The Sun. — London, England, 1819-01-12 00:00:00

• 'COURT. (Concluded from our Paper of yesterday.) (C.)--From Robert C. Ambriger to Governor Cameron. 1 have the honour to he, &'. ROBERT C. AMBRISTER, N. B. They he your Excellency will he as ex peditious 'as' possible. - That your Excellency is .the 0 , ,b, dependence they have, and who the Pripce Regent told them would give them every assistance that laid in your power. ROBERT C. AMBRISTER. (D.)—From Robt: C. Aruhrister to Governor Cameron, &c. salivranee, March 20, 1818, near Fort St. Mark's. SIR,— I am requested by Francis, and all the Indian Chiefs, to acquaint your Excellency, that they are at war with the Athericans, and have been some time back. That they are in great distress for want of ammunition, balls, arms, &c. and have wrote by Mr. Arbuthnot several times, but they suppose be never delivers them to your Excellency. You will oblige them much to let them know whether he did or not. 1 expect the Americans and Indians will attack us daily. I have sent a party of men to oppose them. They beg on me to press on your Excel lency's mind to lay the situation of the country before the Prince Regent, and ask for assist ance. All news respecting► them your Excellency will do a favour to let its know by the ,first opportu nity, that I may make them acquainted. I have given directions to the Captain to let your Excel lency know when the vessels will sail fur this place. I hope your Excellency will be pleased to send them ammunition ; I expect, if they do not procure some very shortly, that the Americans ‘vill march through the country. I have nothing further to acid. I am, clear Sir, Your most obedient humble servant. ROBERT C. AM BLUSTER. (E.)---From Robert C. Ambrister to Pcter B. Cook. - Mouth of the River. DEAR COOK,—The boat arrived here about three o'clock on Thursday ; the wind has been a-head ever since ; 1 have been down. The rud der of the vessel is in a bad condition, but 1 will manage to have it done to-night. The wind, I am in hopes, will be fair in the morning, when I will get under weigh and make all possible dis patch ; will make old Lewis pilot me safe. If ti oSe Indians don't conduct themselves straight, I mould use vigorous means with them. Beware of Mr. Jerry ; I found him on board wlren I came. Keep a good look out. I have sent two kegs of powder, and oue bar of lead. Your's, &c. _ _ _ Tursday, 3 o'clock. By the Prisnner.—Did you not frequently hear me say that I would have nothing to do with the lildians in exciting them to war with the United States ?-1 do not recollect. A:e,,you.acquainted with Lewis Phenix, and have you not heard hint express ill-will against use, in consequence of my wishing him to pilot sire to St. Mark's )--1 never did. R. A Do you know of my sending troops at any time to fight against the United States, and have I not been constantly with you, so that you would have had an opportunity of knowing if there had been any sent by me ?-1 have not ; they might have been sent without my knowledge. Jacob Harrison, a witness on the part of the p ro s ecu ti on , being duly sworn, said, that some time in the latter end of March, or Ist of April, the prisoner took possession of the schooner Chance, with an armed party of Negroes, and stated his intentions of taking St. Mark's. On Isis tray thither, going ashore he learned from some Indians that Arbuthnot had gone to St. Nark's, whicl► induced hint to return. The wit ness also stated, that, while the prisoner was on board, he had complete command of the Negroes, who considered him as their Captain. The pri soner took the cargo of the vessel up towards Suwany, which consisted of, with other ar ticles, nine kegs of powder, and 500 pounds of lead. The evidence on both sides being closed, the prisoner was allowed until fire o'clock this evening to make his defence. . The time allowed the prisoner for the prepa ration of his defence having expired, he was brought before the Court, and made the defence niaiked M, which is attached to these pro ceedings. The Court was then cleared, and the proceed ings read over by the Recorder, when, after due 4kliberatian on the testimony brought lanyard, the Court find the prisoner, Robert C. Ambrister, Guilty of so much of the specification to the first Charge, as follows, viz.—" and did excite them to war with the United States, by sending their warriors to meet and fight the American Army, l4e being subject of Great Britain, which Govern oieur %VHS' at peace and friendship with the United i!'!citeS, and all Ler citizens; but not guilty of the TRIAL 'nf ARBUTHNOT and. AMBRISTER VIVUTES OP THE PROCEEDINGS OF A SPECIAL March 20, 1818. SIR,—I am requested particularly by the Indian `Chiefs to acquaint your Excellency that the Ame ricans have commenced hostilities w ith them a 'long time since. and have advanced some distance in their territory, and are still continuing to ad vance. That they (the Chiefs of Florida) have sent . repeatedly to y our Excellency, and have never received one answer. They suspect Mr. Arbuthnot has never delivered the papers to your excellency. They wish me to state to yon, that they are completely out of ammunition, muskets, &c. begging your Excellency will be'pleased to send them the articles above-mentioned, with a 'few cannon, as the Americans build their boats rn stion, that their rifle-balls cannot penetrate their sides. The Captain of the vessel, who will come do‘, n again, I have given orders to make your Excellency acquainted what time the yes: sel will bail for this place. Your Excellency Will, .1 hope, he good enough to make the Prince Re tit ai quaint ed with their situation, and ask for assistance ; whirl' they have pressed me very bard to press upon your Excellency's mind, and likewise to send down what news may be respect ing them, and the country, which will be a great satibfactiory to then,. The Court adjourned, sine die. EDMUND P. GAINES, Major-General by Brevet, President of the Cour J. M. Glassell, Recorder. DEFENCE, M. Fort St. Mark's, April ig, ISIS. The United States of America v. Robert Cli is tie Ambrister, who, being arraigned before a Special Court-martial, upon the following Charges, to wit : Ist. Aiding an►i ahettirw, and comforting the Indians ; supplying them with the ►weans of war, he being a subject of Great Britain, at peace with the United States, and lately an officer in the Bri tish Colo►►ial Marines. Charge 2d. Leading and commanding the Lower Creek Indians in carrying on a wat against the United States. To the first charge the prisoner at the bar pleads Not, Guilty ; and as to the second charge he pleads Guilty, and justification. The prisoner at the bar feels grateful to this Honourable Court for their goodness In giving him a stifficient time to deliberate, awl . arrange his defence on the aboVe charges. The prisoner at the bar here avails himself of the oppoitunity of stating to this Court, that, inasmuch as the testimony which was introduced in this case was very explicit, and went to every point the prisoner could wish, he has nothin4 farther to offer in his defence, but puts himself upon the mercy of the Honourable Court. ROBERT C. ANIBRISTER. HEAT, QUARTERS, DIVISION OF THE SOUTH. Adjutant-General's Office, Camp, four milvs North of St. Alork's, April 29, 1813. GENERAL ORDER. At a Spanish Court Martial, commenced on the 2611, instant, at St. Mark's, and continued until the night of the 28th, of which Brevet Major., General E. P. Gaines is President, was tried A; Arbuthnot, on the following Charges and Speci fications, viz. : Charge 1. Exciting and stirring up the Creek Indians to war against the United States and her Citizens; he, A. Arbuthnot, bring a subject of Great Britain, with whom the United States are at peace. Charge 2. Acting as a spy ; aiding , abetting, and comforting the enemy, and supplying. them with'the means of war. Charge 3. Exciting the Indians to murder and destroy William Ilarobly and Edmund Doyle, confiscate their property, and causing their arrest, with a view to their condemnation to death, and the seizure of their property, tl►ey being citizens of Spain, on account of their active and zealous exertions to maintain peace between Spain, the United States, and the I►►dians. To which charges the prisoner pleaded lkTot Guilty. The Court, after mature deliberation on the evidence adduced, find the prisoner, A. Arbuth not, Guilty of the First Charge, and Guilty of the Second Charge, leaving out tire words " acting • as a spy ; and after mature reflection, sentenced him, A Arbuthnot, to be suspended by the neck until he is dead. Was also tried Robert C. Ambrister; on the following charges, videlicet Charge lat.—Aiding, abetting, and comforting the enemy, and supplying then► with the means of war, be being a subject of Great Britain, who are, at pe a ce with the United States, and late an Officer in the B►itish Colonial Marines.. Charge 2d.—Leading arid commanding the LoWer Creek Indians in carrying on a war against the United Stares. • To which charge the prisoner pleaded as fol• lows the Ist charge, Not Guilty ; to the 2d charge, Guilty, and Justification. The Court, on examination of evidence, and mature deliberation, find the prisoner, Robert C. Ambrister, (Juicy of the first and second charges, and do, therefore, sentence him to starer death by shot. The Members requesting a reconsidera• tion of the vote of this sentence, and it being had, they sentence the prisoner to receive fifty str i pes 0 , his bare back, and to be confined with a ball and chain to bard labour for 12 calendar months. The Commanding General approves the find ing and sentence of the COurt in the case of A. Arbuthnot, and approves the finding and first sentence of the Court in the case of Robert C. Arabrister, and disalproves the reconsideration of the sentence of the Honourable Court in this case. It appears from the evidence and pleading of the prisoner, that he did lead and command, within the territory of Spain (being a subject of Great Britain,) the Indiana in war against the United States, these nations being at peace. It is an established principle of the laws of nations, that any individual of a nation making war against the citizens of any other nation, they being at peace, forfeits his allegiance, and becomes in outlaw and pirate. This is the case of Robert C. Ambrister, clearly sliewn by the evidence ad duced. The Commanding General orders that Brevet Major A. C. W. Fanning, of the Corps of Artil tillery, will have, bet‘veen the hours of eight and nine o'clock, A. m., A. Arbuthnot suspended by the neck with a rope until he is dead ; and Ro bert C. Anibrister to 'be shot to death, agree ably to the sentence of the Court. John James Ai buthnot will be furnished with a passage to Pensacola by the first vessel. The Special Court, of which Brevet Major Gc uvrAl E. P. Gaines is President, is dissolved. By order of Major-General Jackson, hOBT. BUTLLIt, otter pall of the ipecificat:on ; nuilty of fte.first Charge ; Guilty of the specification of the second Charge, and Guilty of the second Charge ; and do therefore sentence the prisoner Robert C. Ambrister, to suffer Death, by being shot, two thirds of the Court concurring therein." One of the members of the Court requesting a re-consideration of his vote on the sentence, the sense of the Court was taken thereon, S and de cided in the affirmative, when the vote was again taken, and the Court sentenced the prisoner to receive fifty stripes on his bare back, and be con fined with a ball and chain to hard labour, for 12 calendar months. LAW INTELLIGtNCE. COURT OF KING'S BENCH, JAN. 1 t. Sil l tlVE V. HORN AND ROBERTS. The plaintiff, a coach proprietor at Northattip ton, brought his action upon two hills of ex change, one for 501. the other for 2351. accepted by the defendants, who Were .partners in a very extensive stage-coach concern, carried on at the White Horse Inn, Fetter-lane. The question was, whether the defendants dissolved partnership in July, 1812. It appeared that Roberts and Horn made a publication in the Gazette,, by which they dissolved partnership, and Roberts, for a compen sation of about 70001. gave up horses, coaches, and stock to Horn. Early in the next year be became a bankrupt, and the defendant took a small sum as a dividend. He now sought to re cover the balance due to him, on the ground that there had been no real dissolution of partnership. The whole, it was contended, was a false and un due representation, calculated to give Horn pos session of the property, to the injury of the joint creditors. The trial of this cause, which was distinguished by conflicting testimony, continued from ten in the morning till nine at night. The Jury, after quitting the box two boors, found a verdict for the Plaintiff—Damages 2871. ADMIRALTY SESSIONS. [Further Proceedings of yesterday.) ALLEGED MURDER. After a consultation of five hours, the Grand Jury returned into Court with a true bill against John Drake, Captain of the Chapman transport vessel, and James Clements, a marine, fur the murder of John M'Cartey, a convict on board that vessel, when on its passage out to New South Wales, and about fifty leagues off the island ot Sr.. Jago. Terence Kiernan, one of the convicts, was called' by the ATTORNEY-GENERAL to prove the charge. He in the first instance stated, that Clements, after complaining of the noisy conduct ot the convicts, fired. his piece ; after which he saw M'Ardle lying dead. Ow his cross-examination, he admitted that be and. some other convicts bad broke their irons, and expressed his belief that the shot came from below deck, while Clements was above deck. Examined by Mr. Justice Pena.--He was de signed by his father to be a priest of the Church of Rome; "the Bible found was not his. Al though he heard Clements say he would " let go," be did not see him point . the gun ; it was too dark. He had nothing to complain of u n til the 19th of April ; be was brought back to Eng land by Captain Gill. • Thoinas Kelly and Michael Ward, convicts, deposed as to a threat held out by Clements to " let go ;" and that another convict, named Ryan, had also been shot, and several wounded. John Browne was one of the soldiers on board the Chapman. The soldiers slept on their arms for about six weeks, for fear of being murdered by the convicts. Shortly after the ship left Cork, the convicts to pick the locks attempts of u t . e h r e e smhaipde by ; a sailor, named Crawley, was put irons, after the 17th of April, and kept so until the end of the voyage; two others were kept in the same state ; they were all put in irons for assisting the convicts with•tbiugs to pick the locks below. Previous to the 28th of April, the officers and crew were in a constant apprehen sion of losing their lives froth an intended rising among the convicts. He recollected hearing Francis Murphy, one of the convicts, confess that a conspiracy existed among thetm After the fir ing had ce ase d on t h e 28 t h, w i tne s s went down into the prison With others. Something like in striiMents were found amongst the prisoners. George Cook, a soldier on board, heard the firing, and he was convinced there was a geperal s rising amongst the convicts. He was convinced the firing saved the ship. The convicts cried out, " fire away and be d—tj ; we want no quarter, and will give none." He distinctly heat(' them rush, and he had no doubt but the attempt. was then made to break the bulk-head to get at the magazine. He heard two convicts declare that there was a conspiracy to murder the °dicers and crew, and take the ship, and that it would have been done the (lay after she left St. Jago, it the Northumberland, one of his Alaje3ty's 74':, had not hove in sight. This closed the case on the part of the prosecu on. Mr. Justice PARK now observed, that there was not a tittle of evidence against Captain Drake ; he should not, therefore, think it necessary to l►ut him on his defence, and it could be for the Jury to say, whether, amidst inch conflicting testi mony on the part of the convicts, he ought to call on the prisoner, Clements, for his defence. The Jury immediately signified, that it was not their wish to put hii Lordship to the trouble, and pronounced the prisoners —Not Guilty. 'Fbe Learned Judge then took au opportunity to eulogize the Government for blitsgiug the case before a Public Tnbithal, and animadverted upon the evidence of the convicts in terms severe, but just and appropriate. The investigation lasted trout two till seven fast night, at which hour the Grand Jury returned a true hill of murder against John Drake (the Captain), Alexander Delver, and Christoper Bustard, arising out of the same cir cumstances. The Grand Jury threw out a bill for murder against two other persons ; but found a trite bill against Thomas INl'Donahl, for an attempt to violate young; girl on the high seas. The Court was then adjourned till ten o'clock this morning. Myttneß.—Yesterday a Cor oner 's I nques t was held the Queen's Head, Lower -street, Isling ton, before T. STIRLING, Esq. on the body of a male infant, found drowned in the New River, wrapped up in a coloured apron with two bricks to sink it ; it was got out of the river with a rake. The Surgeon who examined and opened the b , )dy had no doubt but time deceased was born alive.— The Jury returned a verdict of " Wilful Alutder against tunic person or persons unknown.'' LONDON Alit artgTs. PRICE OF BREAD THIS WEEK. t oil The highest price of •the best Wkeaten Bread thi' lg the Metropolis is stated by the principal Bakers to be i tes l the Quai tern Loaf—Some Bakers sell the Quart er ' s. from one penny to two-pence lower. . Peck Loaf t o we i g h .. 17 lb oz 6 . Quartern Loaf to W O O ' :1 Half ditto.. ditto .... NI I Half Quarter" dittoL:„•do, . - - . • r Red Clover (Foreign) SEEDS —s 80s 100 s to 1 40 9 p c- O S' Ditto English - —s 40s to 72s White ditto —s 75s 90s to 105 s Rye-Grass .. lss• 25s t0.—.4 per qr. ply, Turnip, White ... l 4s od t o 4 03 ad per Red and Green ... l6s Od to 204 od White Mustard Seed 6s Os to I Is Ott IlKovii ditto lss Od to 20s Od ~ Carraway Seeds (uew) Cinque loin s6s od to ;Os Od per cl r° Coriander do Trefoil Ribgrass .., Canary Linseed Oil Cake at the Mill, 171. 17s. to —I. -- - t P e .. r oti*, Sam:.-Rape seed, • 421. to 471. per Last.--Ii3PL,IOIO 81.-10 s. to 01. Os. p er tun.— T ares , 9s. to 14s . Per '''` NEWGATE AND LEADENHALL MARRE TS• liy the Carcase. 44 461 t° 6s Beef 3s 6d to 46 ad Veal 45 Mutton 4s Oil to 4 5 8i: I Pork ss Od t° 6s '' Lathb, Os od to Os Od. __../ ST. JAMES'S HAY MARKET, JAN. 9 ' 41 is 9i Hay 6l 6s Od to 81 8s Oci-Ativragef 01 • SI 001 17* Od to 31 3$ Od-Average, - IS Clut'cr 7l 73,0 d to 81 15s od--Average, 9' WHITEqI/APEL HAY MARKETS 4 Of oil flay ' 71 Os Otl to 81 8s 0(1---aAvelage, ! to !, 1 4 New ditto Ol Os Od t o 0 1 Os Od ----.Averaget ‘ 1 54 ., 1 Straw 2l 12s Od to 21 18s Od--Averaget ` 2 : 4 9 ,0 Clover 'Bl 83 Od to 9! .Ds Od---Averiqe, 8' '.,....." PRICE OF LEATHEg. gSII Butt, 50 to s(ilbs each • J. . 'ter lb .: 2ld .. t t ,' e fr t / Ditto, 5G to Gall's cacti 24d L" 19 0 Dressing Elides Floe Coda Hides , 20d t , 00 19 0 Crop Hides, 35 to 40Ins for cutting Ditto 45 to 50165 l9}d to 4 Calf Skins.. 30 to 4011,s• 24,1 to I , l d, Ditto 50 to 701bs . 34d to .. . o 'i Ditto 7O to 80111 s 3.Sd to ''.„4 Small Seals (Greenland) 24d to '" ii vi Large ditto ...... . per dozen 70s to '" 1 . lid to 19 , 4 '. Tanned Horse Hides 234 to 0" Spanish Horse Hides RAW HIDES. Best Heifers Sc Steers, per rt. Ordtoitr7 ~,. Is 8d to es 2s Gil to 3 Od Alarket Calf .. each ..10 5 .'j Middlings.. 2s 2d•ty 2s Gct Fog. Horse . 04 Od tt, Oa t SHEEP SKINS. of Poi itd ..... Bs Od to 10s od I Shearlings ....01 too 3 o j Downs 5s Od t o Us 6d Lambs Os Od to Os er Stone of 611).—jAN. S• ifs stated by the Butefter c i St. James's :stadia ..4s 0 .1 IVliitechapel Market 49 "I Clare' Market. Average •4s 7dl Newgate Market 1/ ' , Average .... 43 7d PRICE OF RAW FAT, p 4s stated b, the Tall. Maters. I M. James's Market 4s 94 Whits:chapel Market 4s 54 PRICES O TALLOW, Torn Tallow "i:/s 6d —s Od Yellow Russia 763 Od Od White ditto .. 704 04 —s Soap ditto.... 70s 04 —s Od Melting Stull —s Od Gos•Od Ditto Rough.. —s Od 404 Od SOAP, &c. per 1121 b. loo y Vellow Soap l cy NI °Wed.. .. Cord 1 l by Graves . 2 - - d U oi Good Dregs• • lOS PRICE OF CANDLES, ' Irc Prier of Candles, per dosed, 1 , dozen al loreed f, mu Tallow Chandlers' Hall• f 4 s, Oti tas 6d.-lid Q t 'or ready 11/alley. COAL MARKET, JANUARY 11. Ships at Market. Ships ;:old. Price. od. 45 4 NeNtcastla 134 funderlaud...... • ••' &I ......... :R 9d. to as. n'd• Iscow) c( it........ ~.0 ..... ..... —s: Od. to --5 ' o s- J. IStone C0a1.... ........ 1 .......... Go,. Od. to -'s• ,4 4 1.‘ 2 Elgin Main Coal. 0 On Saturday, the 9th inst., at his house in Berners - st reft° the lady of Jahn Leckie, Esq., of a son. MARRIED. t St' MARGIAHE IN HIGH LlFE.—Yesterday inornii* ? 0 - Georges Church, Hanover-square, by pagne, th e Most Noble George, Marquis of Mandfard, 1 a rt Right Hon. Lade Jane Stewart, eldest daughter of tho ' l 4 - r a ther, a ' , of Galloway.— _Cite bride was • giver) away by h er ' Stew' her two sisters, Lady Caroline and Lady Louisa , te ,l who, together with Lady Caroline Spencer Churchilf, 3 ' sls if. GS Wide maids. The Earl of Shaftesbury and Viscount n 6 , , 4 , Ilw Rry.Geor;.",eCollllo den, the uncles of the Marquis of Blandford, attended c . _ ss occasion. There were al-o present—Her Grace the of Marlborough, Countesses of Galloway and Shaftesl),,, I Lord Charles Spencer Churchill, Lord Garlies, the t i o .. Captain and Mrs . Paget, the Hon. Edward and Lady 1 4 .''s rifle Ste ill t, Hon. Cud. James SteWilft, &C. rh 4 11 '; On Sati-day, the 9th inst ,at Richmond, Surrey, r • - iP INI ) "LgPo Esq., jun., of Ilatiersta, to Miss Allfla itObStgit the lunacy place. Vticnacc, lEir On the 17th J une l ast, at D the F ort Darwan, East ,Ce o f in the .2Gth year of his age, Lieut. John Robert MilchY' o .- his Majesty' s 53d Regiment, don t g duty with the flank c' patties in the field, second son o f t h e l ate R o b ert M ae lq, „ tot wetly of Marden, Het tS. In September, 1818, in th e serv i ce o f t h e I n d e pencb: t e 9 s ; near the Spanish M a i n , Thomas Rowcroft, e '" sun of Thomas Rowcroft, Esq., merchant, of London. PROVINCIAL BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATI*-' BllzTll*. P At Inveresk. on the 5111 inst. the Lady of R. D. Horn phii.stoor, of Horn and Logic; Elphinstoor, of a son. At Kildorn►rr Glebe !lonic.. Ireland, on New Years Daft the Lady of the Rev. Edward llardigan, of a sun. Lately, Mr. 11. Wilde to :%liss ‘Vragg, both of Shctfiell Sunday se'noi4ht, Jaines Dale to Aliss Ann I.3r ooL '' , ' licad, both of Sheffield. tk' On the 19th ult. at ['Ashy, near Catterick-bridge, c U shire, .1, Arrowsinith, Esq. to Mrs. Hannah Flower, a ti widow; the gentleniaa is 75 years of age, and the lady 'l s ' At Penang, on th e :SOH, May, 1818, John Anderson, -r' 3 l; High Slieritr of Pritied of W a l es ' I s l an d , an d secon d son " Itulicrt Anderson, Esq. of Stroyilian, to Miss Mary Ati' °l) Carnegy, s e c o nd d ati l iter of James Carnegy, Esq. Inci ch3.- ,1, in Penang. DIED. I)liATIt OF Loan HA aTLAND.-01) the 4th inst. at Stroke" town Honse, county of Itoscomuill, Ireland, in the Blst year of his age, the Right Hon. Maurice Lord Baron Hartland.-- His Lordship was married in l7tis to the H o n. Catherin e Moore, daughter of Stephen Lord Mount-Casbel, and is sur vived by her Ladyship, by whom lie has left issue, the Hun' Major-General Thomas Mallon, now Lord ILirtlaud, Lien" - Colonel of the 9th Dragoons; the Hon. Nlajor-General Stei phen Nl a h on „ Lieut.-Culotte! of the 7th I)ragontiGuards I an the If o n. an d Her. Maurice Mallon, one of the Prebendaries of St. Patrick's Cathedral. On Sunday se'nuight, suddenly, immediately on entering the church at ( lielinarsh, Salop, Mr. Green, sett. of Larding' ton Mills, near liridgnortli. :Xt Stav e l e y, Y or k s hi re , on IV e d nest l ay l as t, th e Itereret Fletcher I)ix on , LL.I). Vi car o f Duffield. LONDON: Printrti liv J. B. cAitsTmits, of Na. s 9, Great Ormond -strut, Q11;•en-s.inare; and publiebril by W., A• SCRIPPS, of No. 7, South Melton-sti vet, at THE Su?' Otficv, No. 11'2, Strand ; vdter4; Adveitisements, Orders, Lettvle, (poet-paid) must boaldresirde /47; N ti - -ft u k iExr wEs.r to t i trq 4 4 , tilt '1 a