The Sun. — London, England, 1841-04-12 00:00:00

ITiO —Since the extraordia sti en sued. Ni t ' take the vet! )f all 40c 1 gnat 1 ac! ions 5ca1c...;46 fTh c ,-; ENING EDITION LITERATURE. FLY FISHERS BOOK. _ , Ackermann, London, 1841. itin7t7oint.hstanding Dr. Johnson's well-known of angling, that it is " a stick and a o i he .g „ with a worm at one end and a fool at the sores have of the most e min e ntmen of modern fo :t liave been anglers, and remarkable, too, hutheireot going gnsiastic attachment to the sport. so far back as the days of old 14Walton, and his witty son-in-law, Cotton, e ack ll 2 aY . mention the philosophic Paley, v!zte, author of the " Man of Feel- Oi l " • 4 0 L :V . 0 ter Scott, Sir Humphrey Davy, James whi o S ta g e Professor Wilson, and several others, of whom do not at present occur to us, d lor Zebedee were as zealous " fishers," as even 114 trasapa ry e himself. We cannot say that we ex . . 2 j ere , ko il ni sY e mpathise with their enthusiasm for this p ro • To us, angling seems to be about as un las g 4 'oce raisin°. a rth ,b ai nO re ii , bell e pursuit as a rational being can . fie wit ngage in; for what can be more dull— ouAY."' ,e at more d - „ t .,.,1 7 41 0 its' }tou rs b 91orable, than to sit or stand for h reSPeet4oo9, Or raj _ Y a river's side, exposed to heat, cold, 0 1* wat tarn, watching an artificial fly floating upon the i be g Chi 0714 A b i g m the hope that some time or other, „ ss g4 o , , , fish may jump up and swallow the bait? P tio n s ol o oci o thiuriere can be no process of thought going on T. abl e this tedious period, to beguile its intoler r e 9 ' Ol e the line,ofjei ta = e xclusively The angler must have his atten )asa„getwo „ fixed on his fly, or he will lose af—Y chance of success. If he venture to cast a o " ` r aY • 41 , gl ance at the landscape about him, to look „, at ht emerald shifting clouds overhead, or admire the at thete, emerald green of the grass in the mea abOve-11,,i,(10 "a where he may happen to be located, he of the d ' b :!,,a ettt e content to sacrifice to his love of the ,f resqu e every hope of cc a glorious nibble,” ,n of w t b be ,114 - 11 t g h l e iti: is a fine thing to read about, especially of b ovio, o o e loquent pages of Professor Wilson; but to*, !A t li ° to the novice who, seduced by such in eloquence, hurries away to the water's lot a Pflfll, fir '4.118 d sad, - of ',with his " stick and string," expecting to rte , eal se all the pleasures which a poetic fancyhas beard'. Co • ha d 0100 di s lared up! Ten to one he will be bitterly Ewaptio,co 11 ,1 10 inted; catch nothing but a cold ; get l° ! t a di 11 , but a gnat-bite ;be gored, perhaps, ..eati-r°, 05 1 1 . 1 1 tn t r os nAignant bull in his transit through an tit I: f oc i , a p ri :neadow ;be taken up for poaching in L. Pkt e g t a w 40 ge e, his d a ,,,,e stream; and, not improbably, finish i o ulf - 1, , hol e iv Senjo 3:men tin the stocks or the black vie.- d a l ) s ,Thinking thus disparagingly of the art of now: 11 '41 0 o we took up the volume before us, sea - 00 # 4 ,3. re nce. tilscusses it at length, with great indiffe 7iirtY. Qs) le" .lief or but had not hurried through many pages, L wl. 41110 te lkF e we found that it was really well worth in tbOY seek in g — not so much for the practical know arried lffol i t iss i e. that it brings to the subject, as for )out 01;14' -41erolljelY, picturesque descriptions, and nu b a br at ,, ' s characteristic anecdotes. The author, o f kia l 1 0 2 clear, is an angler of the most zea ,r, a gent 1 ) 1 1 ; order, and resents, as little short of A few ' th e Phenrly, any ridicule that may be cast upon R?: in on si r o art. He seems to think it the noblest and „ no to ,o o l r o : fascinating . of all rural sports ; and lays • " pe o s N t h his directions for pursuing it skilfully, a nos . r PI 0 1 lit all the grave earnestness of a Solon. at str ees2 ror o Zoologist could detail the " habits of de park cY h e with more minuteness and precision. a j , _ls never weary of chaunting the praises • ha ° lotwi t ee l! al ealmon ; eulogizes a trout with zeal her in the b id l• discrimination ;is considerate towards 3Ure d f o grt eCb r ItOrd ei l lth and can n even say a good okinCfbe ri sen :Tr pike, notwithstandin Asiats astonishing who re" lolance to an attorney ! • t b e akiiinianner, we subjoin his account of a trial of 'itr e k: oby pe .ti a nd and strength between a Welsh fisherman sc ii(l o .o 0 ,. a salmon, which occurred in one of the vag fo e , p_atain rivers of North Wales t— i.;s.well as I can remember, it was • about five years tier th at just round the first point of the land on this side ite dbl l to O w jer, Tom was fishing one afternoon, and his reel le; 1 0 4 , lt w ,."g loose, owing to the dryness of the string by which iti n `: . . l ?utiod to the rod (for he was poor and needy), he r ot 11 0 4 - ", u It, rod and all, into the water, to increase its ten imt o t l o hi t 'I moisture; and during the operation, a little below to , h canie up at his fly a monster of a salmon A complete ite rb?, t che ';,an ! and to his (not the salmon's) great joy, Tom p ~ar ed ahs b oo k fast in him. Away flew the fish, out whir soV ,i %. the line, and offstarted Torn after them. Both fought uesperation; one for life and liberty, the other for 417 . 0 Nizftrid glory. Long, too, they wrestled. At last, " Sir sin needed breath, and turned to sulking—such " Tom had never before, in all his experience, met sulk r oo 114, ' 0 t t , The fi s h l a y, no t lik e a mere log, but a rock I and to 0., lt hh a length of time, that Torn really feared the fish ofenne, leaving his hook fast in a stump at the bottom P e o f A t j titer, until a a li g ht moion told him " all was right." tr o e he pulled and tugged with all the force his tackle 41 tei n bear ; and at la s t, off started old silver-sides again. t 46 .4 was the battle renewed, sometimes in water, some -0.1 tines was in air ; sometimes he took to the profundity ; 116 Iti„ . 10 was awakened from his awful slumber, and off he , o , ttEn again ; then was he " bitted" under the very tip 1 147 , t0d ; and at last Tom " wore" him round the point, tp re !yoo small boat. The shades of evening were then / 40 . d 71ng their hazy mantles over the valley. Eighteen th e of line then w hi zze d o ut, and were " paid" back. A e. , i gaff was br oug ht out an d screwe d together ; f our t een st w turn were wanted, but were lent grudgingly ; an , 0 1 e n _ , . or two—and the f i sh floated on h i s huge s i des [ um Wound him back—wound him back to within a tee yard of the gaff! Oh I what an awful moment. 1 monster gave ono languid struggle—and then the line n !_ng loose to the rod ; the book bad slipped its bold, 'ing to the immense pressure ; and Tom sunk exhausted 4114 spiritless on the ground ! Thus teminated a struggle tw kte o hours and forty minuses ! and the fish Tom esti rt IEI at about 451bs. I his depth (through) appeared about eeu inches , and his length about four feet ;* but he never seen its like before or since. hilst end sii)ek, l 7o st, w h ile rAbrio is same ifirl rd by 9 and its ' ,od e t , 4C ja eaa of gout " pare,rf - ied pcioPl' o t bo se t efoNd e r. ken Bs ' be iev olls • ne• Since this anecdote was related to me, I have, by calcula ),:t"Pon a general scale, proved that such would be about the ' l B l 4 of the fish here alluded to. LP 0.21 ENGLISH MINERAL SPRINGS. Whittaker, London, 1841. tio lher e is much serviceable, practical informa v: Packed up in a small compass in this little 16s' , 4111 e which treats cleverly and concisely 01 I e different mineral springs in England, of their t olliar prop er ti es , th e c i rcums t ances un der l eh they should be taken, and the regimen , t b tha t should be adopted while taking them. The Tyter on bathing, howe v er, i s th e b es t, f or it vo,:le most in detail, and the subject is one in tit the majority of readers are greatly inte- , est erd3 Y 1( ° le or ior , r I °l" A V ° . found'e bed .0 j,llO tooth v'e'rfec! , most P od wet g rpa jo of re , n j'etnd k,ar u e r o ost is St b itb chic 7dreo' Qfc er; ho d b e w aSb' cb, fit gear- cg fry..'sok* to cce irde r /l ow, ter ore ° "' 4dte' BRITISH MISCELLANY. A h Song the contributors to this Miscellany we er Mr. Leigh Hunt—always welcome as a I. t 'e and an essayist—who exhibits to great ad . i o ,,, li tage in a graceful little article on the tempt clas, subject " Epithalamiums and Wedding- offs." If not a very profound, Mr. Hunt is S Al `% a very subtle thinker, especially on matters d h g'ested by the sensibilities, of which the sub ,"ed truthful passage is an instance in point. %Or stern, abstract, hard-headed reasoners will, lyi - b suspect, be somewhat perplexed by it, but it th" touch a chord in the breasts of all who have i ,,! Slightest glimmering of fancy in their na tv,e The first marriage ceremony at which ever attended, was during our child , ; and we remember being astonished at our ti o -t iag into a corner apart, and p our i ng ou t 0(1 8 of tears. it was an evidence of that re- A I. Kable intuition which resides in the feelings, ti Which e ve ry b o dy mus t h ave o b serve d i n ah ei nselves who have thought about the matter— at knowledge, as it were, without knowledge, pf i ntellectual perception without consciousness h i, the critical reasons for feeling as we do, th'g before we can give any account of ail in. All uncritical people have it at 0 T times more or less, at all times life. Infants have it when they reci tbtkate practical jests and arch looks, before tw e r, Y can speak. It is nature's reasoning; and '"Y to one, if it could speak, would beat 11°1- 1 - I , l v that of the critics, considering how diverted 0 1 , 1 1 pure reason they are apt to be by a hull ed so 1- •t . irrelevancies." The only re p its ica th e"( that disturbs the sentiment, and weakens • 14 °rce of this passage, is where the author al . 14es to his childish astonishment at his grief. t.Q44l,vas not astonished, as a boy, at hi s appa io`lY causeless tears ; h e wept, without know age y,' or caring vvhy ; reasoning, at such an o ll e and under such circumstances, was wholly °t . the question ; it i s as a man an d a meta thPician that he is astonished ; and it is this cei v has set him on the task of inquiry. De tc'd by memory, Mr. H un t h as ev id ent l y - con nse a his past, with his present feelings. !)1 • ,ours with the Old Poets" is a critical notice ) ,a- t itnund Bolton, a pastoral poet, who flourished 11 , 1 1 e age of Elizabeth. The criticism is neat N..i t ist7 " British Orators" discusses the cha • 4Zr of Lord Chatham, but it tells us nothing, % it s ‘, v e did not know before. " Agnes Hamil- Ls a passable story by Mr. H emm i ng W e bb . Lo iv .4 ' CI ON AND EDINBURGH MAGAZINE, qd s . this Magazine is not more than eight wee k s '4)4. 4, is som ew h a t p rem ature to g i ve a d ec i ded tl~ e 'un about it; we may state, however, that beibre us is a very far one, eon iii(lorfinter alia, an amusing descriptio n o f on a Wet Day." 'pelt; c o rr!' i o co Cd P ut ; ~teat \.4I‘II•ACKIVOOD'S LADY'S MAGAZINE. irt hav e several articles here, grave and gay, t ttat e t(is e as w e ll a s i n verse, h app il y su i te d to the_c q t i et ' 3 , of fair readers, who, we suppose, are t 4 q(t su PPorters of the Magazine. There is also h \thi,h4,r landscape sketch Of a scene in Germany, is well enoTaved by Saunders. _ 6 A r — ''s 800 K OF MAR TY R S.—P4RT I r. 0c)i) Publication of a work full of horrors, wh i c h I less at igue the reader by their intolerable sail-w -its 4 Th e ; work was once highly popular, but t hat tic S Past. We do not anticipate, therefore, kt iel , is republication of it will be attended with 4 slecess POLYTECHNIC JOURNAL This periodical is among the best of the kin published, for it gives us copious and precise formation respecting all the most recent improve ments in science and mechanics, and explain: their peculiar character with such clearness ano simplicity that he who runs may read. Tht most interesting communication in the presem Number, is one on " the application of the Da guerreotype to the taking of likenesses from th( the Life"—an extraordinary discovery which, it seems, is hardly two years old, and has pro duced a great sensation in all the principal cider of Europe. CANADIAN SCENERY. - PART XIII. This Part contains not less than four engrav ings, representing some of the most picturesque scenes in our Canadian colonies, together with prose descriptions from the pen of Mr. Willis, which seldom or never rise above common-place. The embellishments, however, will be very likely to sell the work, for the majority are executed in a superior style of art. ENGLISH JOURNAL. A cheap, weekly Miscellany, got up with skill and judgment, and furnishing its readers, from time to time, with short, entertaining papers from the pens of some of the most popular periodical writers of the day. The best article in this Part is a traveller's adventure, entitled the " Gover nor's Soiree," which is the production of Mr. St. John. HISTORY OF NAPOLEON. With this Part,—the Twenty-seventh,—Mr. Moir Bussey closes his Life of Napoleon, which deserves the extensive circulation it has met with, inasmuch as it maintains throughout a tone of rigid impartiality, and is remarkably accurate in its details. The illustrative wood cuts, which are numerous, are very spirited and characteristic. BRITISH MUSEUM AND NA- TIONAL GALLERY. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sir,—The spirited and liberal feeling with which you have advocated the right of the poor to have access to the national property, induces me to trouble you with this, and should you deem it worth a notice in your Journal, it may possibly lead some one more qualified than my self to strive to abolish the unjust treatment which I and others have experienced. Being desirous of affording my children a►, opportunity (if possible) of seeing the British Museum, I went there during the last Christmas holidays, but was told by the porter at the en trance-gate in Great Russell-street, that I could not be admitted with my two children, one a boy, and his sister. My wife, with an infant in her arms; was in the court-yard, waiting in case of a refusal to admit my daughter, being the youngest ; she would take charge of her whilst I entered with my son. On presenting myself at the hall, I was peremptorily told by the at tendants, of whom one was a police (beardless) officer, that I could not enter (to view the people's property). I demanded to know the reason, and was told it was in consequence of the children not being admissible. I further re quested to know why ? The reply was they had not acquired sufficient age. I then requested to know what limit was specified for the age for en tering? and was told eight. I then said that my son was of the required age,* but was told in a peculiar haughty sneer by the man in blue regimentals, that my son did not appear so, and therefore could not be admitted. During this brief period my wife was peremptorily ordered to quit the outer court (by the gate porter) be cause her infant, then at the breast, became uneasy and cried. She was told to quit, as such a dis turbance would not .be allowed. I have been thus minute in order to contrast it with the re ception I experienced at the National Gallery, to which I straightway directed my way, and at which, after a fatiguing journey for my little ones, we arrived: I had the most agreeable access; not the slightest objection or even notice being made. Why this difference should be created and permitted to exist, appears to me in explicable, but I entertain an opinion that it cannot be too soon abolished. As far as the ex clusion is acted on, I shall feel gratified if this narrative should prevent others being vexatiously disappointed like myself. I have had an opportunity of visiting many public institutions in Paris with children equally young in years, but never witnessed officious insult spontaneously given, so as to induce a feeling of disgust, as I experienced at the British Museum. I am, Sir, your constant reader, ONE OF THE DISAPPOINTED. April 8, 1841. * I offered to certify my son's age on oath. COURT CIRCULAR. WINDSOR, SUNDAY.—The Queen and Prince Albert the Duchess of Kent, and the Royal Suite, attended Divine Service this morning in the private Chapel within the Palace. The Prayers were read by the Rev. Dr. Short, Clerk of the Closet in Waiting, and the Com munion Service by the Hon. and Very Rev. the Dean of her Majesty's Chapel Royal of St. George ; after wards her Majes,ty and Prince Albert, and the Duchess of Kest, received the Sacrament, which was adminis tered by the Dean. This afternoon the Queen and Prince Albert, and part of the Royal Suite, walked for some time on the new Pleasure Ground and Slopes, and returned to the Castle about a quarter past six o'clock. The Duchess of Kent attended Divine Service - in the Parish Church this afternoon. Lady Anna Maria Dawson was in waiting on her Royal Highness. The Marquis of Headfort and Lady A. M. Dawson attended the Service in St. George's Chapel this evening. The Hon. and Very Rev. the Dean, and the Rev. Dr. Short, will have the honour of joining the Royal dinner party at the Castle this evening. Yesterday her Majesty and Prince Albert walked out into the Slopes and Home Park for some time. The Duchess of Kent also took walking exercise, at. tended by Lady A. M. Dawson. The Princess Royal was driven out in a close car. riage, with her usual attendants. His Royal Highness Prince Albert rode out, attended by the gentlemen of the Household. His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge left. Cambridge House yesterday morning for Kew. His Royal Highness returned to town in the evening. The Duke of Cambridge paid a visit to the Duche's of Gloucester on Saturday, at Gloucester House. His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge, at tended by Colonel Jones, did Mr. Hayter the honour to sit again on Saturday for the picture of her Nlajesty's marriage. Viscount Melbourne left his residence, Brockril Hal!, Herts, on Saturday, for the seat of the Earl Cowper, Paushanger, near Hertford, Herts. Viscount Palmerston left town on Saturday evening for Paushanger, Huts, the seat of Earl Cowper. The Lord Chancellor will receive the Judges, Queen's Counsel, &c., as usual on Thursday next, the first day of Easter Term, at his residence in Bruton street. The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council gat on Saturday, and continued the hearing of " Wood and others v. Goodlake and others," from the Prerogative Court. The Address of the Solicitor-General occupied the Court during the whole of the day. SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. NEWMARKET CRAVEN MEETING. NEWMARKET, SUNDAY MORNING.—From the appear ance of the list and the number of horses in preparation a good average meeting may he expected. Having already published the appointments i. is only necessary now to give the names of the horses in training here and in the pro vinces," which have engagements in the course of the week : Eringo fby Langar, out of Sister to Portrait ; cby Langar, out of Miniature; fby Sultan, out of Trampo line ; Escort ; Decision ; Benedetta ; Bettina ; Ibrahim f by Langur, out of Emigrant's dam ; Menalippe, out of Per seus ; Garry Owen ; Nicholas; Abydos ; Wahab ; c by Mundig, out of Thebes; f by Glaucus, out of Tragedy ; Palmyra f by Sultan, out of Trampoline; ch c Nick; c. by Taurus, out of Oak Apple; Snowdrop, .iEolian b c by Tarrare, out of Memima; c by Taurus, out of Perfume ; Gobernouche ; The Witch of Whorley Hill ; Portentia ; f by The Pantaloon, out of The Souvenir; Mehemet Ali; f byTbe Reveller, out of Green Mantle ; Joujou ; Minx ; St. Colomb ; Mosque; Emotion ; The Qui en of Beauty ; Escort ; Sequidilla ; b f by Muley Moloch out of Sileertail ; Metternich ; Hawk's-eye ; Arun del ; b c by Plenipotentiary out of Myrrha ; Ruthless ; c by Gler,cce out of Tragedy ; Perdita ; Myrtle ; Assassin ; Scutari; Avnurath; Gibraltar; Muley Ishmael; c by Mu latto out of Melody; e by Taurus out of Mona; c Doctur Dilworth ; the Cornet. /-, d'i'e have ornittA Cameleon, who has not been out lately, and some others vi Lich, we base ascertained, will not show. Benedetta, Epirus, Black Beck, The Witch of Whorley-hill, Mehemet Ali, Barbakin, Barbara, Revel, Potentia, Mountain Sylph, Acacia colt 2 yrs, Queen of Beauty, All-Fours, f out of Emigrant's dam, Estcort, Brother to Phoenix 2 yrs, are among the recent arrivals. Lord G. Bentinek's Gobemouche, and Mr. Wreford's Wahab, arrived this morning, per van. Mr. Westbrook's Decision is expected in the course of the day. It seems probable that there will be five or six races, even if Eringo should walk over for the Riddlesvvorth, which is not at all unlikely. ARRIVALS.—Duke of Rutland, Duke of Portland, Earl of Chesterfield, Earl Jersey, Earl and Countess of Albe marle, Lord G. Bentinck, Mr. and Mrs. Wilson, Hon. Captain Rous, Hon. Colonel Anson, Hon. G. and Lad) Agnes Byng, Mr. Sloane Stanley, Mr. Irby, Mr. Gre. ville, &c. The Duke and Duchess of Cleveland will be at Hare Park, on a visit to Mr. and Mrs. Portman, during the races. The weathttr is fine, and the ground in excellent circler. CHARTIST INTERRUPTION Al PUBLIC MEETINGS. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sir—ln The Sun of Tuesday the 6th inst. appeared a letter from " An Anglo-Saxon," wherein after referring to the advice given by some " faint-hearted \Vhig jour nals," which recommended the League to incur no inore mortifying defeats from the Chartists by holding public meetings, the writer proceeds to say (without leach apparent gratitude for the above-mentioned ad ice, has recently proved so beneficial at the Crown and Anchor Meeting), " I always prefer stand ng by my own rights to leaving them in the keeping of Chartists, Whigs, or any other party," to which sen tence I say Amen, and that is the reason why I have fared to assert my rights, which are contained in the People's Charter (and nothing less). Your Correspondent may possibly be in possession of Jibe considers himself entitled to, with the exception of the supposed benefits to be derived by a repeal of the Corn-laws ;if so, he may be excused the inconsis tency of pursuing an object which, if obtained, may put him in full possession of what he may consider his rights, although it would not place the working classes in the same position, who are not in possession of those rights which a repeal of the Corn-laws would not give. Your Correspondent further states it to be a question, whether " public meetings upon important subjects can be held legally, peaceably, and with effect ?" and an swers the question in the affirmative. And Ido the same. And dare assert that in nine cases out of ten, where anything occurs to interrupt the peace of a ineeting, it is caused by the parties conducting the same acting contrary to the sense of such meeting. The next part of the letter which attracts my atten tion in 1 articular is where reference is made to " the machinery existing in every municipal borough, calcu lated and expressly designed for the decorous holding of public meetings." Now, Sir, it requires no conjecturing to ascertain what is meant by the machinery above mentioned, for the writer says the Mayor has " the entire police force in his hands and the military power also, and what are these for except to protect us in the peaceable enjoy ment of our rights;" Ah, there he lets the cat out of the bag at once, and what is meant by " to protect us in the peaceable enjoyment of our rights," means nothing less than the exercise of the physical powers of the machinery to enable the middle classes to hold public meetings (query, could the writer not substitute some other name than public, more suitable to his designs?), to the exclusion of the working classes, or such of them as dare to differ with them in opinion. And this ma chinery is intended to suppress public opinion, by the writer's showing ; fur it is difficult to read the last quoted words, without placing a marked emphasis on the words " us" and " our," where he asks what are these for (the police and the military), but to protect us in the peaceable enjoyment of our rights?" Tnc work ing classes have long been aware of that—Peterloo, to wit—where an attempt was made to suppress the expression of public opinion vi et armia. But I fear I shall trespass on your time, by follow ing the writer through his trely aristocratical letter ; suffice it to call public attention to its perusal. Yet I cannot conclude without re ferring to the following example. Tee -writer says, " Let us suppose the meeting were called to consider the propriety of petitioning Parliament for the total and immediate repeal of the Corn and Provision-laws, and that a person moved a resolution in favour of the Charter." Welt, suppose they did, what then ? Why, in comes the police and turns them out (" and all who back them"), if they are able ; if not, the military must do the job, according to the writer's statement of their intended utility ; and this is what we pay so many millions for. Now, let u suppose that an amendment to the following effect were propose:l on a resolution in favour of a repeal of the Corn-laws :—" That this meeting is of opinion that the repeal of the Corn laws would not confer on the industrious classes of this country those benefits which have been so long with. held from them, in consequence of the interwoven system of taxation, and the concomitant evils thereof. And this meeting is further of opinion that it would be a waste of time to petition the Commons' House of Parliament, as at present constituted, for that purpose ; acrd that the only way of obtaining a repeal of those bad laws, which have been concocted and matured by a class legislation, is to cause the People's Charter to be come the law of the land." Now, Sir, is there anything irrelevant in such an amendment as this ? And why should the Mayor presiding, or any other chairman, re fuse to put it to the meeting ? Your Correspondent, with his " Police and Army," could not justify such a proceeding. A few words about " a certain Irish gentleman, now in York Castle," and I have done. There is, lam sorry to say, a certain Irish gentleman now in York Castle. Taut pis—but that gentleman, though much esteemed and confided in, could not lead the people for ward like a bull at a gate, but only so long and so far as he followed the chart drawn up for his guidance. I am, Si;, your obedient servant, J. RAINSLEY. Lambeth, April 8, 1841. RAILWAY TRAVELLING. TO THE EDITOR OF TEE SUN. Slaf-Knowing that your invaluable columns are always open to expose anything in the shape of imposi tion, I am induced to lay the following before you, trust ing, for the good of the public, you will insert it :—On Sunday week I was unexpectedly sent. for to Kingston on-Thames ; consequently I went down to the South ampton Railway at Nine Elms, arrived there about twenty-five minutes to eleven, and found the train just started, I then inquired, and found there was no train mail five in the afternoon (with the exception of the goods train at twelve); as it was of importance for me t., be at my journey's end as soon as possible, I made up my mina to go with that. I repaired to the office to book my place. I put down Is. 6d., the regular fare. " Oh, sir," replied the Clerk, "by this train it is 2s. 6d." " Why so," I asked. " I don't know how it is, but the fare is 2s. 6d." Now this contains open trucks for passen prs, not at all sheltered from the rain,—besides, being close to the engine it smothers you by the filth, and is altogether a miserable conveyance, and yet 2s. 6d. is to be dragged from your pocket, and what I complain of is that nothing of the sort is stated in the list of fares ; in tact, to Kingston, it is not stated at all ; if the Company intend to have that fare why not name it in the printed list as the other fares are ? I have travelled by all the lines, and the Southampton is the worst conducted line of all. I sincerely hope you will insert this, as it will put the public on their guard, I remain your obedient servant, London, April 4, 1841. FAIR PLAY. THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY, APRIL 12. 1841. ONIVERSIT Y INTELLIGENCE. The Rev. J. B. Owen, M A., of St. John's College, in this University, the talented and exemplary incumbent of St. Mary's, Bilston, is appointed afternoon lecturer at the Collegiate Church, Wolverhimpton. The Rev. H. D. Fussell, M. A., of Sidney Sussex Col lege, in this University, has been presented to the stipen .liary curacy of Fifield Bavant, Wits. The Rev. Frederick Teed, M A., of this University, has been presented by the Lord Chancellor to the rectory of St. Michael's Lewes, vacant by the resignation of the Rev. Dr. Procwr. Value, 1161. We understand that Mr. Teed is uncle to Mrs. Hollow, wife of the Radical M.P., for Hastings, and brother to Mr. Teed, of Stan more Hall, Whig candidate for Wallingford. Ot the two students elected on the 26th ult. to Dr. Bell's Scholarships, Mr. T. Field was educated at Oak. ham School ; and Mr. H. hoary, at King Edward's Foundation, in Birmingham. CHINA NEWS. BOMBAY, MARCO I.—My last letters informed you of the resignation of Admiral Elliot, arid the continuation cf negotiations down to the 18th of December. It was men tioned then that operations were expected to be corn• menced before the end of the year. The hope proved too sanguine. Those who looked for decision where Captain Elliot had to determine foredoomed themselves to disappointment. About the 25th December, as the enemy would not be induced to violate the blockade, the ingenious device appeared to have occurred to our Plenr potentiary, that he had better do sometsing in this way himself, and so a couple of American ships, which went up at the commencement of the blockade, and loaded th e m se l ve s whilst it was impending, were permitted to pass out with cargoes, in defiance of all the usages of war. By the 6th January Chinese impudence and pro. crastination had outrun even Captain Elliot's patience, and on the 7th Sir Gordon Bremer was permitted to take matters in hand. Some insigsificant fort, strongly manned however, about a mile and a half lower down the river:than the principal castles themselves, were attacked and battered, while a powerful force, taking them on the land ward side, from a point whence they were completely can nonaded, committed fearful havoc, haring slain from 500 to 700 of the enemy. About the same time the junks lying in the river were burnt, blown up, or taken, by the Ne mesis steamer, whose performances in shallow water, and terrific rocket practice, made her seem to the Chinese the very incarnation of the evil one. On the following day (Bth January) her Majesty's ship Blenheim, and the steamers Queen and Nemesis, took up a position off the great Bogue fort, and the two latter vessels commenced throwing shells. The enemy, panic struck at the very appearance of our vessels, particularly at the infernal Ne mesis, who seemed as if she could go anywhere, 2nd do any rhisg with impunity, set off scampering the morne;:t We b panto fire, and in all likelihood, with hilt an hour's steady bombardment, our men might have marched round by the r. , ar of the forts, where they were per f ect l y un protected, and marched into those strongholds without meeting a single Chinese opponent. Before this was attempted however, a change of measures was in view ; the cal governor entreated a cessation of hostilities, as well he might, till Kcshen should be consulted as to what was next to be done; a chop was sent off by some old women in a ranhe-boat, and the signal of recal was immediately hoisted on board the Commodore ! We had done all the mischief, and perpetrated all the slaughter that was neces sary, and stopped short when the price of et!l our labours was within our gasp. The Chinese authorities cared nothing for the loss of 500 of their countrymen. A glo sing despatch to the Emperor will get over all that. Whereas the only thing that could not be got over, which Iwas really calculated to inspire awe, could not be concealed. The capture of the impregnable Bogue fort, for which all our labour hhd been thus expended in vain, was re glected at the moment when it was fully within the power of attainment. From the Bth to the 20. b, negotiations continued to be carried on betwixt the British and Chinese Plenipotentiaries, when Captain Elliot issued the seesaw circular, which we hope will long remain a document unique in the annals of British diplomacy, announcing that the preliminary arrangements were con cluded. The substance of the Treaty is, that we shall cede Chusan, and all the other places we have occupied on the Chinese coast; that in lieu thereof we shall receive the small island of Hong-kong, in the Canton river, and be paid an indemnity cf 6,00 u 000 of dollars (about 11 million sterling) between this and the year 1846 ; that we shall trade with China on a footing of equal+ty, and forget and forgive all that is past. The value of British property seized by the Chinese sinc.e May, 1839, is about double the whole amount of the indemnity demanded; and ii,as has been currently reported,only a very small part of the opium seized was actually burned, the remainder being kept in case of what might happen, they, the Chinese, have made a first rate bargain—they may, possibly, have cleared in bright Sycee some million sterling by the transaction I Whilst John Bull will find himself greatly out of pocket, and his flee: and army stripped of some thousand men, and baf fled in every thing they have attempted to achieve, though matters may be placed on a footing considerably worse than they ever were before. All this is on the supposition that perfect good faith is observed on the part of the Chinese But what do we next find ?—after accepting terms so fa vourable for China, so disgraceful for England, Captain Elliot takes good care that the fulfilment of these shall be lel. entirely to the chivalrous hocour of the Chinese them selves. Long before the Union Jack can be hoisted over Hong-kong, it is ordered to be sti ipped from the flag-staff of Chumpee and Ty-kok-tow as quick as lightning When as yet not one single atom of the Treaty could have been com pleted, a frigate is sent off to order the instant evacuation of Ci:usan ! The expedition, in fact, is now understood to be collecting in all haste to quit the shores of China, without as:.ring a single guarantee for the fulfilment of the Treaty, or remaining in a position to chastise perfidy, sti mulate reluctance, or compel the honest fulfilment of what nas been promised. Would we have dreamed of treating the most high, candle:, and chivalrous nation in the world, within reach of our arms, with the confidence which we have manifested towards toe most mean, cruel, and per fidious, at the distance of mm P than hat! the earth's cir cumference removed from us? The intelligence here given, the details of which will be found amOngst the ex tracts from the Indian newspapers, has seen received with one universal shout of loud, unmeasured , And um, 'leviable indignation. GERMANY. FRANKFORT, APRILS. - It cannot sufficiently be lamented that Austria should deem it necessary to follow with such anxiety every step taken by the Governments of the Swiss Cantons. its utmost efforts cannot successfully combat the necessary advances which the social institutions of the confederation, in common with the rest of Europe, must make, and it would consequently show more tact if it did not betray the feeling that every advance, especially every approach to Protestantism, formed an accession of strength to the French and democratic party. In the present in stance I am induced to attribute the principal share of the diplomatic activity which has been shown to the personal feeling of the Ambassador. fits second note, which was not delivcref in writing, but, as is reported, was teed to the President, has at length appeared in print, and, while it displays no small degree of irritation, contains little more than a gratuitous assumption that the decree for dis solving the convents lays the foundation for a dissolution of the confederacy itself. The Austrian Court is desirous of plating the part of champion of the Romish confession. There is surely no want of a field for the display of these chivalrous senti ments. Poland is being forcibly converted to the Greek creed, not with the will of its inhabitants, but by the most glaring and atrocious acts of oppression, which it is a sin not to proclaim more loudly than has hitherto been done. Russia is a more worthy antagonist than the poor Swiss cantons ; and it would be more creditable for an Austrian Minister to receive instructions to defend the cause of the really oppressed against a powerful tyrant, than to find himself leagued with the envoy of that tyrant in defending rights which no longer exist against the au tonomic acts of a free and enlightened people. The Prussian Provincial Diets arc actively pursuing their task. The Diet of Prussia has published a reply to an urgent petition for constitutional forms ; in which it states that the Royal propositions, presented so soon after the promises given by the King to improve the representa tion of the nation, afford a sufficient guarantee that it is the wish of the Sovereign to confer the boon of free re presentation upon his country. In this province it has been resolved, that it is desirable in the case of a reduc tion of the taxation, that it should take the form of a re duction in the salt duty. BERLIN, MARCIE 31.—We have to-day read with in tense interest the details of the debates in the meeting of the States of the Grand Dukedom of Posen upon the proposition to form a General Assembly out of the sepa rate bodies of the States. The result, it is true, has been a negative one, but still a great part of the ground was more of a constitutional than an anti-constitutional nature. One principal motive was unquestionably the line of sepa ration which Poland strives to preserve from the German elements of the State. In that lies a powerful lesson in favour of a Constitution for Prussia. What do the Poles fear? The being too thoroughly amalgamated by means of one common legal system with the whole mass to be able to sever themselves from it. And thus " the law is that strong tie they fear to meet." Now, the adversaries of the Constitution have constantly put forward the opi. nion that it was impossible for Prussia in its scattered state from the Moselle to the Niemen, and considering the differ ent nature of the separate countries combined in it, ever to support a Constitution, and that it could only be go verned by a unity of will. I have always maintained pre cisely the contrary opinion. Absolute will may certainly be maintained in quiet times with apparently more surety and decision, as the governing principle of a collection of countries and people of such different kinds. But in stor mier times it will very quickly oppear that the unpliable ness of the several parts increases, when an attempt is made to bind them by the rough bond of one single ;will ; on the contrary, it would give way to the great and all-em bracing representative system, which would guarantee all separate interests. The greatest example of the truth of this may be found in the still much more heterogeneous states of North America. If instead of their constitu tion a Russian Emperor were to be giseti them, it would be very easy to break up and sunder the disjecla membra. Russia is a kingdom thus subsisting out of disjecta numbs-a; but then these members are dead among themselves. Should they come to life, they would need to have one soul, or a hundred different bodies. Be that as it may, the spark has been struck—the light begins to shine. Let morning once dawn upon us, and the slower the sun has dissipated 'the mist, the morn bright and lasting will be the day. HAMBURG BORSENHALLE, APRIL 8. Bills. Money Austrian 5 per Cents. B a nk Shares 163006 Anylo-Russian Loan 107% 0734 Russian 5 per Cent. tat series, Certificate Inscription, Ist Selies lOl% Russian 5 per Cent. Hope and Co. 3d and 4th Series 97 96% Ditto in Certificates New 4 per Cent. (1840) 87% b 7 Dutch ..ctual Debt, 2s, pc. Cent 5O 49% Ditto 5 per Cent — 145 Polish Bond* New : icket Anglo. Danish Lotus, 3 per Cent 75 74% N •i wegian Loan, 1 83 4, 4 per CroZ... — Spanish, New 5 per Cents. l6 EXCHANGES ON LONDON. s l' i. k o T e k K a n s o a L u m a p I‘ R I i A L R 2 C . I_I 30s `L. — e il; t W y. o fi m , e on d t a h y s, ~ 3 1 9 1 % . 4 p 4 e . n c e CEIRISTIANIA, MARCH 31.--Three months, 4 64. BREMEN, MARCH 30 —Two months, 16 Ja FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAT. (From the Morning Chronicle.) The Morning Post has been praiseworthily labouring to fill the world with abhorrence of the desire to purchase cheaply. In the new code of commercial ethics cheapen ing is to be proscribed. People are to go into markets, not for the purpose of discovering what is cheapest, but what is dearest. If two men have the same commodity of equal goodness, the one who asks the highest price de selves a preference. But we will allow our fashionable Contemporary to speak for himself:— " The principle of buying wherever you can in the world cheapest, and of taking nothing into account but cheapness, we contend to be the meanest, harrenest, and worst descrip tion of national policy that can be conceived. It is very well for the interest of the least estimable class in the community, namely, the greedy class, who make a god of capital' er mo ney ; but every man who wishes well to the nation as a whole, and who feels for the people, ought to regard with abhorrence this desire of cheapness, which is but another' name and form of 6 grinding the faces of the poor.' The I,rinciples against which our Contemporary now thunders, have so far corrupted society, that sellers are afraid of purchasers who z;r: indifferent to price. They even suspect that he who does not care hew much he pro mises to pay will not care to perform his promise. Mon who go into a market with ready money are uniformly found desirous of purchasing cheaply. They are tainted with the abhorred desire of cheapness. But to descend from the sublimities of our Contemporary to humbler matters—it seems the advantage of selling dearly is to be confined to one class, the landlords, who, on the other hand, are to be allowed to purchase the produce of manufactur ing industry in the cheapest market in the world : " What certain trading capitalists appear to want," he says, " is that they may take all the advantage which wealth gives in every part of the world, and at the same time have the na tional advantages which are peculiar to England. This cupi dity is not to be borne. If they possess the advantages of Bri tish localities, British materials, British energy, and along with these the capital, which is of equal power everywhere, they must be content to bear with the one disadvantage which be longs to England, namely, a redundancy of population which must be supported, and habits of living on the part of that po pulation which are more expensive than in other parts of the earth. The desire to drive British cultivators out of em ployment because the corn they produce is somewhat dearer than that which foreign cultivators produce, is a base and sor did desire, which it would he suicidal madness of the Legisla ture to gratify." Undoubtedly the manufacturers cannot have the land ' lords' commodities at a cheap rate because the agricultural produce of the British Islands is inadequate to the supply of the population ; and, as we must import net merely corn, but butter, cheese, hams, eggs, &c., and on all these commodities heavy duties are imposed, th,' price to the British consumer must always exceed that Of the people who export, by the freights and charges, and duties. But the manufacturer must sell at a ctreap rate to the agriculturist. He is an exporter, and therefore protecting duties would avail him nothing. The pu k e he rec eives in the foreign market determines the price at home. If a. manufacturer could sell at his own price at home, he would trot incur the trouble and risk of exportation. It will not do for him to allege that he hOs costly habits cf living, and therefore he cannot afford tta sell under a certain price. He must sell for what he can get, and if his habits of liv ing arc beyond his receipts, he must go into the Gazette. The public, however, understand the question. It is a question entirely of power. The landlords have a prepon derating influence in the Legislature, and they use that influence to indulge in costly habits of living at the expense of other people. The brigand, when he has a traveller in his power, does not stop to colevince him that it is proper he should be pillaged. The landlords do not themselves believe in the justice of their cause ; but it is convenient for them to have the money of ether people. It is entirely a stand-and-deliver affair. " Buying in the cheapest market," observes a Contemporary (the Examiner), " and sellin g in the dearest, is an economi cal truth acquiring solidity and form, because almost all the most distinguished of our landowners and legislators have long laboured to prove its truth and efficacy in that branch of trade in which they era engaged. " The manufacturers say, naturally, if you maintain it as a practical truth for yourselves, that selling in the dearest mar ket and buying in the cheapest is the best for you, why compel us to buy in the dearest market and sell in the cheapest? Allow us to try your own maxim. We have always more cloth to sell than you want to buy. You have never corn enough to sell to supply our wants. You therefore buy from us at competition prices, and you compel us to buy of you at the price of monopoly." But though injustice may prevail for some time longer, et it cm only prevail from the supineness of the people. Symptoms of impatience on the part of the masees begin to be manifested. The people will only suffer up to a cer. tain point. When once the determination to get rid of the evil becomes general, the landlords mu,t give way. There can be no efficient resistance to an united people. The Morning Post of this day, alluding to the question of the Hanoverian Static Duties, says :—" On the vast trade of England the amount of the Stade duties is a trifle so insignificant as to be no more felt than a fly on the chariot wheel of her triumphant commerce. Its dis cussion froth first to last was a malignant, and as it has turned out, a defeated and profitless attempt to insult and to injure his Majesty of Hanover. It has been demon strated to be in all its main features utterly untenable, and the pending adjustment of its minor details will have precisely the opposite effect from that anticipated by its movers—it will give greater permanence and a clearer title in the Crown of Hanover to the ancient right which it has vainly attempted to defeat. England has no longer any material interest involved in this ques tion ; and if Hamburgh, or any minor community, may still fret under the discharge of an obligation to which it is liable, not as an exception, but in common with the rest of Europe, it must make its complaints to and its terms directly with the Government of Hanover itself, and not by disingenuous representations to the people, or in direct insinuations against the Royal Family of England." The Morning Herald observes, in a leading article sug gested by Mr. Evrarea motion on the subject of a public prosecutor :—" Congenial with the legislation of Mr. Fox Maule for improving' the administration of justice, is Mr. Ewart's motion for a Select Committee, with a view to recommending the appointment of a public prosecutor. Do the public know how much of innovation upon the estab lished principles of the administrative system of British justice such an appointment would involve? It would ne cessarily lead to the abolition of grand juries and prelimi nary investigations before Magistrates. We have already a public prosecutor in the Queen's Attorney-General. But he cannot, except in certain cases of misdemeanour, put subjects of the Crown upon trial without the interven tion of a grand jury. The public prosecutor which Mr. Ewart and his party wish to have appointed, is one, we presume, who is to determine whether accused parties shall be put on their trial or not, without the intervention of a grand jury, or even a coroner's inquest, which now, by means of its finding,' or inquisition,' can put Vie law in motion against any person charged with homicidal crime, such finding' or inquisition' operating like a bill of indictment." The Times thus refers to the late visitation at York, and the inquiry into the Ex-Dean's conduct:—" Had not this visitation been held, the traffic in spiritual preferments and other notorious and habitual malpractices of the ex- Dean of York would have been continued, to the mani fest scandal of the Church and injury of religion. Had any less sentence than that of deprivation been pronounced the purity of the Church itself must have been compro mised, by suffering an individual convicted of habitual simony (the worst kind of fraud), and who had even affected to glory in his shame, to disgrace her high placer, to occupy her pulpits, to officiate at her altars, and once more to dispense the patronage of the noblest of her cathedrals. Nor is simony the only ground upon which the removal of such a man from such a situation would have been necessary. It is easy to imagine acts of contu macy, which, although they might legally justify, would not morally require so severe a penalty as deprivation. But a temper and deportment so violent, so flippant, so in decent, as that lately exhibited by the misguided person who is the subject of our remarks, amounts in itself to a moral disqualification for any high spiritual function." BRIGHTON, APRIL 10.—The town has been filling very fast by visitors who have come down to spend the Easter holidays, and the coaches have been reaping a harvest, in all probability their last, as it is fully expected the railroad will be completed by Whitsuntide, and the laying down of the permanent rails is proceeding rapidly. The following are amongst the distinguished visitors spending the recess here ; —Earl and Countess of Ken mare, the Marquis and Marchioness of Bristol and Lady Seymour, Lady Louisa Whitmore, the Marchioness of Queensberry, Lord Sondes, and Sir George and Lady Rose, Mr. Raikes Currie, &c. The weather is delightful at present. The gossip of the day is particu:arly directed to a delicate affair which is alleged to have taken place in the most fashionable square in this town. Report states that the very accomplished wife of one of the leaders of fashion has been so captivated by the uniform of the Eleventh" that she has abandoned her family of three young children to " follow the drum." The point of de parture is not far from that of another occurrence of the same kind last year, which caused a great sensation at the time. The Earl of Westmorland has taken the mansion on the Marine-parade for many years occupied by the late Earl of Chatham. LONGEVITY IN RUSSIA EXPLAINED.—A statistical economist, who knows nothing. of the internal arrangement of the province, must he sadly puzzled to problem is, however, easily solved, ac count for the extraordinary tenacity and vigour of the vital powers, the healthful influence of the climate, and the as po , of the civ i ie authorities . to increase the tonishing greatnets of the average duration of human life i w n he ß n e t s h s e ara c b on ia t . riva T a h ce e numbers within their municipal jurisdiction is understood. A refugee appears and prays to be enrolled as a Mesne chanin--that is, a citizen of the town. He 13 at first told, That is not a matter of course, friend : you have no past port, too ; but wait a while, gad we will see what can be done for you." The refugee waits until one of the civic co mmunity dies, and t hen he is summoned to appear again before the Red Ta ble, in the Magisterial office. Now the b G u r s i i t n s e b s o s v. proceedsjo\ythhants What is your name?" " Ivan Twenty-five." young man, a ttend to what I am going to say—Mitroto bpheana Kalenko died yesterday, aged fifty ; if you wish citizen, you must take u p on y ourself his name and his age; then we will allow yoo, to be substituted for him, and will give you his certificate and other documents." Ivan Gritshov joyfully consents, and becomes all at once a re spectable citizen of a very respectable age. The de parted Mitrophan still lives under this metamorphosis on the civic register, and, probably, after two or three other renewals of his existen ce, dies at the p atriarchal age of 150. We need, there fore, no lon g er marvel at the fre . c i t,azt accounts of deaths in Russia of p ersons exceeding 100 year . : ‘!. age.—Germen paper. While we TARIFF AL:Li CORN LAWS. Import Duties ardently desii e a reductLT ,ef some of tke h e benefit for the benefit of the consumer, als,tlef others to: t demand of the revenue—and wh ile we he;_ic.'ve the 'hat for such revision may be a suitable adjunct t, . of Corn-law Repeal, we must join with The Sun and tlie Circular, in cautioning re p eat ers against bring diverted Ne from their grand object. Many articles comprised in the tariff comes more or less under the denomination of luxu ries, and are therefore fair subjects of taxation, which corn is not. We see, too, very plainly, that every at tempt will he made by Nlinisterialists and " moderates" to cajole the Corn-law Repealers. We entreat them, therefore, to be on 'their guard, and to swerve not a hair's breadth from their noble course, —.Leicestershire Mercury, MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS. FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF TIIIS DAY: - - HERALD.—The great.!r easiness of money which im mediately precedes and accompanies the payment of divi dends has the natural effect, in the absence of counteract ing circumstances, of improving the value of funded as of other securities. There are, however, many reasons why no great advance can be anticipated for some time to come in the prices of stocks, of which the gravest may perhaps consist in the very heavy demands which, sooner or later, are likely to be made upon the money market to supply the vastly increased wants of the two Exchequers of France and England. It will vainly be endeavoured to carry on the national business, and carry over large yearly deficiencies of income as com pared with expenditure, much longer without recourse to actual loans. Nothing can be more hazardous to public credit in case of any untoward aspect of public or of com mercial affairs, than the existence of an unwieldy floating debt in the shape of Treasury or Roy al bonds in the one country, and Exchequer Bills in the other. With re spect to the British Treasury in particular, it is now only that the disastrous and discreditable consequences arc beginning to be discoverable of that enormous blunder of the Penny Post quackery. The most easy and least burdensome tax of all others upon the community has been abandoned, and the amount vainly sought to he replaced by supplementa r y im p osts bearing upon all classes. The rich and e as y have been relieved, and, a, in the new Poor-law, at the expense of further oppression of the poor. Such has been altogether the course of re form legislation in t he free trade and politico-economic I line , whether fiscally, commercially, or politically. Th e penny-post to be sure is to " improve the morals "of th e people, for which salutary end one million of annual reve nue, payable solely by those best able to afford the tax, has been sacrificed. TIMES.—The publication this morning of the perio dical return by the Bank of France, presenting the exact situation of that establishment for the last three months, has been much noticed by the men of business in the City, who feel how much may be done towards the reform of uur own most defective and ill-managed bank, in placing constantly before them the example of the operation of a system so superior in all respects. This superiority is alike shown in the form of the return, and in the charac ter of the business transacted by the Bank of France. Of what the securities of the Bank of England may con sist is left on the face of their periodical return wholly a matter of conjecture, and the English public would never have possessed any information in the matter, had it not been wrested from them by Parliament, during the various imperfect inquisitions which have taken place their affairs. From these the fact is disclosed that into 4er part of their securities are such as no prudent the greb. , o possess, that their means are monopolized Bank ought . .i g h t " mortgages on land, in the taking by the " dead w , ~o ntrived to spoil the market of the of which they have -wail their own power of gibing private capitalist, and to t.. ^r time, and in the proper proper assistance, at the prop,: lerests of the country. manner, to the great commercial ), 4 of the Bank cf L But the 4fect of the puiodiral retitr SPI RIT of the P UBLIC JO URNALS. ! England is far greater in the comparison with those of the Bank of France, when it is considered that they wholly conceal the extent of their connexion with the mercantile interest. It would be something to know what portion of their assets consists of bills of exchange, but eecn this is withheld, as if the study of the Bank was not merely to furnish the least information possible, but to furnish no in formation at all. la the instance of the Bank of France all is clear, ex plicit, and most satisfactory. The bulk of their means consists of bullion and bills of exchange, the former ac tually exceeding the amount of their note circulation ; and Ili it public securities are, without doubt, as easy and sure ( f realization as a good bill of exchange at maturity. Not the trace of a " deadx&ght," or of a mortgag To make these observations more intelligible, and to save the trouble of reference, the return of the Bank of France is here re printed : Francs. Amount of bullion on hand Commercial bills discounted Cash advanced on the security of bullion Cash advanced on public securities Capital of Branch Banks Branch banks, debtor Amount of reserve according to the law of 1834 10,000,00(4 00 Amount vested in public securities Hotel and furniture of the Bank Sundries 457,746 73 CONTRA. 478,958,557 04 Bank-notes in circulation not comprising branch banks Notes payable to order Treasury account current 90,950,412 96 Sundry accounts current Receipts payable at sight Capital of the Bank Reserve according to the law of 1834 Fixed reserve Unclaimed dividends Draughts of branch banks outstanding Sundry accounts 478,958,557 .04 AVERAGE OF THE POSITION OF THE BANK DURING THE LAST QUARTER. Average amount of bullion on hand 230,182,500 00 Average amount of bills discounted ..... Average amount of advances made on the se . curily of bullion Average amount of the advances upon public 7,026,000,00 securities Average amount of the accounts current of the branch banks 8,783,800 00 CONTRA. Average amount of bank-notes in circulation 227,137,500 00 Average amount of notes payable to order 1,355,500 00 Average amount of the Treasury account current Average of sundry accounts current 55,044,500 00 Receipts at sight 5,326,000 00 The trading interest of this country are indeed deeply indebted to the French Government for the model thus pre;ented of a straightforward account, and a judicious administration of a public bank ; and if the repetition of it does not shame our incompetent Ministry—incom petent generally, but utterly so on this subject—into a reform of the Bank of England at the first occasion which gives them also the power of doing so, then the case is utterly and permanently hopeless. Independently of mete management, other cir cumstances connected with the Bank of England have, as it would appear from various letters re ceived on the subject, struck foreign merchants with astonishment. They have seen for years past the selection for a share in the management so badly as well as corruptly or partially made, that one member of the board of direction after an other has either failed or passed through the Gazette as a bankrupt. In the last instance of the kind—that of Mr. Curtis, who had been Deputy-Governor and Governor of the Bank in succession—they have observed that a great loss was sustained in a direct way by his failure, with other losses, perhaps, through friends of his introduction, though the fact must have been known to the leadi©g member, of the moneyed interest that he was insolvent during the whole period in which he occupied a seat in the Bank direction. He was, besides, a Director in va rious other Companies, which duties, if properly per formed, would have left him no time for the onerous duties of the Board in Threadneedle-street. The pre sent Governor of the Bank, Sir John Pelly, is Governor of the Hudson's Bay Company and Deputy-Master of the Trinity-house, besides other scarcely less important claims on his time. Thus the whole is rendered utterly bad an vicious, and can never acquire that essential quality for a chartered bank, a perfect claim to public confidence. Such is the apathy of Parliament on this subject, that the merchants seem to be left to the silent operation of the comparison with the management of the Bank of France, from which, however, as these returns will now t-ike place periodically, they are ❑ot unwilling to hope that some ultimate good may arise. MEDICAL REFORM AT CAM- BRIDGE. (From the Cambridge Advertiser.) A very laudable and, we rejoice to say, a successful effort has been made during the past week, to raise the character of the Medical Degrees given by this Uni versity Tw.sday week, a paper, of which the following is a COcy, was circulated throughout the University : " Christ's College Lodge, March 30, 1841. " Proposed regulations respecting candidates for a license ad practicandtun in Medicina, and also re specting candidates for the Degree of Doctor of Physic. "1. That candidates for a license ad practicandnos in .14eclicina, being previously Bachelors of Physic, be required to produce to the Regius Professor of Physic, certificates of their having attended on hospital prac tice for three years, exclusive of the nine terms which they kept by residence for the degree of Bachelor of Physic, and of their having attended lectures on the following subjects, namely—Practice of Physic and Patholy ; Anatomy and Physiology ; Chemistry ; Bo tany ; Medical Jurisprudence ; Materia Medica and Pharmacy ; Principles of Surgery ; Principles of Mid• wifery ; Practical Anatomy for two seasons. "2. That candidates for a license ad practicandunz in Medicina, being previously Masters of Arts, be re quired t ) bring satisfactory evidence to the lUgius Pro fessor of Physic of their having been employed in the study of physic for five years after they became Bache lors of Arts ; and to produce to him certificates of their having attended on hospital practice for three of the said fire years, and of their having attended lectures on the subjects before mentioned. " 3. That every candidate for a license ad practican dun: in Alledicina be required to pass an examination to the satisfaction of the Regius Professor of Physic, the Professor of Anatomy, the Downing Professor ot Me dicine, and a Doctor of Physic to be nominated by the Vice-Chancellor and approved by the Senate at the first congregation after the tenth of October in each year. " 4. That, in case any of the three Examiners ex officio be prevented by illness or absence from taking part in such examination, it be competent to him to ap point a Doctor of Physic to examine in his stead, sub ject to the approbation of the Vice-Chancellor. "5. That there be two such examinations in every year ; one in the week immediately preceding that in which the division of the Michaelmas Term falls ; the other in the week immediately preceding that in which the division of the Easter Term falls. " 6. That the candidate for a license ad praetican dion in Medicina, being previously Bachelor of Physic, shall not be examined for the said license until the exa mination which shall occur next but one alter his having, passed the examination required for the Degree of Ba chelor of Physic. " 7. That every candidate for the degree of Doctor of Physic, who has not previously obtained a licence ad practicanduni in Medicina, be required to produ,:e to the Regius Professor of Physic the same certificates and pass the same examination as are required in the case of candidates for a license ad practicandum iii Medicina. " 8. Provided that the foregoing regulations shall not take effect until after the end of the Easter Term, 1841 ; provided also that the seventh regulation shall not apply to any person who was admitted ad intrandunz in Medicina before the Lent Term, 1836. " Notice is hereby given, that there will be a Con gregation on Thursday next, the Ist of April, when a Grace will be offered to the Senate to sanction the pre ceding regulations and provisions. Whereas by a Grace of the Senate, passed June 1, 1821, Bachelors of Arts, proceeding to the degree of Bachelor of Physic, are required to attend the lectures of the Regius Professor of Physic in the interval be tween their admission ad respondendum quccstioni and their admission to the degree in physic. " Notice is hereby given, that at the Congregation announced for Thursday next, the Ist of April, a Grace will be offered to the Senate to allow the attendance on the said lectures to take place at any time during the period of academical residence prior to the degree of Bachelor of Physic." On Wednesday, the subjoined circular was sent to the resident members of the Senate The attention of members of the Senate is requested to a Grace which is to be proposed to the Senate to morrow, for confirming a list of regulations respecting the license to practise in medicine. " It is intended to offer opposition to this Grace, principally on the gronnds : " That the Senate require longer time for considering any proposition of important character. That at the very end of a term the opinion of the Senate cannot be fairly pronounced upon any measure, especially when such measure is not proposed as the re sult of deliberation on the part of a Syndicate appointed by the Senate. " If any further time were allowed, a few of the details, which seem objectionable, might be removed ; and the scheme so amended might be accepted as a valuable improvement. " Caius College, March 31." This circular, we believe we may state, did not pro ceed from a member of the medical faculty. I t was promptly replied to by Doctor Haviland, th e li e ,j us Professor of Physic, in the following p a p er " A paper was placed in my hands on my leaving the schools this afternoon, of which I had previously re ceived no intimation, announcing an intention of op posing certain regulations which are to be brought for . ward to-morrow, respecting the license to practice in medicine, and i which it i s we ll k nown I h ave b een in ' strumental n.submitting to the Senate, " As no reason has been eiskned in this paper for opposing the regulations, on the ground of their being of themselves in any way objectionable, I trust that the members of the Senate will, in forming their opinion, not allow themselves to be influenced by the mere authority of an anonymous and unavowed publication. But an explanation is due from me to the Senate in consequence of a ch arge o f di srespect i n not b r i ng i ng t h ese regula tions forward till late in the term. " I earnestly desired and endeavoured to submit the matter earlier in the term to the Senate, but was pre vented from doing so by a circumstance over which I had no control, and for which no person is at all to be blamed. " I think it to be most essential that no time should be lost at present, as I have reason to believe that a third Medical Reform Bill is about to be brought into the House of Commons, by which the interest of the University, as far as regards medical degrees, will be greatly affected, to which we shall be in a better posi tion for offering an effectual opposition, should the pro posed regulations pass the Senate. The charge of a want of due deliberation is not deserved, inasmuch as the substance of the proposed regulations was first submitted to the resident Doctors of Physic for their consideration, and was approved of by them in the early part of the term, and then it was laid before the Vice-Chancellor and Heads of Houses for their appro bation ; and lastly, the proposals in their present form were submitted to the members of the medical faculty, by whom they were fully and unanimously approved. " I do not therefore feel disposed to withdraw, nor should I in my own opinion be justified in so doing, a proposal for a beneficial and important measure, which has received the approbation, after a long and careful consideration, of those most conversant with the matter. 254,849 53 " JOHN HAVILAND, 3,753,228 34 " March 31st, 4 P,lsr." At the Congregation, on Thursday, a division took place in the Non-Regent House, on the regulations. They were, however, carried by 13 to 9. In the Re gent House, there was a division en the Grace respect ing the attendance on the lectures of the Regius Pro fessor. The Grace passed, however, by 18 against 9. PHENOMENA OF UNANNEALED GLASS. (From the Liverpool Mercury.) We have long been accustomed to regard the phenomena which precede and attend the fracture of unannealed glass, as some of the most remarkable and inexplicable of all the manifold secrets of na ture, Many other phenomena, although curious, might hare been predicated after mature reflection, as they are in strict accordance with the known laws of nature ; but we think we may confidently assert, that no man, how skilled soever he might be in chemistry or any other department of natural philosophy, could have p►edicted the effect pro duced upon unannealed glass by the most appa rently insignificant and inadequate cause. If any philosopher or chemist, for instance, had been asked what would be the consequence of dropping a few grains of light sand into a goblet of glass not pro perly annealed, he would never have guessed that the effect would be to shiver the tumbler into atoms. As it is possible that some of our readers may not understand what is precisely meant by unannealed glass, it may be proper here briefly to explain the term : When glass, from the melting-pot, is fashioned into tumblers, bottles, &c., it is gradually cooled by being removed successively from a higher to a lower temperature, which process is termed anneal ing. When this gradual process is neglected, the inost extraordinary results are found to take place. What are called Prince Rupert's drops are an ex cellent and familiar illustration of the anomalous phenomena under consideration. They are formed simply by droppin2 a little melted glass into cold water, when it suddenly collapses into a small pear shaped drop, with a slender thread-like tail or ex tremity. if the thick end of the drop be held in the hand, and the small end be broken off, the whole of the glass will fly into shivers, imparting to the hand a smart shock, similar to that from an electri cal jar. What is equally singular is, that it the Rupert's drops, instead of bring broken in the manner described, be thrown down forcibly upon flags, they will recoil by their elasticity, but they will not be broken, how violently soever they be brought into contact with the flags. Nfe have now to notice another of the numerous phenomena exhibited by unannealed glass, which is not so generally known as that of the Rupert's drops, but which is equally inexplicable. It was communicated to us several months ago, by the Correspondent whose note we here subjoin, with a few comments appended to it : TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL MERCURY. " SIR—I know you are curious is matters of science, and that you occasionally give insertion to questions calculated to interest your readers, or excite their inge nuity. The question of the bursting of the Rupert's drops, and the unannealed wine glass, I have, in my eye, which you answered some time ago. Allow me, then, to detail a curious accident which happened under my owa hands, with a glass tube, and which has occurred to several others, to whom I have mentioned it. Some short time ago I procured a glass tube for the pur. pose of constructing a barometer. After cleaning it well with an iron wire, tipped with wash leather, I placed it upon a table, and was astonished to find, in a quarter of an hour, the tube broken into several pieces. On mentioning it to a friend he immediately pronounced it to be caused by the wire, as he had had a similar accident. Not being satisfied that it could be preduued by the wire, I placed another tube with a bit of wire in it, and was surprised to find that, in a short time, the cube broke into several pieces. I cannot account for the phenomena, neither is the fact noticed in any scientific treatises with which lam acquainted. Baro meter-makers seem to be aware of it, and never use wire in cleaning their tubes. Now, Sir, I shall feel much obliged if you, or any of your scientific correspondents will give me an intelligible explanation of the curious fact.—Yours, &c., W. A. S. The phenomenon, which is the subject of our Correspondent's letter, is familiar to the barometer makers, who, in cleaning out the interior of the tubes, take especial care that the iron wire em ployed for the purpose shall not touch the glass, as the contact of the two substances is almost uni formly followed by a fracture of the glass, not im mediately, but after a short interval. This is one of the most extraordinary circumstances of the phenomenon ; as it is difficult, if not impossible, w form any rational explanation of the secret mys terious operation which must be going on in the tube, l tarry There tir:e why o s f to does the b e ‘ an it effect, t e in stantly w between the moment of contact with the wire, and the subsequent .fracture. If, as there is r eason to ‘' ir n e w ith t c i o l e n c! J u l a d s e s , p t r h o e d u m c o e mei t he fa ce?rrhe acontactpa or intelligible cause. It seems tiatio ttkinditsan take place adequate -r o phenomenon is not altogether con fined to glass, but occasionally occurs in cast metal, probably from its sudden cooling, or from not having been Properly atmealed. However that may be, it is a fact that the metal of which the mirrors of reflecting telescopes are constructed, is very apt to fly to pieces by the slightest scratch, just like the barometer tubes, in consequence of their coming in contact with the iron rod used to clean out the inside. n the reectilescope by In our recent editoria l article on the improve ments lately made `ye stated fl that ng , in te consequence Lord Oxmantown, w of the liability of the best metal to fly when even slighly scratched in the operation of polishing, op ticians dared not meddle with -mirrors of large di mensions, on account of the risk, and that the con sequence was the substitution of an inferior metal, which is not liable to become fractured. Th e s the most suitable said to ha ve suc ceeded nobleman whom sori process have ces s . o u r s t working named, the mirrors itseems, i as to i n obviate constructingtliese risks,th them ttincl of metal, and of six feet diameter ; and, it is added, that this is by no means the maximum, as the great obstacle to the construction of much larger teles copes than have hitherto been practicable, appears to have been surmounted ; and we may anticipate, as the consequence astonishing of the in ven tion, the most astronomical discoveries. In conclusi on , we may observe, that the. pheno menon of the b arometer tu b es , no ticed by our Cor respondent, is to be ascribed, no doubt, to their im perfect annealing, and that the remedy for the de fect would be that pointed out by Mr. Pellatt, of London, at a late scientific meeting, from the report of which we transcribe the following passage : Mr. Pellatt recommended bodir4 as a sale and good mode of annealing all kinds of glass ; in the ordi nary method of annealing, thick and thin ware is olteti subjected to the F aille process, and remains in the leer for the same period ; this would account for the supe rior duration of the thin tubes. He attributed the frac ture of the tubes to the tsnsion of the exterior coating, and the vibration caused by the process of cleaning : this effect was so well known that an old tube could scarcely be sold, as it generally broke in cleaning. BRUSSELS, APRIL 10.—Th e Mon tour pub lishes a long list of promotions in the a-my, on the occa sion of the birthday of the Duke of Brabant, who was six years old yesterday. The public buildings were illuminated in the evening. EVEN [NG EDITION.