The Sun. — London, England, 1870-06-08 00:00:00

CORNER of MINORIES and ALDGATE. NEW OXFORD-STREET, CORNER 0: •HART-STREET. CORNER. of TOTTENHAM-COURT-ROAD and EUSTON-ROAD. B RADFORD ; YORKSHIRE. V MOSES and SON'S PRICE LIST of GENTLEMEN'S CLOTHING. laock Dress Oxford Camb. Fi sh Coats. ' Coats. Coats. C oats. Coats, . 255. 1.78, 18a. 10e. -60 s. 30s, 21 8. gz s. 1.55. s. 353. 235. 28s. 18 s. - 425. 425. 30s. 325. 225, 50s. 50s. 365. 365, 28s. 635, 60s. 425. 425. 85g. V I MOSES and SON be g t o rem i n d the public • that the cheapness of an article depends entirely on its quality, and they venture to affirm that every article sold by them is considerably cheaper than what can be obtained at any other ho Ise in England. MI A MOSES and SON'S PRICE LIST of . G ENTLEMEN'S CLOTHING CONTINUED : Summer Race Business Morning Dress Overcoats. Coats. Suits. Trousers. Trousers, .. _ 13s. 6d. .12s. Us. 10s. 6d. 15s. 18s. 13s. 6d. 355. 13s. 18s. 21s. 15s. 40s. 16s. 21s. 245, Ms. 6d. 455. 18s, 265. 80s. 21s. 50s, 20s. 40s. 245. ORDERS punctual measure intros guarantee a fal by post are attended to with care and Eity, and the easy and accurate system of self [need by E. MOSES and SON enables them to fltless fit. E MOSES and SON'S PRICE LIST of BOY'S CLOTHING: Knickerbocker Suits. 9A, Cd. 13g. 6,1, 16s. 6d. Eton Suits. Brighton Suits. SOs. 1 365. 365. 48s. Harrow Suits. - IE3 MOSES and SON supply every description of ..124. clothing, ready-made, or Made to measure, for ail ages, all occasions, and ail classes also Hosiery and Drapery, Hats and Caps, Boots and Shoes, and complete (Malts for all climates. All Goods marked in Plain Figures. Any artircle exchanged if not Worn or injured. List of Prices, with Rules for Self-measure, Patterns, and Fashion-sheet, gratis and post-free. E. MOSES and SON'S Establishments are closed every Friday evening at sunset, till Saturday evening at sunset, when busi ness is resumed until Eleven o'clock. The following are the only addresses of E. MOSES and SON LONDON. CORNER of MINORIES and ALDGATE. NEW OXFORD-STREET CORNER OF HART-STREET. CORNER of TOTTENHAM-COURT-ROAD and EUSTON-ROAD. COUNTRY BRANCH. BRADFORD, YORKSHIRE. THE GRANVILLE HOTEL, ST. LAWREN'CE ON-SEA, I SLE OF THANET, the most comfort able and '• recherche" residential Family Hotel in the kingdom, and furnished from the designs of Welby Pugin. Ball-room, Billiard-room, and Roquet Lawn, facing the Sea, and overlook ing the German Ocean. NOTHING IMPOSSIBLE. AGUA AMARELLA. restores the Human Hair to its pristine hue, no matter at what age. JNO. GOSNE I,L and CO. have at length, with the aid done of the most eminent Chemists, succeeded in perfecting this wonder ful liquid. It is now offered to the public in a more concentrated form, and at a lower price. Sold in bottles, 3s each; also 55., 70% ed., and 15s. each, includ nfZruh a Bull Wharf, Angel-pessage, f 3, Upper Thames-street, Lon dot% R.O. jOHN GOSNELL and CO.'S CHERRY TOOTH PASTE is greatly superior to any tooth powder; gives the teeth a pearl whiteness, protects the enamel from decay, and imparts a pleasant fragrance to the breath. Price is. 6d Red Bull Wharf, 93, Upper Thames street, London. T HE kTRE ROYAL, HAYMARKET, Sole Lessee. Mr, Buckstone. THIS EVENING, at 7 o'cicck. NO E....0NG NO SUPPER: Mr. Kendal, Mr. Compton, Mr. Edw aid Osborne, Mr. Clark; Miss F. Wright, &Ilse Francis, Miss Fosbroke, and Miss F. Gwynne. Anil. which, at 8 precisely, B A RWISE'S BOOK: Mr. Sothern, Mr. Chippendale, Mr Compton, Mr. Kendal, Mr. Buckstone; Miss C. Hill, Mrs. Frank Matthews, and Miss Fanny Gwynne And (by desire) A REGULAR FIX: Mr. Sothern, &0.. Concluding with A IKS6 IN THE DARK. AD ELP HI T H EATRE.—New Company.—New Drama.—At 7.30, FREE LABOUR, a drama, in four acts, by Charles Reade, played by a new company, selected from first-class theatres. New scenery by Hawes Craven. ROYAL OLYMPIC THEATRE, Wych-street, Strand. S-le Lessee and Manager, Mr W. H. Limply. Miss BATEMAN as MARY W ER every Evening during the week, assisted by Messrs. G. Belmore, W. H. Vernon, Blake ley, Elliott. David Fisher; Mrs. Poynter and Mrs. W. H. List In reply to numerous applications at the Box Office, and to prevent disappointment to parties desirous of securing seats several weeks in advance, Mr. W. H. LisTox feels compelled to annom.ce with regret that, in consequence of previous arratt,le ments, the hr liant engagement o distinguished Artiste must POSITIVELY TERMINATE on SATURDAY, JUNE 25. Commencing with MUSIC HATH CHARMS. Concluding with THE 'VARSITY BOAT RACE. Box Office open from 10 till 6. L YCEUM IHEATRE (under the management of Messrs Mansell). THIS EVENING, at 7.30, HIS OWN RIVAL Mr. F. Charles and Miss L. Morgan. At 8, BREAKING THE SPELL. After which, at b. 30, LITTLE FAUST: Mr. T. Maclagan, M. Marius, Mr. Aynsley Cook, Mr. Odell, 'and Mr. Wilmot; Mdlle. Debreux, Mesdames Lennox G ey, Lawson, Lee, and Emily Soldene. ROYAL STRAND THEATRE. solo Lessee and Manageress, Mrs. swanborough. THIS ENENING, at 7 o'clock, LOVING BEART,. Messrs Edward Tesry and Turner; Mesdames Button a..d Santley. Followed by KENILWORTH. Messrs David James. Ferry, Turner, and Fenton; Mesdames Sant ey, Amass, Goodall. Met calfe, and Moore. VAUDEVILLE THEATRE, STRAND.- LePsees—Meserat H J. Montagne, D. James, and T- Thorni...—Tll IS EVENING, at 7 30 the Now Farce of CUP. BOARD LOVE, by F Hay. Alter which, at Eight o'Clock. a new and original Comedy, in '1 hree Acts, entitled TWO 'Fo conclude with the new and successful (Burlesque, by Conway Edwarde-, entitled I , ON CAUL( IS; or, The Infante in Ai ms Supported by Messrs H. J. 3lontague, H. Irving, G. Honey, W. H. Stephens, and T. Thorne; Mesdames Nelly Power, Amy Fawsitt, T. Lavis, and A. Newton (her 2nd Appearance at thin Theatre). 78 ; Balcony Stalls 55.; Boxes, 35.; Upp r Circle, es.; Pit, ls. 61: Gall, ry, 6d. N o Charge for Doors open at Seven. Commence at 7.30, OPERAS, THEATRES, AND AMUSEMENTS. ROYAL ITALIAN OPERA, Covent-garden.-11 Barbiere di Siviglia. 8.30 p.m. HAYMARKET—At Seven, No Song No Supper. Barwise's Book. And A Kiss in the Dark. ADELPMI—At Seven, No. 1 Round the Corner. Pre, Labour. PRINCE OF WALES'S—At 7.300 Quite by Accident. M.P. Dearest Mamma. Lvezum—At 7.30, His Own Rival. Breaking the Spell. At 8.3 ~ Little Faust. OLYMPIC At Seven. Music bath Charms. At 8, Mary Warner. I he 'Varsity Boat Race. GAIETY—At Seven, First Night. The Princess of Trebizonde. QUEEN'S—At Seven, Sly Wife's Dentist. 'Twixt Axe and Crown. STRAND—At Seven, Loving Hearts, Kenilw rth. VAUDEVILLE—Cupboard Love. Two Roses. Don Carlos. ST. JAMES'S—At Seven, Fron Pron. La Belle Sauvage WOODIN'S CARPET-BAG AND SKETCH B K. Egyptian Hall, Pic cadilly, every kv , . fling (except baturdny), at 8; Saturday Morn lugs at 3 A draissi, n Is, 2s, as CHRISTY MINSTRELS. St. James's Hall, Every Night, at 8; Wed nesdays and Saturdays, at 3 and 8 all the year round. ZO LOGICAL GARDENS, Regent's -pork. Open daily except Sun days). Admission, Is. ; en Mondays, 6d. Children under , 6d. hIANAMII TIISSAUD'S EXHIBITION, Baker-street, from 11 a.m. till 8.0 p.m., and from 7 till 10 p.m. Admission, it.; extra 6d. 1 -„ „,,,, 1 I;ft sip.-.(1 - 4 t .f : - )Ps' IV"'" . .... ' "t MORNING EDITION. LONDON, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 8. 1870. •••., • • known as the pretty, dainty pastime of pigeon shoot ing. Not that the member for Bucks himself has the faintest notion apparently in his own mind of there being anything but what is perfectly comme ii faut in this kind of amusement. He describ. s, it in one of the least fantastic chapters of his most fantas- tic book, without one momentary qualm. Pigeon shooting it is to him, as it is to the blase earls and ire souciant marquesses, whom he depicts os to competitors, or as i t i s to - trlija de. licate-souled, dainty-handed Lady COIIISANDES and others whom he speaks of as merrily jotting down upon their ivory tablets with turquoise embossed pencils (the while, as with the Poet Lau reate's Lilian, their " silver treble laughter trilleth ") the fluctuating scores of the Dove Murderers. Com paratively trivial though this fashionable vice- of the time may seem to many—it is, by reason of a special significance of its own, to our thinking, one of the foulest typical blains of which our social system has reason now, as quickly and as effectually as possible to rid itself. Exult as we may, and with some cause, over the abolition of the old, Idiotic, detestable,and murde- roue laws. of duelling, which were held by our fathers tt► eon4titute what was culled 4 those days the Cede of Honour, we have mall reason to pride our- selves upon being in any way more humanized than that al derided, duelling generation, so long as the jeunesse doree of England take a pride to theniselves in the honours and glories won—save the mark I ;erally - awe the mark I—iii the maiming, the tortur tg, and the murdering of a flight of doves / IF M. JOURDAIN found satisfaction in the d iscovery that he had been talking prose all his life without knowing it, M.P.'s must be even more satisfied in learning, on high authority, that they have been obeying political economy all the session without know ing it. The satisfaction must be all the greater because some of them have thought that they were really violating political economy. The coun try gentlemen, for instance, who, or whose fathers, five-and-twenty years ago, denounced the joyless science as a new-fangled thing, the un cleanly offspring of Radicalism and shopkeeping, but who, since Protection has been abolished, have been the most devoted, if not the most enlightened, disciples of the science, have been making their de votion known to all men by the frequent repetition of certain phrases borrowed from scientific terminology. "Freedom of contract" is one of these, and it has been used, with happily little effect, to obstruct the progress of the Irish Land Bill. In fact they have been treating political economy just as its earlier votaries of the Manchester school treated it some thirty years ago. Then we heard a good deal about the law of supply and demand, and the neces sity of not interfering between capital and labour, for mill owners and coal owners did not like to be deprived of. the cheap labour of little children who ought to have been in the school or in the nursery. But the instinct of the nation was too powerful for any amount of authoritative dicta borrowed from science "falsely so called," and the children were rescued from the cruel bondage of the task-master, and were taught before they were compelled to work. So has it been with the Irish tenant. He has been set free, so far as the House of Commons can free him, from the tyranny of an evicting landlord. And we doubt not that just as the 111anethester school now admit they were in the wrong when they opposed the Factory Acts, just as they now confess that they misapplied their favourite science when they used it to oppose those Acts, so, in a little ' while, Conservative Irish landlords will admit that they were wrong in opposing the land bill, will con fess that they made a false use of political economy when they urged the necessity of maintaining, before all things, " freedom of contract." For after all, as Mr. MILL has shewn in an admi rable article in the current number of the Fort nightly Review, there are no such principles of political economy as the Irish landlords suppose they have been violating. Principles differ from precepts: "The same principles require diffe rent precepts, wherever different measures are required . for the same ends. If the interest of landlords does not afford sufficient security to tenants, it is not contrary, but in the strictest conformity, to the teachings of political economy, to provide other security instead. The absolute power of landlords over the soil, is what political economy really condemns, and condemns in England as well as in Ireland, though its economic . mischiefs are not, in England, so flagrant and un _ . qualified." The truth is, the land tenure of this Sport is proVerbially cruel : meaning by sport not • mete contests of skill or of speed, but the pursuit of game, and the more or less wanton destruction of life. Supposing this country were still infected as of ad by wolves, or other Mrening 4ttimala, the slay ing of fereciottB creatures suck as those would, as a matter a course, be perfectly comprehensible. But the destroying of the gottlparatively harmless fauna of Errand for the mere Idle display of dex terity. Qt. ae on* 'neighbours have it pour passer le teenps, has about it an attribute itt no Ivey defensible et any time or under any circumstances—. , the attribute of sheer heartless ness. To one of the earlier victims of this idle search after amusement one might be tempted to trace back, as though it had been overheard by .2Esop, the now familiar axiom s What's sport toyou, is death to us." The blunting of the sensibilities by the force of habit engendered among sporttmen of all kinds is perhaps nowhere more strikingly illustrated than in the well known suggestion of old IZAAK WALTON to bis brothers of the Gentle Craft, as it is called (whe ther by a mere play of words, or by the sheer force of irony, who shall decide?) when beseeching them to impale the bait as though they loved it, One need hardly go back 200 years, however, in order to realise in this way the hardening influence of Le Sport, pur et simple, if one only reads the last new novel of the season, or glances at the light earted competition which has just taken place between the Lords and Commons of England during the passing recess Of these present holidays of Whit suntide_ In that much-abused and much-bepraised novel of " Lothair," in which the ex-Premier has, at the least, endeavoured to pourtray the manners and customs of those who are vulgarly spoken of as the Upper Ten Thousand, there is one description that is true to the life, and that has about it not one touch of exaggeration. It is the description given by Mr. DISRAELI of one among the pet vices, we are almost tempted to speak of it as one among the chel ished crimes, just now, of the fashionable world— country, so far from being strictly in accordance with the ideas of political economy is in many respects opposed . thereto. It is, moreover, unique. In no' other country of Europe does it exist. Even fixity of tenure, which Mr. GLADSTONE repudiated with such emphasis, exists in most other countries. Moreover, while in England the land ia every year falling into fewer hands, and becoming the monopoly of a few owners, on the continent • the land is in the possession of innumerable small proprietors, and the peasant is his own land lord. Mr. HARRISS GASTRELL, who has written, in the Blue-book on the land tenure of Europe, the able report on the land system of Prussia, warns his fellow countrymen that there is a serious danger in the accumulation o land in the hands of a small class. Who that has read the history of the last hundred years can doubt this ? Who that is acquainted with the events of the Frenoh Revolution of the laet century, with the fortunately bloodless revolution which took place in. Prussia sixty years ago, with the not wholly bloodless revolution in Austria twenty years ago, can doubt that the land question is one of the most important which can pos sibly be raised, and that we must solve it sooner or later. We pray that it may be sooner rather than la ter. One thing necessary to the solution is a clear con viction that land is not in the sanie position as other purchaseable goods, It is limited in quantity at the same time that its profitable working is indis pensable to the welfare of the community. A, man may hold any amount of diamonds, and though the supply of them, too, is limited, society does not suffer by the monopoly, for diamonds are simply things to possess, not to cultivate, and society would be none the poorer if every diamond in the world were reduced by a blow-pipe to black smoke and ashes to-morrow. But the existence of society depends upon the produce of the land, and therefore society has a right to see that the land is made productive. We ought almost to apologise for saying thus much, for to many of our readers what we have said will appear a truism. But it has not seemed so to a hundred and fifty old members of the House of Commons; we suspect that it will not appear so to more than that number of the House of Lords. It is wise, therefore, to insist upon it at this time, when the Land Bill is about to be discussed by the hereditary chamber. We would not only insist, but prove our position. We would remind all those who doubt it that Parliament • has already removed land from the ordinary category of property. When it said that the land-owner was bound to part with his land to a private company, because that company was about to construct a work which was for the public good, it established the principle that land is not like jewels, or funds, or a banker's balance, things over which the State had no power, and which the owner might misuse to his heart's content. True the landowner was paid for his land, but he was compelled to receive that which he did not want to take—money--in exchange for that which he did not want to surrender—land. This principle will have fruitful consequences hereafter, for the end is not yet. LIVERPOOL is about to commemorate its former intimate connection with the late Earl of DERBY by the erection of an institution to be called the Stanley Hospital. The son of the deceased statesman was called upon to lay the foundation-stone of the Inc... morial to his father. In doing so he said a good ' word for hospitals. He contended that however much of imposition there might be, however much waste of power and money there might occur in other chari table institutions, a hospital always fulfils the pur poses for which it is established, and the subscriber 'to its funds may be sure that lie gets his money's worth in the shape of relief to the sick poor. In the main, Lord DERBY is right So far as ep,ards the indoor patients, there can be no doubt that the per sons benefited are the persons who ought to be bene fited, for no one when sick would willingly leave ' his home to be nursed by strangers, however kind. It would not be possible to speak with equal confidence respecting the outdoor patients. These are often of a class who could and should pay. There is no sacrifice involved in going to see a surgeon or a physician in a hospital for a few minutes, and there can be no doubt that a large number of persons do this who ought to be seeing the doctor at their own homes, and to be paying him for his visit. The masters and the mistresses of households are especially to blame in this matter. They, in order to save a doctor's bill, will often beg for a hospital ticket, and give it to a sick servant. Some of them have not the grace to subscribe even then. The force of meanness can no farther go. But when all •is said, hospitals are noble institutions, and are, probably, the least abused and the most productive of all charitable undertakings. The subscriber to these knows that his gifts will not be squandered upon sacretaries and clerks, but that the money which he intends for the good of his.really poor fellow creatures will be hilly and wisely expended in their behalf. MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS. THE sUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY :HORSING, JUNE 8, 1870 WHOM THE CAP FITS. Mr. Goldwiu Smith, with a charming mixture of naivete and insolence, has addressed the following un-Professorial letter to Mr. Disraeli, as the autho r of 44 Lothair." His Professorship hails from Cornoll University, Ithaca, under date May 25th, New York : "SIR,--In your `Lot'hair° you introduce an Oxford Professor who is about to emigrate to America ; and you describe him as 'a social parasite.' " You well know that if you had ventured openly to accuse me of any social baseness, you would have had to answer for your words. "But when, sheltering yourself under the literary forms of a work of fiction, you seek to traduce with impunity the social character of a political opponent, your asper sions oan touch no man's honour : they are the stingless insults of a coward.—Your obedient servant, " GOLDWIN SMITH. "The Right Hon. B. Disraeli, M.P." As the cap is fitted on by this amazing teacher of youth in the Old World and the New—somehow (to adopt a phrase from Blackwood, we seem to hear " the sound as of the tinkling of bells." THE FIRE IN CONSTANTINOPLE. The disastrous conflagration which has visited Pera, the European district of Constantinople, has, it seems, resulted in the destruction of the American and Portuguese consulates, temples, theatres, mosques, and thousands of ordinary houses, as well as the edifice known as the British Embassy. At Pent, although many brick houses have latterly been erected, wooden buildings predominate, and this cir cumstance taken in connection with the fact that a strong wind was blowing in the city on Sunday, sufficiently accounts for the terrible ex tent of the fire. Several lives were, it is believed, lost, although the brief telegram. at first transmitted did not make any announcement to that effect. This is the second great fire which has occurred in Pera, and which has left many poor families houseless. In 1852 no fewer than 3,500 dwellings were burnt down in one night... EMBASSY HOUSES. " Serve it right !" will be the verdict of a good many people on this great fire, so far as the British embassy is concerned. It was a most pretentious structure, altogether too grand and costly for the purpose it had to serve. • It might have done very well for an Indian rajah or a Chinese man darin, but for the ambassador of a civi- lised nation such a building was absurd. How much money it costy. it would be difficult to tell. It took years to build it, just a* if it had been St, Paul's Cathedral or a modern Colosseum ; and therefore the expenditure never clearly came out. When built it continually needed botching -up.• Now that it is gone, it is safe to conclude that another such building will never arise, either in Constantinople or elsewhere, for the reSidence Of English diplo matists. Hitherto it has been our policy to do everything on a grand scale connected with the embassy at ConStantinople. It was thoUght to be one of the most important missions, and therefore the salaries of the persons connectsd with it were great, thei r house was grand, and the expense generally boundless. The downfall of the embassy is typical of the change that has come over our Eastern policy. It is no longer thought needful to be con stantly fishing in the muddy pool of Turkish politics. Hence, when the embassy rises from its ashes the ' second time, it may just as well look a little less grand and foolish. LAW .REFORIV. The London correspondent of the Manchester Guardian says it is now taken for granted in the Temple and Lincoln's Inn that Lord Hatherley's well meant endeavour to carry the first stop of a wide scheme of law reform will have to be abandoned for this year. The Chancellor, he adds, is personally liked and respected by all who come in contact with him ; just at Lord Cranworth was when he held the Great Seal ; but like his amiable predecetsor he is unable to cope with the jealousy and versatility of the learned array of critics on the judicial bench and in the House of Lords, which his present measure has unfortunately marshalled against him. We must, he thinks, make uu our mindt to do with ou t l aw re f orm, the Ballot, and the University Tests Bill for another year ; for none of them has a chance of passing. On the Other hand, the Land Bill is considered safe; and the ducation Bill may, I think, be made so by good tact and temper. WORKING CLASS SYMPATHISERS. It is, of course, the fashion to court the votes of working men, now the working men have votes to give. Liberal candidates are eager to assure con stituencies that they are actual bond fide artisans; Conservative candidates tell us they are the men to understand working class measures, and to legislate accordingly. Mr. Baillie Coch rane, the Conservative candidate for the Isle of Wight, is careful to tell us, for instance, that " all those measures connected with the independence and happiness of the working classes " have been supported by his party. Really this is too bad. The Conservatives passed the Ten Hours Bill; but what else did they do ? They hardly like to claim credit for the. Reform Bill. And certainly the abolition of the navigation laws, weeding out of an oppressive tariff; the repeal of the usury laws, taxes on knOwledge, church rates, and property quali fication for Parliament, and the establishment of religious equality in Ireland, all met with their stout hostility. It is natural enough that as a Con servative Mr. Baillie Cochrane should have supported the interests of the richer grades. But it is hardly fair that he should at one and the same time claim credit for being something quite different. A MISSION OF PEACE. - - Mr. Henry Richard, M.P., one of the committee of the Peace Society, has undertaken a mission to the Continent for the purpose of promoting a reduction of existing gigantic armaments. He states that he visited Paris, Brussels, the Hague, Berlin, Munich, Vienna, and Florence, and obtained many interviews with the members of the Legislature in those cities, being r:ceived not only with marked personal courtesy, but with the expression of deep interest in the object of his mission. That it was not barren of practical results he con-1 eiders is proved by the events that have since ensued. In Prussia, Austria, Wurtemburg, and Bavaria, proposals have been made in the Houses of Repre sentatives in favour of universal disarmaments, and . the narrow majorities by which they have been lost argurs well for a speedy success. At Berlin a, disarmament motion was supported by tho votes of not fewer than 99 members, besides many others , who expressed their approval of the principle, but , thought it not altogether opportune. In Saxony a , similar peace motion was carried by 24 to 21 in spite of Ministerial opposition. In Wurtemburg 200,000 persons have signed a petition against the new Prussian military law. The whole population is , only 1,800,000. In Austria, a motion in favour of disarmament was rejected by only 04 to 53. And so the Peace Society's endeavours do not look so gloomy as has been represented. ATTACK AND DEFENCE. The members of the United Service Institution have been listening to an interesting lecture on " Modern Means of Attack and Defence," by Captain Schaw, R.E., Professor of Fortification and Artillery at Sandhurst. Captain Schaw is of opinion that in our day the defenders have the best of it, as they can fire on the attacking force at from, 3,000 to 800 yards with their artillery and their mitrailleur, and when their artillery was driven back • by the advancing enemy, their breechloaders would play havoc with the attacking troops. The modern weapons have greatly increased the difficulty of find ing cover for reserves, whereas defenders can intrench themselves, and intrenchments are practically im pregnable if defended by a force armed with breech loaders. Within the last twenty years the range and rapidity of fire of our small arms has been greatly increased; the range of field artillery has in creased tenfold. The campaigns in Germany and Italy have shown the value of the new arms, and shown also that fortresses must be t,f larger extent and more heavil) armed than formerly. The defence of Eng land must, however, rest mainly with the navy, for it would be difficult to ensure the safety of shore for- tresses and to see an arsenal with thepresentartillery Is to destroy it. MODERN GUNNERY: As war-ships are now being constructed of armour 12 inches thick, and as Mr. Heed asserts that he is prepared to apply armour of 20 inches, it seems ne cessary that some thought should be given to the character of the guns, which should be made to defy this kind of resistance, were an enemy to arise whose ships would be flanked with iron of such a thickness. Of course much doubt remains as to the possibility of floating armour 20 inches thick in the sea, but there is no insuperable obstacle why it should not be applied as a defence to forts. Now a new proposal on the subject of guns has been made, and it appears to deserve consideration. It is suggested ' that colossal mortars should henceforth be ' used in attacks either upon fortifications or upon ships in which thick iron platting is the chief resist ing power. Huge rifled mortars, having a pointed or elongated form of projectile, would, it is contended, penetrate the deck armour of war vessels, which is always thinner than that of the sides, or would fall within a fort, and so force the gunners employed inside to capitulate. Partly for the sake of obtaining accurate aim, and partly because every huge mortar with a colossal shell is cheaper, and would be more effective of itself than 55 small mortars, such as those usually adopted, it is argued that the large guns should be at once made use of in England and fur nished to our ships and forts. The projectiles used might have one effect which it is not always desirable to obtain, but which rather is often fraught with danger to both of the fighting parties, namely, a liability to cause explosions of the magazines attached to forts. This result, however, it is con sidered, may possibly be guarded against by altering the composition of the shells. BOARDING OUT. The system of boarding out pauper children, which offers a practical solution of some of our poor-law perplexiti es , i s now being tried m earnest. The guardians of the Carlisle union, are determined to put the experiment on a definite footing, and have, with the sanction of the Poor-law Board, framed a code of regulations, under which the boarding -out plan is to be tried in their parishes. The children are to be boarded out, when possible, with families of their own religious persuasion, and are to be brought up as members of the family in indus trious, frugal, and religious habits. Special atten tion is to be given to the formation of habits of truth fulness, obedience, cleanliness, and industry, and, if a girl, the boarded-out child must be trained in needlework and household work. The children are to attend 'school until thirteen, and must attend church or chapel on Sunday. The guardians are to pay the school fees, provide outfit, pay three shillings weekly for maintenance, and six and six pence quarterly for clothing. Not more than two children are to be boarded in the same house. These rules, it will be seen, are not unduly burdensome, but are necessary for the welfare of the children, and it may be hoped that the success of the experiment will serve to diminish the race of our workhouse-reared paupers. ANGLING IN THE THAMES. There are vast numbers of London residents who really enjoy fishing in the Thames as a sport, and although many Waltonians (who go down in parties) sometimes become very noisy and misbehaved, in consequence of too lavish potations of beer, the, per sons who resort to the banks of the river in, the neighbourhood of Hampton or Chertsey- are generally intent on their object, and have a successful and satitifyirig return for the trouble they incur in journeying there. The prospects of sport on the Thames are this season, thanks to the Thames Angling Preservation Society, brighter than ever. The trout have been allowed to increase, owing to the manner in which the water has been watched, and the Thames itself is made to look clearer by the withdrawal of poisonous emanations from certain factories. The wanton destruction of fish by gre garious fishermen has been well provided against, and last, not least, the keepers of the angling inns by the river are determined this year to merit a character for themselves by keeping the classes of their clients select and respectable, TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION WITH IRELAND. , The most used of the Irish channel cables, that between Haverfordwest and Wexford, has again parted, and although every effort will be made to repair the line at once, communication with Ireland will be considerably delayed. Two months since the cable met with a similar fatality, and the public were requested to telegraph only subjects of the most vital import. Such an order causes much disarrange ment, especially in commercial matters, and it is to be hoped that Mr. Scudatnore, having now had two warnings, will have sufficient cables laid down between the two countries to prevent a recurrenc e o f th ese unpleasant stoppages. The public ought never to be inconvenienced if possible, or allowed to know that a slight injury to one • cable, a few miles long, so staggers the authorities as to necessitate the discon tinuance of the usual telegraphic communication be tween Great Britain and Ireland. THE EUPHRATES VALLEY RAILWAY TO INDIA. It is to be hoped that on the scroll of fame, which bears the names of Brunel, Waghorn, and Lesseps, the name of Colonel Chesney, the projector of the Euphrates Valley Route to India, will one day be engraved. For upwards of forty years he has medi tated upon a work which still is visionary, but which, there is no doubt, will yet be made to assume a prac tical form. His plans have been mainly disre garded in consequence of the extraordinary success of the Red Sea route, which it must be granted has for many years fairly supplied the actual wants of England and India. It may be in the recollection of many that in 1829 Captain Chesney shewed great interest in the idea of an overland route, and that he accordingly undertook an examination of the various countries through which it might Eossibly be oarried. U naccompan i ed by any other uropean, he start e d f rom C a i ro, visited. Syria, crossed the Desert to the Euphrates, which he de scended to BussJrah. He then repaired to Bushing, crossed Persia, made his way to Trebizond, and ulti mately, after another visit to Syria, returned to Eng land, having been two years on his travels. In the years 1835,'36, and '37, Captain Chesney was again engaged in explorations on behalf of the Government, and his knowledge acquired then he has only now, after a long lapse of years, brought before the world in a . published record. Colonel Chesney's scheme for a direct route to India, either by steamboats on the Euphrates, or b) , a railway along the valley, must before long assume a high importance. The desire for more rapid communication than the Red Sea route must of ne cessity follow the late extraordinary development of the telegraph system. That Colonel Chesney's sur vey points out the natural highway for a rapid com munication between the Eastern and Western worlds is, moreover, confirmed by many well-known scientific authorities. MOUNTAIN RAILWAYS. Engineers in these adventurous days think nothing of exploits that would have discomfited their predecessors, Tunnelling used to be considered a somewhat formidable operation, but we apprehend the constructors of the Box-hill tunnel would have been somewhat startled if they had been told to scale Helvellyn. Nevertheless railways in the year 1870 are not content with running along the earth and below it, but must needs scale the moun tain side. We have all heard of the railway in the Andes, and now we are furnished with particulars of a mountain railway in Hungary, con structed by M. Lopresti, a Hungarian, on a plan claimed by Mr. Sheppard, an English engineer. The line requires no permanent way at all ;• square bearers of oak are laid on the ground and cross sleepers are used at rare intervals. On the two, edges of the bearers are rails only two inches broad, and so thin that they only weigh 11b. per foot. The trucks run on a pair of wheels ei6ht inches in diameter, the bodies of the trucks being three times the width of the rails, and placed so low that the wheels have just room to move. The first railway ever made in the Austrian empire was built on this system, to convey the dirt away from the Chotzess Tunnel in Bohemia. It was of the frailest character ; but required no repair during ten months' service in removing the blasted rock. Mr. Shepherd, who designed it, proposed to extend this cheap rail Way system through out Hungary, but nothing was done. He thinks it ad mirably suited for the cotton districts of India and for the colonies generally, and is naturally reluctant to see the credit of the invention claimed by an other. GREEK AND TURKISH BRIGANDAGE. Captain St. Clair, late of the Fusiliers, writes to the Times from liazliinn in the Balkans, on the subject of Greek and Turkish brigandage. He says that Greek politicians accuse Turkey of offering shelter to the brigands of Greece. He does not refute these arguments, but he opposes to them a fact. He lives in perfect security on the Ottoman soil, at a dis tance of 100 miles from the capital, his only guard an unarmed lad of 18, and feels as safe as if he were in London. He contrasts with this the circumstance that tourists are captured and murdered within a few miles of the Greek capital. The Turks are, as a race, he declares, as little given to brigandage as the Greeks are proud of it. Captain St. Clair concludes by saying that he assisted in the suppression of brigandage in the Balkans. The detachments of Turkish peasants who cleared the country of the plague which foreign influences sought to graft in Turkey, were as disci plined and orderly as any army in Europe: He asks it the Greek Gove rnment cou ld venture on such an experiment, and if the Greek Christians could be trusted in the same degree as the Mussulman peasants. LORD ARTHUR CLINTON. Yesterday Lord Arthur Clinton—a nameunba! pily but too well known in connexion with those of Boni to,' and Park —was called by the officers of Bow street Court but obtained no response. The summons to which Lord Arthur Clinton was expected to answer, but did not, was merely one taken out by a cabman, for a fare of £1 sterling, for hAviug driven the noble(I) lord for more than six hours on t..iaturday week. Cabby had taken up his fare at the Opera Hotel, Bow-street, Covent Garden, and on returning thither after 6 hours' drive, was sent to Long's l 'otel at the back of the Gallery of Illustration, with a letter addressed to a gentleman, said to be staying there, but who proved to have left for the Conti nent. Returning to the Opera Hotel, where Lord Arthur Clinton bad been deposited as at his destination, poor Cabby found that his lord ' ship also bad disappeared. According to the summoning officer at Bow-street, the summons had been left with the barmaid of the Opera Hotel for delivery to Lord Arthur on his return. Mr. Vaughan intimated that if it were discovered that the eummens had been delivered to Lord Arthur Clinton, a warrant would at once he i•sued for his apprehension. Tun HARE AND MANY FRIENDS The best Old Man living Mr. Hare, the William Farren of our day, will take his benefit on the 21st at the Princess'S. Mr. and Mrs. Wigan will then appear as Sir Paul Pagoda and Miss Yellowleaf in " The Bengal Tiger"—Mr. Hare sustaining for the first time the part of Sir Harcourt Courtly, in the comedy of "-London Assurance." The caste, as a whole, will he unusually good —Mr. Buck. stone impersonating- Dolly Spanker; Mr. Took, Mark Meddle ; Miss Marie %%Tilton (also for the first time), Lady Gay Spanker ; and Miss E. Farren, Pert. The entertainment will he given at th,! Princess's Theatre, Po that the fullest accommoda tion may he provided f.r Mr. Hare's many friends and admirers. The Standard prints a telegram about Austrian bonds. It says that through Count Apponyi the Austrian Cabinet has requested Messrs. Worms to inform the committee of the London Stock Eichange that, owing to its hostile action in ,not waiting the time promised before issuing certificates to compel the Government, the Ministry has decided to make no con cessions bp bondholders. The Hungarian Cabinet fully concurs the'rekt. • tort HER MAJESTY. BALMORAL CASTLE, June 6. The Queen, Princess Louise, and Princess Beatrice, at tended Divine service yesterday in the parish church of Crathie. The Princess of Wales drove out yesterday morning attended by 'the Hon. Hrs. Coke. FASHIONABLE ARRANGEMENTS TO-DAY. Lady Jodrell's concert , at 64, Portland-place. Lady de Rothschild's dance at 2, Grosvenor-place Houses• Lady Cochrane's evening party, at 20, Belgrave-square. Mr. Henry Leslie's third grand concert at 8 p.m., in S t James's Hall. Mr. Louis Emanuel's grand evening concert, at 8 p.m, iu St. George's Hall, under the immediate patronage of the Nawab SCIENTIFIC Ai EEIIN GS—TO-D AY. The Geological Society, at 8 p.m. The Microscopical Society, at 8 p.m., when Mr. J. Be l ! will read a paper on "Experiments on Parasitic Fung i and Fermentation ?" and Mr. J. W. Stephenson on e on the " New Form of the Binocular Microscope." The Archaeological Association, at 8 p.m., when Mr. .c Sadler will read a paper on "British Auxiliary Troops in the Rowan Service." SPIRIT OF THE PRESS—Tms MORNING. LORD DERBY ON PAUPERISM. Lord Derby, says the Times in discussing his speech at Liverpool, does not forget that physical disease and death are not the only losses sustained in the battle of commerce and the struggle for wealth. He contemplates the pros pect of a few churches and schools, but a great many Pub lichouses in the new quarter of Liverpool. When there is drunkenness there will be pauperism, and when there le pauperism there will be many things worse. It was beyond his immediate purpose to enlarge on the means of re lieving this kind of suffering, but it is in its application to such wants that charity is now so much suspected. It it is here, we are told, that there is so much room for imposture, and that you can never be sure that your money does not do more harm than good. We acknow ledge the difficulty, but we are inclined to suggest that the fault lies not so much in the applicants as in the doctors. If the only medicine administered in a hospital were a pleasant stimulant, it is probable very undeserv ing persons would apply for relief, and we should son hear an outcry against the demoralization produced . That is too much like the case of our moral hos pitals. Many charitable persons and institution s have only one remedy for the cure of the pauperism which comes before them—incessant administration of pecuniarY drams. The disease, be it observed, is just as unquestion able in the one case as in the other. If a man is a beg gar, or a drunkard, or improvident, he is as certainly suffering from a moral malady as a man in a consumption or an ague is physically diseased. Charity equally de• mands that you should take measures to relieve him o f his disease. But spiritual and moral practitioners are often as devoted to a few traditional drugs as the doctor° of a hundred years ago ; and when everything else fail° they are content to resort to the opiate of a pecuniarY dole. The Standard thinks that the Earl of Derby has not only given the site for a new hospital and laid the . foundation st one , b u t h e h as placed society under oblk gations by delivering a short and sensible speech, dealing, in succint and eloquent terms, with severs' important and pressing questions. In composition and in substance the speech may serve as a mode l of public oratory. It neither went beyond the occasion nor fell short of it. It was long enough to complete, and short enough, as well as good enough, not to be tedious. It is true that the world has never yet run short of speeches. But the world has suffered sorely front speeches unreasonably long and excessively stupid. 41 a specimen of w h a t exce ll ent things can be sa i d on a comparatively ordinary occasion we turn t° this admirable address just given at Liverpool. Happily there is charity as well as distress and suffering throughout the length and breadth of England ; but th . organisation which i s c hi e fl y wante d i s that wh i ch will bring the rich more in congct with the poor, so that friendly counsel, good example, and neighbourly * lll ' pathy, combined with judicious oversight, may mak e whatever money is given of double worth. ITALY The Post declares that the two parties in Italy, the in surrectionists in the Chamber and the insurrectionists in the towns and streets, play into each other's hands. The parliamentary interpellations furnish a pretext for the rising —the risings furnish a pretext for parliamentarY interpellations. The double end is gained by throwing away the public time and disturbing the public peace ; the further aim is advanced of discrediting adminis trative capacity and parliamentary vigour. And when all this can be done with a more special reference to the army, to the weakening and discrediting of that frrce to which Italy owes so much, the gain, in a revolu tionary point of view, is so much the greater. That, in spite of such attempts, Italy should be unmistakably pr o. gressive, is only another and cheering proof of the re' cuperative power in political societies, of the readiness of society itself to correct the mistakes of misguided patriots or inefficient statesmen. Every day furnishes still stronger proofs of this recuperative power in Italy, and to its working the friends of tke Italian people must look for ward with a discriminating, but at the same time wel l " grounded, confidence. COUNTY ELECTIONS. The Daily News says that the temporary political truee of the Whitsuntide holidays has been broken in upon by the local skirmishes. of two contested elections in two Ml' portant county divisions. Both South Leicestershire and the Isle of Wight are, or might be, independent county constituencies. Of the candidates before them they may return whom they choose. The Isle of Wight has a large element in its constituency . of independent persons, who are altogether above any local influence. Th e constituency of South Leicestershire contains a large number of wealthy and independent farmers, who hav e their own political opinions, and who dare to ei" press them. We are now entering on so me new reforms. The University Tests Bill, the ParliamentarY Elections Bill, the Education Bill, are three great mea sures, of which the character and fate will be decided during the next two months. The Liberal electors o f the Isle of Wight will not, we trust, send a representative t° vote against these measures, nor will those of South Leicestershire. Let them regard the election as what it really is, a deliberate expression of their opinion on the conduct of the Government ; let them look upon it tha t every elector in these two constituencies is asked to sal whether, so far as he is concerned, it shall be su pported or not, and there will be no fear of the result. Bo th South Leicestershire and the Isle of Wight must be Non by the fidelity of the Liberal electors, and by their self' sacrifice if need be. THE FIRE AT CONSTANTINOPLE. The Telegraph, in referring to the disastrous fire Constantinople says. one great aid to such a catastrophe is the dryness which prevails in Stamboul 'at this time of the year; the excessive heat parches e very' thing, and makes everythi ng lik e ti n d er . A s to the sources of fire. the pans of light e d c h arcoa l ever ywhere burning without a cover. th e i nnumera bl e " kebab" troughs," and the pipes for ever puffing with a' great lump of glowing tobacco and a fire-ball upon them , make the origin of conflagration intelligible enough' Again, as to its water-supply, Constanitnople is mos t imperfectly provided. The Turks catch the surface drainage in the adjacent valleys by means of reservoirs, and collect a little store from the raips into the old cisterns dug under the town by the Byzantine Emperors ; but in the dry season this is a very insufficient quantity, and the mosques, by a special law have the first and best of what then dribbles down by the aqueducts. The rest of the thirsty capital is watered by carriers who bring skins upon their backs from Scutari ; and Captain Shaw, if he were in charge of the fire brigade, would Pl' bably go mad from something the reverse of hydrophobia. , Lastly, at this time of year the Etesian winds are always blowing from the Black Sea down the Bosphorus, ready to fan into fury any little blaze which may break forth. It will thus be seen, that without attributing any malig nant practices to Djins or Giaours, all the conditions 01 - theSle melancholy accidents are carefully provided by Nature and man between them. DUNV I LLE and Co., Belfast, are the largest holder; of whisky in the world. Their Old Irish Whisky is r ornmeude u by the medical profession in preference to French brand . SuP plied in easks and cases for home use or exportation. Quotations on application to Messrs DUNVILLE & t:o., Royal Irish Dis tilleries, Belfast ; or at their London Offices, 4, Beaufort Buildl4 B Strand, W.S. 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