The Sun. — London, England, 1841-01-05 00:00:00

EVENFINC, te.niTION. MONEY MARKET and CITY NEW S. V ONDA Y EVENING.) C H RONIC English Funds assumed a considerable degree of firmness shortly after the com mencement of business, and a purchase of 40,000 Con sols was effected by an influential broker at 89-1. Later in the day, however, prices again receded, the last quo tation being 89 buyers. Exchequer Bills experienced a further rise of 45., the quotation having reached 7s. to 9s. prem. Money has been easy to-day. We expected that our recent explanation of the pro ceedings in Chancery at the instance of the State of Illinois against Delafield, would call forth some efforts at contradiction, and we have not been disappointed. We observe an attempt to throw discredit upon our statement in a Contemporary to-day, but a more lame or impotent one we have never seen. We published the opinions of Mr. Daniel Webster the counsel, and of Mr, Ruggles, the Solicitor for the State of Illinois, in the cause, explaining the object and nature of the action, and declaring that there was no inten tion on the part of the State to repudiate the va lidity of the bonds issued to Delafield, but merely to restrain him from parting with those which he still retained without paying for them, and to make the pro ceeds of those which he had parted with available to account of his debt. The opinion of Mr. Webster cannot be shaken by unsupported assertions, and the bona fide holders of Illinois stock may rely with confi dence upon its truth and authenticity. Our Contem porary should be satisfied to let facts alone. He will not increase his reputation by endeavouring to subvert them. 'We have received the African Colonizer for the 2d instant, in which strong complaints are made against the Westminster Review, because in a recent article on the subject of Emigration, containing a cata logue of colonies fit for e migration, " the very name of the Cape of Good Hope is omitted." " This," says the African Colonizer," is bad enough, but worse fol. lows. The quantity of wool exported from Australia is displayed with judicious care, and the twofold increase of that wool every five years is properly enough insisted upon ; but the strange conclusion is made that the de mand for wool in England, viz., 50,000,0001b5. yearly, with an indefinite probable augmentation in the de mand, will most likely be supplied by the Australias." The African Colonizer thinks that there is great par tiality exhibited for the Australias in this statement, and attributes it to a want of knowledge of the truth in the contributor to the Review. Our Contemporary states that the quality of the C tin wool is undeniably excel lent, and its increase every five years since 1816, as follows :-9,000 to 27,000, in 1821 ; to 40,000, in 1826 ; to 90,000, in IS3I ; to 200,000, in 1836 ; and last year it was more than 600,0001b5. lb gives the following enumeration of the quantity of Cape sheep, as they are at present distributed in the several districts : Acres. Sheep., Cape District 2,300,000 20,000 Stellenbosch Worcester Swellenda:n Beaufort Grad R .inet )rn;.rsct 3.560,000 240,000 Col esberg Cradock ..... 2 027,520 160,000 su'u3o 7 .ne,l ta‘,,le shows th 3 comparative increase in the importatioa of Wool into British ports from Aus tralia, as well as frern Southern Afric s, within ten years, enaing with 1638 : S I DNEY AND TASMANIA. SOUTHERN AFRICA. per cent. .._. lbs. per ceat. 1h!. 1329...1,838 642... 37 619... 1831 . -1,937,319 7 ... .. 33 497... Decrease 12i 1831...2 493.337... 35; 1832-2.377,057 29.' 1 B3 257... )) 1211 1833 ..3 516,: 4 39... 91.' i 93 323 .. lf 140 i 1334—'3 558 W. 11... 93:i lll 707... If 276 t 18'.5...4 210,310.. 12!) 191 GP,— 11 40'0 ..:._ 1535....1 99; 645...171:t 33! 972... 37...7 4';' , 01 1... 1331 ..7 8j7,-;2 )...3261 1,14 , 4 „ 1 023 P T.-1:i a recent artie;ie wo ruent;oncil the fist that a lit:ge amotrot of a certain b inkrupt Throe p Cent. foreign stuck hid been purchased on the p c ii rec)menen.l.ition of an " einineat ipitalist." Tee bolder of the ..teck in qaestion seems to thi;:k the matter Las not been put by us with sullieient et - ajhis:s, and we ATt accordingly atrkeil whether the itlif.-,rity frt,m which we were writirg did not go t!te ler:4!!1 cf s,howieg very distinctly that two gent:emen who hop p.:ned to have semo lool , :oy to inve-it acre tel in the c.ms• vences of one and the same sta'em , ,et. Toe.e can be no dudot th a t it did, but we lest in Following, the text with that precis we lilt dis pssetl to do iniot have been taking to g-eat a 1 herty avid; a conuntioa:,a'ion which ha I the appearance of co:111.1 ntin% The siiil, , rers in this case no tneinh,n-s of the same fa mily. in have bet ,z eon them about a hun dred and ten thousand pounds in nearly eqnal amounts, the one of S, - ).td:01) stock, the other of Portu guese, cxe:usive of a Ite..vy arrear of dividends. 0.1 the subject of thcse. claima, tile rem irk; m :de by no in the first instance arc thus referred to :—" WC'S not the note say that my purchases were, and that I l)li,secl my relative's to have been, founded upon the representa tioa alluded to? his were, in Joel, for they were made by the same broker, proccedir.g on the same recomn-rn dation. Mine were absolutely so, for the broker re turned to me from the party direct with the rlossage --• Tell him they (the Three per Cents.)' wid be 80.'" The principals were well known as opulent and respectable persons, owing, as it would seem, to the considerable investments enade by them, on previous oc cas'ous, of Ditch Sock through the same channels, for every transaction of this nature is, we may venture to assume, treasured up in the memories of the great op:. - - rators in loans when once a knowledge of it is acquired. The business of which we are now speaking was managed for one of the gentlemen through the followi ng artfulprocess : " I find," he observes, " oa reference, that I bought of the capitalist 638,000 guilders in the middle of Februiry, 1835, and sold him 32,000 Portuguese Fire per Cents., because he said, according to my broker, they were much too high. At tit:: end of the !ails month I re-sold him 320,000 guilders, and bough: 20.500 Portuguese Turee per Cents., because he said they would be at 80. Now, I think it was about a fortnight after I had sold him the Portuguese Fives at 92, became they were too high,' that we had out the Three per Cent- stock, extinguishing the Six per Cents., and which carried the Fires up to 100. He must have known, in all human probability, that a loin bad been contracted, or was in the course of being so, which, by extinguishing the Six per Cents., would carry the Fives up to par, and yet he gave me the advice to part with them, and, although no purchaser's name is ex pressed in the b - oker's account, I am confident that, having done it, it was to him. After this he pas.es rf}, w,o have seen, 20,500 of the New Three per Cents. upon me be cause they would be at 80." These details will let the cublie a little more into the mysteries of the loon-jobbing system, the art of making minions on the one hand, and the readiest and most effectual method of kicking down a splendid patri mony on the other. At a meeting of the committee of bondholders held to-day, preliminary to the general meeting fixer! for the 6th instant, various financiil documents dignified with the name of securities were read, and the contempt of the decrees under which they were issued as exhibited by the Peninsular Governments produced a great sensa tion. Several of the number, such for instance as have the guarantee of the tobacco contract, were found to be in the same state, that is to say, with seven overdue coupons attached to them, as when first thrown off from the printing press ; yet another change of paper is pro posed. The contractors are to be called on to in terfere. SUN—There was little difficulty experienced in meet ing the large payments falling due on mercantile accept ances as usual on the 4th of the month, and the funds were not at all affected by the circumstance. On the contrary, they were steady, if not buoyant all day. Con sols for the opening rose from 881 and 89, the range of Saturday, to 891 and 89, closing at 894- ; Exchequer Bills were a shade better, viz., 8 to 7 premium, but India Bonds were not higher than 14 to 10 discount. The Reduced Threc.and-a-11.11f per Cents. obtained 97:1 to the Three per Cent. Annuities S 9 to 4, and the Three.and-a-Half per Cents. 98 to 971. The Foreign Market was rather dull, and generally prices h a d a d own ward tendency. The business done, however, was but trivial. The Active Spanish Bonds were again rather neglected at 23 to 24ii for immediate trans fer, and at 24i to for the Accoun t ; being, however, a slight improvement on Saturday's rates. Por tu g uese new Five p er C ents. were dull, in the absence of any later news from Lisbon, at 321 to - a - 1 ; and the Five per Cents. of 1836 at 42., - 1 Six per Cents. of 1824 were flat, at a deaVi;c, from 24 to 2'3 5 -t• Stock was neglectedl3razil Dutch Two-and-a-Half , Belgian Bonds s 98,_ end . Russian Stock was firm,peetr l e l e 3 nts. at 50 ex-dividend The market for Railway Slaa,rp., has been tolerably animated to-day, and prices gene rally have been fully supported. We must, however, pt f rom th e re mai k the Brighton line, which deelixn:ed value this af ternoon, in consequence of a report that an accident bad occurred to one of the trains. quotations this afternoon were thes e :—Tre current Blackwal!, ; Brighton, ; Grecawi c h, 'lein e li r den, 14- ; North Midland, 19 ; Ditto, New,'l ; -rlay- mingharn and Derby , 24 ; Bristol and Exeter, ~t 2 Hull and Selby, 61, disc. The Great Western S;aaarned were 23 ; the New, 13 ; the Fifths, 71 ; the South Western, 18E1 ; the New Manchester and Leeds, 6 ; and the York and North M dland, 19 prem. Nothing was done in B inking Shares. The stock of tallow in London Low is 37,649 Casks against 29,490 casks at this time last year. The deli very last week was 1,942 caski: only against 2,051 casks at the same ti me last ye Ir. Trio arrival last week was 3,293 casks against 196 caik3 at this time last year. The total arrivals since the Ist of June list have been casks against 84,835 86 ')1 1839-40. casks at the S;1111:1 time in From the comparative statement of the stock of 11 °iLP in the port of Lon:Ion we find that on the Ist ;if 18:15, it was 7,033 tons ;in 1837, 3,116 to,g ;i s 1:38, 9,871 tons ; in 1839,7,417 tons ; its 1810, 1' ) ; 575 Lew ; and in 1841, 9,24 G tons. SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS. (nog THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY.) (From the Times.) A dispute has arisen between the Colonial-office and some of the emigration-mongers upon the means of regulating the exportation of emigrants to the British colonies- It hall been observed that in those new countries where land is to be bad for little more than the trouble of taking possession, no settler is content to labour for a master ; that each longs to be an owner of much more than he can cultivate—that, conse quently, much of the land is wholly neglected—and that even the portion wrought is rather scratched than tilled. It was found that this lack of labourers was a difficulty not easily to be remedied ; since no colonial proprietor was willing to incur the expense of importing husbandmen, whose whole object would be at the ear liest possible moment to throw up their contracts, and quit the working for the pyoprietary class, thereby in creasing instead of diminishing the disproportion be tween the appropriated land and the labour. It was then inferred, that if the Ceown, the universal owner of the soil, were to raise the sale price of the lands, and employ the proceeds in the impor tation of labourers, the requisite proportion be tween the land and the labour would be restored ; inasmuch as capitalists would not pay great prices for allotments which they could not work, and labourers would be obliged to continue for some time in the earning of wages before their savings would enable them to become cultivators on their own account. This principle was adopted by the Government, and the " Emigration" or " Colonial Land Board," ap pointed by and under the Colonial-office, has already obtained, from the sale of Crown lands, considerable sums, the balance whereof remaining in each respec tive colony (after meeting such exigencies of its local government as must have been otherwise unpro vided for) has been expended in the exportation of labourers thither. It is on the propriety of that deduction for local government that the main schism has occurred between the emigrationists and the colonial administration ; and the money question, the financial pressure, has here had a strong opera tion in keeping Ministers right. The demand for the application of the whole fund to the exportation of labour being strongly pressed upon them by some of their Radical supporters, they would have been but too much reason to expect the compliance of Govern ment, had not this been happily made impossible by the pecuniary circumstances of the case. The ex penses of the local governments were increasing, and with them was increasing also the indisposition of Per liament to vote the money of the mother country for defraying . them. Ministers, therefore, in this one lucky instance, had no choice but to do what was right in despite of their supporters. The emigra:ion ists, opposing the Government on this subject, are of that very common, not to say vulgar, class of modern philosophers, who, when they have got hold of a princi ple, insist upon working it to the last extremity. Because the colonization of our transmarine possessions can in no way be so safely and speedily advanced as by making the land defray the means of its own eulti. variation, therefore it is concluded that every shidieg of prico diverted from the freight of labourers is lost to the interesms of colonization. Ia this plCnosophy man is regarded not as a creature .having passions, affec tions, moral faculties, and powers—formed for society and destined for heaven—but as a inure implement of husbandry, a self-impelling steam-plough, and the number of hands makes the sum of the colony. Go vernment, law, police, reads, bi-i,lges, wharfs, emltack ma-nts, public bulldogs, the practical sciences, the arts of . life, the schools of human and avine int,truction— ail these main necessaries of out earthly cxistence are omitted in the provision of the philosopiiieal enii,tr a tionist. ihu dou:,t all these things cost mom-y, make at first a lerce deduction front the fend which ; you desire to erupl.,y so (xclosinly ulion the freight of I hunt In cargoes, but without th-ot the c...r,:;oes are ge.,A for nothing d lirered. You might just as well refuse to hesto N any part of the fund upon the v:ctnaiiing of the tolags, or upon the pro% iulna f dwellings or tools for your labourers at the 1:l: cc el their destioatina. The priocipie Lich s::ouhl be im pressed on tie! minds of ail who tithe an interest in eel)e:z.Con is, that Ilic mere lo(cii. - :n 0/ a ct•riaiii pro ! p0..'2,n uj lalirniciv upon a cci.tato allotment of laid will ,T,l make a co.' ny. Sucli a pLmtatio3, without rot t! C 'IIIIIIM I:lSti:u!:ens and some m tral and religious connexion, to bind, and at tarm.:s to briog togc tact-, the s..lattcred ittliah.tants cf the wild courttry, is but one dcgret•, if at all, aboze the state of the huotor-tribes of North America. The emigrants mty have hater tools twit those aborigines, and follow tame flecks of shsop instead cf w 11l herds of huff.does ; but for any thing Ott raises min above his animal condition, the friend of human nature will search in vain among the English colonithts, if' the Government shall ever fall into the views of those who think that the only legitimate r.p pliztation of Inc land-rund is to export the maximum of hands. The State has no right, end._ r the pretence of relieving n crowded populwien, to send a portion of it beyond the reach of moral improvement and reli . ;lints iteetrucci in. With the wca4ll which our M.ilU fictures have brought to on, we have contracted corre lative duties to the pepulat:oe which they have bred ; and we ere not entitled, for the sake of relieving our selves from co much more of our incumbent pauper:sm, to huddle out a mass of people without those provisions which constitute the necessaries and very el,meots of a civilized community. In older countries, the amount expended on public objects is defrayed limn taxation upon private property ; it is the good fortune of new colonies that theme is unappropriated land, the land of the public, available for this purpose, without the levy of taxes. But if the State is content to waive all pre sent benefit to its exchequer in the sale of the public land, the least which that land can be expected to yield is the sufficient and complete maintenance, social as well as physical, religious as well as civil, of the f.sing na,iens that are planted on it. (From the Morning Chronicle.) We must once more entreat all the Liberal electors of Walsall to think only now of returning Mr. Smnith. Those who may feel off.nded at the proceedings adopted-with regard to Mr. Lyttelton, would do well to reflect, that if a mistake has been committed, no good can result from committing another. It would be a grievous mistake to leave any means untried by which the return of Mr. Gladstone can be prevented. We would entreat those supporters of Mr. Lyttclton, who may be offended at what has taken place, to consider that Mr. S:nith would in every respect be suitable re presentative for Walsall. If, then, they withhold their support from Mr. Smith, they are responsible for the re ' turn of Mr. Gladstone, It will not do to say that if the Radicals and advocates of tree trade had stood by r. L) ttclton, Mr. Gladstone would have been defeated. Mr. Lyttelton is no longer in the field, and the I fault of others canuot justify any portion of the elec tors entertaining Liberal opinion', in disrrgarding the positive duty of supporting a Liberal. They would not be more culpably were they to vote for Gladstone, than in refusing to vote for Mr. Smith , if they thereby 1 secure the return of the former. If faults have been committed, the fitting time for going iota them is not when the enemy is in field. Were we in the situa:ion of those supporters of Mr. Lyttelton, who conceive that gentlemen to have been ill used, the reproof we should administer would be to exert our utmost eller ' gme.s on behalf of Mr. Smith. It gives us much satis• faction to learn that the enthusiasm of the men of Wa l sall has been roused, and the best hopes are enter tained that that place will have the distinction of re turning a stanch advocate of free trade to the House of Commons. Much will it rejoice us to find that the estimate we had been taught to form of the spirit and independence of the men of Walsall is below their me rits, Their return of Mr. Smith at this time will have a most salutary influence. We need not add, that every manufacturing town in England is now looking anxiously towards Walsall, and they would derive fresh courage from the return of an advocate of free trade, after a Tory had been fifteen days in the field, and made himself sure of victory from the faults committed by the Liberals. The Radicals and advocates of free trad e will, unquestionably, support Mr. S m i t h. If be fail to be returned, the circumstance still serve to widen the breach elsewhere between the different divisions of Liberals. We entreat the Whigs of 'Walsall and its vicinity, who possessinfluence in that place, to reflect on the possible consequences elsewhere of any haek• wardness on their part at this time. Let the past be forgotten—it cannot be recalled. The effect of such a geacnous course of conduct cannot fail to operate most beneficially. Once more, then, we call on all the Li berals to unite, and act cordially. The return of a Tory, through the blunders of any portion of the Li berals, will reflect disgrace on all. (From the Morning Herald.) The following paragraph is copied front the Lincoln Mercury : " The picture \S". Uilathorne, D.D., Vicar-General of New Holland and Van aernen'a Land, gives of time suffer jetre of the convicts at the penal settlements of Norfolk M o reten Bay, atrl Part Arthur, is truly horrifying. and are subjeet to trio. 'ai;',hpliceaTtrit:tos of the la in sh eh a a t ; l - h g e a ‘ n v g il ' i ' of the overseer, and at night and on Sendays are locked up in square portable boxes, 1(3 being crJwdcd together in a space considerably less than two feet square for each person : time food on Norf o lk I s land is salt meat and maize bread; and, mark the recklesseess of life induced by the dreadful sufferings, 'so indiErent had even life become, that murders were committed in cold blood; the rnurde,,relr,istf;:irevrtinari. dsbdt:tctllamri i ,"4 that b e had no ill-fecling Bgain t Lis sel e objr.et real to obhiii his own relea,v. Lets were altarcstn cast; tic man on wi:pm t i rn sro r i t e. ; it s te ie d w t c h d ,f e 12e c i e n d, g for a time trod talc sceacs of daily miseries to appear n the to ttion r ere:tit:it: they kmmcw they shoal be Mr. NlEverel deelarsr of wretchedness.' An, t, t ,-, 1 itLiu four yearg, 'many 0 , c;1 4 t Sidn~ altlhour•lt after ferr:-d stffrivg death that of 74 be saw exec , . `, r t i le l e r e n c a x i n c z c e ! c e u : u(: sOlt ent s t e o a fi N o o l r l ici t k ba l t Jana like t A system of aho , e deserihcd, and wl,;:- '2 1: ItY dornini , tns the notion of ttithit the 13; iii 1h and tort 2rc, calcu lated convert criminals into c upon car ,+, defeatc'lC -14-hzit should be the great o l ajeie of all lecal punish ment, the reformation of the offender. Examples of cruelty committed even upon criminals have a tend. I ency to propagate themselves, and to induce the com mission of greater crimes than they punish. The un doubted right of society to correct and coerce the vio lators of the laws, does not extend to the infliction of wanton cruelty, or, indeed, of any cruelty at all. It is possible that not one of the malefactors subjected to the system of truly barbarous infliction, prac tised as shove described at .the penal settle ments of Norfolk Island, Moreton Bay, and Port Arthur, ever committed an offence so atrocious as the mode of punishment thus enforced. That such a mode of punishment should drive men from' less to greater crimes, is not at all to be wondered at. When a Government takes pains to make demons of human beings,- they will not fail to act up to the character thus artificially created. When hope is ex cluded from the human mind, what is there to check the most terrible and guilty suggestions of despair ? Of the criminals in the penal settlements which we have mentioned it may be truly said -- Hope never comes That comes to all, but torture without end Still urges, and a penal system fed By ever-burning vengeance unconsumed. This is not the system of enlightened justice. It is a mode of punishment, brutal and ferocious, savouring more of the wild rag e of insatiable vengeance than the usual severity of ju dicious coercion. Who that hears of such foul cruelties committed, in the desecrated name of public justice, can wonder that to the help less, hopeless, agonised victims of such infernal tor. ment, "so indifferent had even life become, that mut , ders were committed in cold blood—the murderer afterwards declaring that he bad no ill-feeling against his victim, but that his sole object was to obtain his own release." Thus the offender who had stolen a sheep, or committed a robbery on the highway without per sonal violence, is stimulate:l to dip his hands in the blood of his fellow -creature, for the purpose of getting rid of the earthly torments inflicted in the name of justice, and thus—still more horrible—are immortal souls qualifiedfor perdition! If such a picture of a miscalled system of pe nal justice had not been given on the high authority of the Vicar-General of New Holland and Van Diemen's Land, we could ; not have credited its horrible accuracy. We are aware, indeed, that of late years the Judges in England have been accustomed to tell persons sentenced to transportation for various offences, more especially it the term of banishment was for life, that they were about to go to a land of slavery, where their time would be passed in the terrible servitude and degradation of ironed gangs, &c. ; but we did not know, we could not imagine, that a system of cruelty prevailed at those penal settlements so dreadful and savage in its nature. as to be truly diabolical, and only productive of diabo lical deeds. Let the civilised and Christian people of England only thick what the system of punishmen! must be which, causes the convicts to determine upon committing murder upon some person (perhaps a fellow convict), against whom they have no malice whatever, and having conspired,to commit murder, then to cast lots to ascertain who is to perpetrate it, that they on whom the lot does not fall may have a temporary res pite from their torments, by their being taken to the court at Sydney to appear as %vitneses against the gu'ty wretch who has been their instrument in commit ting the deed of blood ! We have then the testimony of the Rev. Mr. M'Everal, that of seventy-four con victs whom he saw executed within four years, many declared on the scaffold that they preferred suffering death to bk ing sent to Norfolk Island. Here we find such is the system of wholesale butchery of human beings in New S4uth Wales, that one clergyman has had to attend seventy-four ccnvicts to the gallows in the course of four years ! With such examples of barbarity in the system which tlgraces the name of pubic justice, who can Wender if the result be to multiply crime t.y f:lniiliarising the population with such Lrutal and ftroriens practices? What a specimen of the enlightened pole of our ColonVt Government. (From the !t riling Pcst.) The Walesa!) election is a source of great pain to our Ministerial Centiouporeries, and threatens to in fl ct a mortify ieg (ally we not, in their present state of weakness in the House of Cemroons, call it a reinous ?) discomfiture upon their efficial patrons. What makes thie, the unkindest cut of all is that the the fete! wound is ascribed to the Anti-Corn-he League, a confederecy which the MMisterial party and its cunning emissaries and agents called into being in tho espectation and for the purpose of drawing rain fdrcienent from its strength at or cry election contest. Mr'. Spencer Lyttelton was the Ministerial candidate, aid the Anti•Cormlaw Lents:riming sent a deputation from Alenchester to ascertain how be intended, in the ei.ent of his election, to act in P irliement upon the snb ject of the Corn-lice, lie, not being able to pledge him self, to- the extent of their views, withdrew from the coo teat. This is all that can fairly be called narrative up to the time of Mr. Lyttleton's retirement. When, how ever, the Chronicle tend Globe add to this that the return of the Whig candidate would have been se cu .a but for this interfery nee of the Anti-Corn-law League, they plainly cease to nate :te, and begin to sur mise or invent. •Mr. Bolton, who, in a letter to the Ch; - o;:icic, describes himself as the professional agent ol Mr. Lyttelton, tells a very different tale ; to wit, that from the first Mr. Lyttelton had but an indifferent chance of success, ia consequence of the inherent weak ness of the Ministerial cause. "It is well known," says this gentleman, " that Mr. Finch was returned by a small majority. The borough registration on the part of the Liberals has since been almost totally neglected ; while on - the part cf the Tories active preparations hare been made to increase their numbers." And again— " It became obvious to Mr. Lytteltou's friends that a candidate of Radical opinions stood not even a chance of sucees', while nothing but the most perfect unity of all classes of Reformers, and their indefati gatle exertions, could effect- the return of a Whig candidate." And this union having been ef fected, and these exertions made—what then? The certainty of success to the Whig candidate ? By no means. M. Bolton, though the professional agent of the discomfited candidate, and naturally, therefore. more annoyed and disappointed than any body else by the sudden termination of a contest which was at least good for him, has too much regard to truth to say any thing like this. If such was the state of the Ministe rial cause at Walsall in the hands of Mr. Lyttelton, what must it be now ? The retirement of this gentle man was the signal for a search after a candidate more active, anxious, and indiscriminate than party zeal or party despair ever before occasioned. 'The very lanes and hedges of political life were eagerly visited to see whether some guest to the electioneering feast of the men of all grades of political opinion" at Walsall might not be found and trepanned. Even Dr. Bow ring was sent for, and, if our Ministerial Contem poraries spoke truth, was silly enough to go down to see the state of preparation for the Liberal banquet. The view seems to have effected the free-trade and polyglot Doctor with a considerable degree of nausea, for be suddenly vanished out of sight, and has been heard of no more. The affair at Waleell stands as well as the Conservatives could desire, for, in addition to a certain triumph, it promises them a good deal of fun, a fore taste of which it already yields. Our Ministerial Contemporaries the Globe and Chronicle are labour ing to persuade the Liberals of Walsall that, as those among them who are for the repeal of the Corn laws would :not co-operate in the election of a re presentative, with those who are not for a repeal, it is the duty of the latter to co-operate with the former ; that it is for the interest and honour of all to be unanimous to-day in support of a can didate who is a repealer, though it was for the interest and honour of all yesterday to be unanimous in support of a candidate who is an anti repealer ; that, in a word, the Corn-law question, upon which for two years they have been labouring to agitate the country, which they always describe as the question • upon the decision of which the prosperity of the country and the material welfare of the great masses of its people wholly depend, is so utterly worthless and in significant a. question that it ought not of itself; and in dependently of the party object of keeping the Whigs in place, to determine so much -as a single vote at a popular election. This is very droll ;but, at the same time, very contemptible drollery. It is a remarkable illus tration of the party character and motive of the Anti-Corn law agitation that not one of the Ministerial grumblers at the conduct of the Manchester delegates who interfered in the matter of the Walsall election ever ventured so much as to hint at the true, rational, and constitutional objection to that interference. There would have been sense and spirit in telling the Manchester deputation of Anti-Corn-law Leaguers that their interference with the Walsall election was an impertinent and unwarrant able intrusion into as affair which which they had no thing to do. This is what the Conservative candidate, when they proposed their test to him, did tell them. Bat whosoever expected the same straightforwardness from a Whig candidate, or a Whig journal, was fore doomed to a necessary disappointmen'. (From the Morning Advertiser.) To repeal the Corn-laws ? or repeal the Poor-laws ? This is the questions—so saith the Times, which as cribes the delay in the solution of the query " to the apathy induced on the public mind by the want of indices propounded by the political leaders for the putting forth any exertion in behalf of either of the two great parties.' The Times charges the Ministerial papers with taunting the Tory opponents of the Poor law with the query, " Which of all your Conservative leaders can you ieluce to propose a repeal of that law ?" and retorts the accusation with the rejoinder, " Which of all your vaunted Reform Ministers will you get to propose the abolition of the Corn-laws ?" From the position implied by these queries, the l'inzcs comes to the conclusion that " the wishes, then, of the respec tive parties out of doors are not responded to with frank ness and warmth by the leaders of either side in Parlia ment. So much may be admitted ; and it is quite as true and as incontrovertible on the one side as on the other." - We grapple the Times on this position, and claim, by its regard far consistency, i ts support in procuring a reform of that Pailiament, the leaders of which repro setit fairly neither of the parties out of doors. Will the Tines support us in this object ? We do not expect it. THE SUN, LONDQNATUESDAY, JANUARY 5, 181!. The Times pursues its lamentation in the following strain : " That a consciousness of this fact acts as a damning and retarding force among the partisans on either side among the people is quite certain ; and this is to be lamented, inasmuch as the party which gains most by public apathy must be the party in possession." Much as " the party in possession" may gain by public apathy, the party out of possession, that is, out of office, gains still more. For the apathy which allows one party to remain in, allows another party to exer cise a greater influence thae, were it in ostensible pos session of power, the nation would succumb to, even for a " little month." It is for the Tories to beware how they rouse the nation from that apathy which so so long endured their own mismanagement of public affairs, and since endured, with equal patience, its con sequences under an Administration professing less illi beral principles. There is no question upon which the Times could have more inopportunely challenged the national decision than on this of the Poor-laws and the Corn-laws. Abolish the Corn-laws, and from the means of employment and cheapness of food thus afforded, the Poor-laws would in a short time altogether become unnecessary ; but abolish the calumniated Poor-laws, and leave the Corn-laws still blighting the general interests, sand what will be the condition of the nation ? We dare and defy the Tories to answer the question. FROM THE DAILY PAPERS OF YESTERDAY. (From the Globe.) We have seen a gentleman who has arrived from the scene of election excite7nent at Walsall, where he has been actively engaged concerning the election through out the past week, and we are happy to have his assurance that there is a most reasonable prospect of defeating Mr. Gladstone under all the disadvan tages of the recent change of candidates, &c. It is represented to us that a section of the more moderate portion of the Liberal- electors demur against rallying round Mr. Smith, in consequence of the proceeding of the Anti-Corn-law League towards Mr. Lyttelton. Whatever opinions may be held regarding the pro ceeding referred to, now that Mr: Lyttelton is out of the field, it would be madness in any Reformer to suffer his personal displeasure with the League to promote the election of Mr. Gladstone. We are told that Mr. Smith commands support which had been denied to Mr. Lyttelton. If this be true, the particular friends of the latter gentleman, have only to add their support also to obtain for the present Liberal candidate a greater amount of aid against Gladstone than they could have brought against him under their original candidate. The election isr , too important to be frittered away by differences concerning the past. Let by-genes be by gones, we would say to our friends, and unite heart and soul to prevent the return of another vote for Lord Stanley's Disfranchisement Bill. Although we may not fully coincide with Mr. Smith's opinions upon all points, we are well convinced that he is upon the whole a good Reformer, and one who, from his station, talents, and pursuits, is well suited to the representation of a manufacturing borough like Walsall. (From the Standard ) Who are the members of the Conservative demo cracy? Orangemen ? Doubtless, for they are men of tried faith, loyalty, and patriotism. Persons who at tend Exeter Hall meetings? Doubtless, again, for they are generally zealous Christians ; but the Conservative democracy comprehends more than these—it compre hends all who value the blessings of the 13 , itish consti tution in Church and State, and who will defend these blessings and transmit. them unimpaired to pos terity.. All who will maintain existing institu tions as necessary to the constitution in Church and S.ate, who will maintain existing interests as neces sary to justice. These are the Conservative de rnoeracy, and we will tell the Globe where to find them. It might be too much to ask a Whig-Radical to attend Conservative meetings, still harder to invite him to our crowded churches; but no objection can be offered to an ineitation to the hustings. Aat j• of the repre sentatives of Great Britain are Constrvatives, Conser vatives returned by rtformed constitueeeies. By whom are they returned ? By the Conservative detr)craey, and by the Conservitive democracy alone acting upon its own independent principles. At elections we now hear nothing from Conservative candi dates of this ' party or the other party, of this. statesman or the other state,man. No, we ;tear professions of attach vent to the constitution in Church and State, of promises to to initain all men in their rights ; and in proportion as these professions and proty.ises are strong, unequivocal, and held to be trust worthy, is the seecess of the candidate. True, profes sions and promises made at the hustings have not been alavys respected in the House of Commons, but the fault here lies with the traitor, not with the be trayed, unless we bestow confidence a second time upon the unworthy. The next general election, how ever, we suspect, will acquit the Conservative democracy of such trafficking with treason. (From the Courier.) The Walsall election is a cup of bitterness overfhw kg fel. the Chronicle. Its friends of the Anti-Coil:- law League, worked up to desperation by Chronicle Anti Corn-law articles, and excited by Chronicle applause of the lucky hit, entered into a solernii covenant some time since, to run their own particular cattle for every bo rough in the event of a general election, or where a casual vacancy should occur, unless the windy coursers who should chance to start-in the Whig interest would enter into pledges, too stringent (or backsliding, to go in Anti-Corn-law harness, and with despera tion so reckless, as, in case of Whig recusancy, to help to upset the Ministerial omnibus. The va cancy fcr Walsall is, we believe, the first open field presented to the leaguers for the trial of the covenant, and the lion. Mr. Lyttelton having announced himself a candidate on the Whig, with Mr. J. N. Gladstone on the Conservative side, a trio of Anti-Corn-law trampers was despatched from Manchester to catechise both, and to save the good people of the borough the trouble of thinking and deciding for themselves by taking the nomination into their own bands exclu sively. The test was first put to the juvenile represen tative of Whiggery, who, with something of a disposi tion to stretch a point, could strain conscience no fur ther than a promise to ." vote f or an i nqu i ry i nto the Corn-laws," a prorruse, of course, not at all to the satisfaction of your " go the whole hog" men, who would hang first and try the case after. So Mr. Lyttclton got his discharge, and made his exit with much more despatch than his entrance. Upon which the Chronicle waxed as furious and frothy with .the League as if itself non-cogniz int and non-approver of the covenanb beforehand ; its logic in effect being, as seen now when put to the proof, that the Corn-law ques tion—that question of questions--that question of life and death in its eternal verbiage of Anti C or n-law discussions hitherto—is, in fact, a very secondary ques tion in comparison with the existence of Whiggery, and of the Whig patronage resulting of which it is so large a recipient ; a question not to be dreamt of carry ing except through the portals of Downing -street. BURNS'S EARLY DAYS. _Burns, before his visit to Edinburgh, had, at ail times and places, been in the habit of associating with the best men of his order—the best in everything, in station, in manners, in intellectual character—such men us William Tell and Hofer, for example, associated with in Switzerland and the Tyrol. Even the persons he got unfortunately too well ac quainted with (but whose company he soon shook off ), at Irvine and Kirk- Oswald —smugglers and their adhe rents, were, though a lawless and dangerous set, man of spunk, and spirit, and po xer both of mind and body ; nor was there anything the least degrading in an ar dent, impassioned, and imaginative youth becoming for a time rather too much attached to such daring and adventurous, and even interesting characters. They had all a strong poetical smell of the sea, mingled to precisely the proper pitch with that of the contraband. As a poet Burns must have been much the better of such temporary associates : as a man, let us hope, notwithstand ing Gilbert's fears, not greatly the worse. The passions that boiled in his blood would have overflowed his life, often to disturb, and finally to help to destroy him, had there never been an Irvine and its seadort. But Burns's friends, up to the time he visited Edinburgh, had been chiefly his admirable brother, a few of the ministers round about, farmers, ploughmen, farm servants, and workers in the winds of heaven blowing over moors and mosses, corn fields and meadows, beautiful as the blue skies themselves; and if you call that low company, you had better fling your copy of Burns's Cotter's Saturday Night, Mary in Heaven, and all, into the fire. He, the noblest peasant g hat ever trod the greensward of Scot l an d, k e pt the so ciety of othe r p easants, whose nature was lik e hi s ow n ; and then, were the silken-snooded maidens whom he wooed on " lea ri g and 'man the rigs o' barley," were they who inspi re d at once his love and his genius, his pas sion and his p oetry, till the whole l an d o f C o ila over flowed with hi s i mmortal song—so t h at now t o th e , proud native's ear every stream murmurs a music not its own, giv en i t by sweet Ro bi n ' s l a y s; and the lark, more ly r i ca l than ceder see ms singing his songs at the gates of heaven f or t h e s h e pherd's sake, as through his half closed h an d he eyes the mu sical mote in the sun shine, and reme m b ers him who by the d day's sid e ,"_ where the the bloom i ng daughters of Scotia, we d emand of you, on , peril of your l i fe , low u antities of earth, company and unworthy of Robert Barns ?—Prqfessor Wilson's Essay on th e Geniets and Character qf Barns " sung her new a wakened We have seen t h at the th oma cs eat little else Some months of t h e year than large and that genie brut es d evour earth. I m ay here add that not only the Otornacs, ar e so f on d o f it, as, when will sup plied with food, t o take a little, but that many natio ns of the torrid zone h ave a propensity to geophagism. The q ne,groes of Guin ea , t h e Javanese,the New Cale donians, and many South A merican tribes eat clay as a luxury; and the Guajer oL s , on the wes* of Rio da l a Ilache, csrry a little box of brae as s a il ors d o a to b ac co-box. Germanworkmen at th e mountain of Kiff oonse r spread clay in stead of butter on t h e i r bread, and call it sla i n batter, and find it very srti s fyi ng and ease of dieest i on . The Oto. macs do not suff er b y the practice, but in some tribes the people grow sick and thin by indulging too fr eel y in this luxury. Africans w h o genphased with impunity at home on a yellow clay, severely sulra- from it in the West Indies. The red clay eat en i n Jiva destroys the appet i te a nd wastes the body.—Ebiotson's H um an Ph ys i o l og y. GOOD FORTUNE.—.A few days since a man named John Billing s , w h o has for many years been an in- , mate in St. Saviou r ' s W u: khouse, Ssuthwar k, came into possession of 30,0001, by the death of an aunt in Berkshire. JUDICIAL COMMITTEE OF THE PRIVY COUNCIL. KIELLEY V. CARSON AND OTHERS. Mr. PEMBERTON appeared for the plaintiff and said it was an appeal from a decision of the Supreme Court of Newfoundland under these circumstances. On the 6th of August, 1838, the plaintiff met with a Mr. Kent, who was a Member of the House of Assembly, in the streets of St. John, they had some disagreement, and the plaintiff was induced to apply some very harsh and se vere language to Mr. Kent. The plaintiff denied that the language applied at all to the House of Assembly or its proceedings, but Mr. Kent went on the same day and made a complaint to that body that Mr. Kidley had been guilty of contempt of the House. On the motion of Mr. Kent the House resolved itself into a Committee of Privileges, and without summoning or hearing any defence from him, they proceeded to examine witnesses, and then resolved that he had been guilty of a breach of their privileges, and he was ordered to be taken into custody. On the 7th the appellant was brought up to the Bar of the House, and he was ordered to make an apology dictated by the House, or to remain in custody till he did so. He declined to make the required apo logy, and he was again guilty of using some hasty words to Mr. Kent before the Assembly. He was remanded into custody. He applied for, and having obtained a writ of Habeas Corpus, he was discharged on the lath. In the following term he commenced his action for false imprisonment, assault, and battery. The defendant pleaded the resolution of the House of Assembly as a justification, and after hearing the facts argued upon demurrer, the Court, by a majority of 3 to 1, held the justification to be good, and in that shape the case now came before their Lordships. He bad to contend that the appeal ought to be allowed-Ist, Because the House of Assembly did not possess by law the power of ar resting and imprisoning, as for breach of privilege. 2d, That supposing the power to exist, it can, at any rate, only be exercised as against its own members, and not as against strangers, for alleged contempt committed out of doors. 3d, That no breach of privilege was in fact committed, or alleged to have been committed by the appellant before the first warrant was issued ; on the contrary, it is presumeable, from the tenor of the warrant itself, set forth in the pleas, that the appellant's conduct had no relation to the House, and could not amount to a breach of privilege ; and the Court below was not by law precluded from examining into the al leged contempt, to ascertain whether it were or were not a breach of privilege. 4th, That supposing the power of commitment to exist, the manner of exercis ing it in the present instance was illegal, the Assembly having resolved itself into Committee upon the com plaint of the aggrieved party, and having examined witnesses against the appellant in his absence, and finally arrested and imprisoned him as a criminal, without first summoning him to appear, or call ing upon him for his defence, which, as the appellant submits, is contrary to every principle of justice, and cannot be vindicated on any .pretence of privilege. sth. That the proceeding was also illegal, because the warrant did not purport to be found upon the offence of which complaint was made, and of which the appellant was declared guilty, but described the supposed offence in a different manner. 6th. Because the. appellant was ordered to be imprisoned until he should make such an apology as the House should dic tate ; an order clearly beyond the power of the Assembly to make, even supposing it to possess the right of com mitment ; and, lastly, because, in point of pleading, several of the pleas are bad, as they purport to justify without confessing the battery. The Learned Gentle man slid there was a very great difference between the colony of Newfoundland and the other provinces in America. The fog met was a settled colony—the others were conquered. It had always been held as good law, that all settlers took the common law of England, and the very first principle ' of it was security to the subject ag dust &A butpower ut ' 1 the law. The L earned Counsel contended that any power or authority possessed by the House of Assembly of Newfoundland moil have existed from its coustitu ti,ni in ISA and that the Proclamation by which it was constituted recognised no such power. The House of Assembly was incorporated by the Crown for the pur poses of local legislation, precisely in the same manner as-corporations were conferred upon the city of Lon don, Liverpool, 'Manchester, and other large towns. 1 The House of Assembly grounded its authority upon ifs analogy to the House of Commons of that country, but no one would assert that the House of Commons, ' as such, hail the power of commitment for contempt. ; ' nor could it be supposed that the Crown would dole ' give so monstrous a power to a merely legislative body. The power of commitment possessed by the House of ' Commons was enjoyed by it in virtue of its being a part of Parliament, and in accordance with the law and custom of Parliament. Tire House of Assembly could not arrogate to itself the title of a high Court of Par liament for any such purpose. He was at a loss to know, therefore, upon what grouuds the analogy rested. ' The House of Commons was an ancient, immemorial ' Court ; while the House of Assembly WAS a body con stituted by the Crown for particular specific purposes. It never was contemplated, and indeed would be at tended with the moot dangerous consequences, to en trust so large a power to a remote colonial legislative Assembly. At four o'clock the Committee rose, and the further hearing of the case was adjourned till this day. CENTRAL CRIMINAL COURT. OLD COURT. The usual formalities having been gone through, and the several pannels of Petty Jurors having been sworn, the Court proceeded to business. John Baxter Peace, 24, was indicted for stealing a watch, value 31., the property of James Baird. Mr. PAYNE defended the prisoner. It appeared from the evidence that the prosecutor was a labouring man, and that in the month of No vember he was lodging at the Welsh Harp public house, Essex -street, of which house the prisoner was the potman. On the 15th of that month, the prisoner being the worse for liquor, the landlord, Mr. Eason, directed the prisoner to see him to hts bed. At this time the watch was safe, but the next morning it was missed. Some suspicion was subsequently created, and the prisoner's box was searched, and among a number of other duplicates one for the stolen watch was found, and it appeared that it had been pledged at the shop of Messrs. Tarrant, the pawn brokers of Charlotte -street, Blackfriars-read, for 21. The Jury found the prisoner Guilty, and he was sen tenced to be transported for ten years. Sarah Roach, 24, was indicted for stealing eleven pinbefores, thirteen napkins, forty socks, and other articles, the property of Mr. Robert Snow, the banker. Mr. PHILLIPS appe tred for the prosecution ; Mr. CLARKSON defended the prisoner. Mrs. Georjana Snow, the wife of the prosecutor, deposed that the prisoner had been in her service at the private residence of herself and husband, 72, Portland place. Having missed some articles, witness asked the prisoner if she had taken them, and she said she had not, and that she knew nothing about them. Witness in particular questioned her about some Irish linen, and told her she would forgive her if she told her about it. She was questioned about some other things, and ultimately her boxes were searched by a policeman, and several articles were found in them, which witness identified as her property. Among the things found were some children's frocks, a pair of silver child's sugar-tongs, and other articles. The prisoner was pre sent when the boxes were searched, and when witness recognised the property she began to cry, but did not make any remark. Cross-examined—The prisoner acted as under nurse in the family, and had filled that situation for two years. Tile prisoner came into her service with a very good character from the Rev. Mr. Towers, of Essex. Some of the things that were found had been worn, but they were not old. Did not know that the box in which some of the things were found belonged to the pri soner, but she did not deny it. The prisoner said that things had been given to her by the head nurse, and she repeated that statement in her presence. The prisoner readily consented to have her boxes searched. The whole of the articles alleged to have been stolen ware not of any great value. Re-examined—The prisoner said that the children had given her some of the things that were found. Allen Horatio Garland, a police-sergeant, proved that he searched the prisoner's boxes, and before he di 1 so he asked the prisoner whether she had any obj ction to his examining them, and she said she had.not, for there was nothing in them but what belonged to her. W hen the articles were found the prisoner cried and begged for forgiveness. _ Cross-examined—Mrs. Snow was present when this occurred, and must have heard it. Susan Beard, a servant in the employ of the pros-cu tor, proved that she was present when some of the arti cles were found, and she heard the prisoner cry and beg her mistress to forgive her. Mr. CLARKSONaddressed the Jury at some length, and remarked upon the absence of the head nurse, whose evidence he said would have been most material to the present inquiry. S2veral highly respectable witnesses were called, who gave the prisoner an excellent character, and it also ap peared that she had lived for several years in the ser vice of the Rev. Mr. Tower, of South Weald, &lex, by whose family sho was held in the highest estimation. The RECORDER. summed up the evidence, and the Jury returned a verdict of Not guilty. The Learned JUDGE told the prisoner that the Jury had taken a most merciful view of her case, and he hoped it would prove a warning to her for the rest of her life. Susan Nunn, 25, was indicted for stealing three handkerchiefs, value 15s. 6c1., the property of Messrs. White and Greentyell, her employers. Mr. Phillips conducted the prosecution, and Mr. Clarkson &fended the prisoner. The prisoner was engaged as shopwornan to the pro sceWors ; she was seen by another servant to take the handkerchiefs from a hax and put them in her pocket, who gave information ; the prisoner was charged with the robbery, and the articles taken from her person. She was found•guilty, and sentenced to six months' imprisonment and hard labour in the House of Cor rection. The recognizanees of the Earl of Card . gan and Captain Douglas were again respited until the next session. POLICE INTELLIGENCE. MANSION-HO USE. A little girl named Margaret Davis, who was stated to be no more than 14 years of age, was brought before the Lord Mayor, charged by a policeman with having attempted to drown herself. _ . _ The policeman stated that the girl jumped from the pier at Queenhithe into the river, on Sunday morning, and that she must have perished if it had not been for some bargemen who saw her floating, and picked her up. She said, upon being questioned, that she did not wish to go back to her master and mistress. A person named Jones said that the girl, who, he was given to understand, was older than had been stated to him, was put apprentice to him by the parish on which her mother and she had been dependent, that she was exceedingly lazy and sleepy, and that in fact her mistress was obliged to look over her regularly on her work, and even then it was not done properly. In consequence of the impropriety of her conduct, for she committed every impropriety with the exception of sauciness, he boxed her ears. The LORD MAYOR—You ought not to have beaten her. Jones said that she had been sent out for some meat, and that she brought home less change than she ought to have brought, and told falsehoods about it. She had also thought proper to lie upon a bag in the kitchen with a few shavings in it, rather than go to her com fortable bed. Indeed he could not manage her at all, and he was desirous to have her indentures cancelled. The LORD MAYOR said that the conduct which the man had described appeared to him to proceed rather from imbecility than vice. His Lordship feared that she was not likely to be benefited by remaining at her master's house, and asked her whether she wished to say any thing ?—The girl said No. The officer stated that the girl told him she would be thankful not to be sent back to her master's house. The LORD MAYOR—I do not think it is the place for her. The little girl appears to be weak in her mind, And her master does not seem to be qualified to treat that sart of infirmity with skill. Jones said that the girl was treated with aniform kindness, but she was always disposed to go to sleep instead of work. The LORD MAYOR ordered that the girl should be taken back to the Compter for a few days, and be visited by the Chaplain of that prison. An Irish girl, named Eliza Macready, was imme diately afterwards brought up, charged with having at tempted to drown herself, by throwing herself from a boat into the river. The policeman who had the girl in custody, stated that a waterman brought her to him, and said that she had just escaped drowning, She had engaged him to row her towards a steamer, which was going off, and when they got close to the vessel, she asked a man on board some qaestion, to which the man replitd " No." At that instant she threw herself into the river from the boat. It was with difficulty her life was saved and then she expressed regret that she had not been allowed to go to the bottom. The unfortunate creature, who appeared to he about eighteen years of age, stated, upon being questioned in a soothing manner by the LORD MAYOR, that she had come to Londo❑ with a recruiting sergeant from Cork, and that she wished to return to her friends, not having a friend in this country or the means of support. The sergeant, however, abandoned her, and refused to take her back to Cork, to which place he was at that moment on his voyage. She could not bear the thought of being left desolate in London, and in despair had made up her mind, if he refused her last request, to destroy herself. The policeman said there was no doubt as to the destitute condition of the poor girl. He had found ceveral duplicates in her pocket. The LORD MAYOR asked her whether she was not anxious to go home to her friends. She replied that she wished for nothing else. ilk LORDSHIP then sent her, in the custody of a policeman, to Mr. Thwaitf. , s, the relieving officer of the City of London Union, with a particular request that she should be sent to Cnrk as soon as possible. WORSHIP-STREET. MURDEROUS ASSAULTS.—MichaeI Shaughnessy and his brother John, two athletic Irish labourers, were charged with having committed several savage and un provoked assaults, and wi!li having so severely injured Police Constable Peat, G 125, and a man named George Mayhew, that their lives are placed in danger. It appeared from the evidence, that, shortly before 12 o'clock on Saturday night, the complainant nayhew was passing through Tabernacle-row, City-road, when he met the two prisoners, the first of whom exclaimed, " Here's a b—y Englishmen," and instantly knocked him down. Both of them then kicked him about the body in the most brutal manner ; and upon his raising the cry of " Police," one of the prisoners called out, " Kick him in the mouth." His head had fallen between two scrapers, and the prisoner Michael, in making a kick at his mouth, struck one of the scrapers with such force, that it snapt in twain, and the sharp end penetrated his (Mayhew's) forehead, inflicting a deep wound. A considerable crowd having by this time assembled, the prisoners made off; but, after they had fled a short distance, the po liceman Peat attempted to seize one of them, upon which the other knocked him down. He got up again with the blood streaming down his face, and having drawn his staff ho pursued them into an adjoining court, but the moment he reached them the prisoner Michael wrested the staff from his hand, and felled him to the ground, where he lay sense less. The prisoners then kicked and trampled upon him ; after which they struck out right and left among the crowd, and speedily opened a path into the street. The prisoner Michael led the way, flou rishing the policeman's truncheon, and knocking down every one he met, amongst whom Police-constable, G 187 sustained severe injuries. Several other officers at length reached the spot, and after a desperate con flict, the prisoners were overpowered, and conveyed to the station-house. The poor man Mayhew was brought forward in a state of dreadful suffering. He stated that he had never before seen the prisoners until the moment when they attacked him ; and he did not offer the slightest provocation, but was walking quietly along with his hands in his pockets. He had been attended by a surgeon, who found that besides the wound in his head two of lift ribs had been broken, and he feared some internal vessel been ruptured, as he had been spitting .blood ever 'lace. Mr. BROUGHTON strongly recommended th z poor fellow to get into the hospital without loss of time. Inspector Robinson stated that the constable Peat had also ruptured a blood-vessel, and his head been beat about in the most shocking manner. He was in a very dangerous state, and had been several times visited by the police surgeons, but the latter had not had sufficient time to ascertain the extent of his injuries. Police constable G, 187, said that he saw Peat that morning, when he was in great agony, and unable to move in his bed. Thomas Carvell, a respectable looking young man, said that he savr the policeman, Peat, struck down with the truncheon, and it was the general belief that he was killed by the blow. Between thirty and forty per:oas were present, ‘vhcrn the prisoners immediately after wards attacked with such irresistible fury, that they drove all before them, and knocked down nn d trampled upon several. Witness was one of those who were knocked down. Inspector Robinson stated that several other persons who had been assaulted were in attendance. Mr. BROUGHTON said that.. it was unnecessary to trouble them at present, as be.had heard quite sufficient to convince him that a more atrocious outrage could scarcely be committed. In answer to the charge the prisoner, John Shaugh nessy, declared that the complainant Mayhew coin m2nced the affray by attempt;ng to kick to pieces a jug which he was carrying ; and the other prisoner accused the police of having bribed the witnesses to ap pear against them. The - MAGISTRATE said that he should remand them to await the issue of the policeman's injuries, and if they terminated fatally the charge against them would be that of murder. Whatever might be the result they would be sent before a Jury, the utmost punishment he could inflict being quite inadequate to such aggravated offences.—The prisoners were remanded for a week. EMIGRATION TO THE WEST INDlES.—Des spite of the efforts made by the enemies to slavery—the scathing, burning denunciations and imprecations of as O'Connell and a Steele;—despite of the eloquent ap peals of Counselior Moore, (ho Anti-Slavery Delegate, and the untiring, sincere, and indefatigable efforts of the Seel :ty of Friends:—despite of the advice and exhorta• tions of different Catholic clergymen from their altars, to a deluded people,—one hundred and twenty-five men, women, and children go out in the Robert Kerr this day. Dark, and dismal, and desolate did the Robert Kerr ap. pear, with a few small boats plying retrid her, containing some benevolent individuals, who, to the utmost of their power, exerted themselves to prevent the infatuated beings from plunging into slavery a nd death.—Limerick Reporter. CEREMONY.—The French Ambassador made me a visit yesterday, which I returned to. day. I received him at the bottom of the stairs, and conducted him down to the door, as I understood by Sir Charles Cotterell was customary. But I observed he expected me at the door of. his apartment above stairs ; and therefore upon coming away, and we were upon compliment whether he .should go down stairs with me, I excused, rather desiring to he left where he made it his choice to receive me. He was, indeed, very pressing yesterday that I should not have conducted him down, but I would not abate anything that was due to him.—James's Court and Times of Liam 111. EVENING EDITION: FIRE AND WATER. ri INTERNAL ECONOMY OF AMERICAN' MILLS. It is said that cotton-mii!s in this country are yell liable to take fire ; for which I cannot assign any parti cular cause, at least for such as are heated by steam ; those heated with hot air may be more liable to such accidents, especially when wood:is used for fuel. Some • of the mills lately built at Lowell have iron shutters outside the windows to prevent the communication of fire from one mill to another ; and each mill has expensive apparatus fitted up for extinguishing fires—such as forcing-pumps for raising water to a cistern at the top of the mill, from which pipes de scend into every apartment ; and these not only serve to deluge the mill in case of fire, but also to supply each room with water for washing, as every apartment has its water-trough, or what is denominated a sink for the workers to wash their hands and face in,—a most health,' , as well as cleanly operation, which is punctually attended to before every meal, soap being supplied for this per' pose by the proprietors. Besides these forcing pumps and water-pipes inside, a considerable number of the • large mills have platforms outside, with ladders extend' ing right over the top of the building ; and in general each factory (particularly in the Eastern district), is fur!. niched with what is called a watch-clock, for tuc purpose of keeping the night watchman always on the alert• , These clocks resemble a common time-piece with a cir cular dial made to revolve ; and surrounding the dial, about half an inch from the circumference,there are a num- her of small pins, which the watchman is required to shift; but the clock is so constructed that one pin only ean be shifted at certain intervals of time, as, for example , at the end of every half hour. The cluck also contains ' a certain number of springs, each one of which must . be lifted before one pin can be shifted ; but as the clock is all inclosed except the dial, there are wires connected with these springs and with each room in the mill ; these wires are also all enclosed, except at their extremities ill the different apartments ; therefore, in order to shift one pin, the watchman requires to go into every room is the mill for the purpose of pulling each wire se parately ; and this lie must do at the end of ever,' half hour, for, if the pins are not shifted at the proper time, they cannot be shifted at all: and the super -4 intendent of the works carefully examines these clocks every day, to ascertain whetUr all the PO have been shifted ; by which means he can at once know whon the watchman neglects his duty. Some clocks are so constructed that one wire only can be ' drawn at the end of every five or six minutes, sa" ! that when the watchman draws the wire in ner room he must wait some time before he can dratu the next, by which means he is kept moving about all the time. " It is somewhat remarkable, that, in general,* no such provision is made in the cotton factories of Great Britain for the prevention of fire. Except in 11 few instances, there are in that country neither forcing pumps and water-pipes inside, nor platforms or ladders` ' outside the mills. Indeed, there are a number of in country places in Scotland that have no night watt lam` men either in winter or summer.—Montgomery's ton Manufacture of America and Great Britain. ( PROFESSOR ItOTTECK. S } The following sketch of the life of the late Poresiol" Rotteck will, perhaps, be not uninteresting to the Eng' lish reader. Charles Rotteck was born on the 18th of July, 1775, at Friburg, in BAden, where his father wa g Director of the Faculty of ALdicine. After studying' at the University of his native town, he took his LL.D; in 1797, and was elected to the Professorship of llts' tory in 1798. Subsequently he travelled to P411 15 ' Vienna, and Italy, and thereby added to his research in L'htorical lore that enlightened acquaintance Wit t3l men and manners which was eminently useful to him in: his after career. In 1816 he was made " Hofrath" (Court Counsellor/ by the Grand Duke of Baden. In 1818 he changer 4 his chair of history for that of political economy. 1 14 work " Conservation of the University of Friburg' gairiod him many admirers in the University, and it liva° - mainly owing to this that, on Baden's obtaining a Or' stitution in 1819, he was elected member for the University of Friburg. His principal opponent ill! the Chamber was Baron Turkeim ; but, ou the odor hand, ha was staunchly supported in his liberal vie° by the president, William, Margrave of Baden, We s.. . senberg, and others. In 1831 he was chosen a Vi et* President of the Chamber, and on the 28th of Dr ceraber in that year delivered his celebrated speech° favour of " freedom of the press," and was warmly conded by Welker. But his exertions were crown& but with temporary success. On the 28th of JulY g i 1832, the Diet promulgated its edict s , th e e ffect °' which was to trammel the press with chains more get ling than ever. Rotteck fell into disgrace, and 0 ° periodical, the Freisinnige, which he edited in O r ; junction with Welker, was suppressed, and for five years he was forbidden to take part in a simil°' publication. We must not forget to mention the W e ' nuous opposition he made to Baden entering into 0 6 Prussian Customs Union. He it was, who to the las t ' though futilely, set his face against a measure which be saw was contemplated by Prussia merely for her own aggO r dizement and improvement of her ma nu f ac tures 01 the Rhine. But, though unsuccessful and disgraced at home, his noble efforts were not unregarded by the people of Germany ; addresse s o f con d o l ence , p l a t e . 01) burgher crowns streamed towards him from all dire r ' Lions, which honour his own Government in some tile r ' sure attempted to counterbalance by refusing their sanctian to his taking the office of burgomaster in Fr i ' burg on his election to the same by his fellow-citizen s : In spite of which they have elected him again, and 1 ", was only on his ow n d ec li n i ng it th a t th e y were colter': to create another person. Removed from his chair 1: the University by th e G overnmen t, it was on ly latrv „ that he was again recalled to it, and he had not bee; his lectuies when death terminated his existence. 13 ,4 1 ' principal work was the U n i versa l Hi s t ory of the Wor t A. statue is going to be erected at Friburg. THE MARKETS. PRli E OF BREAD. The hthes`. • ri; eof •re.ai the Al. t'oplis Is 9%d. for the 411' Lt.af. d Bread may be had at 7% 1. PRIE3 OF SEEDS. Per Cwt. I Per Quarter 101 New 13,gf sh Roo Clover...sos SOs St. Fein —s 5,13 ri p Old lilt.° Ditto —s 3—s Rye Grass —s I=:'' . ... i New Foreign Di.to —s 50s 75s Patsy G ra s s —s ....5 si , 01.1 Di to Di.to — s — s —s Linseed, for le:dicg ~.—s 456 01 New White Clover 45s 50s COsDiVo, for sowing ......—s 6 g; 6$ Old DM, Ditto —s —s — s Ditt o , f or erushi. g ....—s 4 - - 0 40 , cw 'l're oil —s :Ss 42s H.rn —s 3 6, 9 0 Old l'itto —s 20s 3' s'Canary .—s tiO , Tr folium s 48s 70s Per 8.. shel. English Carraway ......—s 50s 51s White Mustard .....4s Od to I ls td Foreign Ditto — 1 46 8 4.8 s Brown Ditto 165 Od to ig' d e Coriander —s 12s 16s Tares 7s 6d tc PO P:IICE ..)F OIL. • Rape Oil, brown, I;er ton £44 0 DIV o, refined Linseed Oil (4 lO - Liras ed Oil Cake at th - Mill (per 1000) l4 0 Pale . ake, per to i PRICE OF TALLOW, SOAP, Sze. per 1121 b. 0 Town Tallow £2 13 I 'Melting Stuff XI 19 ' 0 Yellow Russia White Soap Ditto 0 0 I Good Dregs 0 ----- -- PRICE OF RAW FAT, per stone of Sibs, Price of Tallow (as stated by the T a ll ow M a i lers) ........ 2s. 114 4 ' COAL MARKET. Ships arrived since last market-day, 228. 0. 1 6 a. d - Adair's Buddlu's West Hartley 2O 0 W alls End Helton Cares Hartley tloly well Main 2l 6 Walls End Stewart's Lease's Main ... . Ord's lledhugh West Hartley ........ - 24 0 Wylam ... Walls E d Bewicke and C: 23 6 Walls End Coundon 0 6 Walls End Clennell Walls End Clarke and Co l9 0 Walls End South Durham... 93 . 0 Walls End .3osforth Walls lend Heaton ... 23 31 Nall:, End Seymour Tees... P i 9 Walls End Hilda Walls End Kilhngworth ..; '3 O'Cowpcn ig Ditto reshipped 10 Walls End : ercy Bensham 2:2 0 Walls End Cliff Eden Main c2 01 The Hon. E. J. Stanley, Secretary to the Trg: sury, is expected to arrive in to wn t o - morrow , to rest 111 1" his official duties. SUPERIOR LONDON TABLE KNIV E S' with IC•ory Handles, 14s. per dozen ; Dessert Knives, Carvers., sa. 6d. per pair ; Table Knives, with white bt handles, Bs. Bd. per dozen , Dessert, 6s. Bd. ; Carvers, 3!r per pair ; Globe- s h ape T ea - urns, 4 quarts, 27,. ; new shape 395. ; Papier M ac h o T ea - trays, gothic shape, 60s ; the set " full sizes. Catalogues, containing the pike •f every article n furnis h ' ing ironmongery and cutlery, gratis. RIPPON and BURTON, Wells-street, Oxford-street. Established 1820. BIRTHS. On the 2d inst., at the Principal's lodgings, Brasenose Coles lege, Mrs. Gilbert, of a daughter. On the 3d inst., Mrs. I'. J. Miller, of Millbank-str e et " Westminster, of a daughter. On the 3d inst., Mrs. C. H. Offley, of Henrietta.sfre et ' Covent-garden, of a daughter. On the 4th inst., at Foxley Cottage, Foxley-road, Kenning ton, Mrs. Henry Challis, of a son. MARRIED. At Bnulogne-sur-Mer, in August last, Mr. A. T. Tebbitt► of Clapham-common, to Sophia M. Robins, daughter of Al f. J. R. Robins, of Russell. place, Fitzroy-square. On tNe 2d inst., at Christ-church, Maryletone, John nings, Assistant Commissary-General, late of liarbadoe, - Mary, sister of T. Payne, t q., of Holley House, We)bridge' Surrey, formerly of Calcutta. DRD. o.i the 4th imt.. Mr. Thos. l Harrison, in the 65th year of age, 40 ye ars pro' r i g tor of the Tavistock Hotel, Covent-garde n ' On the 31st ult. , at Maldon, Essex, J. Pattisson, Esq. On the Ist inst., at Brixton -crescent, Mrs. Appleton. On the Ist inst., in Hartland-terrace, Carnden_toW n ' Mr. J. Charlier, aged 62. On the Ist. inst., in Chap e l- s t ree t, Belgrave.square, fr 9, Miland, aged 68. On the 3(1 inst., in Hanover-square, the Duchess of Clu j ' nizzaro. On the 23d u lt., at Pi sa , Ch ar l o tt e A nne, daughter o f t h e late Albert Forster, Esq., aged 19. On the 30th ult., at Ul.per Islington-terrace, Islington, Mi l ' Mary Bell, aged 76. On the 31st ult., the Lady Rendlesham, daughter of the la te Sir G. B. Prescott, Bart. Landon: Printed and Published by AMMO YOUNtr,', 4 No. 11'2, Strai!, at Th e S un O fficio, No. 112, Stracaf"o the county of Alic kilemz. — Tuesday,hauary, 6, Is4l. G ENE !Cou p " . P r ..I " 3 ' we l d. in, nP9I 14,, x S°rA6l, The I ‘ory ant bi lityollrat scriptin, L Appil of tt~llll b won T hel L a ined r, l'ie gent sdUrnp, Poi ... k iti ! ~ i