The Sun. — London, England, 1841-12-22 00:00:00

VF.:NING SUN : 1 LYo thi , ; that Pea' uftl 3, ?titioll is id d i " Sow , llow s t ate of )f the la y of „, of ought IS tile ,. iOO5 060 , 011 .1„)id oh / con'' the the d o ht saver ' tra ct bill' ro" it Our ty tui, eyed In 5 (.) )0- 4 S e. rICV o f e i the' ' la° Ilif f s', ea I to t he E, an,. rile` !E S ' ft% ? f, 1' [l, of ~' IV ''' . '•' l oll - it OF DANNEKER, THE SCULPTOR. Praxii.elean shapes, whose marble smiles Pill tido IMshecl air with everlasting love. r i:rhe band o f D anne k er t h e scu l ptor, wh i ch, • l A r ing the :, 1 2;reater part of the last half-century, 13'43 h°w producad. so many admirable pieces of ar t, 6 eicl c l I th of lod ast a mont nd m h, otion and leaves anotherless. He died oblank n the it „, "'ug the - sculptors of the age. Danneker was a native of Stut -7..r.u, when ! he was born on the 15th of Oct o b er , 11, 1 ' 18 ) of hu mble parents. At a very early age ar e bent his genius was manifested by his rte lling with a n ail fl owers and figurf2s on a th o oth stone and he shortly after, contrary to l ut e wishes of his parents, obtained admission * ( l Qt he Public .academy. He was 'here taken Iv el' the protection of the Duke Charles of /14,ternberg, predecessec of the late King. it i father had been for sonic - time employed bli p u b e ,Eling's studio s and thrc,ugh the interest Dan "e possessed, succeeder? in getting young ,tehtleker admitted to the Military Artistical lle a a r 4e , lll Y at the " Solitude," a Royal C as tl e soi c i 'tut&,;ard, Where, free o f expense, y oung ets were instructed in, a course of fine art. it s "t 1774, his own, natural genius worked tons triumphs. His model of Milo of Cor -44`: carried off the prize, and the Caryatides 1)e : ti ler, statues which he then executed, when Y4; 4 , only in his seventeenth or eighteenth pa,-2'ttaorn at tb e present moment the Royal o taee at Stutga-rd. ar te ri C iu )f the greatest delights of Danneker's friendship - which subsisted to,cerje t 7 h -d e s h- c l ose 's 4 re e atSchiller and himself, who was 11 4 1 , ;,hative of Stutgard, and with whom in the ofti;,, ; Trul at school, at the Royal Academy S , olitude," and over the same books, he ties td a considerable period. The sublinii teit:;"loa characterise the poems of " ?ba ler " Die Sehuld," and " Die Ahnfrau, ' were 1 4 1 4 hi another shape, but still in the same W. ; 4 l _ed manner, by the sculptor of " Ariadne" " Venus," Ake 4 , 4 now t rave ll e d a b roa d , an d i n 1781 visited %,"s> havin g o bt a i ne d t hi s perm i ss i on f rom t h e fa i Z r t. here he' met with the sculptor Schef ipst`t, and the pupil of Pajou. While at Paris, Wit: a d of studying the antique models to be met tia l „ l4 the Louvre a n d o ther public edifi ces , h e ,livi4?,,studied nature, and sculptured froth the ° lll l, whence the beautiful flexibility of arble was in crreat measure d , ,,trived. 414 1 1 85 , DanneCer quitted Paris with Scher ul comp an y with whom lie travelled. to 0 0 , - ,," In this city he met with Canova, Atti: a t e; and with Herder, who had all be, en i ts4 - ift 4 to "ihe Roai.'n metropolis to exa , A i tie giVaii:ar.d. beauties; and while here, enjo se d so that, 1 : , 1e instruction and advice of fjanova, te eta e need not wonder at his own Pr.oductions 4 Pe e. ,, l g . in a variety of instances - w ith a ll th e N A ,; ) :ess and majesty of his mast , Jr . Th e corn _ °k r TdCeres, and omnipotent,. Bacchus, which ate him into such hiat. repute, were exe i(-1.44)3' him while in itr.iy, and the academies i t4( lo l ' 4 -. 4 and Bologna were not slack in ac- A4 l ' ,tetiging his pre-eminence by electing him %Tibe r of their bodies. Charjelis return he was employed by the Duke I lva s "in modelling a variety oi'subjects; but it 1i1 2 , 1 , 1 .2 75 6, 1 , 7 - nen leaving the lower branches of W 4 rbl: t"., ssinn, he commenced to work agai n i n ork " Danneker preserved but few of his °tEie N s ) for they wer e rapidly sought after. by ~I t hie ) s • Hi s ce l e b rate d S app h o, the or i g i nal of 11. 04 1 . is now a t M onr epos, was soon required 41e,(14,11 but ha n d s to adorn a more noble apart s L one darli ng w o r k h e constant l y k ep t colossal bust of his friend and school-fel -1) Schiller. at sPeaking of his own productions Danneker Nak -41 ke remarkable for - . his modesty and koN sttnplicity. His works were widely scat terlhroughout Germany, and several are to th e i r with in Russia, but few have as yet made I work; v4 Y to Englr.nd. The very loveliest of his u ndoubtedly the perfection of marble c ant' undoubtedly iS his Ariadne, .in Mr. Bateman's collec keQh F rankfort—Ariadne as the Bride of Ad l sl born e upon a panther. Another beau thier„-ce of design, the exquisite allegory of Ao is borrowed from A uleius is his Eros, p sycruted at the particular moment when <ii, e is pourin g on hi s snow - w hi te s h ou ld ers '''P burni ng of burni n (4 ' 1; 1 14 t he grandest work of art from the chisel ~bilanneker is his statue of Christ, a work 44 ) el f ' p r eight years he laboured and studied It 4 " fi 11 • 4, s na 414.,0n its Y completed in 1824. This statue e9mpletion sent to the Empress l'ec'd°r°ll na) of Russia, who afterwards Deed it to the Emperor Alexander. titi t kt uleker was very - generally known by the 11 % 1 4t,1 4 the " Germa n Canova ;" and in the Sty . . etz) , Ot his forms, the exquisitely winning el es s • t'a,-, t infused into their features, und th e lly e and attractive pose of his C gures, lie Pr oeal ° ' -) firrned the fact of their cl'ose and reel , b a r *resemblance. liar: h 4 leker died in his 84th 'year. Wagner, at whoe name has . I::een long among the kt•riguished, *was his pup:. His great accumu tviO4 of years caused hi m t o cease in his latter i 4 418 from all active employment, and lie had ~t e d fallen into the state of "second childhood." t ti ' t ceon nts of his funeral have not yet arrived, k s , The: ceremony is expected to be both ini tn4„N and splendid, befitting the memory of a vho has eminently adorned his city, and works entitle him to add his own fair and 4444: ar able name in an especial manner, to the ted ' b er of illustrious countrymen that have pre (l. A CCIDENTS THROUGH THE FROST. letwee •L. nineo'clock on MondP,y night, I A eight and 17:ell' ajal i l r eele, a master bricklayer, residing at No. 3, et, Camden-town, in proceeding along e Borough, slipped, and fell so heavily oen histhe R• h t t s h i ''et that he sustained a compound fracture 0.. ‘ 44 ▪ He was removed to St. Thomas's Hospital, la t t ;'•ins in t state of extreme suffering. ." 1 :,,,. ; 'en six and asa s ' eVen o'c',ock on Monday evening, a f r tk l. l h 'ag man, Edwards, slipped down as he was Cli andos-street, Covent-garden., and broke his Th; -1- a was taken to Charing-cross Hospital. t 4 n°111 ino• (Wednesday), about a quarter past s 'at c''eleelt 6 young man of tbr2 name of Theophilus 1 : ) ,,- 4 4 131 "; ho ' r a esies in the Bckrave-road, Pimlico, vT 4 t 4 \ l Pro Ceed to the SorAaVestern Railway termi ;"lell in a boat belonging to his brother, mil t 11'43 IYn'r Thames near the White-lead 1 4 Bof A . 0 th e D" ''keSSrs G . Za.O and Freeman ; he had placed a 14:}8e4:eCils et ti; boat, —e and had just put one was in, ~ rk sl 4) 1 - b . owino. to the slippery . state it his he fell backward Into the water a n d ,iluas • no more. He was an excellent swimmer, 'lt►ently swam across the Serpentine in Hyde Not: Lt tat r ; " sid lit an elderly lady of the name of Orpwood, 1 i 1t , 411 '4 1 .4. --- : 1 3 Peter - street, Berwick -street, Soho, while 6 " g Compton•street, trod upon a slide made 4.°4B ( :) h rne bqs in the gutter, and falling down 4 , 3 114 ," . Sher arm. This morning about eight o'clock, a 4 , s 4l;L n in of the name of William John Harmer, a Z4s -eater, who resides in Exmouth-street, Spa-fief s, il • lert * lf it ing along Clerkenwell-green,. n , earthe church, tl:a tr od I! on a piece ' of ice which eras lyi ngupon the 41ant, vvhi P ch caused h v im to fall with great Violen c e att,Z.ground • he was picked up by a gentleman . quite ali ' " d a d, who' assisted to get him home, when itN l va o s t ti l, " that h e had broke his right arm and also his theeb a etill f an, besides receiving a severe fracture of hopes Ile lays at the present time w at recovery. iP:iout the least ••=7=- . N Th. ..... 4 10,i,. 1 -- ' VARISH OF B ARRY A GAI N.—Mn 11 4e 1 : 4n d 1 1 / 2 1 a ligill Crichton. haying succeeded, in the l l i 4111 religion, in creating the indecent disturbance ttkt(ifieatelY took. plac' J in Arbr d oa t t e h, apparently highly kiiie gameith his success, resolve p ai l i a d y a o l v r e . r L dg ii a n i i i s - i d t c h ,n e , Nltiti k ri , ng loath „ i agreed to lend him 1.4t!.:1:1-1e.- - Ilut it' appears this gentleman not u o e n d l e y rs o t N a T e r ci 1' - "is ',1% but he seems not to is ..,..r. 1 5, clew VII powers, The kirk at . 11. , .1 ? „ 411 Ni 41y the rights of others. services 0 ,, religion 7(14;4,11.1'1s command whenever the 1 h t 'gbt - " 4 -. and only in these cases. But he has no more e ' ': 44 of it to any Lis t e ti ,' e use -week, his dining-room, e G make it during the . itinerant lecturer, than * ho 11 ' C'r stable. ,The kirk belongs to the heritors, tkirta,.4r,e bound to uphold it for sacred purposes only— 'llgi-tn'lle for the accommodation of any . lot-headed f is or a n -° ,, , t ' „and his unruly mob. The heritors, there ,.. ...; ~'ort4 % - .l" P"ed to the. Sheriff to interdict the intended , cei 1 - , tiej -- s e e ; and the whole performers, from . the . hev, h Jas e . Le,nB.(l,n, minister, to James Buick, session-ornevr, have i.„I'llo inht'rainted.from using the kirk for suoh . a purpose. ‘artil,--eritors who • petitioned were—Wlllii , :,n Bruce ° I , F qr":„ e ' sq., of Middieton ; William lletr,ierson, E. 5., 'll ' as,„ -- -ge of Barry ; James Miln, Eso ,, of Woodhill ; -tesleF! Cecilia li. - hiloch and Ann r Jliphant, Kinloch, U4011.4%-rniige,itnei;:rnr.feriustie house ; and Mi s s Helen Kinloch in Edinburgh . proprietresses of Gar qUilities-witn the special -tdvize'und consent of Charles At ' ts q.• of T •• bank , toti l l. i id ill(det: Kinloc a3 h Guth de c . e There was. no time to Ittil3itliieellii;li‘oera,t;orwintiltertdircdt fP" h "s r and legal cura:, or of I l aninure befe:ce presenting the . , vi 0 herb ranrs in rat" tin., oth er ~Q e l lat h .e wilt ; but his Lordship has since i ln ,vith pleasure, go along 1% it . l the _ A ' , l ,. are dusturi ''. - 2-, I t r y —Dundee peace to those itinerant agitators -terti€er -- "..ig the of tie coun . ttit I the pr .41BERALS OF SOUTH SHIELDS AND ,Ntc 1/LIC LIA.R.---We are authorised to state that e ' l3 ' "Nrrapli in last weeks' Newcastle Journal relative k,Z I- " South Shields Liberals, is , as usual, an uniniti b,;74 falsehood ; that, instead of ' Mr. Wawn, the xnem th: t;,,fusing to advance money for his election expenses, so Iviiiji,l2nniittee returned him, some weeks . ago,. /. th, ii ;! -0 had advanced above what was required , :end . nev, r l `"tettd of being in ,li6corii, the Liberals there mete lie nt... Inure u nited, and 'better able to beat their oppo kkot..? 43 fustigated John's honest friends there well `Tyne Mercury. s .. • . . ' GREAT rvIEETING in MOP; kJTIL. SHIRE TO ADDRESS TEE QUEEN. On Monday the 20th - inst. a meeting of the inhabitants of the county of Monmouth,pas held in the Town-hall at Usk, for the purpose of addressing her Majesty, his Royal Highness Prince Albert, and her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, on the birth of the Prince of Wales. T. Homfray, Esq., High Sheriff for the County, hav ing taken the Chair, the Under-Sheriff, Mr. T. 3. Phil lips proceeded to read the requisition, which was signed by upwards of 600 persons. The HiGn SHERIFF, after stating that he had received letters from C. H. Leigh, Esq., the Lord Lieutenant of the county, Lord Granville Somerset, M.P. for the county, and other gentlemen., regretting their inability to attend, opened the business in en appropriate vee‘4l, and called upon Mr: Octavius Morgan, M.P., toktVpose the address. Mr. Moseeneee expressed a hope that ieet might not be deemed pieseedmptitous in taking so prominent a part in consideration of the position which he cecupied. It gave hive great satisfaction to see so numerous and so respect able a meeting assembled together for the purpose of testifying their joy at the birth of the Prince of Wales, which was an event to be felt most deeply by the ietha bitants of this county, because, although aecertiing to law—some law of Henry the Eighth—Meseethouthshire might be called an English county; aalt no one who is acquainted with the history, habit; manners, and cus toms of its inhabitants, independent of the strong fact of the Welsh language still beineopoken in its pristine purity, could say that it wee not essentially Welsh.—(Hear, hear.) There are several gentlemen in that assembly who derived their descent from the ancient Princes of Wales, and to them. the event they were now assembled to celebrate must be a peculiar source of interest and gratulation.—(Cheers.) Mr. Morgan then reverted f ee the heroic deeds of the former princes of Wale; and mentioned Henry V. and Edward the Black Prince s and he concluded by expressing a fervent hope that het Majesty's reign might be long and prosperous e Med that her ipory sceptre surmounted by a dove, rye; tit ever continue to be the emblem of peace and virtue,--((;heers.) Sir BEN.TAMIN HALL, M.P., seconded 'One motion of his Hon. Friend, and expressed his ent!,re concurrence in the satisfaction that gentleman lied. exp r e s s e d i n th e nu ruerous attendance of the inhabitants of the county that day. He was Well aware theet there had been a difficulty -on some occasions in obta',niesg large county meetings— but if any person had for one moment deedeted the sin cerity. of the attachmeree of this Cnkirkr to her Majesty's person, and their loyeee d es i re o f hiAingknown their feel ings of dutiful enaction, sAey bad only to inspect the nu merous signatnres to the, requisition, and to behold the at tendance at this tweeting, when all doubts must imme diately vanish fr om their minds.—(Hear, hear.) But if there was 0 "0 spot in Great Britain which more espe cially ini:ght be expected to rise simultaneously for the PurlY . ,se of carrying into effect the objects for which they wrsre assembled it was the county of Monmouth. —(Hear, here, and cheers.) They then stood upon ground associated with some of the most ancient 'and interesting records of England and Wales. He would not occupy their time by mentioning many well-known facts, though he might remind them that in the town of Usk, in which they were assembled, was born Roger. Mortimer, Earl of March, great nephew of the cele breted Black Prince (to whom his Hon. Friend had already alluded), and with whose memory so many chi valrous associations were connected. In the town of Mon-• mouth was born the valiant King Henry the Fifth, whose life was 'preserved on the field of Agincourt by two in dividuals (who were natives of this district.), at the sa crifice of their own—(Cheers)—and it may not be generally remembered that the Princess Morfydd, the Royal Heiress of the last King of Gwent, was the ime . mediate ancestress of Rhys ap Tudor, Prince of South Wales, the descendant of Cadwalader, -and from whom Henry the Seventh, and consequently her Majesty and the Infant Prince, derive their Cembro-British origin.— (Hear ' hear.) It is a curious fact, well known to those who had searched into the ancient records of the Princi pality, and had given their attention to the literature of Wales, that twelve hundred years ago there was a Welsh prediction—that the descendants of Cadwalader, the last King of Britain, should cease to sway the sceptre of that kingdom, but that, after the lapse of centuries, it should again return to them. This prophecy was ful filled about 450 years afterwards in the person of King Henry the Seventh, and thus it appears that our present Prince of Wales has an undisputed right to that title, not merely by patent but by lineage— (Cheers) —they might say as Fluellyndid to Henry V.— " Not all the waters of Wye could wash the Welsh blood out of your Majesty's body"—neither can all the waters of Usk obliterate the proud remembrance that, in the veins of the present Queen of Great Britain, flows the blood of the Royal Heiress of Gwent.—(Applause.) As regarded the immediate object of their meetin7 e -Lif the birth of an Heir Apparent, and the happy re`'..every of the mother,: was in private life a subject . l'.;e congratulation and rejoicing—of how much more interest must be en event like the present, in w h sen not only a few indivi duals but the whole ceeemoity were tro deeply con cerned. He hailed t te birth of the rrince of Wal e s a s a good omen for the country,and as a guarantee that the Constitution under which they lived might be continued to them ; and be prayed that her Majesty might long be spared to rule over them, and to guide and direct her Royal Son With that wisdom and virtue for which she herself w; as so eminently distinguished, He trusted that as Vs Royal Highness advanced in years so might his at'sachment strengthen for his Principality, and that he might ever be disposed to lend his powerful aid in pro moting the beet interests of its inhabitants. If they might credit the words of Shakspeare they must believe that his illustrious predecessor, King Henry V., was proud of his Welsh birth. May his Royal Highness be equally proud of his Welsh descent ; and if, hereafter, any honest 'Welshman should venture to address him in the manner Fluellyn is reported to have spoken to his Sovereign, and say—" I do believe your Majesty do not scorn to wear your leek upon St. David's day," that he will be disposed to answer (if not in the words, at least in the spirit, of :Wing Henry)—" I wear it for a memo rable honour—for I am Welsh, you know, good coun tryman."—(Great cheering.) Sir B. Hall concluded by seconding the address, which was carried unanimously. Mr. Sergeant TADDY proposed the Address to his Royal Highness Prince Albert, on whose virtues the Learned Gentleman expatiated, and congratulated the meeting on his Royal Highness having directed his at tention to the laws of this country, and having in every respect endeavoured to make himself an Englishman. ' The Learned Gentleman also expressed his hope that by the separation of this country from Hanover peace would be maintained. Mr. W. A. WILLIAMS (late Member for the county) 'was received with much enthusiasm, being his first ap pearance in public since his late dangerous illnesS. He seconded the motion in a speech which excited great in terest, bat which was not entirely audible in the position in which we were placed. The Address was carried unanimously. Mr. BAILEY, M.P., moved, and Mr. HANDURY WIL LIA?:IS seconded, an Address to her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, which was carried unanimously. After which Sir B. HALL and Mr. Sergeant TADDY proposed a vote of thanks to the High Sheriff for his con duct in the chair, and the meeting broke up. It was extremely gratifying to witness such an assem blage of gentleman from all parts of the county, and the unanimity which prevailed on this interesting occasion— especially when it is remembered that alarming disturb ances took place only ten miles from the place of meeting two years ago. There were a few Chartists present in the Town-hull, but they did not in any way interfere with the harmony that prevailed. STATE OF BOLTON.—The Bolton Society for the Protection of the Poor embraces the generous and humane of all parties. It has the Vicar of Bolton at its head, and -several others of the -established clergy are among its active supporters. Ina conversational discus sion at the annual meeting of the Society, the Rev. Mr. Birley made a remark which spoke volumes. It referred to the deplorable absence of bed-clothes among the poor, and was to the effect that charitable institutions WOO now very backward in supplying blankets to the ttedy, because they almost uniformly found that the pressiL• g demands of hunger caused them illlinedif.lely to be pawned. It was also remarked by Mr. Birley, that the destitution was now so coL111110P' , • ,nat the poor could not, as in former times, aid • other, and it was an es tablished fact, that wIL tn t A m A ey ot It to spare, the poor were more indebte'' to each other for supply in cases of extre mity, tt.,n to their richer neighbours. After the most d il ...gent and discriminating inquiries made by officers ap pointed or the purpose, and extending mi. ft Whole year, upwards of 1,300 persons vref'd telleVed whose in comes averaged only tltril Pei' Week. These are cases of sober and tivdtlftous people, all willing, and for the most patt able, to work, but unable to obtain employ. WO. 91d. a week, with bread at about eich Poiind and other articles of food on a situilat scale! And this is civilisation ! The prisnticrs iti stir gaols live in lux; ury compared with this. The scanty Poor-law ttintiry i§ just three times its amount.-BeitOh Pr-CO Press. STRANGE CiRC - UMSTANCE.—During the se vere storm of SIC; day night last, the inmates of a house in High street, Ayr, were alarmed by a heavy substance fulling down the kitchen flue, which ) insttati of lying stock still, proceeded to divest, itself of the sable addition to its drapery, by flyil?tt ai'ound the room, and kicking up such a dest.as might be expected at a chimney sweep's vi-edding. When the consternation had sub :sit/4 Which had been caused by the advent of the ktysterious visitor—which was not until it had fairly tired itself out—a searching inquiry was made by the in mates to find what description of intruder they had to deal with ; when it appeared, greatly to their surprise, that the unruly transgressor was neither more nor less than a cock pheasctntd The poor bird had in all proba bility been seared from its perch, and had winged its way to*ards the town, where it had taken to roost on the top of the chimney, into which it had been' blown by one of these sudden and violent gusts of wind that pre vaile:l during the night. Into the subsequent history of cite " bonnie birdie," it becomes those not unconnected with the Tax-office to pry. It is but charitable to think he was allowed to wing his way home again; but, judg ing from certain indications, he must have cast his fea thers with fright before he flew.--Ayr Advertiser. DEATH BY A FALL.—An inquest was held last evening before Mr. Baker, at the London Hospital, on the body of ,Tames Dunbar, aged 15, an apprentice belonging to the brig Collingwood, of Ayr. From the evidence of David Cialloway, chief mate of the Coiling . wood, it appeared that on Wednesday last whilst the vessel was lying for repairs in a dry dock at Gun Dock, Wapping, the deceased was sent upon an errand. Wit ness stood upon the deck awaiting his return, and just as deceased placed his foot upon the gangway he slipped and fell to the bottom of th e d oc k, a depth of 25 feet. Witness, with the rest of t h e crew , wen t to his assist :lnce, and without delay carried him to the :above hos pital. The injuries he received were fractures of both legs and severe lacerations of the scalp. lie died on Saturday last. Verdict," Accidental Death." LONDON ELECTRICAL SOCIETY. TUESDAY, DEC. .21.—The papers read at this meeting were, Ist, " Description of an Hydros. tatic Galvanometer," by It. J. Irernonger, Esq., of Milan, member. The introduction of this strument opens a new field for Briffili ingenuity in the construction of galtanoine.ters.,,lt is 11 - 11 known that a D e la Hive's floating ring Will run off a magnet inserted iii -11) bind vice versa a magnet, if light enciigh, would run out of the ring. On this 'principle the new galvanometer is constructed% A magnet is, by proper adjust ment poised perpendicularly either in water or faercury, and is surrounded by a De Ia nive's ring. The effect of a current passing through the latter is to sink the magnet to a greater or less depth, according to circumstances. And as the pressure Of liquids is simply as their height, the depth to which the magnet sinks is in direct proportion to the acting power. Without a pate we cannot give a more minute description; but have said enough to show that this instrument promises to be a valuable addition to science. 2d. " General Explanation of the noise of Thunder," by M. Tessan. This communication contained a most rational account of the atten dant phenomena of thunder-claps. It is corn monly observed that they are followed by de-' luging showers. That this may reasonably occur the author shows from the well known laws of electric action. A cloud becomes electrified; the electricity arranges itself on its surface; the in slllating character of the atmosphere prevents its escape, and its ptessure outwards counterpoises and relieV'es the cloud from the pressure inwards of die air; the cloud therefore expands till the tWo contrary pressures are in equilihrio. If any circumstance ca use t h e escape o f e l ectr i c ity, the cloud contracts, the air rushes to the partial vacuum with a hissing or roaring noise, and at the same time, the suspended vapour being con gregated into d ro p s , f a ll s i n ra i n . 3d. " Notice of a new Galvanic Battery.," by M. Van Melson, with a nwe by the Secretary. This is a modifi cation of Wollaston's arrangement; the im provements consist in doing away with the need of partitions in the trough, and in placing the elements very near together, viz., 1-13th inch. The power of 13 pairs, 4 inches by 3 inches, cuffing a surface of only 5f square inches, is surprisingly great; and as the metals can be instantly withdrawn front the solution, the instrument will be very serviceable fbr general purposes. Mr. Walker's note re commends the recent English improVement to be added to these. 4th. ' Note upon a Modification in the Construction of Galvanic Piles," by M. J. G.' Crahay, This is d Modi fication of the former instrument, and was effected by soldering the plates back to back as in the ordinary Volta's pile.. sth. " Account of an Electro-Magnetic Steel-Yard," by PrefeSsor Jacobi. This was an instrument tO Meitsfire the. lifting power of electro , MAgrieth on the general principle of the &toff-yard, differing, however, in havie.g the power applied between the weight and the fulcrum. It is a very ingenious piece of apparatus, and works well; but withoat a draw ing we should fail in attempting to be minute in description. 6th. "Oa a new I;ilectronieter," *by J. C. Oersted.f Her again, hi default of a drawing, we shall find diffieulty in describing. A fine copper needle is suspended by a film of ; the silk is attached to the needle by means of a slightly magnetized steel stirrup. The ends of the needle rest against the two fork-like branches of an insulated wire, through Which the electricity is conveyed. The deflections are re gistered on the base or the instrument. 7th. The Secretary then laid before the Society the Monthly Register for November of the Elec trical, &c. Condition of the Atmosphere, by W. H. Weekes, Esq. ,___. 4 7-.- the exercisl:,i of skatincr COURT CIRCULAR. WINDSOR, PutsiMt..---The Queen and Prince Al bert walked in OP, Little Park, inhere the Prince enjoyed Her '`'' • with some of the Royal Suite. ...ajesty was attended by Lady Caroline Cocks and the Hon. Sarah Cavendish • and with his Royal High ness were the D u k e o f Buckingham, the Earl of Liver pool, Earl of Warwick, Colonel Arbuthnot, Baron Stock mar, and Dr, Prßorius. Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent walked out, attended by Lady Fanny Howard. Viscount Sydney has arrived, to succeed the Earl of Warwick as the Lord in Waiting on the Queen ; and Sir Robert Otway has arrived, to succeed General the Hon. Sir W. Lumley as the Groom in Waiting on her Majesty. The Countess of Sandwich has succeeded the Countess of Gainsborough as the Lady in Waiting on her Majesty. Lady Laura Noel left this morning. Major-General and the Lady Isabella Wemyss will have the honour of joining the Royal dinner party this evening. Dr. G. J. Elvey, the organist of St. George's Chapel, having set to music " An Ode on the Birth of the Prince of Wales," had the honour of conducting a perlbrrriance of the composition before the Queen, Prince Albert, and the Court, yesterday evening, in the Music Room of the Castle. The Solos were sung by Master Foster. The Chortv, consisting principally of the Sacred Harmonic Society, Exeter Hall, accompanied by her Majesty's Private land, under the direction of Mr. Anderson, forming altogether a complete and effective Orchestra of about sixty persons. At the conclusion of the performance her :Majesty and Prince Albert were pleased to signify, in a nattering manner, to Dr. Elvey, their entire approbation. The following are the words of the ode, which was written by the Rev. W. C. Cotton, late of Windsor, who has recently left 'England with the newly•appointed Bishop of New Zealand. RECITATIVE. Through England's fruitful fields, and smiling vales, Loud notes of gladness fill th' autumnal gales. CHORUS. " A PRINCE IS BORN !" From London's Queen like Tower Is told afar by thund'ring cannon's voice ; And Echo, with her hundred tongues, replies, A PRINCE IS BORN !" let British hearts rejoice. AIR AND CHORUS. " God do I serve !" this shall thy motto be ; Whilst in our ears thy cheering watchword rings, Nought fear we else but God, and view in Thee A Prince well pleasing to the King of kings. RECITATIVE. Dread Queen ! Thy people bend the lowly knee To God, in humble thankfulness for thee ; Dread Queen ! Fond Mother I These twin names combine To swell the triumphs of thy Royal line. Am. Albert, be thine the joy a father knows At the fair promise of a hopeful Son ; Long• may he live, each British heart to win By goodly- deeds, as, Albert, thou hast won. CHORUS. God save the Queen linthis proud hymn of joy Let every soul its loyalty evince Each tongue take Up the burden of our song— Long live our Queen Long live our new-born Prince. Their (loyal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge i Prince George and the Princess Augusta of Cambridge, attended by Lady Augusta Somerset, arrived in town yesterday, from their residence at Kew, and visited her ROyal HighneSs the Duchess of Gloucester tlodcester House. Their Royal Highnesses returned llt the afternoon to Kew. The Committee of the Lords of the Council on Educa tion had a meeting yesterday afternoon at the Colonial office, The Lords present were the Lord President, the Earl of ilipon, Sir Robert Peel, and Sir James Graham. Their Lordships met at two, and sat till fire o'clock. Dr. Kay was iii attendance upon their Lordships. General Sancho, the Spanish Minister Plenipotentiary, having been presented to the Queen at Windsor Castle, by the Earl of Aberdeen, paid visits to the members of the Royal Family on Monday, at their respective re sidences. Lord Stanley left town yesterday morning for Knows ley Hall, Pre::cot, Lancashire. The Bad of Lincolo had an interview with Sir Robert 'Peel, yesterday. Despatches for the Governor of the Mauritius were sent off last evening from the Colonial• office. THE TWEED BANK.—Nothing authentic has transpired since our last respecting the affairs of this un fortunate establishment: The conjectures respecting the cause of the failure, and its probable results, are as va tied and contradictory this week as they were last. The fiat of bankruptcy has been issued ; it bears date the 3th of December, and was inserted in the Gazette of Tues day lasL The Commissioners held their first meeting on Saturday at the King's Arms Inn, when the form of declaring the bankruptcy was gone through. The bank rupts are to surrender themselves to the Commissioners on Wednesday Ist, and again on Tuesday the 25th of January, for the purpose of making a full disclosure of their effects. • At the former of these meetings the cre ditors are required to appoint assignees, and at the last sitting they will be required to assent to or dissent from the allowance of the bankrupts' certificate. - The wind ing up of the affair is thus in a progressive state, and whatever disappointment may be felt will notattlie augment n , e we confidently hope that tardiness or delay the reflections.—Berwick Advertiser. Two - men, named Reuben and Durant Cope, were last week fined 50s. 6d., at Birmingham, at the in stance of the Animals' Friend Society, of Mark-lane, by Messrs. Bielby and Bird, for having smeared a dog over with oil of turpentine, and set it alight ; the poor animal was not expected to survive. They were com mitted to prison for 14 days in default of payment. SUDDEN DEATH.—Last night, a few minutes before nine o'clock, as a decently dressed man, about 55 years of age, was drawing a truck over Waterloo bridge, from the Middlesex to the Surrey side, and when within twenty yards of the toll-houses, he suddenly fell down. He appeared to be labouring under the effects of a fit, and by the advice of 'Tilt, the toll collector, he was con veyed, to the shop of Mr. liandey, a surgeon, at the corner ofStarnford-street, when that gentleman and his attendant :paid instant attention to the case, but in a few minutes atter his arrival at the shop life was quite extinct. EARLY INTELLIGENCE I—The late firm of Sir Geurge Docket:, Mulland.,:, and Co., stopped pay 'Lent on the 20th March, 1832, the eve of Mr. Percival's " Fast-day" for the cholera. Evening Paper, London ; Smith, Elder, -and co., 1841. - This volume has no pretensioas to the digni fied title of a history.df Texas: It is ri compila tion Of th'e prci'dlaniatidaSi decrees, ACES Of Con gress, conventions, and treaties entered into and promulgated by Texas during the struggle of her independence with Mexico, the bulk of which have - already appeared in Mr. Kennedy's excel lent work on the Condition and prospotits of this , outlital republic-. But though Mr: Maillard is indebted for all the valuable materials of his book to Mr. Kennedy ) he ac qui res a c l a i m to Originality by altering upon eVefy pOitit kith that gentleman. Mr. Kennedy exults in the independence cf Texas; Mr. Maillard deplores that event, and describes them in the Iburth page of his preface as in rebellion against their " tomtit" Sovereign, Mexico)" and talks of their " base tr e a son ." So earnest is Mr. Maillard upon this point, that in the sixteenth page of his preface he suggests that we should grant a subsidy to Mexico, such " as we used to grant to other nations in the war with Napoleon," to enable her to re-conquer Texas I Mr. Kennedy praises Texas and the Texans ; Mr. Maillard abuses both in terms Which a 'line months' residence in that country was very far rtorn warranting, especially as he tells us in his preface that during a considerable portion of that time he had to discharge the duties of editor of the Richmond !Ibitscopt, a newspaper published in Texas. That the public may judge of the de gree of importance to be attached to Mr. Mail lard's statements, We shall rest satisfied with the tbilowing extracts from his crude, ill arranged volume, to which the columns of the Loudon and Paris daily newspapers are made to contribute nearly as much as the archives of the Texan Republic CHARACTER OP THE TEXANS. "Texas, a country filled with habitual liars, drunk ards, blasphemers, and slanderers ; sanguinary game sters and cold-blooded assassins, with idleness and sluggish indolence, with pride engendered b,l ranee, and supported by fraud." " The loafers are by far the most numerous clas s; and go about from one dram-shop Cdr the ptiepose of gaining and springing on their friends ; and not unfrequently on strangers ; but this latter practice is by far too common in Texas to be confined or strictly applied to . - any one b ranc h of the commun i ty . * The Texans, either separately, masse exhibit all the features of a rutfianised Vuro pean mob ; to Whom, however ; they are greatly inferior in social refinernent i , and much less formidable in it mili tary point of View." This charaetet of the Texans, of Course, is meant to apply in the aggregate to both sexes. But Mr. Maillard; whose notions of gallantry are somewhat peculiar; proceeds to speeify the graces of the stiftet kik to TtAds'. The plettii 4 e aSptiint td by him is so little flattering, that we shall not expose •ourselves to the odium of being re garded as libellers by describing it. Here is the original, as touched off by his own coarse pencil THE SUN, _LONDON, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 22, 1841 .L I TERATURE. TUE HISTORY Op TIE, IiEPUELie TENASt By Ar. DORAN MAILLARD, Esq. proposes p two laws with a sliding scale, in one Aifl which the duty - is raised as the pike fall, While: in the other the thity is raised as the price ri50.., We shall not discuss his mutually destructive plans, but. quote some °lbis facts. The following statement discloses the effects of parliamentary Majorities on the rent of land and the wages of laiidtir, and explains why those who make the laws can - afford to throw away a few hundred thousand pounds in' scenting an election :,...-: The existence of a large agriCulttirg/ inliority in'Par liament, the law for the commutation of tzthe..l? , aria the, Atit Poor-law Bill, enabling the farmer, on accothiede the surplus tiorilationi to employ the labourer at 6.' 4 ' tremely low wages, hits had the effect of raising the rents of land to an unprecedented - Went' Some fcoffment diutrity lands; all arable, situated in kast Suffolk, for which t VI d trustee; were let by auction oil the 15th of September last, as the custom has been from time imme morial ; both the new and •old leases were granted for eight years ; the covenants are strict, a land agent is ap pointed to inspect the property, who, at the animal meet ing when the accounts are audited, has to report whether the covenants have been emitted ; a year's rent is paid in advance at the fall of the hammer. The fairest way will be to publish the auction bill, and show RI .I , ,,sults. " Lot 1. A piece of land, numbered V. on the Map‘ 4' the reotfment Lands, containing sa. lr. Ip., and now in the occupation of Robert Reati."—Old Rent, 12/. ss. ; new, 19/. 15s. "Lot 2. Three pieces of land, numbered VII., VIII., and IX., containing together 13a. lr. 17p., and late in the occupation of James Copeinan, deceased."—Old rent, 181. 10s. ; new, 40/. " Lot 3. A piece of land, numbered XL on the ;Slap, eontaining Oa. 0n 14p,, and now in the occupation of Mr. John Gibbons.' l —Old rent, 111. 15s. ; new, 161. " Lot 4. A piece of land (fOfmerly in two pieces, num bered on the Map XIII. and XIV.), Containing! 6a. lr. Op., and now in the occupation of Mr. Robert ittirtraiy." —Old rent, lit ; new, 221. 10s. TEXAN tADIBB. The TeXaii ladies seldom show themselves to stran gers; and, like those of the United States, they use either the pipe or the swab. The swab is a piece of soft wood, about three inches long i which they chew at one end un til it forms a brash, then dipping it into a small bottle of brown rappee snuff, which they carry abotit for the purpo7:e of eleaninq. their teeth this operation bding perforMed ; the s*alb is placed In one side of the mouth, while the pine sometimes takes the other. They have little neatness or cleanliness of person to attract the eye. Their figureS are scarcely t( be described t doariff from neglect;neglect;or emaciated by 41- i) indulgenee, their skin s h a v e borrowed from the sun the exact hue of the lemon; and if the countenance be art index to the Mind, I doubt not that their dispositions have, some*lntt of the peculi ar flartiut bf that sbur bullet Of t 6 tropics; bitt yet to those Al. - H admire silence above every thing else in woman, permit me to introduce the ladies of Texas par excellence as mutes. According to Mr. Maißard the climate of Texas is not a jot more inviting it 6 tants. The prairies he describes as swamps covered with water for several months •in the year, and hardly habitable from the bites of in sects during the dry season. The City df he says, is " very unhealthy," the City of Gal veston, " extremely unhealthy and insalubrious," the town of Valasto, "very Unhealthy," and the City of Matagorda," most unhealthy,” Even religious toleration, Mr, Maillard eon. tends, does not exist in Texas_--a matter ' , Aidh he leaves us to infer would give him' no' trouble were the country again delivered up to Mexico. Though professing Protestantism, he enters into a disquisition to prove that the religion of Rome is a religion of civil democracy, and therefore well suited to Republican States. This is a fal lacy which it is not worth while contradicting. He tells us that " the first Anglo-American co lonists who entered Texas with General Austin, not only reported themselves as, but they so lemnly swore that they were, Roman Catholics, "which the fundamental laws of Mexico pe remptorily required," and yet in advocating the stib s ;ngation of Texas by Mexico, be carefully abstains from recommending any change in these fundaLaental laws! But as the opinion prevails in this country that religious toleration does exist in Texas, we shall again have recourse to the pages of our author;—. RELIGION OF AND RELICitOtTS TOLERATION IN TEXAS. nearing one day that the Rev. W. Taylor, a Protes tant clergyman, from the United States, who was gene rally spoken of as an able and orthodox preacher, was going to preach, I went to hear him. On entering a room set aside as a place of worship, I found the ladies seated on oi:e side, busily engaged with their fans, while the gentlemen were as industriously employed chewing tobacco on the other. Prayers commenced, and I soon detected that the general confession, the Litany, and its substitute, together with the Communion service, were totally omitted. When the prayers were over the Rev. Divine above named gave a whole chapter from the Romans as his text, and p roceeded with his discourse , a portion of which I will her e g i ve :—" Wh at ," sa id he, " is all this bustle and fussin g we hear i n the wor ld a b ou t the salvation of man's soul ? W hy, it is the s i mp l est thing alive—the simplest thing in the world. It is a simple matter of fact, and I'll tell you how it is to be done—l'll tell you how. Wh y, go home and b e li eve in the Lord Jesus Christ—that's all —that's all you have to do. I have always preached thi s doctr i ne, an d, toillus trate the comfort it has giv en t o the afflicte d , I'll mention a case. A poor Dutchman, who had lost two children, came running--[Mark ! the Dutchman ran ! !]—in great trouble. I asked him what was the matter ? when he exclaimed, ' Oh, Sir ! ' Mine two babes, Sir, so dead as knits, Whom Got did take avay vid fits ; Dem vas too good to live vid me, So Got did take dem home to live vid he.' " Well, well," I said, "you must go home too." The man stared at me ; but I said to him again, You must go home '—he looked down—' and believe in the Lord Jesus Christ !' He did not wait to make any answer, but ran away, and in a few days he came to me again, and said, Oh, Sir,' If Got did kill mine babes so dead as knits, You did take avay mine fits.'" This discourse was delivered with great energy, and at the conclusion of it the congregation sung a hymn to the air of " Auld Lang Syne," and retired. They have in Texas, Methodists, Independents, and a long string of other dissenters from their Protestant Church, but whether these constitute the schisms which the Texan author alludes to, I am not prepared to say, though I soon discovered the existence of both " the petty schisms parties," and the " impalpability" of the " powder" to which Protestantism is reduced among the Texan community, who have been lauded by many tra vellers as the warmest advocates of religious tolera tion! But to bring this subject to the test, we will sup pose the man who "ran" to Mr. Taylor, in such sad dudgeon, to be a black man,—a negro, and Mr. Taylor seeing the trouble of the father for the loss of his chil dren, would he dare say to the poor negro, " Go home, and believe in the Lord Jesus Christ ?" Not he : fur if he were to approach the negro, even in the capacity of a clergyman, or if a Roman Catholic priest were to venture to put the sign of the cross on a black man in Texas, what would be the consequence ? He would be either shot on the spot, or he would be taken, tarred, feathered, whipped, and started on a log into the nearest river, to find his way to the bottom, or t o some more hospitable locality. Such is the true spirit of re- • ligious toleration in Texas. And this is to write history ! We shall not trouble ourselves further with Mr. Mail lard's volume. From the extracts we have made the public will know what to think of it. The independence of Texas being solemnly recognised by the Governments of the United States, England, France, Belgium, and Holland, may be safely regarded as placed beyond the chances of a successful Mexican invasion. Moreover, there is much - more grounds for ap prehending that Mexico will become a province of Texas, that than the latter republic will ever again submit her Saxon neck to the iron yoke of Mexico. THE PRINCIPAL DIFFICULTIES OF THE SLIDING SCALE REMOVED, with a Plan for equcitizirig the Expenditure and Incom e of the United Kingdom. By the Rev. Thomas Farr, Mr. Farr has published two pamphlets pre- ' best sinil liatirt subjects, entions . We cannot, a lv d tilt t l i ii i is it t , lole t n is he states, that th e d ec i s i on a l l . i n i o t i l u i s i , s e i a l :t e e r t d : rpri ce t o th e idingscale,has of the majority at the late election in favour of adequate by nat s ofa r em ie ui i i e rati i s i s la e n cu d l io il r ig d a an tenant,d the smallest influence on the nature and charac ter of the Corn-law, or does anything more then ensure its continuance till the public obtain a conviction of its mischief. Mr. Farr takes a different view, and labours with praiseworthy deference to the temporary opinion of the temporary majority, to lay aside his own opinions. He accordingly slides about, and to secure all possible good effects actually " Lot 5. Two pieces of land, numbered on the Map XVII. and XVIIL, containing together 10a. Ir. 23p., and now in the occupation of Mr. Charles Maplestone." —Old rent, 11/. ss. ; new, 261. Sum total of old rents, 641..155. ; of new ditto, 1 0 4/. 55.; an increase of more than 99 per cent. in 8 years above the rent given in 1833. I am grieVed to say the wages of the labourer have not Increased in the sante proportion. Those who farm their own land, as nluell for inntlSeittent as profit, gene rally give 12s. per Week, wet and dry ; those who odeupy as tenants, or farmers by trade, pay 10s., vret and dry, and 11s. if the labourer is taken ff his work during the wet weather. The lo'we'st Vric6 of flour, called seconds, was during the year 18 . S1, it was for a short time as low as Is. 4d. per stone ; it then retlia/oed for a long period at ls. 6d. per stone, and has of late been sold at 2s, Bd, per stone. The wages of the me chatiid, - eftiployed by the agricultural labourer, have in no way varied. A patten-malter, whom I have examined on the subject, has worked many years far the same master, when flour was 16d., 18d., and 2s. Bd. a Stdilt!, his wagas were the same—half-a-crown a day. All the FitdpkeeperS Inform me, when corn is dear in this the rifest rigrietiltitral part df Bogland, their trade is not so good, because the larger the stint of money their usual customers must lay out in bread, the less they have left for other things ; but there are many who rarely ttiSt6 bread, particularly those who are too old to work, and receive the parish allowance of 2s. a week ; they pay Is. a week for house rent, and have only Is. left for food, fire, and clothes J . they generally purchase a sack of po tatoes, which, with red herrings, constitute their food, the high price of flour rendering it ihipossible for them to have bread for the greater part of the year, The landlord appears to be the only gainer. It is singular to find Mr. Farr speaking of the Legislature deciding and settling the price of Wheat, as if that were its business. What right has any Legislature to settle the price of any commodity ? The best part of the joke, however, is, that the landlords, as improvers and as law= makers, are in conflict with themselves. All agricultural improvement, deserving of the name, proditte torn cheaper, that is, lower its price. On the one hand, then, the landlords labour to lower pride, and on titcl dtlidf they nialte laws to keep it up. Poor men! they are Sd dfraid of their own stupendous improvements in the way of Onk tivation, that they guard themselves against the consequences ; and enact a law to prevent them fiorn lleitig impoverished by their own skill. It is somewhat dishonest, too, to produce a commodity by less cost, and then eiernand the same price for it as if it had cost thetti it ottiriltet stlrth THE CORN-LA W.. Plcir Effects on the Trade of the Country Considered, with gdyytistions for a coin • promise, 4-c. 4,-c. By David Salomons, _egg. Compromise seems the order of the day amongst Corn , law pamphleteers. Mr. Farr is for u.compromise ; Mt. Salorttons recommends compromise, but his compromise is the extraor dinary one of a 10s.fixed duty, with a little slid. Ing scale of his own between 50s. and Ws., When the duty is to vary 6d. for every shilling the price varies. Though we approve of none of these schemes, seeing them put forth gives us satisfaction, because it indicates a conviction that the present law cannot be maintained, and each one is anxious to suggest the compromise by which they may be got rid of. Mr. Salomons's pamphlet points out the influ ence of the Cora-laws on the currency, on trade, ' and, in particular, their influence and disturbing effects on prices abroad; and Mr. Salomons also explains the great injury these laws inflict on the country, by inducing the merchant to give much more for corn in the nearer markets rather than risk loss by buying at a cheaper rate at a more distant market. We quote a brief passage : In a small degree every market has felt the influence of British demand, but the weight of it has fallen on the nearer ports of Europe, where supplies could with facility be snatched up, to be entered for home consumption dur ing the fleeting interval when the duty was at the lowest. Go to the corn-market, and advise with your factor on the state and prospect of the harvest. State to him your opinion of the probability of the wheat crop proving de ficient, and that the markets throughout the country are rising in consequence. Suggest to him that wheat may be bought in Sicily, or some Mediterranean port, at 30s. per quarter—What would he say ? His reply would be—lf you are looking to a rise in the market to produce you a quick and sure return, you had better direct your attention to Dantzig, or Hamburg ) , for there you will be in a situation to realise, at a low duty, an advantage you may forego by going to the distant port. You are, therefore, recommended to pay 505. per quarter at the nearer, rather than 30s. at the distant port—lnverting the ordinary principles of trade, you are advised to buy the dear it:stead of the cheap commodity Surely this is a reckless waste of the pro perty of the country. Yet it is perfectly true—a matter of daily occurrence inherent in the false principle ou which the existing Corn-Jaws are framed. What have been, and indeed what are, the of produced on the trade with the United States at this moment—a country with which we have the most intimate commercial inter course, and to which we export the greatest amount of manufactured goods. Observe the value of our exports to that country, and look at cur imports, and see what quantity of wheat or flour we have received from thence. The value of the goods sent in the three years 1838,1839 and 1840 exceeded 28,512,0001., and the whole quantity of wheat and flour received from the United States, during the same period, did not amount to four hundred thousand quarters, which, at the rate of 50s. per quarter, is under the value of a million sterling ; whilst our importations from ports in Europe were 6,365,000 quarters of wheat and flour, which, at the same rate of valuation, amounted to 15,914,000/. We not only pass by those markets where corn may be had on the easiest terms, but we exchange our manufac tures at a disadvantage in order to obtain bullion to pay for an article bought at the highest price at ports within the influence of our low rates of duty. Seeing that we imported nine millions of quarters of corn within a period' of four years, is it too much to suppose that the average price of this corn was raised on us at least 20s. per quar ter, by which means we have recklessly thrown away nine millions sterling of the resources of the country. Mr. Salomons, like every person who treats the same side of the question, points out an im mense mass of evils which result from the pre sent law. For the whole of them, and for all the evils which can be imagined of the same de scription, free trade is the adequate remedy : nor has any person pointed out any evils further than temporary ones, which would result from having a free trade in corn. Some land, it is supposed, might be thrown out of cultivation for a brief space; we might, it is said, be made de pendent on other nations; both of which are imaginary, and (were they real) trifling evils, -compared to the dreadful misery inflicted by the Corn-laws. The remedy for sliding scales, fixed duties, &c., is a completely free trade, which has none of their disadvantages. THE SITE OF THE ROYAL EXCHANGE.— At the meeting of the Society of Antiquaries, held last Thursday evening, a paper of considerable interest was read by M. C. R. Smith. on the recent discovery of Roman antiquities in London, particularly with reference to the foundations of the new Royal Exchange. The c ompletion of the foundation was much retarded by the excavators finding an extensive gravel pit, which it re quired many loads of concrete to fill, on the part oppo site to the entrance of the Bank of England. It after wards appears to have been employed to receive the rub bish and refuse from the shops and houses of the City, and amongst the debris removed were large quantities of bones and other remains of animal and vegetable matters, with abundance of articles of domestic life, as shoes and sandals ; knives and cutting instruments, on sonic of which were engraven the names of the makers ; and some weaving instruments, 'in which part of the wool remained entwined, and which seemed to show the anti quity of this staple branch of British manufacture. There were also found coins of Vespasian, D om i t i an, and Severus ; but in the rubbish at top were coins of much later dates, showing this part of the city to be of comparatively recent formation. Prom the discovBr3 within the last few years of tesseim in the B an k of Eno.- land, Cornhill, and the site of the French church in Threadneedle-street, where Roman villas doubtless stood the results of the present inquiry seemed to show that Roman London was continually entrenching on the fields which surrounded it, and that the excavation alluded to was situated in fields, A few days ago, a boiler at th e G overnment manufac tory of steam-engines, at Indret, near Nantes, burst, and seriously wounded four men, . ALMANACS FOR 1842. 7:71E .73YtEIVERS' ANNUAL ALMANAC, 1842. • By George Amsinch, Long-acre. This. nnual will be found useful to publicans .and brewers, as it furnishes numerous statistical tables respecting brewing, distilling, and the quantity of malt wetted by the brewers of Lon don and its neighbourhoo6, for the fbur years ending October 10, 1841, with a Coll account of the number of brewers, victuallers; and beer sellers in the United Kingdom, stating - the num ber of each cla§li; who brew their own heer;. and the quantity of matt consumed by them dui"; i tikt year 1840. The compiler, naturally indigl• at a paragraph which appeared in the pa pers, " Great Decrease in ilia' Consump tion of Lon46tr Porter," satisfactorily' eßplains the matter. It aipptals that the superior' quality of the malt last year aecounts for the defrait in the quantity wetted, that the houses that brew' portgrOply are scarcely down atoll, and that ati the new' malt is sadly deficient i t ti quality, the London jourtifilti will have an opportor1”; of stat ing in large chargefrn next year, ‘.‘ Great In crease in the Consumption of London Porter," He does not, however,. attempt to deny that Cl3re has been a considerable falling off in the use of ale in London, as well as the quantity ex ported. This circumsta.mw can excite no sur prise, as gene'r'ally speaking the London-made ale is the worst in the kingdom. THR POOR MAN'S COMPANION,6r. flabson, Leeds; and Cleave, _London. This is a Political Almanack for 1842, showing the anintint and application of the taxel3 raised from the industry of the working classes, and containing much information for them, and some also that may be useful to those horn only to Mistitne their productions. Among other statis tical tables; it gives a summary of the resources of Great Britain, comparison between the produc tiveand unproductivelclatses, and long and instruc tive answers to the question, "How are the taxes a pplied 7" " The Cost of the Church," and the " Black LISt l " may also be perused with advan tage. "The :EnFlish Church," says the com piler, "is very dear ; much more so than any other. It is computed that tfie sums paid to the clergy of nil other Christian ChurcYes for ministering to 2.03,7-.11,000 persons, amount or; to '9,849,060/. while the clergy of England and feziland pocket 10,886,1520 SLAVERY IN RUSSIA. On the Paane day that we have to announce that Russia is a party to the treaty for abolishing the slave trade, iu she has little ar no con , cern, the Tory Times coritelitis the following de- SCription of Slavery in Russia An instance of a noble, WIN, had his female serfotlezged for in toxication, beirrg an ultra-Liberal, a tkilent de mocrat, a disciple oriatmennais in his library, is a good illustration of the small effect that the culture of the Russian nobles Piss on their social state. faild it over as it will the original barba rism is not to be concealed, as is happily ex pressed in a mina& O•ted. by Captain Jesse Il ant toujours attendre; dans un connaissance Russe, de voir un jour le peau cle Fours.' "This is the condition of the enlightened class, which is further illustrated by the state in which they alio?, the other class to remain—a class from whom every particle of moral or intellectual light seems to be carefully excluded, except in those few instances where, from accomplishrrien to in the serf, the lord hopes to derive a profit. Among the unfortunate body of serfs there seems to prevail one unmitigated system of barbarity, the slavery of their minds being worse than the slavery of their bodies. TV at • one of the thoughts which elevate man above the level of an astute animal Pppears to exist amid the utter darkness. Their habits are filthy and revolting to the most repul siye degree; the one shirt is worn unwashed from Lager to Easter, their pleasure is but bestial in to,ication, the very feast held in honour of their deceased relatiVeS being a disgusting gorge over the tombs, and a colninnal swill of the national spirit called ' votka.' For the serf' there is no hope of an elevation above hig degradation ; the notion of emanci pation' *Thiel/ once existed in a few li beral mind, seems now to be wholly extinct; and even it this slave can acquire exten sive wealth, he is liable to be called on to per forni the most menial offices at the table of his master ; be is incapacitated from purchasing his freedom, and the lord takes a false glory in exhibiting to his friends the wealth of his de pendent, not with the ho lest pride with which a proprietor would show the prosperity of his te nantry, btit ander circumstances that prove his willingness to make their villenage conspicuous. The religion of these serfs (as well as of many that are not serfs) is a superstition of the most degrading kind, little more that: a reverence for charms and usages; for, as for a higher object, it seems by no means clear to the pea sant of Russia which is the highest, the Deity or the Emperor, a doubt which all pains are taken to foster, since there is not a posthouse where the Imperial arms are not made almost an object of worship. An adoration similar to that of the hat, which Gessler endeavoured to introduce atnotr• the Swiss, is adopted with great compla cency try the Russian serf; if indeed the name of complacency can be given to a state of unresist ing dulness. Nor does it seem, from observations which Captain Jesse has made, that these serf's are merely slaves of the soil, though legally they cannot be sold without it. Many expedients are used, he says, to evade the prohibitive ukase, which of course render the serf? , slaves in the extreme Havannah sense of the word." THE NON-INTRUSION QUESTION. The following statement appears in the Glasgow Argus. We are not inclined to give much credit to it, as we can not imagine Sir Robert Peel and the Earl of Aberdeen would sacrifice the religious and civil liberty of the people of Scotland, to the selfish claims of the Non-In trusionist-clergy ! Better proof must be afforded before we can believe them so pusillanimous as to desert their own friends and the friends also of law and order, and transfer the whole power of the Kirk into the hands of men whose unprincipled conduct for the last six years has brought her to the brink of ruin:—" If we are not misinformed, we shall soon be enabled to lay before our readers, in such a shape as to merit their attention, some account of the results in which the negotiations between the Non-Intrusion Committee of the General Assembly and the Members of her Majesty's Go vernment' have terminated. We speak, at this moment, on rumours that have just reached ourselves, and have come to us through channels on which we know that we can place very great reliance. We confess that we are astonished beyond measure at the information which has been conveyed to us, and which amounts to this, that a Bill is to be brought into Parliament by her Majesty's Government giving to the Church Courts in Scotland the full measure of 'the liberiam arbitriuni—in other words, placing the settlement of ministers in vacant parishes in the hands of the Church, non obstante the patron or the people ! Under this Bill, the patron may contend that his presentee is qualified,' and the people may say he is acceptable ;' but if the Church Courts determine, without reason asked or given, that he is unsuitable' for the cure, the pre sentation, and what would be denominated the cull,' are alike to be set aside ! Such is the only meaning which this proposed Bill—a draft of which we have seen —ap pears to us capable of bearing. It purports to be a modification of Lord Aberdeen's, and is, in fact, an edi tion of the Duke of Argyll's, giving more decidedly the whole power in settling ministers to the Church Courts." HONESTY REWARDED.—Between eight and nine o'clock on Monday morning a gentleman named Edwin Wells, residing in Abingdon-street, Westminster, was on his way to the City, and in passing through the crowd assembled in Newgate-street to witness the exe cution of Ward some expert thief contrived to rob him of his pocket-book. Mr. Wells did not miss it at the time, but was surprised on his arrival at his office in B uc kl ers: bury to find a boy inquiring for him, and who pre sented him with his pocket-book. The honest littlefel- low had examined the contents of the book, which bad picked up in Newgate-street, and finding theimietho he va:uable sought for the address of the a owner, which he found written upon a piece of paper pasted book. Mr. Wells gave the little fellow two within the and took down his name and pl ace of b two sovereigns, a to see to his welfare. The cont ents of ode, p rom i sing consisted of two 301. Bank of England the pocket-book property, amounting altogeth er ina value v l notes, and other to about 250/. COMMISSION OF LUNACY.—On Thursday last, a Commission de Lunatico Inquirendo as to the state of mind of Mr. Th omas in this county, wa s held at Ware Clay, of Witcham, the Hoop H o t e l, before W. Hunt, Esq., G. L ea pi n Esq., three of the Commissioner li , Esq., and F. J. Gunning, issioners. After a number of witnesses had been called the unfortunate ge ntleman was brought i n , an d ' in answer to uestions put to him, I stated his Christian name Lo ndon,that there were was fourteen shillin in sixpences in half-a-crown ;gs a sovereign, and eight and being asked to cou nt four p ens, stated, first t hat there were eight, then nine, and then fourteen.. ; The Ju expressed themselves perfectly ~,s , a sued , and immediately returned a verdict, through E. Foster rtheir that Mr. Thomas Ware , 4 . , 5 -.., 4 foreman, Clay was a confirmed lunatic, and incapable of managing his Own affairs, and had been so since the 17th December, 1 8 2 1.—Cambridge Advertiser. Last night, shortly after nine o'clock, as.a poor man engaged by Mr. Jacobs, the ven who was only yesterday triloquist, to take care of the Strand Theatre, was in the 1 act of passing over Waterloo -bridge with a small parcel, and had just reached the toll-gate on the Surrey side, he suddenly stagger, ed a nd fell to the ground. He was in stantly removed to the shop of Mr. Handley - , surgeon, at the corner of Upper Stamford-street, but life was extinct. He was about sixty years of age. 'rile Duchess of Somerset has, for the last three weeks, been suffering from severe illness. Yester day it was stated, in answer to inquiries, that the Duchess was much better, and that not the slightest danger was apprehended. Dr. Chambers and Mr. Locock are in daily attendance. EVENING SUN TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUI I. I reason Sica,—l n the aameolreigi humanity, ant I earnestly and respectfully beg the favour of tb e inset, tion, in your Journal, of the following corvine :ng and conclusive argument against the dreadful custeen of war. —Yoir's, &c. H. MAR=TIN. 16, Wood-street, Brompton, Kent. SUPERIORITY OF ARBITRATION OVER WATT. War pays no regard to the merits of a case. Its rule i s might, not.right. But arbitration does oon skier those merits. Again; the stronger party being more - liteely than the weaker to be the aggressor, a re sore to war in the case renders it probable that the injured party will receive additional injury, instead of obtaining redress ; whereas, by arbitration, flat party would in all probability obtain r edress. In cases where two parties are nearly equal in strength, by resorting to war, they generally leave off where they err n, nothing being decided, and both parties being saely injured. Arbitration in such cases, also. would answer a better purpose in both respects. And in eases where the stronger party is the injured one, nl- Laugh by a resort to war, redress is generally obtained, hoer hard the way of obtaining it ! Arbitration.' seould afford it in an easier Way, In every case, se en , the ends of justice are better subscrved by arbi tration than by war, and all the evils of war are pre vented besicies. Furthermore ; war is an intiJagement of the independence of nations. Surely it is - such an infringement, fOr one nation to dictate to another, end to A ttempt to enforce its dictation, as is away* done by . one of the parties in war. But arbitrat ion respects national sovereignty. Here is no dictatiree, no coercorr, nothing but friendly counsel. Ones: more ; by resorting to war, nations violate one of the, plainest dictates of reason, viz., that parties should not. be judges irr their own cases, which they always assume to be kr war Arbitration respects this dictate, by providi'ug a disinterested party as a judge. Then again : the custom of war affords the strong an opportunity to oppress the weak, and the am bitious to pursue their schemes of conquest and aggran dizement. Arbitration is a check to oppression and ambition, and the best security of the defenceless. And again ; the custom of war, by which nations take their position on what they denominate the point of honour, refusing to make the pteper concessions anti overtures for the preservation of peace, and sacrificing justice itself to resentment and pride is one vast sys tem of duelling. The principle of international arbi tration is the principle of order and peace on a scale of equal magnitude. Jo short, every reason that can be urged in favour of the peaceful adjustment of individual disputes, and against a resort to individual violence; can be urged with as much greater force in favour of international arbitration, and against: war, as the evils of war exceed in ever; respect the evils resulting from individual combat. Now, then, if the ends of justice itself can be better sub served by arbitration than by war, and so much evil p •evented, and so much good done, what plea remains for war ? Extracted from the Appendix of the ilmericals Prize Essays on a Congress of Nations. DISCOVERIES IN THE TEMPLE CHURCH. Oa the southern side of the building, near the hi& altar, is an elegat3 marble piscine or lavacrum, which wes in like manner discovered on pulling down the modern oak wainscoting - , This interesting remnant of antiquity has been beautifully restored, and well merits attention. It was cocstructed for the use of the priest who officiated at the adjoining sOtar, and was intended to receive the water in which the tAbalice had been rinsed, and in which the priest washed his hands before the consecration of the bread and wine. It consists of two perforated hollows or small basins, in closed in an elegant marble niche, adorned' with two graceful arches, which rest on small marble cclumns. The holes at the bottom of the basins comsun9icate with two conduits or channels for draining oil the water, which anciently made its exit through the thick walls of the church. In the olden time, before the con secration of the host, the priest walked to the accompanied by the c!erk, who poured water over his bands, that they might be purified from all stain bo.- fore he ventured to touch the body of our Lord. Ctzes of these channels was intended to receive the water ins which the priest washed his hands, and the other that in' which ha had rinsed the chalice. The piscina, conse quently, served the purposes of a sink.—Addison's His tory of the Knights Temple rs. FREDERICK WILLIAM L's EARLY AVERSION TO POMP. In his boyhood Frederick William manifested nu pleasure in the extravagant splendour with which he was surrounded. An eye-witness relates, that " wham the first coat like a man's was made for the Prince,. bordered with broad gold lace, he looked at it with to lerable satisfaction, and quietly suffered it to be put on hint ; but when a dressing gown of brocade was brought to him, he examined it before and behind, inside and outside, and then, snatching it up, flung it into. the fire, env', as it was winter time, there happened to be a very large one." Another not less decided indication of his aversion to useless expense was given by hire while Priosv Royal. One day, on entering the King's ante ? chamber, lie there found several courtiers and chamber lains seatc6l round a blazing tire. The Prince, vrho had begun co weer a unifiirm, had been exempted from the burden of a IloNing wig, and had only a bob ; baing in a merry vciu, he took off his light brad-covering , and consigned it to the flames, with the exclamatit-o„ " A scoundrel who will not do the same !" Tho cc ti.rtiers looked aghast at each other, but they had no thoice left ; the grave air and emphatic tone or the Prince Royal coined them that it was not meant for a joke. One after the other lifted the huge mass, beplast,a ed with pomatum and powder, front his bare sconce, ttnd with unwilling hand committed it to the flames. N ot merely did the courtiers regret the lots of an expensEve apparatus, which, mostly imported from Paris, and chargeable with a high stamp duty, cost two hundreei dollars, or, perhaps, a larger sum, but, what was stilt more painful to them, was to see their hopes of the, future government of such a Sovereign vanish in smoke,. which left behind it not the most agreeable odour."—. Campbell's Frederich the Great and his Times. The Censeur of Lyons reports that several young men of that city, belonging to families in easy circumstances, were arrested, on tne 14th inst., as par ticipators in robbing the Lyons and Turin diligence of 27,000 f., which we have already mentioned. THE TEMPLE CHURCH.—Shortly after the Reformation, the Protestant lawyers, from an over anxious desire to efface all the emblems of the Popish: faith, covered the gorgeously-painted ceiling of this ve nerable structure with an uniform coating of whitewash;; they buried the antique tesseleted pavement under hun dreds of cart-loads of earth and rubbish, on the surface of which, two feet above the level of the ancient floor, they placed another pavement, formed of old grave stones. They, moreover, disfigured ail the magnificent marble columns with a thick coating of plaster and paint, and destroyed the beauty of the elaborately wrought mouldings of the arches, and the el-quisite.ty carved marble ornaments, with thick incrustations al whitewash, clothing the whole edifice in one uniforne garb of plain white, in accordance with the puritanical: ideas of these times..—Addison's History of the 16:49hts Tempt - tr.% The Carlisle Patriot has the following im portant news :—llre are informed that during the recent; bvyisitthoefdSii:elJ.saiomnesofG. various raham to lr Netherby,ater.course water-courses, has pro vieted. abundant employment fo r t h e l a b ourers of the distr i ct , BOROUGH OF MARYLEBONE BANK. — Las t evening. a consider a bl e num b er of shareholders assem bl e d at the Boar and Castle, Oxford -street, for the purpose of adopting measures for th e protection of the sharehol ders from the threatened consequences of litigation. The chair was t a k en b y Mr. Parnell, w ho explained the ob ,- jects of the meet i ng ; and was followe d a t c onsiderable length by M r . Abrahams m , a shareholder , w ho took a re trospective vi ew o f the Abrahams of the Directory, which he characterised as being grossly at variance with the interests o f th e pro p r ietary- The respective financial statement s were described by Mr. Abrahams ; one being from the bank, and another from Mr. Quilter, an account ant., their v ar i a tion being described by the speaker as I Wed by moving evincing a desire to conceal. Tha l t ie t c h o is nc m t eetine• - do form a resolution to the effet- - fund, to be applied in liquidation: a defence society, and u n d d in defence of actions which might; of public creditors,.a. c I.idual proprietors," &c. A meet - be brought against individual L ying been appointed for Thurs day of the Directoz about calling a general meeting of day next to arrange the propri etors , not but till after the Directors had been: do so b • Mr. Bebb, solicitor to the pro prietors,much pressed to .y omitted to furnish a list of creditors, as they had and other i n formation, the above meeting had been, . After a vote of thanks to the Chairman, the called m eeting A acljourn to Tuesday, Jan. 11, 1842. THE Sr. HELEN'S MURDER.—A reward or 1501. is - ' illation as shall lead to the apprehension and conviction o f the murderers of Mr. Grayson, of Rainford, who wag recently found dead near Denton-green, St. Helen's; sea . by her Majesty's Government, 50/. by the personal re presentatives of the deceased, and 50/. by the Earl of Derby. Her Majesty's pardon is also held out to any , one giving the information, not being the person who aetually committed the murder. An Oxford student joined without invitation a party dining at an inn. After dining, he boasted so much of his abilities, that one of the party said, " You have told us enough of what you can do, tell us some thing you cannot do." " Faith," said he, "I cannot pay my share of the reckoning ! " The Editio Princeps of Virgil, which is now in the possession of a Noble Lord, was, a f ew years since, discovered in a monastery in Suabia. The jolly old monks to whom this valuable morsel belonged could not be prevailed on t ) part with it for money. It, how ever, happened to be known that they were remarkably fond of hock, which came to the ear of an English con noisseur, and for seven guineas worth of hock he ob tained this rare copy of Virgil. He afterwards sold it to a collector of books for 501., and it cost the present possessor 4001 A letter from Helvoetsluys states that, on the 11th instant, the Swedish brig Fanny, bound from Hull to St. Übes, was totally wrecked on the Ooster. The cap tain and two sailors were-saved. Two men were thrown ashorelifeless,and four more were believed to be drowned in the vessel .~~~