The Sun. — London, England, 1870-11-05 00:00:00

LAW AND POLICE, A HAY-DEALER AND HIS CARMAN CHARGED WITH CRUELTY.—WiiIiam Dale, a lad in the employ of Mr. Joseph Burt, hay-dealer, of Barnet, was charged before Mr. Knox, at the Marlborough -street Police-court, with working a horse in an uufit state ; and Mr. Burt (who accepted service of a summons) was summoned for sending out the horse. George Young, officer of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, said that yesterday afternoon he *saw Dale in Wells street, Oxford-street, with a horse which was in a miser able condition, attached to a hay cart. On examining the horse he found it to have several wounds about it. He asked Dale where he had brought the horse from, and he said from Barnet with a load lof hay, and that he was going to take it back again, and that his master was in the stable when he left. The horse was in such a condition that it was scarcely able to get to the Green-yard. Mr. Arthur Cherry, the veterinary surgeon, said the horse had several sores about it, it was old and worn'out, and it was quite unfit to draw a load of hay. Mr. Knox asked whether the horse in such a condition staggered from Barnet. Mr. Cherry, said it did, and staggered to the Green-yard. The defendant Burt said he could prove the horse was 'not eight years old. He had been ill for some time, and Dale knew it, and that he was not in the stable when the horse was taken out. Mr. Knox asked Burt whether he was willing to have the wretched horse destroyed. Burt said the horse cost £l5, but the magis trate could do what he liked with it. He would have it destroyed. Mr. Knox said on the condition that the horse was destroyed, and all the expenses paid, there would be an end of the matter, and this was carried out. ROBBING A GENTLEMAN. William Ashmead was charged, at the Westminster Police-court, with stealing a£s note and three sovereigns. Mr. Kisdam, a medical student, said he lodged in the house of prisoner's parents, Cambridge-street, Pimlico. On the 13th of October he put the money in a drawer in his bed-room, and missed it two days afterwards. Having stopped the note he sub sequently went to the Bank of England, and look ing at his note, which bad been paid in, found ' au endorsement on it resembling the handwriting in his weekly account book, which was kept by the land lady's sons, prisoner and his brother. A barmaid at the Commercial Tavern, King's-road, Chelsea, said the note was changed there, but she could not say by whom. Detective Taylor, of the B division, proved appre hending the prisoner. Mr. Arnold wanted to know upon what grounds the prisoner was brought before him. There was no evidence against him. Something had been said about handwriting in a book and handwriting on the note, but there had been no proof. Taylor : His mother is in court. The mother stepped forward, and said that the prisoner had bad no opportunity of taking the money. Mr. Arnold thought this was anything but evidence for the prosecution. Adverting to a case brought before him a few days ago, which was unsustained, he said that if the practice was continued by the police, he would not entertain charges unless a warrant was applied for. Prisoner was discharged. IMPUDENT ROBBERY OF SUGAR BY A BOY.--William Wood, a boy, aged twelve years, was brought before Mr. Paget, at the Thames Police-court, charged with cutting open two bags of sugar, and stealing sugar there from. John Henry Schoem, a German shoemaker, said that last night he saw the prisoner in front of the pro mises of Wainwright and Gadsden, sugar refiners, draw ing sugar out of a bag in a sugar waggon, and putting it Into his cap. He seized prisoner and held him until assistance arrived. Other evidence was given, from which it appeared that two of the bags of sugar in the waggon had been cut open and sugar taken out. There was a pound and a half of sugar in the prisoner's cap worth kid. The prisoner said he did not cut the bags, and the sugar and cap were not his. Mr. Paget remanded the prisoner for a week. ROBBERY BY A FOREMAN IN THE DOCK.—Wm. Overton, a foreman on the cigar floor of the St. Katherine Dock, was charged, at the above Court, with the unlawful possession of 16 . cigars. He was stopped by a constable named Whitehead as he was leaving the Dock yesterday afternoon, at 5 o'clock. He said that he picked them off a case. Mr. Paget sentenced him to two months' fin 'prisonment, with hard labour. LIABILITY OF A CORPORATION. —ln the Court of Queen's Bench a motion was made by Mr. Denman, Q.C., in " Forman and Wife v. the Corporation of Can terbury," involving a nice point of liability, under the fol lowing circumstances. The action was brought at Maid stone against the Corporation as the local board of Can terbury, The surveyor of the highways had placed on the side of one of the roads leading out of the city, a heap of stones. As the plaintiffs were driving a cart on a very dark night, the cart ran up against it, and was upset. They were thrown out and the wife was very severely and permanently injured. Her collar-bone was fractured, and her shoulder-bone put out. The jury gave a verdict for £l,lOO. It was now argued that the plain tiffs had been guilty of contributory negligence in not car rying lighti ; that"the Corporation could not be personally liable in law for the damage ; and that the damages were excessive. On all or any of these grounds, a new trial, or a non-suit was asked for. The Court refused the applica tion, on the ground of contributory negligence, but gave a rule for the question of liability of a Corporation. THE RECTOR OF LIVERPOOL AND THE CORPORATION.— In the Court of Vice-Chancellor Malins a petition in volving an important principle of law was investigated. In the year 1866 the Corporation of Liverpool, exercising compulsory powers vested in them by an Act of Parlia ment, purchased the burial-ground attached to St. Peter's Church in the town for a sum of Vi,600, to facilitate street improvements. Prior to that period the ground, having been closed by an order in Council, was unpro ductive, but the rector had formerly received all the rents and profits. The court had decided the liability of the corporation to pay the purchase money, and the question now raised by the petition was to whom, if the fund were invested, the dividend was to be paid, the new Burial Board and the select vestry of the borough clajpaing an interest in it as well as the present rector. THE Vice-Chancellor held that neither the Burial Board nor the vestry could have any interest in the purchase, Inasmuch as they had not previously derived benefit from the property. The rector for the time being was the actual freeholder, and as such, notwithstanding that the purchase by the corporation was an unexpected windfall, he was solely entitled to .the dividend arising from the fund. THE MONT CENIS RAILWAY.—A petition for winding up the company owning this undertaking was heard by Vice-Chancellor Malins, it being presented by Mrs. Bacon, a small debenture holder. Mr. Cotton, Q. C. , explained that the concession granted by the French and Italian Governments would have effect only until the completion of the tunnel through the Alps. If the creditors interfered before that time, those Governments were in a position to put an end to the con cession. The company, as an equivalent for the concession, were now bound to run certain trains ; but if the creditors would forbear fora couple of years the tunnel would be executed, and meanwhile efforts would be made to induce the Governments to assent to the running of a smaller number of trains, and the substitution to some extent of sledges, so as to diminish the expenditure, and conse quently the losses of the creditors. The Vice-Chancellor adjourned the petition for a fortnight to enable the com- Gany to open negotiations with the French and Itali an overnments. THE PEMBROKE ELECTION PETITION.—The Court of Common Pleas has granted a rule; to review the second taxation of costs in this case, the Master having allowed a lump sum for preliminary expenses, instead of giving judgment on the various items. The charges have been enormously cut down, and Mr. Meyrick, the sitting mem ber, complains that the costs allowed are insufficient for the work performed. The court refused to interfere with the taxation of counsels' fees. THE BABY FARMING DISCLOSURES.--Under the direc tion of Superintendent Gernon, of the P Division, Ser geant Relf and Constable Tyers, who carried out the de tails in reference to the case of the baby farmers Waters and Ellis, have since the last remand of the woman Hall., charged with attempting to foist another person's child upon a Mr. Lee as his own, been actively engaged prosecuting inquiries. These inquiries have resulted in most startling disclosures, but at present details cannot be made public. In the house of the woman Hall, amongst other articles, were discovered over 200 diapers, over 100 marked with her name. Upon several others were the following marks : " 5.5.," " Emma Garrod," " Foster," "F. 8.," "F. M.," "G-. R. L.," " F.," "S. D. L.," M. D. H.," " H. 5.," " M. H.," "J. G.," " M. A. 5.," J. D. L.," "Emily Cope," &c. In regard to the case of Mrs. Waters, who a short time back was executed at Horsemonger-lane Gaol, it may be stated that one of the infants no doubt farmed by her is still in want of an owner. On the 28th September, 1868, a female infant, about a week old, was placed out by Mrs. Waters with a Mrs. Pronger, of 13, Detinett's-road, Peckh am . W aters stated she had received it that night from a l a d y . It was then dressed in a brown linsey pelisse trimmed with braid, a merino hat and feather, white frock with blue bows, and around its neck a pocket handkerchief marked "R. M. Newal, 36, 1864," in ink, and a mark in red cotton over that. The child is said to be a handsome and fine one. Barometrical presstire has risen in Norway and the north of the British isles, and fallen slightly in the south of England and in France. Readings are now very high and uniform. Temperature has fallen a little in the north, bukrisen in the south of these islands. Winds continue verY light over Great Britain, chiefly from the northward. Weather is overcast in the south, cloudy generally, with much fog and - mist in the south, especially in London. The sea is mho. BREAKFAST. —EPPS'S COCOA.- -GRATEFUL AND COM. FonTilio.—The 'very agreeable character of this preparation has rendered It agencral favourite. The Civil 'iery ic.f Gazette re :--" By a thorough knowledge of the natural laws winch govern the operations of digestion and nutrition, and by a - careful application of the fin° properties of we ll- selected cocsm, Air. Epps has provided our breakfast t a bl es with a. delicatelyflavoured beverage winch may save 119 many heavy doctors' bills." Made' siiiipt l y with hater err milk.. :sold only in 13[1;3 1101 1) , ROIIth: c Chemists, Lvu-.1,,n, THE WAR. THE CAPITULATION OF METZ, THE TROOPS AND THEIR COLOURS. The special correspondent of the Independance Beige at Metz says that it was a distressing sight to see the sol diers at the time of the surrender declaring that they had been betrayed, and weeping at the prospect before them. The Zouaves were particularly indignant. They had on the previous evening divided their flag between them. Four of the youngest officers had presented themselves to the Colonel, and told him they wished to save the flag. He remonstrated, and said that the Marshal had given orders that it should be taken to the arsenal. " No," said they, " let us tear it up, and each keep a piece." In all the regiments the same devotion to the flag was displayed. The Colonel of the 84th went to Bazaine and expressed his determination not to deliver up his flag. "It is important though," said Bazaine, "that it should be relinquished." " Never ; I and my standard-bearer will rather die under its folds." The artillery of the Guard took theirs to the arsenal and asked them to burn it at once. Presently, was replied, to which they returned for answer that they would take it away again, which they did, tore it up, broke the staff, tore the eagle, and threw them all into the Moselle. Among the officers recriminations were numerous, and old General Viola loudly reproached Lebceuf for having prepared all these disasters for them. "It is you who have brought us here." " But," said the Marshal, "the forts were not armed." " Well, who ought to have seen to them ? You have lost us and humiliated us." Thus speaking the old General turned his back on the Marshal. The next day Lebceuf went to shake hands with the General, and the latter remarked, " What can be done, nothing makes an impression on him ?" A DISTURBANCE IN THE CITY. The last day on which Metz "enjoyed its proper exitence," was spent in indignant grief at the approach of the foreigner. It appeared as if the citizens would have thrown the paving -stones in the face of the enemy. At three o'clock the great bell of Metz sounded with great force. The National Guards ran to the Hotel de Vile, and met the soldiers hurrying to the arsenal to deliver up their arms. A captain of Carabineers of the Guard harrangued them from his horse. In another group an editor of a local journal sung the " Marseillaise," and at the end of each verse fired a revolver. They ran to the arsenal and brought out some of the arms, and waving a flag declared the Republic to be established. The crowd moved on in a precipitate manner and above all was heard the alarming sound of the bell which geuerally speaking summoned the firemen to ex inguish the fires. General Coffinieres had foreseen all and when the people approached the Rue de la Princerie he was surrounded by officers and armed protectors. Delegates were received by him and one of them a former hussar, spoke to him with great indignation, •` There are two of you who have betrayed Metz, but you will not escape you are held by some one who will not let go of you. posterity will judge you." The citizens of Metz showed the feelings which animated them by placing fifty men at the gates of the general's house in order that he should not escape from them. At six o'clock a battalion of the Guard took possession of the street, amid some execrations from the crowd. at last some one exclaimed that the street where they kept guard over a man who had sold the people to the enemy, should henceforth be named " Rue de la Prus serie." The disturbance lasted till eleven in the evening. On the next day the statue of Marshal Fabert, on the Place d'Armes, was covered with a large black veil, and it was thus that it met the gaze of the Prussians at mid day. A regiment of Prussian infantry occupied the interior of the Porte lilaselle. It is said that a French colonel killed himself at the house of a Fleurist rather than resign himself to the idea of a surrender. GENERAL BOYER'S MISSION. All the intrigues which preceded the disastrous day f were at least partially made known to the officers by the generals of brigade, who had the painful task of preparing the army for the news. One day a meeting of officers was held in each brigade, when the generals informed them of the opening of negotiations and the embassy of General Boyer to Versailles. The enemy shewed great empresse meat respecting this journey, and it was easy to make this appear to the advantage of the French, as it evidenced the need of the Prussians to bring the hostilities to an end. For instance, to facilitate the gene ral's progress, the Prussian Government, which now rules in France, went so far as to suspend the regular service of trains. Along the road from Chateau Thierry they had, it is true, exhibited the Prussian forces to the best possible advantage, something after the fashion in which card villages and pasteboard men represented to the Empress Catherine the population of the Russian steppes. On leaving Chateau Thierry a carriage belong ing to the King, with armorial bearings, which awaited the important bearer of peace or war, carried General' Boyer to Versailles with a speed which indicated an anxiety ,for pacification. At Versailles General Boyer was received by Bismarck, who gave the envoy a terrible picture of the situation. Paris, he said, is abandoned to anarchy, and makes an armed resist ance to a power which Rochefort tries to usurp, and which Trochu can ill defend. France at large is no better off ; several towns, overwhelmed by Socialist disorders, have begged for Prussian garrisons. The elections have not been possible. as the local authorities have reported that the people are far from supporting the changes, and their votes, if they gave them, would be against the Republic. Never was a more dismal panorama unrolled. General Boyer heard all this attentively, and, having been thus prepared by the Minister, he was ushered into the presence of the King. But his Majesty was not alone, the room was full. There was a grand council of war, at which the King presided, having the Crown Prince on his right, while round the table were the celebrities of the German Empire—General von Moltke at their head, General Boyer, called upon to speak, began timidly to explain that the army was suffering from illness, when General von Moltke cut short the discussion, and with the clearness and coldness of Prussian steel, decided that the affair was a military one, and could not be trifled with. The army of Metz would supply Prussia with a second edition of Sedan, and must surrender purely and simply as prisoners of war. Bismarck saw at once that Boyer did not take kindly to the capitulation, and that Moltke's intervention was not one of those sweets which catch flies. He .interposed, and said that for his part he considered the affair a political one. He would be disposed to accept a convention which would permit the army of Metz to retire where it choose, but in Hance, on condition of its protecting the independence and the tran quillity of the votes and the deliberations of universal suffrage. Upon this, the state of France paralysed, of Paris, which could not hear from famine, of the National Defence taking flight in balloons, of the Red Flag, of the necessity of saving public order, were discussed. As no Government could be better qualified to calm this anarchy than the Government which excited it, it was proposed to have recourse to the Imperial Government, represented by the Empress, under the protection of a Marshal, whose name may be easily guessed. If—which seemed impossible, as a Bonaparte must think more of the throne than of honour—the Empress should refuse to treat, recourse would be had to universal suffrage, and how could universal suffrage act unless in the midst of bayonets ? This would be the office of the army of the Rhine. The matter would be gradually explained to the soldiers, who would be shewn that their greatest glory would lie in keeping their fellow citizens in order. It was by sending Bazaine to sleep after this fashion that the Prussians contrived to make us eat our last horse. h SUN, LONDON, SATURDA Y,, NOVEMBER 5, 1 S7O. ANOTHER OFFICER'S STORY. Among those who succeeded in escaping from Bazaine's army at the time of the capitulation was an officer of superior rank, who has given a summary of his own ob servations to the IneMpendance Beige. The account already given by an escaped officer is, he says, perfectly true, but ho has not told all, and it is necessary the truth should be known. He proceeds to. discuss the terms of the pro tocol of the Convention of Frescaty, a new name in military phraeology. The first article is concise—the army are prisoners. The second is scarcely leis so— the place and the material are surrendered to the enemy. It seems that the Gate Serpenoise was to be given up the first,.but a collision was feared in this part, which is the most frequented in the town. As only one gate was men tioned in the protocol, many persons hoped that the town of Metz would not be occupied by the Prussians, and would be simply used as a depot until the conclusion of of peace. The last paragraph in this article, respecting the powder magazines and the galleries of the mines, proves that some act of desperation was feared like that of the Citadel of Laon. The army in fact demanded to ; fight, and up to the last moment officers and soldiers Here discussing whether they could not cut through the lines and save the honour of the array. Generals Deligny and Clinchant declared that if they could muster from 15,000 to 20,000 men who could march, they would put them selvos at their head. This was abandoned for two reasons —the dispersion of the camps and the brevity of the in terval in which the plan could be arranged. Besides, there wore not enough in each corps amongthese famished men who were strong enough-to carry their arms and rush at the enemy. The third article of the Protocol is imply odious. The banners, those symbols of military honour, are put on a level with the material of the army. Was it not easy enough to destroy them ? But the Prussians wanted them as trophies ; and, besides the Whole French army they require the hundred flags at Meti to adorn their triumph. The surrender of the flags is a stain upon military honour. That of the arms and munitions is an absolute forfeiture. There were 600 cannons on the ramparts, and as many more with the army. In the arsenals there were guns, sabres, muskets in numberless quantities, mountains of projectiles, cartridges by the million, and the maga zines were full of powder. All this, with the carriages, harness, &c., was worth at least sixty millions, perhaps a hundred. But the money is nothing. All these arms, collected with great exertion for the defence of the country, superior to those possessed by Prussia, will be employed against those Fitnchmen who still resist. This surrender was a crime. If the failure of provisions compelled the capitulation„, why not destroy or burn everything ? Why not blow up the forts and present ours€lves to the enemy unarmed and resigned, like the garrison of Puebla ? Should we have been massacred in cold blood, or reduced to slavery? Certainly not. We had nothing to fear worse than we have already suf fered. The author of this account recommended this destruction of arms and forts to a general whose position entitled him to make himself heard in the council of war. The answer was " What would you have? I can do nothing. The Prussians stipulate that they shall have the place and the material in good order, it is on that condition that they will spare the town and the luggage of the officers." The Prusssians ! always the Prussians ! never the French. But the officers did not wish that they should be re proached with having thought more of some ' hardships than of the country's interest, and a hastily-prepared pro test received sixty signatures before the capitulation was known. The original, which is in safe hands, will be transmitted to the French Government. A certified copy was given on October 28th to General Coffinieres. The peasantry would not believe that Metz and the army were surrendered, and came from great distances to learn the truth. Many of them brought bread, which was well since the Prussians could not give them full rations. The convention was cleverly designed to divide the army and make private interest supersede the sense of duty. The 4th article offers a special Aatidaction to the head of the Freuch army from Prince Charles. It authorises the officers to return home after signing a promise not to fight against Germany or in any way injure its interests. This is what Marshal Bazaine calls an honourable convention I Honourable, when it yields a whole army prisoner, and surrenders to the enemy a place of the first order, supplied with immense quantities of material, and intact, with hundreds of cannon, of which numbers had never been used. The Marshal recommends the army to abstain from acts of indiscipline. From his point of view, discipline seems to consist in yielding one self with docility into the enemy's hands, presonting him with one's arms in good condition: What did the Mar shal want? What has he been doing during these two months. The soldiers and inhabitants of Metz say he has sold them. For my part, Ido not think so ; but his con duct is not the less culpable, and demands investigation. PRINCE FREDERICK CHARLES. The army is highly gratified by the fact that the King has raised Prince Frederick Carl to the rank of a Field Marshal. He comes into the town this afternoon, enter ing quietly through the Porte Sarpenoise, and then going first to visit the fortifications of the Porte Chambrixe and the Polygon, and then riding out to Fort St. Julien. A goodly proportion of his staff have already come clattering into the Hotel de l'Enrope, princes, counts, and " vons "in all the varieties of swell cavalry uniform. The Prince goes to-day or to-morrow for a few days' change, his health being far from restored after his attack of dysentery. Some of his staff go with him, bat the ad ministration of the Second Army remains at Corny. Tho Seventh Army Corps remains in the meantime in the vicinity of Metz, as well as Kummer's division inside. General Manteuffel yesterday quitted St. Barbe for Jouy, and assumed the command of the First Army, commanded in the early part of the war by that excellent officer General Steinmetz, who has been much maligned. This First Army, under his command, marches in a few days a in the direction of Lille ; the Second Army, remaining under Prince Frederick Charles, will proceed later toward Besancon—that is, if thq news from Berlin and Paris should not bring the arrestment of opera tions. The prisoners from the western side of the Moselle are being drafted across the river daily into the camps on this side nearest to Courcelles, so that the latter, although being depleted daily, will be kept at their present strength till all have been brought across. THE ALLEGED E 3 LAUGHTER OP NON-COMBATANTS. Accounts of an affair which took place in the neigh bourhood of Mercy le Haut' on Monday last have, it is understood, been transmitted to England of a tenor calculated to give an erroneous idea of what really occurred. Under a / flag of truce a column of peasants came out from the vicinity of Metz, and it is understood representations have been made that the women and children were deliberately fired upon by the soldiers of a regiment of the Seventh Army Corps, under orders from a superior officer. I have been officially requested to explain the facts of the case, and I give them as officially communicated to me. The column of peasants did make its appearance under a flag of truce and in great strength. As starvation w as the weapon on which the Prussians were relying, it would have been in the teeth of their policy to allow of this exodus, which would pro tanto weaken this weapon. The poor people, therefore, were ordered to fall back and return. They disobeyed the orders, and continued to ad vance. The troops fell back before them in utter bewilderment as to the means of stopping them, while a message was sent for instrtictions. These were to the effect that shots should be fired to intimidate the people, care being taken to aim wide. Even this had no effect. A male peasant was in the front with a flag of truce in his hand, and waving on his convoy. He was repeatedly warned of the risk he ran, but the man appeared to be drunk, and refused to relinquish his purpose. Hard on his heels followed a woman maddened with drink, who also brandished a white flag, and yelled to those behind her to come on. When all other efforts had failed, a shot was fired at the leader, who fell wounded, and his following then turned about and made their return towards Metz unmolested. This lam told is the unvarnished tale. A CAUTION TO THE PEOPLE. His Excellency von Kummer has had to give the Metz people a caution in his own grim way. When the first of the Prussian troops came in on the 28th, some of the hotter-blooded civilians fell upon them with knives, and wounded one or two, who were brought down to one of the ambulances, where I saw their wounds dressed. General Kummer has posted a proclamation in forming the inhabitants that death will inevitably be the portion of any one who lifts his hand against a Prussian soldier, or who steals anything from him, harbours a spy, or, does anything con trary to the interests of the Prussian army. At the same time, he announces that scrupulous re gard will be paid to private property in the town and vicinity, and to enforce orders patrols of gendarmes are pacing the streets. The correspondent adds :—I may give you the exact official number of efficients in the besieging army-168,000. The prisoners, as I have already stated, number 173,000. I saw a goose bought this morning for four francs. This is a rapid tumble from three days ago. THE FORTIFICATIONS. Writing on the evening of the 31st October, the corre spondent of the Daily News says :--I have spent this afternoon in inspecting, so far as is in my power, the for tifications of the town of Metz, and those constituting its exterior defences. What I "have already written in the columns of the Daily News concerning the natu ral and artificial strength of the forts of St. Quentin, St. Julien, Plappeville, St. Eloy, and Queleu has been more than borne out by personal investigation. Whoever holds Metz holds an impregnable fortress. Nothing can so much as get at the fortress of Metz proper while the outworks hold out, and there is no reason that, properly garrisoned and provisioned, they should not hold out for ever. It might be possible to batter down St. Eloy or Qneleu, the others cannot be got at advantageously in any way on account of the ,strength of their natural position. The weak point of the fortress is towards the east, between Queleu and St. Julien ; but the comple ment of the defence on that side is made up by the " pro visional" earthwork of Les Bottes. From what I hear I think it probable that the day after the 14th of August, the Prussians, if they had made a dash, and had been prepared for severe losses, might have effected a lodgment in front of Fort Belle Croix in this direction, and, indeed, if all tales are true, might have pushed their way into the town itself. We all know how easy it is to be wise after the event. The English ' army in the Crimea was abused for not going straight into Sebastopol two days after the Alma, instead of sitting down on that bleak plateau over against the fortress. Had its leaders _known the state of the fortifications, no doubt that weary winter and those heaps of dead might have been spared to Britain. So with the Prussians here. I am assured that so confi dent were the French of Success—so ridiculous' did they think the idea that it was possible to invest Metz—that it was not till after the battle of Forbach that serious efforts were made to place the fortress in an efficient state of defence. The guns were not mounted till then behind the embrasures. Les Bottes was unfinished a mere heap of shapeless earth. Even now it is not properly finished, andis as slovenly a piece of fortification work as I ever saw put out of hand by troops which assert they have engineers in their ranks. Nevertheless, it has a front, and guns mounted on that front. The Prussians ever masterful and prompt, will not delay long to alter Les Bottes from a " provisional" into a perma nent fort; and, with their efficient and thorough system of administration, Metz, if impregnable hitherto, will be henceforth, if such a thing can be, doubly impreg nable. THE SIEGE OF PARIS. THE PREPARATIONS FOR DEFENCE. Drill of the Moblots and National Guards, says a letter from Versailles, dated October 29, goes on all over the city and suburbs at every hour of the day ; and the irre gular forces at Trochu's command are fast getting used to habits of discipline. Crime of all sorts is much less frequent than it was three weeks ago— demonstrations, strenuously discouraged by the people as well as the authorities, are rare and insignificant. Trochu and the members of his military council keep their projects to themselves, and public confidence in them is rather heightened than diminished by that fact. Earth has been strewn about, fully a foot deep, in the "places " and open spaces— not being thoroughfares of importance—that abound in the city. A system of inner defence, in which barricades, trenches, and abattis play a considerable part, has been put into execution. The manufacture of arms and ammunition is carried on with unre mitting activity ; and most of the brigade com mands have been given to engineer officers. The cession of Alsace is no longer spoken of as an impossibility, but Lorraine is considered to be out of the question. The only manifestation of futility still ob taining to any great extent is the chronic idol-worship paid to the civic statue of Strasbur4. In other respects the Parisians appear to have put away foolish things, and entered upon a solid course of common sense.—Tele graph. EXPECTED ATTACK. The special correspondent of the Telegraph, , writing from the Head-quarters of the Prussians, at Versailles, on the 29th ult., says :—Here in Versailles, and along the whole southern, south-eastern, and eastern line of the German attack, we have been on the qui vive for the last eight-and-forty hours. A presentiment of evil—a foreshadowing of some great and terrible struggle—has been and still is upon us. There is, in fact, good reason to believe that an attack against lur positions, upon a scale hitherto un attempted by the garrison of Prris, is contemplated by General Trochu; and I cannot better describe the state of feeling prevalent among all classes, from the King's immediate surrounding down to the humblest bourgeois of this town, than by simply saying that we expect it every hour. Last night so strong was the anticipation among the higher authorities of the immediate approach of a conflict, that all the field batteries were kept horsed and ready throughout the whole night. The civil officers attached to head-quarters were warned to be in readiness for immediate departure, and to assemble with their carriages or horses in the Place d'Armes—before the Chateau—on the alarm being sounded. The outposts were strengthened, and supports drawn in; the rein forcements on their way from Alsace and Metz were hurried onwards by telegraphic order; and so rapid, in consequence, has been their advance, that some 12,090 men are expected to arrive to-morrow morning early— among them, three battalions of the 2nd Guard Land wehr (Berlin, Magdeburg, Kottbus); three battalions, Ist Grenadier Guard Landwehr (Breslau, Gorlitz, and Polish Silesia), and three battalions 2nd Grenadier Guard Landwehr; besides part of the Second Army Corps (4th Division, Pomeranians), which distinguished itself splendidly at Gravelotte. The fact of the King's head-quarters being so perilously near to what is certainly not the strongest part of the German lines around Paris seriously increases the anxiety of the army respecting the possible battle.. It is felt that his Majesty runs a greater risk than is absolutely neces sary. His following, you must remember, is a thousand strong or more ; and the difficulties of getting so large and heterogeneous a body of important personages away to a place of safety at an hour's notice are very great. Every human precaution against a sur prise—which, frankly speaking, I deem now to be im, possible, though I could not have conscientiously have said as much a fortnight ago—has been taken, and Versailles is safe ; but we seem to be on the eve of a fearful struggle. I entertain the strongest possible conviction that the bombardment of Paris, about which so much has lately been talked and written, and the very thought of which has caused deep emotion throughout Europe, will never come off at all. Paris will fall without going through the fiery ordeal. The investing army will hold its ground, but no more—that, at least, is my belief ; it will drive back every attempt t o _ _ break through the circle of steel and sinew it has drawn round the city; it will, perhaps, effect the destruction of two or three detached forts ; but it will undertake no regular siege operations, and, above all, it will not bom bard Paris. Moreover, I shall not be surprised to see the King's flag waving over the Tuileries on the 20th of No vember. It is a fact that part of the new French loan has been taken up by Berlin bankers. . The first performance at the Com4die FranQaise, for the benefit of the sick and wounded was conducted by actors in plain clothes and without scenery. In Paris a scheme is talked of for forming a neutral State between France and Germany, by adding Luxem burg, Alsace, and Lorraine to Belgium. It is significant that such ideas should be expressed in the capital. A balloon from Paris was captured in the neighbour hood of Verdun. Some well-directed shots brought it down, and it was found to contain, besides • numerous letters and newspapers, two Frenchmen and an English man. They were arrested, but will come to no harm, two of them being merchants, and their object having simply been to get out of Paris. For £l2O a balloon was pro vided for them, and they had been making a rapid passage for three, hours when their journey was arrested. Mr. Sullivan, formerly American Minister at Lisbon, reached Versailles from Paris on the 29th. He states that the stores of flour are still tolerably large, but the supply of meat is decidedly diminishing.. Everybody is now restricted to buying four oumes, and the army re ceive these rations gratis. The stores of hams and preserved meat are not so large as were formerly believed. The price of meat being fixed by the Government, it can not be said to be much dearer than formerly. The people are by no means despairing, An heroic courage and con fidence of victory are expressed. The horse market is becoming more and more important in Paris. A Government Commission attends to examine the animals exposed for sale, and brands those which it deems fit for human food. The ordinary weight of a living horse is from 400 to 450 kilogrammes, and the selling value is from 40 to 50 centimes the kilogramme. On the 25th October 700 horses were offered at the market and 400 were slaughtered, most of the remainder having been retained by the Government for remounts. Asses and mules are also sold in the market and are in great demand. Young asses are eagerly sought for, and bring 75 centimes per kilogramme of the living animal. The Gaulois of Sunday last, refeering to the prolonged inaction both before and from within Paris, says :—" But preparations are now being made for a speedy adoption of energetic measures. Already General Trochu has laid before his colleagues t.t the Hotel de Ville the plan of future operations, and from what we have heard of it we anticipate the happiest results. But is the denouement at hand ? If we may believe the Francais, which is usually well-informed, the Governor of Paris, when visit ing, the other day, the ambulance at the Palace de l'lndustrie, stopped before the bed of a sergeant of the fine and asked, ' How long do you think it will be before you are ready to resume work, mon brave ?" Not for a month yet, General." That is too long,' replied the General, smiling; hi a month's time we shall no longer have need of you." FRENCH BRAVERY A r CHATEAUDUN. Much bas been said atout the decline of the French soldier, and undoubtedly there are abundunt signs that neither man nor officer is what he was ; but no such symptoms were apparent at Chateaudun. The defence of this place was so remarkable that an account from Berlin is worthy of notice. It comes from a source by no means distinguished for French sympathies, and yet it praises the bravery of the Mobile Guards even more than the French journals themselves. " About 4,000 strong, they had blocked up every entrance to the town, and so skilfully posted themselves behind cover that the Germans had to bombard the / Ace for eight hours before they could think of proceeding to a more direct and effective attack. It was 9 p.m before the 30 guns that had opened the work of destruc tion were ordered off to make way ; for the storming columns ; but the progress of the assaulting parties was stopped by the most solid barricades yet encountered in I this war of sieges. Behind a thick layer of fascines a wall of earth was heaped up Mt, high and 3ft, wide. The earth was backed by stones, supported by felled trees, so as to give additional solidity to the whole, and form a sort of breast-work on the top. This formidable obstruction, lined with dense rows of chassepots, proved impregnable to the infantry, who advanced, tambour battant, with levelled bayonet. After a vain attempt or two to get at the defenders, the artillery was set to work again, but with the like success, its grenades bursting in the earthworks and doing comparatively little injury. The ordinary modes of procedure having thus been exhausted, orders were given by General Wittich, who commanded the expedition, to beat in the side walls of the houses, and thus, penetrating from house to house. take the barricades in the rear. But even this did not discourage the French, who disputed the possession of each house, and did tremendous execution among the engineers, as they smashed in the walls pickaxe in hand. The place was ultimately set on fire, after much carnage. The occupation of the town and district had become im perative, for the immense woods between Paris and Chateaudun were infested by freeshooters, who did great damage. They swarmed about in large numbers, shot Uhlans and sentinels, and greatly annoyed the Germans." The woods, says this account, are now clear of them. THE EMPEROR'S MANIFESTO. The Emperor Napoleon's pamphlet, entitled " The Campaign of 1870: Causes which led to the Capitulation of Sedan," has been already noticed, but it deserves a little more attention. It is professedly by an officer of the Staff, but no secret is made of the Emperor's partici pation in the work' The most remarkacile passage is one at the commencement, in which the Emperor explains his original plan of the campaign—the design he would have carried out .if he had been able. This scheme was known only to himself, Marshal Mac- Mahon, Commander of the First Army Corps, and Marshal Lebmuf, Major-General of the Army of the Rhino. Re was to have crossed the Rhine into Baden, and at once neutralise South Germany andsecure the alliances of Italy and Austria by a striking success. The Emperor says that he undertook this enterprise knowing that his army was inferior to that of Prussia alone, but that he did not know that that army was so ill found or its administrators so resourceless. According to their project 100,000 men would have been marshalled at Metz, 100,000 at Strasbourg, and. 50,000 at the camp of Chalons. " The concentration of the first two armies, one on the Sarre and the other on the Rhine, did not reveal his projects ; for the enemy was left in uncertainty as to whether the attack would be made .against the Rhenish provinces or upon the Duchy of Baden. Ai soon as the' troops should have been concentrated at the points indicated, it was the Emperor's purpose to immediately unite the two armies of Metz and Strasbourg . ; and, at the head of 250,000 men, to cross the Rhine at Maxau, leaving at his right the fortress of Rastadt, and, at his left, that of Gammers, heim. Reaching the other side of the Rhine, ho would have forced the States of the South to observe neutrality, and would then have hurried on to encounter the Prussians. Whilst this movement was in course of execution, the 50,000 men at Chalons, under the command of Marshal Canrobert, were to proceed to Metz, to protect the rear of the army and guard the north-eastern frontier. At the same time our fleet cruising in the Baltic would have held stationary, in the north of Prussia, a part of the enemy's forces, obliged to defend the coasts threatened with invasion." The only chance of this plan succeeding was by rapidity of move , ment, and this condition was utterly wanting. Instead of having the army corps organised locally, and each pos sessing in its own district all the material needful for war, the French regiments were scattered all over France and in Algeria, whilst the stores and accessories were in different cities, in crowded magazines. The men who be longed to various regiments had to join their ranks by a long and complicated route. Thus, for example, the men who were at Strasbourg, and whose regiments were actually stationed in Alsace, instead of at once joining the ranks at Strasbourg, were sent to their respective regimental depots, which might be in the South of France, or even in Algiers, and were thence obliged to return again to Strasbourg for incorpo ration. The powers of the commanders were insufficient for prompt action. Almost everything required a Minis terial authorisation. Lastly, and most important of all, the numbers of the force accumulated were far inferior to those first estimated. The army of Metz—according to this account, though the revelations of the ' late capitulation tell a different tale only numbered 100,000 men, and that of Strasbourg only 40,000 men. Nevertheless the Emperor did not abandon the hope of carrying out the original plan ; but Weissenburg and Woerth set all uncertainty at rest. The French were then reduced to a defensive policy. It was determined to concentrate the army upon Chalons, where Bazaine's forces, joined to those of MacMahon, must have opposed a stout resistance. The Emperor, however, affirms that a letter from M. 011ivier pre vented the retreat from Lorraine by the assu- • ranee that such ,a step would have the worst possible effect upon the French people. (Poor M. 011ivier ! what broad shoulders thine ought to he !) The French chiefs then hoped to gain a victory over one of the three Ger man armies before the others could join it, but it was found impossible to obtain 'information—such clouds of cavalry hung all over the space in front of the advancing hosts. The pamphlet confesses that the position of the Germans could not be ascertained. At this juncture it appears to have been apprehended that communication with the rest of the army would be cut off, and it was represented to the Emperor that his best course was to retire. He did so ' , with the intention of reassuming the functions of government. The state of Paris, however, prevented the fulfilment of this design. The Ministry had convoked the Chambers without any reference to the Head of the State. By the convocation of the Chambers the power of the Opposition became immensely increased, and the Ministry seemed afraid to pronounce • even the Emperor's name. He remained therefore at , Chalons. General Trochu was entrusted with the com mand of Paris. It was the Emperor's opinion, and also MacMahon's, that the Chalons army should fall back and fight under the walls of the capital, but the Ministry sent the most urgent representations that an attempt should be made to relieve the blockade of Metz. MacMahon strongly urged the danger of making a flank march in face of a more numerous enemy, and in accordance with this resolution, retreated to Rheims. But a most pressing injunction came at length, and the obedient soldier, much against his will, moved forward. At this point the Emperor gives some extraordinary accounts of the quality of his army. Of MacMahon's First Corps he says that, " principally composed of regiments from Africa, its troops, after giving proofs of heroic bravery at Woerth, were vividly impressed by the defeat, and by the tremen dous effects of the Prussian artillery, and came away from the field of battle with dissatisfied and mutinous feeling." " These were the oldest of our veterans. Covered with the renown which rightfully belongs to the soldiers of Africa, they had amply justified it. The spectacle of their• discouragement, seen by the rest of the army, was therefore doubly to be feared." Of the Fifth Corps, De Failly's, it is said that, " Having lost without a fight a portion of its equipments, and almost all its- baggage, it had an appearance of indifference and of disorganization of a nature to inspire the most lively anxiety " Douay's Seventh Corps had been at Belfort, and never fought, but " its solidity was not such as might have been desired." With these men MacMahon moved for ward, but was delayed by the old difficulties of commis sariat. On the 27th the Marshal learned that the armies of the Saxon and the Prussian Crown Princes had joined, and he again desired to give up the enterprise as useless ; but again came a formal order to continue the march, and the Emperor was resolved not to oppose the decisions of the Regency. The battles near and at Sedan followed. The Emperor's account of these has already been noticed. The Emperor concludes :—" We should also have been Letter prepared if the Chambers had not incessantly been desirous of reducing the war budget, and had they not always opposed any m ensure to increase the national forces. Fifteen days before the declaration of war, the committee on the Budget in the Corps Legislatif expressed an inten tion to suppress the imperial Guard, and to reduce the effective strength of the army. To these principal causes of our reverses we must add the lamentable habits intro duced into the army by the wars in Africa. Want of discipline, want of cohesion, absence of order. exaggeration of the weight carried by the v sol dier, and of the quantity of the baggage of the officers—these are the abuses which have been intro duced into our armies. The French foot-soldier, for merly noted for the rapidity of his march, is become heavier than the German infantryman. Carelessness of bearing affects military spirit; our officers and soldiers seem to be no longer proud to wear their uniforms; and the medley of costumes painfully affects the eye. This abandon in deportment is reflected in everything else. One - - comes across no rnoro that regularity, that love of duty, that abnegation of self, which are the first qualities bol h of those who command and those who obey. To sum up, the army always reflects the state of society in which it" has been farmed. So long as authority in France was strong and re=pected, the constitution of the army pr tinted I . einarkztble solidity; but when the exceaes of Le Tribune and of tiro Press were permitted to eu, - - feeble authority, and to introduce everywhere a F•P iri „ of criticisn; and insubo r di na ti on , th e array felt the effec ts of it." A JUDGMENT ON BAZAINE. The correspondent 'of the Manchester Guardian, :5,,1°,, was shut up in the fortress of M e t z th roug h o ut the 111 ,, v ment, and who had, ther e for e , ever y mea ns of Part: gives the following remarkable judgment on Baz 9 l, e e conduct:— After Sedan and th e f a ll o f th e Empire , " 3 i news of which reached us on the 7th o f Septembe r, became evident to all that Marshal Bazaine refill to act on the aggressive. He would 11° 0 compromise himself in any way—to play a waiting 0 111 be was his policy. If a strong Republica n party coul d 5 . formed, he could then sell his sword and his service to them. If, as we all thought prob a bl e then, Pr il°slli would do anything to avoid the firebrand of a republic° near her borders —borders which seem to enlarge day h 9 day ; if she. would the rather foste r a regelicY me , - h repeat the history of those Hundr e d Days ww c i e followed the parallel epoch in the g rea t N a poleon' 3 ' .a ; —then Bazaine's power would be at it s cu l m i n ating 1 3t 4 By this light alone can the military- inactivity of tc'd army of the unseen Rhine, which sat dowh so long °ll . l, sadly by the waters of the Moselle, b e rea d. From t)5 cause alone did that cavalry, the pride of France; do nothing but eat its own hors es , an d it is this ° which will be written between the li nes of 13311it5r1, the history wherein are described for th e fi r st time capitulation of 188,000 men, three marshals of France' and half a hundred generals, with a ll th e i r arres 9A baggage, without a battle ; the rende r i ng u p o f a R 1144 %1 1 town against the will of its inhabita n t s an d in sPit e their remonstrance ; the abandonme n t o f a forl, almost impregnable, which never fired a shot from its w...- i and into which no shot ever fell ; and which s en , away an army " vanquished by famine " with six dO s full rations, and who, as I saw my se lf, h an d e d out fr ° ' .,, their .fourg,ons huge portions of bacon t o th e people i i ': they were led away yesterday morning into captivity. ~,, is necessary to state this as a p re li m i nar y apoloP for the brave men who are suff er i ng t o -daY , „ Pr the faults of others—faults in no wa y a ttaew' themselves to the working portion of the ar il° but arising simply and solely from the self- I ° °e ' self-esteem, and jealousy of- .their generals. At the same time it is not fair to place all the blame on Mar shal Bazaine. Wishing himself to rule alone, he incurred t he distrust and dislike of his coadjutors, and an open rupt ure ' or even not seldom a fracas, in th e C ounc il o f WO W the lamentable spectacle 'presented to us and reported ti!°, once to the enemy. Bazaine was the i n h er itor of feebleness of his predecessors ; that feeblene'ss was 11 :: i personal strength ; and, supplanting them, he encourag t rather than suppressed their discussions, us i ng their 011 of unity as an excuse for inactivity, resting in . a det ucr ralising idleness from the Ist of September until ill° lB ‘ ment was impossible. From the day of the disastri and disgraceful battle of St. Privat (Au gus t 18) of wbic ii 4 sent you an accounc.we waited day after day till the 31 ; of August with ou t a s i ng l e movemen t , an d a t ele lie t o'clock on that day began a tardy, lingering movenle° from the camps to the front-of St. Julien for the a ttaelt°, ° St. Barbe, the enemy's positi on comman di ng the lo s t valley of the Moselle. This movem en t, con d uc t e d in t ,,„ mencing m open day, openly talked of for d a y s b e f ore , an d n ot cow as a serious attack till 3 in th e a ft ernoon , was eircP yet successful, and if carried on with vigour m ight hAI broken that cordon which surround e d us , an d have 11 ° , only relieved Metz from the incubus of an overwheln 3l 9 and ever-eating force of useles defenders, but havernarer to the relief of the other threatened or beleagueredtow n° ' but it was not carried on with vigour. The Prussia ll :, taken, in spite of our warning, at a di sa d van t a ge, w e ' o allowed time to bring up their reinforcem en t s . Our fa ce t were split up into detached sections, a n d on -the Ist September we were driven back to our old quartets' losing, it is true, few men, but much hope and all fla il ill ,, the capacity of our generals. Nev er s i nce th en has the r " been made one serious effort to mak e a sor ti e , not ct le single attempt to leave in Metz b u t a garr i son s ufficie° t for its defence, and to give the officers that boon tb e ' ,, begged for—or grant men that prayer they prayed for te the opportunity to do or die. The Pall Mall Gazette condemns Bazaine unreserve cllP It says there is now no doubt that he had under his 0 1 ' 3 ; mand more men than was at first ann ounce d. He had at least 160,000, whilst the Germ ans cou ld no t di s pose e` ‘ more than 240,000,- which were scattered over a i i ,,„ e twenty-seven miles long, and broken in two '-',' a river. Bazaine might h ave b ro k en 1311 " . That political motives prevented him is c ar ' tatu. But what, remains inexplicable is the inaction or at least the indecision, of Bazaine during the last dth/ 4 of August and the first days of Septemb er . O n the 31" „ of August he attempts an attack towards the north and continues it throughout the night and the followiq morning ; yet three Prussians divisions are suftieie n " to drive him back under the guns of the forts. The attempt must have been extremely feeble, consid er ing the enormous strength with which he might have mad; it. A general who has sixteen divisions of splendid infantry under him, to be repelled by three divisions of the enemy ! It is too bad. Bazaine's previous militall career was none of the brightest. His Mexican campaign merely proved that he cared more for reward that' for glory or the credit of his country. His nomination t ° the command-in-chief of the Army of the Rhine was a ll° to accidental circumstances ; he got it, not because he w °B the most eligible but the least ineligible of the possible candidates ; and the deciding consider tions were anything , but strictly military. I le will be immortalized' as the man who committed th e most disgraceful act in Ffench military history--who pre vented 160,000 Frenchmen from breaking through the investing army of, under the circumstances, positively inferior strength, and surrendered th em as prisoners °, war when there was nothing more to eat. The correspondent of the Pall Mall Gazette gives An unfavourable account of food prospects in Paris. "We are sadly pinched for meat, and have only beef An' mutton for twenty days." • When Schelstadt surrendered, the soldiers and the ple b plundered the shops and stores, and set the place on fire' The commandant, Count von Reinach, was the first to leave the town under the escort of the Prussian officer s who had come to complete the document relative t ° the surrender. At Count von Reinach's request three Prussian battalions were sent into the place to take pos• session of the powder magazines even before the dock• ments in question could be ratified. The bread committee of Brussels, having learned that Metz was about to capitulate, sent on Wednesday, th e 26th ult., a train of provisions to that place under the charge of M. Astruc. The provisions consisted o f 40° kilos. of sugar, 200 kilos. of coffee, 2,500 kilos. of salt, kilos. of dried peas and beans, 2,000 kilos. of salt meat and fat, 5,000 kilos. of flour, and 10,000 kilos. of potatoes' Further supplies are being forwarded. Herr Wachenhusen of the Cologne Gazette, comments oi l the splendidly martial appearence of the French Imperial Guard. " The demeanour of the men was stern and quie t; grief, sorrow, and the most deadly hatred against u s, the victorious Prussians, were plainly depicted upon th e countenances of nearly all the officers and non-cony missioned officers, and even most of the troops. Numerou s painful scenes took place ; many of the French soldier s burst into tears when they took leave of their officers, ao ci , I saw many a tear course down th e b ronze d an d furrovio cheek of many an officer." [AnvEansEmENT.l 7 -Holloway's Ointment and Pills.; Sore Throat.—There is in our variable clime no complain" more common than this, few more annoying or mor e troublesome to cure when neglected. The moment ther e is any hoarseness or dry cough the part affected, ate; fomentation with salt water, should be briskly rubbed with a piece of new flannel for opening the pores fc' absorbing ; the Ointment to be instantly applied. Repen the process twice a day. Th e mos t o b s ti na t e sore t h ro at or cough will disappear before this t rea t men t. It wo uld always be as well, while treating the disease externally with the Ointment, to take a co urse o f th e Pill s, w hin would gi ye tone to the system, and expedite and conflrn i the cure. BIRTHS. On the 2d inst., at 7, Tilney-street, Lady Emily Walsb of a daughter. On the 3d inst., at 3, Sussex-place, Regent's-park, the wif e of Alfred Watson, Esq., of a daughter. M A RRIAGES. On the 2d inst., at 24, Belsize-road, St. John's-wood' Mr. Horatio Jones, of St. John's-hill, Shrowsbnry,,t ° Isabella, the second daughter of the late Mr. Mauric e Solomon. On the Ist inst., at Clapham, Alfred Parrey, fourth sou of the late James Benbow, Esq., of Banksidc, Sonar wark, to Rosetta, the only daughter of the late George Humphreys, Esq., of Clapham-rise. D <1 7' fkr. n.st., at Nettleham Hall, bincoinAlire, Joi ;., aged 82. ( • the inst., at DDiddiek Hall, c,aity of Dur • Henry :•; iii, aged 00. Llndon : Printed by GIDEON ACL AND POYTE, " f No. 1.12, Strand, Printer, and Published by him a t TEE SUN Otrand, in the Prceinct of. 1 ,- . 11 • :7avoy, the I 1,, T tray Saturday, Nurwaer 5, iati: