The Sun. — London, England, 1867-06-18 00:00:00

the representation of co unties. In takin g 45 members fancied rivalries between counties and towns, which I think: from small boroughs, we are not, as the h o n. m e mber for a disorganising political principle—(cheers) —are you to say Wick says, taking them from towns, but from counties. "I will take the 300,000 or the 350,000 people in Somer- We are, at any rate , depr i v in g the counties of 34 members setshire, who have already four members, and divide them who indirectly represent them under the existing system. and give them six members, and leave Liverpool with two It is not right for thehon. gentleman to contrast Binning - representatives ?" This is the way to provoke irritation ham, with its two members, with some small town with its in the country and keep up the festering sense of injustice two members. We might as well compare some large which becomes so inconvenient a t ti mes , and which is sure, sooner or later, and the sooner the better, to find a coun ty with two members with some small county with remedy for itself in a country which, like this, exists under the same number. You have the county of Durham with free institutions. (Hear, hear.) But if we want an argu which the population, though considerable, is not so large two members. There are four boroughs in that county in meat to confute the right hon. gentl e man, what reply does ho make to the precedent he has himself given in the case as that of the county, and they are represented by eight members. (Conservative cheers.) The hon. gentleman of Glasgow ? He asks us in the ca se o f Gl as gow to give t very candidly informed us what object he had in bringing three representatives where now th ere are on ly two ; and forward this measure. Although he did not ask the corn- at the same time lays it down as a principle, that in the mittee to adopt cumulative voting, he has told he Las case of Manchester and Liverpool the numb e r of two repre brought this forward as a preparation for that. If the sentatives is to be stereotyped, and no increase whatever, house is in favour of cumulative voting and the represents- under any circumstances, admitt e d. (Ch eers .) It must tion of minorities, they ought to support the hon. mem be recollected that the anomaly i s ver y muc h gre ater even her. (Hear, hear.) The op : nion of Government is not than it appears; because althou g h if y ou t a k e the census iu that direction. They are opposed to cumulative of 1861, with the figures of 440,000 both for Liverpool and Soinersetshire, the figures in Liverpool h ave i n creased long voting and the representation of minorities as unfea before this far past 500,000, and w ill i ncrease p ro b a bly a t Bible and fantastic schemes. I will not enter into their reasons at present, but will give thorn when the time tho rate of 20,000, or 30,000, or 40,000 a y ear f ur th e time to come, thereby necessitatin g some measure t o b e t a k en comes. We look upon the issue to-night as ono of deep importance. The hon. gentleman has said that if at an early day, unless we mak e a t l eas t sonic mod rate the bill be passed as it is agitation will recommence as if provision now in acknowl e d gmen t o f c l a i ms so vas t . Th e agitation was really the normal condition of Englishmen. inequality is still further to be aggravated by the proposi (Hear, hear.) It is very easy to say all this, but the ques- Lion of the right hon. gentl eman t o en l arge th e b oun d ar i es tion at issue is of great weight. Everything depends upon of Liverpool in proporti on t o th e extens i on o f th e it, and if the house determines to adopt the amendment of town ; so that unless we a d o pt th e mo ti on o f m y h on . friend we shall be greatly ag grava ti ng th e i nequa lity an d the hon. member it will entirely change the principle on which the opinions of the people of England have hitherto injustice already existing. {Hear, hear.) lam not willing been upon the whole accurately ascertained. We are told to detain the house at a ny l eng th , an d st ill l ess, i n stat i ng it is absolutely necessary that the representation of those my strong opinion of the nece ss ity o f suc h a mo ti on , t o cities should be increased on account of the heavy duties enter upon topics which m i g ht seem t o re fl ec t upon any that devolve upon their representatives. Therefore we portion of this house, or upo n th e h ouse it se lf. Th e f a i r wa y ought to have, as the hon. member has stated, six members is to consider all that has bee n d one i n f ormer ti mes res t s for Manchester. Ido not agree with that theory. I think on the responsibility of the h ouse it se lf. B u t d o no t l e t us two members would do much better. We all know pro- deal with the question of redi s t r ib u ti on as we d ea lt w ith th e verbially what is the effect of too many artists. (Laugh- question of the franchise. Wh a t was th e hi s t ory o f t h e ques ter.) I see the hon. member for the Tower Hamlets (Mr. tion? It was moderate dem an d s , i n th e fi rs t i ns t ance , de sAyrton), who represents a population much more consider- dined and refused; wide an d sweep i ng d eman d s, i n t h e l as t able, and I never heard him complain of having too much instance, at length, under some apparent sense of necessity, work. (Laughter.) I never heard his constituents corn- conceded. (Hear, hear.) If we propose a plan of redis plain of his neglecting their interests. It is much easier tribution wholly inadequat e t o th e necess iti es o f th e case, for a member to ascertain what are the wants of a large lot us beware, lest by adh er i ng t o th e un d ue narrowness o f than to meet the requirements of the scattered population our present schemes and conceptions, we bring about, as of a large county. Some of the counties are sixty or we did in the case of the franchise, a necessity for greatly seventy miles long. The northern end may be a plain, the extended change, and are some day surprised by the an population at the southern end may live among hills. nouncement that nothing remains but to launch at once There are different industries, different feelings, therefore into electoral districts. (Cheers.) Last year, in the bill one member is not sufficient. lam of opinion that the which we introduced, and in respect to which I think no amendment of the hon. member is not founded on sound one stated that the disfranchisement was too extensive, we policy. We ought to try and supply that want which the diminished, by 49 or 50 seats, the representation of small almost universal feeling of the house thinks ought to be boroughs. In the bill of the present year it is proposed to supplied in the representation of the counties, and we ought diminish that representation only by 38 seats ; and yet we to distribute the rest of the representation among those have adopted a franchise this year so much larger than the rising urban places which have 'proved, by their inereas- franchise of last year, that the fair inference would be that ing industry and vitality, that they are entitled to repro- some extension would be necessary in the corresponding sentation in this house. Mr. GLADSTONE —I shall not attempt to reply to that portion of the speech of the right hon. gentleman which refers to cumulative voting, or that which refers to the undivided representation of great towns, because it appears to me that those questions aro wholly distinct from that raised by my hon. friend. One part of the state ment of the right hon. gentleman 1 have heard with satis faction, because it relieves me from the apprehension with which I listened to him in the earlier part of the evening, when he objected with so much vehemence to the motion of the hon. member for Wick, and when he said that if it were carried he would have to reconsider the position of the Government. That I now understand was in connec tion with cumulative voting. [CHANCELLOR of the EXCHE- QUER was understood to signify dissent.] Then am Ito understand that the position of the Government will have to be considered if we take the claims of the large towns to increased representation ? (Hear, hear.) If that be so I must retract the expression of satisfaction 1 just uttered. If her Majesty's Government think that their position as an Administration is brought into peril or into question by our determination that great and populous communities are entitled to a moderate increase of representation, such a view on the part of her Majesty's Government would be the most egregious instance upon record of straining at a gnat after swallowing a camel. (Loud cheers and laughter.) Seriously, I must claim for the house liberty to enter freely on the discussion that has been raised. This is a proposal not very novel in itself, not of wide scope, not aiming to overset general views or to change the scheme of redistribution. The house is there fore entitled to exercise its judgment on the proposal of the hon. member for Wick, unbiassed by the idea of poli tical results. (Hear, hear.) I confess I am comforted when I recollect the letter of the right hon. gentleman on the two years' residence, and his subsequent explana tion of that lett,r, which was far more wise than the letter itself ; and I trust if the judgment of the house should be in favour of my right hon. friend, the right hou. gentleman will address himself to the question whether such a change may not without inconvenience be incorporated with the scheme of the Government. I can not think, however, that zny hon. friend means that if we adopt this motion we should virtually determine that the seats to be had for large towns were to bo had by the system of grouping small boroughs. I say that, by decid ing for the motion of my hon. friend, we are bound to no method of supplying seats. It is perfectly open to recou sider the question. It is perfectly open, if you think fit, to withdraw one member from boroughs from which one has not already been taken. It is perfectly open to recon sider the plan of the right hon. gentleman to take seats from those he purposes to give. Although this is not the course I should recommend, I do think it most important it should be understood that, in expressing judgment on the motion of my hon. friend, we express no opinion as to the means of supplying members for those large towns. In saying this, I shelter myself under the authority of the Chancellor of the Exchequer, when he said, " Our first step is to consider the various claims of the population and communities to representation, and when you have ascer tained the just and true amount of those claims, then your business is to find seats in sufficient number to satisfy them." It is impossible not to take notice of the position in which the right hon, gentleman places those towns with respect to counties. It appears to me the claims of certain towns to increased representation are irre- fragable claims, irrefragable in policy, and irrefragable in principle. As my hen. friend said, you cannot settle the question of reform upon a basis of redistribution so limited and narrow as that on which we now stand ; and I deeply regret that the motion of the learned gentleman the mem ber for Portsmouth was not sustained. lam confident that no plan so narrow as to exclude the great towns from increased representation, even if it were to receive for a moment the sanction of the House, could possi bly endure for the period wo all of us wish this measure to endure. I go upon a principle ex actly opposite to that of the hon. member for Man chester (Mr. E. James), who does not wish to settle this question of reform on the ground that there will bo no thing left for this house to do. I agree with the right hon. gentleman the Chancellor of the Exchequer that agitation is not the normal state of this country, and is not to be the normal occupation of its people, and it is because I am deeply convinced of this principle that I shall end as I began in the reform discussions, by endeavouring to give a settlement with some prospect of permanence in it. Can there be a greater paradox than to say that, in a country divided into communities infinitely varying in importance, the representation is to be equal, or that it is to be limited in every case to the number of two? We havo been already compelled to depart from that principle in the case of the metropolis, and we are going to depart from it still further in that case in the present bill. Why, then, are we not to depart from it in respect to Liverpool and Man- chester ? The speech of the right hon. gentleman is good, not only for this year but for future years. He contends that in principle it is wrong to increase the representation of the great communities. Such a declaration is contrary to the reason of the case. Are not the numbers, property, and intelligence of the people determining qualities which ought to serve, in a principal degree, as the measure of the influence and weight they ought to possess in the coun cils of this house ? And if so, how is it possible to look at the case of Liverpool and Manckester—and, though I am speaking of Manchester in tie face of one of its represen tatives (Mr. James), my acquaintance with it has been as long as my hon. and learned friend's, and will perhaps con tinue as long—(laughter)—how is it possible to look at the case of these towns, and suppose that they will acquiesce in a system which reduces almost to insignificance the numerical weight of their representation ? (Hear.) The right hon. gentleman answers this by making comparisons between counties and town; and by reverting to his old fallacy of the comparative population of the two. (Hear, hear.) If the right hon. gentleman intends to found himself on the population of the counties for the purpose of comparison with the towns, he must give the counties the same extended franchise as the towns. (Hear, hear.) It is not just in logic, it is not reasonable, thus to urge the representation of counties, and to insist on popu lation for the measure of representation, in the same way as the population of the Southern States of America was under the old constitution of America taken for the scheme of distribution, so as to give to your general work measure of representation, when tho great bulk of the the character of solidity and proportion without which we cannot hope that it it will last. (llear, hear.) It appears to me that these considerations are conclusive in favour of the motion of my hon. friend ; and I regard it as an advan tage and recommendation of the motion that it will fairly introduce the discussion of the plan which the hon. mem ber for Lambeth (Mr. Hughes) means to propose, and with regard to which, without in the slightest degree giving an opinion upon it, which would bo premature, is one we must population was excluded from the franchise. It is on tho all feel deserves careful and impartial attention. (Cheers.) Lord CRANBORNE said if this motion were rejected it would preclude them from adopting the amendment for cumulative voting. Ire was in favour of giving votes to minorities. If he could not have that he should like to ground of tho general importance of the countks, and not on the fancied opposition between their interests and those have Mr. Cobden's scheme for dividing the constituencies and giving one member to each. He supported the motion because experience showed that, where there were three members, there were generally two on ono side and one on the other. On a division the motion was rejected by 247 to 239. Mr. LAING thereupon withdrew the remainder of the amendment giving two members instead of one to certain other boroughs. Mr. A. MITCHELL moved an amendment, that every borough which returns two or more members shall be di vided into the same nnmber of districts as it returns mem bers, and that each district return one member ; but after a discussion he withdrew it. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER then moved an addition to the clause constituting the parishes of Chelsea, Kensington, and Hammersmith into a borough to be called tho borough of Chelsea, and that in all future Parliaments such borough shall return two members. Mr. AYRTON moved that Fulham ba included, to of the towns that they aro entitled to an increase of re presentation. But on the ground of the gotten' import ance, Liverpool, Manchester, and other places are likewise entitled. It is no answer to plead the total representation of the towns. What does Liverpool care about the re presentation of Plymouth ? The interests of Liverpool are not promoted by the representation, and it is not fair to throw that into the balance as a make-weight to make good, when it cannot be done otherwise, a case against the claim of Liverpool to increased representation. Compare the case of Liverpool with that of the counties. Why are the 440,000 people who were in Liverpool in 18G1 to be restricted to two members, and to see the county of South Lancashire divided and 300,000 people, by a new Act of Parliament, invested with the same amount of re presentation ? But if South Lancashire may be thus appealed to, what are they to say to Somerset and Devon, and upon what intelligible principle, except that of the which the Chancellor of the Exchequer assented. A discussion ensued, in the course of which Sir M. Beach expressed an opinion that the metropolis was suffi- ciently represented already, and objected to the City hav ing four members. Mr. Crawfurd and Mr. Goschon argued that the City was fully entitled to four membars. Mr. Nowdegate suggested that it would have been better to have divided the county of Middlesex ; and tho Chan cellor of the Exchequer submitted that the City of London was entitled by prescription to its four members, and said that it they had proposed to divide Middlesex it would have been said that they wished to increase the represen tation of the landed interest. The population of Chelsea and Kensington was strictly urban, and the Government thought that representation should he given to so popu lous and wealthy a district. The clause was agreed to. In clause 12, which enacts that the Tower Hamlets shall be divided, an amendment was inserted, on the motion of the Chancellor of the Exchequer, enacting that the boroughs of Merthyr Tydvil and Salford shall return two members instead of ono in future Parliaments; but an amendment by Mr. Powell to give an additional member to Birkenhead and Swansea was negatived. A lengthened discussion then took place on successive motions by Mr. Beresford-Hope and Mr. Laing that the chairman report progress, which was negatived. On clause 15, which gives a member to the University of London, The CILINCELLOWof the EXCHEQUER moved an amendment that the University of London and the Uni versity of Durham be one constituency. Mr. CARDWELL and Mr. Goupsmie objected to this 1111 - tion of the two universities. Mr. MOWBRAY defended the amendment, on the ground that the London University was connected with colleges all over the world, and with every description of belief and non-belief. Mr. LOWE said the University of London was not en dowed. It did not educate at all; but it matriculated and examined students, and its degrees had a very high repu tation, and it had nearly three thousand graduates, many of them of tho medical profession. The University of Durham was endowed by the dean and chapter of Dur ham, and it was entirely a Church of England institution. Ho was one of a commission to examine it a few years ago, and nothing could be more painful than its state. It was insolvent ;it had only about 30 students. No insti tution could be more different in every respect. Mr. Liddell, Mr. lleadlam, and Mr. Ingham advocated the cause of Durham ; and Mr. G. Duff opposed its being joined to the University of London. A division was then taken on the question that the word "university" stand part of the clause, which was negatived by 183 to 169, which was tantamount to carrying the amendment. Mr. LOWE then, saying that the question was an lin- portant one to the University of London, and that the division had not been expected to come on so soon, moved that the Chairman report progress, but the motion was negatived by 196 to 111. The discussion on adjournment was continued for some time longer, and in the course of it Mr. Denman strongly protested against so great an institution as the University of London being joined to so miserable au institution as the University of Durham. Eventually it was agreed to report progress, and further proceeding was accordingly adjourned until this day. The other orders were then disposed of, and the house adjourned at 23 minutes past one. Medburst's Furling Apparatus. MEDHURST'S invention for reefing and furling topsails will be practically tried by the brigantine Louisa, on her voyage from London to Cape Coast Castle--a test which cannot fail to interest all nau tical men. The value of topsails above all other sails is known even to landsmen. They are the first set, the last furled ; they spread to the wind most can vas, and therefore mainly propel ; reduced to the smallest dimensions, they are those in which the sailor places his final trust. The topsails are still conspicuous with everything set that can draw. Studdingsails, skysails, and even royals, are mere gimcracks, that may in fine weather help a little. As the breeze increases, rising from its moans and sighs in the rigging into a roar, topsails come more prominently into play, and the gale must have passed from a roar into a shriek, if a close reefed rnaintopsail is not still visible. However rotten may be the canvas of other sails, no owner will send a ship to sea without a good set of topsails, and no captain will approach a stormy coast without bending his best suit. The easiest process for reducing these sails has tasked the brains of scientific navigators. If the statistics of lives lost at sea were given it would be known how largely the proportion ,was swelled by the fall of sailors from the topsail-yard. To tie down reef points on a dark night, the ship pitching in a heavy sea, with hands numbed in the driving sleet, and everything wet and s!ippery, is so dis agreeable and dangerous a task that landsmen won der how men can be found to undertake such risks. By an American inven . on the sail was TB E SUN, LOIN DON, T ETES IIA Y EVENING, JUN E 18, 1867. divided, and double topsails introduced. This enabled the commander to reduce at once half the and by the smaller dimensions of the canvas mare easily to handle it, but it added an extra yard ad th all its gear and weight to the mast, thus at tai fling an advantage at a considerable cost. Hitherto the most successful inventions to overcome the diffi culty were one of CUNNINGHAM, and another of GOLLING and PINKNEY. The first rolls the canvas on the topsail-yard, which revolves as it is lowered. But the sail requires a bonnet or middle cloth. This patent has generally been adopted, and the immense advantages derived have been freely acknowledged by nautical men. The disad vantages are, however, obvious. The middle cloth weakens the sail, and the apparatus being all on the topsail yard brings the weight high up where the ship is less able to bear it. When a crank ship, strts•_:k by a squall heels over, the halyards on being " let go" may not act, and therefore in the worst emergency CUNNINGHAM'S invention may fail. By MEDHURST'S plan the sail reefs at the foot, and no middle cloth is required. The pro cess can be continued till the whole is rolled up, therefore, it furls as well as reefs. Its action is independent of any position of the ship, and there fore acts under all circumstances. As the weight is at the foot of the topsail instead of at the head, the ship gains in the case given. The Army and Navy Gazette thus speaks of this invention : " When the sail is set, and it is required to he reefed, it is only necessary to slack away or let go the topsail halyards; the weight of the yard will in general produce the rotation of the roller, and thereby reef the sail ; but should the yard refuse to come down, as may be the case when the ship is laying over, it will then be necessary to haul on the down haul tackle, which is fitted to the bight of the reefing chains. When the sail is close reefed and has to be furled, a hand must then be sent aloft to take out the pin from the clasp and hook the traveller. The traveller referred to takes charge of the Tad on its leaving the parral, and prevents it from swaying about during the time the sail is being furled, or in setting a close-reefed topsail, in which case also care must be taken to have the whip. line made fast on deck to prevent the parral from rising, until the pin referred to above is in the clap, the yard is then parraled, and the sail may be set. Having explained the working of this in vention, and set forth the principal advantages of the same, I will now proceed to describe the mode of trussing and slinging the lower yard. By de parting from the old plan, and adopting the arrange ment shown in the model, I am enabled to remove the one great difficulty; that is, the stay, by shifting which I can reduce the height of the goosenecks, and apply the intermediate supports to the rollers which render the reefing apparatus complete and applic able to large ships. Leaving the reefing apparatus, I wish to offer a few remarks on the new mode of trussing and slinging the lower yard, which in my opinion offers advantages where the reefing ap paratus is not used, as it admits of the topmast being struck without having to unrig the lower yard, and, as will be seen, the lower yard can be braced up easier, consequently a saving of labour in both cases is effected. It must also be borne in mind that the most expensive part of the fore or mainstay is dispensed with, which also effects a saving of material and labour. As regards the iron -work, it is composed of two separate forgings, very simple and very strong, the par ticular shape of which may be modified as circum stances may require. The advantages of MEDHURST'S invention over that of COLLING and PINKNEY'S will seem apparent, for the following obvious reasons. In MEDHURST'S invention the apparatus for reefing is arranged and fixed to the lower yard, so as to give a fair lead to the reefing chains clear of all rigging, with perfect control over the rotary power. CALLING and PINKNEY'S apparatus is arranged on the topsailyard, the whole weight of which bas to be hoisted in setting the sail, which is not only very laborious, but places a vast amount of extra weight aloft. As regards the reefing chains they have not a fair lead, and do not work clear of the rigging; the general complaint is, that they break the topmast crosstrees and chafe the topmast rig ging, also the clews of the topgallant-sail ; and, what is of more consequence than all, they cannot depend on reefing the sail quickly, having only an indirect control over the rotary power. The advantages of MEDHURST'S invention over CUN NINGHAM'S may be briefly summed up as fol lows : The weight of MEDIIURST'S apparatus is all at the foot of the topsail, it is self-reef ing and self-furling, and does not require a bonnet or middle-cloth, the sail being whole. In CUN NINGIIAM'S, the apparatus for reefing is on the top sail yard, and so arranged that the yard itself can revolve and thereby reef the sail, but not furl it—that must be done by the hands going aloft in the ordinary way. The sail has a bon net, or middle cloth, which is always getting out of order, by which many sails have been split and ruined. As regards the weight aloft, it is about the same as COLLING and PINKNEY'S." If philanthropists were in the habit of going to sea, and could themselves be spectators of what sailors are called upon to endure in handling this, the main stay of a ship, they would take a deeper in terest in the subject, and it is not likely that in such an age of invention, AIEDHURST'S contrivance should only be discovered and tested in the year 1867. Nor would it, when known, be practically tried on a little brigantine, carrying a cargo of " notions" to the pestilential coast of Africa. The subject should be ventilated by the Press ; for it concerns more nearly the comfort of sailors, the dangers to which they are exposed, and even the safety of ships, than landsmen are generally aware of.— Anglo-Anieriean Times. Naval and Military Intelligence. Yesterday Aldershott camp was honoured by a visit from the Prince of Wales, the Prince and Princess Louis of Hesse, and Prince Arthur, when a grand review of all the troops in garrison took place. As announced in The Sun yesterday, the proposed visit of their Royal Highnesses was announced by a " Divisional After-Order" on Saturd4 night. The scene of the review was to have been Caesar's Camp, but yesterday morning this was countermanded, and the Long Valley chosen. The troops formed on their various parades at an early hour, and shortly after 9 o'clock were marching across the common to the scene of the review in the Long Valley. There they were formed up diagonally across the valley and facing the north, the Royal Horse Artillery, five batteries mounting 30 guns, being on the right of the line, the Military Train being in the rear, the cavalry brigade next, two field batteries of Royal Artillery next, then the Engineers, and, lastly, the three brigades of infantry, the second being on the left. The troops were massed in columns in this position, the width of the valley not allowing 10 thelloNviilgofth the regiments forming line. By half-past regi ments were in position, and the order was given to the cavalry and artillery to dismount and the infantry to " stand at ease." At 11 o'clock Lieut.-Gen. the Hon. Sir J. Y. Scarlett, K.C.8., commanding the division, arrived, attended by a brilliant staff. The General and staff having placed themselves in front in centre of the line, awaited the arrival of the Royal visitors, but at the same moment the escort which had been provided (a troop of the 15th Hussars) rode on to the field and joined the regiment, causing many to imagine that the Royal party were not coming. llowever, in a few minutes they were observed riding slowly over the common towards the troops. Arrived in front of the line a Royal salute was given, the troops presenting arm.; and the bands playing the National Anthem. The Royal party consisted of the Prince of Wales, the Prince Arthur, Prince and Princess Louis of Hesse, the Duke of Cambridge, Conimanding-in-Chietf, and his Serene highness the Prince 'Peck. The Prince of Wales, who wore the uniform of Colonel of the 10th Hussars, was attended by General Sir Win. Knollys, K.C.8., Lieut.-Col. Keppel, Equerry, and Col. Kingscote. In attendance on Prince Arthur were Major Elphinstone and Capt. Pickard ; on her Royal Highness the Princess Louis of Ilesse, the Countess of Westmoreland and Lady Emily Kings cote ; on Prince Louis of llesse, the Baron von Westerweiler ; and on the Duke of Cambridge, Col. Charles Tyrwhitt and Col. the Hon. R. W. P. Curzon,C.B., Lieut.-Gen. Lord W. Paulet, K.C.8., Adjt.-Gen., and Lieut.-Gen. Sir Hope Grant, Quar termaster-Gen., were also present. The Royal party having inspected the various regiments by riding up the front and down the rear of the line, took up their position at the saluting point for the march past, his Royal Highness the Commander-in- Chief taking command of the division. The divi sion marched past, the cavalry and Royal Artillery and the field batteries in open column of squadrons and batteries at a walk, and the infantry in open colurns of grand divisions in quick time in the fol lowing order :—Staff of the Division—Col. Newdi gate, Assist.-Adjutant-Gen., and Col. Herbert, C. 8., Assist.-Quartermaster-Gen. ; Lieut.-General the Hon. Sir James Yorke Searlett, K.C.8., com manding the division. Staff of the Cavalry Brigade Major-General E. C. Hodge, C. 8., commanding ; Col. Huyshe, and A, B, C, D, and E Batteries, C Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery ; Col. Pattie, C. 8., and Ist King's Dragoon Guards ; Col. Shute, and 4th Royal Irish Dragoon Guards ; Col. Drury Lowe, and 17th Lancers; Colonel Fitz Wygram, and 15th (King's) Hussars ; C and 111 Batteries, 9th Brigade, Royal Artillery. Pioneers, bands, and drums of the Ist Infantry Brigade : Major-Gen. Renny, commanding 3d company of Royal Engineers ; Col. Lacy, and 56th (West Essex) Regt.; Major Rice, and 72d (Duke of Albany's Own) Highlanders. Pioneers, bands, and drums of the 3d Infantry Brigade —Brigadier-Gen. Sir A. Horsford, K.C.8., commanding; Lieut.-Col. Synge, and 43d (Monmouthshire) Light Infantry ; Col. A. M. 111‘Donald, and 7th Rifle Depot Batta lion ; Col. Cooper, and 70th (the Surrey) Regt. ; Col. Green, and 68th (Durham) Light Infantry. Pioneers, bands, and drums of 2d Infantry Brigade —Major-Gen. G. Campbell, C. 8., commanding ; Col. Graham and Ist battalion 18th (Royal Irish) Regt. ; Col. Wyatt, C. 8., and 65th (Second North Riding) Regt. ; and Col. Browne, C. 8., and 44th (East Essex) Regt. The cavalry and Royal Horse Artillery then trotted past the saluting point, and the review being over the order of battle was formed. The division was supposed to be coming from the north, and the enemy to have landed on the coast and advanced as far as Caesar's Camp, which, with the s urrounding hills,. he held, the whole being fringed with artillery. ;To attack - him the division formed four lines facing south, the artillery being the first line, the cavalry next, five infantry regi ments next in order, and four regiments in rear in support. The cavalry sent out a long line of vedettes, their right being supported by the batta lion of Rifles, who skirmished in the woods of Bick ley and Bourlay. On the right of the first infantry line a field battery was in position on Long-hill, (where the Royal party had proceeded to view the sham fight), and on the left of the line was another battery resting on Burn's Plain. The first line com menced the fight by an almost simultaneous die charge from the right of each battery, which had the effe c t o f c l earing the h i lls of the enemy ' s skirmishers, and, under cover of the tremendous smoke raised from the discharge of thirty guns the cavalry made a dash towards the hill. Flow ever, they were repulsed, or they could not get over the ground, for they suddenly retired, and formed line in rear of the second line of infantry. Meanwhile the Royal party had proceeded to the high ground at the rifle ranges, where they were ex actly in front of the division. The infantry being now the front line opened a rapid file fire, which lasted several minutes, the artillery at the same time pounding away at the enemy. His cavalry having shown themselves in considerable numbers, the in fantry formed squares and gave them some rattling discharges as they rode on them. Again the whole forced retired, and file and volley firingcommenced, which lasted for several minutes ; indeed, until the ammunition was expended. The order was then given for the infantry to return to quarters, and the last act of the day was performed by the cavalry making a magnificent charge from one side of the valley to the other. Thi:: last was done by the order of the Duke of Cambridge, as in the position in which the troops had been fighting not more than two regiments could safely charge together. The troops returned to quartersshortlyafter two o'clock. Their Royal Highnesses role on the ground simul taneously with the troops, and returned to town in the afternoon. The field state of the division showed that there were present at the review about 7,800 men of all ranks. There were a large number of visitors present, the day was very fine, and no casualty occurred. The proceedings and findings of the district courts-martial which recently assembled at Chatham garrison for the trial of Privates Joseph Dunn, 30th Regiment, and James Kirwin, 106th Regiment, were yesterday promulgated to the troops. Th e pri soners were tried for desertion and m a ki ng away a with their regimental necessaries. The p r i soner a d served i n th e 53d Regi and pre v i ous l y to his Dunn, who is a returned convict, has bee n t r i e d b y join ingcourtsme n t t, e the from" martialwhich Regiment i l c s h times,hehbeen disch arged with igno miny. The prisoner K ir win, who has been b u t f our years in the service, has spent two years an d a h a lf of that period in prison, havin g been tried four times. On one occasion he received 50 lashes. The Court sentenced each of the prisoners to be branded with the letters ~ 8.C." and " D.," to be dis charged from the service with ignominy, and to be imprisoned at the Military Prison, Rochester, for 336 days. __ _ Capt. the lion. George Wrot- Yesterday , General Sir John F. Burgoyne, G.C.8., inspection of the corps of Royal Inspector-General of Royal Engineers, attended by quarters, Brompton barracks. theis3leAyi,daer-driv-eCdaaintp, Chatham for the purpose of snak ingsummer gi h n i e s ersat head On his arrival at the Chatham station General Sir Royal Engineer establishment, and other officers, and proceeded direct to Brompton barracks, where the corps of Simmons,i‘jloilh Murray, ayg e o . y' commandinglv director as Royal Engineers was formed on the Parade ground, awaiting his arrival. Shortly after reaching head quarters Sir John Burgoyne inspected th e b arrac k roo ms, non-commissioned officers' and m en ' s quar ters, barrack rooms, architectural schools, halls of study, and other portions of the Royal Engineer establishment, in which duty he was engaged unt il when, attended b y a numerous staff, to Chatham li nes. There the entire h f t o he r e c pa e rfo o tee f eredn ß oe o od y n ; l Engineers, forming ten companies, and numbering about 800 men of all ranks, was drawn up under the command of Col. J. L. A. Simmons, C. B. General Burgoyne witnessed the corps go through an extended course of movements, in the course of which both officers and men ac quitted themselves satisfactorily. Last evening Sir John Burgoyne was entertained by the officers of the corps. The following appointments have been made at the Admiralty :—C ommander H . E . C roz i er t o th e Viper, commissioned ; Commander G. Robinson, to be inspeeiing commander of the Coastguard ; Lieut. A. F. Marescaux, to command the gunboat Orwell, commissioned ; Tho mas 0. J o y ns on, paymaster, to the Daphne; Ad o l p h H unter, assist.-paymaster, to the Crocodile ; J ames G . G or d on , clerk, to the Serapis. [ADVEItrISEMENT.)—Dyspepsia bility, Consumption, and all nervous, bilious, stomach, and liver complaints in every stage, are only ' aggravated and accelerated by (bur! f ^ 8 °- every description, but perfectly curable by Du Barry's health-re storing thousands of cases Revalenta Arabica Food, as proved by (Indigestion) Constipation, De es—cough, asthma, also diarrhoea, haemorrhoids, liver com plaints, flatulency, nervousness, biliousness, fevers, sore throats, diphtheria, catarrhs, colds, influenza, noises in the head and which had been considered hopeless, such ea r.q. rheumatism, gent, impurities, eruptions, hysteria, neuralgia, ha itability, m e , ache, debility, dropsy, sleeplessness, acidity, palpitation, heartburn, head even in prognancY or at sea, sinking fits, bronchitis, scrofula, restored by Du Barry's Fool. c tightness of the chest, pains at the pit of the stomach and cramps, spasms, nausea and sickness, between the shoulders, &c. We quote a few :—Tlie Pope's health c e o n n ti s r u e m ly es to a D p u la ß te a f r u r ? 21, 1866.—The health of the Holy Father is excellent, especially sitee, abandoning all other remedies, he has cctalned himself Revaleuta Arabica Food, of which he prisingly beneficial effect on his health, and his Holiness cannot praise this excellent food too highly."—From the " Gazette du ' a s t every m'erael, No. 6:a'si'pj.r—od"ulicoeind Some,, j su ul r y - Midi, July 25 Cure No. 46,270 Mr. James Roberts, timber merchant, of Fri 1 M•eY Surrey, of bittl years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, asthma, Cure No. 1,171 . Lord Stuart de Decies, Lord Lieut. of Waterford, of many ~ liver derangement, and partia, deafness. years dyspepsia.—No. 49,8'32. "Fifty years' indescribable agony from dispepsia, nervousness, vomiting.—Maria cough, constipation, flatulency, spasnfs, sickness and In tins at ls. 1 and at 61, Graceac.h; Y." Important Caution.—Beware of the many unsavoury and more than sloppy imitations t 6 which, without authority, Baron Liebig's name is most audaciously attached.- 12 lbs., 225.; 24 lbs., 40: B Die Ballast and Co., No. 77, Regent-street London; 6.— AltltY ur l eh lb_, 25 i 7 4 . ; c 2 he lb . s ap ., Bi 4:. ; 6 6 8: 15 5 0, 1b a 5 n ., a 11 2 . 0 5: , . ' also Fortuam and Mso a, 182, Piccadilly; Orford-street; nao *. street; . -I ° i Strand; 0,32 a au grocers anti chemists. ARMY DRESS AND EQUIPMENTS. I Yesterday evening a long but very interesting paper was read on this subject to the members of the United Service Institution by Captain Walker, of the 91st Regiment ; Lord Longford took the chair. The theatre of the institution was unusually well attended. It 'may be said at the outset that Captain Walker's paper or address, which occupied nearly an hour and a half in reading, condemned almost every part of the dress and equipments of the English sol dier. The speaker said he was quite aware that argu ments of the same or almost even greater force might be applied to the equipments of other branches of the service, but on that he had not time to enter then. Beginning, therefore, with the shako of the infantry soliier, and following down almost every article of his dress, he showed with unusual force and clear ness how both for sanitary reasons and reasons con nected with the freedom of movement of the soldier almost all his uniform was wrong. The shako was no adequate protection to the head in cold weather, while in the tropics, where at least one-third of the duty of the English army was done, it was absolutely useless. The cap cover used in hot climates was rather a recognition of the evils which the shako caused than a means of avoiding them. Stocks, he believed, were now so universally condemned both by officers and men that it was almost needless to in veigh further against them. The trousers were made too tight round the knee and thigh, and men split them continually when out skirmishing and firing from the knee. The tunic was tight and had no poc kets, and the ammunition blucher boots were as worthless as could well be conceived. Much of this last-mentioned evil arose from the low contract price paid for them--only Bs. 6d. a-pair. It was, however, principally upon the knapsack that Capt. Walker was most deservedly severe. The weight of the pack, 561 b., its stiffness, awkward fitting to the frame, and the straps by which it was supported were explained with force and clearness, which left no loophole for doubt as to its total inadequacy for the present sys tem of military tactics, when rapid marches and heavy weights of spare ammunition for the breech-loader ,had become necessaries to cam paigning. At the recommendation of General Eyre a committee had been appointed to ascertain the best kind of knapsack used—French, Prussian, Austrian, American, Italian ; in short, no less than twenty were examined and reported upon, and of this number the English knapsack was found to be the worst of all. Yet to each and all of the foreign models some objections more or less vital had been established, and in the result the committee had determined to devise one of their own which would combine all the best merits of the foreign specimens and as few as possible of their disadvantages. This had been tried at the School of Musketry and other camps, and had met the unanimous approval of both officers and men. It was a leather kit bag, sus pended, not only from the waistbelt, but from braces passing in front and behind the back, the main weight resting on the hips. The great-coat and canteen were worn above these on the shoulder, and as a counterpoise to this weight behind the increased rounds of ammunition and ammunition pouch were carried in front. The relief thus afforded to the soldier was immense. Still he thought a greater improvement might be effected by what he called " a bed kit," which would enclose a great coat and kit in a 6ft. length of light waterproof cloth, to be worn across the left shoulder, the ends coming down under the right arm like a scarf. The sol dier, no doubt, did prefer this method, and both Austrian and Prussian soldiers carried their great coats, slung in that fashion. In addition to its being light and waterproof, it afforded the soldier the inestimable benefit of having a waterproof sheet to sleep on when campaigning out on wet and damp earth, and in the day it might be used in wet weather as a kind of waterproof` cloak while on a march. In conclusion, Captain' Walker said that the attention of military authorities was now thoroughly aroused to the importance of this sub ject, and there was little doubt that in a short time the present restrictive uniform would be as much a thing of the past as the pigtails of the reign of the early Georges. The paper occupied so long a time in reading that the remarks made upon it in the very brief discussion which followed were limited to an almost general expression of approval of Captain Walker's improvements, and always pointed to the necessity of some radical reform being commenced in army uniforms, both cavalry and infantry. Votes of thanks to Captain Walker for his paper and to Lord Longford for presiding brought the proceedings to a close. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. POST.—By the small majority of eight the Go vernment succeeded, last evening, after a brief and hasty discussion, in negativing Mr. Laing's amend ment that six of the vacant seats should be given to the boroughs of Liverpool, Manchester, Sheffield, Birmingham, Leeds, and Bristol. Each of these boroughs had a population exceeding 150,000, and the suggestion was therefore not an unreasonable one. Mr. Disraeli, before the house went into com mittee, threw out a hint that if the proposal of the member for the Wick burghs was adopted it would become necessary for the Government to reconsider their position in respect to the entire bill, and this implied threat was notwithout its effect. The Chan cellor of the Exchequer has discovered that there is a considerable section of the House of Commons which would assent to anything rather than jeopar dise the bill, and he has more than once turned this useful knowledge to account. Last evening he em ployed the power which a Ministry always possesses over a recalcitrant house with the happiest effect. There was no attempt made to combat the arguments advanced by Mr. Laing in defence of the interests of the more populous boroughs ; the Ministry con tented themselves with relying solely on the fears of thole who regard a dissolution, or the postpone. ment of a Reform Bill, as the greatest of evils. The debate, if debate it could be called, on a mea sure of vast national importance was concluded almost a 3 soon as begun. It was considered on all hands that an hour and a half was quite suffi cient for the discussion of so tri v i a l a matter as the comparative merits of six of the most impor tant cities in the kingdom, and of as many coun ties, to an increase in the number ef their repre sentatives, and hon. gentlemen were anxious to settle the question before bet a ki ng t h emse l ves to their dinner. The . result w as , as we h ave already said, that the Liberals were beaten by a small majority ; the victory on this, as on previous occasions, being due to the secession of many of their own members. The disappointment of their leaders was intense, and it is not to be wondered at that Mr. Gladstone should have intimated his intention on a future oc casion of seeking to obtain what would be a practical recision of the adverse vote. The amendment of Mr. Hughes for the establi s h men t o f cumu l at i ve voting, in the event of three members being given to the above-mentioned boroughs, necessarily de pended on the adoption of Mr. Laing's proposal, and the latter being rejected it necessarily fell to the ground. Having negatived the amendment of the member for Wick, the committee then proceeded to consider the clause providing for the creation of two new metropolitan constituencies, and the result was that Chelsea and Hackney have been added to the list of parliamentary boroughs. The clause pro viding for the division of a certain number of counties in half, with an increase of two members to each county, was next agreed to without debate, an ineffectual attempt to report progress having first been ma d e b y th e Lib era l party, the motion to to that effect having been withdrawn without a division. The united Universities of London and Durham have narrowly escaped being raised to the rank of a P ar li amen t ar y cons tit uency . M r . Laing's proposal to give a third seat to half a dozen boroughs with a gigantic population proceeded on the very intelligible ground that both in respect to thepumber of inhabitants and to their material prosperity they were entitled to a greater quantum of representative power than constituencies not one-tenth as populous or as wealthy as their own. And if numbers or wealth were to be accepted as the true test for de termining the exact number of members which any given constituency should send to the House of Commons, there can be no doubt that the conten tion of the member for the Wick burghs was un answerable. THE " WESTMINSTER GAZETTE" ON THE ABSENCE OF INDUSTRIAL KNOWLEDGE IN IRELAND.—There are few countries whose cause has been more frequently debated than that of Ireland, and for whose social and political amelioration, greater efforts have been made, and yet very few of the schemes devised for her benefit have been attended with satisfactory results. It is a fact, recognised by every one who knows anything of the present condition of that country, that one of the greatest impediments to her material advancement is the general absence of industrial knowledge. As it is 13' enerally conceded that the Irish people are not - wanting in ability, this circumstance must, no doubt, be mainly ascribed to the want of superior examples of industrial activity. The inferiority of the Irish to the English workman does not arise so much from any natural difference of cha racter as from the difference in the motives and opportunities enjoyed by each in the pursuit of his employment. The abilities of the Irish work man, mental and physical, are cramped by the conditions under which he is obliged to carry on his labour. Insufficiency of food has affected his capacity for manual labour, and from the general absence of almost every species of superior in dustry in Ireland, he is left without the means of acquiring practical skill. Hence it is, when they are desirous of effecting any improvement, either in manufacture or in agriculture, the Englishman or the Scotchman is invariably called in to execute it. This preference of strangers is, no doubt, gall ing to the feelings of Irishmen, but the employer, whose object is to forward his own interest, will be little swayed by ideas of nationality. But it is not the workmen, or those engaged in active industry alone, that are deficient in industrial knowledge. Thei great, as well as the mechanic, are alike wanting in the experience and accuracy of information requisite to develope the resources of the country, and to make them subservient to the interests of all classes of the people. Possessing by natuie everything calculated to render a country prosperous and happy,—a fertile soil, fine harbours, and an almost superfluous abundance of water-power —we may well wonder at the spectacle of a nation living in wretchedness and discontent amid so many bounties of Provi dence. The errors of government in the past have had, no doubt, a depressing effect on the charac ter of thelrish people ; but, with the best Govern- , ment in the world, no solid advance in prosperity could be expected until the Irish themselves have learned to cultivate more practical habits of busi ness, and have attained to a truer appreciation of the principles which regulate the progress of in dustry. Though a poor country, the spirit of speculation is strong ; but it is a spirit unaided by the care and wisdom which are the best fruit of experience. Those who have travelled much in Ireland have not failed to observe the number of unfinished or unsuccessful schemes which mark the commercial history of the country. Specula tion there does not want in boldness, but in pru dence which counts the costs and calculates the consequences of any work before engaging in it. While business is pursued in this way, can we wonder if repeated failure be the result, or can we wonder if the force of such unsuccessful ex amples operate injuriously upon the spirit of enter prise in others? Should we wonder if, in the end, the whole cause of Irish enterprise suffers, and if the hope of p rosper it y s h ou ld appear at times to have died out in the hearts of the people ? The Englishman does not fail in many cases to avail himself of the rashness or incompetency of Irish capitalists. From his vast experience he knows what is likely to pay him well, and he invests his capital accordingly, while he has the firmness to resist the pressure of temporary evils for the sake of the consequences, which his sagacity has enabled him to foresee. From these causes almost every species of successful industry in the country is in the hands of Englishmen. And yet, with all the expenditure of English capital, the great mass of the population is in the utmost poverty, and the splendid resources of the country are only half de veloped. Such is the present condition of things in Ireland, and as long as the ignorance of indus trial enterprise on the part of Irishmen leaves an opening for the advantageous investment of capital amongst them, they cannot in justice complain if the most valuable portions of Irish industry be mono polized by English or Scotch speculators. It has, however, been said that the want of capital, and not any deficiency either in the knowledge of the people or in the fertility of the soil, is the great reason why a more superior industry has not been carried out in Ireland. But the actual state of things is a direct contradiction to this statement. Why has not the intelligent activity of the people created the necessary capital to enable them to commence the work of national redemption ? How did England and other countries first acquire capi tal? Was it by brooding over their wrongs, and contemplating the impossibility of national prospe rity through the want of some supposed right, or the existence of some imaginary evil? No. It was first by acquiring a knowledge of business, and then accomplishing that business with energy, assi duity, and determination. We know the Irish people have much to complain of, and many things • to contend with, which no doubt throw a heavy dis couragement in the way of strenuous application to business. We believe the working classes in Ireland to be worse fed, worse clothed, and in a state of greater wretchedness and destitution than those whom we see daily loitering in the streets of this metropolis. Surely their condition demands the interference of the Legislature. If, however, they intend to ameliorate their social condition, they must do so in the face of manifold grievances, under which, beyond all question, they drag out their existence. A steadfast adherence to business —a determination to develope the resources of their country—a practical knowledge of the arts of life—have won for Englishmen their national greatness ; and if Irishmen intend to raise their country in the scale of nations it is by following such an example. AMERICAN FINANCE. The American correspondents of some London newspapers have endeavoured to discredit the financial position of the United States, and with this object have enlisted no less a person than the Financial Secretary, Mr. M'CuLLocii, into their service. A great many in Europe will read the correspondence of the Times, Standard, &c., hut few will read the very letter on which they com ment. " This gloomy letter," says he of the Times, " written by the man who, of all others, should endeavour to keep up the best appearance of confidence in his department —not as a report to Congress—but to a numb er o f i n di v id ua l s , h as h a d a very depressing effect. It has caused our mer chants to be fearful of th e f u t ure, an d h as con fi rme d those suspicions of an unfavourable condition of finance, which have been so numerous of late. It had a direct influence on the gold premium—an un erring barometer of public confidence—and raised it about 2 per cent., and at the higher figure it has remained since the letter was published." The best reply to this is the letter, which, in our opinion, is far from , c gloomy." A variety of adverse circumstances have combined against the State, and the Financial Secretary, and many judicious persons, as that officer says, have supposed it impossible to escape severe disasters in the face of the large debt, the derange ment of business, the diminution of industry occa sioned by the war, and a redundant currency, and that through those inevitable disasters they must go before they reached ~a healthy state of national finance. Mr. AFC uLLoell maintains that these judicious persons are in error, and has himself undertaken to prove this by steering the State bark through the difficulties. So far, he has succeeded, notwithstanding all prophecies to the contrary from both sides of the Atlantic, more especially from this. Nor has he had to contend alone with the ordinary obstacles surrounding the task that fell to his lot, for extraneous circumstances, wholly unlooked-for, have thrown a heavy weight into the opposing scale. Of these the worst has been a failure of the harvest, so complete, that the exporting ports on the great lakes import wheat from the Eastern States, and the eddies of commerce have actually carried bread stuffs from Liverpool to the grain-growing prairies—. the granaries of the world. The contraction of trade, the heavy fall in the value of securities, and the prostration of business were natural after the excite ment and inflation produced by the war, and were probably foreseen and provided for by so acute a Minister as Secretary M'CuLLocit. There can be no doubt that he knew that the last Congress were a dangerous body to be entrusted with the disposal of the public funds. Indeed, his former letter, addressed to these very Boston merchants on de clining a similar invitation last year, warned the Re presentatives against appropriating too lavishly the national finances. It cannot therefore be said that the squandering policy of the House wai unlooked for, but the Secretary could scarcely have antici pated that any sane body of run could have so recklessly piled up national burdens. While the drift of circumstances was all against the able American financier, there was a great blow in store for him to cap his difficulties, and, if possible, to prove him a vain boaster. This was the Indian War, which arrested the reductions in the army expenditure, and forced on the Executive, a vast increase. It is under such circumstances that Secre tary:M'CuLLocu writes this letter, which s h ows hi s unbounded confidence in the ability of his country to surmount all such difficulties, and to do this without leaving any train of disasters. Indeed, he argues that the check to this continued prosperity will have a beneficial result. " I believe," he says, " that it will lead to improvements in our revenue laws, and to an increase of efficiency in their execution, hasten the representation in Congress of the Southern States, and secure greater economy in all branches of the public service." This letter has had an effect on the gold market of New York, " that unerring barometer of public confidence," and on the Stack and Share Market, as well as in strengthening busi ness, stopping speculation, and giving a confidence to bona fide investors. The Times correspondent in sinuates that the rise in gold is the result of a public want of confidence in the ability of the country ie bear its financial burden. This is the reverse of the truth. The " barometer" would not be 9 01 do but Government Bonds. The official notificatio n that the contraction of the currency would cense f or some months, of course, enhanced the value of gold , or rather depreciated the green-back currency; Nothing can be more clear than that an increase e L greenbacks would lessen their value, or that a COe' traction would increase their value. Congress, mig ht vote a hundred millions sterling to tunnel under the Atlantic, and the effect would be most injurious on the markets of the United States. But though the citizens might con c l u d e th a t th e i r representat i v es bad gone mad, they would certainly not make this a n argument for repudiating their own liabilities, or questioning their ability to mee t every en gagemen t they had before contracted. The plain commie n sense of the Secretary's letter, free from all elaborate arguments, from all quackery and mystification , 3 simple, honest statement of the position, under yel l trying circumstances, i s one o f th e mos t hopefu l signs that those interested in American finance could have seen. So it wa s regar d e d i n New York . " We must earn more and spend less ; we Li s " sell more or buy less," the Secretary observes. The remarkable decline in the incomes this ye ar from those of last year, clearly sho w s, that whether the people like it or not, they must act on bir' M'CuLLocit's advice. The tax of the United States is one shilling in the pound, levied upon all income s above £2OO a year. It was expected to produce £8,000,000, but it will not realise more than O n , half. The revenue of the Republic i s i n fluence' in a far greater degree by the state of trade than English revenue could be. Every man is more or less engaged in business. There is no idle class, and however rich an individual map be, he is expected to occupy himself in some pur suit, and to be actively engaged in developing the resources of the country. In consequence, gre at stagnation is surely followed by losses falling on every citizen of the United States. Thus, for in stance, the income of the most wealthy merchant' A. Stewart, returned last year a t £BOO,OOO, is g iven , 0 this year at £150,000. Even jour n als suffer. ~ proprietor of the New York .Herald, who last 1 85 r paid on £30,000, pays this year on less t han £24,000. Trade is, however, improving in Se t w York, and the prospects of the coming har Tes are unusually good. If the reve n ue of the United States suffers from a trade depression more than other countries, it benefits in a correspondino, de gree when commerce prospers ; and as there ar e many indications of an active revival, it in 1110 than probable that the great Republic will r en r,i; inence her career of fi n a nc i a l p ros p er ity, " r l , d o will belie these gloomy f ore b o di ngs, a s it has so oft done, the evil prophecies, of her many detractorS.' Anglo-American Times. COUNTRY MARKETS. COLCHESTER—JUTE 15. heat There was a thin attendance, and few samples of w--n; which generally brought the prices o f l a st week. B e3- $ and peas were scarce, and quite as d e ar. The weather 113 again turned colder Wheat, whiteQ/s 3 ° Ms 74s Beans, Mazatlan.. 48 3 red: C 43 888 Middle and 5ma11,.443 42s Barley 428 48s Peas, white 38 a 3 2 3 *******'' ..' 36 4 Oati - ". —0 —s grey ......... ...3' CHELMSFORD—JUNE 14. but This market was very fairly supplied with Nvb° 3 s ole little business was done. Last week's'prices wore i n _i n .. instances slightly roduced. Spring tions firm. n s 12s Wheat, old white....s2s 67s r Peas, Partridge ...... 4 ,, 5 gs new . .1,3 s 71s I'Vliite ...... .• • •''' 405 jos old red "Is 61s B i ling .. • ..... , 8 40 5 .3 8 s new.. 53s 63s Dun.... ..... ••• -- parley.. . 268 33s ditto, neW•••• 0 455 „4 8 ,ii Chevalier Its 53s Beans, Tick, old•••• 39 , 4 , Grind ng• ?6s 32s new• ••• 46 9 Halt Oas 74s . Harrow ficks.42s 455 Chevalier 655 7as „ e „,.... „41 435 Oats — 1 ••• 393 .. 2us 26s zu.az iga ...• corn of all deso r 11. At our markat ABERDEEN—JusE to-day hero was a quiet business_ t i r e s ' with a thin attenda nce . P r i ces f or all k i n d s o f grain w` the same as last week. White wheat 58s Od to 63s OD 621 b li bushe l ' Red wheat 50s Od to 58s Odc Potato oats 28s Od to 29s Od } 401 b bushel. Common oats 26s 6d to 27s Od Bore 35s 6d to 36s 6d t 53 1 b ? bushel. Barley 35 s Gd t o 3G s Gd j Oatmeal 20s 6d to 21s 6d 1 4 boll of 2 8 , 0. . ~,,. Flour, fine 52s Od to 5-1 s Od l i sac k of 26 1 P Il KIRKCALDY—JusE 15. Small supplies of wheat. Only two samples of blaci‘ oats and no barley. Wheat in favour of sellers. Wheat. Barley. Oats. First._ I,Be Od ' 338 Od 30s 6d second 60s 61 I 363 Od 31e Od Third 62s Od 3oa 6d 32s Od , CORK—JuNE 15. Whit() wheat, 12s Od to 12s 6d ; red, 12s Od to —S Od, black oats, 8s 6d to 9s 9d; white, I.os 13d to —s Od. COAL MARKET. Price per ton at the closeof the market. j. s. d. s. South Hett 19 6 on 18 3 Hough Hall ............ 1 6 C:tssop Haswell Holywell Main l6 6 Russell's Hetton... —• 18 3 Eden Main .., 6 West Hartley Hartlepool Ships at market, 79—sold, 59. Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. -nine lg• Australia and New Zealand, via Southamptoa..••• - Ditto, via Marseilles Ditto, via Panama Brazil, Buenos Ayres, and Monte . A . r . i . d . e . o . ************************* ** ************* * June 2 ' . Ditto, by French packet ************ Cape Verde. by Brazil packet ...... * Jul 4 . ! 1. Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena. • • • Junc o China, Penang. and Singapore, v i a Southampton. ' June Ditto, via Marseilles ******* ..... June Falkland Islands ...... . ........... ............... jutic Gibraltar, via Southampton . • ...... 1)' India, via Southampton ................... June Ditto, via Marseil es ............................ .• • • Jline Malta, Egypt, &e. ............................ June Ditto, Marseilles.. .......... .. .. ................. Juno Mauritius, Cape of Good Hope, and Natal, Via i 9 Southampton . ................................... J urie Ditto, via Maud les .......................... Juee Newfoundland ........ ..................... • • Ju i ne Portugal ................................ ........... JulY Ditto, by private ship to Oporto ... ........... Ditto ditto to Lisbon .............. United States, Canada, California, 860.• by British J une ;9. packet ................................ • ..... Ditto, by United States packet ............... • Ditto ditto (New York ) .................... Ditto ditto (New York) ........... • ........ Ditto ditto (Baltimore) ........ • ....... Joe 2t : Ditto, by Canadian p a ck e t ................... Joy *. West Coast of Africa, Mad e i ra , an d T en erife. • •• • West Indies and Pacific ;except Mexico and Baha Ju ne 23 ' mas) June 26 . • Cub I and Mexico ........... . .................. •• . j a pe 21 ' Bahamas, via New York ......................... JOY 3 ' Bermuda, via Halifax Births. ai° CATTICART—On the 14th inst., at Thorn 'on...ie _Streett Countess Cathc of a dter. .„ •A ENT—OnLARP the art 16th , inst., au at P gh ahneira-squ are ' Pribr•itoef the Baroness De Hochepi e d Larpent, of a daug hte i 00 - PARRY—On the 4th inst.. the wife of Commander -') Parry, 11.M.5. Steady, of a son. SWAINSON—WILSON—On Marriages the 15th ins . t , at L''' 3 tie -1 Cl i turch, Liverpool, John Swainson, Ca farl;,; 4 K rkby Lonsdale to M liter a The 1 Thomas ....,.. 7 ary second da,ug ‘l , llson, of Liverpool. „, r elit WHITF . SenAsE—On the 15th inst at St. Giles' t ) ''''„ t d 7 eiberwell, Nathaniel White, a 17, Crowburst",ihtter Brixton, Esq., to Sarah Ann Castrique, eldestt da :, of the late Wm. Scrase, Esq., of Edhurt,on, se. D ea ths. s treet , COPT - ,AND—On the 17th iust at 2' South AudleY" , the .7 a, Grosve • - :not-square Joseph Copland, Esq. former]) 0' city of Mexico, aged ' 72. COO DAN J.. 11, Summer ,ato DAN GAR—On the 16th inst , at Effingham Uouse, thorne, Sussex, Richard C. Dangar, Esq., age d 49. , ttb, HAmmimi—On the 15th inst , at The Cresc ent, PI3III-t Sir Stephen Love Hattunic . k, Bart., aged Commander JACKSON—On Jackson, CsoNOu N tRh. ~ aged e 9thaid 71.nst at Belvedere, S. C. 4. pt I - VousLEY—On the 13th inst , at 18, Denmark-s , r e- ' liugton, John Vousley, Esq., aged 8 2 . of WHITE—On the 15th inst., Samuel H. White, s 4 "' Mount Pleasant, Tulse-hill, aged 51. -------r--- -nrCON V L d No. onon: Pried and Pulished by WLLLIA3I A-N of No. 112, nt Strand, Pri b nter, at TIIE SUS Office, of Strand, in the Precinct of the Sa v o y , in tile , ( : )°4lltl Alidalopex,7Tuoclay, J 1.1.119 le, 1567. to r Cc str k th( Lo V lA, It: .-..t to tor 41:1( c t 4 t,, lag ih,