lan page of violence possesses but small considera tion if it is not supported by persuasion, and founded on reason. In order to be heard by the several parties, it is necessary to go into those passions, to speak to each in its own language.— There is no longer any universal eloquence. Amidst so many difficulties the Police have need of new means and enconragement. Though in ge neral its sphere of action is extended, there were points when we made it unnecessary. Of what use to the Royal Government is that uneasy and petty ransack into domestic relations, inconsiderate ex pressions, and even scandal, Which - .no law can punish In our days, the question is no longer to seek out the dissatisfaction of single individuals, and even bold expressions. There is more toleration in. our manners than formerly. Public liberty has become, as one may say, a T4CW conscience, to which one cannot do violence ; it serves as a bul wark to the freedom of opinions. To he observ ed, however, are durance, intrigue, and partici). elderly strength. Espoinage must not violate the asylum of the citizen ; hut whatever elevation of civil society the plan of a crime may have origi nated, the assistants necessary for its execution will suffice to discover it, and these are not to be Sound at that elevation. People justly complain of the violation of the secrets of private correspondence. 'This measure at police is odious and useless, when known. I have constantly rejected it. It was invented by weak heads, who, were not sensible of the extent of the means which they had at their command. With what remirviie.s . did the Yoli,ee then oc ropy itself ? With seeking after the misdemea nours atyl crimei named in the laWs. What re sult does it honour ? When it accords to the first causes which front day to day increase the pro gress of immorality; if it discovers the most in considerable movements, which threaten public disorder; if it succeeds in getting acquainted with the wants of the people, the object of its uneasi ness, the motives of its fears, the secret coin plaints and discontents, which show that its fide lity is shaken, but particularly those dreadful ex pressions of misery and despair, which, as ter rible in individuals as in the mass of the people, rapidly conduct weak men to eritnes,and corrupted nations to rebellion. go be coniinued,) FRENCH PAPERS, [RECEIVED THIS MORNING.) PAats, Auo. 18.—M. Waters is appointed Pre fect of La Vendk, and M. Pepin of La Creuse. His Majesty, moved by the misfortunes of a part of the Department of the Isere, occasioned by the overflowing of several rivers, has given to the inhabitants 50,000 franks from his p r i v y purse. Tunis appears to the English much more dif ficult to ►lestroy than Algiers. The fortifications of the former city extend a league in circumference. The city lies two leagues off the sea, with which it communicates by means of a lake navigable only for boats. The Goleta is the principle point of dehisce. The opinion of the English is, that if Tunis is -destroyed there will no longer be any shelter fur the Barbary ships. Ana. 17.---The King, informed that M. Mille voye had left a widow and two children destitute, has continued the same pension of 1200 francs to Mad. Millevoyc which he had grunted to her hus b►►nd. Tim Duke of Cambridge is expected at Paris on the 20th of this month. Joseph Nciq, a Scotch Protestant, belonging to the 71st English infantry, has just abjured, and embraced the Catholic religion. COURT OF CASA4TION, The Court gave judgment yesterday upon the appeal of the persons who were declared guilty, by the Court of Assize* at /Curies, of having been concerned in the assassination of the Itoyal Volun teers on the 11th of April. 1815. The eight condemned to death are :--Jeanne Delhi, Jon 11(03pn, hopes Boissun, Wizabetik Castinc, Pierre nativieres, lan lanc M :* tbieu Jurian, and Jacques Reboul. Barry, convicted of an attempt to murder with' out premeditation, was condemned to bard labont for life. VIENNA, Avo.7.—wit is thought that bit Ma— jesty will pay a visit in the beginning of Del week to the King of Prussia, at Carlsbad. Covet, one of the persona implicated in the' affair of Lyons_in January last, has just Wen et' rested, and will undergo his first examination'. We are assured, says the Journal de Frankfoth that M. Cambaceres has obtained letters of natna ralization in the Netherlands, and that WO, bought a house in Amsterdam. The two battalions which are organizing itt tbi Island of Rhe, for the Colonies of Gnadaloupe an 4 Martinique, will be raised to 2036 men, hl B4 order of the Minister of War. They wale from Carnbray, Aug. 14. " - T b Duke of Wellington is expected here this eveniot After remaining here a few days be will Ir. t ‘' Paris. It is said, that in six weeks or twos he will return to the Netherlands, where differ ent affairs relative to his conintand_iii.c hief of OW Army of Occupation demand his presence." FRENCH FUND:►. 5 per Cents. ''' ••• " • 57 f. sc. Bank Actions. . MAILS- .40141 AMVED—.I Lisbon, G ne rusey and Jersey, 2 —WI, Dcg—i Holland, 1 Gottenburgh, I Hatuburgb. TIUS bf B 3i su p e c S t t . t e . k it , ti R i i I IY I 7 CAE 6 CT I I i O : F r i lie 146 :1 1 1 1 ; 1:1‘ 1): L s L I :I C A S A W ": C . IN . ” . " ** .... b-t6t 181 3 per Cent. Cong. nl/11/ India i1und5,......•••• o" ro 4 per Cent 6. 7B/ 78 Eicti. Llills , ........ S per Cent. N. Ann 92e / Cunt. fur Accuunit,.• Ay"' - - T-- COURSE OF EXCHANGE, TUESDAY, AUGUST 40* Da' Amsterdam Ditto, at Sight . Amitredam Ditto', at Sigh ... Sight . _.. 1• ... . ... 4 8 0 : i t o i ' Q. . I T . ....... 1 9 3 iii, Rotterdam 0 7 g Pe/ . Antwerp.... ... . i2 7 Sg•S i l`‘ li . ~. Ha inburgh 3B 1 14 u l . . .. .„. vita is s6 5 ei VIA Paris, 3 Day's sight • , ••• • • - iS 70 It ~ .• Ditto nourdeaux, ditto ...... . cv Frankfort on the Main Madrid • .. ... , ....... 1 55 8 3 444 1 " , siirtTgliivog, Cadiz Seville Bilboa Gibraltar Leghorn Genoa... 434 ---Vc nit; . ''''''''''''' .... 5 243;46631 ; 9* Malta. 47 --Naples. ...... •.• • 3 00 14 Per - Palermo .6bis Oporto . • ...... 6:1 Rio Aveiro .. .. • ..... 50 Dublin .. .... 15 —Curk;.... 15 per Cent. Agio of the Bank on Holland.... 2 0 le all Portugal Gold, in Coin . • L.a I* - 3 19 ,t r ) Foreign Gold, iu Bars . $ 14 v New Doubloons , .•• 0 4 j oi New Dollar* ...... V 4 6 Silver, in Bars, Standard —. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGF ( iro•stoirtri. Alurning, 46 minutep after I, I Evening, 01111"1" THE SUN. SOLKM (41118 DICLI.I; VA4BIIIOI AUDEATI LONDON, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 0, ISM Our Readers would without an invitatiott fray t of us turn their attention to the Comm encemen M. FOUCHE'S Letter, inserted in Tin Sus of 144 date. Any view of recent political transaction" coming from the pen of One so intima tel y connect' ed with the innermost movements of the Wellin g/ the outward motions of - which so agitated l b° world, must possess great claim to considers il°lll M. FOUCtill could tell us mach, but we ( Pl ea t ° , that he will. The object of this e pistle, if may judge from its first part, is not to i n fortn" mankind, but to justify the Writer. Until tee,s e3s the whole, we cannot pronounce u pon the Calle; bet-from what we have seen and do know , it (11) .. e5, appear to us, that M. FO4OCHE must be held t ° one of those tritnnting Politicians, by th e i tt circulation of Revolutions rendered se eunl in ' — in France, who were true to no Party nth°, t the service of BUONAPASTIC, were providing} v ha t good offices to, and, good intelligence Royalists, for the contingent restor atioA n u t King ; and in the eerv i c e, by favnullni" the escape or impunity of Rebels, were laYi li g for a store of favour, should it ever happen °II the Chief of these Rebels re-ascended the thione who endeavoured to be all things to all me n : o l loyal subject with the Bourbonitas, a dev°4 " slave with the Imperialists, a hot republican "10. the revolutionists, an Orleanite with ttin . II faction of Orleans, a political nurse to the r uP . pet King of Rome, with the adherents of O ft : small Master and in short that, like the I'6ln:l* who aimed at pleasing. every body, M. has succeeded in pleasing nobody , end i s w , jacted by all the parties which he has in turn talc' snot and betrayed, flattered and deceive d, adopted o. abandoned, not as principle, or painin tisma is humanity dittaied, hoc simply and singly el' t! interests of Citizen . Foucue of Nantes, the 0 00 ' I Minister lutPartean LO U - TLIANTeI and th e Rays, ••.-