The Sun. — London, England, 1841-07-21 00:00:00

ORNING SUN. were absurd and disproportioned to the objects aimed at, was in his opinion extremely injudicious. Even in that country they had seen instances of men bringing forward the most absurd plans with very inadequate means, and that did not appear to him to be a sufficient ground for acquittinr , the Raja of any breach of faith. As to the question of the Raja's jewels and revenue he did not pretend to understand it fully, but he thought that whatever was necessary for his comfort in his pre sent position should be allowed him.—(Hear, hear.) It was satisfactory to know that as far as regarded the dis cussion of the question in that Court ample justice had been done to the Raja. Even in the absence of the Hon. Baronet (Sir C. Forbes), by whom the question had been brought forward, it had been ably and powerfully advocated. There was one point, however, connected with the discussions that had taken place which might bi attended with inconvenience hereafter—he meant the publication of despatches and documents of a private and secret character, and which were circulated, not only throughout England, but would be transmitted to India.—(Hear, hear.) If he was called upon to pro nounce an opinion, he must say that he felt himself jus tified in supporting the amendment of the Hon. Deputy- Chairman. The act had been done after due delibera tion by those upon whom that responsibility rested, and to disturb it now would only be to increase the evil. In conclusion he would observe that if the question of the Jagheers was still unsettled, he trusted that it would not be lost sight of, but that it would be brought to a speedy and satisfactory termination, by which they would guard against the chance of these evils again occurring. The measure having received the sanction of the Court of Directors—not unanimously certainly, but still by a large majority—it having also received the sanction of the Board of Control, he thought, as a member of that Court, he was bound to vote for the amendment.—(Hear, hear.) In answer to Mr. POYNDER, The CHAIRMAN said it was the anxious wish of the Directors that the debate should close that night, and he had no objection to sit till twelve o'clock for that pur pose. Captain COGAN said, so far as the decision of the Raja of Sattara was concerned, in regard to the propositions that had been made to him, he fully approved of hia Highness's conduct, and was proud of the part he had acte,l.—(Hear.) He thought his conduct in rejecting these terms was highly . honourable, and was strong evi dence in itself of his innocence.—(Hear, hear.) There was one matter of a personal nature which he was anxious to clear up. It had been stated that a present of 2,500 rupees had been sent him by the Raja, but the fact was, he had obtained a statement from the parties in Bom bay, to whom that money had been transmitted, show ing how it had been disposed of, for so far as he was concerned, he had never touched it. An application had been made to him to go to Sattara, and the money had been sent by the Raja to pay his travelling expenses, but he had declined to receive it, expressing his determina tion to pay the expenses out of his own pocket. The money was then lodged in the banker's hands at Born bay, where it still remained, and the original letter con taining these statements was in his hands now, and was at the 'service of any Hon. Proprietor who might wish to look at it.—(Hear, hear.) Again, with regard to Dr. Milne; whose name had been most unwarrantably mixed up in these despatches, and who had been most unjustifi ably attacked. A PROPRIETOR said the attacks had not been made in that Court, and therefore it was unnecessary to allude to them. Captain COGAN proceeded. He had been the bearer of a letter from Mr. - Hume to Don Manoel, who it was understood was in correspondence with the vakeels of the Raja of Sattara. The answer of Don Manoel was that he did not believe the British Government could be seri ous in believing that any treasonable correspondence existed, and as to the 30,000 men to be furnished by him, it was well known that he could not furnish 3,000 or 300.—(Hear, hear.) He had shown Don Manoel cvies of the letters supposed to be written by him and he had laughed at them, declaring that they were fabri cations, and that he knew nothing whatever of them. That was the substance of his interview with Don Manoel, and there could be no doubt of the truth of the statements made by that nobleman. He had perused the documents that had been laid before the Court with - as much deliberation and attention as any other Hon. Members, and his decided conviction was that the Raja was as innocent of any treason against the British Government as any of the Hon. Gentlemen who had signed his condemnation.—(Hear, hear.) Now the opinions of the Government and of these gentlemen had been quoted, but it should be remembered that they were sitting as a Court of Appeal, and that •the judgment of the former judges had nothing to do with their decision. It was upon that evidence they were to decide, and he would ask where was there any evidence of the Raja's guilt ? —(Hear, hear.) He regretted to find that Sir J. Hob house had made up his mind before hearing what the evidence was, and . : had declared his determination to support the East India Company and the Government of India, whether right er wrong.----(Hear, hear.) The Hon. Proprietor then referred to the refusal of the Sat tarA Commissioners to allow the witnesses to be cross examined, and contended that such a proceeding was a gross violation and outrage of all justice, and that it 11a3 the duty of the Government to direct the suspen sion of the two Commissioners, Mr. Willoughby slid Gen. Ovans, till an investigation into their conduct had taken place. After some observations upon the conduct and character of Ballajee Punt, and declaring that so far from his (Captain Cowan's) having been a paid agent of the Raja, he had never, until the last two or three months, when he had assisted the unfortunate Vakeels who had come over to that country, touched a single rupee of the Raja's money, Captain Cogan concluded by expressing his determination to vote in favour of the motion of his Hon. Friend. After a few words from Mr. WARDEN, in explanation, Mr. SALOMONS rose to speak to the amendment. Mr. WEEDING rose to order. The Hon. Proprietor had already addressed the Court, and, therefore, he con sidered him out of order in attempting to make a second speech. The CHAIRMAN said the Hon. Proprietor (Mr. Salo mans) was perfectly in order. His former speech had been on the motion, and he had not yet spoken on the amendment, which, according to the rules of the Court, he had a right to do.—(Cheers.) Mr. SALOMONS had no intention of again going over the subject, but would confine himself strictly to the amendment. With regard to the allegations of the first part of the motion there could be no doubt. There could be no doubt that the allegations contained in the first part of the motion were undeniable. It was undeniable that the Raja had not had an opportunity of defending himself. It was not denied that he had been called on to sign a document acknowledging that he had been guilty of the crimes imputed to him. It could not be denied that he had been dispossessed of his throne on his refusal to sign such a document.—(Hear, hear.) 'These facts had been so clearly admitted, that it was a work of supererogation to make any remarks upon them. He believed the fact was, that the reason why the Raja had never had an opportunity of replying to the charges against him, arose entirely from the unfor tunate death of Sir Robert Grant, because Sir Robert Grant's minutes proved that he had;always intended that the Raja should have an opportunity of replying to the charges before proceeding to punish him, and it was only owing to the accidental appointment of Sir James Carnac to the Presidency, who was presumed to be in possession of everything relating to the case before he left England, that the Raja had been deprived of that op portunity. The Governor-General intended that he should have an opportunity of replying to the charges. Sir R. CAMPBELL was understood to deny this state ment. Mr. SALOMOtiS would appeal to the minute of Mr. Shakespear. He really must say that they were quite as capable of judging of the evidence which had been so handsomely placed upon the table by the Court of Di rectors, and he thought the Court would be deviating from strict justice, if they did judge according to that evidence alone.—(Hear, kcal%) With regard to the placing Appa Sahib on the throne, th ere could be l doubt but that the Governor-General did not approve of the proceedi ngs, but he threw the whole resp ons ibi l i ty upon the Government of Bombay, who, h e im ag i ned, had obtained the opinion of the Court of Directors upon he subject. The Gove rnment of Bombay had twoon courses to pursue. The firs t was to p ut Appa S ah i b on the throne ; the other to abridge _ not adopt th e m i ld the military Pow er o f _used to sign the do the Baja. Sir James Canute did . powerpunishment, but when the Raja refused cument, he proceeded at once to the heaviest punish ment which it was in his poer to i nflict. He now Caine to the amendment. If the Directors had said that there were great State reasons, which had ind uced ' them to depose the Raja without giving him a trial, which reasons they , could not publish, as the publi cation of them might be detrimental to the public service if some such amendment as that been brought forward, it might have been a 4104 unreasonable mode of proceeding. But *hp: . did they say ? They said that it would be inex: . z e edent for the Court of Proprietors to interfere wit the decision of the Court of Directors. A more - ancourteous amendment had never been placed bd .,- When the question wr- first the Court of Proprietors. of Proprietors i n F brought before th e Court official doc r - ebruary, 1840, supported only by un to sa to tv it might be very fair for the Directors the y .4 Court of Proprietors, "You have not y e t seen .ram in this case. W e h ave seen it ; we are at pre aged in the investigation : we ask you to trust to your responsible Executive, and therefore consider it inexpedient for the Court of Proprietors to interfere at present." But, after the Proprietors had had an opportu iaity of looking over all the documents, on which the Court of Directors had decided ; after seeing the diffe rence of opinion which existed among the Directors themselves on the subject, it was rather too much for Directors to come forward with an amendment, not itatins any public grounds, but merely declaring that it was inexpedient that the subject should be entertained by the Court of Proprietors.—(Hear, hear.) He had al ways stood up for the rights of the Court of Pro prietors—(Hear)—because he believed the maintenance of those rights was necessary in order to enable them to give that support and assistance to the Court of Directors which they might require ? But he would ask had the Court of Proprietors no duty to perform ? What constituted the East India Company ? Not the Court of Directors but the Court of Proprietors-- (Cheers)--and he was convinced that their harmonizing together was the best security for the peace of India. Had the Court of Proprietors ever shown a disposition unduly to interfere or intermeddle with the Government of India, or with any other matters beyond their cogni zance ? - -(Cheers.) But in a case like the one under dis cussion he would ask if it was not the duty of the Court of Proprietors to interfere, and he thought that the in terference of the Court of Proprietors' could not but produce a great effect' not only on th e C ourt o f Direc tors,or but itaeon the Boa rd of C on t ro l , and even on Parlia t lf.-- (Lowlcheer s .) Their opinion should be listened to, and he : uste r d it would have due weight. (Cheers.) The D i rector s said that the Cou r t of Pro prietors c ou ld not alter any oi their decisions after o those decisions had received the sanction o f the Bartdoef Control. That was perfectly true, and it would be exceed ingly wrong to attempt to overrule their decisions, but the motion attempted nothing of the sort ; it simply recom mended the Courtof Directors to revise their decision, and the Court had the power to express its censure or approval of the conduct of the Coh' of Directors, or to recommend to them any course which the Proprietors might think should be adopted.—(Loud cheers.) What' had Mr. Charles Grant, now Lord Glenelg, said, at the time of the renewal of the Charter ? He referred more particularly to his celebrated letter, which would be found among the Charter papers, in which Mr. C. Grant, at the time the assets of the Company were taken to India, said that such a measure was most desirable, inas much as it would make them the more watchful in their proceedings, because on the good government of India their own prosperity would depend.—(Cheers.) Those were the words of Mr. Charles Grant, when laying down in his celebrated letter the arrangements for the future government of India.—(Cheers.) The Board of Direc tors called themselves a responsible Executive. Now to whom were they responsible ? Not to the Board of Control he hoped—(Hear, hear)—they had thrown otf their responsibility to the Court of Proprietors. To whom, then, were they responsible ? He supposed they were responsible to God, being bound by their oaths to administer justice. But the Proprietors had also a re sponsibility. They had never shown any desire to wrong the Court of Directors, or weaken their authority either in this country or in India ; and he would say that their interference in this great question was more likely to add to the permanence of our power in India than any other course which could have been adopted, because it would show the natives of that country that whenever questions arose in which they might conceive that they were wronged, that there , was a power in this country which would interfere to remedy those wrongs, and make the public aware of their case.—(Cheers.) This ought to be done in a kindly spirit, and he would refer to the whole course of the present debate to show that it had been done in a kindly spirit in the present instance. There had not been a single reflection cast on any one individual behind the bar—(Hear, hear)—and never had a debate been conducted with less of personality. —(Hear, hear.) Not a single reference had been made to the Indian Government calculated to create a prejudice against it ; on the contrary, full credit had been given them for having kept strictly to what they thought their duty. But here was a matter requiring correction. Here was a native Prince who had been many years the object of Four care. He had not been heard in his defence—he ought to have been heard. They should endeavour, so far as possible, to retrace their steps, and place him in that situation which he would be entitled had he been the meanest subject in stead of a sovereign Prince.—(Hear, hear.) Should the original motion be negatived he hoped the of fensive amendment would not be persisted in. He should, in the event of such an occurrence, propose an amendment, which he would read as part of his speech " That, after an attentive perusal and careful examina tion of the papers laid before this Court, in the case of the late Baja of Sattara, this Court does not feel satisfied that justice has been done in the deposal of the late Baja, and in the confiscation of his private property ; and also in the elevation of his brother Appa Sahib to the throne. " That this opinion is confirmed by the fact, that at the last hour the Governor of Bombay tendered the ex Raja a general amnesty for his past conduct, from which fact it is clearly to be inferred that the political offences of the ex-Raja (if any) were not of a grave or dan gerous character, such as to call for so heavy a penalty as his deposition and the forfeiture of his private pro perty. " That this Court therefore recommends to the Court of Directors to take again this case into their serious and deliberate consideration."—(Cheers.) Mr. LEWIS then rose and said that after the long dis cussion which had taken place on this case he would en deavour to make his reply as brief as possible.—(Hear, hear.) He rejoiced to hear the admission which had been, somewhati tardily and reluctantly, made, that a communication had been made to both Chairs from the Board of Control on the subject of this case.— (Cheers.) He had been told, indeed, that that commu nication was confidential, but he could not understand how any communication relating to such a subject could be made matter of confidential communication.— (Cheers.) He was, however, glad to hear that that communication had been made.—(Hear, hear.) lie looked upon it as a good omen.—(Cheers.) He was sa tisfied from that communication having been made, that the President of the Board of Control had a conviction, or, at all events, a suspicion, that justice had not been done in the case.—(Cheers.) It afforded the Directors an opportunity of receding from their opinion, of re tracing the steps which they had taken, and of giving to the injured party that reparation which was due at their hands.—(Hear, hear.) He could have wished that every statement of the Court of Directors had been equally gratifying. It had given him great pain to hear the Chairman assert that the Court of Proprietors had not the power to alter any measure which had received the sanction of the Board of Control and the Court of Di rectors. What reason could there be for the assertion which had been made that the present motion was trench ing upon provisions of the Act of Parliament? He denied that the motion trenched at all upon the provisions of the Act of Parliament.—(Cheers.) He asserted that the Court of Proprietors had a right to discuss any measure which the Court of Directors might think fit to adopt, and to recommend to the Court of Directors what course they chose. It was afterwards for the Court of Director either to adopt or to reject the recommendation, but the Proprietors had certainly the right of pointing out what they might consider to be errors in the conduct of the Court of Directors. The Court of Proprietors had cer tainly the power of offering the recommendation to the Court of Directors—whether the Directors would accept it or not it was of -course for themselves to decide. On that subject he would refer to the authority of Mr. Auber, who expressly stated that the authority pf the Company was delegated to, not absorbed by the Court of Directors.—(Cheers.) Mr. Salomons had referred to the opinion of Lord Glenelg, which showed most clearly that the intention of the Legislature was that the Court of Proprietors should be clearly identified with the affairs of India.—(Cheers.) He was still more sorry to hear the threat which had been held out of an Act of Parliament to restrain them.—(Cheers.) He was sorry that none of the mitigating or qualifying circumstances which had been alluded to by the Hon. Director, Air. Shepherd, as having accompanied that menace had met his ear.—(Hear.) He would give the Deputy Chairman the credit of admitting that he had afterwards qualified his speech by his subsequent explanations.—(Hear, hear.) So far from thinking that the conduct they were then pursuing would be such as to induce the Legislature to interfere with their privileges, he was satisfied that if any application were made to the Legislature to curtail those privileges which had only been used to ask that justice . might be done, I that the Legislature would indignantly reject any such application.—(Loud cheers.) In the opening of the case he had said that the question was whether the act of the Bombay Government in deposing the Raja was or was not justified by the evidence.—(Cheers.) The Govern ment had rested the justification of their conduct on three grounds—first, that he had been temporising with the fidelity of the Sepoys of the 23d Regiment ; second, that he had entered into treasonable communications with the ex-Raja of Nagpore ; and third, that he had entered into treasonable communications with the Go vernor of Goa. He would call their attention in the first place to the first charge, viz. that of tampering with the fidelity of the Sepoys. That depended upon the evidence of the Soubadars, and all that they stated was that they had had two interviews with the Itaja and the Dewar. In the first interview nothing particular had passed, and in the second int erv i ew cer t a i n en i gmat i cal expressions, which had been much commented on, had been made use of. That was the whole statement of the Soubadars, and they stated that a Brahmin had in troduced them to the Raja, and their statements all went to implicate the Raja. That Brahmin had prevaricated in his evidence, and throughout the whole proceeding there was nothing to show that either the Raja or the Dewan had authorised the Brahmin.— (Cheers.) That was the whole history of the transac- • tion as connected with the Brahmin. The Raja had - had the opportunity of knowing the.evidence wi" been given against him. True, the testir -Leh had Soubadars had been' read dyer to him- ...iony of the had an opportunity of reading , Out he had not oral testimony, and the Jr - ' deuce ;he had not had an 0- -.e documentary evi !xamination of the w 4 -prortunit c v of having the cross known at the time' -ages had prevented any ...nesses. These facts he had not had since had brought forward his motion ; they review of the proceedings its r' borne testimony to by General Lodwick ; 0 4 1 11 11 e known that the Court had been preparing that the condctf the whole time it was at Sattara; and from the conduct of judges. of that Company, he would say the majority of the Court was not such, and their Aeosie He could not consider that as proceedings were utterly l worth ess.—Cheers.) Th e by evid ( ence. It wassetsardtd charge wan also unsupported that treasonable communica tions had taken place betweenthe Baja of Sattara and the ex-Raja of Nagpore. evidence that these communicativ, it appeared tom the private were merely such as domestic nature. and were usually took place between c m o estie nature. These confined entirely to matters of a n.aphmentary nature, communications were entirely of a and indeed the position of the ex-Raj a of Nab° moscridi - e : ,Attara it evident that any application from the R a i a - ,-,t re c made to him for a supply of troops must be (Loud cheers.) Those communications were u e n l i ee ls. t — l y harmless, and it was evident to them the ex P - Najpore had no means whatever of affording any j a of support to any treasonable designs of the Raja of Sattara. The last charge related to the alleged intrigues with t h e Governor of Goa. Now no connection whatever had been established between Najo and the Raja. Najo had gone to Goa to es tablish the influence of the Swammee. During the whole twelve years he had only had three interviews with the Raja of Sattara, and there was no evidence whatever to - show that he was the agent either of the Raja or the Dewan. Then with regard to the seal attached to those papers, it was proved that it differed considerably from the seal of the Raja ; and if they considered the posi tion of the Governor of Goa, and the absolute impossi bility of his furnishing any troops, they must come to the conclusion that it was impossible that the Raja, e x _ cept he was a madman, could have made such an application. On these grounds, he had con tended that the Raja was not guilty. Now, how had those arguments been met on the other side? No one who had addressed the Court had attempted to grapple with them, but they had all gone off into colla teral topics. They had spoken of the character of the Raja, of the high opinion which he entertained of his own rank and importance, of the ambitious nature of his character. That was the alpha and the omega of the case. and they had not deigned to make one passing obiervie- - tion on the evidence.—(Cheers.) - They hall debated. on various topics, which he could not help considering as pitiful subterfuges to take up the time of the Court, and to withdraw their attention from the only point really before them, the evidence of the case. The Deputy chairman had alluded to the ambitious character of the THE SUN, L 0141561 <f, WIIDNESEINS,_ Raja, and had stated that the course which had been pur sued towards him had met with the unanimous approbation of all the Governments of India. In that he had been followed by Mr. Weeding and Mr. Fielden, the latter of whom had thought it necessary to vindicate the charac ters of all those implicated in the transaction. Why the Hon. Proprietor had pursued such a course, he was at a loss to imagine. The lion. Gentleman had stated that the Governor-General and Mr. Elphinstone had been charged with wilful and corrupt perjury— Mr. WEnDnic.—As encouraging perjury. Mr. LEWIS had made no such charge. He should have been sorry to have made any such ridiculous charge —(Hear)----which owed its origin entirely to the prolific imagination of the Learned Proprietor. The Hon. Director, Mr. Warden, had begun by stating his con viction of the Raja's guilt ; and, in vindication of that opinion, had stated that the Raja, being a Mahratta, must necessarily be deceitful. He had then proceeded to the vindication of the Bombay Government ; but even he felt no much the oppressive proceedings of the Com mission, that he gave it up, and said the Bombay Go vernment ought not to have appointed it,— (Hear, hear.) None of them had dared to grapple with the evidence, and he put it to the Court whether policy and expediency, as well as justice, did not demand that they should act towards the native Princes, who were de pendent upon them, with kindness and consideration? It was the duty of every strong State in alliance with a weaker one to support the weaker one in all its just claims and rights, and never to seek for an opportunity of oppressing it. Such a course was dictated not only by justice but by policy and expediency, and such were the maxims which ought to be adopted by the Court of Directors. Wny had not the Governor of Goa been ap plied to ? The Bombay Goverement stated they did not think it necessary, and that showed they thought but little of the intrigue.—(Cheers.) The Hon. Director Mr. Sheppard, had said that no precedent could destroy the simple principles of justice. On that ground he was content to leave the present question. If the Hon. Pro prietor admitted that the simple principles of justica had been violated in this case, then it was his duty to use his influence with his col leagues to sanction the present motion. Sir Robert Campbell had rested his opinion of the Raja's guilt on a letter from a missionary, who stated that at Goa he had seen certain persons on horseback, who stated that the horses were presents from the Raja of Sattara, on condition that he should be assisted in ex pelling the English. Now would they condemn any man On such hearsay testimony as that ?—and the greater part of the evidence against the Raja was hearsay. A most unjustifiable course had been pursued ; for the witnesses had been asked to testify what they knew of their own knowledge and what they heard. The testimony of Gene ral Briggs had been alluded to in support of the charges against the Raja's character. Fortunately General Briggs had been present, and had, in common with every other Resident at Sattara, borne testimony in favour of the character of the Raja. They had talked' of consistency, but those were the consistent persons who throughout maintained the Raja's innocence, and among those must be numbered the worthy and exemplary members of the Court of Directors, Mr. Tucker, Mr. Sheppard, Mr. J. Forbes, and Mr. C o tt on . —(Loud cheers.) These gentleman had all along fearlessly ex pressed their dissent from the conduct pursued by the Directors. It had been thought necessary to vin dicate the character of Sir James Carnac. He had guarded himself against casting any imputation on the character of any man during the whole course of the proceedings, It had been said that the Raja had violated the treaty of 1819 by holding any sort of com munication with any person excepting through the Resi dent. Now, looking to the relative position of the parties, the object of the treaty was merely to give the Resident such power as would en able him to discover any correspondence which might be carried on injurious to the British inte rests. It was never intended to prevent all intercourse, and if it were to be construed literally, he should say it was rather a snare laid by the British Government to entrap the Raja and to get possession of his territories.— (Cheers.) Our violation of the treaty in the affair of the Jagheerdars had been flagrant and unjustifiable. The Court itself had admitted that fact by directing the res toration of one of the Jagheers to the Raja. The evi dence on which the Bombay Government had acted was full of discrepancies, as had been pointed out by the Go vernor-General. It was admitted that Sir James Carnac had required from the Raja an admission of his guilt, which the Raja had refused to give. In his very first interview, as recorded at page 299 of the papers, the Raja asserted that he would do anything except signing or admitting that he had been an enemy to the British Government, but that he would never sign a do cumment containing such a statement.—(Hear, hear.) The three charges were that he had tampered with the SepoYs—that he had parried on a treasonous correspond ence with the Raja Of Nagpore, and with the Portuguese Governor at Goa 7 -and Sir James Carnac himself ad mitted that he called upon the Raja, through what he was pleased to term a mild preamble "—(Cheers and laughter)—to confess himself guilty on those three charges.—(Hear, hear.) It was for his refusal to sign that confession the Raja was seized at midnight and hurried away a prisoner to Benares.—(Hear, hear.) It had been said that this was not in evidence, but in fact it was too notorious to require evidence.—(Hear, hear.) On a former occasion Sir Charles Forbes read a letter from an officer who was present on the occasion, which put the matter out of all doubt. The letter was as follows : " One company of his Majesty's 41st regiment, two companies of the 21st regiment of Native Infantry, and three companies of the 25th Native Infantry, being or dered to march to Sattara, at twenty-four hours' notice, we left Poona. on the 31st of August, and arrived in Sattara on the 4th of September. We received orders to meet the following morning on the parade, at two o'clock. The grenadiers of the 25th regiment, with the light company and some artillery, were ordered to march to the palace and take the Rajah, whilst the 21st compa nies and the Bth regiment went to the Adawlut and Balla Sahib's house, to take him and look after his cavalry, .who were fully expected to show fight ; but nothing oc curred, nor could he be found. Balla Sahib is comman der of the Raja's force. We marched into the palace, and formed into line before the doors, and men with lan terns were seen running about in every direction—it being scarcely light—to prevent the Raja attempting his escape, whilst Colonel Ovans, the Resident, and another officer, went into the palace to find the Raja, accompa nied by the present Raja Appa Sahib, who led them to his brother's bed-room and showed them where he was I The same day he was publicly proclaimed. There was the poor little Raja fast asleep when the Colonel found him. He immediately came out in his sleeping-drawers and a piece of cloth thrown over his shoulders ; he made no resistance. A palanquin was called, in which he was placed, as well as his Commander-in-Chief Balla Sahib, who was found in another room. Had 4 single shot been fired, all his property would have fallen prize money to us, and he had lots of it ; large chests arranged all along, full of money, and an immense number of gold and silver dishes ; but he was too prudent. We marched with them to a place six miles from Sattara, called Neembgaom, where we are a t p resent, w i th a strict guard over them ; and shall remain until orders come from the Governor-General where we are to remove them." He thought that he had now satisfied the Court of the truth and propriety of every allegation in the resolution which he had had the honour of moving, and of the justice of acceding to the recommendation which it con veyed. The Hon. and Learned Member concluded amidst loud and repeated applause. Mr. TUCKER, in explanation, begged leave to tvthat what he had said h a d b een pus h ed b y an Hon, Proprietor further than he had intended. What he had said was, that from all the notions he could form qt evidence, giving his sentence as a sworn judge, ~'e "'must declare that there was no evidence upon 7, iic h t h e Mt j a of Sat tara ought to hav e b een d '..:frived of his throne, bereft p of everything h e - c ' ssP :,sed, and transported to a distant country.—(Cheer- - The quest' (that, oe was then put on the original motion . Mr. Lewis), and upon the show of hands the ...aners were— For the motion lO Against it 27 Majority against the resolution —l7 The amendment moved by the Hon. Chairman on the first . day of this discussion was then put as a substantive motion; whereupon Mr. SALomoss moved the amendment which we have given above. Mr. NORRIS seconded the amendment. He said after a perusal of all the papers laid before the. Court, he was convinced that the facts did not justify the deno sition of the Raja and the forfeiture of his private pro perty. If the old hash of a resolution was• 'pssed tb this effect,that the Court of Proprietor:B watlld titlt fere with their . responsible EN'Wttitt, they would have the whole eetnitry against them, and to all eternit s yChters and laughter)—for every man, woman ) iihd child knew that no man ought tb be en.; damned without a trial.—(Hear, hean) t ith§, very well to say that the case had been. fitittlly deW4. - thought Judge Jeffries w4h 7eith* fitnions that were final as far tt•S tetVetAVki hig Victims. --(Hear, hear.) But they wit's hot final before the bar of public opinion, and Vettainly not before a still higher tribunal. Mr. G. TnomrsoN was happy that the diSetts'sion had taken place, and had been earriect tb so great length, even though the former hietioti,6d been lost.—(Hear, hear.) The sUbstaittiVh ifititlnll Which was now before the Chair trilled uh the Court to pro nounce it inexpedient tb interfere with the Executive in relation to the affairs of the Raja of Sattara. It had been elrAtly demonstrated in that Court that the Raja was an innocent man.—(Cheers.) The character tit` the Servants of the East India Company - , chit pia military, was greatly en h ance d i n t h at discussion ; but when the Court came to a final division on the question it would be seen how many gentlemen on the other side of the bar had voted for a refusal of justice.—(Hear, ham%) Mr. Tucker, a venerable and high-minded untn.=.4Cheers) —had said that a judicial functionary ought to be with out passion and without feelings, and there could be no doubt that in that maxim he stated the characteris: tics of his own conduct in discharging justly and impartially his duties.—(Cheers.) That Hon. Director had set forth in propositions, which he threw over to the outer side of the bar, that the Raja had been depoSed without any sufficient grounds.—(Cheers.) He would ask them, in the langaage of Mr. Tucker, whether, if the Raja were now in possession of the throne, they would, after the evidence which was now before them, voto for, his - deposition ?—(Tremendous cheering.) ' la they not say that the only stain was upon those who. were the Raja's enemies, or the dupes of ".eini--)7?—(Repeated cheering . and applause.) The testinieny of General Lodwick, who was near Four .years a Resident at the Court of • the Raja -,tine testimony ; _ in fact, of all the Residents, without exception, was conclusive in proof of the Raja'a in - no; conger--(Cheers.) But it was said that - allithose:gtntle , • men were cajoled and. deluded-by the Raja. It was said, thut there could be no doubt - of their delitsion i - heimutqc 4 Mr. Anderson said that they were cajoled.— (CheerS=and laughter.) iqr. WARDEN said that thc , Residents therrEelve3 had furnished the evidence that they were cajoled. Mr. THOMPSON proceeded--If anything could redeem the Court of Directors from disgrace and infamy-, It Was the speech delivered from within the bar durinc , these discussions by the .Hon. and Gallant Director ° Major , . General Robertson.—(Great cheering.) Sir J. L. LUSHINGTON said he could not sit there to hear anyman accuse the Court, of which he had the honour to be a member, of disgrace and infamy.— (Cheers, and very general interruption.) Mr. FIELDER was 'quite certain that the Hon. Pro prietor (Mr. Thompson) would not hesitate to retract the language which had been so very properly com plained of.—(Hear, hear.) Mr. THOMPSON had said nothing disrespectful, nothing irregular, nothing that he could not explain, and nothing that he felt himself called upon to retract. The Direc tors had refused to take even the first steps towards doing justice.—(Cheers.) If there were gentlemen upon whom unmerited reproach of disgrace and infamy were cast he would prefer to be one of them to sit amongst those who cast imputations of the highest guilt and dishonour upon an untried man, and refused to hear him in his defence.—(Cheers,) The charge of injustice was not made by him ; it was made by an Hon. Member of their own body, who pulled the keystone out of the arch of falsehood and perjury, and laid the whole fabric at their feet.—(Cheers.) He spoke now of Mr. Sheppard, an Hon. Director, who declared that the Raja was innocent. The Hon. Proprietor then referred to the statements of Mr. Norris, General Sykes, and Captain Cogan, who all concurred in believing the Raja absolutely innocent of any designs against the English . Government. The Raja was offered the perpetual poS session of his throne, the enjoyment of his treasures, and the favour of the British Government, if he would only acknowledge that he had violated the treaty, and had acted with dish on o ur, • He (Mr. Thompson) could very well understand how it happened that Sir James Carnac offered such a doct.i ment for the Raja's signature. In fact, he did notlnoiv the man. He thought that the Hindoo Prince would not hesitate to confess himself guilty for the sake of pre serving his possessions. But the Governor was mis taken. The Raja gave up everything rather then vom promise his own reputation.—(Hear, hear.) He (Mr. Thompson) found in an old book which had come acci dentally into his hands, a case which was exactly parallel to that of the unfortunate Raja, and which showed in what manner and with what cleverness, Indian ministers and agents were able to impose upon and betray those who placed trust in them. The' book which he held in, his hand was entitled " A view of the Agricultural, Commercial, and Financial Interests of the island of Ceylon." The passage which he' was about to read, referred to the time when the Colony was in the hands of the Dutch. The author states : " However reluctant the different British collectors may be to admit the -assertion, I can nevertheless state with confidence that I have met with very few indeed who were not strongly influenced in their public conduct by the native head-men that were immediately under their com mand, and nearest to their persons. Collectors, and even Governors of the most distinguished talents, have been under that influence. Governor Vander Graaff, who was represented by all to have been a superior character among those who have ruled Ceylon, was most grossly deceived by his first Modilear, Abesinga. This man was carrying on a false correspondence between the Governor and Pelime Talao, first Adigar of Candy, in whose name Abesinga was fabricating letters addressed to the Governor.—(Hear, hear, hear.) During this correspondence on matters of great weight which were naturally never brought to a conclusion, many presents were interchanged on both sides. Those from the Go vernor were always, as customary, the most costly. When the expectations of Mr. Vander Graaff were raised to the highest, waiting the conclusion of a very favour. able treaty, Abesinga happened to die, and to the great surprise and mortification of the GoVernor, the whole of his correspondence with the Candian Minister was found in Abesinga's desk, and the presents in his chest.— (Cheers and laughter.) He (Mr. T.) would not support any resolution which fell short of doing the Raja com plete and entire justice—(Cheers)---and he concluded by moving an amendment, to the effect— " That, in the opinion of this Court, his Highness the Ex-Raja of Sattara is innocent of the charges brought against him, of having entertained treasonable designs against the British Government, or of otherwise inten tionally violating the Treaty of September 25th, 1819 : And that, thereore, his Highness the ex-Raja of Sat tara, according to the principles of British law, founded upon immutable justice, and the inalienable right of prince or peasant, is entitled to an entire restitution of all his rights, and ample reparation for all his wrongs."--- (Cheers.) Mr. POYNDER then proposed an additional amendment which, after some discussion, the Chairman refused to en tertain. The question having been taken upon Mr. Salomon's amendment, the negative w•as carried by a majority of 29 to 12. The CHAIRMAN then took the show of hands upon his own resolutions, which, without counting the numbers, he declared to be carried. A somewhat angry discussion, which was not very well understood by the Reporters, then ensued, in the course of which Mr. G. THOMPSON said that he had received the dis tinct promise of the Chairman that his amendment should be put after the others were disposed of.—(Hear, hear.) He should, however, content himself by putting in a notice of a motion for the renewal of the discussion upon the next Court day.—(Cheers.) RELIGIOUS OBSERVANCES IN INDIA. In answer to questions from Mr. PCIYNDER, The CHAIRMAN stated that measures had been taken to carry into effect the resolutions of the Court for dis continuing the practice of employing British soldiers at Hindoo religious festivals. The Court then adjourned at a Quarter to Seven o'Clock. BRAINTREE CHURCH-RATES. PROCEEDINGS ON MONITION. On Thursday a vestry meeting of the parishioners of Braintree was held, pursuant to a notice, in accordance with a monition from the Ecclesiastical Court of the Bishop of London, commanding them to make a rate for the repairs of the church, and defraying the necessary expenses of the decent celebration of divine service. The meeting was numerously attended. The Itev. — B, &math the Vicar, took the chair. VtllitYs the Churchwarden, after reading the monition ) proposed that a rate of 2s. in the pound be made, in obedience to the Monition. " • Mr. COURTATILD moved, as an amendment—" That an compulsory payments for the support of the religibus services of any sect or people, appear to the majority of this vestry to be .tin Sanctioned by any portion of the New Testa/nein Scriptures, and altogether opposed to, and subversive of, the pure and spiritual character of the .re ligion of Christ. But that, for any one religious sect •to compel others, which disapprove their forms of wor ship, or system of Church government, or which dissent from their religious principles and creed, to nevertheless submit to, support, and extend them; appears to this Vestry, to be a yet more obvious invasion of religious freedom, and violation of the rights of conscience ; also, it appears to be a gross injustice to Dissenters as citizens, to compel them to pay for the religious services of others, in which they have no part, while they build their own chapels, support their own ministers, and de fray the charges of their own worship. That compul sory Church-rates, awl more especially such rates upon Dissenters, thus appearing to be as a tax unjust, and as an ecclesiastical imposition adverse to religious liberty, and contrary to the spirit of Christianity, this Vestry feels bound, by the highest obligati ons o f soc i a l j ust i ce and of religious principle,' to refuse to make a rate, and does refuse accoi &ugly." The amendment . Has carried by a large majority. Mr. VELLY—I propose, and I am now addressing myself to, those who are willing to obey the Monition, that we make,a rate, of 2s. in the pound. Mr. CouirrAuLD said the Churchwardens had taken a course which appeared wholly irregular ; this was a meeting ; of rate-payers, and ,he apprehended nothing ,could be, done but by the act of the majority., He Would, therefore, submit to them as a substantive motion, that the amendment having been carriedin opposition to the proposed rate, no rate had been made by that Vestry meeting. Mr. VELEY—We shall never make it matter of thechargefi that it has been made by this meeting—it is measure pointed out by the judgment. Mr. CoURTAULD said, then he, would content himself with protesting against the irregular manner in which the Churchwardens had attempted to make a rate after it had been denied by the majority ; and he protested also against the rate attempted to be made. The rate of 2s. in the pound was then made by the Churchwardens, and signed by them and the Vicar, and several tif the parishioners. Mr: Oiltiftatild's protest was entered on the minute took ; and thanks having been voted to the Chairman the meeting separated. The proceedings were • conducted in a very orderly and peaceful nllifier, • . 81Noti,r,Att StittOt ( 3 / 4 o 1 ‘ 48.51 " . n iiieitiegt Wit held be at the Witlain Carter, , • t fi e f6r hompsoßoyalFonrt,,•aGged 4gB, rane-road, as beenernion in thedsey,on ryct t t h e eti Thompson, iiv of D]Tes~rs. Donkin for upwards of 20 gears: The deceased was not ob served to leaVe the fietor . ylit.thb usual holtr on Friday, but on Stqltikl4 at, trelohk, Wai totin d hailer to sOcllicied part a it, when the wactiman Went rounu at rtir'g o'clock. He., was quite dead. On the beadle searching ht pocket, a most extraordinary packet was found. It wag addressed. in pencil s 46 To, the Viole anti ii , ritt4l over in alt I?; copy or It'— " Rrilly 1 111:1;e "served Mesrs. H. Donkin and Co. failltully since Aurrost 18 9 0 I bear no ill will to a r- roan - • God preserve my wife and unprotected children, and God ha •e mercy on my soul. James Thompson. The Rev. Mr. Gib son, of Bermondsey Old Church, tefused to baptise my son Alfred, butlliepe come good man will." At another part of the paper wr,. " Success to Brunell." "To Mr. D. Hawes, . Esq., M.P. You are a liberal man; if you will take the duty off tobacco, you will much oblige me. Jas. Thomp son." In another place was written, '° Ha, ha; Money is power, and pow er is tyranny. The engine is off." The Co roner having referred to the nature of the case, the jury, with out hesitation, returned a verdict of " Temporary lus;nity," FREEHOLDERS' INDEMNIT* FUND. The - amount:: subscribed to this day is five hundred and seventy-five pounds.—Kerry Examiner. The late heavy rains have been very detrimental to the hay harvest in this quarter ; but we are glad to observe that tbe• wheat and barley crops do not yet seetri,to hatift,sestained much injury. •These crops seem tp hav'estotidurictmonly well ap against the high winds ang , •dieneltinerfatAi . • I)ry • and Warm weather is, however, 'much ivantiid... Of the-hops . we hear no general coat: plaint; i anct'therefere,. it may be inferred they are in' a ( 7 hro* l6 • " HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE THIS DAY. rning......39 minutes after 3 I Evening 3 minutes after 4. 4 • • 0,1 , „ nog. „ • 0 4 „ ULY 2i 118il. THE NEW NOVEL: "' HE OLD EARL and his YOUNG WIFE • 1. A l STORY OF THE DALY • •In 3 ht3lL iiogt Pico., IS ,REAb, AND CAN BE HAD AT ALL ,THE LIBRARIES. Richard Bentley,' New Bnrlingtnn-street. • ' nOYAL SURREY THEATRE. UNDER THE ?dANA(3EMENT OF MR. DAVIDGE AND MR. WILLIS JONES. The attraction of " Macbeth " and the Grand Operas, having been confirmed by the greatest overflows ever assembled, even a., this Theatre, and the acting of Mr. Graham as Mac beth, and the singing of Locke's magnificent Music by Miss Romer. Mr. Wilson, Mr. Leffler, and the Grand Cnorus, elect' ified crowed audiences, the same entertainments will be repeated. THIS EVENING, JULY 21, Will be acted Belbni's Grand Opera, LA SONNA fiIBULA. Amina, Miss Romer; Lisa, Mrs. Serle; Rodolpho, Mr. Leffler; Elvino, Mr. Wilson. To conclude with Shakspear's Tragedy of MACBETH. Macbeth, Mr. Graham ; Hecate, Mr. Lefe• ; Singing Witches, Miss Rom , r, Mrs. Serle, Mr. Wilson, Mr. Stoker,.Mr. Roberts, and a powerful Chorus, conducted by Mr. G. Stansbury. ROYAL VICTORIA THEATRE. UNDER THE DIRECTION OF MR. OSBALDISTON. Brilliant and splendid continuation of success in the unparalleled combination and attraction of " Susan Hopley !" " Mac beth !" and " Hamlet !" supported by Mr. Ost,aldiston, Mr. E. F. Saville, Mrs. W. West, and Miss Vincent! THIS EVENING, JULY 21, The splendidly successful Domestie Drama, in Three Acts, of SUSAN HOPLEY ! OR, THE TRIALS AND VICISSI- TUDES OF A SERVANT GIRL ! William Dean, Mr. E. F. Saville; and Susan Hopley by Miss Vincent, the accepted Heroine of Domestic Drama. After. which Shakspere's Tragedy of HAMLET. Hamlet, Mr. E. F. Saville ; Ghost, Mr. Osbaldiston ; Ophrlia, Miss Vincent ; the Queen, Mrs. W. West. To conclude with, THE WHITE CROSS KNIGHT. Mr. Grill, Mr. Howard; Jack Knight, Mr. Gardner; Jem Ward, Mr. Paul ; Martha Grill, Mrs. Howard. Boxes, 2s.—Pit., la. —Gallery, 6d. Half-price to the Boxes only, at Half-past Eight. THEATRE ROYAL ADRLPHI. "Incomprehensible Being ! Who n will thy Wonders cease?" The above is the exclamation of the Thousands who weekly VISIT THE WIZARD'S PALACE OF MODERN EN CHANTMENT, in which he will nightly continue to create New and Astounding Miracles, peculiar to himself, scientific in principle, astonish ng to all, delightful in the denouement The Wizard, by his extraordinary r wer of VISIBLE DELU SION, bath stamped h's name and fame indelibly en the minds of the pubic of the British Metropolis, proved by the astound ing fact, that never did One Man, for so great a length of time, nightly astonish and delight the multitudts before whom he has waved his mystic ward. His popularity does not decrease with length of stay ; his mine of amus:Jnent doth not exhAust by being worked upon, but magically increases still more brilliant. more and more wonderful, which he wilt nightly prove by ocu lar demonstration, true to the words of the immortal Shak spere—" Are mine eyes made the fools a' the other senses." Boxes, 2s. 6d. ; Pit, Is. 6d. ; Gallery, 6d. Second Price at Half.past Nine o'cl! ck. Boxes, is. 6d. ; Pit, Is. Places for the Boxes may be taken from Mr. Swinburn, at the Box-office, between Eleven and Four. Parties are respectfully informed, that as the Dress Circle is nightly crowded, an early application is requisite. N.B. Private Boxes, containing six persons, IL ss. Doors open at Half-past Seven ; the Wizard appears at Eight o'clock precisely. Half-price at Half-past Nine. *** The Great Wizard of the North begs to infor n the Nobility, Gentry, and Amateurs in the Art Magique, that he has got up a few sets of magnificent apparatus, for the per formance of Parlour Magic, in which he will make any gen tleman perfect in two hours. The set, comprising seven tricks, price five guineas; a single trick, one guiner, appa ratus included. RAILWAY SUN THE IS NOW PUBLISHING, PRICE ONLY SIXPENCE. c~~ ,s ~a~a~t, LONDON: WEDNESDAY, JULY 21, 1841. It is laid down as a principle by Tory writers, and acted on by Tory statesmen, that it is proper and wise in the ruling classes, and, in fact, the great duty of a Tory Government, to resist the tendencies of society. This is not merely a theory, it guides the actions of Tory statesmen. For them it is enough to say that such is the tendency of society, to make them think that it is their duty to resist it. If this be a well founded theory, good may result from their ex ertions; but if the theory be erroneous, nothing but mischief of the worst character can be ex pected to ensue from the Government being placed in the hands of men who, on this vital question, act on a false assftmption. It is of great present practical importance, therefore, to ascer tain, if we can, from the nature of society, what are its tendencies. Let us first observe that this notion of Govern ment is directly the reverse of that which in duced our ancestors to follow their leaders when they spread themselves over Britain from Ger many. The tendency of society then was fo r people to swarm off. or migrate, and HENGIST and Hoasa, with the other chiefs, were the agents, not to control or resist this tendency, but to carry it out. At what period the Government changed its character, and became the antago nist of the popular desires and popular wants, it would now be too long to trace; but we believe it will be found to have been gradually assumed as a usurping aristocracy separated themselves from the people, came to dread the democracy, and framed the laws and the Constitution ex clusively for the preservation of their privileges. Next let us notice that this Tory theory of Government is contradicted by experience. The progress of society is towards Civilization. It retrogrades not. The increase in wealth, in knowledge, in skill, in humanity, is not less con spicuous since the Norman Conquest than the increase of the population. Ships, roads, canals, commerce, with all the fine and useful arts, at test the progress of modern society. How can it be supposed, when such is the result, that the tendencies of society are to evil ? We may say, too, that in every age these re sults have been obtained, less by means of Go vernment than in spite of it. Our canals and our commerce, our steam-engines and our railways, are in no sense the direct product of royal or aristocratic will, or even of royal or aristocratic protection. In truth the middle classes, by whom in the main these improvements have been achieved, grew into power and wealth in spite of the governing aristocracy. For many years the Tory principle of opposing the tendencies of so ciety prevailed in the national councils, and in ,opposition to this.principle these results were ac complished. We have seen the Tory Govern ment successively obliged to give way to the tendencies of society towards humanity and tole ration, It was compelled against its will to mitigate the penal code, and abolish the slave trade, and it was compelled to abolish the Test Act, and grant Catholic Emancipation. Thus experience contradicts the Tory theory; but in spite of experience the Tories still main tain that the tendencies of society are to evil, and that it is proper and wise in the Government to resist and oppose them. They act on this er roneous theory, and in proportion as they are be the mischief they will inflict on the community. -vvvL We may, however, establish the' fallacy of their theory, fiy looking at the nature of society. To State a trite fact, in order to begin at the has been created male and female. From their unioti gPfitig§ s filthily, _ln time there arc many families, and they coin_ p ose a tribe or nation. Man is a gregarious ani mal; he lives in company ; his faculties are adapted to that state of being; his skill and power, by acting in concert, are increased much more than in the simple ratio of his numbers; and the union of families, from which these ad vantages flow, is society. Human society, there fore, wholly independent of any positive insti tutions, is a great natural fact, such a fact as the existence of a community of bees ; it exists in conformity to laws of nature, and is governed by them. Since man has kept any xecords of his ;own existence, he hasexisted in society, which is as much a part of the material universe, and is as iivich governed by general laws, as the -- ; - Delpg thus founded iu natural laws, not in &cheme,,,s of kings and h i , : ril:lators, the same laws procrrest chief, per r, h.;ps the only, great phy:,;ical eha::?•e in Society ; the parent , of many eiLtnges indk iduals, the increase ofd gritaatiOu., By and with that in crease, division of labour, one -great source of skill, and of augmented prodne'tive power, which begins in the different employment of the sexes, extended;is knowledge. is enlarged, arts are o ;lied forth, and civilization expanded. Whatever subordinate consequences may ensue, however WV.' rious and oscillating may be the causes of these improvements, sometimes one predominating and then another, such is a rough and brief out line of the course of society from the beginning of time till now. Wars have ensued and checked the progress; pestilence has arisen and desolated the fairest spots of the earth; but the same laws which first ordained them to be peopled have re peopled them, or carried the stream of society in some other direction. Man, and the laws which regulate his existence on earth, are as lasting as the earth ibself. From the beginning till now the main tendency of society has been to increase and to improve; and it is a false and most mis chievous error to assume the reverse, and to form or seize a Government with a view to act on this error. We must assure our readers that we have not attributed to the Tories any principle they do not maintain; and we must repeat, with all sincerity, and all the zeal at our command, that this is a great practical question for the present moment. The Tories are ready to carry out their false theory by the strong hand. They see the democracy growing in intelligence and piwcr ; they see manufactures, or skilled, labour, in the natural progress of things, superseding in a great measure unskilled labour; they see, in consequence, the skilled labourers, and those who employ them, surpassing in wealth the less skilled labourers and their employers, who own the land, and who were once pre-emineut in society. They regard this natural progress, the result of the same natural laws which established society in its commencement, as an evil ; and they take office, claiming it by a sort of divine appointment, resolved to put a stop to all that. The outcry of the Tories is against the increase of skilled labourers, who use machinery. From Lord ASHUURTON, to the writer in the Herald, they want to stop the tendency of society to in crease and congregate in towns. We know not - why that present tendency should be evil any more than those past tenden cies which have gradually conducted society from the savage to the civilised state. We know, however, that it is prodigious presump tion in the Tories to affirm the tendencies of so ciety are evil, and to claim a right to check and control them. A single branch of the oak assuming to prescribe to the whole tree when it shall put forth its leaves, and when it shall ripen its fruit-- a few drops of the ocean assuming to give laws to the tides—some one star of superior splendour assuming to regulate the movements of all the starry host,—none of these at—ma lous ambitions are more anomalous or more ex travagant than the Tory pretension of opposing and stopping the progress of society. We repeat that society is a natural fact, regulated by natu ral laws; and that the Tories might as well un dertake to govern the seasons, because they may be at present unfavourable, according to our limited views, as to resist and control the ten dencies of society. If it be the case in England, as we yesterday pointed out, that the law enables the opulent and the powerful to wreak their vengeance on such of the lower classes as endeavour to oppose their will, it is also the case in Ireland to an extreme degree. There the people, outraged and insulted by a dominant aristocracy and a dominant sect—the law and the Government being avowedly constructed to promote sectarian or Protestant advantages—much more frequently than the people of England break out into acts of violence, and seek the gratification of revenge in spite of the law. In Ireland the landlords, who have made the law for their own advantage, and who have within our own memory rendered the law of ejectment more stringent to serve their purposes—in Ireland the landlords turn the people out of house and home by scares and hundreds. They have a regular name for this process, and call it " CLEARING." When a land , lord expects to improve his revenue or enlarge his farms, or intends to make some other dispo sition of his land, as his caprice or his interest dictates, he ejects scores of human beings from the soil their fathers had made fertile by their toil, and dooms them to emigrate or to perish. .The Protestant landlord in Ireland having this legal power, by which he can coerce and even exterminate a refractory peasantry, may, by the help and the instrumentality of the law, gratify the utmost malignity of his heart. Nobody, we suppose, will contend that he is not as liable to be influenced by all the evil passions of our corn.. mon nature as the peasantry he tramples on, and nobody will say that he will not use the law to gratify them. When he wants to punish DENNIS O'BRIEN, it would be extreme folly for him to go behind a hedge and shoot at DENNIS, or waylay him and break his head with a cudgel. He has a far safer and surer means to obtain his end. He sends DENNIS a notice to quit. Or if DENNIS does not happen to be his own tenant, though it is only his own tenants with whom he is very likely to come into unpleasant conflict, he can probably set a brother landlord in motion fur a good cause, and procure the ex termination or expatriation of DENNIS. By due course of law DENNIS is obliged to leave, or his cabin is unroofed, the walls pulled down, and DENNIS sent forth a wanderer over the world. By means of the law a landlord can doom his opponents to die a lingering death of cold and starvation, which is probably, whenever such malignity exists, more gratifying to him than the sudden and easy death causer' by a pistol shot. Now the landlords no doubt think them selves very cunning fellows in thus making the law the instrument of their safe vengeance, but let them not halloo too soon, but see the forest of evil in which they are yet plunged. DENNIS, or Some of DENNIS' friends, or some persons who fear similar treatment, knowing that they can get no protection from the law which is the instrument of the landlord's will and the landlord's wrath, and having no other means of satisfying their injured feelings, slink behind a hedge and seek revenge by committing murder. This is a most diabolical act, but in our estima tion not more unjustifiable, in the present state of our society, than the act of the landlord, who gratifies his love of vengeance by making the law the instru ment for exterminating his tenants. Far from obtaining his object, the Irish landlord now lives, and has for years lived, in insecurity'; his home is unsafe, and his property depreeiated. This is not a fancy portrait, but actual facts. The law, in all that concerns the relations of landlord and tenants —it may be impartial enough in questions between tenants or landlords exclu • - sively—is made to promote the landlord's pur poses, and is the mere instrument by which his lusts and his arbitrary will are gratified at the -ensc of the tenantry. In turn, the peasantry, exeludeo.' from any benefit by the law, disregard it, encl. make a law for. themselves, which they also execute whenever they have the power. It is for us a matter of regret that. this state of the law is continually overlooked by our Tory Contemporar i e s, who make it a crime in the tenantry that they do not love and reverence this instrument of the landlords' tyranny as much as the landlords themselves. The Tory Journalists do what is still worse. Keeping this state of the law entirely out of view, they go on, day after day, selecting and dressing up, to excite the abhorrence of the English, every act of violence which the DENNIS O'BRIENS of Ireland are guilty of, in despair of obtaining redress from the landlords' law, administered by landlords. They esraggerate every outrage of every descrip tion committed by the Catholic peasantry, and nourish against', do their best, clay ; after day, to MORNINt; them the hate :f the ill-inform of England, who never reJ. , • t on ti;;. quities which drive the Irish n eag,a‘;tly' into fury and rebellion, The slightest disre s p ect,•such not voting as the landlord wishes, is sufficien t to make a tenant an object of vengeance, which t he landlord goes, not behind the hedg e, but behind the law, to execute. The existence of such terrible tyrannY, des e ' crating the name of law, is a great evil: both countries, which brings on them corresponding curse, in the general 1/01 and turbulence of the light - hea rted But the evil does not stop here. Politl ful writers of both parties in Ireland and Eng land, take up different sides of the question, and inflame the animosities of both people . A will°- spread national hatred is the consequence, whi''ll shows itself by the English denying equal pri vileges to the Irish, and by the Irish demanding to'have the Union repealed. Rancorous abuse is poured forth by both patties; ,one-sided aud distorted facts are laid before the 'public; error's on become the staple of opinion; ar4a,violent flict of sects, parties,• and -nations 4a:the-POO' The landlords hug with delight theirVP*s law; and as they hug it, it maims and I'otin; lfi themselves. There are • other indulgence giv 7 sides those in opium and wine, and tliete.?: gence in tyranny is one, which are fate; ;.A$ • who delight in them. ' to goo' , The .Reformers of Marylebone are Libergi, (Jr iight stamp. They not only singly do their duty. .hustings, but they set an example to the country, bYL vivially assembling to review their numbers, re isvl 7, their. opinions, and marshal their forces for . AS triumphs. Their vigilance is neitherelizid v # o , SQ ,, ri g t e nor their patriotism damped by the supinenest 60-ir hitherto Radical constituencies, whose desertion °f°l 7 posts at the eleventh hour is about to inflict Upon his country the curse of a stare the-poor Tory Ad iniui6tra by; e nd h t,e tion. In Marylebone the Reformers corePr 6 d important it is that Political Associations i formed—that the members should meet freqtx ll " l .' arrange the modes of their political actiou--42u:-„,n, by precept and example encourage a wide=spre a d e r ,„ l ; to sion of an organized phalanx, ready at any 1 0)1-° 7 - 10 - 0 seize every fair opportunity of regaining the have lest. Their zeal, ability, and right hearty tle v° a ti° ., to their own and their country's cause was nob l Y 1130,j -fested lit the banquet with Which they on 310 1 € 13 L . , is brated the signal defeat of Toryism and c orruP the borough of Marylebone. It was no goth e Z' t 0 0 mere talkers for the gross purpose of feediagc. i . to assemblage of free and independent citizen s reaTe-tiO achieve a victory than to predict one, and 101 0 , 11 ,: t opie discharge of a great public duty, set a glorious ex. to the electors of the United Kingdom. aP 4 The Gallant Commodore, Sir CHAIALza NAPlnt' Lord DUNBoyNE, in addressing the brave mea lebone, severally glanced at the treatment which 'repo is likely to experience when the Tories com e int°, eei4 oftbe An increase of the standing army in that cou ntrY tainly among the earliest, as well as of th e least na, evils which the ulster island will experience. at t h e n List of her old enemies. tlitt fey this every be prepared. The Tories woUld be; indeed, a "Felec race did they forget that the patriotism of the Iris' , 01 tors kept them out of office for the last ten ,Y" rs „/* how was it that the Irish Reformers were capable u* e p e r ing this might object?' Entirely by organization. ,• ot pci formed themselves into registration, repeal, Of' A v g: Anti-Tory Associations, and by mutually eac ° ', l :llo 6 supporting, and sustaining each other they gotte r3 : fostered a public spirit—a combination of patrotiso7oleo public opinion—which was irresistible. The ll e , f „ Rola Reform . 11 : i 15 of Marylebone have not. disdained to take a l es s ',opl ° their brethren in Ireland, and we trust their d cly i ° will be followed by the whole of the Real" -- ,a - oar England and Scotland. The Tories have ttli ll- fi sai o flank, but if the Reformers will only hasten to o i re 0 ,4 themselves in Working Associations, the battle.o.ja soon be restored, with every confidence of our acht e t, a victory. A dissolution may be nearer than reanY . ,; : el .‘ o l3 o to and if the Reformers place themselves ins coed cannot be able to take the fullest advantage of it, the r esult c A ,o, be doubtful. But unless the Reformers move in , 11/ ,, t r i age nothing can be done. It is only by a,ssociatieg their numbers, and by the regular consolidative i>ltereits strength that they can hope to rout the corrup t - now leagued against them. curs We anticipated in the afternoon edition of it l4 • As° of Monday the news contained in the Pans {on' of Sunday. An express from that capital of wv day's date states that the tranquillity of .40 was undisturbed, but that the Government, 16/ 0 . 0 1.1 ':, fresh outbreak, had ordered 10,000 troops to 411 :, the garrison of that city. In Paris extraordi 3 t l x , l c cle" cautions are taken to prevent an emeute during bration of the fetes of July. There is no other news of any interest in the journals. tba° The Government had given the most p r ecise °'"* th e every attempt at rebellion shall be instantly put tio` En t i; th e departments adjoining the Upper Garonne. It foliose Pads troubles at Toulouse may have an influence in , tb „ ac ies o rs where there are secret societies. The absent (0 0 1;00 "P.. ° enjoined to repair immediately to their posts; ° were absent on leave have already quitted Par' the auttl°; have been sent in all directions with despatches f°: b i c h ro A ig b i ; rities of the different towns, the population of f eetoesio perhaps be disposed to rise. In 16,31, when Franeed that .f be threatened with inevitable war, it was aseertaloe po ly 0 14 ,i number of men who had voluntarily enlisted Was ns t hou thousand. At this moment there are nearly te n a soldiers volunteers in our army. It is composed only of Y° ul , 3 t,' fetoP s . , and substitutes, the latter are the most numer ous.---`, B depa A It was reported at Toulouse en the 13th that t" &fair tore of Rear-Admiral Sasusse for the Levant vag i t Tee indefinitely, and that Captain Leray, who is n ow n a t i o rtleTs would be promoted to the rank of Rear-Admiral, s he bth aer to proceed to the Levant. Letters from Malta 13f 0 P ,.. a 0 July announce the departure of five ships of this Kus,"pf Admiral Ommarey, and consider it probable that to he co ast, would go first to the Archipelago, and then Syria. It was not known whether it would go to "`" Commerce. aa Mn. r . MACAULAY.—Some persons who have ehon.„-°, much attention, and no little pl Oeasure , the Gitber °' article on the Port Royalists, in the recent r 310" the Edinburgh Review, which is ascribed W V ie ' o ca caulay-, have given it as their opinion tha t the than tt) author is infinitely better adapted to a librarY „ the House of Commons. Mr. Macaulay', t V 'in th c should give up politics and betake himself Fathers. 'Whether the electors of Edinburgh 011: future occasion, sanction this opinion, by i?" other person to represent them, is beyond o ur Y o " f )11; the public at large have some right to complalor fi nisterial duties inefficiently performed, wh en ; t as ti n t the "first" Cabinet Minister devoting his prec" ° Duties ys tics and his great talent, not to the Saga' : Corn-laws, but to these—Rcuchlin and th e . o . o ni ed wonders of Port Royal. The importance ass i r s t thi s the Right Hon. Gentleman to such a subie et a red in n time, and the halo with which he has end e3l.- is, encircle a sad and demoralizing superstition, 4 die Minister of the Crown, and a re people, struggling for important rights, rath° t l at ient than otherwise. Competent judges, who hal e n t list,l to Mr. Macaulay's late orations, are of oPin' °- of Ph"' would do much better to master the principles prosentatio3.o.-stiltil tical science than controversial divinity. < 9. 0 ' THE WEATHER.—NooN, g os s "' ROYAL GALLERY OF SCIENCE, ♦ ADRLAIDP-- Barometer . 29 66 In. Thermometer... 57 f Wind S.W.—Freezing Point 32 D e g . .- ... TO THE EDITOR OF THE SC " th e al l? SlR,—May I beg leave to call your attention tl i in Oster genius state of the road near the " Load of Hay° in t oy R oe, stead-road. A pond of some depth, and witholt rive, remains in such a position that accidents are &V lo re tea and only the other evening a gentleman and I tit Sof a % and nearly drowned. As an old subscriber to ' l '7 e t hrone warm supporter of it, I respectfully trust that a net s ,. your invaluable columns ma tend to remove the ev i l , • y , I am, Sir, our obedient servalLir.OS; , GM "' a ...-------, ..,..,,, 2 -vr a• MONEY and COMMERCIAL .c.L'o._,,, CITY, TUESDAY r"1";:id belie- There was less activity in the Funds to-day, * fer gal s the close of business Consols for immediate trag ic , boll' way about h per cent. The Market upon the : i to i for ever, remained ahout the same. Consols were Q. i o s w di Money, and 90 to 89& for Account. Excheque r / 4s 13°_, P 16s. to 13s. premium, being barely so good. Eas t "*" ill 1 ' were steady at 6s. premium. Bank Stock rose 14,, Thre e ; .171 i ; and India Stock to 249 and 249 a. I he T hree P e d and-a-Half per Cents. were 98i to i, and the ~f , ger se„ Cents., 90 to 90k. The failure at Vienna of GuY i ; or t v ' t l : Co., which is said to have entailed loss upo Fa m ish oxte% wealthy firms in the City, has occasioned, to a _..phe the flatness in the public securities, although n o alc .r, 0 th e a of serious consequences here is entertained in th e_ea,l i t, old firms upon which the loss falls are well able to 1 ? t , ea" c Wien ° a rt great deal more. Reports injurious to the credit 0 ,day, nent publishing firm in the City were in cir n Jibe pa . and which we fear are but too well founded. ondreer_ thus placed in di ffi culties is distinguished, a ' n d f f n stand, by his liberality and enterprise, though t t° i-, be cr his extensive trade and peculiar facilities, was .to 'sod person of considerable property. As much as tatracte __ der sto r , however, he was reported in di ffi culties, but it • a _ul tn , pre gfl l th° he bad received assistance to carry bens affairs; an d the sent stoppage has in all probability ough , ! Wit nnlm.heeroFuosrmeiignnorsfeaeiluurri.t3ers,,,e,eermatlyaciairict:i; s r l2 e nn tr y ai. ii 3 O ,-... ac i d a s p w s e n t e; the disposition was rather to sell. Active SPa ' j tg 30 t° 1 the Three per Cents. IBi ; Mexican 2.5 i to , To ~s f . , marked 20 to i; Portuguese New Five pe i r . and Brazilian 67i. The French Fi being a slight improvenient ; Dutch Two-an ~,1011. per Cents. I°l t 0 )Old. v 111 Cents. brought 51A to a' and the Five occurred Yelte'-s" de- The per to o t u l au l er The material improvement whi ch occurred recently been sot the many of the lines of Ra.ilway that realise ha. bu nentb , profitst, and consequeines Market was too weak to bear much nted any extensive b ust ] 2 1 to the quotations gave 1 Shares were at pressed, tempted some parties to nf his to-day, the Fifths 5i Co r k - aid North 19-, the New at 10 to 9, and Ceolombian V; t an Cro/ d" South Western were at 16b being done. GreatwWayesatenrdnPß!eaiewivaray Midland 23 premium. and North Midland 3;,..„ottet. I, Manchester and Leeds ls, We are sorry to notice that the l'" 1 h d lower. 111 .jsva 1 asae Mite' Briglimi a'res were ‘ ~: ciiscpt, tWe 0 , aga British i n h heavy v o North t t o h , A d ma ,andye r i esn generally a r n e k r, s S Shares ar e s_ t o n b r teoai:i n : e . cl E 4 ox : e b‘t c' s, n '' :,;. e : v 6'l , on Paris wire quoted at 25 . .. and Y"