The Sun. — London, England, 1870-09-01 00:00:00

"V MOSES and SON. E CORNER of MINORIES and ALDGATE. NEW OXFORD-STREET, CORNER lIART-STILENT. CORNER of TOTTENHAM-COURT-ROAD and EUSTON-ROAD. BRADFORD, YORKSHIRE. MOSES and SON'S PRICE LIST of GENTLEMEN'S CLOTHING. Frock Dress 0 (ford Carob. Coats. Coats. Coats. Coats. 255. 255. 175. 18s. 30s. 30s. 21s. 225. 355. 355. 265. 28s. 425. 425. 30s. 325. cos. 505. 365. 365. 03s. 60s. 425. 425. Also at Also at Also at Also at other prices. other prices. other prices other prices MOSES and SON beg to remind t F, • that the cheapness of an article depends en quality, and they venture to affirm that every article is tlonsiderably cheaper than what can be obtained ho Ise in England. the public itirely on its sold by them at any other E. MOSES and SON'S PRICE LIST of G ENTLEMEN'S CLOTIIING CONTINUED: Summer I Tourist I Summer Dress Suits. Suits. Trousers. Trousers. 245. 245. 10s. 6d. ' 15s. 2Ss. 2Bs. 12s. Gd. 16s. 6d. 365. 365. 14s. 18s. 40s. 425. 15s. Gd. 215. 455. 48s. 17s. 6d. 245. 555. 525. 20s. 265. Also at Also at Also at Also at other prices. other prices. other prices. other prices ORDERS by post are punctuality, and the eas measure introduced by E. MO. guarantee a faultless fit. attended to wit sy and accurate sy; )SES and SON enal h care and tetri of self- floe them to E MOSES and SON'S PRICE b Tof BOYS' CLOTHING : Knickerbocker Suits. 9s. ad. 133. 6(.1 Eton I Brighton narrow Suits. Suits. 1 Suits. las. 6,1 15s. 1 iSs. i ISs. 193. 235. 225, 21s. ! 265. I 265. 265. I 325. I 326. 365. I 365, Also at I Also at Also at Also at other prices. other prices. other prices. other prices, FMOSES and SON supply every description of • clothing, ready-made, or made to measure, for all ages, all occasions, and all classes : also Hosiery and Drapery, Hats and Caps, Boots and Shoes, and complete outfits for all climates. All Goods marked in Plain Figures. Any article exchanged if not worn or Injured. List of Prices, with Rules for Self-measure, Patterns, and Fashion-sheet, gratis and post-Ire E. MOSES and SON'S Establishments are closed every Friday evening at sunset till Saturday evening . at sunset, when busi ness is resumed until Eleven o'clock. The following are the only addresses of E. MOSES and SON : LONDON. CORNER of MINORIES and ALDGATE. NEW OXFORD-STREET, CORNER OF lIART-STREET. CORNER of TOTTENHAM-COURT-ROAD and EUSTON-ROAD. COUNTRY BRANCH. BRAD FORD. YORKSHIRE. V THEATRE, STRAND.- VV Lessees—Messrs. H. J. Montague, D. James, and T. Thorne. THIS EVENING, at 7.30, CHISELLING. Mr. David James. After which, at 8, the Comedy, in Three Acts, entitled TWO ROSES, by James Albery. To conclude with the successful Burlesque, DON CARLOS ; or, The Infante in Arms. Supported by Messrs. 11. Irving, G. Honey, Lin Rayne, W. H. Stephens, and T.lThorne ; Mesdames Nelly Power, Amy Fawsitt, T. Lavis, and A. Newton. MA DA ME TUSS AUD'S EXHIBITION, BAKER STREET. On view Portrait Models of the Emperor Napoleon 111., the Empress Eugenie, and Prince Imperial ; King William of Frussia, and Count von Bismarck. Admission, Is.; Children under 10 years of age, 6d. Napoleon Rooms 6d. extra. Open from 10 a.m. till 10 p.m. PARTRIDGE AND COOPER, MANUFACTURING STATIONERS, 192, FLEET-STREET (CORNER OF CHANCERY-LANE), LONDON (E.O ), THE PUBLIC DUPPLIED AT WHOLESALE PRICES, AND ciARBIAGE PAID to the COUNTRY ON ORDERS OVER 20s Per ream. s.d. Fine Cream Laid Note; a cheap paper..... Superfine Cream Laid Note ; much approved Superfine Thick Cream Lail Note ; especially recommended 5 6 Extra Superfine Double Thick Cream Laid Note . .. 7 0 Straw Paper, " Patent:" adapted for rapid writing 2 6 Large Commercial Note Papers Is., 4s. 55., and 6 0 Foolscap Papers, blue or cream.......... 105. 6d., 12s. 6d., and 14 6 Outsides Foolscap Letter Paper for scribbling plain, 45.; ruled ditto, 4 6 Tinted Lined Note ~, five quires for ls. 6d., or .5 6 New Vellum Wove " Club House" h ote, five quires for 2s. 6.1. Superfine Cream or Blue Envelopes, 4s 6d, 58 6d. & 6s 6d .. Large Blue Wove Commercial Envelopes, 4s 6ell . /per 1,000 Cheap Buff Colour, for circulars, &c., 3s. COLOUR STAIIPING (Relief) reduced to ls. per 100. Polished steel dies sunk by the best artists in the trade at about half the prices charged by the retail houses. An ILLU3TR A. TED CATALOGUE, containing full descrip tion, with prices of Account Books, Copying Presses, Inkstands, Stationery, Cabinets, Postage Scales, Despatch Boxes, Travelling Writing Cases. Desks, post free. Established 1841 RUPTURES-BY ROYAL LETTERS PATENT wirrE's MOC-MAIN LEVER TRUSS (Perfected and Exhibited in the Great Exhibitions of 1851 and 182), is allowed by upwards of Five Hundred Medical men to be the most effective invention in the curative treatment of HERNIA. The use of a steel spring, so often hurtful in its effects, is here avoided—a soft bandage being worn round the body, while the requisite resisting power is supplied by the Moe- Main Pad and Patent Lever, fitting with so much ease and cicse nese that it cannot be detected, and may be worn during sleep. A descriptive circular may be had, and the truss, which can not fail to fit, f3rwarded by post, on the circumference of the body, two inches below the hips, being sent to the manu facturer, Mr. JOHN WHITE, 228, Piccadilly, London. A. Single Truss, 165., 215., 265. 6d., and 31s. 6d. Postage, is. A Double Truss, Ms. 6d., and b2s. 6d. Postage, ls. Bd. An Um bilical Truss, 425. and 525. 6d. Postage, ls. 10d. Post-office Orders to be made payable to John White, Pos office, Piccadilly. NEW PATENT ELASTIC STOCKINGS, KNEE-CAPS, &c., for Varicose Veins and all cases of Weakness and Swelling of the gs, Sprains, &c. They are porous, light in texture, and inexpensive, and are drawn on like an ordinary stocking Price 48 6d., 78. Gd., 108., and 16s. each Postage, 6d. JOHN WHITE Manufacturer, 228, Piccadilly TWIN GOSNELL and CO.'S CHERRY ej TOOTH PASTE is greatly superior to auy tooth powder; gives the teeth a pearl whiteness, protects the enamel from eecay, and imparts a pleasant fragrance to the breath. Price is. a Red Bull Wharf, tni, Upper Thames street, London. NOTHING IMPOSSIBLE, A GUA AAIARELLA restores the Human Hair I-1 to its pristine hue, no matter at what age. J NO. GOSNE I,L and CO. have at length, with the aid of one of the most eminent Chemists, succeeded in perfecting this wonder ful liquid. It is now offered to the public in a more concentrated form, and at a lower price. Sold in bottles, Es each; also 55., 7s. rd., and 159. each, nclud ng brush. Red Bull Wharf, Angel-passage, f 3, Lipper Thames -street, Lon don, E.C. T HORLEY'S HORSE and - CATTLE SPICE, In Penny Pack ets only, of all Corn Chandlers in London, and Of all Grocers, Druggists. and Corn Dealers in the Country. NATIONAL INSTITUTION for DISEASES of the SKIN, Gray's-inn-road and Mitre-street. Physi cian, Dr. BARR MEADOWS, 40, Dover-street, Piccadilly. Ave rage number of Patients under treatment, 1,000 weekly. Free letters are available for necessitous applicants. THOMAS ROBINSON, Hon. See. STRUGGLES OF A VILLAGE LAD, THE. Spewing that nothing is difficult when you try. Illurainatte fancy cover, is. ; cloth boards, ls. 6d. Pot free for stamps. London —W. TWEED lE. 337. Strand. 1.79 GS OF ALL THE BIRDS WHICH BREED 12/ IN GREAT BRITAIN. Dy a Clergyman. The classical, common, and local names, with description of ..est, and various other interesting particulars ; 170 utlines, printed on thick paper fox painting. offering a moat instructive and delightful amusement to young persons, Price 64. Tinted, Is. Post free for stamps London—W. T7WEEDIE. 337. Strand. TEMPERANCE STATED AND ILLUSTRATED. By Eminent Writers. This carefully-collated selection of facts, testimonies, and opinions in favour of Abstinence is ad m i ra b ly suited for circulation amongst persons of culture and intelligence, who may for the first time he induced to investigate the claims the Tourerance Movement. lettered, price Is. Cd. Post free for Staub. LONdnli TwEgr.)x. 337. Strand. THEATRES, AND AMUSEMENTS. GAIETY—Peter Spyk. Dolly. Bluebeard. QuEEres-My Wife's Dentist. 'Twixt Axe and Crown. OLvarpic—Old Gooseberry. Little Em'ly. Undine. VAUDEVILLE—ChiseIIing. Two Roses. Don Carlos. STRAND—Kind to a Fault. Pilgrim of Love. NATIONAL STANDARD—Put Yourself in his Place. The Hole in the Wall. ALHAMBRA—Grand Ballet and Varieties. CREMORNE—Fireworks, Ballet, &c. ST. JAMES'S HALL.—Christy Minstrels. Every evening. MADAME TUSSAUD'S (Baker-street) —From 11 a.m. till 3 p.m. and 7 till 10 p.m. ls.; extra rooms, 6d. POLYTECHNIC—Professor Pepper's Ghosts. Afternoon and Evening. - 111 T ORNING EDITION LONDON, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 1, 1870. Oun anticipations are often falsified in this boas ful nineteenth century in a manner the most astounding. No sooner had we hit upon our international exhibitions, for example, than people began to talk about the millennium. Swords were to be beaten into ploughshares, and spear-heads, or at any rate, bayonets, into reaping -hooks. That was nearly twenty years ago. It was in 1851 when a Crystal Palace glii4ered on the green sward of Hyde Park, to the north east of the spot where now stands the huge dome of the Albert Hall, due east of where now glitters yet more gorgeously the half ecclesiastical shrine of the gold encrusted Albert Memorial. Between then and now, how many wars have there been ? Among others, there have been as sanguinary and as destruc tive wars, both in the old world and the new, as his tory has anywhere recorded. There have been in suc cession the Crimeanwar, and the Chinese war, and the Japanese war, and the Mexican war, and the great civil war in America, and the Italian war, and the great internecine German war between Prussia and Austria, and the Indian mutiny, and the war in New Zealand, and the war in Abyssinia. Finally, there is the terrible war now raging so furiously be tween the two greatest military nations on the European Continent. After twenty years, or very nearly twenty years, have thus succeeded 1851, this, it will be admitted, looks very like the approach of the looked-for Millennium ! Again, what with our railroads and electric tele graphs, what with our steam vessels and locomo tives, what with our steam-printing presses and our übiquitous newspaper correspondents, it has long come to be regarded as impossible or next to impossible to keep the public in the dark in regard to any posts whatever for any, even the most fugi tive, intervals of time. Nevertheless, with all these appliances at command, how has the case been, not here in England alone, but all over Western Europe during the last week or ten days, in regard to two of the largest armies for many years gathered together ? Railways, telegrams, journals, to the con trary notwithstanding! Millions have been in absolute darkness all that while as to what in the name of fortune has become of either of those armies. Looking at the map of the seat of war, in wondering quest of either of them, one has been tempted often to say, as the interlocutors exclaim at the close of their first col lective interview with the Ghost in " Hamlet," '"Tis here ! " "'Tis there ! " "'Tis gone ! " In one sense we are no better off than our forefathers. Like them we have to wait—a lesser time, it is true—but, in either case, we have to exercise our patience. In another sense we are much worse off than our pre decessors, for we are more readily open to deception. Bewildering telegrams make bad worse. Accordingly as the news hails from Paris or Berlin—from this headquarter or from that—the tidings come with the most flagrant contradictions. All this is in some respects a wholesome lesson to those who are dis posed to be boastful as to the pre-eminence of the pre sent over all preceding generations. With all our vaunted enlightenment, we are really very little more enlightened. With all our impassioned yearn ings for peace, we are not a jot less homicidal. WE fear that the vision which was entertained in some quarters that a process had been discovered whereby the sewage of our towns could be converted into portable guano, has been entirely and somewhat roughly dispelled by a Parliamentary return which has recently been published. We all know that town sewage is a most valuable fertiliser when applied to the soil, a most noxious pest when allowed to escape into our rivers. We do not need to be told that when the sewage of towns can be spread over adjacent land the results are most satisfactory, and a high degree of fertility is attained at the same time that a grievous nuisance is abated. But while this mode of dealing with sewage is practicable in small towns where the quantity is manageable, and laud is not of excessive value, the case is different in large towns and cities. There the amount of sewage is prodigious, and the extent of land needed to get rid of it is very great, at the same time that the value of land is very high. Clearly, then, if any means could be devised whereby the sewage could be converted into portable manure, capable of conveyance to any part of the kingdom, a serious difficulty would be surmounted, and a substantial boon conferred. In fact, town and country would alike benefit. These advantages seemed to be offered by. the "A. B. C." process. This process consists in passing the sewage of a town into works, where it is mixed with certain chemicals, and, the solid matter having been ex tracted, the harmless and comparatively pure water with which it is was originally mixed is allowed to pass off into the river. The solid matter is then dried and is offered for sale as native guano. This process is ingenious and is apparently successful. A casual visitor inspecting the works at Leamington would see the solid manure ready for sale, and the water which originally contained it running almost pure into the adjacent Leam. Unfortunately there are two tests which quickly ascertain the value of a process of this kind, the purity of the effluent liquid and the fertilising properties of the manure. Of course the greater the first, the greater also should be the second. The more the sewage matter had been taken out of the one, the more should be left behind in the other. The report presented by Sir WILLIAM DENISON, Mr. FRANKLAND, and Mr. C HALMERS M ORTON , th e commissioners appointed to inquire into the protec tion of rivers, shows that the "A. B. C." process is an entire failure. The effluent water that poured into the Learn contained a much larger per tentage of sewage matter than the maximum permitted by law. On the other hand, the " native guano " wa s almost worthless, commercially, and the cost of production far more than swallowed up the small apparent profit made upon the sales. The theoretical value of the manure is THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 1, 1870. 345. 9d. per ton, and the net result of one day's work ing at Leamington was to produce manure to the theoretical value o f 235. 2d. 1 his large loss is greatly increased whe e find that this guano is worth, accordin to Professor VOELCKED.'S analysis, only 15s. sd. per ton, and actually commanded no more than Is. per ton in the market. The truth is that when manures are so weak they cease practically to be of any value, for the labour and the cost of applying them to the soil become so great that the farmers will not take them at any price. As for the sewage water, that _was found to contain actually more solid matter in solution than the sewage before it had undergone the so-called defee cation, the addition being clue to the mixture of chemicals with which the sewage was treated. The failure, both chemical and commercial, was, therefore, complete. Dr. ODLING, the celebrated chemist, indicates another objection to the " A.8.C." process of a moral character. It is a well-known fact that common salt cannot be extracted from sewage water on a large scale. Yet he found that the effluent water contained considerably less salt than the sewage Consequently he came to the conclusion that something was concealed, and that this something was the introduction secretly of a large quantity of river water into the effluent water, in order to dilute the manurial constituents of the matter. His guess was correct; and the fact was admitted to the Commissioners when they paid their visit to the Leamington works. Another circum stance that will by no means inspire confidence in this process is mentioned by Dr. ODLING. He found in the native guano large quantities of crystals of sulphate of ammonia. How did they get there ? The not very satisfactory explanation was offered that they had been ordered by mistake for sulphate of magnesia. Now as ammonia is the essence of manurial fertility, Dr. ODLING suspected that this sulphate of ammonia had been secretly introduced into the native guano in order' to give it a value which it. did not otherwise possess, and to deceive those who were investigating the 'process. The result was that he came to the conclusion that the process was " simply a juggle." Whether it be so or not, it is clear that the process is a failure. Even if the native guano possessed fertilising value, it cannot be produced under a cost greatly exceeding even the most liberal estimate of its worth. At the same time it leaves unsolved the problem of preserving our rivers from pollution. The one failure is in fact inseparable from the other. If the manure is not kept back, it must passlaway ; if it is not to be found in the native guano, it will be found in the river. The sum and substance of the Commissioners' inves tigations is, that although they will not undertake to assign limits to chemical invention hereafter, at present the only Diode of dealing with town sewage is to convey it direct to the land. TOPICS OF THE DAY. A GERMAN PLEA FOR -GERMANY. Max Muller has written to the Times to vindicate Count Bismarck and the Germans from the charges which have been brought against them with respect to the Secret Treaty. He maintains, against Sir Harry Verney and- everybody, that since 1866 Count Bismarck's policy has been patriotic and peaceful, sans reproche, though, no doubt, also sans pear. Professor Muller considers that the times we live in are cri tical, and he who embitters one nation against another incurs fearful responsibilities. England is neutral, and as yet the people have maintained a dignified attitude. But to be neutral does not mean that one is to surrender the right of judgment, and England has pronounced her opinion on the war in no uncertain tone. All have agreed that the war is unprovoked, and in history such an epithet changes war into brigandage. Germany was threatened, insulted, invaded, and the people of Germany have risen to repel the invader. In con clusion, Professor Milner declares that England and Germany should love each other.. If Germany con quers, a •new era of peace will dawn on Europe; for Germany, if once united, would tole rate no war of conquest. An army in which every second man is the father of a family is the best gua rantee for the peace of the world. In the whole history of modern Europe, England and Germany have never been at war, and he feels convinced they never will be. THE NEUTRAL POWERS. me Vienna correspondent of the Eastern Budget says that the significance of the fact that an agree ment has taken place between the two Powers whose mutual distrust has hitherto given the Prussian Cabinet such confidence, will certainly not be under rated at Berlin. A ring of neutral Powers is forming around Prussia, which must check any plans of con quest. The Germans had. been led to think that Russia was sure to- support the policy of Prussia, but it will be quite impossible for them to believe so any longer. Besides this, the whole of Germany blight decline to support Prussia in any defiant policy, such as the annexation of Alsace and Lorraine. The Russians would certainly resent such an act, and regard it as the prelude to an attack on the Baltic provinces. The whole of the Russian press has assumed a decidedly anti-Prussian tone, and it has asserted that Russia could not support the policy of Prussia unless Austria's co-operation had been obtained. If the Russian Cabinet has joined the- other neutral Powers, it has but obeyed the dictates of public opinion in the country. The true state of the case is mis represented by the Prussians in order that they may sow distrust among those of the Austrian nationali- ties who would be inclined to fear that a common action with Russia might lead to a reactionary policy. This view finds very few supporters, how ever, and most people recognise the truth that the policy of self-protection animates both Austria and Russia in their respective schemes. WAIL WITH PRIVATE INDIVIDUALS. The North German Gazette refers to Prince Joinville's letter approving of the conduct of the civil population of Weissenburg in firing on German troops, and is very indignant with the writer. It declares that if private persons take ad vantage of every opportunity they may have to take part in military combats, the consequence will be that private property will no longer be respected by the soldiers. A return will be made to the system of war making which prevailed in the middle ages ; the route of an army will be marked by plundered towns and burning villages. Instead of the com paratively humane course which is now pursued, we should witness a renewal of the mediaeval horrors which our enlightened age has sought to diminish, and suffering and disgrace to the world would result. SPECIAL CORRESPONDENCE. Although the French and German authorities have placed impediments in the way of the transmission of manuscript from the seat of war to English news papers, the English public may be very grateful for being enabled to read every morning even the corn paratively late intelligence which can be furnished for them. During the Peninsular and Waterloo campaigns a fortnight or three weeks was the usual interval between the transmisssion and the receipt of the formal dispatches that were then suppliel for English readers. Even when the news came, so businesslike and official was it that many people, after perusing it, were not quite sure whether the narrati':o of the great Duke, who was, however, sup posed never to fight in vain, told of . a victory or not. Things were altered when our soldiers, with the French as allies, went to the Crimea; and it was in this war that special correspondents were first ordered to accompany the armies. The feverish impatience with which English readers in the summer months of 1854 watched morning after morning for news was the result of the system of supplying true descriptive accounts of the movements in the field ; and yet the enthusiasm and anxiety then exhibited were as nothing to what it is in these days. Railways or steamboats were not then plentiful, and telegraphic communication was not easy ; nevertheless, it was acknowledged that the transmission of intelligence was so well and so rapidly accomplished, that Balaclava was brought, practitally, nearer to Eng land than Oporto forty years before. -Strategically considered, it may be wise to prevent information being circulated in the swift way that it can be now-a-days. English people, spite of this, would hardly think it just or merciful if they should be kept as ignorant as the French are now of the proceedings in • the field, if their relatives were risking their blood and their lives. - in the great struggle. As the English forces are not engaged in this war we, however, need not grumble because we hear of battles a few hours or even days later than we might. In justice to British journals, it must nevertheless, be remembered that the delay in getting news does not arise from any inactivity on the part of those writers who have been sent out, and have endured much to procure it. PERILS OF ENGLISHMEN IN FRANCE. Some writers in the Times give a description of the hardships which Englishmen have to endure who brave the perils of a visit to our French friends in the present unfortunate state of affairs. Whether they are provided with a passport or not, they run groat chance of being arrested. One of the travellers in question was furnished with a passport direct from the Foreign Office, but, upon reaching Montes, he was seized by two gendarmes and marched off to the chief magistrate. He was taken to Paris and con ducted to the Prefecture of Police, where he was cast into a prison cell, having been deprived of his money, watch, and papers. He remained there for five days, being treated all the time like a " gaol bird." His thanlis•are due to Lord Lyons for the zeal he displayed in effecting his liberation. Hie 4 sufferings during his imprisonment were great, and to this day he remains in ignorance of the cause of his arrest. Another writer states that he has just returned from Paris, which looks beautiful. The other night he was walking down the Rue Rivoli when he heard some one muttering behind him, and looking round saw an ouvrier who was carrying a bundle of wood. Not liking his appear ance the traveller quickened his pace, when he re ceived a tremendous blow on the head from behind which sent his hat rolling on the ground. Quito bewildered by' the suddenness of this attack, he turned and found the assailant hissing out " Pruss-ss-ien," and corning on again with his bundle of wood:raised. He knocked the man down, and the next moment gained the darkness and the labyrinths of the Palais Royal. He believes that the feeling ,of ex tends to the English as well as the Prussians. The French rabble cannot endure that Albion should see them mortified and humiliated, and they want " to have it out of some one." A GERMAN REPUBLICAN. While all . eyes are turned in the direction of Germany, and when there seems good reason to look upon a German Empire as at least a possibility, the ❑ews reaches us of the death of a well-known popular leader, whose aim was very different from that of Bismarck. Gustav von Struve, who has just ended his daysat Vienna, was one of the foremok men of the party who endeavoured to establish in Germany a Democratic Commonwealth on the Swiss principle. Like many others of his school, he prove]. the si•i cerity of his convictions by the sacrifices he made for them, and the sufferings he underwent on their behalf. He belonged to an aristocratic family, and held a post at the Frankfort Embassy, but surren dered everything to his views. He was imprisoned in the fortress of Rastadt, with Karl Blind and others, in the subterranean casemates, and it is said that the harsh treatment he received laid the foundation of the disease to which he has now Allen a victim. A fter being released from prison, and exiled from his native country, Struve went to America, where he fought in the civil war on the side of the Union. Since then ho has returned to Germany and devoted himself to literature, in which he was a proficient, having published several works on public law and a universal history. He died, seeing his dream of a republic as far from realisation as ever. IRISH EMIGRATION. The number of emigrants who left the ports of Ireland in the quarter ending Juno last, amounted to 35,474 souls, being an excess of 6,482 over the number of persons who left Ireland in the corresponding quarter of 1860. The number of births registered in Ireland in the quarter ending June 30th of the p esent year was 41,157, and the number of deaths 23,491. From these statistics it will appear that in a quarter of the present year a decrease of 17,808 persons has taken place in the already scanty popu lation of the sister island. THE INSURRECTION IN ROUMANIA. It appears by intelligence from Bucharest that the revolutionary party in Roumania took advantage of the withdrawal of the garrison from the town of Plojeschti, to .organise an outbreak. The malcon tents are strong in that town and in Crajova and Piteschti, so the opportunity was thought favourable to dislodge Prince Charles and establish a republic. The insurgents seized the public treasury and telegraph office in Plojeschti, and, being encouraged by the National Guard and the firemen, they paraded the streets, proclaimed the republic, and established a Provisional Government, M. Golesco, the late Minister President, being at its head. This state of affairs was not of long duration, for troops were sent from Bucharest, whom the re publican heroes were not disposed to face, and accordingly they took to flight. M. Golesco and several others were arrested. Another insurrection has taken place in a different direction in favour of the ex-Prince Couza, but this also was suppressed with out bloodshed, so that if Prince Charles cannot flatter himself that he is very popular with all classes of his subjects, at all events he has not much difficulty in disposing of his troublesome rivals. TWO VERY OBNOXIOUS CHIEFS. It is a matter of surprise to some business men that England or some other of the powers do not see the advisability of doing something with Oko Jumbo and Ja Ja, two native authorities who have been disturbing the peace of a large tract of country in Africa, and destroying its trade for nearly three years past. Every mail from the Cape . brings intelligence of fresh acts of slaughter or outrage perpetrated by one or other of these rival kings. Their conduct, it is said, is causing traders in large numbers to leave the Opobo and other rivers, where commercial inte rests ought to flourish if peace prevailed. Ja ' Ja has, it appears, recently fortified himself against the attache of Oko Jumbo by a battery of Arm strong guys, but even this defence has not led the latter to believe in the fruitlessness of his antagonism. It would be well if these African desperadoes were taught, once for all, to respect the importance of forbearance and tranquility to the civilisation and safety of a country, from which & England has. already had large returns for any care - she has given to it. The ground-lease of Tavistoek House, Tavistock square, which was for many years the residence of Charles Dickens, before he settled at Gadshill, is among the pro perties offered for sale. 5111 1 ' 4 , 3, ;- ~~\~~Y Ti :Rli AJ Esl' Y. BALMORAL, AUG. 29. The Queen, accompanied by Princess Louise, went to Abergeldie in the morning. Lady Churchill was in attendance. In the afternoon the Queen drove out, accompanied by Princess Beatrice, and attended by Miss Cavendish. Prince Arthur went out deerstalking. Lord Halifax had the honour of dining with her Ma jesty yesterday. Prince and Princess Christian, attended by Lady Susan Melville and Captain the Hon. C. Eliot, returned to Mal vern on Saturday, from visiting Lady Emily Foley, at Stoke Edith Park, and left on Monday for Dunrobin Castle, on a visit to the Duke and Duchess of Suther land. THE CONDITION OF OUR FORCES. We invited attention last week to the number of candi dates for commissions in the army, and the surprise of the . public at the state of things revealed must, we should think, have been considerable. But this is only one of many facts all pointing in the same direc tion, and all, as it appears to us, but imper fectly comprehended. Let us take the case of these expectant officers first ; it will be found to mean a great deal more than is apparent on the surface. We said that at the present moment 600 young gentlemen had established their qualifications for the military profes sion to the satisfaction of official examiners ; but that tells only half the tale. Let the reader reflect for a moment on the conditions under which these candidates have come forward. In the first place, they have been con tent to undergo a preliminary course of study and submit their attainments to the test of actual examina tion. In the next place they are prepared to pay a con siderable_lsum—say £5OO each—for the privilege of entering the Army as officers, and to provide nearly half their future subsistence besides. Lastly. thjy understand full well that many years of their service must be passed in a country thousands of miles from home, probably in utter inactivity, and under the influence of one of the most oppressive and enervating. climates in the world. These are the terms offered to candidates for Commissions in the Army, and yet, in spite of their hardness, the supply far exceeds the demand. The truth is, so far from being in want of officers, 'we have got more than we know what to do with, and ths,t, in point of fact, is our case as regards soldiers also. In all our successive panics we have contented ourselves with raising additional forces under some new title or other. In 1848 we increased the strength of the line and the artillery ; in 1852 we called out the Militia; in 1859 we enrolled our Volunteers. These measures, following one upon the other, have actually given us, as official returns shew, a force of 450,000 troops within the limits of the kingdom. Even according to the scale of modern armaments these numbers must in themselves be considered sufficient, and to add to them once more would only increase a mass of material which already appears too large for us to manage. It is said that these men are without officers. True, but there are the six hundred qualified candidates for officers' commis sions ; and is it not perfectly certain that with a little mo dification of terms these six hundred would quickly become six thousand ? We cannot dispense with profes sional qualifications, but suppose we dispensed with pur chase, and offered homei service instead of service in Bengal—does any man doubt that we might officer a hundred regiments before the year is out ? It is necessary, however, under the circumstances of the time to take into considerntion two points of great importance. Our 450,000 men may be roughly classified as 110,000 regulars, 20,000 reserves, 150,000 militia and yeomanry, and 170,000 volunteers. Now, of these the regulars may be carried off on an emergency for foreign service or garrisons, and this would leave us with only 340,000 troops for the defence of the king dom. But, again, one-half of this force—that is to say, the 170,000 Volunteers—are neither so organized nor so disciplined, it is said, as to be available for the line of battle. They might be of some use as light troops, but nothing more. This deduction, therefore, would leave us with our 150,000 Militia and Yeomanry for the actual shock of battle, and can that force be deemed sufficient ? We answer that if the 130,000 infantry were as well organized, officered, and supported as they might be, and if the 20,000 Yeomanry were as serviceable as the Prussian IThlans 2 the whole force together might prove a very good mat c h for any army that could escape our fleet and effect a landing on our shores. There is not the least necessity, however, for confining ourselves to these numbers or proportions. If the Volun -teers are too numerous for light troops, and the militia too few for the line of battle, nothing would be easier than to make the Militia stronger. The fact is its present strength is absurdly small compared with the number of the population. In 1814 the population of Great Britain was about 13,000,000, and the Militia, regular and local, numbered 370,000. At the pre set time those figures may be about doubled for the population and halved for the Militia ; so that if we raised the Militia to 700,000, we should not be doing more than our fathers did before us. But if our military ad ministrators cannot deal with our existing forces, what would they do with twice the number ? The truth of the whole matter is that we are in want, not of material, but construction. It is of no use adding some new force tb the forces we have already raised, and yet have never been able to organise. Let us construct one Army effec tively before seeking materials for another. Let us bring together the officers we have got and the men we have got, support the whole by services complete in every re spect, and, then, if need be, call in additional levies.— Times. COMIC PAPERS. (From Punch.) THE THREADS OF DISCOURSE.—Lint. PRE-OccurATloNs.---Minister Chevreau, in the French Chamber the other day, said, in answer to M. Gambetta's questions as to the state of things at the seat of war, that Marshal Bazaine was too much occupied to be able to send reports. Query, whether the occupation of Metz had not more to do with the Marshal's silence, than the occupa tion of the Marshal ? IN ACCOUNT WITH WAR. How stands France in account with Napoleon, and Ger many with Bismarck ? Of whom who shall say that either on this age has not left his mark? Debtor, L. N. to France, for the agony of invasion, The cost of the requisitions of an army of occupation • For her capital in a state of siege, her trade i n a s t a te of stagnation, Her agriculture paralysed, and her credit in prostration ; Debtor Bismarck to Germany, for' the best blood in her veins, Drawn off on a score of battle-fields, through a myriad crimson drains ; Debtor for triumph in her streets, and mourning in her homes, Flags hung in her churches, and wounded laid beneath her palace domes. Debtor L. N. and B. to Europe, for general apprehension, And stocks with a tendency downwards, and nerves in a state of tension. For commerce disturbed and trade destroyed, except the • newspaper writer's, And the crippling of all kinds of industry but those that supply the fighters, But against this heavy debtor account a per contra may be stated, Even by France invaded, and Germany decimated. France finds her per contra in this strength of sudden self devotion. These linked hearts and armed hands that rise, like the rise of an angry ocean. And Germany her per contra finds in the unity of will, And strength of stern self-sacrifice, that bears her onward still. - In the strength sublime of a common heart, and the tie of a common cause, That links for defence of Fatherland, its homes, and fields, and laws ! And the World has her per contra in the protest 'gainst faith in gold, The proof that men will give their lives for what cannot be bought and sold. Yes, heavy may be the account of loss that War's bloody book contains, But not less, on the per contra side, write off these mighty gains ! (From Fun.) THROWING COLD WATER ON IT.—Several theatres in Paris have been obliged to close their doors from the want of firemen, employed in the place of regular troops. In this case Caesar and Pompey appear to be very much alike —especially Pompier 1 VICTORY IN MINIATURE.--We learn from a contem porary that :—"The painter Meissonnier has had an interview with the Emperor A Metz. He is to receive 100,000 francs (24,000) to illustrate the victories achieved by the French during the campaign." Meissonier's style may be designated as a sort of miniature painting. But as yet there has been no victory which he could record even on that scale The Bishop of Victoria is expected to return to his diocese in October, attending a Conference at Ootacamund, en route, at the request of the Bishop of Calcutta. A. HANDSOME GIFT.—The Church Herald says the Church Missionary Society has received an anony mous donation of £4,000, DUNI? I LLE and Co., Belfast, are the largest holders of whisky in the world. Their Old Irish Whisky is r ommended by the medical profession in preference to French brand . Sup. plied in casks and cases for home use or exportation. Quotations on application to Messrs DUNVILLE & Co., Royal Irish Dis Belfast : or at thei London Offices, 4, Beaufort Buildings Strand. W.C. I THE MYSTERY OF EDWIN BROOD. , The last - - .i.ne last number of the Mystery of Edwin Drood has been published with the following note : " All that was left in manuscript of " Edwin Drood" ig contained in the number now published—the sixth. It s last entire page had not been written two hours when th . e event occurred which one very touching passage (grave and sad but also cheerful and reassuring) might seem almost to have anticipated. The only notes in reference to the story that have since been found, coneer that portion of it exclusively which is treated in the earlier numbers. Beyond the clues therein afforded to its i conduct or catastrophe, nothing what ever rema i n s ; and it is believed that what the author would himself have most desired is done, in placing before the reader without further note or suggestion the fragment of `The Mystery of Edwin Drood.' 12th August, 1870." The following appears to be the passage referred to : "A brilliant morning shines on the old city. Its anti quities and ruins are surpassingly beautiful, with the lusty ivy gleaming in the sun, and the rich trees waving in the balmy air. Changes of glorious light from moving boughs, songs of birds, scents from gardens, woods, and fields —or, rather, from the o ne ()Teat garden of the whole cultivated island in its yielding time—penetrat e into the cathedral, subdue its earthly odour, and preael! the Resurrection and the Life. The cold stone tombs o f centuries ago grow warm ; and' flecks of brightness dar t into the sternest marble corners of the building, fluttering there like wings." THE INHTRAILLEUSE AT SHOEBURY'NESS' On Tuesday a special train started from Fenchurch street, carrying the Coinmander-in-Chief and the Secre tary of State for War towards Shoeburyness, to witnes. 4 at our school of gunnery a series of experiments of which the main object was to determine the value of that new engine of destruction. The train from London W 35 a fast one, and a drive of five miles landed O r party upon a battery which commanded 3 view of the Shoebury Sands, upon whi ch the tide was advancing at a rate that brooked of little delay in commencing the experiments. It had been determined to give the mitrailleuses a thorough test, and to pit them both against the best field artillery we possess and against our best small arm. Two systems 0 ' mitrailleuses now compete for public favour. The Montigny, declared by Major Fosberry to be the best exponent of the system, and which there is little doub t closely resembles the French weapon; and the Gatling , of American origin, partially adopted in the United States, and largely, according to the in" ventor, in Russia. The Montigny h as b een expert' mented on during the last fortnight ; th e G a tli ng ma y 19e said to have put in its first appearance o n thi s d a y, fort!: old performances were forgotten. After some experiment, with the 12-pounder Armstrong served by stalwar! gunners, whose loose tunics appeared designed more for ornament than use ; and the new Indian muzzle l oa ding rifle gun, the tu rn o f th e G a tli ng m i tra ill euse came reti na This machine looks like an over-grown revolver. It has ten barrels each of one-inch interior diameter ; the weight of the bullet thrown is half a pound, of the powder an ounce and a third, or 525 grains' The cartridge is made of solid b rass , h as a ce ntral fire action, and costs sixpence ; but its exhibitors wer e anxious to point out that each car t r id ge cou ld b e fi re d I°° times, and therefore the hundredth part of sixpenc e should only be debited to each shot. The cartridges fall into slots in the barrels,and are graduallypushed into the firing position by 10 plungers or pistons ; these pistons, by n reverse action, extract the cartridge after firing.. Fiv e pistons are always at work pushing the cartridges int o position ; five in extracting th e emp t y cases. a A rw"' turning a handle supplies through cams the motive pow er for these operations, the cartridges are fired b is . y pins working through th e pi s t ons , muc h after tli" fashion in which a Snider cartridge is ignited. When th e signal to commence was given a man poured cartridges into the Gatling, another turned a handle the barre l. ' began to revolve and to fire b e t ween t wo an d three shot s a second; so continuous was the roll that a man's voice could hardly be heard near the pi ece ; there was no hitc h of any kind in the marking; th e b u ll e t s seemed to keep o ll t admirable line, but the fact of their falling slen r of the target looked as if the majority were te e high. The Gatling stopped at the end of o ne minute forty-eight seconds, having fired 270 bullets. Then the Montigny was brought forward—it can fir e single shots, but it genera ll y emp l o y s volleys ; it has 31 barrels bound up to look like a single gun. 37 cartridges stuck in a plate are put in rear of the barrels, and ar e forced forwards into the ba rre l s b y a b ac k pi ece , which holds 37 locks, to fire eac h b arre l separately. Aside l' handle fires one barrel at a time, or all, within a second e a time, as it is worked slowly or fast. In 2 minutes 4 ° seconds it fired ten volleys, or, allowing for three miss-firesi 367 bullets each. Each buileeweighed 600 grains, prepellel by 115 grains of powder. The car t r id ges were very b a d, an placed the mitrailleuse at a considerable disadvantag e ; Six men of the Fusilier Guards now fired for 2 minutes 4 ° seconds with the Martini-Henry. Thirty-two rounds we e the most got off by a n y one man, an d t h e total was a bout 180. The targets were subsequently brought in for or amination. These had all been fired at over 1,000 yards , and were each 54 feet broad and 9 high. On each targe t were painted the forms of thi r ty i n f an t ry men an d 18 , cavalry, but in causing d ea th, if t wo b u ll ets stru e° one man it counted as two men killed (three only counted for two casualities). The targetj surprised every orie. The practice had looked good as seen from the battery, the execution, 1 04 ' however, in every cas e b a d, excep t i n t h at of t h e ~ pounder muzzle-loading Indiangun, which was moderato; but decidedly not good. The muzzle-loading gu n ban made 44 hits, equivalent to 21 cavalry or 20 infantry abled. The breech-loader Armstrong gun had mau°., hits, or disabled 2 cava l ry an d 3 infantry. The n iitnar lenses had done little damage, the Gatling apparently about Bor 9, a n d th e Montigny the same. Thes e last figures are somewhat uncertain, but there was l' ° doubt as to the trifling nature of the execution effecten• The slight effect prod uce d b e i ng common to the w2141,e, A/ of the weapons employ e d, cannot b e urged spec i . against the mitrailleuse. It was accounted for by 5 0 '' xe of the officers present In this fashio n . M o d ern arms °.`" , very destructive, but require for their action that all the conditions of their employment bewell discharged. In tin s instance the uncertainty whi c h was purposely left in the distance of the targets was the weak point ; an uneer tainty which the small limit of time did not allow th e gunners to remove, and hence the poverty of the results. After some shots from a 12-ton and a 25-ton gun wit h Palliser and other projectiles, and a trial of a new ton brasure devised by Lieutenant English, It E., the mitrod* louse experiments were renewed, this time at target s representing columns of troops at 800 yards' distanc e from the guns and mitrailleuses. In this instanc e the 12-pounder breech-loading gun was fired with pe r ; cussion fuzes which Captain Ellis skilfully bull" in the front rank o f th e enemy, sending hundre d e of fragments through the rear ranks, and cutting up th e targets, so that a s li g ht c h ange had to be made in t he programme. Owing to a failure in its percussion f 112 , 64 ' the muzzle-load er did not d o so well, but still it heavy.', punished the targets. The greater portion of the gei l ; tigny bullets bei ng t oo hi g h , went over. Still it score d , hits, or 34 cavalry and 21 infantry placed hors de comb ( ' A small Gatling was tried, in this instance with bullet of less than an ounce weight. The exPer y ments with the Montigny have now been many daY 5 in progress ; and it seems established that, at rang es under 600 yards it is, as at present worked, evil; lent to a dozen riflemen, at longer ranges to eight. Wit the guns the mitrailleuge holds its own up to 800 yards' but has been hitherto completely beaten at 1000. n; badness of the cartridges, and a certain want , a finish.,'., details, makes it probable that the Montigny could easl is ii, be improved at least 50 per cent, in its shooting. `rh o Gatling is, as yet, comparatively untried, but it create d a favourable impression on Tuesday. These weapon: have an uphill game to play against the gill with which the artillerym en are per f ect l y familiar, while they find the mitrailleuses comparatively new to their' nor did the Gatling gain much when on Tuesday its owners took it in hand themselves, for, a lthough they worked it beautifully, regarded as a mer e machine to expend so many car t r i dges, t h ey succee ded in planting but few bullets in the targets. On th e whole, mitrailleuses, as s een i n thi s country, Wee as yet, even at their own c h osen ranges, established Oi superiority over guns o r sma ll arms. O n t h e other they have shewn no decided inferiority in the contest' and it is much more likely that they will be improve" than the established arms ; nay, it may be said they hall proved that under certain favourable circumstances tf i ; stories related of these machi nes mow i ng downw companies are by no means improbable, LIGHT WlNES. — Although the consumption of ligh t wines has trebled i n E ng l an d s i nce the reduction of rate of duty, they have not at present taken the positi°'' as bevereges of d a il y an d general consumption that 0:.! may confidently an ti c i pate f or them in the course of the next few year s . Th a t th ere h as not been a more raPl t increase is due in some measure to the high prices of tba particular descripti on o f li g ht w i nes, v i z., those from the district of the M e d oc , w hi c h more t h an any other is su ited , to the taste and, requirements of this country; Look' at the many millions of ga ll ons of claret product t annually in the districts around Bordeaux, it will be admitted that past prices ha ve been somewhat fi°`*" . tious. Thus, although the vintage of 1866 was t i a 4 abundant and similar in quality to those of 1864 an 1865, the prices of that year were higher than were eve r before known in the Medoc. Fortunately, however, t l3B year 1869 has als o p ro d uce d an a b undant and equally ; vintage, and this , has caused a great ch ange; th e prises for most growth s h av i ng b een l es s than half that of 186°' and the rem a i n i ng w i nes o f t h e 1868 v i ntage in Bordean,: have been sold at prices little in excess of 1869. Thu" while the ordinary growths of the Medoc h av e been secured at prices admitting of their being sold as cheal 3l ,,f, as the ordinary wi nes o f l ess f avoure d districts, the choicest gro w th s o f th e var i ous c h ateaux need no l on ger ~ be regarded as l uxur i es b e yo n d our reac h . The re ports from Bordeaux mention con s id era bl e purc hases having been made by the firms of Gilbey, Crus e c i Clossman, Schroder, Southard, Wustemburg, 313 0 ,3 we may presume that a large porti on o f th ese are i n t e nd for the English market. The f ac t th a t goo d w h o l e soni° claret, which, when diluted with wa t er, f orms a b eve raf e „ equally as cheap as beer, and far more refreshing, can '' s obtained, through the medium o f suc h agenc i es as GilbeYa and other houses, of the grocers in almost every town ant village, is a great boon, and will no doubt bring abou what medical men and other authorities so much des viz., a large consumption i n thi s coun t ry o f light ° 0 natural wines. As far as pri ce i s concerne d there is 11 1 . 47 reason why claret should no t b e consumed here as fref'v e as in Paris. the charges for d u ty an d conveyance being about the same to London as to the French capital. Morning Post. THE EUROPEAN WAR A SECOND EDITION of THE SUN is Published Every Morning at EIGHT O'CLOCK, with SOME HOURS' LATER NEWS than any other paper. This edition will always contain the LATEST NEWS of the WAR, and of all other events.