The Sun. — London, England, 1841-03-18 00:00:00

IN. • HE que• d appoin t !, r the and sin' of MLiae 'a ces, wa l ferred 'red to be 184 1 % fl ibled In t r dat e 0' Dno llild ) 1. g e° : od as fin e [ls Of tb 00 11 prO'' - 'UN so d A ' s to• e d ,tbat° s „eio a, .0' diti° ll : o er• the br .n P I 1r [oult °° ' g O 5 301er took a , Ilec te 1 3 1 cr. - Th e rn "" rtY 4th cI A GO — t ev elv a ti °l ,l 6 fool' d 1 )1 1 g a p. to ° et rear t. _ ---' MORNING EDITION._ t be purpose ; but ten, of great toil and difficulty, were aPrre before Lake Tuladi was reached. The remain tier of the detachment, united by the rc teen of tee en- Rineers, descended the north branch of the Grande Fourche to the junction of the south branch, ascended e th latter, an d made the portage to Green Rive!. In this the b oatmen were completely worn out, and the last of their food exhausted, just at the moment that sup- Plias, seat up the Grsea River to meat there, arrived at their camp. "No arrangement which could have been made woullf have sufficed to prevent the risk of famine which was thus eneourvered by the second detachment. A greater number of boats would have required more men, :. °4 these would have eaten ell they could have car led: No ether actual suffering but great fatigue and hn x: e;:Y were encountere d ; an d i t i s now o b v i ous th a t d the rains, which were so ebundent during the first Week of October, been snow (as they sometimes are in that climate), there would have been a risk of the de tachment perishing. The thi r d d etac h ment reache d t h e i r stat i on, on Green Riser mountain on the 13th of September, and continued there until the 12th of October. A full set of hero • • made ; the latitude well s metric ouservattons was eeterrnined by numerous altitudes, and the longitude by some lunar observati osi ons. r• The fourth detachment, after deptmg the stores e ended f or the return of the party in charge of the Commissary at Fort Ingell, oho politely under a the car e o f ascended the Tuladi, and, taking its northern branch, reached Lake Abagusquash. Here befitf the engineers wounded himself and was rendered uey r 9 e r duty The commissary then proceeded a jour nve days towards the east, blazing a path, and d t l o .ag signal to guide the second detachment.. The . us r e e t h eoce between the country as it actually exists, and e re ereLeete on any maps, prevented the Commissioner t . !II meeting this party. It found the source of the cen -11::: main b ranc h of iuladi to the north of that of the th 1 11 Noash ; and, f o ll ow i ng th e height of land, reached el: "'Po and narrow valley of the Rimouski, at the point ere, on the British maps, that stream is represented as . or e a um e e from a ridge of mountains far nor h of the line th e re , 4 to the King of the Netherland as the bounds of ttmerican el rim. The commissary, therefore, found er o l° 2 ° ssible to ascend the Rimoueki to its source ; and, eldiZ rl . its valley, found himself again on a dividing se evoebere he soon struck a stream running to the ts o u e tie a.st. This, from a comparison of courses and chs efse, is beli eve d to b e the source o f t h e ma i n b ranc h epode Grand Fourche of Restigouche ; and thus the I; and fourth detachments had reached points within I,,, ta rY short distance of each other. The greater heetal.th of the dividing ridge has thus been explored ; of thel the liasestouski which will form a deep indenture pa'ar4e,bounc.lary ' line. This Fele having been explored, ‘ll.t6lrliti6llll3%ist formed, after the assemblage of the several Temiscouate for the purpose of levelling b baromet, ; but the expedition was frustrated ( Irt 6l e h h c4v Y snow -storm, which set in On the 12th of e '• This, the most important of the . whole I% ere li ne therefore remains for future investigation. beli Onl y be stat e d th a t s t ron g grounds exist for the abi e %that it s summits are not only higher than any point th e p. has be en measure d , b ut t h at, a l t h oug h cut b y o f tC ltne " l ski, it exceeds in average elevation any part e disputed territory. t e gel'le levelling of the Temiscouate portage appeared te soe -ti n object of great importance, not only on its own As s utlt ' but as furnishing a basis for future operations. laa 4 l , tl as a sufficient force bad been assembled et stir s : 4e,miscouats, a party was, therefore, formed to itiv e , l i t " Portage with a theodolite. Orders were also Abi el °Y the Commissioner that the first barometer Potty I S hould be returned should be carried over the Rool-age•lt was believed that this double provision . Yosd" havet secured the examination of this point. be (the- t ne chance of failure. A snow storm, however to) sa me whi c h i nterrupted t h e l ist operation referred il! le t in after the level had been run to the mountain his ; and one of the labouring, men, worn out by ere eed t eod lag fatigue s , fell sick. The parry being thus hirte e e i r f ed insufli c i eo t, the engineer in command found c, c oMpell e d t o return . Th e con t em pl a t e d opera tlorjiao it n the b arometer was a l so f rust - ate d ; f or , on as nation ' n ation at T emiseouata, it wag found that a ll were jeet 0 , 1 9' further service. In order that the desired ob ill'at!,,g,illtphc accomplished, a new expedition was de irorn New York on the 12th of November, ttsr aro i e -e `' with four barometers. This party, by great th e irs, reached St. Andre, on the St. Lawrence, on ti rkday, and accomplished the object of its.m.is tekericee operation was rendered possible at this in• add ie season, by its being confined to a beaten road, 4 ,rthe vicinity of human habitations. 0 04 s ir e country which has been the object of this re ht eliasanee is, as may readily be understood, of very , s r ;l 4 , t access from the settled parts of the St ,te of Oy the lt ; '8 also, at best, almost impenetrable, except lash teat necourses. It furnishes no supplies, except , I , 4 e 4 e il i ee s mall game, nor can these be obtained by a flo w - pS Party, w hi c h canno t be strong enough to th a l?" hunt ers an d fi shermen as a const i tuent part. teetTrd detachment alone derived any important be tties:om these sources. The best mode of supplying dr aw sa Moving: on the eastern section, woul.l be to iseied:risions and stores from tho Sr. Lawrence. It lief of "'now obvious, although it is contrary to the be rltith til :°Y of the persons professing to . be acquainted i r ate aebiect that bad the Commissioner proceeded o s i e — e a w York,. by the way of Montreal and Quebec, • o ra s i'',"t have reched the district assigned to him a Ne a t earlier, and have accomplished twice as much exAaslthaio3,4Pa,rty was able to perform. gu much remains to be done in this region, knowledge of a country hitherto unknown i I llee e ad -41Plored has been obtained ; and this not ore). Pt r ete r rfill eh light upon the boundary question in its 4 11 s tAte, but will be of permanent service in case . I{o el,,;! t her ex parte examination, or a joint Ceinrres re,t`g agreed upon between the Governments of 11.41'is Sgt agreed and the United States. S."oli e godson was too late for any efficient work, as ept o t ',°, be explored was not reached before the 22d of ty slot On l y were the rivers at their lowest ebb, but 'arlY ~4 8 Met, in the progress of the parties, as 2st ; 3 4 the 12th of September, and snow fell on the h 'alts o l . - " 2 , 2 d of Septembr. The actual act ing in of 'tea; welch sometimes occurs in the first week of t he cr, was therefore to be dreaed. From this time tis,°,lhtltrY becomes unfit for travelling of any &scrip, t.t e ,ait n " the streams are bound with solid ice, and a ar c *it - e rtned an the snow of sufficient firmness to Passable on snow shoes. The only road is that i ghL ue St. John's river and it would he almost f° ; s r e _ . s• wi t . / son , party ensfant more than . ten or twehe tHat stream, to extricate itself after the "I‘l° d egins ut 14 4 gre e se, Y Could be well imagined more Neely to be ` e e oh!'" than that assigned to Professor Renwick. t i ar tk aeil e 7 , t fe t. asible mode ofapproach lay, for hundreds n g le r t "rough the acknoeledged limits of the Bra ; and the lice he was directed to explore ssirase k within the military posts of that nation. • ea e ghb our likened to the entry upon the land ofa h e a tler th for the purpose of inquiring into iris title,. t I t Pttie ti :a:e ci rcumstances of anticipated d'ffieul k ty, tom the duty as well as his pleasure to ac nowd "ga,fe all uniform attention and civilities he experience Paa 2 • l3 i l e l ities, whether in official or private stations. Job tis lona- f . Dt e , o Y 0 interruption by the authorities Il ee nted bY a proclamation of his Exec lency Sir Ittee of —veYs R.C.8., Lieutenant-Governor of the ql a New B • le c , runswiek ; and the British warden, tt e • kl atine ' - 'aughlin, was personally instrumental in efetaes: `°e comf or t s o f the Commissioner and his if t e e er s of ei lt allar attentions were received fromai Commandant (kelt e garrison at Fort Inge 1, .the . Comm d l'erooe of Quebec, and from his Exce.loney the 4 0 _ Gov oral of Quebec, and from his , Excel , leney tee -teineral. Even the hoeprivaac,eknopv,e,riesedngs -4 ,oftti; rtY :night be affected by the (Da,tit American claim, exhibited a generous Itt T h Y i ; tilt) • ar tY, under the direction of C.V. Talcott,. t o Dtsmettlements on Hall's stream on the 6th of th we 4 -- t e ° ;:' The main branch of this source was fol . th e Se so urce in a swam p, i n w hi c h a branch of thllart y r f a n,els el se h ad i ts origin. From th i s po i nt 01I e „St. Q w `kwed th e r id ge di v idi ng t h e A t l ant i c f rom tle; 4 ° lar i a t -r e e nee watere until it was supposed that S ep woriC t l e aes of Indian stream had been beaded. In tori t 'ath er ga Party was employed until the 14th of th e R ay riv It now arrived et a point where the . Me pre N ot er should be found to the left, according to ared 4 i ..)thentie map of the country ell(i l ot ed iri a Y l especially that gn, New Hampshire Commissioner, ap e•so to explore the boundary of that State, 4 11 4 ' here an Ylog that report*. The party, accord the well north to avoid being led from the • , sht. Il!%ri, of the land' by the dividing ridge between sl e ,ver' e e i e s t rn ie at: and Androscoggin rivers. After cross to tt ,Al l, t all streams, it cane, on time afte.rnaom of gara g e e4r, ° a rivulet about twelve feet wide, running ts e a we. / ; ~w h ich was supposed to be the main Me lre., t e e , ' c oq '• was spent in exploring, it to its .ti tak e , e r n cXt day it was discovered that what had e 'OO rigor lor th e tributary of nl`os , Itlegelioway eas a t 4 oaentle l large branch of the St. .ancis ; and he eti • l l ' tare Party was considerably to the north t , te e (-are. t 'la • supply e e Its e of provisions did not allow the party to t e a th e tr l ePs to the point where it had diverged 'lst e ii el lang e ti d e 41 '"aliag ridge. The course was there -04; .the 2e,: a nati it bore a little south ; but it was not taller / ri , - ,e l tit it the party found itself again on the ay,and then upon the waters of the Ma. V3 O T tle reaeb.2d Arnold river, or Chaudiere, fe l 1 4 r e ; 'Ylegantie, on the 24th of September. After the ,L al teel, and taken a fresh supply of provisions 11:Vo det'aeel:ilot established there, the party soar divided_ prn er o : ln ente• Ono returned westward, to find le e " C o he State of New Hampshire, as marked „'" i lar y in 1789 appointed to trace the e• It e• `}true" ther o ascertained that the corner was.," Al, o, v r ide', and not from eight to tea miles -- V 'hgeasC e e te Ho. R 1 6, ce •pc., 3' s-ssion, 25tb south, as had been erroneously reported by the sur veyor emplosed by the New Hampshire Commisaion ers in 1836, and r.)iterated in sveral official papers. From the State corner, the dividing ridge was folowed to where it had been previously explored by the patty. Thence a course was taken to the north-east, so as to reach the head of Lake Megantic, and thence to Lake Ma;:autnac, where, on the Bth October, the two detach ments were again unite I. The detachment led by the assistant, Mr. Cutts, had successfully followed the di viding ridge from 'the camp of the 24th, on Arnold Rise-, to this place. " It was now ascertained that the provisions remain , lug were not sufficient to subsist all of the company until the Kennebec road could be reached by iollowing the height of land. It was thought advisable again to separate into detachments—one to follow the ridge, supplied with provisions for 20 days ; and the other to strike for the nearest settlement, which, it was sup posed, could be reached in four or five days. This movement commenced on the 10th of October, and the detachiner:t, following the high land, reached the Kennebec road on the 23d ; and on the following day provisions for the party for 15 days were placed there, and a like quantity at the mouth of the Metjarmette. It was intended that the two detachments should move simultaneously from these two points on the 26th to ex plore the boundary line as far as Lake Etchemin. A deep snow, which commenced fa:ling on the night of the 25th, compelled the Commissioners to abandon further explorations at that time ; and there was not the slightest probability that they could be resumed before another year. The result of these explorations may be stated as follows " About 160 miles of country along or near the height of land' have been traversed, the travelled dis tances carefully estimated, uad the courses measured with a compass. Barometrical observations were made as often as necessary, for giving a profile of the route from the head of Hall's stream to Arnold's, or the Chaudiere river, and thence to Like Magaumac via the corner of the State of New Hampshire•. Same further barometrical observations were made between this lake and the Kennebec road ; but, for a portion of that dis tance, the barometer was unserviceable, in consequence of air having entered the tube. Astronomical observa tions were made as often as there was an opportunity, but, owing to the prevalence of clouds, not as often as was desirable. They will serve for correcting the courses and estimated distances as travelled. Barometrical observations for comparison were made at the intersec tion of the Kennebec road and height of land, hourly, from seven a.m. to five p.m., while the parties were on the dividing ridge. " The only discovery of interest made by this party is, that the Megalloway river does not head any of the branches of the Connecticut, as it was generally be lieved it did ; and, consequently, our claim to Hall's stream is deprived of the support it would have had, from the fact that ad the other branches were headed by an Atlantic river, and, consequently, could not be reached by the line along the height of land from the north-west angle of Nova Scotia. " The other Commissioner (Major J. D. Graham) did not receive his appointment until 16th August, to fill the place left vacant by the non-acceptance of Pro fessor Cleveland ; and to him was assigned the survey and examination of the due-north line, commencing at the source of the River St. Croix, and extending to the highlands which divide the waters that flow into the River St. Lawrence, from those which flow into the Atlantic Ocean. "Immediately after receiving his appointment, he took t`-:e necessary steps for organising his party ; and, in addi tion to two officers of the corps of topographical engineers, assigned to him by the commandant of the corps for this service, he called to his aid two civil engineers, possess ing the requisite qualifications for the duties to be per formed. So soon as the requisite instruments could be procured, and put in proper order, he left New York for Portland, Mainf , , where he arrived on the sth of September, expecting there to join his colleagues of the commission. They had, however, proceeded to the points designated for the commencement of their respew tive duties ; the season being No far advanced to justify their incurring any further delay. " At Portland, a short conference was had with Mr. Stubbs, the agent of the State Department, who fur nished the necessary means for procuring an outfit for the party, in provisions, camp equipage, &C. " The party then proceeded to Bangor, where it was occupied until the 12th in procuring the necessary sup plies of provisions, camp equipage, transportation, &e., to enable it to take the field ; and a few astronomical observations were male here, for the purpose of testing the rates of the chronometers which were to be used upon this service, as will as of obtaining additional data for computing the longitude of this place, which, together with the latitude, had been determined by the Commissioners, by a very near approximation to the summer of 1838, while occupied upon the inil:tary re connoisances of the north-eastern frontier. On the I:2th, the Carty left Bangor for Houlton, where it arrived on the evening of the 13th. A dept. of provisions was established here for supplying the line of their future operations, and the services bf the requi site number of men, as axe-men, chtsin•bearers, instru ment•carriers, &c. Pending these preparations, and the time neces sarily occupied in cutting a roadway through the forest, from a convenient point on the Cal.sis road to the monument at the source of the raver S:. Croix, a series of astronomical observations were made, both by day and by night, by which the 1 ititudo and longitude of Houlton were satisfactorily determined, and the rates of the chronometers further tested. " By the 24th of September, the roadway was suffi ciently opened to permit a camp to be established upon the experimental meridian line, traced by the United States and British surveyors in the year 1817, when an attempt was made to mark this portion of the boun dary bet:seen the tso countries, agreeable to the pro visions of the treaty of Ghent of 1815. " The provisions and camp equipage were trans ported upon a strong, but roughly constructed sledge, drawn by horses, whilst the instruments were carried by hand ; the surface of country over which this road way was opened being too rough for any wheeled vehicle to pass. " The point decided upon as the true source of the river St. Croix, by the United St rtes and British Com missioners appointed for that purpose, under the sth article of the treaty of 1794, was found and identified, both by the inscriptions upon the monument erected there to mark the spot, and also by the testimony of a living witness of high respectability, who has known the locality since it was first designated by the Commis sioners under the treaty of 1791. . _ _ " The avenue, which had been cleared through a dense forest from the monument to a distance of 12 miles north of it, by the surveyors, in 1817, wav easily recognised by the new and thick gro tth of young timber which, having a width of from 40 to 50 feet, now occupied it. Axemen were at once set at work to re-open this avenue, under the supposition that the due north line would at least fall within its borders for a distance of 12 miles. In the meantime, the first as tronomical station and camp were established, and the transit Instrument set up at r. dint tnce of 4,578 feet north, of the monument upon an eminence of 45i feet above the level of its base. Tuis positio❑ com• manded a distinct view of the monument to the south, and of the whole line to the north, for a dis tance of 11 miles, reaching Park Whilst the work of clearing the line of its young growth of timber was progressing, n series of astronomical obtcrvations was commenced at this first camp, and continued both day and night without intermission (except when inter rupted by unfavourable wca'hcr) with the sextants, the repf acing circle of retie .Lion, and the trans t instrument, until the latitude and longitude of the monument and of this first camp were satisfactorily aseerta;ned, and also the direction of the true meridian from the said monu ment established. For this latter purpose, several observations were in the first place made on the polar star (Alpha, Ursse Minoris), when at i:s greatest eastern diurnal elonga tion ; and the direction thus obtained was afterwards verified and further correcte 1 by numerous transit ob servations upon stars passing the meridian at various altitudes, both north and scuth of the zenith. These were multiplied with care, and with the aid of four ex cellent chronometers, whose rates were constantly tested, not only by the transient observations, but also by equal altitudes of the sun in the day, to correct the timo at noon and midnight, and by observed alt:tudes of east and west stars, for correcting the same at various hours of the night. " The direction of this true meridian, as thus esta blished by the Commissioner; was found to vary from the experimental line traced by the surveyors of 1817, by running in the first place to the west of their line, then crossing it, and afterwards deviating considerably to the east of it. " At the second principal station erected by the party, distant 6 miles and 3,952 feet north of the first camp, or 7 mil !s and 3,240 feet north of the monument, it found itself 60 feet to the west of the line of 1817. This ap peared to bet he maximum deviation to tie west of that lb e, as near as its trace could be ident fled, which was only marked by permanent objects recognised by the party, at the termination of each mile from the monu ment. 5300 after passing this station , tie line of 1817 was crossed, and the party did not afterwards touch it, but deviated more and more to the east of it as it pro gressed north, but by an irregular proportion of the dis tance advanced. " In order to obtain a correct profile or vertical sec tion along the whole extent of this meridian line, in the hope of furnishing data for accurate comparison of ele vations so far as they might be considered relevant to the subject in dispute between the two Governments, and also to afford an accurate base of comparison for the barometers along the extended line, which must tra ation for m any verr many rid g es that will be objects of minute explo r 'rages of lateral extcrt, an officer was appointed to trace a line of levels from the base of the monument, markin g the source of the river St. Croix to tide water at Ca' a i s i n M a i ne , b y w hi c h m eans the e;e vation of the base of the monument above the planes of mean law and mean high water, and also the elevation THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY, MARCH 18, 1841 of several intermediate points of the river St. Croix on its expanded lake surface, have been accurately ascer tained. " Another officer was at the same time charged with tracing a line of levels from the base of the same monu ment, along the due-north line, as marked by the Com missioner, by which it is intended that every undulation, with the absolute heights above the plane of mean low water at Calais, shall be shown along the whole extent of that line. " At Park's Hill, distant nearly twelve miles from the monument, a second station for astronomical obser vations was established, and a camp suitable for that purpose was formed. On the 26th of October, whilst oc cupied in completin g th e p romu l ga ti on of the meridian line to that point, and in establishing a camp there, the party was visited by a snow-storm, which covered the ground to a depth of four inches in the course of six hours. This was succeeded by six days of dark stormy weather, which entirely interrupted all progress, and terminated by a ran with a change to a milder tem• perature, ..7hich cleared away the snow. During this untoward event the parties made themselves as comfort able as p acticable in their tents, and were occupied in compe ing many of the astronomical and other ob servation previously made. " On the 2d of November the weather became clear, and the necessary astronomical observations were im mediotely commenced at Park's Hill. From this ele vated poat the first station could be distinctly seen by means of small heliotropes during the day, and bright lights erected upon it at night. Its direction, with that of several intermediate stations due south of Park's Hill, was verified by a new series of transit observations upon high and low stars, both north and south of the zenith. By the same means the line was prolonged to the nortt,. " In one week after commencing the observations at Park's IEII the weather beca.ne again unfavourable ; the sky was so constantly overcast as to preclude all agronomical observations, and the atmosphere so thick as to prevent a view to the north, which would not permit new stations to be estal.l shed with suffic:ent accuracy i❑ that direction. Unwilling to quit the Geld while there was a prospect of the weather be coming sufficiently favourable for the party to reach the latitude of Mars Hill, or even proceed beyond it, it was determined that some of the party should continue in the tents, and there - occupy themselves with such calculations as ought to be made before qui ting the field. The officers charged with the Inc of levels and with the reconnoissance in advance for the selection of new positions for stations, continued their labours in their field, notwithstanding they were fre quently exposed to slight rain and snow storms, as these portions of the work could go on without a clear sky. " On the 13th of November a severe snow storm oc curred, which in a single night and a portion of the fol lowing morning covered the surface of the whole coun try, and the roofs of the tents, to a depth of sixteen inchee. The northern extremity of the avenue which had been cleared by the surveyors of 1817 was now reached, and in addition to the young growth which had sprung up since that period upon the previous part of the line, several miles had le en cleared through the dense forest of heavy timber, in order to proceed with the line of levels, which had reached nearly the Meduxnakeag. The depth of snow now on the ground rendered it impracticable to con tinue the levelling with the requisite accuracy any far ther ; and that part of the work was accordingly sus- Ponder/ for the season. The thermometer had long since assumed a range extending during the night, and frequently luring a great portion of the day, to many degrees below the freezi❑g point. " The highlands bordering on the Aroostock, distant 40 miles to the north of the party, were distinctly seen from an elevated position, whenever the ataiasphere was clear ; and a long extent of intermediate country, of inferior elevation to the position then occupied, pre sented itself to the view, with the two peaks of Ma's Hi 1 rising abruptly abave the general surface which surrounded their base. The eastern extremity of the base of the easternmost peak was nearly two degrees of an acre, or nine-tenths of a mile in space to the west of the line as it passed the same latitude. "To erect stations opposite to the base of Mars Hill, and upon the heights of the Aroostock, in order to obtain exact comparisons with the old line at these points, were considered objects of so much importance, as to determine the Commissioner to continue the ope rations in the field to the latest practicable period, in hopes of accomplishing these cads. " On the 18th day of November the party succeeded in erecting a station opposite Mars Hill, and very near the meridian line. It was thus proved that the line woul.l pass from nine-tenths of a mile to one mile east,of the eastern extremity of the base of the north-eastern most peak of Mars Hill. " On the 30th of November a series of signals was commenced to ho interchanged at night between •the position—of the transit instrument on Park's Hill, and the highlands of the Aroostock. These were continued at intervals, whenever the weather was sufficiently clear, until, by successive approximations, a station was, on the 9th of December, est iblished on the heights one mile south of that river, and on the meridian line. Toe point thus reached is more than 50 miles from the monument at the source iof the Saint Croix, as ascer tained from the land surveys made under the authority of tho S ate; of Maine and Massachusetts. The mea surements of the party could not be extended to this last point, owing to the depth of the snow, which lay upon the ground since the middle of November ; but the distance derived from the land surveys n:ust be a very near approximation to the truth. A permanent station was erected at the position established on the Aroostock heights, and a measurement made from it, due west, to the experimental or exploring line of 1817, by which the party found itself 2,400 feet to the east of that line. ..---- " Between the Ist and 15th of December, the obser vations were carried on almost exclusively during the night, and frequently with the thermometer from 0 to 10 and 12 degrees below that point by Fahrenheit's scale. Although frequently exposed to this tempera- ture in the performance of their duties in the open air at night, and to within a few degrees of that tempera ture during the hours of sleep, with no other protection than the tent and camp beds commonly used in the army, the whole party, both officers and men, enjoyed excellent health. " During the day the tents in which the astronomi cal computations were carrie] on, were rendered quite comfortable by means of small stoves; but at night the fire would become extinguished, and the temperature reduced to within a few degrees of that of the outward a ir. Within the observatory tent the comfort of a fire could not be indulged in, in consequence of the too great liability to produce serious errors of observation by the smeke passing the field of the telescope. The astronomical observations were therefore always made in the open air, or in a tent open to the heavens at top during the hours of observation, and without a fi, e. "Oa the 16th of December the tents were struck, and this patty retired from the field for the season, there being then more than two feet of snow on the ground. To the unremitting zeal, amidst severe ex posures, and to the scientific sad practical attainments of the oi:icers, both civil and military, who served under the orders of the Commissioners on this duty, he acknowiedgee himself in a great measure indebted for the progress that he was enabled to make, notwithstand ing the many difficulties encounte,e3. 6' Observations were made, during portions of three lunations of the transit of the moon's bright limb, and of such tabulated stars as differed but little in right ascension and declination from the moon, in order to obtain additional data to those furnished by chrono metrical comparisons with the meridian of I3)ston, for computing the longitude of this meridian line. At the first sta'ion, 4,578 feet north of the monu ment, and also at the Park's Hill station, the dip of the magnetic needle was ascertained by a series of observa tions ; in the one case upon two, and in the other upon three separate needles. The horizontal declination was also ascertained, at both these stations, by a full set of observations upon six different needles. The details of these, and of all the astronomical observations alluded to, will be prepared as seen as practical le for the use of the Commission. should they he required. To his Excellency Major-General Sir Jol Harvey, K.C.13., Lieut.-Governor of the province , of New Brunswick, Major Graham ac know/ler' ed himself greatly.► indebted for having in the most of .iging manner extended to him every facility within his power for prosecuting the examinations. From Mr. Connell, of Woodstock, a member of the Colonial Parliament, and from Lieut.-Colonel M‘Laugh lin, the British land-agent, very kind attentions were received. _ _ " Major Graham has also great pleasure in acknow ledging his obligations to General Eustis, Commandant of the Elstern Department ; Colonel Pierce, command ing the garrison at Moulton, and to his officers; and also to Major Ripley, of the Ordnance Department, comarviding the arsenal at Augusta, for the prompt and obl.ging manner in which they supplied many arti cles useful in the prosecution of the labours of his party. The transit instrument with which the meridian line was traced had been binned to the commission by the Hon. \V. A. Doer, President of Caluml.iia College, Nuw York, and the Commissioners feet bound to return their acknowleeigments for the liberality with which the use of this astronomical instrument was granted, at a time when: it would have lean difficult, and perhaps impossible, to have procured one as well suited to the object. " All of which is respectfully submitted. " JAMES RENWICK JAMES D. GRAI lAM Commissioners. A. TALCOTT " Hon. John Forsyth, Secretary of State." (FURTHER EXTRACTS FROM: 'THE AMERICAN PAPERS.) DESTRUCTION OF THE CAROLINE. The following account oil ti.o destruction of the Caro.. line steamer at Navy Islam'., has been aldresso-.1 b 1 Mr. An gus M Lew], the brother of the get:amen now imprisoned in the United States, to the New Yolk Journal of Com rncree : " With the right or nliey) pi tisstroying the Caroline, I have little or nothing to do. On this side of the line, the right is questioned by few, and I have little doubt the time is not far distant when it will also be acknowledged by the thinking and impartial amongst your own citizens. Be that as it may, public opinion on either side is evi dently not the proper tribunal for a decision of the ques tion ; but it is fr. m tho singular position in which my bro ther is placed in connection with this case his friends must take a deep and painful interest, and this must be my ex cuse for thus intruding upon you; for although it were folly in me to suppose I can to any extent influence men's minds in the matter, yet I consider it my duty to give a plain unvarnished statement in regard to my brother's al leged participation in the act fcr which be stands com mitted, as far as I am able, and to correct certain mis statements which will be hereafter alluded to. "On the 29th December, 1837, my brother and my self, and thousands besides, were at Chippewa, for the purpose and with the determination of defending our coun try against any att ac k f rom severa l h un d re d s of rebels and pirate: assembled on Navy Island. In the course of that day a small *team boat was seen plying biteeeu Schlosser and the island, evidently busy in the cause of its occupants. She was rightly conjectur©d to be the Caroline,' which it was well known had been getting ready for the pur pose, for several days before, at Buffalo. Any patriotic mind can easily conceive the feelings which the sight of this boat and her occupants engendered in the minds of our people, and deep and loud were the imprecations against her; but not a word of the attempt at capture was made public, and certain I am my brother was not one of those to whom it was made known, or very probably he might ha• e been one of the party. But in the evening, from the want of accommodations at Chippewa, he rode down to Stamford (a village four miTes from the former place), where he staid at a friend's house till next morning. I went to the quarters of some acquaintances, volun taers from this town, where I lay down for the night, but was awoke about midnight by one of them, who said, We must turn out—there is something going on.' We did so, and proceeded to the mouth of the Chippewa, where a fire was being lighted. Immediately we observed on the oppo sit I shore a vessel or, fire, partially at first, but soon in a blaze, and moving down the river towards the Falls. It was the Caroline. She had met her fate. What the full consequences may be time must tell. I remember well, while I watched her hurrying on to destruction, and felt that her fate was just ; I likewise thought of the ill feel ing she was likely to occasion between the two nations, considering the cause which the American border people had espoused. She had barely passed on to complete destruction, when her captors landed where I stood, from several boats. Had my brother been there I should have seen him ; but I confess "I did' not look for him. I never thought of his being there, and there he was not. He knew nothing of the burning of 'he Caroline till next morning; and if lam not mistaken he knew it first from me. The rise of the rumour of his being the e, I can only account for thus : he wan active and sufficiently daring to assist in that which in either of our navies would be only thought a common ' cutting s% affair,' and had been round the ialind that day in a peat ,along with several who were really at the destroying of the boat. Had he been there, I feel certain that no fear of consequences would have made him deny it, but to be siisamat'zed as a murderer on one side, and foolishly lauded by some as a hero on the other, on account of a transaction in which he had no share, can be anything but pleasant. " It ha, indeed, been asserted that he has boasted of being at the burring of the boat. To those who know him and the circumstancen I need spy nothing. To those who do not, I say it is a gross falsehoed. " He has been Harried, too, by many for laying himself open to an arrest by entering the United Stater ; but what had he in justice to fear ? He had In en vaguely accused, niihout cause, of being guilty of what we con sider no clirac—aad oas this sufficieet to prevent a Bri tish subj Cl from entering the United States on his lawful business It is true a " true bill" had been found by the grand jury of Niagara county in the early part of 1838 against one Angus M‘Leed, but he VMS not that person, and though arte,ted on this inclictmeet in August last, was duly liberated after a short confinement ; but the per vering eeerries of all gcod subjects to tke British Crown, the Patriot,' of the frontier, had not done with him, mid on again visiting Buffalo, or rather on his return, he must be again nrres , e I, and by an aacumulation of the most gross perjury, and against the moat direct and respectable eriderice in his favour, thrown into prison, where he must n only abi'c tho uncertain effects of the law, but the will of tl e mob. " He his not deEerved such treatment from the hands of any portion cf the American people. lie had no quarrel with thAT);—svell end favourably known to many of them % lihe-al and court , ous to all with whom ho had dealings, could he have expected the Gcvernmcnt and teJple of a great pa:ion would look coolly on, while his liberty, and eve.' his life, was made the sport of a vile conspiracy ? Yet such has been the case. But he makes no pitiful complaint; he calls fur no undue sympathy ; his case is simply that of an injmei British subjec'. He has claimed the interfe: once and protection of his Government, which hos been promptly afforded as far as possible; and come wha , . may, he dreads not the issue. Still his situation is a very unpleasant one, confined in a miserable gaol, suffer ing in heaith, and debarred from society ; and why ? Can any et - lightened American answer without a blush for his country ? The laws would allow him to brca he the air of freedom in his own land of liberty and line, but the people would not, and it seems they are the higher power. Should he have a fair trial, and the character of the witre,scs on b sides be tA;;:u into account, I have Ira fear fur his ac quittal, a•id I hope such will be the case; but ii aherwise, what then? " I am, Goutlumen, %Niel much respect, t.; Your obedient humble serval t, 4 ' /MGT'S L E 0 D." GENERAL BANK BILL. _, (Fr,rn the Uhited States. Gazette.) PHILADELPHIA, Nlirell 1. Mr. Hinchman, from the Committee on Baßkf , , yest2r day reported a Geucral Bill for the Regulation of tho Bauk9. Knowing the great interest which is fast on the subject, we have taken pains to °Mr the following digest of its provisions. Sec. 1. Prov'des for the suspension of penalties under the law of April 3, 1840, until the 15th of May, 1843, prior peaal provisions not to Le revived, and c:aimants to have their action at common hsv. Sec. 2. Provi 'ea for the issue of one, two, and three dollar notes, for five years, to an amount not exceeding fif ecn per cent. of Cieir cap;tal stock actually paid in, and tna Lalks not to issue any kind of notes to an amount of more than 25 per cer:t. e‘er their eapit4l; prohibits the issue of post notes having longer than 120 days to mature, nor for a less sum than fivehundrcd dollars, nor amounting to more than ten per cent, of the whole amount of bills of every kind issued. Sec. 3. The total amount of debts and liabilities, ex clusive cf deposits, shall not more than double the capital stock actually paid in nor Phan the total amount of debts and claims due or becoming due exceed the same amount. Sec. 4. Provides that the total amount of kvestments arid advances, directly or indirectly, in stocks, bonds, or other securities, including its own stocks ald loans (ex cepting only our State stocks), Unit States .stocks, stocks of ti.L 25 l counties, boroughz, incorporated districts, ilstituthms or companies, whether purchased bonu fide, or Leld as collaterol, shalf not exceed one-tenth part of the total amount of the debts and liabilitie3 as limited by ilia 3d section. Nor shall any advance, loan, cr dis count, be made on any of the above stocks and securities, except those of our State, or held collateral, exceeding two-thirds of their p , r value, or if below par, nct exceeding two-thirds of the current market value, provided no_ ,I3aok shall be compelled to r e d uce t h e am ou nt o f such . loals or inveatc. - ,ent4 made prior to the passing of this Act, in a greater ra io than per c e nt. for every ninety days, in the total amount thereof. Sec. 5. Provides that the total amount of lirbili ins of Directors, individually and collectively, for loans, dis counts, or advances, made to them directly or indirectly, os s I tf i c a ct l tk l 1 e n d o o t e esxneoete exceed aggregate xtc l h,e l e a e loans following 2;s limits. Where the capital 0, whererfou dollars,the capital no not s o , v , v. , , r r o , 2 1- 5 - -sixth &Hats, and not above 500,000 dollars, one-eighth part of the aggregate loans ; where the capit-.1 is over 500,000 dollars, and not over 1,000,000 dollars, not over one-'enth of the agg:eg rte IJans ; where the capital is betweeri one and two millions, net to exceed one-twelfth part ; between two and three millions, not to exceed one-fifteenth part; over three millions, not to exceed one-twentieth part; provided that the liabilities now existing shall not be re dice..l in a greater ratio than 12} per cent, for every nit., ty days. See. 6. No cashier, teller, clerk, or any subordinato officer, ,ha.t have any loan or discount, or keep a privat.t or individual account with or in the Bank they are engt ged by ; and any loans or discounts so made as heretofore; may, it deemed expedient by the Directors, he teamed, at a reduction of 121 per cent, for every ninety days. Sec. 7. At general meetings or elections, each share of stock not over 50, owned by the same person three mouths previously, shall entitle the holder to one vote; all shares lict,eon 50 and 100, one vote fcr every five shares; all shares above 100, one vote for every :ten shares. No vote by proxy, unless persons owning stock live more than fifty miles from the location of the Bank, and the proxy to be 1 the t proxy ,f made and acknowledg ed before an ald ermen or justice of I more than two stockhollers, nor shall any Direct or or officer of a Bank hold a proxy in the B ank he is connected with. Sec. 8. No person shall serve as a Di rector unless lie ecptoancl'e. within ten days 0 person to be the nexprecedi ng such meeting or el g stock in the Bank of Penn- Led, bone fide in his own right, stock in the following pro porti n t-- 3,000 dollars if the capital is not less than 3 , 0 00,000 dollars. dc. 2,000 do. 2 ,000,000 do. is , s illi r la e d p i e n c tivaly. But no person shall 1,000 do. 1 ,000,000 500 do. is less than 1,000,000 provided 3,1 more s t : h a a n n i onenowt bank i - io mo sh r f e a o l r t l han three- Bank, to the amount of 1,000 sdtl:o:iviaasn_ts.jaa:oero th irni a n t psta T i t h : diei r ab s d o at n n, any to the amount of 500 dollars, shall be eligible as a Director on the part of Colombia Bridge Comp serve as G a u s t a o ? e ir v e e c r t y orm al o w re ay t s ha b n e fourths of the Directors shall be re-elected for the sue erodingeligible. Sec. 9. If any person concerned in tits management or employ of any bank shall wilfully an d year, except the President, corruptly make or cause to be made any false entry on the books, or a false return to the State, on f i 1,' ,1 r n the condiVen thereof, or forge, stet, r, cr be privy to any forgery or alteration, of any of the iriautes of the Board of Directors, or any book or record of the Bank, t) disguise or conceal its condition, or issue false papers or ce fficates rclatiag to its affairs or its ca?i:a! stock, which would increase its liabilities; or shall embezzle, secrete, or take for hi; own aye or use o f o th er persons any bullion, money, ncto, bill, cheek, draft, cert , - fiente. cbligation cr security, or any property or effects of t' e Bank or of depositors, be shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanour, arid upon conviction before a Court of competent jurisdiction shall he punished by imprisonment in the State penitentiary for any term not exceee ing seven }ears, and be fined not exceeding 2,000 dollars. Seca ,a 10.—No tli 6 dend over 7 per cent.- per annum shall be declaroi ; all surplus profits over 7 per cent. to be equally divided, one-htlf for the use of the Commonwealth, and the other half to Le set apart as a contingent fund, to be ir.vested in State loans. If a bank close its business, the contingent fund remaining, after redeeming all liabi lities, shall be divided, pro rata, among its stockholders. Provided that the taxes now imposed upon dividends not exceeding 7 per cent, per annum, by the Act of June 11, 1840, shall not be exempted. Section 11.—It shall not be lawfal for non-specie paying banks to declare a dividend exceeding 5 per cent. per an num, and be subjected to a tax of 8 percent. on the amount thereof to the use of the Commonwealth. Section 12.--Between the Ist and sth days of the months of January, April, July, and October, the Banks shall in every year make out a statement, verified by the oath or affirmation of the President and Cashier, to be transmitted to the Auditor General. The Auditcr- General is to prepare quarterly abstracts of these statements, to be published in one of the daily papers pubiithed in Philadelphia, Harrisburg, and Pittsburg. It shall be the duty of the President and Cashier to have such abstract published once a week for three weeks, in a paper where the bank is located. Seat. 13. If the officers of the Bank refuse, for thirty days, to furnish this abstract, or neglect to publish the same, or any Director shall violate any of the provisions of this Act, they shall individually, and severally, be liable for the whole amount of the debts and liabilities of such Bank, and be thereafter incapable of holding an office in such or any other Bank ; and every such neglect or re fusal, or any violation of the provisions of this Act, shall be deemed a forfeiture of charter, the Court of Common Pleas if in session, or the President Judge thereof, to act accor:ieg to the re;olutions of April 3, 1840. Sect. 14. Repeals conflicting and prier Acts. CANADA We have received Quebec papers to the 21st February, and Montreal papers to the 23d February. The supple ment to the Quebec Gazette, contains the fallowing ap pointments :—His Excellency the Governor-General has been pleased to make the following appointments, viz.— The Hon. Robert Baldwin Sullivan and John Henry Dunn of the City of Toronto; Dominick Daby, of the City of Quebec; Samuel Bealey Harrison, of the said City of Toronto; Charles Richard Ogden, of the City of Mon t eal : William Henry Draper and Robert Baldwin, of the said City of Montreal, to be members of her Majesty's Executive Council of the Province of Canada. The Hon. Dominick and Samuel Healey Harrison to be Secretaries of said Province of Canada. Thomas Acciot, Esq. of the said City of Quebec, Clerk of the Crown in Chancery for the Province of Canada. Mr. Daby will conduct the correspondence for that part of the Province heretofore the Province of Lower Cana-la, and Mr. Harrison for heretofore the Province of Upper Canada. J. W. MURDOCH, Chief Secretary. Goverment house, Montreal, Feb. 13. The same Gazette also contains the following procla mation " Victoria, by the Grace of God, of the United King dom of Great Britain and Ireland, Queen, De fender of the Faith. " To our well-belcvcd and faithful the Legislative Coun cillors of the province c f Canada, and to any knights, citi zens, and burgesses of our said province, and to all and eve-y subject. Greet:rig, 44 Wlr r...as we are desirous and resolved, as soon as may be, to meet our people of our said Province, and to have their advice in Provincial Parliament, we do hereby make known our Royal will and pleasure to call a Provincial Parliament, and do farther declare that, by the advice cf our Execetive Council, we have this day given crdcrs for issuing our writs in due form for calling a Provincial Pa.-- lima - lent in our said Province, and writs are to beer test on Friday, the 19;1 day of February inst., and to be return able on Thursday, the 8;11 day of April next. " In t2stimony whereof, "THOMAS AMIOT, " Clerk of the Crown of Chancery." From the Montreal papers to the 21st Feb. Imme diately a'ter the receipt of news at Kingst ,n that the seat of Government was to be removed to that town, the value of real estate advanced at an unparalle'ed ratio. HOLLAND. Tine HAGUE, MARCH 16.—1 n the sitting of the Second Chamber t.f the States-General, yesterday, a Royal Message was received, with a project of law and explanatory memoir, on expropriation for the public benefit. These documents were referred to the Sections, after which the following letter was read by the c'erk : " To the President of the Second Chamber of the States- General. Sir,—l have had the honour to receive your letter of the 1 I th, with an extract from the Journal of the Second Cham ber, dated the 10th instant, according to ehich the Chamber resolved to apply to me resrecting a petition of Mr. Lipman, advocate at Amsterdam, complaining that the King's Commis sioners had voted, at a late election of two members of the Chamber, in the Assembly of the Provincial Estates of North Holland. " As the Governors of the Provinces were acquainted by me yeAerday, by his Majesty's orders, with the desire that they should henceforth snake no use of the right whit h they enjoy by the existing regulation, to take part in the voting in the Provincial Ass:mbiiea at the elections of members of the Second Chamber of the Stales-General, I must consider the object of the petition in question as having fallen to the ground ; at rho same time I take the liberty of observing that the seconding of the Royal resolution of the Bth of Juue,lB2o, prevents me from complying with the resolution of the Chan-. be: in this case. " The Alinster of the Interior. " DE KOCK." After very oximated debates on various motions that were brought. forward, it was in the end resolved to ask the Minister of the Intel for for further information.—Dutch Papers, Mardi 16. AUSTRIAN FUNDS.—VrenNA, MAccu 6 live oer Coats. Mctalliques For per Cents. 16% Three p:r Cent.. ..... ............... „... 7 Bank sharrs ... 1603 .....lilienzeine Zeitung. March 11. PRUSSIAN FUNDS.—BERLIN, Marten 12. Mils. Money. St. &hold. Sch., 41,, per cent. 10.3A 103% Prussian English Loan, 1830, 4 per cent 100% 100',8 EschAnge on tendon, three Inonths 6 1 —,pr,ssian State Gazelle. March 13 DUTCH FUNDS.—Amsnintosst, MARCH 15 Money. tiles. tctu:zl Debt, .‘ll4 per Cent 3itti , , ditto 5 per cent. Aniei t Syndic, ey.i.. per cent 8:1% 8) Ditto, ditto, 34 per cent 71% 7214 Commercial Comioany. .41,', per cent lOO 161;•.i Ditto (1&35 and 1837) 5 per cent. _ _ Loan 1037, 5 per cent. Exci,ahge on London, One month l2 05 Two montha Dutch Papers, March 16. RUMOURED EPIDEMY AT ETON COLLEGE. ETON, TUESDAY AFTERNOON. —ln consequence of three children of Mr. Tarver, the Italian and French master at Eton College, having died of scarlet fever during the past week, the greatest alarm has prevailed on the subject amongst the parents and friends of the various boys (amounting to upwards of 600), now at college. Yesterday morning a fine youth, twelve years of age, the son of Mr. William Mount, of Wasing-place, Berks, who was an inmate in the establishment of the Rev. Mr. Coleridge, one of the assistant-masters, expired of this distressing disorder. It was reported yesterday that one of the servants of Mr. Tarver had died of the same complaint, but she is now better, and likely to recover. The following is a copy of a letter which was forwarded last night, at the request of Dr. Hawtrey, the head master, by the various assistant-masters, to the parents of their respec tive pupils, and likewise by the dames to the parents of those youths who reside in their several houses, in order to relieve their minds from the natural anxiety and alarm occasioned by the painful rumours which were abroad : " Three eases of scarletina had occurred since the holy days in different houses, and at intervals of ten days or a fortnight. The boys were removed into private lodgings, and are well or convalescent. Since these, however, three very serious cases have occurred in the family of Mr. Tarver, the French master, which have ended fatally. Though there is at present no intercourse between this house and any other, and the school is in a very healthy state, yet this afflicting event induced Dr. Ilawtrey to take medical advice on the course which it was expedient to adopt; and he was the more disposed to this as another fatal ease has occurred in a master's house, the other inmates of which, however, have all been re moved. - " Dr. Hawtrey has received from a physician, who is tho roughly cquainted with the present state of health of Wind sor and Eton, and who has also made the subject of fever and contagion his particular study, the following letter. Dr. flaw trey wishes to leave the propriety of removing any boy who has never had the scarlet fever to the judgment of parents and guardians when they have read this letter. and eoncidered the possibility of further danger after the sad event of this morn.. ing :- 6 " Dear Sir,—ln reply to your inquiry respecting the scar let facer now in Eton, I would say that there can be no reason whatever for removing any of the boys who have already had the disease even in the mildest form; and with regard to the 'others, I think that, as the contagion is already so prevalent in almost every other quarter to which they could be sent, and that it has as yet made so little progress in Eton, they would run fully as much risk in being removed as in staying where they are. This is my present view of the case. Shou!d the complaint, however, become a spreading epidemic, so as to as sume a local character, there can then be no question in regard to the propriety of immediately breaking up the school ; but at present this predicament does not exist, and, were I a parent or guardian, I certainly should not seek the removal of any of the pupils as this advanced and so nearly expiring period of their stay at Eton. " Believe me to remain, dear Sir, " ' Your fiithful and obedient servant, " ' WILLIAM FERGUSSON, M.D.' Windsor, March 14.' " The report that the scarlet fever, nr the most malignant form, was raging within the walls of the College, has spread in all directions ; and this morning, before noon, nearly 100 had left College for their respective homes, and it is expected that in the course of to-morrow the school will be nearly, if not en tirely, deserted. The writer of this, however, has the highest authority for stating, that the generality of the school, at present, is unusu ally healthy, and up to four o'clock this afternoon no further indications of the disorder amongst the pupils had then shown themselves. He is likewise authorised to state, that the New castle. Scholarship will be contested for next week as usual, the examinations commencing on Monday. They will last during the - whole of the week, and the result will not be known until Saturday afternoon. GAS-LIGHTING, LONDON.—For lighting Lon don and its suburbs with gas there are eighteen public gas-works; tweiv3 public gas-work companies; 2,800,0001. c apital employed in works, pipes, tanks, gas holders, ap paratus ; 450,0001. yearly revenue derived ; 180,000 tons i of coals used in the year for making gas ; 1,400,000,000 cubic feet of gas made in the year ; 134,300 private burners supplied to about 400,000 consumers; 30,400 public or street consumers ; about 2,650 of these arc in the City of London ' • 380 lamplighters employed ; 176 gas holders, several of them are double ones, capable of storing 5,500,000 cubic feet ; B9O tons of coals used in the retorts, in the shorte s t day, in twenty-lour - hours; 7,120,00 0 cubic feet of gas used in the longest night, saY 24th of December; about 2,500 persons employed in the ruetrop:dis aloae in this branch of manufacture; be":;: n _, 1622 and 1827 the 'consumption was nearly doubled ; u between 1827 and 1837 it was again nearly doubled. 1 - SALFORD TOWN'S MEETING. IMPORT DUTIES. A requisition to the Boroughreeve and Constables of Salford, signed by nearly forty of the principal rate-pay ers, manufacturing and commercial houses connected with Salford, was last week presented to those authorities, re questirg them to convene a public meeting, " to take into consideration the Parliamentary Report upon the Import Duties of the United Kingdom, with their prejudicial effect upon the industry of the country, and to petition the Le gisliture for their revision and repeal." In compliance eith this requisition the Boroughreeve and Constables appointed a public meeting of the inhabitants of Salford, on Monday last, in the large room of the Town Hall, Chapel-street. Amongst the gentlemen present we observed Messrs William Garnett, Holland Hoole, Thomasß azeley, T C . harles Tysoe, and John Kay, Constables ; E. Connell, Bur gess, G. P. Livingston, J. B. Wanklyn, Samuel Eve leigh, Samuel Satterthwaite, S. P. Robinson, Robert Gardner, Rupert Ingleby, James Leeming, William Har vey, and other gentlemen. On the motion of Mr. Gar nett, seconded by Mr. T. Bazley, G. H. Ball, Esq , the Boroughreeve, was called to the chair. The parties pre. sent were highly respectable commercial men, of all shades of political opinion and of local politics. The CIIAIRMAN, in opening the proceedings, read the requisition and advertisement convening the meeting, and said, he regarded the subject which had assembled them as of the greatest importance, not merely in the borough, but throughout the United Kingdom. Those gentlemen, who were connected with the export trade, and were lo cally denominated " shippers," probably possessed a more intimate knowledge of the subject than many other in. habitants ; and several of these gentlemen, whom he was glad to see present, would explain their views on this im portant question. Certain it was, that not a man in these realms but would be benefited by the revision of these laws.--( Applause.) The voluminous Repert of the Com mittee of the House of Commons contained a mass of evi dence so conclusive on this question, that he hoped every one, who had not read that Report, would do so imme diately. It was about to be printed in a cheap form, so so that even the poor might have an opportunity of study ing it, and applying its disclosures personally to them selve i,—( Applause.) Mr. J. 13. WANKLYN, in moving the first resolution, said he considered this to he one of the most important subjects that could occupy the attention of parties con nected with commerce. He would, therefore, offer a few remarks which had occurred to him in the course of some years' practical knowledge of the subject in the capacity of a British merchant—whose object must be to obtain the greatest facility to the import of foreign products in re turn for the manufactures of this country.— (Hear, and ap plause.) Hence he thought it self-evident, that a British merchant must be in principle and practice a strong-sup porter of the principles of free trade.—( Hear.) hose principles could not be better put than by supposing that an individual wanting to get rid of a surplus product, takes it to a foreign market, and wishes to bring back from thence the produce of that country, to his own, or elsewhere, as he may think best. But the principles of free trade, grounded on a basis of this kied, it was impossible, Li the pre sent state of society throughout the world, to carry out in their perfect integrity, Many vast and conflating in terests had grown up, in the course of years, to jr.went the perfect principles of free trade; and he would merely allude to those which had sprung up during the long wars in which we were engaged with the Continent. That war entailed upon us an enormous debt, which, thanks to the energies of this country, we were enabled to bear—and, he was satisfied, we lways should be ; and the expenses of that war had led to our present system of taxes, which bad been enlergei from time to time as the debt increased. Consequently, after a peace for the last twenty-five years, we had a scale of custom duties, of the most incongruous character, upon tetween I,looand 1,200 a titles ; and cf the gross amount of revenue they pro. duced, about 23 mill ears sterling, 11 articles out of the 1,152 produced no less an amount than 21,500 0001., and the r ereairiag 1,141 produced only one million and a half. _.( Hear, hear.) It was self evident, therefore, that the duties on this great number of articles, which produced so little to the revenue, ought at once tr be swept away, as the collection of revenue thereon must cost more than the net amount coliected.—( Hear, hear.) He found that our population, which we were toll was over ' burthened with taxation, paid as duty for luxuries, as its considered spirits, wine, and tobacco, ran less than eight millions sterling per annum. He admitted that a great number of our working men did not possess the comforts we wished them to have ; but the reduction of the duties on a number of these articles, and the general revision cf our tariff:would enable us to give the working el :sacs full ea-plot - merit, and to get foreign produce at a reasonable rete.—( Applause.) He would merely set sin such a duty as would pay the revenue, and ensure tl.e safety cf the State ; while, on the othe.. hand, he would introduce such an amount of foreign pro lusts as would enable the poor man to get a full reward for his labour. He believed one great barrier to any alteration in our customs duties, had been created on the one hand, by the colonial interests, on the other by what were called the interests of humanity and p! ilanthropy in this country. Ti.e colonial or West India interests were so jealous, that they had used every means in their power to prevent the leg sleture ado i tin;; any articles which the West Indies produce, from other countries, except at rraideitory duties. The attention of the legislature Lad been drawn to this :natter, and, last week, Air. Labouchere had made a mein with a v . ee to remove many of the chat :cies existing i ► the way of a re vision of our customs duties, viz.—to aglow the inhabitants of the West ladies tr import salt fish, staves, end other articles required for the produce and export of sugar and care-, from the beat and cheap t markets in tire world. The West Indians, having obtained this prhilege, surely could not refuse us a similar one—that cf going for our sugar and coffee to the cheapest markets.—( Hear.) A circumstance mentioned by Mr Laboucl.e. e showed the necessity of pe.lplegctling enla-ged ideas on these sub jects. In 1782, our commercial policy was so narrowed, that we would not allow any country, nut oven a portion of our own colonies (and Ireland was then called a colony of England), to have any commercial intercourse with the West Indies. But it pleased the Legislature of that• day, finding that Ireland could send salted provisions cheap to the We t to allow ves sels ei , h such cargoes to clear out in Ireland, direr t for the West Indies. This frightened tire people of England so much, that petitions were got up and very numerously signed, praying that this indulgence should not be snowed to Ireland; adding, that. if it were, the port of Liverpool woul I again be reduced to its pristine insignificance.— ( Hear.) Ireland was ailawed to export to the West In dies, and what was the state of Liverpool now? He had no doubt that, so far from a revision of the to ill militating against our colonial interests, the West Indians would, in a few years, thank us for extendisg our commerce. As to the philanthropic interest, who were determined, as far as their influence went, to oppose the import or consumption, in this country, of the produce of slave labour, while their principles lime to be admire], we should not lose sight of the practical effects cf these principle-. The consequence was, that by the con junction of the West India and the pirilantrophic int -- rests, the English labourer was prevented obtaining his coffee, sugar, &e., at the prices at which be could get them, if allowed to go to the cheapest markets.--( Hear.) Why, we had allowe I the slave-grown cotton of the United States to come into this country, in competition with that from the East Indies, Brczil, and the Mediter raee an ; yet no one ever said, " We won't use Amer iean cotton, because it is the produce of slave labour." Yet go a few miles further, to the Island of Cuba, and there, though th re was an overwhelaing quantity of sugar and coffee, we were told that those a doles must not be brought to England, because they were the produce of slave labous. Why, ot'rer na ions rniA ht as well say to us, tl.ey had, herd se much of the cruelties real el in our mills, of the injuries inflicted on those who work in them, that our manufact wi:s were Juggernauts which swept away our population, destroying their constitutions, and that roc ' body could live in a cotton mall; and that, the:dorm on re count of these horriele etrocities, our yarns and manufac tured goods should not be introduced into other countries. But, leaving that part of the subject, 1 c would come to the consumption of stages in this country. TLis . article stood at the head of our custo ms duties, producing, in 1840, a duty of 4,800,C0a/ He would show reduc tionsesi'anocwrehaowdatheeor: of the duty would hie. ease, as it _ 2 aumption of sugar. Taking the a vera g e from 1814 to 1?1 5, the annual consumption of sugar in this country had br on somctlrirg less than 160,000 tons. From 1826 to 1831. the consumption had increased to 207,000 tons per an num; and, since 1831, in consequeece. of this large con sumption overtaking the production of:the West Indies, it had reached its maximum ; we had never exceeded an import of 207,000 tons, though our populaii , n had greatly increased, and our capacity and inclination to use sugar had correspondingly increased. In 1340, the consump tion of sugar was only 170,000 tors—offering a striking contrast to the consumption of cotton, which had gone on increasing, and, he trusted, would still incr. a - e. The price of sugar rjie as the supply from the West Indies became limited, and then the consumpti in diminished. If sugar could be brought here from the cheapest markets, the consumption would probably to near 300,000 tons at this moment ; while this increased demand would open markets t ) an increased consumption of our manufactures.—( Applause.) He might be tell that Government was not sufficiently alive to the interests of the people, or they would never have &lowed the con sumption to retrograde front 200,000 to 170,000 tons ; but we knew that the conflicting interests to which be had alluded, prevented Government doing what they would—prevented them from taking up and dis : posing of these questions on their own arerits.—(qe t a h V, Some well-meauing people might say this she but he the country was overburthened an vi d it e b a e taleu;lfl like to raid it showed no such thing, ace an other country using as much ln s (notwith standing her taxation) as 14:neland. sugar people were said to li,e so f c . h r ea luxury, and with a populate n ov as onlv 100,000 tonc., or annual consumption of su s g u a rn r n _ . n Ipargaenrd ttrhorlanini glens, r s we , vh ye e England. The whole just half the amount ei c an y as I r no more than 375,000 tons consumption of Europe I f n ro d m ia of we s u u , g ed a r 2; osooxitohoantoonus.pofl6obOis,o:,oastornios o p f ro s o u f g o ar f consumed, ü b m e i e n d g , o l v B e o r l b u t o r t11721e0c,1 i r t h e i t e a v x e a d t i o t h n 0 . grow o n oe i d t foi 1,000 113 daTuathsyeaonn:txhiartyt f a c a W o d ff e e t s e h t ' e c n coffee was apserrolgba.rdoWe were . then reachedvery small c.onslutmwpetniton on n ro a n t t consu t re h er w s a ; s s. per tsounnsapticAn w ou a t s leBo2nisitdheereddutygrvie;ts writ:de 1,000 t 3 between 2,0 which hal the effect 0 0 0 f in an ere d a 3 s , l o a o g o t h o e n that duty till the annual . year c onsumpti on was about 3,7 00 duty tons, in 18 25 . In that thewas again r e d uce d to 6d. a lb. , or one-half the r former amount, and he wished t h a t Government would take that as a guide by which then gradually iacreadt ic es u l ow reached it s 'Wal . The consttp ion cOff orthlel,odouotietosnos,naontdheirt Ilaarincreased from 3,700 t o to o o o I r o e , d o u o c o e :Le the West Indies could n ot mu— m , produce more • and , this increased demand and limit tl supply had raised the price from eas. to 60s• the cwt to about 120'., to anxious were the peopl e o f this * country to have coffee. The West Indies could not produce enough, and we had gone to the Ea_t Indies fur it; and Government bad beau t L Ti 4, Lk; • ,: . •t: _. - -, MORNING EDITIO7c.- obliged to admit of an absurd mode of evading by sending slave-grown coffee round the Cape of , Here to purify it, and then it came into this country washed and cleansed from all the stain of slave labour. Mr. Garnett suggested to him to elucidate the subject by his own knowledge of its effects in ditletent parts of the world with which he was concocted as a merchant; but he thought sue Is a plan was not prudent : he should be. told he was resking, like the West India planters, to protect his own interests ; instead of which, his object was to promote the irter:est of the coun t ry at l arge, b y f o ll ow i ng out tae true principles of free trade in all their integrity. --(Applause.) We were t o ld, w i t h a degree of emphasis which did make its impression, that the increased manufac tures of the Continent showed the dangerous state into which the Government bad allowed this country to be plunged. Now, he thought i: show e d no such thing : it only showed, that Continental nations being at peace, and increas ing their populat'on, and naturally seeking for the means of employing them, commenced manufacturi ng , an d ho wished them joy of it. The increase of manufactures on the Continent afforded no proof of the retrograding of manufactures here, but only showed that countries at pesee must find the means of emplcyrueet for their po pulation. He concluded by moving the first resolution. Mr. WILLIAM A TKINSON, in secondieg. it, said, be had received a letter that morning from a correspon dent ih London, on the subject of the sugar duties, from which he read the following extract:— " You will observe that the discussion in the Hoots of Commons last night did not take the turn we ex pected. Bet there is much uneasiness on the part of the British Colonial interests. Some of the principal Bengal n:erchants have been to Government to repro seat the injury to be produced in that country by any practical admission of %reign sugars for consumption here; to which we hear the answer was—' Show us that such injury will arise, and we wi , l pay due attention to your communicatioc.' Again, the West India interest are getting up strong memorials, and, 1 believe, intend to show that a reduction to 20e. on Colonial, and 30s. for all other sugars, as recommended before the Committee on Import Duties, would not extend the consumption so far as to protect the revenue, much less to increase it. Our own belief still is, if Ministers should have to make the proposal, they could not carry it against the com.biea tion of East and West India interests, and the Anti-sla very Soc iety." If Government listened to particular or individual inte rests, th .y would do what was very wrong ; he thought the Legid attire ought to look to the general welfare of the country, and IQ appeared there because the subject was deeply important to the interests of the working classes. A friend i f his at Pernambuco, a short time ago, made him a preseet of a small barrel of sugar; and when ho (Mr. Atkinson) came to see the cost of it, be found that, although a present, it cost hi m Bd. per lb.—(Hear, h e i r ) —whereas if he bad Leen a Dutchman, Geiman, or Bel gian, it would not have cost him more than 3d. per lb. He mentioce I this to Shaw, that our Itbocring cla sea might get sugar fur V. for which they were paying 91. rer lb.—. (Hear, hear.) This was a great evil ; and if we could re ceive the produce of any country in return for our manu factures, it would benefit us ail to a great extent. He felt so strongly en the subject, that he felt it to be the duty of every one connected with this large manufacturing dis trict, to use his utmost exertions to induce the Legisla ture to alter our t .riff; and he should he glad to see the clergy of all denominations petitioning for this on the ground and score of humanity alone.—( Applause.) Mr. WM. GAkNETT, although he bad Urea separated from the mercantile transactions of this neighbourhood for some years, set as one who had beer' actively and exten sively engaged in tire commerce of this country for a period of thirty years, he Imp I be should not intrude by offer ing some obsery lii ins upon the resolutions and the pro ceedieg s of the day.—(Applause.) Ile thought a more important subject could hardly come becr, the whole com mecial community cf the country. II: believed that pre viously to the investigations of the Parliamentary Com mittee, it was not generally known what was fee real and true condition of toes system of tariff duties which had now been in force for some years, and how injuriously taey were Laming t c industry and commerce of tie c.urrtty. fl ,vieg, read an extract from tie first part of the Committee's Repot, which, he said, was now pub- Hailed in a cheap form, Mr. Garnett said that in 1815 a most unnatural and unjust system of legislation with refer. tines to the commerce of this country was introduced, the avowed object of which was to pronto e and advance the intere to el the producers of food, without reference to the consurre:e.—( Great applause.) The effects of that system wer e predicted at the time by the most di,tin guished statesmen of the day ; but such predictions, though since fo!tinlad, were derided by those for whose advantage • this system of leo , latim was introduced. And when, after a burg war, reale coerce led, he rec.sllccted that we did expe;.eitce a pen )d cf great prosperity, and were re minded that ti e feera which had lel to those predictieus were altegethee unfeunded ; and it was sai ~ that the ef feet oft lose laws would be most beneficial to the country. But this prosperity was during the time that manufactures were being established in other countries, and it was ire the very nature of things that at first manufactures tv, i e slow in dear progre;s. Zr W.'S net that the mischief ha ! not been esegende.W, but because t l.e evil off•cts had not been ex perienced to that t xtent which made it injurious to the com merc'al interests, :11 it we seemed then to enjoy prosperity tin e° - this sy,t_,.. The Manel ester Chamber of Commerce ' from time to time peti.inned against the ex‘s,lusion of food ; other pans of the court-y petitiore 1 , and Ca.) effect was to substitute frr prelnhition a prienissian t ) in .pert ; but that pernti , si in was so clogged wit'l reorii Cons and duties, that it was i'.tl._ less obnoxious titan total prohibi tion, a-ed this sr te;a continued up to this •heus, oeca sioital y, from time to tirm., calsing great derangements in cur moneary system, and introducing incalculable evils into th: country.—( Applause. ) He v.euli not touch farther on this qucsi Jll, which had so musts rgitetod the country ; he did not v,ish to create agitatica upon any subjeet, but to come to a unanimous vote, and show the , LegisLtarc see weee fully sensible of the injury we sus tained under the present system of tariff dicks, and to press upon the Legislature the necessity of calmly deliberating how far al erations rei4ht be carried out, tTa the benefit of all classes of her Majesty's subjects.—.(Applause.) The time was arrived when we should apply ourselves zealously and determined; to this gees ion, always bearing in mind the golden rile, to do unto others as no would they should do unto us. If that principle were adhered to, we might now le receiving the produce of otl er countries in exchange for our manufacturea, wi gout detriment to any existing interests in this country, which In contended ought to have a frir and reasonable protection. What, then, was our course ? To retrace our steps in legislation, and have more regard to the consumers, eveiaing exclul-ive legislat:on for any particu lar party.—( Appliuse. ) After adverting to the emigra tion of skilled artisans from this counry, the cause of •~ r ~_f t which, he said, it was the duty cf the Legislature to inves- Cgat. , , Mr. Garnett next askcd—Why do we see the - sica'-'e-ce men up and .down the country rrady to brez.lt out into open nbellioo, but because the evil has come to the home cf every rnal ; Lecstne it was no longer to Le disgui.ed that other countries had become manuracturers, more he would say from neceJity than chci e, because we would not take their produce? Ha felt satisfied that, under a Let er system, every healthy honmt man, willing to work, rrigit support his wife and farrily in con - Sortable subsistence; and, if this c ould be accomplished; w as it not the b.:st means of geting cf the G uar di ans o f Poor-law, and of reducing Poor rates? Under a b2tt 2r system we should, in a great measure, destroy the necessity of Poor-laws altogether, and g!ve our attention to those who were at all times objects of distress, the aged, impotent, infirm, and those who really could not ma;ntain themselvc , . If that change could Ise brought A p e p f l o a r u w s d) and asked a b o ut by a dill.. r ent system cf leghlation, we should hear no complaining in our streets, hut tee the people un i te d and happy, and our Gracious Queen rei gning ovr a united, cAt and the happy Chartist, p then came e o e the B or ouf brecve to tell him why the meeting was ca lle d C d Ur the morning, v I[.n .n the working el a ses could not at tend it T 1 e BOROUGIIREEVE said, it was considered better to can is in the morning. Every gentleman present had, cloubdo.s, engagements elsewhe e; but the morning was found t' e must convenient time ; and as long as he had the hen ,ur c f being I Lroughreevo, he should call every publics meeting i s the morning._.( Applause.) CAMPBELL tad, that the working classes might now perceive tat there was no sympathy whatever for them 0 amorgat the middle and upper classes.—(No, no.) He then entered isto a statement goods, and the prices for weaving in d;ffe a re ee nt a years;, ,r,of the tending that, as the exports increased, ttksat the uni : operatives working classes got worse. of the cxportsof He said but were dependent were not free to get employment, a nd villainy of the . upon the caprice, tyranny, insclen co e t e t e o! employerr. would no t per mit an one to y b e The Cuatrim& N said, . use such langu:gc. a f ter protesting against the proceedings in ti e nsmo r two dissentient bands. motion passed with one e ssi _, CAMPBELL than _ Eio us rinogf thisat ittnhe. , r t if be had consulted his per fbe working cluFses, and the Mr. HOLLAND for indisposition of one of big meetibg ; but I rd , t, pass o'er, without corning portance t 8 1' ° h ,,d a grt Gt interest and stake in the thel'acic preventedno allow brought them together. It Was about wad as one. w . ' s his very strong of ioion upon the sub schniladircfnees'virigula'' He spo l e , be producer, -a to the e th a p t re p s r e e n ss t u t r i e m h e.a had continue u j f t e c ° e : r t n' i 7 t 7 r c e lle a x i i r. }Pa c rde o that we began to experience a terrible decline 11 ° ond all class which often suffered, while producer, a . obtained remuneration for hit capital and labour. All that 51-. Husliisen hod so truthfully prognosticated bad come to pass ; and, although the vast resources' of our pre u c r eZT: wealth had protracted tiltiree, the crisis was now arrived ,h e n we must have an alteration, or our commerce would he f ur cur ruined. He had on many occasions spoken strongly against the present Cern-laws, nor was he ashamed cf anything he had said ; but be had net said anything half so strung ms Mr. J D. Hume, who happened to be a Tory.--( Hear, h ear. ) He was glad Mr. G al *tt had taken up this eitistiort, which was not thoroughO' und _ e7 " ' stood even in Salford yet. He did not blame the f L eu e ; gisla'ute or the Government for the prese nt 11l o an d lri , commerci d I. gislation ; if we, the commeein f r leo to manufactuii g interests, let the thing sleep them for neglect. yelr, we could not justly ble . tne in about two years, The treaty with Brazil would exptiere take their sugar and and we must then either consente ibitory duties upon our coffee, or they would lay h Pr our best customers fur cot good& —( fle-r. ) The e y were our _ y i b our merchants, wbo rc ton manuf ictures sentl.ollll return, but who were corn ccived sugar and ft n? brin g ing these articles to us, who want pelled, instead ofhemio the Continent to be acid. A : them, to scodietaian, in his evidence before the Parlia- Liverpool gent Committer, said, that, instead of sending _toffee aleatory Comm. Cape of Goon Hope, Le would r ecommen d. G e - . to tke - ve rnntent 49 11° it to be sent three rim's rcuod Ireland. —( Laug hter. ) A gesit'envan i n t h e M anc h ester Ch am b er. o f Co—nc ri rec, the othe r d ay , h a d roade, a .cicciaration . w l.ieb I.e (Mt. ii oie) knew tr) be true, that mill pro. Deity now was net worth half what it was a fctv.years ago.. I f hi s (Arr. Hoole's) mil was really to start, be greatly feared that it would still be for his interest to suspend its /A.L4, WMCNNIE ; uidQ ° rei d ° weN a t he It h ill COol' blit r I the for• A ti% thav ;00 h er, ago' ,nib Red nod Oc 'eat