The Sun. — London, England, 1841-11-15 00:00:00

EVENING SUN he never had any conversation with Goolde till after the 12th of July. Mr. REILLY now appeared to show cause against the pile. The case had occupied the attention of the Court l.oren two days, but he . would not trouble them at any gth, because, from the affidavits uhich were now be- Fore them there could be no ground whatever for a new tr ial- With regar d to the defendant Cusell, there was some ground for doubting whether he was implicated, and as regard e d Mm a nolle prosequi ; but the question , Court was now called upon to decide was, whether there Was not evidence at the trial to support the verdict *Kunst all the others. TEIESIGEii, for the defendant Schollield, was tma.ay , to admit that there was enough upon - -the answer . Illgtifidavits to show that Goolde was in London on the Of July, and he should therefore abandon that riart - of : c ase- What he r e li e d u p o n now waS, that thei'eWas : . 4 tatisfactory evidence at the trial to show that the de t Schollield was engaged in the conspiracy. 4 11% KELLY complained that the substantial , Objeetion jitich .had been urged to the verdict had now been al,an "ed, and that a new ground of defence, which he was 13 " Tare - to-argue, had been brought for Ward. 0134.3' unwilling, however, in a criminal case, to offer any ~Le e tion-to its being argued, but submitted that there t'"urtple•evidence to connect Scholfield with the ob :lining of these , goOds. There was distinct proof of corn elication between the parties pending the negotiations ij,thon—the goods were sent to Scholfield's warehouse tq the first instance; although the invoice was made out the name of Lascell,—the inquiries made were b -Il e 3 ered in a wa) t h at t h e part i es mus t h ave known to false, and he did not think that any point had e n " improperly pressed against them. The Learned unsel having referred at some. length to the evidence at the trial, submitted that, independently of what ap sta,red upon the affidavits, and which materially tjturthened his case, it was impossible to entertain a obtai n that these parties had fraudulently conspired to tie these goods under false representations, and that e.,.tule for a new trial mast be discharged. 4ilr._llwixEs followed on the same side. proceed THESIGER, fur the defendant Scholefield, was in g when we went to Press. ,•-•—. XCHEQUER.—(TH IS DAY.) e ,4k.t 04, sittin g o f th e Court this morning the Lord 4 7, 18 ar0n c a ll e d u p on M r . Tyrwhitt to take his place 42strean of the Court, in the room of Mr. Whateiy, I lk ," a Queen' s C ounse l ; an d Mr. Crumpton was called old to succeed Mr. Tyrwhitt as Tubman. These are b a s t connected with this Court. We are not aware h anY duti es are a tt ac h e d t o th em , b u t the Postman j est th e - piivilege of moving first, even before her Ma s Attorney -General. The Tubman is called upon i h n4 and before any Queen's Counsel. p l ,, r e " Court was occupied the whole day with the special The ar gumen t s were merely technical. IXCHEQ6ER CHAMBER. (THIS DAY.) BESWICK V. WESTBROOK. th 31r• opened this case to the Jury. He said his r i h 3 tiff was a respectable master tailor, who brought whltion for false imprisonment against the defendant on: he beli eve d to b e an i n d epen d ent gen tl eman . About Al4 ' ,q ( ,`ek, on the morning of the 29th September, the fri`; who had been spending the evening with some was returning to his home through Great Or thin-:-street, when his attention was attracted by some ket glitte r i n on the ground. When he was in the Can : ° Picking it up, the defendant and af j friend of his ksk uP, and asked what it was. Plaintiff ocularly tried,l What they would give for it, or something of that NI, The defendant was very wroth, and instantly find ` for the poli c e. A policeman canoe up, and de litsiNave the plaintiff in charge. The policeman sist e d , Considering it no charge at all ; defendant in , ' and the policeman desired them all to go to the tli,Caouse. On arriving at the station-house,and finding ttj e , k lis would not be taken, the defendant changed it, th , t i.`" he belonged to the Mendicity Society, and would sli zh4 I ra in cha rg e f or b e gging, for which there was not the the pest Pretext. Now it was to be borne in mind that 4 0 il tn -a rge-of begging was one which ensured the impri -4-kii'nt of the plaintiff; for upon it no one could be INC lie was locked up with some drunken persons, ~ an td th e s t ree t s to the police-office as a va tatl ; ' c harged there as such ; detained for some time, that , 4 - " s tantly discharged when the hearing came. For trio st " l mlg he now claimed damages of the jury, and he ri fi 'tl they would teach the defendant that he had no• toti ti t d t° Put the powers of the police in action upon so un aC'd a charge. He then called 1 11 1 ,, (1.1 ,_' 15 , 78 E. who was called at the time in question. kitv e -4 1 ,. 1 te Came up defendant load hold of plaintiff, and 1 4 41 ; 1 , 11 0 in charge as an impostor, because he wanted 4N , `' h e rendant) to give him money for what he called a , 4 4,6,, 4 t which was only a bit of bronzed China. De kluw-"L,said plaintiff was an impostor, and he would ch ar who he was. . He insisted upon witness taking the clef:',, e ' They all went to the station• house, where the t 4 k l '"ant, on finding that the charge would not be Wi'' t .„ E '' "barged him ritlo begging. and he was locked up. ch ar gess t Jok him to Hatton-garden next morning. The naS at Nv -t.s not heard-till two o'clock, when the plaintiff. The c " ( e discharged. The plaintiff was quite sober. / 'readout appeared to have been drinking. er Qs • inaion the witness said defendant aq 'red . • if if he would make f eral times to let paint' go 4 44, u . (1 )% Plaintiff sald.be was as respectable as de "t, and would see , ,the charge out. 11 1 , Vector Maud gave an account of what tools place at la: ta tion-house. as stated above. Yo i C,; °4 ALDEnsoN—When charges are made before - , ),You use no discretion ? Witness —Yes. Ilte 'r -- 'vhY then was the plaintiff detained ? A.—The gtelvas regular. tef„; S uppose the L or d Mayor of London were brought 11 44 You, and charged with begging, would you detain No • but here I presumed the charge was Q• \Vuhle. (4 4 ty ? Was the plaintiff ill-dressed ? A. No. Id he appear to be in want ?—A. No. YNY,: ; e II , ha was well dressed, perfectly sober; ha told kith was a tailor, and where he lived ; he is charged 'kchFgging by a drunken man. Why detain him under ' lr clnstanc es ?—A. Why, I had some doubts Wh: r°ll ALDERSON—Then you ought to have inquired. hrp - „ 11 You have doubts in future, exercise them for the lof keepi ng people out of prison, not for putting eaat ' I If you - had exercised any discretion, or the h eara e°ll ?, Ilion - sense, this matter would never have been 1 . 1 4 1 4 03 1) * *"; R IM, for the defendant, said the action was as 11 StITY: a, one as had ever been tried in a Court of wa. 3 l.e ' The evidence -- clearly showed that the plaintiff most anxious to get a cause of action, or he would 1 It v r , s ve minded what had been said by a drunken man. Nlip,„ a case wherein the very smallest coin would fully Th„l 4 te the plaintiff. Npd, - Learned JUDGE having summed up, the Jury 'or the plaintiff—Damages 2cl. tIAIL COURT—(THIS DAY.) (Before Mr. Justice PATTESON.) 1 kr n giltE QUEEN V. BRADSTOCK AND OTHERS. 'utozEir moved that the defendant Bradstock The e ase should b e brought up to plead. tiled,C,„`lerendant was accordingly brought up, and having .7 4 re-committed to Giltspur-street Gam ter. with r.lt tiZ uei stood this is one of the cases connected City election for Bridgemaster. GREEN V as. HIPPESLEY. Shin ea se which wan action brought against a ,ao th e' Plaintiff had been non-suited, in consequence . - Ved ° " : e bein in attendance when the case had been r °n•• g 7e . o , l4 tstcEit had obtained a rule nisi' to reinstate l. t su i 4 ° 190 the affidavits of . the . attorney for the p am ma clerk, from which it appeared that the ds a o t-_ i gial,'",",,ad been in attendance in Court on the y .. f / ‘ s ' ll " had instructed Mr. 'rhesiger and Mr. Marlin 'ae4l'ear for him ; that he had remained in Court . until 1 4) 1 4,Y tWo o'clock, at which time a cause was ex- S t4 B , ° , ni trial, in which numerous witnesses were d to' be ' eicamined ; and that there were two e ca uses at ‘ti: at time standing on the paper before ttlrtlthe ettus e of Green and Hippesley ; and that the at unnking the case safe, had gone away that litte," his absence tht.• two causes preceding this one t ueen k postponed to the next sitting of the Court and ° lint of their length ; and that when Green 41 414 1i PPesley was called on, 31r. .rhesiger and Mr. th e c n, the Counsel for the plaintiff, being both in the` tli urt of Exchequer, it was repr e e t s_e_nted to the Court 11° person appeared for the plaintiti, and the nonsuit tru s Nered a c cordingly. Under these circumstances, he th e C our t would order the case to be reinstated 4: Paper. Sh tll ,• tItLE said, that as this was an action against a "P.t: (l -, he had been instructed by the attorneys for the kiv: 1 11 -4 nts, Mesrs: Adling_ ton an dg y e a g s or t y h , e to d t u a t k y ees . •ery of the ktern tape which the law gave. til os eY for the. plaintiff not to leave the Court ; he If a L et° 'in so, he must take the consequences. hoped i le urds hip would not suffer the cause to be reinstated. TuEsicEit having replied, . tfWv:Justice PATTesort said that it appe a r, t, tti a its that the uttorneys for the defenuants were per red from the t hi s that it was the intention of the plaintiffs .nin te . to rrn tin s "us and the Court ought to have b had ni that fact when the cause was called on ; ee a . s that itis t4 i pt been done, he thought the cause ought to be re- Q,00,h".--Rule absolute. , v. MORAN.—THE LAW OF BUTTON-HOLES. - " e "Life an d O p i n i ons o f T r i stram Sh an dy" the te r antho r of that work bath promised to write a chap th.lt ri bu tton -holes. Until this day we were not aware 'Pa ki t w hich Sterne, in the overflowing playfulness of h :, a t t iti o t o d se b d ee t o n thed e o et a u s ely plus ultra of I perpetrated ne by ltoPtde,?°!„ketive Nii r :ldl" in sober solemn seriousness. t u It thou seekest a chapter upon button-holes turn 1,, ii t e atatutes at l arge , an d a t cap . 12 o f the 7th of Geo, th at c l wi lt find one . B y t h at sta t u t e it is enacted 4 -th "rn and after the nine-and 7 twentieth day of Sep . - i Oall which shall be in the year of our Lord 1722, it be lawful for any person or persons whatsoever op t he kingdom of Great Britain to use or wear 111:Z;e111o7th,eisetir clothes, garments, or apparel whatsoever *ihi Nttons or button-holes made or bound drugget, frieze, camblet, or any stuffs 8141 t tc ) f clothe s or wearing garments are ay d mae, q lse eat if t b "Y person wh atsoeve r within the usu kin ll g om d of bol e B ritain shall use or wear any buttons or button s so toa v i ct "'lade or bound, such credible ed thereof by the oath of one or more _ person shall, on being telt I or witnesses, or by confession of the party, 1 . 4:) ti a4 ) o r ev ery dozen Of such buttons - or button-holes so r th . 111 the sum of forty shilags.” 11110 e, 's case the law 'in question had been . brought tr ot ,. lltil,e_nnotie.e of the Court. The plaintiff, a tailor, had Itm'N ,„ 149 ` action to recover for goods sold anti delivered, tti ""`' plaintiff had pleaded that the buttons were ille- Alte, and the button-holes breaches of the law. tal s :„ 110 0GINS, on b e h a lf o f t h e p l a i nt iff , move d f o r IsitZ, 44l . to , strike out the plea as irrelevant, and to sign • Q'it4t for the plaintiff thereupon, and argued that .1‘ the Act said nothing about tailors nuking, but aLout persons wearing unlawful buttons, or indulging in crimi nal button-holes, and that moreover he was entitled to recover, his cloth. Mr. Justice PATTESQN granted the rule nisi.. The consequence of the aboie decision is that the de fendant will have to show cause against the rule, and the Court will, at some future period, be occupied for some hours in listening to a learned argument £fl button holes. Oh Sterne . , Sterne ! hide thy diminished bead! Here we shall have a solemn judgment on button-holes, delivered in Banco Regina, by the Judges of the land ! What is a chapter to a judgment ? • COMMON PLEAS.-(THIS DAY.) FOURESTER V. PADDOCK. In this case, which stood over from Saturday, Sir T. Wylde resumed his argument in support of the rule for a nonsuit, and was followed by Mr. Sergeant Bompas on the same side. Their LORDSIIIPS took time - to consider judgment. EXECUTION OF IILAItESLEY. The execution of this Wretched man; having been ap pointed to take place this Morning, the Old Bailey and all the approaches to it were crowded before seven o'clock, and the conduct of the multitude, as might be ex pected upon such brutalising occasions, wag marked by the most disgusting levity and indecency. It was indeed a matter of astonishment to observe that those who had undergone so much inconvenience as those thousands suffered, being crammed together in so small a space, for the sake of witnessing the revolting spec tacle, continued their sports, throwing about each others hats and bonnets from one part of the throng to another, with shouts of laughter and wild jests, whilst the miser able object of their curiosity stood upon the drop, and was being launched into eternity. We understand that.Blakesley having been questioned yesterday, after Divine Service, when he was composed and rational, whether he had really, been in an insane fit during the early part of the day, replied, " I only feigned madness to escape the gaze Of the public in the chapel; but now that the farce is Over, let me have something to eat and drink," • - On Sunday evening his_ father called at Newgate, but was not admitted into the eapd(nianed cell. The object of the distressed parent's - 'Visit did: not transpire. Blakesley has a mother and three sisters living, but his father only has visited him since his condemnation. About 11 o'clock, the culprit, ..who. has worn a strait waistcoat since his violent conduct towards his keeper on Thursday, lay down , for a short time ; but he evinced great restlessness, and soon after midnight he arose and occupied himself in praying, and writing two letters, one to his wife, and the other to the Rev. Ordinary, the con tents of which were not communicated to the Reporters. As early as four o'clock this morning the Old Bailey was thronged with males and females of the lower class, and the appearance of the workmen and police bearing torches, throw a sombre and awful effect upon the gaol and the fatal apparatus which was hastily proceeding to completion. Inspector Woodroffe with 200 of the City Police, were in attendance to preserve order, and as the time of execution advanced, the crowd became far greater than even at Courvoisier's execution. Mr. Sheriff Rogers arrived at six o'clock, and was speedily followed by Mr. Sheriff Magnay, and the Under- Sheriffs, Messrs. Pritchard and Beavan. The Rev. Mr. Carver arrived at half-past six o'clock, and immediately proceeded to the condemned cell, and offered the wretched man the best spiritual consolation his awful situation required. The silver chalice and sacramental cup, with some bread and wine, were taken into the pri soner at half-past seven ; but the Reporter was after wards informed by the Rev. Ordinary that he had not administered the sacrament to Blakesley. The convict having partaken of some coffee, Calcraft the hangman proceeded to pinion his arms, and he un derwent the ceremony with most astonishing composure. At a few minutes before eight o'clock the Sheriffs in quired of Blakesley if he was desirous of making any statement, upon which he addressed the Ordinary to - the following effect :—" I do assure you, Mr. Carver that I did not intend to murder Mr. Burdon. but I did intend to murder my wife, an I expected to be brought here, and to die for it. It is not true that MI% Burdon was sitting down when I stabbed him, but he came before me and niy wife, in this way—(here Blakes ley.sat down in a chair, and placing a handkerchief over his head, lie described how Mr. Burdon hastily rote 'from his chair and came between them). The Reverend Mr. Carver then asked the convict in whom he placed his futere hope, and he replied calmly " Jesus. Christ, my Saviour, who (lied for sinners." "And do you believe lie will receive you ? " inquired the Chaplain, to which Blakesley answered "Yes, I do." Mr. Carver then questioned him as to whether he was now of opinion that he had been really mad, or whether it was assumed, and he stated that he had feigned insanity to avoid being present at the condemned sermon, that he might not be sub jected to the public gaze, and it wa s not done in the hope of obtaining a reprieve. Mr. Sheriff Magnay having inquired if the culprit had any further request to make, he begged the Rev. Mr. Carver to call upon his parents and sisters, and also upon his wife, to administer spiritual comfort to them. During the whole of this time the countenance of the culprit was composed, and he spoke in a firm Voice. lie was attired in a suit of black, and wore a white cravat,. It being now nearly eight o'clock, the prison-bell sounded the pri soner's death• knell, and the officers slowly and mournfully moved across the Chapel-yard and along the dreary nar row passages of the gaol towards the scaffold; The convict, who was preceded by the Sheriff; Under- She riff, Governor, and Ordinary, walked with a firm step, repeating to himself the solemn prayers uttered by the Rev. Mr. Carver. He ascended the scaffold without assist ance, and, upon being placed under the fatal beam, the execrations of the mob were almost deafening. After remaining enraged in prayer rather better than a minute the fatal bolts were withdrawn, and he was launched into eternity. He appeared to struggle convulsively fcr some minutes, and during this time the shrieks of females and the shouting of the men defies any thing like an accurate description. The body hav ing been suspended an hour, was cut down, and re moved into the prison for interment. A number of gentlemen particularly of the medical profession, were admitted within the gaol, and several well-dressed females occu pied the windows of the houses opposite. Some pick pockets were apprehended by the police in the' course of " the sight." ANOTHER FIRE AND LOSS OF LIFE.—(THIS I)AY.) A fire broke out a few minutes before ten o'clock this morning, at No. 1, Charles• street, Curtain-road, in the occupation of Mr. Price. After breakfast this morning Mr. Price, assisted by a boy of the name of Miller, about fifteen years of age, and Mrs. Price, were at work in the upper room, the house being but one story high, when by some- means which at present are unknown, a large quantity of saltpetre and other combustibles, which were being u3ed, ignited, and in an instant the room was in one body of flames. The roof was blown off with tre mendous violence, and falling upon the floor, killed the poor boy. Mr. Price, who was dreadfully burned, was carried to Bartholomew's Hospital, without any hopes of recovery ; and his wife, who is in the family way, was so severely injured that death, it is feared, will ensue. The fire was speedily extinguished by several engines which arrived in time. INCENDIARY FIRE at RADBROOki. (FURTHHR PARTICULARS.) A correspondent to the Warwick Advertiser writes further of this mysterious affair : THURSDAY, Nov. 11.—All is desolation ; in one part lie heaps of burnt timber, in another loads of cinders and ashes ; one part completely razed, another partly so; bags and bags of beans and wheat, lying about in all directions, and causing, to tke silent spectator, feelings of agony to see such desolation caused by frantic acts. The Messrs. Smith are gentlemen universally respected. Five police officers were stationed there on Tuesday night ; and on the afternoon of Tuesday Sergeant Cross man obtained a warrant (granted by Thomas Shekell, Esq.) for the apprehension of George Churn, the shep herd, Ann Churn, his . wife, Ann Warden, niece, and Thomas Harris, carter, who severally underwent an ex amination before Thos. Shekel! and ltobt. Cooper, Esqrs. magistrates at Pebworth. Nothing of any moment was elicited, but the prisoners were remanded until to-day (Thursday), and at the time I am now writing they are leaving our station-house for Pebwortli, for Further ex amination. To a reflective mind it is surprising they were not had up before. - Every .fire broke out in the ab sence of the police, excepting the last, at the mansion. However excellent a labourer's character may be, it is a duty incumbent upon, the police and the owner of the property to have the inma:tes of the premises examined, for the satisfactiOn of the community at large ; for who so likely to give information as those upon the spot, if nothing further should be elicited than remote circum stances Connected'with the fire ? It has broken out ten tines ! The mansion is 6f very ancient date ; it can be traced back as tar as . Alfred's time, belo ng ing to the Lingham familY, from. whom the present_. proprietor is descended. -- A Mr. Burton, a gentleman of the same f am ily, resided at Radbmok about a century back, and kept harriers—this accounts for the spacious stables. There was then, I understand, the - festive hall, and the old Englishzentleman resided there, in every sense of the word, of generouS hospitality. FRIDAY, , Nov. 12 —The investigation of the fotir servants 'took place at Itadbrook, before Messrs. Dickins, Corbet Hollond, and Cooper, Magistrates, yesterday (Thursday), but nothing has been made a u d n e dg p e i r ib o lic a . no T th h e e r woman is liberated, but t he others will examination to-day. The Superintendent of the brook, from Cheltenham, in t he short space of Glou cestershire police force, Captai n Lefro y , arriN-etdwoathloluards ai n n t d e wasd shepherd ent pr f e r s o e i n n t Campden,atthe investigationiiri.Elans;. The also the Super intendent the only prisoner examined yesterday , da and his ex amination occupied nearly the whole of the y. The carter will undergo his examination to-day. Wednesday last, a confectioner in Paisley was fined in the sum of 2s. 6d. for throwing a quantity of whisky in the face of a teetotaller. Luckily, the mouth of the latter was shut, and none of the whisky was swal lowed. Of course, he has not lost caste by the occur- rence. The merchants of Manchester are about to take steps to impress on the new Commission the advantage of extending the privilege of bonding to that and oth er large inland towns. The Chairman of the Commission, Lord Granville Somerset, has, it is said, already ex pressed himself in favour of the claims of Manchester in this respect. On Thursolay- next a Convocation will be holden for the election of a clerk to be presented to the rectory of Draycott-le-Moors, Staffordshire. Dr. Stocker, of St. John's College, is at present the only candidate. THE SUN, LONDON. MONDAY;"'NOV.EMBER 15, 1841. similar cccasion at the beginning of this summer, its de• eisiomon this occasion is the more impatiently expected, when two of the most powerf-al nations are on the eve of going to war on a similai'dffair. HANOVER, Nov. 2. --The merchants of Osnaberg have addressed a representation tot the •Ministry on the la manable state of trade, and by that step's may be taker to open negotiations for the accession of Hanover to the German Customs Union. BELGIAN k U NDS—Batniens , Nov. 12. Actual Debt, 2% per Cent. Rothschild's Loan 5 per Cant lOl% Loan of Thirty Millions 4 per Cent. 92 3 per Cent. ..... 71% -(1840) lOl3. Loan of City, ir:32, 4 per Cent. 94% Societyof Commerce, 4 %per Cent 93 Bank of Belgium . ,.s per Cent 7 154 NationalSeciety. Exchange on London (short) —Brussels Papers, Nov. 12. PRUSSIAN FUNDS...BERLIN, Nov. 6. Bills. Money. St. Scliuld. Sch., 459 per cent. 104% 10:i34 Prussian _English Loan, 1830, 4 per cent 102 Exchange an - Landon, three months 6 IS% —* —Prussian State Gazette. Nov. 7. Thirty ! seven• AMERICAN NEWTS UNITED STATES. ARRIVAL OF THE PACKET SHIP GARRICK. LIVERPOOL, Nov. 13.—The Garrick arrived here this morning shortly before eleven o'clock. She was telegraphed yesterday as having passed Holyhead in the afternoon, and the storm which set in at night preventing her arrival, serious fears for her safety were entertained. The Gar . ick Was wrecked off Sandyhook some twelve montliS since, while going into New York, owing to a Sudden - storm arising, and it was feared she would have gone to pieces. She, however, rode out the storm of last night triumphantly, and arrived this morning in excellent condition. , The most important event noticed in the papers, is the death of Mr. John Forsyth; • Fo reign Secretary during the Presidency of Van Buren. The deceased expired at Washington, after an illness of three weeks, from congestive fever, and his death is the subject of general regret amongst all parties in the Union. Mr. Forsyth filled at various periods influential situa tions in the American Republic. He was a man of considerable talent. At new Orleans the mortality was on the in crease. The yellow fever was more virulent than it had been for several previous years. During the week ending:October 11, the number of deaths amounted to 188, of which number 118 had been carried off by yellow fever. The . steataertoluthbia; Which carried' Out•tord :Morpeth, arrived' at:Halifaxafter 'a AtOisterotiS passage of something MoYe than fifteen. days. The same steamer, would sail again the 3d inst„ and may be looked for to,ruorrow. ,She. -was generally expected to have made her appearance here to-day; the wind having been so much in her faVour.. The intelligence by the. in-comingi steamer will. only be five days later fromrNemr! York than that brought to-day by the Garrick,' which brought news six days later than =by the last arrival. M‘Leod bad arrived at St. John's. All the accounts of his having left for England prove, therefore, incorrect. The Americans are paying high compliments to the Prince Joinville. He was visiting Boston, and the good citizens were putting themselves to extraordinary pains to give him a suitable reception. The Money Market had rather improved. A large amount of Stock Securities had been sold previous to. the departure of the Garrick, at advanced prices. The principal sales of other descriptions of Stock were Delaware and Hud son; United States Bank, and Harlem ; which improved considerably upon the sales given in the last accounts. The accounts from Europe do not seem to in fluence stock transactions generally, to any ex tent, though it is the prevailing opinion that monetary affairs there have now reached the very lowest point, and any change must be of a favourable character. FRO:',I FLORIDA. EAST FLORIDA, OCT. 5, 1841.—Indian murders are more frequent in this section of the country than they have been for a year past. Some one is shot on the Palatka road on an average twice a week. Five distinct attacks have been made within three weeks, and more than that number of individuals killed. Captain Beach, you have probably heard, was killed on the Ist inst., near the Horse Hole. He was much respected, and has left a wife and family. PELATKA, OCT. 6.--We have just heard that the In dians have driven off the cattle belonging to Fortßussell. The whole command is out in pursuit. Lieut. Patten, who had . been out with only seven men, returned for a reinforcement; reporting that he had found the trail, and one of the cattle was lying dead upon it. Lieut. Penrose left the fl - srt this morning with fifty men. Lieuts. Lovell and Patrick have crossed the Ocklawaha, in hopes of in tercepting the marauding band, which is doubtless that of Halleck Tustentiggee.• SOUTII AMERICA. A letter from Lima, in the Phil U. S. Gazette, under date of July.lo, says that the province of Puiza was in a state of revolution, and the Peruvian General Castilo assassinated. A complete revolution has also taken place in Bolivia, in favour of General Santa Cruz, but without bloodshed. At LiMa they were getting up a small navy and increasing the army, with a view, it is said, to a de claration of war with Equadore and Bolivia. General Flores, President of Equadore, has a veteran army of 3,000 Colombians under his command, and, united with Bolivia, he could bring against General Gamarrao some 10,000 or 12,000 men, which would oblige him to appeal to Chili for aid. The Chilians have reduced their army to about 3,000, but increased their navy by the addition of a beautiful 48-gun frigate, built for them in France, besides several fine gun brigs and schooners. This would effectually blockade the river Guayaquil, and the only seaport of Bolivia, Cobiji. If the one does not declare war, the other is very likely to, so there will doubtless be another broil at any rate. The net of the death of President Harrison had just reached Lima. The United States frigate Constitution was to sail on the 11th, in the full expectation that there was to be a war between us and Great Britain, and " all hands ready for a fight." FROM PENSA V COLA. A correspondent of the Army and Navy Chronicle, under date of October 1, gives some melancholy particu lars of the ravages of the yellow fever, at Pensacola : " The French frigate Sabine and brig Dunois were anchored mid Way between the hospital and navy-yard. They have lost eight or ten of their seamen. Commo dore Dallas offered them a vacant building in the hos pital, where they now have abont 15 or 18 cases, under charge of Dr. Hulse, surgeon of the hospital. Dr. Hulse has been most fortunate in the treatment of this fever ; out of 108 cases from the Levant, he has lost but six. M. De Wolff, Consul for the Netherlands for Mo bile, a young man of most pleasing . manners; an accom plished scholar and perfeCt gentleman, came to spend a few weeks in a place reputed to be universally healthy. After a short adjourn he was taken with the prevailing fever, which in a few days carried him off. Within a few hours after him, in the same house, his friend and companion, M. Shultz, an officer in the French army, followed, " OCT. 2 —This morning, at eight, Dr. Michel, fleet surgeon, attached to the French frigate Sabine, breathed his last at the hospital, after an illness of three days only. At five, P.m., his remains were followed to the grave by the officers .of the French squadron, and those of the Levant and Navy-yard ; the yard band performing the Dead March at the head of the procession, the whole escorted by the Marine Guard. As the earth fell on the coffin, three volleys were fired by the marines. " The fever is somewhat on the decline. The Levant will be out of service for some months, as the malaria is' so violent on board that it will be some time after frost before they will venture to break her out. The officers and men are recovering slowly, looking much worsted after their sufferings." HAYTI. Accounts from Jamaica state that it is probable a re volution will soon take place with a view to overthrow the despotism which exists under President Boyer in Hayti. A gentleman who has visited the latter island informs us that the Government, though nominally a Republic, is in reality military and despotic. There is a senate chosen for six years, we think, by general suffrage. But the people must hoose the sena tors out of a list of double the number, which list is se lected by the President, who holds his own office for life. .Notwithstanding this advantage possessed by the Pre sident, the Senate has shown a somewhat refractory dis position towards him, in which feeling a great majority of the people participate. President Boyer has become enormously wealthy by his salary, his trade, and his exertions. His chief ad viser is Ine ' inx, Secretary of State, who came near being assassinated some three years since. Boyer and Inginae are both mulattos, as aro a majority of the public officers, while a majority of the people are black. The blacks are most discontented with the Government. When In ginm appears on horseback, in public, he has two black men accompanying him, one on each side, either so as to appear to favour the blacks with his confidence, or so as to deter that class from shooting at him, lest they should kill one of their own complexion, instead of the object of their hate. FLANDERS and HAMBURGI! MAIL BRUSSELS, Nov. 11.—The average prices of whea last week were 22f. 39c,; that of rye, 12f. 93c. An extraordinary courier . has arrived here this morning with the news that the Queen of Great Britain was safely delivered of a Prince on the 9th of November in the morning. On Tuesday, General Vandermurren underwent another examination for more than two hours before Mr. Delcourt, the examining Judge. The vigilance which is exercised. with respect to the persons accused of a plot against the safety of the State extends:even to the provisions which are brought for them. They are cut into pieces in order to be seen that no letter is con cealed in them. On Thursday evening at eight o'clock a conspirator named Geaux, was imprisoned in the Petite Canner, on suspicion of having been. engaged in the plot against the safety of the State. Several searches relative to the plot were made yester day. In the house where the wounded of SepteMber met twenty muskets were seized. KoNixosiit IiGIFI, OCT. 31.—We now hear more fre quently thau formerly of serious collisions on the fron tier with our. Russian neighbours. About sixty persons, men and we men, 'of the Roman Catholic religion, lately went from the Prussian frontier town of Neidenburgh to a Roman Catholic, situated at no great distance- in the Russian, as had been done before on holidays, because there is no Catholic church at Neidenburgh, or in adjacent Prussian territory. On reaching the place they were sud denly surrounded by Russian police-officers and soldiers, made prisoners, and confined in a stable. Thirty-three of them contrived to escape, and through patl)less forests to return to Prussia. M. Von Peguilhen, the the district Magistrate, being informed by them of what bad htppened, rode immediately oiler the frontier, and demar ded of the Russian authorities the liberation of the pi isomers arrested. Not deterred by the imperti nen t an d officious conduct of the Russian inferior officers, thcugh long detained by evations, he at length by his rem olute behaviour made them liberate the prisoners (w ho were to have been sent further into the interior of Russia), giving security to the amount of 10 dollars per A. complaint was of course immediately sent t o i t ' h eci the Ministry at Berlin, and though it made no answer to the eOlurmint of the Government at Konigsberg on a COURT CIRCULAR. On Saturday morning the following Bulletin of her Majesty's health was issued:— " Buckingham Palace, Nov. 13, 1841. , , Half-past Nine o'Clock, A. at. e fahe Queen has again slept well. Her Majesty has ncehad a single unfavourable sympton. The Infant `Prince Continues well. tilsl 01 110 D 9111 " JAMES CLARK, M.D. CHARLES LOCOCK, M.D. ROBERT FERGUSON, M.D. RICHARD BLAGDEN." His' SerenellighneSs Prince Ernest of Hesse Philipps thal visited Prince Albert at 'Buckingham Palace on Sa 'clock t c\li u via r i noon. A: iir a ti ' l t ;ja e ei ircto; Lady o ei . n ; S leal a . han u iep r t lidinE,agya Groom afternoon rnoooftmhe Hardwicke,in t hl Queen,ve a C t arrivedunij Waiting Lord e ; r Countess nia o dnt f aptain Colonel Arbuthnot, Equerry in Waiting, were also present. _, - The Ladies and Gentlehten who called at the Palace to Jeain the state of her Majesty and the Infant Prince were then recelied, and - partook of caudle. Among thosepresent were Madame Van do Weyer, the Lady of the Belgian Minister, the Countess Poulett, Countess of Glengall, Countess Ddwager Listowel, Countess De lawarr, Countess of Mexborough, Lady Delazouche, Lady Peel, Lady Wharficliffe, Lady Stratford Canning, Lady Anna Maria Dawson, Lady Maria Keppel, Lady Mary Stephenson,. _Lady M. Stanley, Hon. Mrs. Law, Miss Law, Mrs. Mellish, Miss Dormer, Mrs. Thesiger; Count St. Aulaire, the French Ambassador ; 111. Van de Weyer, the Belgian Minister; the Vice Chancellor of England, and the Hon. and Rev. Edward Keppel. Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent visited her Majesty in the afternoon. The following bulletin of the Queen's health was issued g— „ oßrnu n ham Palace, Novemb e r 14, 1841. yesterday morning : Half-past - 9 A. M. " Her Majesty's recovery goes on most favourably. " The Infant Prince is well. " JAMES CLARK, M.D. "CHARLES LOCOCK, M.D. "ROBERT FERGUSON, M.D. " RICHARD BLAGDEN." Among those of the Nobility and Gentry who called at Buckingham Palace yesterday and on Saturday to learn the state of the Queen and the Infant Prince were:— The Grecian Minister and Madame Tricoupi ; the Ba varian Minister and Baroness de Cetto ; the Russian Minister and Baroness Brunow ; the Sardiuian, Saxon, Netherlands, Hanoverian, and Neapolitan Ministers Mr. Colquboun, agent for the Hanse Towns ; the Mexican Charge d'Affairs and Madame Murphy; the Danish Charge d'Affaires and Countess Bille Braha, the Swedish Charge d'Affaires, and Baroness Rehausen ; the Sicilian, Turkish, Prussian, and Austrian Charges d'Affaires; the Chevalier Bunsen, his Prussian Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary; Col. and Madame Barreiros, M. A. Valdez, Baron Lebzeltern, the Bishop of London and Mrs. Blomfield, the Duke and Duchess of Buccleuch, Duke and Duchess of Somerset, Duchess Dowager of Richmond, Duchess of Inverness, Marquis and Marchioness of Bristol, Earl and Countess of Surrey, Earl and Countess Brownlow, Earl and Countess Tankerville, Earl and Lady K. Jermyn, Earl and Countess Clarendon, Earl and Countess of Rosslyn, Earl of Radnor, Earl 'of Lincoln, Countess Charleville, Vis countess Dowager Hawarden, Viscount Neville, Lady Dover, Lord Dunboyne, Lord and Lady Fitzalan, Lord Wharncliffe, Lord and Lady Monteagle, Lord and Lady Montagu, Lord and Lady Burghersh, Lady Petre and Miss A. Petre, Lord Marcus Hill, Lord Fred. and Lady Augusta Gordon, Mr. Justice Bosanquet, Mr. Justice Pat teson, Right Hon. H. Goulburn, Right Hon. J. W. and Mrs. Croker, Right Honourable Sir C. B. and Lady Grey, General the Honourable Sir Alexander and Lady Duff, Mr. Duff, M.P.; Hon. C. Howard, Hon. Sidney Herbert, Sir Robert and Lady Peel, Lady and the Misses Wheatley, Sir William and Lady Herries, Dowager Lady Cooper, Sir R. and Lady Stopford, Sir R. Wilson, -Sir J. and Lady Pelly, Sir C. and Lady Aldis, Sir E. • Lytton Bulwer, Dowager Lady Floyd, Sir William and Lady Burnett, Sir Frederick Madden, Major General Sir C. and Lady Maxwell, Major-General Hon. 11. Murray, Major-General Sir J. Lambert, Lieutenant- General and Hon. Mrs. Mundy, Major-General Sir A. Clifton, Colonel Sir George and Lady Couper, Colonel and Lady Catherine Buckley, Colonel and Mrs. Maber ley, Colonel Verner, M.P., Rev. Dr. Kuper, Rev. ' Dr. 'Wesley, Rev. Dr. Russell, Dr. T. Elliot son, Mr. Alderman Copeland, M.P., Mr. Alder man Farebrother, Mr. Alderman Gibbs, Mr. Wil shere, M.P., Mr. and Lady T. Lister, Mr. and Mrs. Beauclerk, Mr. Thesiger, Mr. B. Estcourt, M.P., Mr. Knowles, Q. C., Mr. M. D. Hill, Q. C., Mr. Mayers, egent for Barbadoes ; Mr. Backhouse, Under Secretary of State ; Mr. Ewart, M.P., Mr. and Lady Caroline Masse, Mr. Horace Twiss, Q. C., Mr. Bethell, Q. C., Mr, and Mrs. George Hope, Miss Blackwell, the , Misses Honywood, Mr. Simpkinson, Q.C., Mr. F. Cavendish, Mr. G. Cavendish, Mr. George Hayter, Mr. Girdle stone, .Q.C., and Mr. Verner. Her Majesty and the Infant Prince continued well last evening. Their Royal Highnesses Prince Albert and the Duchess of Kent attended Divine service yesterday morning in the Chapel Royal, St. James's. The sermon was preached by the Rev. Dr. Sleath, who took his text from Psalms 104, and verse 34. The Prayers were read by the Rev. J. Povah, the Lessons by the Rev. C. Packe, and the Communion Service by the Rev. Dr. Sleath, and the Rev. C. Packe and J. Po vah. The Musical Service was Naves in C, the Sanatus in C. King, the Anthem, " Sing, oh Heavens" (Kent). Mr. J. B. Sale presided at the organ, The Hon. and Rev. E. Keppel was the Deputy Clerk of the Closet in Waiting. Prince Albert was attended by the Marquis of Exeter, Lord Colville, Captain Fran cis Seymour, and Colonel Wylde. The Duchess of Kent was attended by Lady Charlotte Dundas. The Duchess Dowager of Richmond, the Earls of Li verpool, Delawarr, and Winchilsea were among the No bility present. Her Royal Highness the Princess Royal was taken an airing in the garden of Buckingham Palace, on Saturday. Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent visited the Duchess of Gloucester on Saturday, at Gloucester House. Despatches from the Governor of Gibraltar were re ceived yesterday at the Colonial-office. - THE QUEEN DOWAGER. The bulletin received at Marlborough-house yester day was as.follows : " The QueenDovvager has slept for some hours during the night, and her Majesty's cough is of a less distressing character. " W. F. CHAMBERS, M.D. " DAVID DAVIES, M.D. " Sudbury Hall, Nov. 13, 1841." The members of the Royal Family send daily to Marlborough-house to learn the state of her Majesty, and the inquiries by the Nobility and Gentry after her Majesty's health are very numerous. SADLER'S WELLS THEATRE: A new nautical melo-drama has been pro duced at this Theatre, by Mr. Harmer, which, for splendid scenery, for telling effects, and for picturesque groupings, surpasses any of his for mer efforts. .It is entitled. the Black Rover, and represents the adventures of a certain Ed ward Martin (Mr. H. Marston), who, having on an unjust accusation of smuggling been. pressed ou board a man-of-war, is, by the tyranny of his officers, forced to run away from the ship, vowing vengeance on his persecutors. He turns pirate, and,, as the ,Black Rover, b ecomes th e terror of his oppressors. T he opening scene, re by moonlight, ) and the. effect of i p tsh r e e se n n i t o i onngl exceedinglyi g t h h e t c o o nb a es the etfi waterii 1 Cornwallis . c xcelle i 1 t 1 y . ma . naged. Another scene, representinpgerarcedtisastanat which it it also possesses the merit of represents the deck of the view of ° o f f Sarti, p A ai l ct i i c tdi l n i a g e lt.' the e l\ s l c o e u n n e t ~0 f i . s pro fesses to be a re presentation. The last scene of faithfully de the first act, representing the boarding and cap ture of a frigate by the pirate, is admirably ma naged.frigate ; the pirate ship appears in the distance, bears down upon her, and captures her by board ing. The stage In the second act we had some beautiful views of West India scenery ; and in the third we were removed from the torrid zone to, the frozen regions of the North, and it was amongst the icebergs of the Polar Seas that the denouement took place. The disappearance of the icebergs, and the appearance of the monster-ship at the conclusion, was one of the most magnificent effects ever attempted, and the curtain fell amidst the loudest applause. Marston, as the pirate, was, as he always is, admirable; and he was a bl y su p ported by r. and Mrs. Honner. The former acted the part of a rough, honest, open-hearted Jack Tar, a line of charac ter in the delineation of which he is treading fast on the heels of T. P. Cooke. The serious parts of the drama were well relieved by Mr. Herbert, who, as a nigger cook, elicited roars of laughter. We cannot close this notice without paying a tribute to the excellent acting of Mrs. Richard son, as the Widow Morton. She had but little to do, but that little was done excellently well. Her dying scene was a beautiful piece of acting. Honner must have been at an immense expense in fitting out The Black Rorer. His cruise, how ever, will be a long and successful one, and no doubt the priie-money he will bring home will I repay his outfit withexcellent interest. THE FINANCIAL MOVEMENT. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. hope to convince your readers that the -pre sent financial movement carries with it some great ans..- logies from history and human nature ; whereas our opponents bring forward nothing but transparent fal lacies. First, We have with us the fixed opinion of her Ma jesty, whose character unites the intrepidity of her fa ther's royal line, the political prudence of King Leo pold, the affectionate disposition of her mother's family, and the great qualities of the lamented Princess Char lotte ; and how can it be borne, that after losing in so sudden a manner, all the illustrious persons near the throne, who held liberal opinions, the hopes which de volve on her Majesty as the cherished enfant de la mai .son should be blighted by this fourth Potignac attempt? 2. The history of these realms has uniformly turned on a strict defensive alliance between monarch and bo rough towns against barons ; with this principle the ori ginal Reform Bill harmonized, and princely favour raised into legislative power, cities till then unknown to the Constitution. The present movement is a more di rect manner of asserting their indefeasible clainis to equality. 3. We have universal history on our side. The mis fortunes of France arose from the corrupt monopolies of Colbert, styled Grand, because he was too grand to listen to the laissez faire, laissez passer, of his merchants; he had his reasons for protecting each, till his unproductive taxes paid by poor to rich —alms • taking wealth, alms-giving poverty—withered every branch without exception. Maurepas, Necker, and Monseigneur de Calonne, finance ministers after these evils had become wholly insupportable, gave way to a general rabblementing which ended in hideous regicide, as ship-meney and other expedients sealed the fate of Charles I. In modern France, the restoration de pended on our paying the civil list of Louis XVIII. BOna• parte landed at Cannes because his civil list was not paid, and Villele now predicts a financial" July." Fiscal errors united the Provinces against Philip ll.—the Stamp Act united the States against George 111. Spain, perfect speci men of restrictive system—perfect specimen of monarchy in dissolution. Discovery of America suppling an ample currency, alleviating the weight of debts and taxes, led to the revival ofEurope, and even the Reformation itself, such as it was. Athens was great under Themistocles and Peri cles, because the rich paid all the taxes and the people had all the power. Free trade in corn confirmed the strength of Phoenicia and Rome ; civil wars arose from the debts of Caesar and Antony. Our own cotton trade thrives from having escaped protection; China is ruined by neglect of the people, together with absurd ideas about specie. 4. If in the opposing scale the venerable associations of Church and King, Bible and Crown, were to be found, our cause would be much weaker ; the catechism of in fancy, the soothing aspect of a parish church, will always be revered : but in fact, these traditions and the unsus pecting persons who depend on them, are all sold to one am - bitious man, as an elegant investment of his fiirtune. So have I seen in a large collection of pictures, the portrait of Raf faelle painted by himself, whose mild complaining eyes, looking out as it were for a congenial mind, seemed to shrink with terror from the Peel arms, double lackered on the frame. - On the other side we find nothing but fallacies, which would long have disappeared if any one vested interest, any chartered body, any coterie, caucus, garrison, mono poly, University, corporation, academy, oligarchy, or Par liament had been profitably concerned in demolishing them. Most of the corn fallacies have been ably pointed out, or if any have not yielded to the vast intelligence applied by Ebernezer Elliot and his followers, it is because they are nbt farmers, because English general society cares little about farming, because the agricultural interest have less georgic simplicity, less knowledge of the sub ject than any body of men in the world. For instance, Lord Stanley spoke as if all tolerable ground must pro duce either corn or grass—this was said at a cattle show. Many Noblemen who attend on these occasions (like the portly creatures they behold) show more blood than sense, and are equally distinguished for high breeding and low views. But did his Lordship never lift his glass to survey one of the parish allotment fields in August, in the golden sunshine ? He would they. have seen the people in their birth-right land, trudging many miles to cultivate halfa quarter ofan acre of the worst ground ; but he would have seen neither grass nor corn, except here and there a single shock of wheat, and per chance the wakeful ingenuity of a family exerted to scare the birds from this little luxury. Cattle shows and phea sants do not properly constitute an agricultural body. These Sabine tillers, sua si bona norint, would repudiate the petits profits they now procure; they would be pre pared to show the precise manner in which exclusion ruins them, as it does all trades protected from com petition, and would pay twenty millions yearly to be rid of it, rather than receive that much to strengthen the blood-cemented fabric. The great landowners must long have seen that differential duties do not per manently improve rents : their object in maintaining them must be to keep their inferior acres in cultivation, so that when Lady Bountiful extends her drives beyond the deer park, she may not be shocked with an ap- Faranee of desolation. For this purpose, certain "doses of capital " are necessary—these are given on the faith of Parliament prices. Another security for the capitalist is, that when a bank contraction, or an uncontrollable abundance, hauls down prices, paragraphs appear, an nouncing that some landlord has thrown back .20 per cent. at his last "audit." I venture to remind your readers who may not be farmers, that land should be kept clean and dry, and well manured ;—to secure these objects, half the soil of England requires a great outlay in draining and trenching, the surprising effects of which are every day more obvious. The landlord having no security for his rent under Corn-laws, cannot undertake the expense ; the tenant having no tenure of his ground can still less afford it, especially in Ireland. Also, to keep the land well manured, a varied succession of green crops is requisite in summer, without which stock cannot thrive in the stall : this involves the necessity of a large rotation, with a small proportion of white straw crops and a complete change in the whole plan of farming, now carefully adjusted so as to rack the ground, to take the heart out of it by repetition of ex hausting crops ; the produce favoured by climate and comparatively secure from injury being discouraged, the farm houses tumbling down, and the tenants — Not knowing which, to stand or fly, With rent-rolls mounting zenith high, They have their choice to run away - Or hibtnir for a groat a-day. England is but one huge dilapidated farm going out of lease without any prospect of renewal. If we are to re ject all dependance on foreigners for bread—if we are to despise the consideration that commerce loves, liberty and peace, that mutual intelligence promotes charitable feelings (an argument which Lord Shrewsbury at least, ought not to give up, for it was an emphatically free trade in corn which brought the first apostle to Rome, and thus in a manner founded the apostolic chair)—if we are to relinquish all this, and be again the penitus tote divisos orbe Britannos, then, there is nothing for it but to begin by prohibiting the growth of corn at home during the next five years, and so recover the heart of the ground before we throw down the gauntlet. The currency fallacies are chiefly verbal, and arise from the distastefulness of the inquiry. Members of Parliament refuse to study what " bores" their consti tuents—the press avoids it—above all it is Arabic to the reporters, and now that Parliament has made itself dictator, that the reported debates are our laws, and that most of the speeches must be re-written to make them readable, this aversion is a serious evil. Hence arose the failure of Mr. T. Attwood, who besides had some unexplained reasons for being obscure. The cur rency will never be understood, till the daily press con descends " to popularize the discussion and put the many-headed au fait. Why do not the learned oftener avail themselves of this power ? Unless the editors had a peculiar talent of justice, and great freedom from egotism, they could not conduct their papers a month : their " all- sidedness" does not imply both-sidedness ; they see too much of human errors, as Walpole said from his own experience, not to be warned and guided by the sad spectacle. The metals being stationary in amount, are inapplicable to the domestic transactions of a reading and writingpopu lation so rapidly augmenting. Pecchio or Adam Smith knew nothing of bank-notes as a "universal solvent." Sup pose they had written before the discovery of Mexico, their principles, so far as money is concerned, would have been superseded by that event: suppose again that productiveness of mines had no bounds, and that the metals were limited to a single nation—still more would their teaching as to these particular points have been superseded. Nor is this a gratuitous unsupported theory; our English currency from 1797 was wonderfully pros perous till 1819, when the Bank began to " keep its securities even," at which time the direst distress com menced and remains to this hour. There is also a still longer experience among the Jews: inventors of the bill of exchange, they have always maintained a credit cur rency or paper money. We believe a veil to be on their hearts as to certain subjects, they must surely think a veil is on our minds as to the uses of money; we act as if money was an atmosphere whose composition cannot be changed, they consider it as a receiver, whose contents may be modified—yet no one pretends to say their wealth is fictitious, or only of yesterday. The Scotch keep no specie, the Jews reserve it for dealings with strangers. 1. Among the verbal fallacies put forth on this subject of _ is the word " convertibility," i mplying notes at will of the holder, the effect of ri which must be Peel con that they will seldom be converted, bu t com pelled us to-convert them against our about was th t j` irredeem e butt of his eharacteristic pleasantry able paper " and again " a few more or o a u few less one pound notes "—these last and half-pound notes being_ t the only medium commensurate wit h the exigencypf he case. 2. In the word " depreciation" there is a double am- phibclogie : in fairness the word should mean what it is supposed to mean—the fall in value of certain securities or promises to pay , but i t is used without previous no tice, by some writers determined to muddle the subject in order to conceal their own position, in the different sense of an increased total fund of money, which of course lowers the value of any sum in purchase, or in other words raises prices. It is also used as implying bad faith in the subscribers of the promise to pay, or a to tal absurdit y in the whole affair —as in Poyais bonds. It is recorded that a certain king ma d e silver to be in his dominions as stones ;we may next imagine another king calling stones silver, and passing them as such. The first instance of depreciation is as great a blessing as can well befal a country, the second represents the base coin circulated by Austria in her Italian dominions —or the French assignats, founded on biers na tionaux—originally the flimsiest of all properties and which, after the assignats being issued, were re confiscated over and over again, by the ephemeral go vernments of France. No moral confidence ever attached to the assignata—no moral discredit ever attached for a moment to one pound notes—nobody can deny that every acre of England was fairly pledged to redeem them ; the only objection was that they could not be exported ; and people reasouiag as usual that all w hi c h was ac td in France was to be done in England—because England is not France, plausible Cobbett, and still More plausible Mr. Peel, confounded the small notes with the assignats. By withdrawing these in 1821, he made such an ovethrow of trade and silver, that the Sycee silver began from that very moment to leak out, and our celestial statesmen are still in agony to keep it at home without relieving'in dustry by concession of any Mandarin perquisites what ever. 3. In various " city articles" the word " accommo dation " is used as if all extension of currency were owing to some such cause ; but accommodation, consi dered as the transactions of two or more persons, one of whom, A, has nothing to trade on but the promises of B, and he nothing but the promises of A, being the worst enemy of reaCbanks, can be allowed only by imita tions of banks, and can never swell the currency except for a moment, being the very antipodes of credit, which keeps money in circulation, and without which business cannot go on at all. 4. But thi- greatest currency-fallacy of all rests in the word "•eapansion." There may be presumption in a mere " occasiTal reporter " seeking to make such a subject as this .9ttractive. I appeal to those who have taken out regular diplomas as currency doctors, whether such an acievemedt isnet 'difficult enough to task their utmost powers. AriSe ye few who to a mercantile edu cation have added a lowe study of general principles, and a profound conviction that all' legislation will prove worse than useless while these contempl a ti ons are omitted,!.. To Imaketill greater contraction recommended, to see the t blame of. increasing and interminable distress laid on sivollen currency; and this last ascribed to accom modation; is too' painful. Sight'so - deformed what heart of man can bear ? These gentry entirely con ceal the . pbvious,. klistinetiou between expansions de manded by , the trading public " for business and for return,' which never can be tod'great, which require, care to make - them' sufficient ; and et pensions on temporary, , teapiicious grounds, as, pur chase, of dead weight and' negroes, or mortgages, or accommOdation, the receivers of Which must either pay the money, bury it, or lose it, and then the Directors say, as they did in 1832, " The spirit of speculation, is abroad, and don't think proper to encourage it." The privite'batiks are; simply branches of the Bank of England, attcl . the *Wok machine is accurately contrived to depress indiistry r , :. ,Xycii:the City bankers . - principally have to do with money-mongers; at all events, the great banks about Temple-bar and the " West-end" have no eonneXion-WilatesWiteith industry. 'Devoted servants of landholders i apdifundholders, they are steadily pursuing a design foundect in the vast enhancement of mortgages at-- - presee, l io ''itpplant the former in possession of whole counties. Identical is the policy of the Bank, which acknowledges that mercantile paper is the very worst security for them to hold ; waging moreover an inter necine war against all establishmenti which, like the Scotch and French banks, exist for trade and industry. You never see a notice that on account of distress among manufacturers, " the governor is ready to ad vance money on approved bills." The qudterly no tices merely enable the bankers to do civil things by their customers, and support the idle market till the dividends are paid on the overgrown trust properties. The great plan or charter of directors is this : they thought theta overnment thought they ought to keep their securities even,and now the Government cannot think how they came to think any such thing; but while this notions remains, all the securities coming in by quarterly notice, must be sub tracted from the issues "for business and for return." Take the simplest case of that right sort of money—that plenty of circulating money which constitutes plenty of profit, ex tending itself to every spiracle of society, and not that redundance of buried money mis-called capital, which indicates paucity of transactions—while wealth accumulates and men decay. Suppose a ship in the coasting trade, ready to weigh anchor, but re quiring some advances on the security of the whole cargo. The bank, on which the country banks depend, refuses to discount and does all in its power to destroy the property, which of course is worthless if not ex ported, and thus ruin the shippers, whereas the number of securities held by the bank, ought to be precisely the number of transactions of this stamp, and the more the better. The same case must often occur with regard to expensive machinery standing still for want of materials. The'money discounted would be turned and repaid,—the advantage would transpire to the villages around, and the blessing of him that is ready to perish would rest on the beneficent power but the bank, prodigal to rich men and their rich bankers, must keep its securities even, and has no discounts to spare for starving Walsall or vulgar Blackburn. It is scarce possible to imagine a sum so small that might not, if thus applied, make the dif ference between contentment and death. It is like the sick man, described by a poet as perishing amidst un bounded wealth for want of eightpence --Sume hoc ptisananum oryzte!--' Quanti, inquis ?—Parvo.—Quantiergo ?-octus,ibus.—Shea And the wretch is found dead—at his loom. 5. We are constantly informed that such and such causes derange the currency, but no idea is attached to the phrase : the only "derangement" is insufficiency, uncertainty, and misapplication. The excuse is, that when symptoms appear in Mark-lane or the exchanges, general distress must be artificially produced, in order that foreigners may be led to take our cheapened ex ports. Undoubtedly deficient currency keeps prices down, and a sudden contraction of that deficient cur rency compels the manufacturers to sell at a " tremen dous sacrifice," but it is incredible that foreigners should take goods they do not want, because they ato something cheaper—cheap 'enough, however, to ruin the manufacturer—or refuse what they require because dear enough to . keep the mills going. That plenty of money in the true _sense gives an ins pulse to trade no one 'denies ; this must produce competition, and the supply must press on the limits of foreign demand so as either to prevent prices being so high that foreigners will not buy—or to raise them abroad. It is not by cheating industry, but by encou raging it, that we shall undersell all competitors and yet raise prices every where ; Accordingly Mr. Levett, in his petition to Congress, stated that the Americans did not wish for cheap goods from us, but for a cessation of ex clusion. In all the ludibrious panics which have oc curred, as soon as the Bank was frightened and became liberal, the exchanges turned because trade revived; but the selling-off plan always fails, and this appears to have struck the candid side of Sir B. Peel's mind, who ob served that in 1838 the exports increased, but the gold had to be sent after them to balance the trade. _ _ 6. There is another miserable fallacy about what is called " the little shilling." The total existing gold and silver having altered in their supply and demand, the sovereign is now worth about 21s. If the sovereign is kept at 205., some nameless person is to carry off the odd shilling, or the clippings of the sovereign. The same effect of obtaining a more level standard or legal tender would be obtained by enlarging the shilling (or silver bars) and keeping the sovereigns as they are, if a single reason or precedent existed for it. 'When the same event occurred in the reign of Elizabeth, Bacon and Coke advised that the silver money should be kept as it was, and the gold coin either lowered in value or raised in denomination. The Ame ricans did the same thing before 1834, and very wisely, lowering the gold eagle to its silver value. But it is a curious fact demonstrated by Mr. M. Attwood, before the Agricultural Committee of Lords, in 1836, that the Peel Committee potently believed gold to be the cheap est of the two metals, and adopted it as standard and le gal tender for that very reason. Yes the real (public) motive of the change, the star of the house of Peel, was in deed and in truth neither more nor Less thah the little shilling itself. " Thrift, thrift, Horatio !" Besides this, they had a nebulous sort of inkling that all fixed incomes, such as places, sinecures, rents in parti cular, and the 30,000,000 of dividends, would rise in value they dared not think or say how much. By acci dent they adopted the metal totally unfit for standard, and, contrary to their intention, the scarcest of the two, 7. There is some ambiguity in the very term currency Four-penny pieces would appear currency, yet they were hoarded. The old pasteboard " exchequers" are a sort of currency, about as inconvenient as wooden tallies. Gold is hw ail s ill, currency, but hoarded gold is not. Stocks are not cur rency, but coupons of the debt paying daily interest, or Royal bonds or debentures would be a most popular cur rency, so mu?h so that all notes of 501. and upwards ought to have some such form. The 1,0001 notes pass ing in the neighbourhood of the bank are not currency. Abank in Scotland is a sort of clearinghouse between receivers and employers of money, and the deposits are perhaps the more active part of the circulation. The differences require a quantity of small notes, that best of having no . salaries all currencies , which stopped the panic of 1825, but it would be murderous to let the supply of these depend on a corporation like ours, self-elected, for lose—no interest in hank-stock —no assignable motive but their own restless schemes. Is fecit eni prodest. We might as well centralise tea-dealing, and give the and Miller k uutnao, - ,enient to the first score of tea-dealers one met iu the street. But for the monetary system in the north, whose anwins' contrac tion--" m ay truce a little farther the miseries of twieculTraiiiTtYretatilineZtliPlatZ) t i on -4 , That various, complicated symptom is enough to kill:. From 1800 every to 1808 the quantities of our annual exports, barbarously called t heir " official value," remained stationary, and the cut rency,pricc still more barbarously called their " real v alue, ' remained stationary al s o. Again, 1819 the exports increased as from from 1808 to 22 to 41, almost dou bled, and the currency price millions. This rise in rose from 36 millions to 45 currency value, however insuffi cient, was owing to th e country banks and small notes. In 1819 Logic came into power; from that year to 1833 the quantities of annual x f portsincreased as from 41 to 64, but the currency value e the . mass went back to the same sum as in 1808, namely, l millions. Since that time the joint-stock bank s and 3 an increased quantity of bills ofexchange . ~.. ~ have rushed into the vacuum, in spite of roues and " Baronites." Talk about remunerating prices ! Labour in 1808 was not a bit t3o well paid, but the total transactions and productio,ns as to exports in 1833 being almost trebled, 'Were paid for by - the same sum. Lukewarmness and mediocrity reply to all this, that we live in an a rtificial society--that things find their level and that if the artizan received a shilling for three times the work, that shilling would go three times as far. This is s not true. The situation of a person who h shilling's:worth, who is worth a shilling, is not so good as if he could get a shilling whe n he chose. When tradesmen complain that money is scarce, they s peak b naturally and philosophically, as I have s h ow n above. But the great hardship—one which historians will re fuse to believe, is, that the fixed numeracy engagements of this country in their inconceivably high amount, are changed in the same ratio. In round numbers tax ation is fifty millions annually ; ten of these millions go to a peace -establishment army, ten only to the navy, the State, and th e beloved S ov ereign (who receives a much smaller proportion of her subjects' earnings than any other Monarch) —the remaining thirty millions go to fundholders. Suppose the annual debt equivalent to the exports of 1808 (which is true within five millions), then, the same fixed and fatal sum of thirty millions EVENING SUN now rvresents very near three times as much wealth, if measured by any fair standard ; three times the toil and moil—three times the cark and care—the wear and tear of mind and body, :and all this again multiplied by that vast negative co-efficient, the loss of hope which is life—dolendi modus ; timendi'tion item, --- But besides the Debt, there are the other taxes; -- all bill and book debts, rents of house and land (except the few intelligent landlords . who adopt the system of mezzadria or metairi, that is, -rents ad valorem), all these, measured by the excellent test Of manu factured goods, arc nearly trebled in pressure and in cost since 1808. It is a_ well-known postulate nr axiom, that if transactions and produce are increased, for instance doubled, and the total fund of currencyin the same district remains'the same, any nominal sum as "ten shillings" or " fifty pound " becomes equivalent to twice as many goods as at the former period, all.contraets are disturbed, all rents, taxes, and what is worst, all debts— impossible to be paid. If production remains the same, and currency is halved, the same effect arises. The facts above-mentioned as to the quantities and . currency prices of onr exports, make the first of these proposi tions visible to the senses. The other case actually hap pened in America—in 1836, the President Jackson de claring that he would punish and ruin the banks for voting against hitn at his own election, eliminated . their notes from circulation . by the famous specie order ; the year before this piratical exploit the mass'of English exports to America, equivalent to our imports from thence, was worth 78 million dollars, the year after 44 millions. In this case also, the converse of ours, any fixed denomination of money represented a vast deal more goods before the change than after. If any Ame rican owed 44 dollars in 1836, he owed 78 in 1837. It happens hourly that a debtor is absolved on paying 10s. in the pound, but who ever heard of a creditor saying— Pay me twice what you owe the ? John Bull pays his debt,—and such a debt'—three times over. To return to the ease of America. Being obliged to eke out their depreciated goods with gold, they looked as usual to England, and by means of the Corn trade, primary source of all supercherie, found what they wanted, the relative value of gold coins favouring the business. Among the unpleasaut popular sayings about that craft is found a curious tradition—the famine ex pected never comes. Why ? Because it is a forestaller's famine ; yet about 1838 the directors were • determined, by whit they called symptoms of bad harvest, 'say rather by signals from forestallen, working on their sliding scale, to lay is an extra. stock of - gold. Strange to say, the famine never came; and it• was thought " a good spe culation tosend the gold to Ameaica," several Anglo - American merchants then in great jeopardy, having been made directors. This supply enabled Americato balance her own foreign trade with our • dry, money ; but we were compelled to go to Paris and sue in forgia pauperig for a little gold. Formerly the bank .;affixted to take symptoms from: the foreign exeltaners,,,:but.of late years entirely irons •Mark-Etne. It may . Ce-assumcil:that when the great exchange Ines-chants -or -loan dealers', place themselves on the " house list" they do so in order to have all the great disturbing forces with them. Some have retrieved their , afthirs thus, but fourtovernorS have been bankrupt. The magnitude of their: private lasi, ness creates a duty of self-preservation, a . sort of state necessity incapable. of remorse, they .myitily , the public as to our contracted and perfidious currency, the more rare money is, the more capriciouS' its dk, tribution, the better for them. The two markets have this in common, that when either money or corn are much wanted, the profit of with holding either till it is too late is immense. IV,en the medium is contracted by a demand of gold for ex portation, the bank takes the opportunity of selling securities and of refusing- discounts- o- bOot. So when the corn-dealers begin engrossing and regrating, • they also hire the Press, and also work the averages by fic titious sales. When they let go this triple cord, a glut arises which falsifies all leases except the above men tioned rents ad valorem, Remembering what is very plain, that the consumption _of bread. cannot with the best intentions be much diminished; if tea is dear, people may drink coffee—if indigo, they may dye other colours, but corn can be replaced by no alternative. Also, the popular mind is dreadfully busy on this point, more even than on points of faith, both being questions of existence here and hereafter. Also, a farmer is essentially a cal culator, and easily induced by rumours of improving prices—heavy rain in Hertfordshire, thunder-storm in July, authenticated by a newspaper high-mixed for his peculiar taste, to keep his corn and take the chances. All this puts the corn-trade on a strange footing. Not longbefore the memorable correspondence—" Pri• vete and confidential—dear Htiskisson—no mistake," the I)uke of Wellington in the House of Lords put up as head and front that " the trade in bonded corn was one of great importance from the capital risked." And what is this capital ? Every body knows that men about town invest their loose money as deposits on time bargains in corn, assisting the merchants to raise prices till duty falls, and senio r .; the ill,got ten store before duty rises again ; it is not unposible that a deputation of gentlemen from the Miller and his llcn.had waited on -his Grace that morning. In the Money Market his presence was still more unlucky fur us. Colonel Napier, narrating the Peninsular Campaign of 1812, says—" These statements tore in pieces the Ministers' pitiful pretext of want of specie :" and • 1)r. Southey—`..o money (gold of course) had been had for three niontlis : he shuddered when he wrote home so often and in vain,—Gurwood mil- lies repetita." These large appropriations to the military chest secured the best information, but were distinctly the cause of our present difficulties, as they led to that phenomenon of-depreciated paper, so ill-considered and misunderstood. The conveyance of specie to such a shameless extent would have ruined any country Where real credit, true confidenee, fervid, combined industry were less universal. The Ministers of that day under military tuition, believed it would ruin trade and leave the oligarchy without rivals ; so did Pitt and all the Pittites ; but in reality it merely affected the nominal exchanges, and inconvenienced particular branches in a degree hardly perceptible. Mr. Peel, in 1819, chose to attribute the awe or paper - depreciation, not to military chests all the world over, subsidized by. credulous Eng land, but to a suspension of cash payments, nine years before the commencement, of depreciation ; like Mrs. Thrale, who, when accused by Dr. - Johnson of unfeelir4 behaviour, said she had dropped a tear. "Yes, madam ; - said he, " but in the meantime you ate tune larks?' The cash suspension. of 1797 placed England in the finest possible light. There - was hot 'much in the real character of the French to justify the frenzy which prevailed, nor much in Queen Charlotte, her Court and family, excepting the Dukes, of Kent and Sussex, to justify such enthusiastic confidence, but never did the splendida bilis act more Wisely. The one pound note drove home the guinea. Mr. D'lsraeli, one of the subtlest minds now living, declared that convertibility was a question of foreign exchange only. The suspen sion of cash was the effect of political extravagance, and never can be necessary unless for our sins a second Pitt should arise; still, though brought to it by an absurdity, it did us great positive good,. by setting free the metals for their only real use here—foreign exportations but the expense of campaigning and the waste of war, con veying the.small quantity wanted for that purpose and for fractional issues, produced some degree of inconvenience. The depreciation, as we. have seen above, commenced at least nine years atter cash suspension. Three years after depreciation had - ceased, when the Bank was ob taining any quantity of gold -with perfect ease, Mr. Peel made one of his great speeches. The currency was de ranged, therefore lie could set. it right ; the prosperity of the war was fictitous, therefore it was time to do some thing Never finding it necessary to examine his logical premises, provided Ins • conclusion • is ialitode et figura, h e thought it "a fair object of ambition for a p u bli c man" to drive out the small.. : note; which had fed and clothed us , a nd carried us thro ugh the war, the thing b e i ng plausible at the Moment, bec aus e C o bb e t t h a d written them clown in the Register with at lettst as mu ch know l e dge and candour, the time chosen being the worst, because the mines were not working, and other nations had taken the same fancy into their heads,- The attempt was afterwards made in Scotland, but resisted in a most determined way by fir W. Scott, whose letters, under the name of Malagrowther, 1826, are not the least excel lent part of his works. Your valuable space will not allow any further obser vations. I remain, Sir; 81e. November, 1841. ARGENT. DESTRUCTIVE FIRE AT SOMERS-TOWN.-7- Between ten and eleven o'clock on Friday night the vi cinity of Son crs-Town became suddenly a scene of ex citement and confusion by a dreadful fire breaking out in Chariton-street, New-road, which burnt furiously for nearly two hours, and occasioned considerable destruc tionis of property, and also greatly damaged seyerailelhioi thee in the neighbourhood. The premises in flames commenced were tenanted by Mr. Stephenson,file vest side greeer - and tea-dealer, No. 114, situate on The A alarm was of Charlton -street, near the New-ron. by the ''h raised by an inhabitant of the sticet t p a s sin gl e vi° , and smoke premises, observed a great light in tohr. shop, Fortunately the issuing from the fanlight over the in do ful, and by half-past eleven (i k supply of water from the the adjoining houses, fire were stopped from reac h ing plugs, _ oc. the th s e t r e ravageset wa s boo theti - er occupied by Mr. E. No. 113 and No. 113, the 0_ Stephenson premises are the All that remains of Mr. f, the interior being all but by M i r li Parkington, tobacconist. Callicott, and the latter walls and a portion of the O r n ou at the time of the discovery and was unable to account for of the fire was at a single,theatre, and destroy and when he left do t its origin. lie was a • at half-past nine oclock , an premises of the flames, the place. ap peareded. Mr. Steplici4 hour before the outbreak l . insured in the Phoenix F' building,ire which is the property of a gen tlemanoffice, and the the neighbourhood, is insur d in the Royal living in Royal Exchange-office. a seizure for perfectly safe. 1 e . SEIZURE FOR EASTER DUES.---On Saturday the Rev. W. Busfield, the Rector last the houses of Mr. David Weatherhead,. grocer, and M r . W. Rhodes, milk vender, Keighley, were entered by purpose of making Easter Dues. They took a table and a mahoga n y desk from Mr. Weatherhead's, and an eight day clock ofth three men appointed t t e l d i aby from Rhodes'. This being the first event of the kind which ever took place in the town, (the late Rector only collecting the dues of Church people) it created a great . sensation, and on Tuesday the walls • were covered with placards of the most scurrillous description. Notice of the sale of the siezed goods was given for Thursday, - at one o'clock, and at that hour an immense assemblage had congregated in the Market Place. When the goods were brought out they were all broken to pieces before they could be got through the crowd and hadp beput up for sale in frag ments, amid the hootings'• of the assembled multitude. They were ultimately sold for a few s hillings, a suns not sufficient to pay expenses. Th e mo b then proceeded to the Rectory, to groan their disapprobation, and when our correspondent's letter left, bad again assembled in the Market - place. -- Leeds Ti mes .. S u mmonses were i ssued on Friday night for hold ing a Cabinet Council at the Foreign-office this day, at ' three o'clock. r~ •etL lei; ,tet. ee l , of ot • r • i 0 ?r°o;