The Sun. — London, England, 1819-09-01 00:00:00

FOR I . IIE SUN. 7'o JOHN BULL, ESQ. LEVIER VI. HONBST Jonti,—Alter a week's reflection on the truths you and I have investigated, I trust you are 110 W convinced, that whatever you, or yours, may suffer from poverty, still the grada tions from extreme wealth and rank to pauperism anal lowliness proceed, not from a declension in the natural state of mankind, or of the individual, but are, in fact, a progression front the natural poverty of ratan, up to the artificial state in which be is found in the various classes of so- elev. Nor is this to be applied to man alone : it is true also as regards the country itself. England, in her natural state, before the gradual ameliora tion of society brought her to her present im proved condition, was no better than she still un cultivated portions of Epping Forest, Blackheath, or Salisbury Plains. 'Tis to the progressive in crease of wealth that she is indebted for tier pro gressive improvements of enclosure, irrigation, varied crops, improved tillage, commodious rudds, and inland navigation. Look back, JOHNNY, but fifteen centuries, at the naked natives, and the open-heaths, and contrast them with the clean, well-dressed populace, and the well-tilled fields of the present day ! Look back to the untutored savage, h the notoig deer or the wild goat over altitost interminable deserts, and seeking his vegetable foid beneath the spreading branches of the oak or beech, Ana contrast the scene with Leadenhall Market, with the fruit•stalls of Covert( Lialgien, and the National Schools, that spread knowledge and science amoogit the children of the poorest citi zen of the State ! Reflect on these truths, my good friend, 'and you will confess, that the inequality of wealth proceeds, not from the deprivations of some, but from the more rapid accumulations of others, who may be more industrious, more ingenious, or per. baps only more fortunately placed and circutu stsneed than :he many whom they outstrip in the pursuit of a competency. That the wealth of the rich, of the affluent, and even of those who only possess a competence, makes the poverty of the extreme poor more con spicuous, and perhaps even tnore difficult to sub mit to patiently, I will grant you; but still the wealth does not produce the Poverty. If there were no wealth, we should all be poorer than the poorest at present ; fur then, though we should be free from Poor, Laws, remember that we should also have no Poor Funds, and what then would be the fate of the imbecile, of the infirm, of the aged childless widow, of the friendless, of the otplihn But you are told that the evil consists in the present inequality of wealth ! Ah, JOHNNY, whilst you a re smoking your pipe and enjoying your pot . comfortably, after a good pkin dinner, and per haps listening to some wise friend, who is proving bow unhappy you are, only consider, for one moment, how touch of these comforts would re main to you if the present inequality of wealth were to be desTroyed, or even only to be ra duced ; aufl, consider further, how far the mass of society would be benefited by your depriva tions. If this inequality is only to be reduced, and it is worse than fully to complain of it merely for the sake of complaint, where ere we to stop short betore we come to the level of equal distribution ? Who is to be the assessor ? Who is to he the im partial regulator ? Anal who is to assuage the envy of those who get nothing, or who get less than their neighbours ) It then appears, that once admit the principle and we must then pro ceed to equal distribution. But what shall we distribute ? We have seen that the land cannot be divided to any purpose of permanent utility.-- 'hall we we divide the crops .• They sill soon be eaten. At present the hedge-rows, tic gates, paliugs, trees, &c. are all wealth, but would cease to be so if divided. Shall we divide the roads, the canals, the farm-bouses, the home steads, the warehouses, the manufactories, the villas, the cottages, the palaces ? To divide, you must pull them down. Shall we divide the cash ? Of that there is but little. Shall we divide the Bank notes ? They would cease to be of vaine.— Shall we divide. the Bank itself, the Royal Ex change, the Docks, the 'litanies, with its wharfs anti bridges ? At present all these are wealth ; but what would they be if diuided 9 In short, JotiNNY, it it were possible to divide all these things equally, how shall we preserve that equalii y by making them equally productive ? Can we divide the industry, the ingenuity, the, fentet price titat nuw direct thew ? If we cannot, .heu inequality must ensue,. and we have nothing for it but to form a new distribution, or to remain as we are. In short, my old friend, to make wealth pro ductive to the individual, and stimulative, as well as productive, to others, it must be clammed op. A head of water, if kept at en inch in depth, may cover a great extent of lamtkbut will Zse of very little use for mechanical purposes. An eveti current of an inch in depth will never - move a water wheel. But let it rise to 20 inches, and let it fall to a certain depth, and you have a power that will move any weight. So is it with wealth. It must rise to acquire force. By its fall it turns the gt eat water %%heel of self-interest, and puts the whole machinery of Society in motion. Then, in the vast plain of human life, it finds a level, until again dammed up, for similar purposes.— Like the well regulated stream, it becomes useful to all, whilst the casual torrent and the pernicious floodings, and the useless overflow,' are alike avoided. Your's, FOlt THE SUN. IGNOTUS. ON THE PRESET DISORDERS. MR. EDITOR—It is no small point gained when a Physician has discovered the true nature of a pstient's complaint, and the advantage is fully and completely analogous in p:Oitical disorders.— 'You will recollect, I am sure, when you see my signature, that I told you long ago that the fer ment which was working in this Country was the spirit of Democracy. Happily, it has now d e . dared itself, and we know svi!h what we have to contend. It has declarer! itself both in words and deeds. Universal Suffrage is the theory of Re- s publicanism ; and the tumultuous assemblies which have lately agitated the Country are the practice of it. Sir, such assemblies are unconstitutional ; and if the existing Laws Cannot prevent them, new Laws should be made that will remove the evil. As it is, all peaceable and good citizens are liable to he alarmed, and perhaps much worse than alarmed, whenever it pleases certain Dema gogites to call together the distressed, the idle, and the profligate. This, Sir, ought not to happen in any well re gulated State. The peaceable and industrious ought to be protected from the violence of the low no less than from the oppression of-the high. It is consoling, amidst these existing evils, to observe how nos-trd is the contest. On the one band, a few desperate and contemptible Ad• venturers, without influence, without property, without union among themselves, stirring up the ignorant and the unfortunate ; who either know not what they would have, or know that they mould have any man's property which they could find means to seize. These men are joined. by no single person of better origin or education, ex cept literally two or three, who are either so . foolish as to deserve contempt, or so wicked as. to demand detestation. Countenanced indeed they are, in an underhand way, by a few time serving News-writers, who, to displace the Mi nisters who have saved the Country, are perfectly willing to risk the ruin of it. This is all their strength. On the other hand, we see all the property, education, and wisdom 'of the Country ; all that have risen by honest industry. or hope to rise by such means; all the Laws as they exist, and all the Constitutional power appoin - ed to enforce them; all the Heroes who have fought the battles 'of the Country, and who, for their noble exer- . titans, receive now only the execrations of the Democracy; whose victories they basely style massscres. There caanot be a doubt how such . * conflict must terminate. But it is lamentable to see that .eertain desperate men are determined to bring it, if possible, to a conflict, which mus t cause the shedding of useless blood, anti the in terruption, at least, of the public peace. The Demagogues, Sir, tell the People that Universal Suffrage is their birthright. It is no such thing. All who can read know that this Country was never Republican but once, and that then it was miserable.. They tell them that a Reform of Parliament, as they call it, would cure all ills. It could not possibly cure one, and it would cause ten thousand. Sir, this leaven conies, not so much from Jaco bin France, as from America, whence tre'ili impor tations of it continually arrive.—How soon the present evils will cease no man can say ; but this every man of sagacity must see, that whatever mischiefs may wise, to profligate NVriters and profligate Haranguers they must all be ascribed. Your's, OLD SOMERS. Ye6terdav, twelve o'clock. Mr. BRYANT at !ended Mr. liAron GRAHAM and Mr. Justice lioLltOY D. and withdrew the application for the Habeas Corpus. Mr. lIuNT having been previously liberated.—(Morning Paper.) • The Paris Papers of Stintlay last, which were due this morning, have not arrived. New York Papers to the 4th nit. arrived this ukoi rung. (From Tire Commercial Alvertisor, 411 g. 3.) SHIP HORNET ARRIVED. -The United States ship Hornet, Captain REED, which vessel carried out Mr. FORSYTH, the American Minister to Spain, returned to this ,port yesterday from Ca diz. The Hornet left Cadiz on the 2d July, at which time the Treaty adding the Floridas to the United States had not been ratified by the Spa nish Government. Capt. REED has brought Dis patches to the Secretary of State.—lt was the ge neral opinion at Cadiz that Spain would not ratify the Treaty with this Country. A part of the Expedition fitting out in Spain was stated to be for the defence of the Floridas. By the arrival of the ship Diomede, in 65 days from Buenos Ayres, we learn that the Treaty be tween that Government and General ARTIGAS bad not been ratified, and it was believed that the negociation would eventually fail. Markets high, hides scarce, and trade dull; preparations are making for the celebration of the Independence on the 25th May, at which time a New Constitu tion was to be proclaimed. FROM Aux CAYES, JULY 10.-Since the arrival here of General M'Gxsoott, from Port-au-Prince, be made several propositions to his Officers, none of which it was possible for him to , carry into effect. His first proposal was, they should pro ceed to St. Andrews, and wait the arrival of arms and ammunition from England, which was con sidered impracticable. The next was, they should crnize off the Havanna') with the brig, where they would, without doubt, capture to an immense amount, which would enable him to procure every timing for another Expedition ; this was also ob jected to, on the ground that be had but 5 or 6 men on board, without ammunition and small arms. Yesterday a Council of his Officers was held ; the only proposition made was, whe ther they should go to the Isle of La Hoche, op posite to this place, and there wait supplies and men from Europe. This plan was adopted by a small majority. His situation appears to be de sperate, without arms, ammunition, and provi- sions. (From Mc Bostori Paper of July 30.) An arrival at New York has brought late -in telligence from Buenos Ayres. It does not dis tinctly appear whether tire information lately re ceived from Rio Janeiro was correct, that BEI, GRANO was appointed Supreme Director in the place of RONDEAU. The New York Daily Adver tiser, in, reporting the news by the Diomede, says, a new Director was to be chosen May 25. An armistice, concluded April 16, which was to have been ratified May 10, had not been confirmed, and peace-between them was not expected. A New Orleans Paper of the 25th July, men tions a report in circulation, that the schooner Two Friends, bound to St.Thomas's, fell in with a Spanish vessel of war, which engaged her and killed and wounded a number of bar crew anti passengers, among the latter was said to be the celebrated General HUMBERT. The Metropolis, it appears, is to be disturbed again to-morrow by a Meeting of the united gangs of the BUIIDETTITES and the HuNTITEs, and most probably another Meeting of the same kind will collect all the scum of the town upon Kenning- Common. There will, we are assured, be a full preparation on the part of Government to prevent disorder. But we are shocked to find that some men of rank are resolved to join the motley group, and thus give a sanction to Sedit ion 414 Rebellion. lasts HUNT arrived at 111Auckster on Nowt at one o'clock.—Haearsoa,' the Preacinr, pears, has conducted himselfproperly t i confinement in Chestir Gtkutikt—B ta rt Is 5° a O 'the recovered as to be 'expected to -attel) _A" trial of Bauce at the Chester A ssizes ' so RISON'S trial is expected to . take p lace o n co turday. He will be tried for Sediti on ; n jiu re and PEARSON for shooting at BIBCH• There;bc forty-two prisoners for trial at choler• us I d burglaries amount to twenty, which is an unns ly large number. p r iptit We perceive that some of the Morning 10/6 with a timid and reprehensible cantina, thought proper to insert the Letter f r om 141114 b; in our Paper this day, with onsissions. " re ' °l ,,i t e contrary, shall on this, and on all occasions, bfaii the venomous effusions of Democracy in ibtir b lie bulk of falsehood and malignity, that th e at large may be able completely t 0 (610 mate the character of the Writers. fl ut; 4 , 0 1l the impudence to begin, his fallaciou s ' J r by calling his legal removal to Lancasfe.,,, i s ' " dastardly trick," and stiles the mag ors y ' s who committed him " Judicial Murder ers.' hope those Magistrates will make hit" /4. 00 answer for the foul and libellous design: 46 ' w ' fi t then, as might be expected, gives his own °ccis'ed of his removal to Lancaster Jail, of doubt, the a hole is ao impudent misrepreselo;„ It is shocking that Ilse peace of this gr eat pire shoulel be disturbed by this tellow ° nu 0 , gang ; but all depends on the vigour of 6 7 'ef et meta. Oar Rulers must 'put the Lsws 4)1' 1: or the impunity attending 'Liebe Radical Itet°l."l- will lead to more fatal consequences. T he 4 6 t matter of fact, respecting the Procee(l49oo., Manchester, is a full vindication of Ol e c ot s duct of the Magistrates. The Riot Aet read, as it ought to have been, wh en th p ie, was so alarming an assemblage 0 1 and when inflammatory Orators were ate-f;rl ing to raise their passions to a fit '9( t it` that might have produced the most do trdc-t cht consequences. The Morning Chronicle 0 " 4 Times have entered into a rivalry of sne i9t o al reasoning about the time when the Riot A ct a t e read, and the time when Ilona . was take" -ita custody. They are thus confounding O ils !: is their nature different. Hut T was not 1 44 ' 4 iS consequence of the reading of the Riot ifel' b o gi consequence of a warrant founded on deposit'i ior, nor was there any intention of dispersing the pi s ing when the seizure was made. The c r°w i r e e' alarmed at the seizure and the sight of the .0 manry Cavalry, and some of the ol liefeo w ho among them began to attack the Cavalry' ec o then were obliged to act in their ow n de'e (l and hence arose all the misfortunes that `-isieff We consider the Writers in The Morning e tCp C ht° and The Times as more reprehensible tb en ad the Radical Reformers. The latter ar e by sophistry and soured by indigence . / f oo l prefer the chance of deriving adeant°ge dee a Revolution, and, therefore, are O len :: bite to produce one ; but the Proprietors of t" 'e Prints in question possess great prope rt y' id be perry every day increasing, all of whic h vig' ► oar' involved in ruin if the Reformers were t ° ho g t " plish their object. The l'roprietors ° f fo lly' Papers ought as much to be pitied for 'h eir o te' as condemned for their mischievous rnigt‘s4ltt menus of notorious facts. It might b e ij° , that a sense of common d a nger would iptideie to Proprietors, of those Prints, however b° lll tt. o f I , Ministers in general, to join in support - Government and those Laws which slt,/, them in the possession of their. lunPe.r 1170 Can they think that they, are supported b y Pt:rioi opinion in these imprudent attempts t* pit disgrace on those who maintain tb e b uil against a herd of rebellious miscreants,witid only aim is the hope to rise upon tile Ili tits / their country ? If they do, We trus t o pt they will fluid themselves mistaken , a nti 0 , 6 11 e there is. a fund of good sense i n th o ale' of the People which will induce then a 60 spise and reject those Publication s til p i r , sn (1 1 calculated to encourage the Rebel ReN tni i : - o ' o to reduce this happy Country to the conwileola. France during the worst stages of th e ' te et er/ lion, the shock of which is still fel:: bY f o ur other Country, and which has shaken ( b e el dation of all legitimate Government O'er/ of the world. We understand that the ltfiirs uf 8 resile Broker, which excited a s trong sensetion des City last Ft Way, %ye satiifactOidy ail a c ,: ( n! terday with the Gcntlemen of stock 1,--tl;;et.' A duel was to have taken place l •elte rd :t tV I t t ing, on Wimbledon Common, bet‘we e " i —r l ° a medical man, and C,:ptain F—; b ut ',l'4 .eg having been !reeked by the Police the P i' were surprised, and .. 11 , , d from the }Police, dispwe at hazard was the cause. THEATRICAL REGISTER. Performed Last Night. THEATRE ROYAL, HAYMARKET.—Pigeons and Crows : Prin cipal Characters by Mr. Terry and Miss E. Blanchard. After which, Barataria. To which was added, The Mayor of Garra'tt. THEATRE ROYAL, ENGLISH OreaA-1-lonsm.—A Cure for Ro mance : Principal Characters by Mr. Wrench and Miss I. Stevenson. fter which, Belles Without Beaux. To which was added, Ile Tailors. •,, r * For HOME MISSIONARY SoCIETY, and A PITTITE, see the First Page; and for G. on BAPTISM, see the Fourth Page. PRICE 0 STOCKS TRIM nAv AT T 3 per Cent. Red-71/ 72 714 i 3 per Cent. Cons. "i4iiii 3i per Cent RI 4.per Cents ....90P s per Cent. Navy Ann. . tOtii Bank L. Ann..... I9i 3-16ths Imp. 3 per Cent. Ann..... 704_ 'EINE o'cimcv. India Bonds, 15s. I3s. 159. pr. South Sea Stock.... 791 Old Annuities .. 71i Bills,2d, Is. dis. is. pr. Omniun► Cons. for Account,... 71i iiif MAILS. - ARRIVED-4 Vilatvriord, I Lisbon. DUE—I Gottenburgh, 1 Lisbon, I Hamburgb. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE TO•UORROW. Morning, 9 minutes after 12. Evening, 34 minutes after 12. THE SUN. SOLES! QUIS DICERE FAI.3UM AUDEAT ? LONDON, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 1, 1819. 10 4 ,. ri Iv ort , s; ti e L e ;._ Eh; ,1)e, tron, ch air *ails Mee t 4tr s ov ith ia lber i thi tt , I 14, tact ri n , 4 111,4 11,1