The Sun. — London, England, 1841-09-02 00:00:00

EVENING SUN. i OY AL POLYTECHNIC INSTITU TION, REGENT-STREET. t• NEW LECTURES on the !IA GUF.RREOTYPE and PHOTOGRAPHIC PORTRAITS, with Iliuslrations, and a full Explanation of the Chemical Process adopted. On BAIN'S ELECTIIO-MAGNETIC PRINTING TELE GRAPH. On RARWISE and BAIN'S PATENTEE) ELECTRICAL CLOCKS in action. Also other interesting Lectures and Experiments. CARY'S ORRERY, and the ,NEW DISSOLVING VIEWS. Nearly Two Thousand Vorks which display eminent Art, Science, and ingenuity. Microscope, Diver and Diving Bell. CANTON, and other beautiful COSMORAMIC VIEWS, are added to the Evening Exia•ition.—Admission, One Shilling. Open , ' at Half-past Ten o'clock in the Morning, and Seven o'clock in the Evening. TITIAN. -TO he SOLD. Under Peculiar Circumstances, Two Superb PICTURES by the above great Master, which may be seen at the Custom-house, Lon don, from the 2d to the llth instant, inclusive, from Ten till Four o'Clock each day, when, if not sold, they will be re shipped for the Continent. Orders to view the above may be had on application at Messrs. Devoy and Co.'s, Licensed Cus tom-house Agents, 66, Lower Thames-street. GRAVESEND AND BLACKWALL SIENA! BOATS.—The Public are respetfully in formed, that in consequence of an arrangement entered into between the Directors of the Blackwall Railway and the " STAR" GRAVESEND STEAM PACKET COM PANY, one of the Iron Boats will, on and after THURSDAY, the 2d September, leave the Brunswick Pier, 131ackwall, for Gravesend. at a Quarter before Nine in the Morning, and that the VESPER will leave the same Pier for Gravesend at a Quitter past Nine in the Morning. The other Iron Boats will leave at the same hours as heretofore ; and all the Star Beats will call at Bhlckwall on their way up to London 60, Fencburcb-street, Aug. 31, 11141. ONDON and BRIGHTON RAILWAY. , OPEN from LONDON to HAYWARD'S HEATH; from thence per Coach to Brighton. Daily Trains down to Brighton, Morning, past 9, past II ; Afternoon, # past 1, and 5 o'clock. Daily Trains up to London, Morning, 7 and 9 ; Afternoon, Past 12, and 4 past 4 Sunday Trains down to ,Brighton, Alorning, 8; Afternoon, i t past 5. Sunday Trains up to London, Morning, 7 ; Afternoon, pct 5. Fares—First Class. 15s. , Second Class, Hs. ; Children under ten years of age, half-price. The Trains stop at all the intermediate Stations, if required, to set down or take up passengers. As only a limited number of Passengers can be conveyed throughout from London to Brighton, places must be secured by booking them the day previous, at the principal Booking Offices. On the day of departure places can be secured only at the London-bridge Station, in the event of the limited num ber nut being full. A daily down Train, at 9 P.M., for Croy don only, and on Sundays a down Train for Croydon only, at 8, and at 4 past 9 P.M. Fares to Croydon—Firs. Class, 2s. ; Second Class, Is.'6d. By order, THOMAS WOOD, Secretary. Aug. 18, I£.Ml. LONDON and BRIGHTON RAILWAY. --NOTICE.—SUNDAY TRAINS.—The Train from London to Honey and intermediate Stations at 2 r.m., and from Honey to London intermediate Stations at 6i P. al., will discontinue on and after the sth instant. By Order, THOMAS WOOD, Secretary. 10, Angel-court, Sept. 1, 1841. N ATIONAL LOAN FUND SOCIETY FOR GRANTING LIFE ASSURANCES, DEFERRED ANNUITIES, &c. No. 26, CORNHILL. Capital £500,000. Empowered by Act of Parliament. EIRECTORS. T. LAMIE MURRAY, Est., Chairman. J. Ellietson, M.D., F.R.S. I John Rawson, Esq. John Griffith Frith, Esq. Jehn Riddell Stodart, Esq. Hunter Gordon, Esq. Clement Tabor, Esq. George Lungley, Esq. Joseph Thompson, Esq. AUDITORS. Professor Wheatstone, F.R.S. I Professor Graves, A.M. F.R.S, ACT U A RY—W. S. B. Weolhouse, Esq., F. R. A. S SOLICITORS—Messrs. Sweet, Sutton, Ewens, and Omman• ney, 6, Basinghall-street. LIFE ASSURANCE. Besides the perfect ;;;;ity to the policy holder of a large paid up capital, and accumulating funds, the following is one amongst many of the advantages which belong exclusively to the principles of Life Assurance and Deferred Annuities ori ginated by the Society, viz.—Power to borrow ( without de lay, expense, or forfeiture) Two-thirds of all premiums paid upon a Polity of Assurance. The annexed is a short Table, showing the Annual Premium for assuring £lOO on the Whole Life, or for a Term FOR LIFE. A. B. Age. Without With For One For Five Profits. Profits. Year only. Years only . £. s. d. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. 20 1 13 7 1 17 4 017 0 017 6 30244293 0 19 6 1 0 0 40 21$ 11 3 5 3 1 3 0 1 5 0 50 4421 4 13 6 113 0 116 6 60 613 t 7 4 j 3 0 0 39 6 Two-thirds of Profits divided annually amongst the Assured. DEFERRED ANNUITIES DEPARTMENT. • By the plan exclusively developed by this Society, a single Deferred Annuity is made, nct only to answer the same object, but to far exceed in amount the entire benefit of all the ad vantages heretofore only obtained by the middle and industrious Classes through separate investments in Savings' Banks, Be nest Societio., and Loan Banks. 1. ?mail yearly or weekly contribution will secure the most ample return for after life; thns-21. 12s. per annum (Is. a week) at the age of 20, will give the policy holier the fol lowing option, at the age of 65' — Annuity for remainder of life... £47 16 6 Cash Policy, without further contributions, of 466 0 oat death. Other periods of life (of 50, 55, and 60) may be also taken with similar advantages. 2. Two-thirds at any time lent on deposit of policy, being a fund always available during sickness or want of employment. 3. Two-thirds of all payments returned to representatives in case of premature death. N.B. Policies, as collateral money security, for periods of one to five years, effected at lower ra tes than are charged by any other ( - Mee, ( See Tables A. and B. ), with option of con tinuance for Life at the usual rates. F. FERGUSON CAMROUX, Sec. DOUBLEIPATENT PERRYAN FILTER INKSTAND. DERRY and CO. having effected considerable 1- improvement in their FILTER INKSTAND, have now the pleasure to announce that a Second Patent has been gianted to them for such improvement, which they have united with their First Patent, under the title of " DOUBLE PA TENT PERRYAN FILTER INKSTAND." The eulogy bestowed on the Patent Filter Inkstand by the public Journals, and the preference obtained for them over the common Ink stands was almost unprecedented. The present novel and sci entific method of supplying Clear Ink to the Dipping Cup, and returning it into the reservoir, is exceedingly simple, the action being now performed by merely lifting up the lid to obtain a supply, and shutting it down to withdraw it ; in this state it cannot overflow, whatever may be the change of temperature, and it is protected from dust. or other injury in any place or c li m ate. When the inkstand is filled, it is always ready for use, and the writer will have a regular and daily supply of Clear Ink for four or six months. ••••• IWO Al/1.•• PERRYIAN LIMPID INK. This Ink has a flowing property peculiar to itself, and does not corrode Metallic Pens as other Inks.—ln Bottles, 6d., ls., and •2s. each ' Sold by James Perry and C 3., Patentees and Manufacturers, 37, Red Lion-square, London ; also by all Stationers and other Dealers in such articles. I.THE lEGIS OF LIFE. " Hoteiberc paginanostra sapit." "Our page relates to man."—MA ILTIA L. A Non-Mrdical Commentary tri the Indi cretions that cause the loss of Manhood, in which the nsture, symptoms, and baneful effects of Srlf-abuse, Intemperance, Libert nign, &c. arc fully develoi cd ; with Practical Observations on Sexual Debility and Mental Irrita tion, to which .s added a Series of Cases. I,ly GOSS a d CO., Consulting Surgeons, London. " Natura beans " Omnibus esse dedit, si quis cognnverit uti " CLauniaN. Si ce Heaven to all the fund of bliss supplies, " Its frugal application mark. the wise." _?. THE SIPIII I', a Familiar Treatise on Diso•ders arising Gonnorrhcea, Stricture, &c , with a variety of re. marks occurring in a most extensi, e practice, each section explained by ca'es. ItYGEI ANA, a Non-Medical Anali sis of tome Complaint wlnhcitt,‘trael Fetnah 3, as Leucorrhcea, Nervous Irritation, &c linesattendinegred some important admonitions on the peculiar fcbi. snbie et , teril t iv their circumstances , sympathirs, and formation. The ant c .se a n str e the is especially dwelt upon. Interesting and import. " Quo high v enus; Heti! quove col .r decens ?" sr Whither flies Love ?Ah whe re the ' eh a i r; i n b in 4 g , fi l o . m l2 l . " ,at a t i:, , dealthful old age h "The foundation of a flourishing matu ri ty may he early laid ; and it does appear to ust the province of ardiall% and tutors of ex , *nations of the must,' which create disease and 'horten life o . - n er forced by the judiciou s blendin g of such exalt-10r. as are b-stealcett lated to Impress th e memor y , awaken the f, ars, or excite the di sgit , i •f the pupil, could not be otherwise than pn•ductive of a benefici a l change in the habits of t he rising generation .' — toss Works. - TESTIMONIALS. These hooks can be safely recommended, as well for tI the moral truths they contain a , for the ex tensive and successful resul t of the author's experience.—London Morning Journal. The precepts contained in this work are interesting and useful.— Stinburgh Paper. This work (llygeiana), is properly called an analysis of some fema le complaints: it is written in a very peculiar sty le of moral admon i tio n. ...Dublin Morning Journal. The above may be had of Sherwood and Co.. 23. Faterroster-row ; Onwhyn,4 Catherine. treet,Strand; 011ivier,!9, ; Churchill, 16, Princes. tr et, Soho. London; iuthe land, Calton-street, Edin burgh ; Porter, 71, Grafton-street, Dublin, and of all 13ooksellers. — Price bs. each., or sent free by post for 6s. MESSRS. GOSS and CO., are to be consulted as usual, every day, and Patients in the remotest parts of the country can he treated euccessfully en describing minutely the case, and if enclosing a fee of One Guinea for Advice, an immediate a swer will be sent. Medi eines can be forwarded to any part of the world; no difficulty can Occur, as they will be securely packed, and carefully protected from Oservation. GOSS and CO . Consulting Surgeons, No. 7, Straroi. near Waterloo -bridge. 1 Ander Lancaster-place BL AIR'S GOUT and RHEUMATIC PILLS. TO MR. pion . , 9.9, STRAND, LONDoN Dartford. Jan 9, Ic4l , Sir,—l have much pleasure in stating to you that Blair's Gout and Rheumatic Pills have been of the greatest service to me. Between nine and tr n menthe ago I became afflicted with that mo t painful disease Sciatica; the agonising pain which I sufFeied in env legs and thighs for so long a po' lea, haffl.s any description which 1 riot Dos , ibl, give of my then miserable s ate I Could eldnm obtain either rest or sleep I • had the best med,cal advice, nelueing Vat of ti' physicia sin London, without obthiaing any essential relief I went ;o Margate, and had the best media al advice, trying the warm bath there, and at other plates, without obtaining any t enetit. A short time ago t was rec minem.e t to try Blair's Bout and !thematic I- ills; and wa thcieby induced to purchase a box of this valuable medicine of Me ars Hammond and Co , Chemists of this town, and befo e I had taken the quantity therein contained, I was entirely free from pain, and speedily recovered my health My taking at few more Pills, and ha- pity there has been no return of this di tressing malady. Y u are at liberty to publish my ca-e, in the hope thereby that this excellent medicine may be the me ans of relievin g ethers 1 a n, Sir, yours, respectfully, J. B MISMN, Brewer and Maltster, vartford. Kent. P. S.—lf I could possinly speak in stronger terms of your invalu able medi me I should be most happy, for it impos ible for lan tUage to describe the relief I have experienced. The never.failing effects of BLAIR'S GOUT and RHEUMATIC PILLS in curing every de cripion of Gout and Ilh , umatisra, have 'vented to them a c lebrity unequalled hy any medicine of past or Pte , ent times 'I hey no: only give relief in a few hours, v here the Patient has be n driven nearly to madness by the excruciating tortures of thik disease, but restore o perfect hralth in an incon. v?ivably short space of time. They are equally speedy and certain in rettmatism, either chronic or acute,lumbago, sciatica, pains in the act, or face, and indeed for every rheumatic or gouty affection ; in ae,t‘ such has been the rapidity, perfect ease, and complete safety of ,_ medicine, that it has astonished all who have taken it, and there ; 1 i to city, town, or village in the kingdom, but contains many hateful 'evidences of the benign influence of this medicine. in by 'I homes Pront, 9, Strand, Lander; and by his appo - ;!'it by all respectab'e Medicine Venders throughout. the United gdom. i rice •<s. :id pe box. k for BLAIR'S GOUT' and RHEUMATIC PILLS, and °b e...7th° name and address of " hennas Prout, t 29 Strand, Lon e-I;i% linpressed upon the Glzverw4tt Stamp affued to eat box of —ll velluine Medicine. LONDON, THURSDAY, sEPTEMBER 2, 1841. No 15,2 4 PUBLICATIONS PUBLICATIONS. TAXES ON LAND. 1796 the wages of a Sussex labourer wore 12s. per week, with wheat at 89s. per quarter. and in the three follow ing years wages continued at the same rate, although the prices of *heat were 515., 505., and 495. per quarter. In the years 1800 and 1801 wages were 12s. to 13s. 6d., with wheat at 1345. and 1455., and in the following years wages were also 13s. 6d. and 125., with wheat at 675., 575., and 525., being less than half the former price. In the years 1812 and 1813 wages were at 135., with wheat at 141 s. and 1195., and in the three following This day, Part 1, price ss. (to be completed in Ten Monthly Parts, with Wood Engravings of the best Agricultural Implements), of THE FARMER'S ENCYCLOPIEDIA, and DICTIONARY of RURAL. AFFAIRS. By CUTHIIERT W. JOHNSON, Esq. CONTENTS.-Acacia, Acre, Age, Agreement, Agriculture, Agrostis (bent gra , ses), Allotment System, Alluvium, Al paca, Analysis of Soils, Anbury, Appraisement, Apricot, April, London: Longman, Brown, and Co. O'CONNELL AND REPEAL. THE TABLET of SATURDAY NEXT, the 4th SEPTEMBER, will contain a lull REPORT of the PROCEEDINGS of the GREAT REPEAL DINNER given to D. O'CONNELL, Esq., at Highbury Barn Tavern, on MONDAY last,3oth August. The Tablet continues to give good and exclusive Reports of all the Repeal Meetings held in London, also of those held in all the principal Towns throughout England. The Tablet is a well established Weekly General Newspaper, of liberal politics, strenuously advocating the Catholic Interests, and containing much original and valuable Intelligence, Do mestic and Foreign, on all subjects connected with the Catholic Faith. Orders received by all Newsmen and Booksellers. Office, 3, Brydges-street, Strand. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sut—Having now before me a French volume of general statistics, published at Paris in the year 1838, and edited by Messrs. Moxeau and Slawaezyanski. I beg to be permitted to furnish you with one or two ex tracts therefrom, showing the amount of the land-tax in several of the principal States of Europe, and the pro portion that tax bears to the general revenue in each of them, in order that your readers may compare these amounts and proportions with the insignificant land-tax years wages continued at 135., although wheat was 675:, 635., and 71s, or little more than half its former price. In the years 1817, 1818, 1819, and 1820, wages conti nued at 135., with wheat at 1075., 845., 785., and 81s., and in the years 1821, 1822, and 1823, wages were at 13s. and 125., with wheat at Ms., 435., and 38s. It is needless, however, to multiply such examples, as it is evident that this rule in regard to wages applies with still more force to manufacturing operatives, as the ar ticles thay are employed to produce yield no higher prices after bad than they do after good harvests. The master manufacturer of this country can, of course, only of our own country. In France, in the year 1838, the land-tax is stated in the above work at 261,852,762 francs (10,474,1101. ster ling), out of a total revenue of 1,053,420,078 francs (or 42,136,802/. sterling), that is to say, about one-fourth of the whole. In Austria the total revenue is stated at one hundred and thirty millions of guilders, which, at 2s. Id. each amounts to 13,541,6661. sterling, and of this the land each, tax amounts to forty-two millions of guilders, or 4,375,000/. sterling, nearly one-third of the whole. In Prussia the land-tax amounts to 9,735 thalers, in a total revenue of 51,740,000 thalers, which is nearly one•fifth of the whole. In S'iveden, I find, on reference to an other authority, that the direct taxes on land amounted, in 1827, to 12,622,621 rix dollars, out of a total revenue of 19,465,970 rix dollars, or nearly two-thirds of the whole In England, on the contrary, the land-tax actually paid amounts to, little more than one million sterling jaws.' ,41.41Attioa—of .41. that has been 1 - retteined, reme limit is two millions out of a total revenue of forty-eight millions, which is a twenty-fourth part of the whole. When we inquire how it is that such injustice can be found to exist in a country claim ing to be the most enlightened of Europe, the obvious answer is, that the taxation of England bas hitherto been fixed by an oligarchy of landowners. That the land of the . United Kingdom is, to'say the least, equally valuable with that of France, might be taken as self-evident ; but having embarked in statistics, I shall proceed to prove it by some quotations from the work al ready mentioned. For the year 1836 the total gross value of the agricultural production of Great Britain and Ireland is given at 5,725,720,000 francs, or 229,028,800/. sterling ; and that of France at 5,237,178,000 francs, or 209,607,12C1. sterling ; and the net revenue derivable from the land of the United Kingdom is, for the same year, given at 2,200,000,000 francs, or 88 millions ster ling ; while the net revenue of France is stated at 1,685,178,000 francs, or 67,407,1201. sterling. It follows, therefore, according to justice on this comparison of the resources of the soil in the two countries, that the land tax of the United Kingdom should amount to thirteen or fourteen millions sterling, instead of two millions, which has been its extreme amount. To those persons who argue that in consequence of the amount of English taxation the agriculturists of this country cannot compete with foreigners, it may with en tire truth be replied that the taxation of France (42 mil lions sterling) is much greater in comparison to the ge neral resources of that country than a taxation of forty eight millions is to the more extensive wealth of England. In addition, however, to the deficiency of eleven mil lions, which appears as above to exist in the landed tax ation of this country, upon the equitable French princi ple of obtaining revenue from each class of tho commu nity somewhat in proportion to its wealth, there are a multitude of unfair minor exemptions also enjoyed by the landowners and agriculturists of Great Britain. For example, there is no duty on the descent of landed property, however remote the degree of propin quity may be. No tax is levied on farmers' dogs or farmers' houses—no stamp duty for fire insurance on farming stock—and even as respects the window-tax, that portion of their dwelling-houses which is devoted to the business of their avocations is specially exempted from that duty. Indeed, had the constitution of England formally proclaimed it to be the first business of Parlia ment to exalt agriculture at the expense of every other interest in the country, that object could scarcely have been performed more effectually than it has been. I perfectly remember that the principal reason urged for taking off the duty on salt, many years since, was an expectation that the article might be extensively used in apiculture. It was the Farmers' interest likewise that was chiefly consulted in taking off the tax on leather, and it is much to be hoped the measure may have benefited them, for it has certainly relieved no other class of the community, unless it may possibly be tanners and shoe- COLONEL .NAPIER ON THE NEW POOR-LAW. IHE NATIONAL VINDICATO R of SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 4, 1841, contains an ESSAY, by Colonel W. F. P. NAPIER, C. 8., on the NEW POOR-I. NW. Written: expressly for this Paper. Price Twopence. Make early application. The NATIONAL VINDICATOR is nearly as large as THE SUN Newspaper. Published every Saturday. Full of important Political Information. London : Cleave, Shoe-lane; Vincent and Phelp, Bath; and all Booksellers. CIOBBETT'S LEGACY to Sir R. PEEL, N-1 Bart. ' • or, an Inouiry with respect to what the Right Honourable Baronet will now do with the House of Com mons, with Ireland, with the English Church and the Dis senters, with the swarms of Pensioners, &c. ; with the Crown Lands and the Army, with the Currency and the Debt. In Six Letters. afford to pay V such a money price for labour as will enable him to compete with the foreign producer, and consequently the advantage of the English artisan lies entirely on the side of cheap food. I am, Sir, yours, &c., Harrowgate, Aug. 28, 1841. R. C. MONTHLY SUMMARY lOF INDIAN INTELLI GENCE RECEIVED BY EACH OVERLAND MAIL FROM BOMBAY. THE BOMBAY TIMES' MONTHLY SUMMARY of INDIAN INTELLIGENCE is pub lished in Bombay on the days fixed for the departure of each Overland Mail for England, giving a complete abstract. of the latest intelligence from all parts of India, Central Asia, China, &c., with full Civil, ; Military,-Naval, and Csbninercial Intelli gence: all Domestic Occurrences, Shipping and Passengers' Lists, Price Currents, &c. It also embraces the most interest ing extracts from the Newspapers of Bengal, Madras, Ceylon, the Straits, Burmah, China, &c., and Original Contributions from O ffi cers of high rank in the East India Company's Ser vice ; the whole classified and arranged for easy reference, and forming the most complete Monthly Analysis of Eastern Intel ligence. - Parties in this country desirous of receiving this paper will be supplied, on forwarding their orders, with the full address, and the subscription of Twelve Shillings, for Twelve Numbers (which is payable in advance) to any of the undermentioned Agents, by whom the necessary instructions will be conveyed to Bombay, and from whence the Paer will in due c o u rse b e forwarded direct to the Subscribers' address by the Overland Mails. AGENTS—Messrs. Smith, Elder, and Co., 65, Co rn hill, Lon don ; Messrs. Robertson, and S cott, News Agents, Edin dinburgh ; Messrs. Arnold and Son, News Agents, Liverpool. By WILLIAM COBBETT, M.P. for Oldham. " NOW is the appointed time : NOW is the day of salve- Price Is. 6d., bound in leather. To be had at 11, Bolt-court, Fleet-street, where all Mr. Cobbett's publications are constantly on sale. FLUCTUATIONS IN PRICE. TO Slit ROBERT PEEL, BART. Now Ready, No. V., price One Shilling, embellished with Engravings oss.Steel, a full-length Portrait of ;Slide moiselle Rachel, and Twelve Illustrations on Wood, GEORGE CRUIKSHANK'S OMNIBUS. CONTENTS.—Mademoiselle Rachel—Frights, N.. 2. A Short Cruise at Margate—Epigrams—Passionate People— Our New Cooks—A Song of Contradictions—Frank Hartwell; or, Fifty Years Ago—A Warm Reception—Tea-table Tattle— Omnibus Chat—The Fashions, &c.—Letter from Mrs. Toddles. Tilt and Bogue, Fleet-street, and all Booksellers. Star--You have the reputation of being an exceed ingly clever man, and I dare say with truth, but the more, therefore, is my wonder, that in your speech, in the House of Commons on Friday evening last, you should have given the smallest importance to the fluctua tions which sometimes take place in the price of corn in the United States of America ; for it cannot but be known, even to such blockheads as myself, that a country entirely depending upon herself for her supplies of corn, will be subject to these variations, just as the season may have been favourable or otherwise. In naming the fluctuations in America, you afford a good reason for free trade ; for if these variations take place in a country which generally grows corn, as well for exportation as for the use of her own people, and which, therefore, even in bad seasons, must be suili:ient for her own consumption, how much greater are these fluctuations likely to be in Britain with her most un steady climate, and with a demand for corn in general more than equal to her supply? And the matter is likely to be made worse as time shall move on, with our annual addition of four hundred thousand bread -eaters, unless by some extraor linary good luck there shall rise up every year some few thousands of acres of good wheat land upon our sea coasts. My wonder at you, Sir Robert, is the greater, as I plainly see, that to depend for a supply of corn from any one spot on the globe, is to be liable to great fluctuations, owing to the uncertainty there is in weather. Free trade would render the price steady in making wide the field whence the supplies would come ; for God Almighty in his kindness to man never inflicts a general scarcity. If he do so in England he does not in Russia, or if he should do so in both these countries he does not in America. I have the honour to remain, Sir, Your most obedient servant, JOHN GREEN. Petersfield, Hants, Aug. 31, 1841. Now ready, in 2 vole. demy Bvo., THE HISTORY OF DUELLING. Comprising NARRATIVES of the MOST REMARKABLE PER SONAL ENCOUNTERS, from the EARLIEST PE RIOD down to the PRESENT TIMES. By Dr. MILLINGEN, Author of " Curiosities of Medical Experience," &c. " Dr. Alillingen's work is of a character altogether anecdoti cal—the cream of French and English memoirs. "...Athenaeum. Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street, Publisher in Ordinary to her Majesty. Now ready, in I Volume, demy Bw., price lbs. cloth lettered. ACOMPREHENSIVE HISTORY of the IRON TRADE, throughout the World, from the earliest records to the present time. With an Appendix, con taining Official Tables and other Public Documents. By HARRY SCRIVENOR, Blaenavon. London : Smith, Elder, and Co., 65, Cornhill. To•morre'w will be published, B RITISH AND FOREIGN REVIEW, NO. XXIV. I. Works of Thomas Carlyle. 2. Ceylon. 3. Milman's History of Christianity. 4. Colonies and Colonial Government—Java. 5. The Corn Laws. 6. Historic Oiticism of the Gospel—Hegel. 7. Servia—her History and Prospects. London: R. and J. E. Taylor, Red Lion-court, Fleet-street. SPANISH DEBT• TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SIR—Do you not consider it an outrage on all sense of justice that the Spanish Government, which cannot bor row for less than five or six per cent., should persist in consolidatino. the arrears of interest it owes to its un fortunate creditors,' into . a THREE per cent. stock. In the name of consistency and common honesty, let Spain, if she cannot pay in full all the arrears of inte rest, not be so lost to all feelings of honour as to be guilty of another put off towards the holders of the New Deferred Debt, which is the only portion of the Cortes Loans that can now be distinguished from the infamous loans contracted by Ferdinand alone to put down and keep down a constitutional form of Government. In 1834, Toreno threw all the unpaid Coupons then due and owing from 1824 on the Old Cortes Loans into a New Deferred Debt, subject from the year 1838 to twelve annual drawings into a Spanish Stock, which was to pay FIVE per cent. interest. By this arrangement the bond holders had to,wait four years before the first twelfth of them had even a chance of receiving one farthing of their Coupons owing to them from 1824. Four drawings have taken, place, but not one farthing of interest has been forthcoming. And now, instead of paying the trifling interest on the four drawings of the years 1838, 1839, 1840, and 1841, it is proposed to capi talise the interest due on these four drawings into a THREE per mat. stock. The effect, of this will be that as long as , the stock - is -- in existence it will be a perpetual memento of Spain's bad faith and bad policy, in order to save two per cent. on the trifling amount of interest due on these drawings. Why should the Old Cortes bondholder—the most legal and liberal of all Spain's foreign creditors—who advanced fourteen per cent. more to tilt Spanish Govern ment than the Messrs. Barings advanced to the French Government of the Restoration—be treated worse than the subscribers to the loans contracted by the despot Fer dinand to put down and keep down a constitutional form of Government ? _ _ makers. It was the all-prevailing agricultural interest that was again consulted when the House of Commons untowardly voted a reduction of the malt-tax, in order that the far- mers might find amore extensive market for their bar ley, and this without regarding either the state of the public revenue or the morality of the country, which would have been sadly injured thereby. Even down to the most minute matters, the same unjust favouritism to wards agriculture is manifested, in so much, that on turnpike-roads farmers' carts conveyinglime, or any other manure, pay no toll. What manures are to a farmer, coal, wood, iron, wool, cotton, and (lye-woods, are to the manufacturers, yet no such exemption has been accorded to them. Again, the wealthy farmers and landowners (for it is only such that use them) have long been specially ex empted from any duty on such tiles.as are used for drain age, while the poor cottager by the road-side either is, or until very lately certainly was, taxed for the materials of the humble roof with which he covers his head. But all these minor exemptions, though collectively they may, perhaps, amount to two or three millions per annum, sink into insignificance when we come to consi der those monster iniquities of the age, the corn and provision laws, by means of which many of the principal articles of food are absolutely prohibited. while the rest are loaded with sliding duties which generally exclude them from use. By an excellent table compiled by Mr. Bischoff, from official documents, and published by Waterlow, of Birchin-lane, it appears that, on a com parison of the price of wheat during the last fifty yeas in England and Berlin, after allowing ten shil lings per quarter for bringing -it over, the people of Great Britain have, during that period, paid eleven hundred and eighty five millions sterling more for wheat alone, than they would have done under a free trade system. if 'to this amount we add only an equal sum, for the difference of price in barley, oats, peas, beans, butchers' meat, butter, cheese, &c., we ar rive at a grand total of two thousand three hundred and twenty millions sterling, which the landlords of Eng land have extorted from the community during these fifty years, being above three times the amount of the whole National Debt. Enormous and almost incredible as this sum may appear, amounting, when divided by the number of years, to forty-seven millions, four hun dred thousand pounds annually, yet it is fully con firmed by all the great statistical authorities of the kingdom, who have, from other data, variously esti mated the amount of the landowners' tax on the commu nity, at sums ranging from forty, to fifty millions an nual( y. _ _ - I beg the aid of your powerful pen and influence to expose this unfairness towards the ORIGINAL CORTES BONDHOLDERS. THE NEW ROYAL EXCHANGE. Sept. 1, 1841. Tenders. Even that excellent and intelli g ent public officer, Mr. Hume, so long Secretary to the Board of Trade, with all the caution and reserve of his official character, esti- mates, if I recollect aright, in his evidence before the Parliamentary Committee, the annual amount of the ! landowners' tax at about thirty-five millions. The re- • peal of these iniquitous laws should be considered en tirely as a landowners' question, for the farmers and agricultural labourers would be as much benefited b it as any other classes of the people ; and when English ' landowners declare that they cannot compete with the foreign producer, in consequence of high taxation, should be reminded of the equal taxation of Fr nce Holland, and Belgium, and that they have hitherto con trived to throw two-thirds of the general taxation of the country on the commercial classes ; notwithstanding which, our manufacturers have, after paying those taxes, and at least an equal amount of bread -tax, to compete with the foreign producer in every market of the world. That they can now no longer do so with effect, seems entirely owing to the taxes on food, and the want of a reciprocal interchange of commodities with other countries. The soil of E-tgland generally is equal to any in Europe, and so, perhaps, is also its climate for general agricultural purposes ; nor is there any other country that is so well supplied with a variety of mantres, as well as with roads, canals, and railways, for the transport of farm produce ; added to which, the English system of agriculture is vastly su perior to that pursued in any other country—all which sufficiently proves the non-necessity of any agricultural protection, and the entire reasonableness of a free trade in every article of provisions. Were the undeviating rules of impartiality and jus tice to be consulted, the only question now would be, how the landowners of England, in addition to the con cession of a free corn trade, could sufficiently atone for their past extortion? At present, every manufacturing operative pays at least one-third of his hard won wages towards the landowners' tax, and the sum of ten or fif teen pounds which is thus levied on each family of them, is about equal to the hundred roubles which the nobles of Russia demand from each of their serfs by a more direct, and consequently more honest, system of slavery. My Lord Stanley's avowed principle that it is meet and proper that the families of a thousand mechanics should be starved, in order that each aristocratic land owner may be able to maintain a certain number of sleek hunters and liveried lacqueys, has been already too long the law of the land. Nor has the Lord of Netherby been more fortunate in his Scriptural quotations ; and his allusion to ancient Tyre, a city which sank into in significance in the same way, and possibly owing to the same causes that are now sinking England—namely, selfishness, and want of enlightenment in her rulers. In reference to the consequences of English illiberality on his country, Lord Byron happily remarks— . 6 What Athens was in science, Rome in power, And Tyre appeared at her meridian hour, 'Twas thine at once fair Albion to have been • Earth's chief dictatress, ocean's mighty queen ; But Borne declined, and Athens strewed the plain, And Tyre's proud piers lie shattered in the main." Should bin James Graham happen to visit the rnamp facturing districts of England twenty years hence, he may perchance find, should his favourite Corn• law be continued, that those colossal hives of industry which are, though unacknowledged, the chief sources of his present income, have become as deserted and useless to the world as the shattered piers of Tyre. In conclusion, I would beg leave once more to refer to Mr. Bishoff's excellent table for a refutation of the hollow arguments which were lately used by the Tories for electioneering purposes, viz., that wages rise or fall with the rise or fall in the price of provisions. In the year Tho tender of Mr. Thomas Jackson was, of course, ac cepted. The whole of the works are to be completod by Midsummer, 1844. _ _ .., 11 -111- ~: .- _ ';-..*- ; 4 ..,t‘• 4.,e- . ( . ~ . • ~.k. •ec.o.ir I • A t .'-.,, ...,. 6, I ' ' ~__...• ‘,....."1i.—... .._ / _...._ ..;;•-,/,*,,,,, •s, •._ - .4 . •%' f , .. li p ..4 - *..'.• o.• ---,---‘-\ . , ‘ '•- / 0 -- - N. • -;', IC. ';'• . . . . 'A t 13BillAS ~.LININ A' . .111 P, ' . M IL. , OrVA . ~ ~. , ---L - ' . ‘ - - -C ,. .t.f.'-;'''' , •-q 4 LI. ..0 • • ';'- .., ,-„'' tq . - ----, •r -` , 77 V k kr k ,V.l l, /IP , ‘''' V/ ... *5ta , • , . ... , ii. ~• ' • • P. - ...4 , a . -i..., .• •• ~. + ~:.-,-,, - k,, .- , ~...1, . ....e. ~...„,,,,, ' -..,.,,., 0 •,- ...-.,,, ~ :, , ,•,,, , ,,,p,...,./.., ..a - . li:,'".! . ~ ,ii,.. '.........."'.."7411.1111 11 "' 5 . ' • ',.`.: :. ' ----- 411111 0 " ' • , •-•-',.-.:,,;..- 1--• , -...,ri.-- v ..., 5. ..tT t Z . .' .1 ,• 'l:7 , t 0 ,:' -i D .---=',. - ..,..... ,-,. ,1.., ,, ""i: ,e, Dir.- '.. , ..:1-,„..t., c 4 ,„ ,,,, ,„,., , ~ 4,, , • - z.,....,. -hoiT :' , . ..,, „), The contract of Messrs. Webb for the foundation'of the New Royal Exchange was finished on Thursday even ing, and the Gresham Commtiee met yesterday at one o'clock to receive tenders for the second contract, which is for the completion of the whole of the edifice. Fourteen of the principal builders of London had, as we formerly stated, been applied to, and it was also de termined that each tender should contain two prices, the one being for executing the mason-work with the best Portland stone ; the other, the additional price for using the magnesian lime-stone, similar to that introduced into the Houses of Lords and Commons. The contracts of the several tenders were as follows: Portland. Magnesian Lime-stone Thomas Jackson 115,900 .£ 124,700 Baker and Sons 122,765 127,300 H. And J. Lee 12 6 ;390 131,900 Sam. Grimsdall 126,762 133,348 Grizell and Peto 127,400 132,000 Piper and Co 128,700 131,100 John Jay ....... 129,609 134,905 T. and J. Little Webb and Co 130,150 134,450 Joseph Bennett 131,500 133,500 Bridger and Co 131,519 138,660 Win. Cubitt 132,200 135,700 Nicholas Winsland 134,219 136,620 H. Ward and Co 135,500 138,500 The foundations at present laid are a very interesting specimen of the expedients adopted in modern science for procuring a permanent and solid foundation. The con crete is in some places 18 feet thick, and the walls and piers are laid together by arches in all directions, the piers being further strengthened by the introduction 'of large quantities of wrought iron hooping laid in alternate beds. The form and general arrangements of the building are clearly- pointed out in • thete foundations. The Merchants' area appears to us much larger than the area of the Old Exchange was. The form is, how ever, different. In the new building the area is oblong, whereas in the old Exchange it war. square. We understand the exertions of the Gresham Committee, and their able Chairman Mr. Richard Lam bert Jones, have been unremitting in completing the necessary arrangements with Lloyds, the Royal Ex change Assurance Office, the various public companies. and other tenants who are to occupy the new building ; and that the rental to be derived will exceed 10,0001. per annum. These gentlemen hare been most ably seconded by their architect, Mr. Tite, and though the public com plained of the delay in the first instance, the exertions he has made since the building was placed in his hands, and the success that has followed, lead to the confident be lief that by the time named in the contract, the mer chants of London will assemble in an exchange worthy of them and of the commerce of the greatest commercial city in the world. SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE. (LLOYD'S.) VESSELS SPOKEN WlTlL—Three Sister, Jersey to Aricati, 15th ult., lat. 39, long. 13 ; Blucher, Liverpool to Jamaica, '24th ult. ' lat. 48, long. 9, by the Crescent, arrived at Liverpool. Edinburgh, Bremen to New York, 19th ult. lat. 42, long. 42 ; Oberod; bound to Rio Janeiro, July 2, lat. 16 S., long. 38, by Ike Amiable, ar rived at Bordeaux. Dalhousie, bound to Trinidad, 23d ult., lat. 55, long. 10, by the Coquette, arrived in the Clyde. Fanny, Liverpool to Quebec, with loss of fore topmast, 29th July, otf St. Paul's. Marquis Wellesley, of Dublin, for ditto, 2d ult., lat. 46, long. 58 ; Charles, Stornaway, ditto, 3d ult., let. 45, long. 28, by the Scipio, arrived at Whitehaven. GREENWICH AND WOOLWICII COURTS.—A Correspondent calls our attention, and the public attention, to the fact, that the Clerks to the Wool wich and Greenwich Police Courts are engaged in pri vate business, and are solicitors to some Steam-boat Com panies, which brings their public and private duties into collision. We shall not publish the communication, but we notice the circumstance in order to warn the parties that the eye of the public is on them, and also to in form those in whose hands are the appointment, that they will be held responsible. In short, the public interest suffers from their employing pluralists. The Nouvelliste Vaudois states that the Com mission of the Diet on the Argovian question has received f, om the Deputy for Argau an official expose of the grievances of that csuton, on the subject of the convents. The majority of the Commission is understood to have decided that the con vents of Mari, Hertnetschwyl, and Baden, should be re-esta blished, and those of Wettingen and Bremgarten should con tinue to be suspended. The Report has not yet been pre • Fated to the Riet. PRICE 5d THE STATUE 1O DE RUYTER. We have received by the Dutch mail the following account of the inauguration of the statue erected at Flushing, on the 26th August, to the gallant De Buyter. The King of Holland, with his three sons, were present on the occasion, and though 200 years have passed since Dc Ruyter was the Nelson of Holland, his deeds appear to be still fresh in the recollection of his country men. This is honourable'tO them, and we have on this account, as well as in admiration of this celebrated Naval Commander, subjoined to the intelligence from Flushing a faithful account of his life and naval actions. FurstuNG, Auousr 27.—yesterday was the day fixed for the inauguration of the statue erected in this town in honour of the brave Michael de Ruyter. This na tional festival was honoured by the presence of his Ma jesty, our beloved King and of his three sons, the Prince of Grange, and Princes Alexander and Henry. His Majesty, who arrived early from Middelburg, having reviewed the garrison and the Civic Guard, went to the Town-hall, where he gave audiences to the civil and military authorities, and then proceeded to the church, where a very excellent inaugural - discourse was delivered by Professor Van der Hoon. The King, the Princes and suite, proceeded to the square in which the statue is erected, which was uncovered on a signal being given; and this fine work of M. L. Rovan cast in iron by Messrs. Paul Van Vliessinger and liudok Van Heel, was exposed to the admiration of the specta- tors. His Majesty was pleased to express his entire sa tisfaction to all the persons concerned in the arrange ment, and the execution of the national solemnity. His Majesty afterwards visited the exhibition of paintings executed by Zealand artists and amateurs, in honour of the great seamen and officers of Zealand, who distin guished themselves in the arts and sciences. The King then went to the dockyards, and set out for Middelburg amidst the loud acclamations of the people. THE BEST LIFE OF NAPOLEON. This day, in 4 vols. Bvo., handsomely bou n d, p r i ce . 30s. (or in 28 parts, price Is. each), embellished with upwards of Twenty-four Portraits, Views, &c. celebrated MEMOIRS of the EMPEROR NAPOLEON. To which is now first added, a History of the Hundred Days ; of the Battle of Waterloo, of Napoleon's Exile and Death at St. Helena. " Whoever wishes to know, not merely the General or the Emperor, but what the man really was, will find him well pictured in these Memoirs by the Private Secretary of Napo leon."—Times. Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street. To be had also of all booksellers. pEAVER'S INFALLIBLE EMBROCA TION, for GOUT, RHEUMATISM, LUMBAGO, TIC DOLOREUX, SCIATICA, &c.—The Proprietor of FEA. VER'S INFALLIBLE EMBROCATION (a composition of Vege. table Oils) fearlessly asserts, and will test it openly before the most emine..t medical men in the wo, Id, that there is not to be found a re medy a thousandth part so innocent or efficacious as this specific, so justly celebrated for the cure of the above diseases. This assertion can be demonstrated by evidences so invincibly conclusive, as not to be apposed or doubted by the most prejudiced ireptic. For intim. mations (no matter how virulent) it bas no eisinpeer : in fact, there is no other remedy known that will arrest lock jaw or inflammation which terminates in external mortification ; and the Proprietor will forfeit any sum if it ever fails to arrest the fatal consequences of these distressing diseases, which up to this time have baffled and rendered nugatory the skill of the most eminent practitior ers in the civilised world.l Ito spinal diseases its efficacy is also undeviating, if applied when the spine is first pronounced to be labouring under dis. ease. For Burns a..d Scalds it also stands pre-eminently alone, ex tracting the fire the instant it is applied, by laying it on plentifully with a very soft brush. For Hooping Cough, Croup. Compression of the Brain, Brain Fever, Quinsey, Palsy, Paralysis, Erysipelas, Cramp, Spasms, &c., it will be found incomparable, by rubbing it on the parts affec ed. May be had in bottles at 2s. 91, 45. fisl.,7s. ed., lls , and' 2's. each, of Mr Feaver, woollen warehouseman, Friday street, Cheapside : Messrs Barclay and Sons, Farringdon.street ; Messrs. Edwards, 67, St. Paul's Church-yard ; the Depot, 135 Strand, corner of Welling ton-street; Mr. Butler, 9 Cheapside; Mr. Thomas Butler, 4, Cheapside, corner of St. Paul's ; Messrs. Sutton and Co., Bow Church-yard; Messrs Willoughby and Co., hishopsgate-street; Mr. Sanger, Oxford-street : and of most other Medicine Vendors in town and country, THE LATE DR. CLELAND. The following extract from a biographical notice of the late Dr. Cleland, we copy from the " Popular Scot tish Biography," to which it was furnished by Henry . Wilson Cleland, M,D., of this city, a son of the late Doctor's. It supplies some particulars relative to this eminent man, hitherto but partially known : Cleland, James, LL.D., a distinguished statistical writer, was born at Glasgow in the month of January, 1770. His parents. thoug highly respectable, were in a humble station of life, his father's trade being that of a cabinet-maker, to which his son was likewise brought up. Although he himself had received but a scanty education, Mr. Cleland, sen., who possessed great shrewdness of character, had the good sense to be aware of its advantages, and accordingly James was early initiated in English grammar and the rudiments of the Latin language, and had made considerable progress in arithmetic. In the workshop of his father he continued until 1789, when, in order to render himself perfect in his business, he went to London, in which city he re mained for two years. On his return he entered into partnership with his father, and from his peculiar tact and straightforward mode of conducting business, he, in a short period, rendered the trade in which he was con cerned one of the most flourishing in the city. It was while thus engaged that he first exhibited his inclination to figures ; the foremost of his printed productions being " Tables for Showing the Price of Packing-Boxes of sundry Dimensions and Thicknesses," an opuscule which was highly thought of at the time, and which is still in common use amongst tradesmen. In 1814 the office of Superintendent of Public Works at Glasgow having be come vacant, Dr. Cleland was unanimously elected to it by the Town Council, and in this situation he continued until 1834, when, owing to some alteration in the distri bution of offices, consequent on the operation of the Mu nicipal Reform Bill, he thought it expedient to resign. Many of his fellow-citizens, however, considering that some compensation Should be afforded him, called a put, lie meeting on the 7th of August of that year, at which it was unanimously resolved, that a subscription should immediately be set on foot, in order to present Dr. Cle land with some tangible mark of the esteem in which he was held by them. This was accordingly done, and in the course of a very few weeks, when the subscription list was closed, the sum collected amounted to no less than 4,6001., which it was agreed upon by a committee should be expended on the erection of a productive building, to be placed in a suitable part of the city, and to bear the name of the " Cleland Testimonial." That this very superb present, however, was not totally unde served, will be apparent even from the following isolated trifling fact:—Previously to Dr. Cleland's election to the office of Superintendent of Public Works in 1814, the caravans of performers, who were accustomed to meet in Glasgow during the fair week in July, had been allowed to be pitched on ground belonging to the town, without paying anything for such a privilege. But when Dr. Cleland entered upon his duties he imitated the example of the Corporation of London with regard to Bartholomew Fair, and by charging a small sum for each standing of ground, he was enabled, during the period between 1815 and 1834, to pay into the hands of the. City Chamberlain, from this source, no less a sum than 2,509/. In 1821, Dr. Cleland was employed by Government to draw up and classify the enumeration of the inhabitants of Glasgow ; and, from the following high eulogium contained in the Government enurnera don volume, it will be observed in what point of view his services were regarded at head-quarters :—" It would be unjust," observes the writer, " not to men tion, in this place, that Mr. Cleland has transmitted documents containing very numerous and very useful sta tistical details concerning the city and suburbs of Glasgow, and that the example has produced imitation in some other of the principal towns in Scotland, though not to the same extent of minute observation by which Mr. Cleland's labours are distinguished." In 1831, Dr. Cleland again drew up the enumeration for Government, and the very flattering mode in which it was received, both at home and in several of the countries of the European conti : nent, attests its value. From 1820 to 1834, the bills of mortality for Glasgow were drawn up by him, and from the following panegyric on them by the highest autho rity on the subject, we may judge of their accuracy and value :—" Of the statements derived from bills of mor tality, and enumerations of the people," observes Joshua Mylne, Esq., in the Encycloptediaßritannica, " only those for Sweden and Finland, Dr. Ileysbam's for Car lisle, and Dr. Cleland's for Glasgow, have been given in the proper form, and with sufficient correctness to afford the information, which is the most important object of them all, viz. that which is necessary for determining the law of mortality." In 1836, a number of gentlemen hay ing united themselves into a Society for Promoting the Advancement of Statistical Inquiry, Dr. Cleland was unanimously elected President, and in the first part of their transactions there appeared a paper written by him on his favourite subject—the State of the City. From the date of his resignation to his death, which took place after an illnes - ss of nearly a year's duration. on the 14th of October, 1840, Dr. Cleland never ceased to entertain a lively regard for the interest and pros perity of his native city, and not a month before he expired, he published a pamphlet " On the Former and Present State of Glasgow." BY the University of Glasgow he was honoured with the degree of Doctor of Laws. He was .a member of the Society of Civil Engineers of London ; a Fellow of the Statistical So cieties of London, Manchester, and Bristol ; a corre sponding member of the Society of Antiquaries al Scot land ; and, a short period before his decease, he was elected an honorary member of the Societe Francois de Statisque Universelle. A very splendid carved table, with a model built from the timber belonging to v ar i ous p ar t s o f t h e Royal George , were this week forwarded to her Ma jesty at Windsor Castle , by Messrs. E. an d E. E manue l , of Portsmouth , and which her Majesty w as mos t gra ciously pleased to signify ploasure in accepting. Just published, T HE DUBLIN REVIEW, No. XXI. CONTENTS. Art. 1. Southern Africa in 1840. 2. Moral and Intellectual Condition of Catholic Germany. 3. Jones on the Value of Annuities, &c. Society for the Diffusion of Knowledge. 4. German Prose IVriters. 5. The Ancient Church of England, and the Liturgy of the Anglican Church. 6. The Quarterly Review on " Romanism in Ireland." 7. Milo& Poems. 8. The Catholic and Anglican Churches. 9. National English Airs. Notices of Books. London : C. Dolman, 61, New Bond•street ; Booker, Li verpool; J. Cumming, Dublin; and W. Tait, Edinburgh. In a sealed Envelope.—This day is published, APRACTICAL and POPULAR TREA TISE, adapted and written expressly for the USE of the NON-MEDICAL READER, pointing out a successful and never-failing mode of effectually Curing those dire Dis eases depicted in the works of Drs. Tissot, Solomon, Jordan, Goss, and others. By WILLIAM HENRY CASTLE, Surgeon. Illustrated with Cases. This little work is not only distinguished but contra-distin guished from all others which have preceded it, its pages being exclusively devoted to the curative department, and hence it may be justly hailed as a great national desideratum. It con tains above one hundred choice recipes, adapted to various stages of the complaint, which is divided into three distinct heads and progressive stages of treatment, viz.:-Ist,. The cleansing, or detergent ; 2dly, The strengthening, or tonic ; and lastly, The alterative, or purifying. Into these three grand divisions, theory suggested, and long experience has demon strated, the curative plan ought and must be divided. The treatment of this disease has, for obvious reasons, been hitherto confined to some cordial balm, occult tincture, or talis manic drops, which act merely as a dram—a temporary stimu lus, procured at the expense of the patient's future welfare. The invalid suffering under mental depression and decay, impotence, and a host of peculiar and inveterate infirmities, comprehended under nervous debility, will find this Pocket Manual written expressly for his use, and adapted to his va rious wants. London : Published by Hannay and Co., 63, Ozord-street and may be had of all booksellers. Price ss. By post free, ss. 6d. MR. GUY'S NEW WORK. Just published, price 3 s . 6d., and by post ( free) Is. in addition. DEBILITYand IMPUISSANCE CON SIDERED as IMPEDIMENTS to MARRIAGE; in which their Causes, Treatment, and Mode of Cure are care fully explained and illustrated by Cases and Drawings. By JOHN GUY, Member of the Royal College of Surgeons, Licentiate, &c. London: Burgess, medical bookseller, 28, Coventry -street; sold also by Effingham Wilson, 18, Bishopsgate-street ; On whN n, 4, Catherine-street, Strand ; Wright, 60, Pall-mall ; and all Booksellers. Just published, price 3s. ; or by post , free , 3 s. 6 d. , ON the DEBILITIES of the GENERA TIVE, SYSTEM in MAN and WOMAN; th e Causes that produce a Premature Decay of the Reproductive Powers in both ; and the Means of their perfect Restoration. To which are added, Practical Observations on the Nature and Treatment of Syphilis, Gonorrhoea, and other Diseases peculiar to the Organs of Generation in both Sexes." By a MEMBER of the ROYAL COLLEGE of SURGEONS. Sold by Baillere, 219, Regent-street; Onwhyn, Catherine street, Strand ; and all Booksellers in town and country. Just published, the Seventh Edition, price 3s. 6d; and sent free, on receipt of a Post-office order, for 3s. 6d., N H OOD ; the CAUSES of its PRE MATURE DECLINE, with plain Directions for ITS PERFECT RESTORATION; addressed to those suffering from the destructive effects of Excessive Indulgence, Solitary Habits, or Infection; followed by Observations on the Treatment of Syphilis, Gonorrhoea, Gleet, &c., illus trated with cases, &c. By J. L. CURTIS and COMPANY, Consulting Surgeons, London. SEVEN I'll EDITION. Published by the Authors, and sold by Balliere, Medical Bookseller to the Royal College of Surgeons, 219, Regent street ; Strange, 21, Paternoster-row ; Pattie, 4, Bridges street, Strand, London ; Guest, Birmingham; Sowler, 4, St. Ana's-square, Manchester; Philip, South Castle-street, Liver pool; Maclien and Co., 8, D'Olier.street, Dublin; Duncan, 114, High-street, Edinburgh ; and to be had of all Booksellers. The following are a few of the numerous testimonials this popular work has received, and which the limits of an adver tisement will only allow of being published : The rage for books in all departments of Science, literature, and the arts, was, we believe, never so prevalent as at the pre sent time. The unavoidable consequence of this is, that we meet a very considerable proportion of indifferent, useless, and even bad books. With the force of this prejudice on our minds. we it messr..c . w rti h es t,o little reluctance,vork,entiti entitled "Manhood;" a Ne n v h z in d; :!u n c o e r cf b tod did it peruse re quire much perusal fully to satisfy us that the book was not one of the common stamp. Th e sc i en tifi c v i ews ta k en by th e authors of the source and origin of many of the most distressing effects of certa i n d eprave d bits, fully establish their claim to the character pas.ages of fr 0 il b qu e n d t e e parting ev f e rom m t h e t l oo es f o o f f th o e ur da a il s y se p r r t e i o s n s. would e t r o es i u m lt p , r l e io n w as p m ' our careful perusal of the work, has been e e st w atlish in ed with a thorough confidence in the talent and skill of the authors, youth and to satisfy us that those entrusted with r m e e not a little indebted to them for fur the care of preventing some of the most n fr i i s g b h i n t ful th m e a ra l a with st o a vy h i nosh is heir.—Old England. Messrs. Curtis's work, entitled pbueinte on such a subj ec t w hi c h few books n ow comin g befo r th o e f l same time that it is full public is one of th e ii : i t e rictly profession a l, a t can ay c l a im to the characte r The moral and m edical p rece pts give n i the y into all who r ea d it. t, render it invalu able. —Magnet . The perusal of Messrs. Curtis's book entitled b • developing • itled " Manhood," has really astonished us y aserie s of maladies, th never-failing consequence of the vicious habit of which it treats. The clear connexion pointed out between the assigned ' cause and the effects is percepible to every capacity. We strongly recommend the work.—Age.. The multitude of boo ks dail y coming from the press, some, questionable tendenc nay most of them, of a very _ T, made us ex another. Having, howe ex tremely reluctant to take up ver, been . induced by the characte r g iven of this_ work by an intelligent friend, we ventured to open its p a g es, and now feel no hesita tion in saying that we ar i s e from its perusal instructed and edified. The clear exposition of the source of many of th ose diseases which proves so fatal to y outh, and which are set down by the every-day observer as the reitilt of common causes, such as exposure to cold, sudden vicissitudes of tempe rature, hereditary taint, fg.c., is truly convincing and extre mely satisfactory. We say '' satisfactory," i n asmuch as Messrs. Curtis have shown that many diseases, such as Pulmonary Consumption, Epilepsy, &c., hitherto the o pp robria of medi cine, may, when taken in proper time , a nd submitted to judi cious treatment, be brought to as favourable a termination as any other class of affections. We do not think we go too far in saying that society is deeply indebted to the authors for producing so useful, so much wanted, so valuable, and so truly moral a book —Conservative Journal. We recommend the work entitled " Manhood," &c., to the careful perusal of persons of all classes. The moral as well as physical advantages sure to result from such perusal, will be most readily recognised and felt by these who stand most in need of them.—Statesman. Messrs. Curtis and Company are to be consulted daily at their residence, No. 7, Frith-street, Soho-square, London. Country Patients are requested to be as minute as possible in the detail of their cases.—As to the duration of the com plaint, the symptoms, age, general habits of living, and occu pation in life of the party ; the communication must be ac companied by the usual consultation fee of 11.; without which, no notice whatever can be taken of their application ; and in all eates , the most inviolable secrecy may be rOietl ion." LIFE OF DE RUYTI!II. Dear to the Dutch is the name of 1)e Ruyter. When mentioned, it summons up before them bright pictures of their old naval glories f when their cannons were heard in distant seas, and their flags won garlands of oak __ leaves. Yet who would have believed that in the figure of a little cabin-boy, who in the year 1607, busied him self about the ports of Zealand, was the embryo seaman who, at a future day, was to be a ruler on the waves—a victor on the waters. Do Ruyter was born at Flushing, and at the age of eleven began his seafaring life on board of a vessel at that place, and soon rose to the rank of an officer of the first class. One of the earliest engage ments in which he diSplayed the determined bravery that made his name so feared, was in his repulsing the Irish, who attempted to take Dublin out of the hands of the English. Scarcely,- however, had the noise of this transaction passed by, before his adventurous spirit led him into the broad seas that skirt the shores of the West Indies and Brazil. After running like wildfire through these seas, he made sail for Algiers, to which port he had been ordered, when he ran ashore a vessel belonging to Tunis, consigned to perdition its Algerine Corsairs, and had the high satisfaction of releasing forty Christian slaves. De Ruyter was, indeed, the true sword in the scabbard of Van Tromp, and they two together swept the seas of Europe in the time of our Second Charles, with power almost irresistible. The English found him a powerful and perilous antagonist. In 1653 he distinguished him self in the terrible battle near the mouth of the Channel, an id the cold storm-winds of February, when our re doubtable Blake commanded the English, and Von Tromp and 1)e Ruyter the Dutch. Again, too, at the great battle fought in the Downs, June 1666, against Prince Rupert and the Duke of Albemarle, De Ruyter shoWed a bold and unflinching front. In this action it was that a beautiful and generous trait was developed on the part of the younger Von Tromp, which shows what confidence may be placed in brave minds, despite of party differences. De Ruyter was a stout Republican—young Tromp, his rival, an inveterate adherent of the House of Orange. Nevertheless they went to sea together. In the three days fight, the Dutch had the best, but it was at all events as severe a fight as could be, from the inflexible valour of the English squadrons. Both De Ruyter and Von Tromp were obliged several times to shift their flags from ship to ship, and thelatter having been bOrne down to the centre of the English, was reduced to the utmost extremit', and in dread of being crushed, when his rival and political foe, throwing to the winds all party animosities, nobly ran to his rescue, and saved him from ultimate destruction. De Ruyter, too, was no less high-zninded, and it is on record, that in an ensuing ac tion with the English, Dc Ruyter, when obliged to re treat, did so, exclaiming, " How wretched am I, that not one bullet of so many thousands will free me from this disgrace." But De Ruyter made compensation afterwards to the __ .. . . . . _ English for this defeat. In 1667, going up to Sheer _ness' he.cemmitted great havoc among the English fleet, and the Insult which be heaped upon them in that me morable expedition up the Thames, was further aggra vated by his destroying Upnor Castle, and burning the ships at Chatham. The Royal Oak was one of the vessels thus consumed, the intrepid commander of which, Captain Douglas, perished in the flames, though he might readily have escaped, exclaiming, as he consumed in the fire, " Never was it known that a Douglas left his post without orders." It was at the attack upon Messina, in Sicily, that De Ruyter met his death-blow. The Frenchmen knew his invincible courage well. " I would purchase with my life the glory of De Ruyter," wrote d'Estrees, the French Admiral, to Colbert. But "glory," in this Syracusan affair, demanded the life of Buten On the mornimr of that engagement the French came out to meet the . Dutch, led on by the celebrated Du Quesne ; the Spaniards, with their customary caution, kept at a distance ; but De Ruyter rushed into the centre, broke the French line, and was in the act of chasing, when a cannon-shot wounded him in the left heel and right leg, and a fever came on, which closed his spirited career. When Louis XIV. was congratulated upon the death of so potent an enemy, he replied, " Every one must bo sorry at the death of so great a man." Dignities, sad to say, *ere ready waiting him at the very moment of his death. The Spanish Council had bestowed on him the title of Duke, and transmitted a patent investing him with that dignity ; but he breathed his last as the footsteps of these bearers of the dim world's honours were treading up the staircase of his house. His remains were magnificently interred at Amster dam, at the public expense, and a superb monument erected to his memory. Flushing, in the statue she h a s just decreed him, has honoured him late, but perhaps that lateness best bespeaks the uneffaceable effect with which his long-past glory acts upon her mind. FR EE TRADE. At a period when the attention of Parliament is di rected to the principles of free trade, with reference to the admission of foreign corn and other products, the letter of a correspondent, which we purpose embodying in our remarks, may be considered opportune, as afforcf ing evidence of the support given by other Governments to their home manufacture over that of foreign produc tion. 'We are not prepared to enter into the question, or to determine that the present Corn-laws have or have not produced the effect complained of—that of a pre ference being given by the Grand Duchy of Baden to the iroomn.sters in the Prussian dominions over those of England and Wales, but that the point raised by our correspondent may be better understood, we here insert his communication: TO THE EDITOR OF THE MINING JOURNAL. Carlsruhe, Grand Duchy of Baden, August 16. Sir—One fact is worth a thousand theoretic argu ments, and, most assuredly, the fact I am now about to state, will fully bear out the adage. The Grand Duchy of Baden, one of the Germanic States, has this day de cided to give for 4,000 tons of iron rails, to two Prussian ironmasters, upwards of 12,000/. more, out of its very limited income of about 300,00 a. per annum, than the same were offered to be supplied for by the British iron masters. This contract has been advertised, and handed about Europe for the last six weeks, and twenty-eight tenders were sent in from England, Wales, Scotland, Austria, Prussia, France, and Belgium. Such of the parties tendering, who chose to come over here, were allowed to be present this day, when the respective ten ders were opened by a Government officer, in the Go vernment-office, and read aloud. The most rigid, honourable, and scrupulous impartiality was observed, and the off*. accepted was the joint one of M. Hoesch, whose works are near the banks of the Rhine, not far from Coblentz, and Mr. Springfelt, whose establishment is near Aix-la-Chapelle. These par ties, having - no duty to pay, agreed to supply the whole of the rails, the delivery extending over 1843 ! at 131. Ifs. Sd. sterling per ton, delivered at Mannheim, near this place, and obtained the order, rhilst the same might have been obtained, of at least equal quality, and from two British houses of unquestionable respectability, at 101. 10s. per ton, if imported duty free—the State thus taxing itself to the amount of upwards of 12,0001., to support and " protect" the interests of " domestic manufacturers," as a " set off" against our nefarious Corn-laws. This is only a sample, but a most striking and convincing one, of what our British legislators in particular, and the system of miscalled " protection" generally, are doing tor our English manufacturers and artisans. I know your unwillingness to admit party po litics into your columns, and will, therefore, not pursue the subject further, but content myself with asking the favour of your earliest insertion of this " plain un varnished tale." I will just add, that the import duty here, on small bar-iron, is 8/. Iss. per ton, and on the Ist of January next the tolls on the Rhine, on all British goods, will be increased 13s. 4d. per ton above the pre sent rates. Tours, respectfully, SEPII JOHNSON, of Liverpool. —Mining Journal. HOP INTELLIGENCE._WORCESTER, AUG. 28.—The fine warm weather of the last four days has had a most beneficial effect upon the Ilop crop , which is vi sible throughout the whole plantation, and the prospect is now very gratifying to the growers, who began to be fearful that the crop would not only prove deficient in quantity, but inferior in quality ; they are now, howe ver, sanguine . of realizing a full crop ; and should the present weather continue a few days longer, the sample will be of first-rate quality. There is nothing doing on the duty to-day, but opinions r,re in favour of 19,000/. Good 'lops are still in do wand, but inferior samples are quite unsajeable, EVENING SUN. ON THE MANAGEIVIENi OF TB INSANE. (From the Medical Gazette.) We have just received, with very: great pleasure, a translation of Dr. Maximilian Jacobi's work " On the Constructioa and Management of ll(*pitals for the In sane." and we desire to recommend it strongly to our readers, not merely because the arrangements of the in stitution at Siegburg, to which it especially relates, a pear to us to be in general excellent, but becmise the' whole work is composed with a Aare practical know ledge of the subject, and with a regard for science,- which,have seldom marked the recent publications all th 3 same class. The management of the insane in this country is al present, it must be confessed, in a most disordered state; it is altogether systemless and inefficient. Considering that insanity is a disease which it is scarcely possible to treat at the patient's home, and in which, therefore, all ranks are reduced to the condition of hospital patients, it is obvious that the most perfect scheme would be that in which, with such a diligent surveillance as would prevent oppression, all lunatics who are not manageable at home should be confided to persons authorized for their fitness' sake to their exciusiVe care. But what is now the ease ? Of the lunatics . . among the poor, and even of some of those. from among the middle classes, the great inajoti:y are commit ted to almost pauper asylums. where the effi cacy of treatment, and the titness of manage ment, are, with few exceptions, marred by the necessity for economy. Excluded by. the iery nature of their disorder from hospitals whose :amPle: funds might provide them all that they need, hnutfics from these classes are consigned to asylums supported not by the liberal hand of private charity, but by the slowly-open ing public purse. And they live the lives of paupers : in most cases, the buildings provided for them, and all their domestic arrangements (in which arc, in a great measure, involved their therapeutic management), are ill appointed, and for want, or for economy of funds, cannot be mended. Yet it may be questioned whether, on the whole, the condition of the lunatics from among the poor is not better than that of patients of the same kind in a higher class. In the public asylums there areat least the advan tages of experienced attendants, of generally appropriate diet and medical treatment, and still more of the regular superintendence of licensed and competent meiical prac titioners, inclading, in some instances, a physician, a surgeon, and a resident apothecary. But the lunatics from the class whose friends can afford to pay for at tendance by no means generally fare so well ; and in this consists the greatest anomaly of our sytem. There are around the metropolis, and, in general, in the neighbourhood of each large town, lunatic asy lums superintended, or, more properly speaking., kept by medical practitioners, who, devoting the greatest part, or the whole of their attention, to this departmen't of their profession, must be regarded as competent to the charge of the insane; and some of them are undoubtedly eminently fitted for the office. But, the proportion of lunatics who are thus provided for is unhappily ex tremely small; the terms of maintenance in such institu tions as these are either absolutely more than the friends of patients can afford, or they are more than they regard as equivalent to the difference of the advantages between such an establishment and one of a lower grade in value and price ; and so, the comfort, or, it may be, the health and sanity of the patient, is made to wait upon the eco nomy of his friends ' • and that, though the monoy they expend upon him be his own. In these minor and cheap establishtlents, the superin tendent has rarely any knowledge at all of the proper medical, or even of the moral, management of the insane. Some of them are kept by gentlemen, whom we suppose we may call amateurs, and who take this mode of earning, an income through an accidental preference for it befor 6 the pursuit of some profession or trade to which thy would be better suited. Others of these asylums are pia naged by ladies, who of course cannot be expected to be qualified for more than the duties of matrons or nurses un der proper government. Others, again, are superintem ded by retired keepers, who, having raised some money iutheir subordidate offices, lay it out to good interest in an esta blishment of this kind, the low terms of which, seldom fail to bring them patients. And, in addition to all these, a number more of lunatics are committed singly to the charge of keepers, who, for various .reasons (their own profit, misconduct, or any other), have left authorized lunatic asylums, and taken up business on th air own ac count. Now surely in all these cases there is grievous error. Till the condition of a lunatic is absolutely hope less he ought never to he removed from the charge of one who, by some test of his knowledge, has been proved competent to treat his case and ; :even when the incurable state is really set in, surely it is not too much to require that the guardians of those ~ .tho cannot have safe charge of themselves should have some proved judg ment to guide them in the management of their patients' health and comfort. Such a condition must he demanded, unless it is to be admitted that the life of a lunatic is not worth prolonging. We have no intention of entering at large into the details of a measure by which these evils might be re medied. We will only express the opinion that the main feature in it should be, that no lunatic should be lodged in an establishment kept by any but a licensed medical practitioner, till, on sufficient testimony, he can be re garded as positively incurable. Unless it can be proved that there is no hope of applying the knowledge of me dicine beneficially in the treatment °fins:pity, nothing can be more flagrantly wrong than that . it Atoold pass into unauthorized hands. It has happened unfortunately for lunn tics that of late they have become too much objects for public curiosity; for, mistaking the softness of their feelings for the strength of their intellects, too many from among the public have lately interfered in this matter. Newspaper discussions, anonymous letters, magisterial sugge,rtions, and books by authors of all grades but the right, hove abounded far too much fir the adTantagc of the patients. A certain amount of openness to the public 1.; un doubtedly a necessary safeguard for the inmates of asy lums ; but Nueb u safeguard is amply provided by the visits of authorized persons to see that no oppres sion is exercised ; and it is altogether beyond the right of the public to three their opinions on any part of the therapeutic management. lie profession has been de graded by this recent clamour _about a non-restraint stern : if, as w•e have said onee before, it be . . . _ the best adapted for the patients' good (aid, on the whole, we - belive that it generally is), let it be proved so by the honest evidence of facts ; but let not medical men competent to judge have the system forced upon them by a mere popular cry—by anonymous and senseless appeals to feelkgs—by pathe tic books by ladies—or even by the sanKuous solemni ties of magistrates. No good can come of these : to every one who would study and practice his profession as a science, a scheme thus supported must appear, prima . facie, a bad one ; and no one can, without danger to his professional character, embark in n common cause with those that will sail with the wind of popularexpres sions of this kind. Next to its falling. into the hands of designing quacks, nothing is more dangerous to the pro gress of a science than its becoming a subject of popular curiosity. It is this interference of the public in the manage ment of lunatics which has led to the degenerate charac ter of modern publications on the subject ; 43 ut we hope that Dr. Jacobi's work will assist in calling medical prac titioners to better thoughts. Much time and muvh energy are being now squandered in the discussion of a matter of detail, on which, if there he any doubt, it is only because at present the facts necessary either to establish or to overthrow the supposed - value of the new method are insufficient. But in the midst of'• this dis cussion, the spirit of which is maintained only because it is carried on in the view of the public, the much mor e important general questions of the construction of asy lums, and the competency of their superintendents—of medical treatment—of morbid anatomy, and, in a word, of all the real science of insanity, are almost utterly lost sight of. Yet on these, much morn than on the kind and quantity of restraint to be employed, • does the patients' welfare depend. Nor is his alone concerned ; for while these things aro publicly discussed, the medical man is being gradually more and more supplantsd from that for which he is alone fit, and which should, there fore, be his exclusive privilege—the charge of cases of curable insanity. rWe have given this article rather as a proof of the self-sufficiency of medical men than of its excellence. But for the Press, mad-houses would be the most hor rible places in the universe.] * Translated by John Kitching, with Introduct or y Observations by Samuel Tuke, Treasurer of the " Re treat." London, 1841. Churchill. Do NYBRObK FAIR.-61 — Prfi - trsday, day (26th August), the proprietors took measures whotci ascertain an average of the number f 4) . P°"( l i ilrs of entered the town of Donnybrook, b al z, k , ol . the . *. t ie ponce nine, A.M. and six P.m., the period specified bY 1 the fair almost incredible number of 7.1,792, rip..eni!? rzillsi.:( was very cons o.. r att l__ T i h s e w utmb er regulations. The result of this calculation i ras the pro portion of the adult population of Ipi..bli,whithl entered tits of cows, heifers, sheeps, pi;i . so ''',` , . e. the "custom gap" of horses present was supposed t(1 e i , (°_'__°,7 B ,!__' , , rl i 2,500. ,. They were mostly adapted for tz _"_" 4, '" . 1 : 1 4 - _.. 1 .1 - t 1 .,ht of the lighter description. . ‘I'"; k"iaiiitrimvi:lrlu 0,1( 4 .c., . , prices . which might ire!! startle " 0 ' st , k. . • . 'I hei n purea..o horsestor the cavalry were agents present who B . ritain cr Ireland.. having Gtor a s . This fair is - one of the most the 4th Dragoon • . . to the nunibsr of twenty-six ; - of . these eleven were for been instituted by King John, i (the year 1205, when he em, Fitz Henrythen Justvce of Irelonde") ancient either in Great powered Myles . to institute "tine fair at John's Well, and the other at Donny Bourne. This, if it proves nothi ng e l se , proves " : at least the antiatut -3' of this locality.—Snumler's News Letter. JUNCTION OF THE ATLANTIC AND PACIrIC OCEANS.-The great natural advantage of Guatenia!a is the all but ready-made connection Of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The great lake of Nicaragua. having a n average depth of fifteen fathoms, is within sixteen miles of the Pacific. The only known outlet of this inland sea is the river San Juan, navigable for craft, drawing four feet water, to the Atlantic Ocean, in de spite of rapids, and capable of being impri`ived for the passage of ships. At preseht TM coiumeree is carried en upon this line of navigation ; it might almost be said that nothing floats upon it. As soon; however, as a settled country and stable Government can give security to commerce and capitalists, it is easy to see that this water-line will be the scat of an extensive transit trade ; whether it will ever answer the full expectations of sun • guine men, and supersede Cape Horn, is very question able, as regards coarse and bulky commodities. A Goon EXAMPLE,— We heard Mr. Clay in a debate, a day or two since, upon the Loan Bill, re mark, that for 20 or 30 years, neither he no his wife had owed any man a dollar. kith of therh. alany years gone by, had come to the con ' shin that tile best prin ple of economy was thiS;----" Neverfit,o*et it to debt:. To indulge your wants when you werviable 6 , 0 Kt, and to r_epress them when you are . not able.to indulge them."— ' Xelt , York Express, "~~~~ I G f