The Sun. — London, England, 1841-08-24 00:00:00

EVENING SUN. SPIRIT of the PIT '.IC JOURNALS rile ce <<JS D.AY. sCHRONICLE.—The business of Parliament com mences to-day , ; but whatever interest ie. directed towards its proceedings rather bears " the character of mere curiosity than that of a sense of the importance of its probable decisions, or a disposition to abide by them practically or permanently. People are on the look-Out to. see - how Sir Robert Peel will wriggle out of the diffi culties of his position, or to mark the conduct of diffe . • rent sections of the heterogeneous majority in the use of its newly-acquired preponderance. For such curiosity there is indeed abundant stimulus. The elections have conferred ascendancy upon a single class of Members —those for the English counties ; the great question at issue being one in whiCh their interests are presumed to be in collision with those of the rest of the community. The majority . of • Scotch Members, of . Irish Members, and of the representatives of English boroughs, are, together with her Maje Sty's Government, opposed to the continuance of the - Corn monopoly. The English County Members, leagued with the several minorities of • those sections of the representation, overpower them all. They are the ruling power ; and the public waits to see how they will use their preponderance. It behoves then to consider well their position. The mastery they have acquired should, of itself, make them pause before they affirm the perpetuity of monopoly, and " shut the gates of mercy on mankind." They are judges in their own cause. There is no tribunal to which they and their opponents make their pleas. Their advocacy is to them selves. Their will may supersede reason. The question whether law shall keep up rents at the cost of the labourer's diminished loaf, is in their hands ; and they are the rent-receiving class. Nothing hinders their adjudicating in their own favour. They can un questionably, with all constitutional forms, award them selves the profits which must be wrung from the toil and the privations of millions. On this matter they are law and sovereignty. The nation waits and watches ; the world looks on ; that is all. Parliamentary resistance is at their feet ; the spoil is before them ; what will it do, this landlords' House of Commons ? Corn-laws are the landlords' interest ; but the full means of legally se curing it may, perhaps, induce some reflection upon the sort of interest thus constituted. Human interests are 'of various sorts, from the simple transfer of coin from one pouch into another, up to that interest which exists in the kindly and approving hearts of our fellow creatures, only to be attained by the semblance of moral justice, or that yet higher approval_ which is only to be se cured by its reality. The landlords' interest in the corn anonopoly is not that humane interest which consults the sights of all who toil, by promoting such interchange of the products of-their labour as must needs benefit the in elastrious every where. It is not the patriotic interest which binds itself up with the prosperity of an entire eretion, and opposes no class objects to the well being' of the whole. Nor- is it an equal class interest as to agriculture. It keeps the farmer in a state of degrading dependence and demoralizing unce rtainty ; the labourer - in one of se mi- s t a rv a tion. Even the- permanent value of land is injured by the monopoly. The measure of :that value is only to be found in the prosperity of maim femme. Acres of houses are worth more than acres of ''wheat, and they enhance the worth of all acres near 'them. And what acres are not, or will not soon, by - more rapid means of communication, be brought near -them ? The landlord's interest in the monopoly is only.' the loWesti dirtiest, most evanescent interest of his class; taking that class as distinguished, not only from the com mercial classes, but from the rest of the agricultural. • TIMES.—A meeting of the.principal leaders of the Conservative party was held on Sunday, at which the entirse to be pursued on the opening of this first Session of the new Parliament, and the communication on the pert of - the Crown, was discussed and settled. The re sult of this conference is, we understand, that an amend ment to the Address will be moved in both Houses—in the Lords by the Earl of Ripon, and in the Commons by Mr. Wortley, seconded by Lord Bruce. " Now, mark how a plain tale will (in both cases) put the Addresses down." Want of confidence—want of confidence is a sufficient answer. How long a Government can go on —whatever projects they may conceive, or whatever proposals they may have to make—without the con fidence of either Peers ar Commons, it is not difficult to conjecture. Each House will express its opinion ; and her Majesty, with the true constitutional principles 'lehich have ever belonged to the Sovereigns of her fit fully, will turn to her people and listen to their voice, expressed from the only legitimate organs, her two -"louses of Parliament. According to the plan laid down : in what may be called Lord John Russell's programme, Ministers will go out ; and this first event of a con stitutional change in this great country will probably itake place before the end of the week. Sir Robert Peel has had time to arrange his plans, and to fix upon his persons. The great Duke—whatever may the his own situation, is comparatively of little im port—will diffuse the lustre of his name over the whole body. Lord Aberdeen, it is understood, will resume the Station for which he is alike qualified by natural talents 'and preceding experience—namely, that of Foreign Se .eretary. Lord'" Stanley goes to the Colonial-office in the :Place of Lord J. Russell. Lord Lyndhurst will of *cours e take the Great seal. The other offices, without difficulty, find possessors fitted for the discharge of their functions, into the detail of which, if we should eritcr, we might, perhaps commit some trivial errors. It is not expected that Ministers can or will at tempt to make any resistance. They have, in deed, themselves pointed out the course they mean to adopt—they will go out. Lord John Russell has stated, that their duties will then be, to watch the proceedings of thei r successors, and prevent them from doing mis chief, or committing extravagance. If he anti his col t" deuce had not been so watched and guarded themselkes 10 (1 prevented from committing mischief, perplexing and e 4 Aliappy as the state of the country is, it would have been much worse. 'We do not object to an opposition, based upon good old constitutional principles, watching the proceedings of the men in power. Perhaps we owe some of the worst laws on our statute-books to the ac 'cordance of those parties. HERALD.—Few questions are more frequently put .itte't now by party quidnutecs, than, " What will Lord reeigham do during the Session about to open ?" " Heaven knows," is the almost universal reply ; " but there will be some fun now that he will be again in the louse of Lords." This answer discloses a truth, which Is worthy effthe serions consideration of Lord Brougham. Tiowever match his Lordship's studied eloquence may be admired ; however much a " mute -Senate" may atten tively and even sympathetically listen to his fierce invectives, his coarse and excruciating irony, and bie elaborate and ingenious special pleading ; how ever much new friends may flatter, and - old friends denounce his Lordship, yet is Lord Broughamn devoid of moral influence in the country. In .- zutellectual powers, in information, and in high 'lteigns Lord Brougham is as far superior to any of his former contemporary labourers in Whiggery, as the noon-day sun is in brightness to a farthitig rushlight. Lord Prougham has undoubtedly, in his past career, done Much harm ; during the greater portion of his life he has given up to " party what was meant for mankind ;" but he is a man of genius, and to such men redemption for "'as past can always be achieved; For upwards of a 'Darter of a century Lord Brougham "Stood up, the strongest and the fiercest spirit That fought" 1 U the ranks of Whiggery ; he alone preserved the ,WhY k es, discomfited and in dismay, together as a political body ; lie ultimatele , secured fbr his party place and power, er hi m self rank and pension;' but, even when their hold of ` 3 fsCe seemed strongest—when to all appeuxince the desti nies of the country were in their hands for the next twenty Yeer L erd Brougham renounced his party, withdrew him 'ielf from ,'he friendship of his early associates, disclaimed Participation in their views, ridiculed their ability, 4 , 1 d up t o st :0111 their motives, and opposed with all his might their ."treasures. In thus acting we willingly ! . eeord to Lord Brougham political honesty and personal Disappojnted his Lordship may have been at the treatment he met with from his former colleagues b e '',t l d ungrateful associates -; but he was more disgusted ,ue" their. general conduct, than' by their meanness towards hunself. He did not rush into the arms of the opposi *cm ; rejoicing in his release from his former party, he t lttietly surveyed for a time those wham lie had so long Iljed so bitterly opposed ; lie became slo:elY aware that 4 s had, while in the bonds of faction and lender the in iitnce of those who admit of no merit beys7.,nd their t'wit narrow circle, underrated the pure and lot pur- Poses, the patriotic ambition, the stern integrity, and the matchless good sense of the foremost man of his a ge —tile Duke of Wellington. At the Cinque Ports' fes tival Lord Brougham nobly and eloquently recanted his jr°`'t error s, and his subsequent" conduct has demon .tl'ated that he now understands and appreciates the ex c"-Ilenee and greatness o f the most modest and most able „e - - British statesmen. For this political regeneration we belie ye Lord Brougham to be much indebted to the ;c attily - of a Peer who t hotou g hl y knows, and now ; ca ttily despises, Lord Melbourne and his colleagues— 'Ye Mean the venerable Marquis Wellesley. Both these ' ll :thle persons—Lord Wellesley-, from his extreme age, l 'eoessarely, so far as the public is concerned, in silence have for - some years beheld in their former political Associates,— " An impious crew Of men c onsviring to uphold their state, By worse thair hostile deeds, violating the ends , For which our ,lountry is a name so dear ; ,00th now rejoice at .the - approaching downfall of the `Vhig-Radical Administcation. POST.—The journals of the beaten Ministerial party a nnounce, with their accustomed accuracy, that there are S uch divisions in the Conservative r a nks as must prove to the Conservative leader the .'mpossibi,'ity that he should tarry on the Government. This inforina,"ion, upon which l!litt e Whig-Radicals appear to pride the.-eselves not a le, is no doubt derived from the very t ,'‘me source "hich enabled that careful and veracious joornal the Globe to assure its numerous readers, on the 2.5 th June, tl at the general election, then. just about co commence, Y:otild give a n excellent working majority t o L ol l douse I ln ',Russell ; that the Conservati ve majority in the () Ilse of Lords would then "eat their leek" in calm Ir cistocratic dudgeon, while Sir Robert Feel and -6 ° 1 :1 Stanley would quietly take their seats a.; Opposi tion leaders in the House of Commons, well pleased to relieved from the importunities of thow Nvho had Z ' eied th em strong enoug h in the country to take ce• The minuteness o f this information made: it, no 4 i tv onbt, very interesting at the time ; and it was, indeed, e rYthinm that could be wished, except for .his trifling r ,cumstaiice, that it happened to be altogether a mis -44e. The same admirable organ of Whijac4ical truth ,_ - ,_"nounced at the same time, that the citizens of London Iv e ould within a very few days record their o pinion of the _ l3 nefits which Whig-Radical policy held out to the com - Zl!ercial w or ld, by re j ec ti ng eve ry one of the Conserva v,e candidates who so absurdly aspired to rep resent the "Y in Parliament, and by t rium pl utn tly• return- Lord Joh n Rus se ll - at the head of the This, too, was extremely interesting ; b: it, un lIY, lake the general information as, to the. e lee -I,ll.liresults it turned out to be quite a, mistake. The g - Radicals did not get a working t4.ajority nor any majority at all, but were very signally defeated, and the ivas j:1 the rither way. .The Conservative ein,f dates were act all rejected in London,•Lut Oil the Con trary they gained .two seats formerly held by Whig- Radicals, and were within ten votes of gaining a third, Lord John Russell was not returned at the head of the poll, but at the tail, and the first place was gained by a Conservative. Encouraged by this success in prophecy, and priding itself (for the reasons above-stated) in the accuracy of its information, the Whig-Radical press now acquaints the pablie with the divisions which exist in the Conservative ranks, and the total impossibility (owing. to these divisions) that. Sir Robert Peel should be able to carry on the Government. We have no doubt that the prophecies of the Whig Journals as to the impossibilities of Sir R. Peel's Government will be confirmed by the event, in quite as marked a manner as their election prophecies have been. ADVERTISER.—" To facilitate the operations of trade, andto provide for the necessities of the public ser vice in the manner least burdensome to the community," says the Times, " arc objects which recommend them selves so plainly to the ordinary sense of mankind, that no Minister, however stupid, could avoid appreciating them, or hoWever dishonest, could have any motive for diSre garding them.'' ThiS proposition seems to be so self evident, that no one could attempt to dispute it; and yet the whole and every part of our fiscal system is. in utter Contradiction to it. To facilitate the operations of trade, taxes have been levied upon every commodity re quired : for manufacturing purposes ; to 'provide for the necessities of the public service in a manner least burdensome to the community, a system of taxation has been adopted which falls with a .crashing weight upon , the . great mass of the people, and requires a most. complicated and costly machinery to, carry it out ! The proposed revision of the duties upon corn, sugar, and timber,-has once more turned public attention to this subject ; hut much as the mischievous incidence of these and other duties may have been talked about, and loudly as, the aristocratic spirit of the whole of our fiscal system may have been condemned, there is scarcely one person in a thousand who has a just conceptidn of their real character and tendency. There are few, indeed, who have any notion of the real amount of the taxes levied upon the British public. " Of the fifty millions of taxes imposed ,upon the British public," says a Manchester Contemporary, " at least forty millions are paid by the poor ; ' as though the sum of fifty millions—enormous as it is—were - to be deeMed a fair representation of the amount of taxes ;levied in the United Kingdom. The last published finance accounts give the net receipt, within the year ending the .sth of January, 1841, at 51,693,5101. 7s. 94d. But it must not be imagined that these. figures represent the gro:is amount" of British taxation. They represent seaway one-half of it, as the following summary will show : Net income,,as per finance account £51,693,510 Poor rates, county rates, highway rates, church rates Revenues of the Churches of England, Ire land, and Scotland 11,500,000 7,542,703 Total amount of taxes £70,736,213 But to these must be added the artificial price of com modities, occasioned by the Corn-laws, and other du ties levied, not to raise a public revenue, but to favour certain classes of society. The following.may be taken, upon the authority of the best judges, as a fair repre sentation of the cost of the monopolies of the United Kingdom, as paid for out of the pockets of the people : Wheat and other corn Other articles of food 5,000,000 Colonial products Bank of England Total cost of monopolies - £42,000,000 Making the grand total of direct and indirect taxes, 112,736,2131. This is as near an approximation to the truth as the data within reach will enable us to come at. That it is not an exaggerated view of the subject, in any single item, we are prepared to demonstrate ; and not less so, that enormous as is the sum thus annually taken out of the pockets of the public, for the service of the State, and the aggrandisenient of particular interests, there is a sum, almost equal to it in amount, lost to the public by the process through which our present taxes are levied. The evils of the whole system are, in fact, almost incredible. Had it been devised for the express purpose of working injury to the public, it could not have been more skilfully framed to answer that pur pose. It is complicated, costly, and detrimental to the best interests of commerce ; it presses with a crushing weight upon the poor, without exempting the rich ; and i t exposes the Government to obloquy and reproach, without adequately providing for the exigencies of the country. We purpose, as occasion offers, to exhibit and illustrate these propositions.'Whoever may be intrusted with the administration of public affairs will find this to be a topic with which he must very speedily grapple, and it will be as well to familiarise the public with some of its details, that they may be the better prepared to pass judgment upon any reform proposed for its amendment. MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS. FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAV. TIMES.—The returns lately published by order of the House of Commons relative to the public debt of this country, state that the unredeemed capital of the public funded debt on the sth ofJanuary, 1828, was 777,476,89 a. ; in 1831, 757,486,9961.; and in 1841, 766,371,721.; that the amount of Exchequer Bills outstanding in the same years was respectively 27,546,8501., 27,271,6501, and 22,271,050/., the second amount including the issue under the Act of 11 George IV., cap. 26, to pay off the proprietors of 4 per Cent. Annuities, amounting on the sth of January, 1831, to 1,662,0001.; that the amount of terminable Annuities, whether for lives or 'years, was' for these years respectively 2,610,7541., 3,297,3751., and 4,114,0211. ; that the sums required to defray the charge of the interest and management of the permanent public debt during these periods were 25,779,115/., 24,377,3791., and 24,442,3031. ; and that the sums paid or required to defray the interest on Exchequer Bills for these years were 873,2461. ; 675,000/., and 818,046/. The amount of all payments made out of the Consolidated Fund of Great Britain and Ireland, other than on account of in terest and management of the national debt and the Civil List was, for the year ending the sth of January, 1828, 1,853,1721.; for the year ending the same month in. 1831, 1,625,941/. ; and for the year ending 1841, 2,552,791/. POST.—The circumstance incidentally mentioned by the supporters of Ministers in their free trade crotchets, as,a cause of-the cheapness of foreign bills of exchange just now is also a favourable feature. The exchanges have been kept up, they say, in consequence of the nego tiation of quantities of American paper on France, con sisting of bills drawn for flour sent to that country. A want of activity in our manufacturing towns is complained of. Many of the American bills drawn against flour ship • ments to Havre may be remitted to London to provide for state and other dividends falling due ; some may be to discharge old debts standing unliquidated on the books of our merchants • but the principal portion, it is likely, accompany orders for goods for the ensuing fall, as remittances from hence to Dantzic and Ham burgh accompany orders for grain._ More work ,may, therefore, be expected from the operatives of Manchester, Glasgow, and other places. - When the reins of power - shall be resigned into the hands of a party worthy to be called a Government, and the effects of the errors of the present incompetent dab blers in statesmanship can be in some measure counter acted by the wiser course of administration that may be looked for, the country will, in our humble opinion, have nothing whatever to fear for the future, but every thing to hope, and this, it is gratifying to know, must now be soon. SUN.—There was a dull market for public Securities to-da t y. . The continuati o n on C o nsols w a s rather high e r, viz. Ter cent., and in one or t wo instances quotations for ctober were made as high as 891 •tO 90. For immediate transfer Consols were 898 tO 'l, and for account or the settling day on Thursday, the same. Ex chequer Bills improved a little, having touched 13s. anti 16s. premium, and India Bonds were at 3s. to 6s. prem. Bank Stock was worth 169, and the New Three-and-a- Half per Cents. brought 98k to 981. - The Reduced Three per Cents. were 89 to 1. There was rather more business doing in Spanish Stock, but in the other Securities only a bargain here and there. The Active Spanish Bonds were steady at 19-1 to 20 for money, and got up to 201 . and 20j- for ac count. Portuguese New Five per Cents. were dull at 30, and the Three per Cents, at 18. Colombian Bonds were at 201 to 201 •, and Mexican at 20 to 201. The Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents. were at 511 to 51k, and the Five per Cents. at 101 i. With the exception of a decline in Great Western there was no particular alteration in the Share Market, WOOL W I CH-MONDAY. ROYAL MARINES. The following appointments and promotions have taken place in the Royal Marines, dated Aug. 17, 1811 : First Lieutenant Ed war d Hooker, of the Portsmouth division, to be Quarter-master at Plymouth, vice Wat son, promoted to Captain. Second Lieutenant G. C. Symonds, of the Portsmouth division, to be First Lieutenant, and re-appointed to Portsmouth division, vice Hocker. " CIRCULAR. " Royal Marine. office, Aug. 18, 1841. " Commissions dated yesterday will be laid before her Majesty, appointing the following gentlemen to be Se cond Lieutenants in the Royal Marines, and they arc to be attached to the divisions opposite their names : " Mr. Charles Louden Barnard ... Portsmouth Richard Franklin Tucker Chatham Henry Watson Hall Henry G. Johnstone Davis Frederick William Hall Chatham Rodney Vansittart Allen Nerison W. de Conroy COURT OF BANKRUPTdY.—The following notice was yesterday posted in the Court on Saturday, and it may be advisable that creditors who require their di vidends should make an early application to the Ac. ecuntant-General if their cases are " urgent," or elsa they must remain without their little modicums for the next two months : " Lord Chancellor. " Friday, Aug. 20841. , 1 " In Bankruptcy. . I do order :hat the books of the Accountant in Bank ruptcy be closed from the 21st day of August to the 4th day of October next, and that during that time no draft for any effects shall be signed -and delivered out, nor any purchase, sale, or transfer, of any stocks, securities, or effects, be made by the said Accountant in Bankruptcy, for or oh account of any bankrupt's estate; provided that the said Accountant be at liberty to sign orders or checks for dividends in such cases as may appear urgent." EXCURSION TO SHEERNESS.--The Lords of the Admiralty, at the request of Mr. Northhouse, have given permission to the Star Steamer to lay alongside of the Camperdown, and inspect the Trafalgar and the other ships at the Nore, on Thursday next, on condition of a provision being made out of the proceeds for the benefit of the poor Infant born on board the Star on the 19th nit ' _ ... `a - _ r TIRE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY, AUGUST 24, 1841. PORTUGAL. :re, 4 - 16:1;1ing fcal . 77r of th:t . of Leptities appears to indicate an early proro gation of the Cortes, Ministers feeling disposed to retain office, and .. by avoiding the discussion of the. Budget, to obtain a vote of confidence. A project of law for the sale of national property in India and other Portuguese ultra-marine possessions is now under debate; the pro duct of which is to .be applied for the support of the clergy and Bishops about toile appointed to those States. A memorial, signed by 780 of the commercial body of this city was presented.on the 9th inst. to the Chamber by Deputy Jose Alexandro de Campos. (ex Minister of State), praying that the differential . duties may hot be abolished, .which was sent to a Select Finance Committee ' for its opinion. The law of the sth instant, which determines that all vessels, national or foreign, bringing books, machinery, models, and mathematical, physical, or agricultural in struments, not exceeding in value a thirtieth part of the total value of the vessel, be considered as entering this pert in ballast, agreeably to.,the decree of the 14th of November, 1836, which law is also applicable to Atom boats that may arrive in ballast or trade to any ports of of the kingdom, has received the Royal assent, and was published in the Diario do Goi;erno on Saturday last. In addition to the diplomatic -nominations mentioned in my last, it is said that Baron Eenduffe Will otd ; Counsellor Migueis (after the - return of Viscount da Carreira from Rome to Paris) to Rome, and to'St. Petersburgh the actual Portuguese Consul-General there M. Ferreira Borges, who is at . present at' Oporto 'on leave of absence. It is reported that the Government has issued orders -to the Civil Governor to place under strict surveillanee the Setembrist clubs in the metropolis. Letters from the Algarve and • Alemtejo state, that public tranquillity daily grows w o rs e ; th e gueriliam'in- . crease gigantically their numbers, by carrying off adults from adjacent villages, as well as those youths WhO may be in their transit from Spain. Business is consequently paralyzed. Official announcements from the Command ant- of the Bth military district., mention that durinir the past month of July one • guerilla was killed in an obsti nate conflict, five, made prisoners, seven presented them selves for the Royal clemency, and thirteen horses and nineteen muskets were taken. The wheat, olive, and grape crops continue to suffer severely from the unseasonable weather and strong and blighting winds, more particularly about Torres Novas and Chamusca. The first article has already risen to the high price of 580 to 600 reis per -,4lquire, and the second to 3,450 reis per almuda. Yesterday being the name-day of her Majesty the Queen, a levee was holden at Cintra, and Royal salutes., fired from the forts and Portuguese and foreign ships of war in the Tagus. The cargo, tackle, and apparel of the British schooner Enphemia, laden with coals, from Newcastle to Lisbon, whit:ll:went 'ashore on the sands of the Peniche early on the morning of the Ist inst., have been warehoused there. It . is probable the vessel will be got of. Exchange upon London at 30 days' sight, 54d. per milrei. THE NEW PARLIAMENT. The following brief analysis exhibits the strange va riety of character contained in the newly-eluted Parlia ment of the United Kingdom. It is as great a curiosity in its kind as Noah's Ark, or the Tower of Babel. We find in it— MEN OF DIFFERENT COLOURS, viz. :-1 Green,l Grey, 1 Scarlett, 2 Browne, 1 White, and 1 Sombre. BIRDS AND BEASTS, as will be presently seen, and, TAYLORS and BODIUNS Sze. &c. The disposition of the electors seems to have been as strangely various . : for exampl e , th ose o f B arnstap l e , Sligo, New Ross, and North Salop, were most sangui nary. all of them crying out successfully for Gore, while those of Shoreham were for Goring. On the other hand, the voice of the Tories for Middlesex and Breck nockshire, and of the Liberals of London, Southwark, Halifax, and Kendal, is peaceably echoed through the Woods. The wishes of the Dorsetshire people repose quietly on Banhes; those of the Fermanagh Burghers float upon a Brook; those of the Wick Burgh ers' are reflected in a Loch ; and the inhabitants of Eve sham and North Salop look pleasantly towards the Hills. The Elgin Burghers are delighted to have got in their Ifay this season, as they had lost it for several years. The electors of Frome are very appropriately under the guidance of a Sheppard. The good citizens of Waterford trust some t o a R ea d e, whilst others look confidently to Christmas for the accOmplishrneut of their wishes. The people of West Norfolk, in the true spirit of Con servatism, have put their interests in a Bagge—those of Stamford trust them to their Clerk—those of Bridge water to their Forman—those of Cirencester to their Master. The votes of Newark and North Leicester were caught by winning Manners. The electors of Radnor have their Price. Hertfordshire employs a Ryder , Bury a Walker, and West Surrey a Trotter. Th e Member for Cashel re mains Stock still. North and West Worcester return reall y Knights of the shire. Winchester looks vigilantly to the East, Dublin to the, West, and South Durham watches the Vane. • - Cambridge refers its matters to LAW. Corrickfergus confides in its KIRK. The Tories of South Northumberland were summoned by a Bell, and have agreed to concentrate their voice in its clapper. York sends forth its new Member, Mr. Yorke, with the premonitory counsel, " Remember, I am York t 6." North Devon, Bath, and Newcastle, are respectively represented by a Buck, a Roebuck, and a Hinde. A Bear (Bruen) dances in front of Carlow, a Hogg bristles up for .Beverley, and a Fox has stolen into the Tower Hamlets. Tewkesbury, Galway, and Newport have chosen Mar tins to twitter in their behalf: The electors of Dudley have sent up Hawkes to pounce upon their opponents. Peterborough has chosen from its swamps a long-necked Heron, and the amphibious folks of Dartmouth a Seale. Thq sportsmen of South Leicestershire let loose again their Tory Packe in the purlieus of St. Stephen. Tipperary has shut up h er interest in a Cave, and the temperance men of Kilkenny have not yet discharged their Butler. Foreign influence would seem to have - intrigued itself into some parts of the empire ; else, why should a Fleming sit for Hants—why should Roscommon throw herself under French protection, or Hastings under that of licll9nd? The men of Carnarvonshire have raised their Pennant, Westminster has chose a Leader, and Wexford, though weak in numbers, displays Power. Scarborough has guarded itself with a Trench. Gateshead takes shelter beneath a Hutt, Guildford behind a Wall. Linlithgowshire, Maidstone, and Weymouth, each trusts to a Hope. North Wilt; (of Green-cheese celebrity), and Maldon have been guided in their choice by the dimensions of their Representatives, quality being of minor considera tion, so they have selected one Long, the other Round. Christchurch is proud of having sent the only flower to Parliament—a blushing Rose. The imprudent constituents of Wigan, Bradford, and Worcester must have a care to the disposition of their Members. The first is Crosse, the. second Hardy; and the third TVille. - None of theSe qualities are suitable to the steady purpose of legislation. The Speaker, whether conservative or Liberal, who may have - to control so heterogenous a mass as that of which the above is a 44nnile, will need every - partiOq of wit that lies unll7l2ifig , (.1- C. P. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. • . SIR—As the words I used at the Blacknall Railway- Meeting seem to be viewed, erroneously, I desire it to.lie expressly understood, that I did not mean to convey an impression or to insinuate that money was expended among Members of Parliament, .for know of no such circumstance; but that I had no doubt a great deal of money was laid out for expenses incurred in soliciting . Members to support or oppose the passing of 16ilway Bills, as was suggested by the question proposed•to me at the rneeting.—l am, Sir, your obedient servant, Southwark, .Aug. 21. • JOHN HUMPHELY TORY MISSTATEMENTS. TO .TILE EDITOR OF THE _.SUN. San—Will you allow me to draw your attention -.to. a gross mis-statement (to use a mild 'term) put forth in" Adhektcwd's Magcizine for July, and also in the Cohnial Magazine; in both of which a table of the comparative rate of daily wages in England and other countries (care : fully excludinc , America) is given, and the wages of an English agricultural labourer stated •t 6 be' Is: 10d., or lls. a week. The wages in this county (Devonshire) are 95., and there has been no variation during the last five years, though corn .has varied in price from 40s. to B.os. (so much for cheap corn making low - wages). In some other counties, it is well known, the wages are only Bs., and even less. Perhaps the constructors of the table in question will. mention the counties in which wages are 13s. and 14s. a week, which they must be, to make the average ils. The statement that the millions in this country, who are dependent on agriculture, use on an average 51. worth of manufactured goods each - arinnally, is too absurd to impose on the most credulous. . - • I am, Sir, yours, &c., A SUBSCRIBER. • - --- ----- A letter of the 30th ult., from Bucharest, in the Moniteur- Parisien, gives the following particulars of the late disturbances at Braila :--:-"Parties of Bulgarians and Servians, united in arms under a leader named Datitsch, declared to the authorities of Wallachia their determina tion to cross the Danube and give succour to their fel low-countrymen, who had been ill-treated by the Turizs. Notwithstanding the opposition of the magistrates, these men raised a standard, issued proclamati o n s' and began to conduct themselves in a m anner which threw the whole of the inhabitants into a state of terror. The troops of the garrison not being sufficiently strong to re press the insurrection, the people of the country Were called in, and they came armed with all kinds of rude weapons. The magistrates, thus finding themselves am ply reinforced, informed the insurgents that they were at liberty to go over the river in a Greek vessel pointed out to them. They accordingly marched down to the shore, and thus lost their vantage-ground. They had necessarily to pass through the quarantine building, and . when they were once within it the gates were closed be hind them. On reaching the vessel they were unable to make use of it, as her sails and tackle were all taken out, and in fact they were caught in a trap. The troops and their irregular auxiliaries fell upon the deluded party, and they were soon entirely subdued, with the loss of about twenty killed and wounded." HAMBURG, AUGUST 20.—The corn is all got in in Southern Germany. The Bavarian farm-rs boast how rich they have become. Only in the Pala_ final the harvest is not remarkable for abuudauce or good quality. THE LAST NEWS FROM CHINA. To THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. ' Stit—ln refvrence to the statement which appeared in a Second Edition of the Jf'raLl of the 17th instant re-: lative to the.chep of the Emperor of China for the de tetiOn of all the teas and rhubarb :41 - the province of Crnton, &c., it appears to me to be beyond all doubt that it was nothing `moranor lesS than tr vile hoax, got up by an' interested potty: We have an account of the Akbar 'baiing , arrived at New York .with . ti, full cargo of teas (17,896 Wimps), and that two other essels with tea had left Whampba for the United States, The Akbar sailed from Whampoa on the. 17th..0f / April; and she. brings no account corroborating one line of this big lie as to the joutward.cargoes that were landed at Canton, and. said CO be seized by the Chinese. You have a document under,the hand of the Connander.of her Majesty's ship Salphur; dated Maca - o-rOads, April ith, wherein. he tells j the British rchants, res id en t a t Macao of our s t rong force stationed at Canton; and "the Precautionary steps which had been taken to prevent any unexpected hos tile movement oh the part of the Chinese, so that had such cargoeS been seized there' must have been some clesperate j fighting, and our troops must have got a good thrashing.. Of this the Herald's informant, or rather the informant of the French Papers.forgot to tell us. Let not, the advocates of the hoax alluded to deceive theinSelVes, but rather let them.expect ever✓ hour the ar rival of one or snore-vessels, at our. own ports, direct from Canton,'that they may not be taken quite so much by surprise as our friends at New York were on the 4th of this month: , radmit the dispute bet Ween us and the Celestials is far from a final settleinent,- but it is evident, that in pro portion as John Chinaman has beep playinr , the fool with Eliot, so is he now. humbugging the Chinese into tbe belief that we now only want trade and ask no more, and he is even quibbling, or pretending to quibble, about a reduction of exp6rt duty on tea, to the. extent of one tad per pical ('bout' lA. per lb.) ! ! after all, is a clever fellow, ancl•l shall be much mistaken if he does not get two'or three Months shipment of teas previous to the return' of Bremner. • • I am, Sir, your obedient servant, Bristol; Aug. 21, 1841. A TEA-DEALER. . THE .TEA TRADE... • - TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. • think the annexed letter •of Captain Elliot's will bear reprinting, and at the prezent moment will be interesting to some of ,your friends connected with the China trade. It may set at rest their doubts as to our prospect of getting a supply of tea, as well as tlau Americans. , am, Sir, your.obedient servant, Bristol, Aug. '23, 1841. A:. TEA DEALER. TO MESSRS. DENT AND CO., AND OTHERS. Macao, March 22, 1841. CiENTLEMEN--1 have the honour to acknowledge your letter of the 15th inst. My own opinions being,coinci dent with those expressed in the fourth paragraph of your communication,' I :hail already publicly expressed My determination never 'to sanction the resumption of the trade till it could be carried on on a perfectly equal footing by our own merchants and in our own ships. It - only remains for me to add, that the least at tempt of the provincial Gaverriment to advance or pro tect the interests of the merchants of other countries more than our own will be considered a violation of the understanding between us, and lead to an immediate re currence of hostilities, accompanied by a'sudden and close interdict upon the whole trade of Canton, 'native and foreign. I haye the honour to be, &c.' CHARLES ELLIOT. . . ••• - • - • Eve, Majesty's Plenipotentiary. ' • • FIXED DUTY ON CORN. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sits—ln your paper of the 12th instant I find your political economist says—" How a fixed duty is to be mninttnned'when prices advance, is a question that has been already asked, without receiving . = answer." I beg leave to observe to this gentleman, that as the sliding duty ceases when corn is at 825., excepting ls. duty— ~ ivduld be monstrous, if, under a fixed duty corn should rise . to 825., the duty did not cease also. The chances -of corn ever rising under a fixed duty to 824., is very improbable, as a fixed duty would open to us boundless stores, and give a regular and general sup ply, and ample tiaze to pick our mark e t s a t l owes t p r i ces , consequently, ,would be. better able to bear a duty, than corn purchased in a hurry, under the sliding duty. But, quite independent of this, I am convinced that • even* - now, 'tinder the slidizig duty, -and corn b e ing at 803., a 10s. duty is paid un d r the mask of the sliding duty---because the frauds on the sales and averages amount to this, and go into the pockets of the specula tors instead .of the revenue; and that the people have to pay tfiein - over again, from the deficiency occasioned to the revenue, thuS paying double. I am for keeping .my, home market uninjured, by a fair I.rotection ; but this once done, 1 claim the privilege of a fixed duty,, to enable me to trade with all the world in corn, and while I keep my bird in hand, I .might • catch others in the bush. But a sliding duty is a complete prohibition to this ; for with a duty one month at ls., the next month at 255., it is utterly impossible to form tiny correct basis to work upon. It is very surprising that such a contradiction should ,exist under the lives of such an intelligent nation as England. But observe the great expense of our Preventive Ser vice, to'guard our coasts from the bold, ardent smuggler risking his life ; 'liberty, and property and yet We per mit all our corn markets to be smuggled into, and our sliding duty law evaded, to the amount of thbusands and thousands with impunity. With a fixed duty, the large and small flies will all be caught,-:--your revenue protected, your foreign trade in creased, your landholders uninjured, and good humour created bet Ween the present conflicting interests. Year after year has the present Sliding duty been eat ing up the vitals of our country,. without affording the protection to the landholders it was originally intended to do.---:Tani your's, respectfully, Aug. 18,, 1841. E. T. PAYMENT' FOR - A - CFLURCH ES- TABLISHMENT. TO THE EDITOR OF 7'llE SUN. SIR-I am ,a member of the Established Church, and I view its liturgy as, a code of religions instruction as parfect as human understanding can frame ; 'but here I stop, and I lament as much as any one can the rapa city,' the, intolerance, the arrogance and the selfishness of 99-100ths of its priesthood ; and, taxed as we are, and sconced for their support, I lament to observe there is still an outcry for a multiplication of their numbers, and the.building of unnecessary churches, solely for the sake of Episcopal patronage. -in- thiS tewn . we, hate most ample provisi on f or rel i g i ous instruction, having. four churches, and e l even Or twelve -Di ssent i ng meet i ngs; among the latter are i nc l uded a Synagogue, meeting, and a Cath o li c chapel. a Quaker's To St. Nicholas's, th e par i s h c hU rc ' A , a c h ape l o f ease ' was erected in 1714, to whi c h t wo m inist ers are ap pointed, and, by an Act of Parliament, a tax of two shillings per chaldron is levied on " all coals; culm, and . cinders". imported an d' consumed within the toWn, for the support of the c h ape l and its m i n i sters. This is a very oppressive and severe impost, and raised indiscri minately.from. all Classes and distinctions of religious sects, and tlea4 you, Sir, to judge how every one here must be decidedly averse to contribute in anyfurther de gree to . t4e augmentation of churches and the clergy of -the Establishment. Your obedient servant, Great Yarthouth, Aug. 19. EUGENIUS. THE ' SOCIALISTS..." 1 TO .THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sra.--Tlie Central Board of the Universal Community Society of Rational Religionists have had their attention callaVto.a.leading article in your' paper of Saturday, Avli ., ;rein you' state that sever a l Socialist preachers pre sented themselves' at the Manchester Conference as . Christian ministers, and, being known, were 'refused Achniqapce ; and you then proceed to assert that this re-• fusal was • proper, as the Socialists, if admitted, would on all occasions, - have propounded their own nostrums as a remedy for the admitted. distress. -As the3e remarks are calculated so seriously to faiislead the public, with regard to the facts of the, cage, the. Board rely,on your impartiality, as a public journalist, for the insertion . of. the following explanation of the subject-The ministers sent to the• Manchester Conference by bur . Society were persons who had been 'doinp Med, contrary, to their wishes, to take the oaths necessary to ,constitute them T)issenting ministers, and went for the _purpose of ascer taining whether the true spirit of Christian charity: would be idanifested by the preachers of all 'denomina tiOns, .to the extent laid down in the address which Called thomeeting. Had the persons, sent, by this So, ciety been admitted to the Conference the. Board have every reason to believe their conduct would have' been such as would - have shown to the public that. the Society. is actuated solely by the _desire to relieve the :distress Which now exists to such a lamentable extent, and that, although they would not have attributed . every existing - evil to thoeorn-laws,they would havobeen prepared to support measures, noronly for the total abolition of those laws monopoly. With re gard but also of every other existing to the s tate of•the wOrking'classes, an d t h e confi dence they have of .relief from ariyprOpOS e d measures' hitherto subniitted to their consideration, the Board be-. lieVe' their' delegates would have been enabled' to brin strong evidence which would have been highly valuableg - to the Conference. _ In conclusion, the Board are desirous of stating they would regret that any part of their pro6eedings should Show, even momentarily, to the public a desire to im pede the general progress of commercial freedom. • 'By order or the Board, WM. GA,LPIN, V.P. Central Board Office, 57, Pall-mall, Aug. 23, 1841. An , elderly retired of f icer was returning twine, two evenings ago, after dining with a friend at Neuilly, when he fancied he saw his wife walking arm i n arm with a young man who was a stranger to him. Impelled by jealousy, and perhaps somewhat excited by the good cheer he had been partaking of, he instantly seized the lady by,the, arm, and uttered a violent interjection. The' lady screamed, and at once the officer found he was mis taken, .but, before he could make any apology, the gen tlethan who was with her had knocked him down. The passers-by,. as hasty as the fallen veter an , se i zed the tyou ng OdY o f the, man, paoillidee, when the first offend er recovered his were about to commit hi m to the ems senses, and stopped them by saying that the gentleman had only done what be himself would under similar cir cumstances, and that he was too happy in • finding he' deceived himself to entertain any resentment. Ile then got into a coach and went home, but the irritation occa sioned by lvbat had passed was so severe that it brought' on a severe attack of paralysis, and the old officer n o w lies in a deplorable state of helplessness. Advices from St. Petersburgh' state that - there has 'not been a single day of rain there for the last two months. The drought has been so great, that in two thirds of Russia the corn will be imirched up and unpro ductive. SOME EFFECTS OF THE MANU FACTURING SYSTEM. (No. II.) • TO THE EDITOR OF TILE SUN. Manchester, August 18. SIR,—In my former communication I mentioned some of the moral effects of our manufacturing system as a set off to those evils which your City Arcadians continually ascribe to it. I shall now advert to an economical effect which seems to me worthy of the attention of those who presume to guide the nation. Nothing.is more common than to hear of capitalein played in machinery displacing labour and throwing men out of employment. In fact that is one of the stock arguments of the Tories, with which they seek to hide the enormous errors of their presumptuous legislation. If these gentlemen knew what they were talking about, or even at tended to the meaning of terms, they would cease to a different conclusion. Capital gains n oth ing except bysetting labour in motion ; and it is absurd, therefore, to suppose that any increase of capital can throw labour out or em ployment. There are sometimes changes in the direction of labour. A loom moved by power, for example, is substituted for a loom moved by the hand ; a self-acting spinning mule is Made to supply the place of a mule which requires the attendance of a spinner.' • Machinery is continually made to do the work which was before done by man's hand, but by capital employedin machinery infallibly gives employment both to those vino make and those who use it. rIo where in the woeld,l believe, certainly no spot that ever I have seen, is t here so much One by machinery, and by capital employed ;n machinery, as in this town, and no town in the empire, with the ex ception, perhaps, of Glasgow, has increased so rapidly in population, or supplied so much employmentibr labour. This general result, in conjunction .with • the fait that capital can only obtain a- profit by setting labour, the source of all wealth, in motion, is I think a complete re futation of the general assertion that enspSoying capital in machinery displaces labour, and throws men out of employment. , But I must quote a particular instance to show how the employment of capital in machinery. really affects labour. 'is now about eleven 'years since the railway was opened between Manchester and Liverpool. At that time locomotive engines were first brought into use , and they conic strictly under th e d escr i ption o f capital em ployed in machinery. , What amount of labour have they displaced? One effect of using these hats been. to' promote travelling. A match greater number of persons now pass daily bet Ween Liverpool and Manchester and between Liverpool and London than passed before they came into use.. A' great number of 'engines, conse quently, each requiring an engineer ant a stoker, giving great quantity of employment to guards,porters, men; ulerles, colliers, coke-burners, &c., is now employed on railroads. The only persons deprived of work by this employment of " capital in machinery, are a few post boys, coachmen, and stablekeepers, but they fall far be low the number to which this improved method of tra velling has given employment... A groat change has taken place in employment, by which, undoubtedly, some individuals have suffered, but on the. whole, employ merit of capital in machinery has increased the demand for several different kinds of labourers. To have a complete view, however, of the question, the employment which ma ki ng t hi s machinery has given to a multitude of persons must be taken into consideration. I have visited one 'establishment which is chiefly devoted to making locomotivesengines, that of Messrs. Sharp and Roberts, in which 700 men are employed. There are many other_ establishments where locomotive engines are made, not only in Manchester, but in several other places; and thuS this entirely new arta-for it had no ex istence before 18 29—this 'employment of capital in machinery, actually sets at work and provides with com fortable subsistence several thousand persons. To the number actually engaged in manufacturing locomotive engines in different places, must be added the number employed in getting and smelting the iron used in making theta, in obtaining the coal and forming the coke consumed at the forges at which the locomotive machines are manufactured ; and we must also add the number employed in providing these workmen with food and subsistence. Including all those concerned in any way in making and in using locomotive engines, it must be plain that this new art has provided employment and subsistence for a great body of people. But this one art is only a, specimen of the whole ma nufacturing system. There are several similar arts, such as the making self-spinning mules,making the in struments w hich make the cards for cleaning cotton, making lathes for turning and planes for planeing iron, which have of late years. been called into existence. It is a mistake to suppose that the thousand tall chimneys which vomit forth their smoke in Manchester, are , all devoted to cotton spinning, and that in Manchester only children are employed in cotton factories. With the cotton manufacture a great multitude of most ingenious arts are connected, all of which are comparatively of mo dern origin, and are distinguished by much capital being employed in machinery. The very chimneys, .though masonry and bricklaying are not modern arts, are all monuments of vast labour, to which employment has been given by the use of machinery. Indeed, nothing strikes a person more here than the immense masses of solid and enduring brickwork, superior even to the brick-work of old Rome, which—as factories carrying enormous weights, and having floors as true as a water-level, as railway viaducts and termini, and as chimneys taller and straighter than any of the proud columns of antiquity— are seen in every part of this industrious busy town. They are all the result and accompaniments of the new arts which, like that of making locomotive engines, have latterly been called into existence. By their means thousands, and even millions of persons have found em ployment and ,food ; and those arts have carried Man chester to its present size, and the empire to its present greatness. In truth, what has occurred at Manchester has also' occurred in all the manufacturing districts ; and the creation of new arts, and the increase of employment, are the necessary consequences of the man:ll:sculling system. We see its effects, too, not only in the spot whsre the manufacture is established, but throughout the agricultural districts, to which it has given prbsperity unknown before. No Corn-law could keep up th e p rice - of corn, or atimulate its production, were there no' con sumers, and no new .wealth wherewith to purchase it. Every other stimulus to agriculture is as dust in the ba lance compared to the increase of customers. It is ELOPEMENT IN HIGH LIFE.—A considerable the new arts which have sprung up in the manufactur- sensation was recently excited in Brussels, in conse ing districts, and constituting the manufacturing system, quenee of the sudden elopement of the daughter of one which, providing employment and wages for a vast po- •of the members of the Chamber of Peers and of the pulation, have ,caused the prosperity of the landowners, Belgian Government with a Belgian of high family and and have swollen rent tenfold. They. have been the agreeable manners. The young lady, who is described cause of that great extension of cultivation since the as being exceedingly beautiful and accomplished, is in peace which fools have ascribed to a wicked and cruel her 19th year, and one of the richest heiresses in law, and which they have most ignorantly attempted to• Belgium, it being reported that upon her arriving at age check by destroying the farmers' customers. . she would become possessed of no less a sum than 32,0001. It is impossible for any person to 'ascertain the number per annum (English money). The young lady became of beings whom theSe new arts have added to our popu- acquainted with her abductor through the medium of her lation, and to whom they have given a comfortable sub- maid, and secret correspondence had been carried on for sistence. To them, probably, is due the existence of at months prior fb the elopement, which took place about a least half of our present - people and half of our present month since, the parties coming to Englaud direct by an wealth. - But for them, there must have been fewer Antwerp steam-ship. The father of the young lady soon `people and 'greater poverty. Not only as they have come discovered his daughter's flight, and, learning the route into existence have they stimulated agriculture; but sue- taken, he proceeded direct to England ; being most in cessive inventions and successive applications of capital timately acquainted with M. Van de 'Weyer, the Belgian to machinerY have staved off; from day to day, and year Minister, he lost no time in applying to him for assistance. to year, that dreadful pressure of population on subsist- that functionary immediately dispatched his attache to ence to which some , philosophers have ascribed a ll th e t h e P o li ce C omm i ss i oners '; office to request their evils, 'miseries, and .crimes of society. Had they not assistance, and next morning obtained the consent of the been called into existence, draining off the surplus hands Home Secretary to allow of the service of the Metro which improvements in agriculture, and economy of politan Police being made use of in discovering the labour in the rural districts, threw out of employment, retreat of the lovers. Two of the Inspectors of the without there finding them other occupation, our popula• A division, Messrs. Hughes and Partridge, were em tion would have 'been degrad e d b e l ow t h e l eve l. of th e p l oye d i n t h e a ff a i r ; an d, a ft er a great deal of trouble Hindoos' or the 'Chinese. They would have eaten one and exertion, Inspector Hughes succeeded in tracing the another. Our circumscribed. island, wanting the menu- fugitives to the Saracen's Head, Snow - h i ll , the first inn facturing system, and w an ti ng t h e commerce connected they had stopped at on their arrival in London. From with it, would have been like a ship at sea, destitute of, thence they were traced to different hote ls and l od g in g • provisions, and- • hunger would h ave r educed our now houses in the West-end, and at some of which apartments moral and people, to the terrible con- h a d only been nominally taken with the intention of dition of distress, -degradation. and criminality 7ahich blinding those in pursuit of them. • At last the party we know,, from the late. case of th e crew of th e Willi am was f oun d l ocate d a t a lodging-house in Albany-street, Brown, Brown, to be 40. full of horror. R egent ' s - par k. Th e Inspector, in the course of his I must now call your attention to two circumstances quiries, ascertained that the banns had been put up in connected with this rise of new arts and new commu- 'no less than six churches, and on the day subsequent to nities, and with the changes which take place in occu- the lady's capture she would have been married at a pations, : which seem to me full of instruction. I have Lutheran chapel in the neighbourhood of Bedford adverted to the immense benefits those near arts have square, of which a Belgian is the clergyman. Inspector - conferred on the empire, but I have now to 'notice Hughes,, having discovered the retreat of the lady, lost that the LegiSlature neithercherish them nor provide for no time in communicating with her parent, who accom the government .ef :these new communities. It cannot panied him to a public-house opposite , from the windows indeed cherish them, f or it k nows not hi ng o f ' t h em, and of which they could watch the motions of the inmates. they gcow • into existence and 'into power befi )re it be- In a short time the lady' s maid showe d herself at the comes alarthed at th e i r grea t ness , an d see k s • on l y to window, an d s h e was instantly recognised by the young .repress or to tax', them Till the Municipal Act was I lady's father. . A fter waitin g a consider able time longer passed by the Whigs, Manchester w a s w ith out any I the gentleman who had eloped with th e l a d y left the means of providing for th e commonest public wants, ex- I house, and immediately that he was out of s i g ht t h e cept some private Acts of P ar li am e n t o b ta i ne d f rom ' t h e father ma d e his appearance befo re hi s astonished Tory Legislature at a great expense. Great, and' even daughter, whom he took _with all possible speed to the wonderful, as has been th e p ros p er i tye f ourmantl f actan i ng res id ence o f the Belgian Minister. On the same even towns, surpassing even that of towns in the United ing (Saturday last) npost-chaise was ordered, and the States, it has owed n o thi ng w h atever to' the care of the father, daughter , . maid,, and th e I nspector proceeded to lawgiver. On the cont ra ry it s , ena ctments have ins- Dover, Which place tne latter perso n did not leave till peeled its gro w th, an d on the pretence. of pr , )tecting Sunday afternoon, having seen the young lady an d her agricultur e have deprived it of customers. " lei ' safe on board a Calai s packet. The names of the The change of occupations, noticed, does continually parties figuring in the above h ave b een k ept a profound subject some i n dividuals to hardship and loss. Railroads, secret. It is said the gentleman who brought the lady have injured' i n nkeepers and post-masters, a 5 'power- from Brussels recently held a s i tuat i on o f some eminence 'looms have' lowered the ' wages of hand-loom w e avers. i n the Belgian Government.—Correspondent of a Sun- These changes are Still in progress, power-:mules are day Paper. • coming into use which dispense altogether with spin- According to our advises from Beyrout, which nners. Several other inventions are in progiess which are dated ,the 14th u l t. , says t h e T em ps—" The Porte will dispense with the labour of the present race of was dispo se d to grant the people of the Libanus the pri skilled smiths, and compel them to' learn new trr des . The immense benefits of the new inventions which are non com- ' vileges they claim, and reduce their tribute to 3,000 purses (375,0000, vz , 1700 as a tribute to the Sultan, ing forward; may be infered from the benefit of the older and 1,300 for the ex l enses of the Emir and the Govern inventions I have referred to, and a Legislature ass fire of these circumstances ought, I think, to prevent, if t can, ship of war had arrived a few days before at Beyrout, meat. The mountaineers were then quiet. An Austrian the a nd indivi g duals. eneral beneficial 'change ome from classes being injurws 11 i not to income's, by such a change of circumst nnces, bringing t o S e li m P ac ha a sabre, richly ornamented,* as allow their , , a present from the Archduke Fre derick, wh o was his companion in arms at the capture of Saida. The Ails to be lessened, and intesfering for their protect ion, it is bound in justice also to interfere for the protec :ion of trian Consul received by the same conve y ance a medal, the hand-loom weaver, the spinner, and the postm asters, add the insignia o f an order, which were deliverd to him Either it must give up, to be consistent, . proteetir ig thewent to Lebanon with the Consul' s dra holder whoSe labours are no longer of use, "or i t must when on his death-bed. The Captain of the Au s t r i an landlords, and bestowing compensation on every office- ship afterwards we d delivered to the Pacha from the Archduke which is to be applied in rep a i r i n g t h e extend its protection to the classes whom sue massive g loo °lll ,o an oo ' f a l, n half of churches, and the other distributed among such inhabit- general improvements subject to poverty and d istress, ants as have most suffered from the late war. As it would shrink from the latter as too gip! die an A letter from Geneva states,—On the 31st ult. undertaking, there is ho alternative but to abol ish the • Communes of Soleure held a grand festival, in system of protection; and as it cannot regulate the whole I t h e I3ernese Constitution. The provisions for the feast several en ioration of the anniversary of the adoption of vast system of ; the production and distribution of wea lth , comm it should cease its attempts to regulate any part o f ' i t. I shall only further observe, that it is imp oss Ibl e to l ere taken to the summit of a mountain. A n i mme ns e wer e was made in the evening ew hi c h, h owever , occa enter any of the large factories here, and see t h e facili- I s ioned a lamentable accident. As the names began to ties for production which 'arise out of an extenk. :ve de- subside, a blacksmith, named Girard, remarked for his grand, without being at once convinced, that it is a- Isential I violent Radicalism, raised on© of the brands which had t o success. An engineer could not erect cost l y f a t es and fallen from the heap and kicked it w ith his foot into the planes had hesanlynne ortwe screws to cut , , , ororn4 'or two fire, exclaiming "So would I h ave every aristocrat engine valves to make smooth an d t rue. Th e use of served !" In doing this, his foot slipped, and he fell cos tly machinery implies much t o d o . B ot h the cheapness a nd the goodness, therefore,' of aman u f ac t ure , b e i t w hat it back over a precipice 300 feet deep. He was killed on ' ma y, depends ,op the extent of the demand.' In pre portion the spot—leaving a widow with three children, and a fourth in expectancy, whom the aristocrats he reviled a s that increases, the manuf ac t ure approac h es per f ec don. To arrest the progress of a . will have to maintain." manuftiottow or an art by in- L judicious legislation, is not only to put a stop to the in crease of wealth ;it :bars ou t i nvent i on —i t c h ecks im provement ,ix skll, and it prevents that perfection ir; work .whieh,.. is at once equally useful and delightful to conteMplate.' Such, however, is the effect of all laws -which impede the growth.of the manufacturing system . . They prevent commodities froth being made at a cheap sate,. and 'they prevent theth being made well. The length of this ktter compels me now to stop, but I,,hope in. another communication to point out some of the causes why the manufacturing system has been un justly and ignorantly decried. ' an), Sir, your obedient servant, AN OLD, TRAVELLER. WEEKLYSTAtEjIiNT OF LON DON LETTERS, AUG. 23, 1841. THROUGH THE GENERAL POST. Four week:, ending . Aug. 21, 1841 Corresponding period of 1840 — 3,989,704 Ditto as nearly as can be giveh of 1839 , Increase since 1840 on the four weeks' letters 1,499,738 Ditto • 1839 ditto - 3,869,029 THROUGH THE DISTRICT POST. Four weeks ending A ug . 21,'1841 Corresponding period of 1840 Ditto as nearly as can b e g i ven o f 1 839 .... Increase since 1840 on the four weeks' letters 138,924 Ditto 1839 ditto 574,278 RELATIVE PROPORTIONS OF THE NAVAL POWER OF GREAT BRITAIN AND THE UNITED STATES. . ' . (From the New York Morning Herald, Aug. 7.) An article has been going the rounds•of the papers on the above subject, which is extremely incorrect, and calculated to lull the people . of 'this country into a false security as to the real strength of the navies of the two countries. And on this account, and for the purpose of exhibiting a correct statement of the amount of ships and men belonging to each . Government, we. have, at some :trouble, compiled the.following from what we be lieve to be the best and most authentic sources : ENGLISH. AMERICAN. Ships of the Line lo4lShips of the Line ll Frigates . 86 Frigates . . 16 Cruizers ' • 200 Sloops Steamers 5l Brigs 4 Schooners 9 Steamers 4 Store-ship Total 441 IN ACT iTAL COMMISSION. Ships of the line 29 Frigates 291 Sloops 35 Steamers 46 Smaller vessels lOOl Total 66 IN ACTUAL COMMISSION. Ships of the line *4 Frigates Stoops l3 Brigs . 3 Schooners 8 Steamers Store-ship 1 Total 239 Manned by seamen 21,000 Marines 9,000 Boys 4,000 Total 36 Manned by (men and boys) 9,125 Total 34,0001 * Three being receiving ships which never quit their moorings. _ Some of the above ships are unseaworthy, and many of the others require extensive repairs. Under these circumstances, we think it high time that something was dohe towards permanently strengthening and increasing our navy. 1 ON THE ARMAMENTS IN THE FRENCH NAVAL ARSENALS OF TOULON AND BREST. The time occupied in the armament of a fleet varies ac cording to whether the vessels are fitted out at Toulon or at Brest; the latter port is generally the most expe ditious, but the armaments at the former are more in accordance with the progress of the navy. Brest possesses better stored magazines ; the workmen who are under better subjection, and are more laborious, are there under a most constant and unremitting sur veillance in their superiors; and we may add that Brest possesses, in the way of boats and lighters, means of progress, deplorably deficient at Toulon. It will, there fore, be a point of the highest necessity for the French executive to give to Toulon all the facilities which are enjoyed by Brest. There is, on the other hand, a great . difference in the manner of fitting out vessels in the two ports. Vessels who come to Toulon from other ports recommence their fitting out, which, although not, per haps, absolutely a matter of necessity, is caused by the captains of the ships feeling a kind of jealousy at find ing other ships in the Meiterranean which have been fitted out at Toulon in better trim than themselves, and therefore, on arriving there from Brest, or other port, apply to have those modifications made which are pecu liar to that port. This is the circumstance w hich should be altered, and a uniform manner of fitting out adopted in all the yards, whereby considerable delay- l and expense may be saved. 11 the armaments at Toulon are more complete than elsewhere, they arc, on the other hand, much less expe ' ditious. And she reason of this may be thus stated : The workman in the arsenal is very intelligent, and does his work well, but he gets on . very slowly, because he is not properly looked after. The engineer, who superintends the fitting out du,. vessel, is at the same time occupied in looking after several other vessels in the port or in the roads ; he is compelled to be' present at the daily conferences ' .and to be present at his office to sign di&rent billets which require his vise. He is therefore prevented from giving suore,than an hour a day to the surveillance of the diß‘rent fittings out in the course of progress, and hence arises the delay complained of. The officers of the ships, having no control over the work men, arc obliged to stand passive spectators of this waste of ; even in 1840, when the imminence of war was so apparent, and the loss of time might have been of such immense consequence, this was the case. These are evils which require immediate and prompt remedy, and it can only be obtained by an increase of the number of persons charged with the surveillance of the workmen, and a mo dification in the tariff; whereby the workman would re ceive a price better proportioned to his work. EVENIIVG SU N COURT CIRCULAR. WINDSOR, lIONDAL—The Queen Dowager and his Serene Highness Prince Ernest of Hesse Philippsthall arrived at half-past two o'clock at the Castle on a visit to her Majesty and his Royal Highness, who with the suite received her Majesty on alighting at the Palace. Francis7Lady Clinton and the Earl of Denbigh attended her Majesty, Who remained to lunch, and took her depar ture; accompanied by Prince Ernest at four o'clock for Bushy Park. Prince Albert, attended by Mr. G. E. Anson and Co lonel Wyide, returned from town at t en m i nutes past two o'clock this afternoon. The Queen and Prince Albert rode out this .afternoon in a'pony phaeton, the Price driving, attended by Lord Alfred Paget and Colonel Wylde on horseback, and fol lowed in a carriage and four by the Duchess of Bedford, Lady Caroline Somers Cocks, Hon. Sarah Mary Caven dish, and the Earl of Fingal. The Princess Royal has been taken her usual airings to-day. The Earl and Countess of Albemarle, Marquis and Marchioness of Lansdowne. Earl Fitzwilliam, Viscount Murpeth, Lord and Lady John Russell, Viscount Mel bourne, and Admiral Sir R. Stopford, left the Castle to-day. His Royal Highness Prince Albert, attended by Mr. George Edward Anson, Treasurer of his Househoa and Colonol Wylde, Equerry in in Waiting, arrived at the Paddington. station of the Great Western Railway, by a special train, yesterday morning, from Windsor Castle. His Roy-ul Highness proceeded to the office bf the Duchy of Cornwall in Somerset House, and from thence went at half-bast twelve o'clock, to attend a meeting. of the School of Design in Somerset House. After the meet ing his Royal Highness returned to Paddington, attended by his suite, and left, by a special train, for Windsor Castle. " At the Privy Council, held at Windsor Castle on Sa turday afternoon, Robert Vernon Smith, Esq., was, by comma:id of the Queen, sworn of her Majesty's Honour able Privy Council, and took his place at the Board. Viscount Melbourne, the Marquis of Lansdowne, Viscount and Viscountess Palmerston, and Lord and Lady John Russell, returned to town yesterday, from a visit to her Majesty at Windsor Castle. The C, Jommittee on Education of her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council held a meeting yesterday afternoon at the Council-office, The Lords present were the Lord President,:the Lord Privy Seal, the Chancel lor of the Exchequer, the Chief Commissioner of the Woods and Forests, the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, and the President of the Board of Trade. Their Lordships assembled at one o'clock, and sat until four o'clock. Grand Parliamentary dinner parties were given last evening by Viscount Melbourne and Lord Lord John Russell, at which her Majesty's Speech on opening the sessions of Parliament (by Commission) this day was read by the two Ministers to their respective guests. The company all appeared in Court Costume. Viscount Melbourne's dinner party was given at his official residence in Downing -street, and the following were the 'Peers present : The Earl Spencer and the Marquis of Clanricarde, the Mover and Seconder of the Address, his Royal Highness the Duke of Sussex, the Lord Chancellor, the Lord Chancellor of Ireland, the Dukes of Norfolk, Somerset, Sutherland, and BedfOrd ; Marquises of Anglesea, Westminster, Lansdowne, Head fort, and Normany ; Earls of Radnor, Fitzhardinge, Cla rendon, Errol, Surrey, Charlemont, Lichfield, Bruce, and Albemarle ; Viscount Duncannon ; Lords Foley, Byron, Vivian, Lilford,Kinnaird,and Poltimore. Lord John Russell's dinner party was given at the Foreign-office, Downing-street, to a: large party of Members of the House of Commons, including. the Earl of Listowel ; Viscounts Ebrington and Palmerston; Lords Seymour, M. Hill, Dalmeny, and A. Paget ; the Attor ney- General; Sirs T. Trowbridge, J. Hobhouse, and G. Grey ; Right Honourables G. S. Byng, R. L. Shiel, Fox Maule, H. Labouchere, T. B. Macaulay, F. T. Baring, and IL Vernon Smith; Hon. W. Cowper ; Colonels Fox and Anson ; Captains Plumside and Deans Dundas ; Messieurs Tufnell, Rutherford, J. Parker, Pigot, More OTerrall, Hormati, J. Howard, W. Clay, C. Buller, and Bannerman. Messrs. Bowes, Hutt, Wilshere, T. Duncombe, and D. Salomons, had interviews with the Marquis of Nor manby yesterday at the Home-office. A very numerous meeting of Members of the House of Commons was held yesterday 'afternoon, at the Foreign-office, at four o'clock. Socn after that hour Lord John Russell arrived at the Foreign-office, and was shortly folloxed by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Sir George Grey, and Mr. Labouchere. The meeting broke up at half-past four o'clock. Vice-Admiral Sir Patrick Campbell, K.C.8., whose death we announced yesterday, was a most zealous end active officer. In July, 1799, when in command of the Dart, sloop of war, and serving under Captain Henry Inman, of the Andromeda, in an attempt to destroy a French squadron lying in Dunkirk harbour, he carried and brought out La Desiree, mounting 40 guns, long 24-pounders on the main deck, with a com plement of 350 men, some of whom were on shore. Captain Inman in his official latter to the Admiralty says—" That the handsome and intrepid manner of his completely carrying her, in less. than a q uarter o f an hour, and bringing her out, must 'convince their Lord ship:, of his unparalleled bravery, 4114 the very gallant conduct of his officers and ship's company, as the ene my's frigate was so.much superior in force." The Dart's loss on this occasion amounted 16 no Mere - than . one man - slain, and her first lieutenant and ten men wounded ; La Desiree is said to have had nearly one hundred killed and wounded, including among the former every officer on board, with the exception of one midshipman. The Earl St. Vincent pronounced this to have been ona of tl e finest instances of gallantry on record. Three days after this capture the deceased was advanced to post rank in the Ariadne. In 1807 we find him command ing L'Unite frigate, stationed off Corfu. During the ensuing year he captured a French xebec of six guns, and three Italian brigs of war, each mounting,. 16 brass 3 9 - pounder carronades, admeasuring about 400 tons. From L'Unite he removed into the Leviathan, 74 ; and in the year 1812 performed active service in the Mediterranean. In July, 1830, he was promoted to the rank of Rear- Admiral ; and in May, 1834, appointed C omman d er -i n- Chief at the Cape of Good Hope. In 1838 he was ad vanced to the rank of Vice-Admiral. This gallant officer was rewarded for his services by his Sovereign bestowing upon him the insignia of Knight Commander of the Bath. The Havre Journal mentions au incident which occurred to some whale-fishers during a recent voyage, which, it observes, would be incredible, if it were not attested by the Captain and his men. Captain Deglos, of the Gustave whaler, was fishing off the coasts of New Holland, and was giving chase in a boat with five men to a large cachalot whale, which they soon came up with and harpooned. The animal, as soon as he felt the instrument, went down perpendicularly, and carried out a great quantity of line. The crew remained with their oars raised waiting for his re-appearance, when ,on a sudden they saw an enormous jaw rise on each side of the boat, far above the gunwale, which was thus caught in the mouth of the whale, and was ready to be crushed in an instant ! The men were so parlysed by fear, that they could not obey the Captain's orders to get out their saws and work away at the animal's mouth ; but gradually the jaws began to sink, and after giving the boat's side a terrible grating disappeared be neath the water. One of the men fainted away on his seat when all was over. The whale was taken, and pro duced 75 barrels of oil and spermaceti, and the boat still bears the marks of his jaws ! • The Federal of Geneva states that the Count tie Bombelles,Austrian Minister in Switzerland, has recently received further dispatches from Prince Metternich, in structing him to recommend the Confederation to ob nseortvteo follow a punctually;atdlifeeal lineof terms of policy thele , deral Compact, and the destruction o f t h e Confederation. which m rel mo a n y s - t l r e s ad t o ne e The s convent of Austria, on the affair of the convent of Muni , are not renewed for the moment , b ecau se that Power is confi dent, the P r i nce says, t h at t h e Diet . will not allow the compactthe a Federaland tile l i a )o l% w power sh on ou ve ld nt be to too be weal: suppress e d. cause . the Bu to be obs erve d by Ararau , the n the Em p eror will feel him self obliged to use all the m eans in hi s power for enforc ing his rights with regard to this convent. Prussia, Rus sia,tif and France support this note. In the e vening of the 17th inst., the day of the . Duke c y,tuinale s arrival illuminated. Oa th e Duke's w ith ith his regim en t at Va lence, the Municipality gave lus Royal Highn ess a gran d ball, and t h e town wai ar riving i n the town, his Royal Hi g h ness rece i ved compli mentary addresses from the May or an d th e P re f ect. The Prince's replies were as follow :--" M. le Maine, I do not accept for myself the eulogiums which you are pleased to bestow, but 1 nil! accept them for the 17th reoiment, w hich has so well merited th em by it s labours tun com bats in Africa. I hope in time to merit them in my turn, and thus to justify your hopes and my own. I am, however, very grateful toyou for the sentiments which you have just expressed in the name of the inhabitants of Valence." "M. le Prefet,—We are, as you say, in our family, from father to son, devoted to France. Our sole desire—and it is mine also—is to do something for her, and we shall he happy to shed our blood in her ser vice. In the name of the. 17th light infantry, I thank you for the flattering things which you have said." The Constitutionnel states that M. Humann has decided on preventing, as much as possible, the melting down, by moneychangers and others, of the five-franc pieces of a particular coinage, which contain a small portion of gold, and performing the same operation for the public benefit. According to the Constitutionnel, private speculators have realised not less than twenty millions of f rancs f rom me l t i ng d own these five franc pieces, but there are still enough in circulation to yield a profit of twelve to fifteen millions to the Treasury, by a similar operation. __ A letter from Berlin, 13th inst., in the German Journal of Frankfort, says, " M. Thiers arrived here yes terday evening with his wife, and took up his residence at the Hotel de Russie, where an apartment had been en gaged for him by Count Bresson, the French Ambassa• dor, to whom he paid a visit next day. We understand the Court will not notice his arrival unless he should so licit an audience. Before he left Weimar, he visited the ground on which the battles of Jena and Auerstadt had been fought. Professor Wachsmuth of Leipsic, who is engaged on the same historical researches as M. Thiers, paid him a visit at Weimar." A physician of Narbonne, named Gautier, was a few days sinse returning in a cabriolet, from a country house on the Canal de la Robine, with his wife, her bro ther, and child, when the horse suddenly took fright, backed, and fell into the canal, dragging with him th e carriage, and all who were in it. Dr. Gautier, being i n front, easily gained the land, and the infant, which fl oat ed by its long clothes, was taken out of the w a t er w i th out injury ; but Madame Gautier, who was only 25, and her brother 17, were drowned, and their b o di es were nof discovered till next morning. The horse was stifled in the mud. ....