The Sun. — London, England, 1841-01-22 00:00:00

MORNING EDITION SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS. PROM THE DAILY PAPERS OF YESTERDAY.) (From the Morning Chronicle.) We elsewhere insert a copy of a letter from a gen tleman in the United States to his correspondent in this country, dated 29th December last. The Ame rican gentleman is highly informed on the subjects on which he writes, and his statements are peculiarly en titled to attention at this moment. Of the value of our commerce with the United States few persons in this country have an adequate notion. But, then, the rapid growth of the United States in population and wealth constitutes an important feature in this commerce. The American gentleman observes, that " a free trade with the single state of New York, now con taining 2,420,000 persons, is of more value than the whole trade of the peninsula of Spain and Portugal," but then the progress of improvement in the Penin sula is hardly perceptible, while the resources of the United States are every year increasing with un exampled rapidity. " I regret," he says, "in the examination before the Import Duties Committee to find how few facts were brought out as to the ex tent and character of our trade with you, and as to the resources of this country, which, under a restrictive policy on your side and ours, may be brought into competition with yours." The manufacture of cotton goods commenced in the United States during the war of 1812. "To show the rapid progress in manufac tures, I refer," he says, " to 1826-27, and we find we only worked up 103,483 bales of cotton, of about 3401b5. or 35011)s. In 1833.34 it extended to 196,413 bales ; in 1838-9 to 276,018 bales ; and in 1810 to 291,279 bales, of about 4001bs. each, cqual to 116,511,600165. of cotton." Our readeFs may confidently rely on the statements in this let tar. But it the commer ce with the United States be of paramount importance to this country, we ought not to neglect the means by which that commerce may be continued. " If," says this American gentleman, "you would take our grain at a duty of ss. or even 103. a quarter, we could send you to the amount of from 2,000,0001. to 3,000,0001., and the grain-growing States, if that were a permanent rate, would at once extend the cultivation, and would always, or in most seasons, have a surplus to barter for your cottons, woollens, glass, iron, &c." But what do we ' hazard by the continuance of our present restrictive sys tem? The tariff question will come on for discussion next Congress, and General Harrison and his supporters are understood to be more favourable to prohibitory duties than the Van Buren party. "It is, in truth," he says, " the great mass of the nation who favour this bad sys tem, and therefore it cannot be lessened, unless we can induce your Government to repeal the Timber and Cot n laws—and it should be done soon—immediately, to have any effect on the new proposed tariff." The period is criti cal—the change in our system must take place soon, immediately to have any effect in the United States. No doubt the people of that country will do a very foolish thing ; but we are not entitled to reprove them. They are merely treading in our steps—with this dif ference, that they arc better able to make foolish ex periments than ourselves. The millions of these king doms who aro starved to make incomes to bankrupt landowners, would do well to bethink them in time of the danger with which they are threatened by the reta liation in the United States. (From the Morning _Herald.) We may congratulate the friends of order, and the loyal supporters of our old-fashioned Constitution, on the recent failure of one of the most pompous, but most abortive, demonstrations which, even in Ireland, have been yet attempted against the established Monarchy. To contend that an attempt to bring about the repeal of the Union by factious organisations of clubs and sedi tious harangues at public meetings, is not equivalent in its theory and management to a purpose of subverting the Monarchy, is a manifest solecism. A skilful surgeon may have very original notions about the extent to which be can carry the process of amputation without risking the extinction of life ; but a reckless mountebank, who should undertake veritably to effect that species of dis memberment which, in the mere fervour of his eloquence, he assures his auditory at a country fair that lie can readily perform " without any sort of inconvenience to the patient," would scarcely reduce' his propositions into practice, without arriving at a fatal issue. To divide the trunk, for exomple, from the head, or to dis member the larger extremities from the trunk, would prove an operation fatal to the subject, whoever might be the operator. Now, surely, taking into the ac count the mere physical consideration of territorial ex tent and production, and the relations of geographical position, Ireland is an integral member of the kingdom of Great Britain, sufficiently extensive and essential to the vitality of the united monarchy, to excite in every reflecting mind the most painful conviction that the excision of the one would be followed by the dissolu tion, more or less speedy, of the other. On the 15th instant, at the Theatre Royal, Dublin, an aggregate meeting of the " Reformers " of Ireland took place, at which it was announced, long beforehand, by all the trumpets of the brazen-lunged and brazen-faced section who worship the Dagon of Darrynane, that "an enormous array " of the Peers and ancient gentry of Ireland were to assist. In an advertisement carefully sent forth as a " precursor " to this grand field day, these " magnates" were marshalled with a precision, as to precedency, which almost smacked of the official arrangements of' the Castle, or the herald head of Sir William Beetham himself. But lo ! when the day came—which saw in the chair, indeed, an Earl .of Charlemont (!)—the whole of this patrician array of between forty and dwindled down into forte or five ! Two Lords and two or three Baronets were all who came down to do honour to the show. It was a " show" in the paltriest sense of the word ; but the parties who were to have been the principal " performers" on the occasion, were not " all in to begin." The Noble Chairman apologised for the absence of the Earl of Gosferd, laid up with the gout. He deplored thn absence of the Duke of Lehister ; whether absent with or without leave, did not very clearly appear. The other great men had wit, at least, after offering their necks to the noose which the Repeaters had prepared for them, to withdraw them again. They would not turn out. So, then, Mr. Dillon Browne, a Dr. Montgomery, and Mr. Henry Grattan, seemed to take up the parts of the absent, and, in theatrical phrase, " kindly to undertake to read them." This they did, and with the usual success. They made a bungling, miserable affair or it, the absur dities of which would have been brought out in much bolder relief, but that they were followed by the prime juggler, the great Daniel himself. Meantime the avowed intention of the meeting to discuss the Registration Bill, and denounce Lord Stanley, expanded, of course, into endless orations for " Repeal." O'Connell was, if possible, more intensely vulgar and mendacious than ever. His abuse of' Lord Stanley—whom he called a " a miscre ated lot dling" (!) his exaggerated and most false version ofa passage in that Noble Lord's speech, on introducing his Registration Bill, wherein he deplored the prac tices of perjury and fraud to which the existing sys tem of registry gave rise in Ireland—were all in the worst taste of the worst political charlatan of our days. And then his efforts at drollery ! Beyond the self complacent exhibition of his own boorish person, while lie twaddled about his " unimpaired physical strength" and his " murchicgs and countermarchings" (to use the phrase of another vaunting impostor, Major Sturgeon), the desperate effort of the Liberator seems to have been absolutely deplorable. If we could imagine the man guilty of any honest excitement, we should sup pose that he must have been drinking Father Matthew's good health very fast, and cot in Boyne water. The s 4 speech," how ever, as reported, is t oo d u ll to j ust if y so pleasant an idea. We shall leave Lords Charlemont and Brabazon to reconcile, as they best can, their no tions of respect for the Constitution with. their pre sence and presidency at such a meeting. But bow could any gentlenien be found to endure, apart from the objects of the meeting, such ferocious ribaldry— such insane chuckling—such overacted strainings at jocularity (every new effort being a coy nianqhe)— as were combined in O'Connell's address 1 " Misery," they say, makes a man acquainted with strange bed. fellows." Truly, politics must enure him to very dis gusting society. (From the Times.) The ingenuity of M. Thiers has been exercised in his long report on the project for the fortifications of Paris, to put forward the views best calculated to act upon the assembly he addressed, and to elude rather than to an swer the objections which occur very forcibly to the rest of the world. He relied upon various uneontro verted calculations to show that the plan is feasible; he quoted great military authorities to show that it was useful to the defence of the French territory ; but he did not attempt to demonstrate that the scheme was compatible with the habits and interest of a great me tropolitan community, or endurable to the common sense of a free people. The estimates for these great works, as presented to the Chamber by the Committee, arc under five millions and a half sterling. Those for the wall and bastions of Paris, with all their appen dages, are taken at about 2,000,0001. (800,0001.), though the circumference will form a belt of eight lelgues in length, and 1-12 metres in width ; whilst the cost of the external line of forts, cosering a circuit of 20 leagues, is computed at a still lower sem. To this extent of ground must be added a zone 230 metres in width, blasted for all the purposes of industry or habi. tatian, for which, as we understand, no indemnity is proposed. We are, of course, unable to overhaul the data on which these calculations arc made ; but unless we are greatly deceived as to the value of land in the neighbourhood of Paris, which is enhanced to excess by the subdivision of property, and unless the analogy of railroads and other public works undertaken in the vicinity of a great me t ro p o li s b e t o t a lly fallacious, it is evident that these estimates fall enormously short of the real expense which will be incurred, if the French Chambers really set to work to construct these towers of Babel. But if the cost were ten times as great, it would not strengthen the arguments against the pro ject. 'fife primary tax of 3,000,000 or 10,000,000 on the public purse is as nothing compared to the tax which fortifications impose for ever on the freedom, the time, the revenue, the improvement, the extcn. sion of the city, and the very soil on which it stands. All other preparations for war are reserved till the time of need comes ; ships are laid up in ordinary, regi ments are reduced to depots, stores are husbanded in arsenals, but fortifications are always to be kept in re pair, always to be watched and guarded, always ob truding a portcullis and a ditch, a battery or a maga zine, into all the occupations and pleasures of life. A city is no longer built for peace, but for war ; every thing reminds the inhabitants of capture and siege. Men might as well walk about armed to the teeth, as pass their lives in a fever of preparation to resist a storming party or defend a breach. In a rude state of society security for the parson and the dwelling is the primary want of mankind ; and, accordingly, war was every man's business ; every house was a fortalice, and defence the first of necessities. But, if civiliza tion has done anything to improve the world, it is by removing, as far as possible, from man's thoughts the cares of physical defence. Those ho nourable duties are much better performed by z . class of men trained and set apart for that service ; and the rest of the community cheerfully supports the charge by which it is exempted from a far heavier bur den. Nobody doubts that the port of London is to be protected, not by batteries in the Isle of Dogs, or a permanent militia on the coast of Kent ; but by a stout fleet in the Channel. To fortify a capital like Paris is, on the contrary, to bring home to every man, in some direct form or other, the apprehension of attack, the care of defence, the burden of military service, and the vexatious necessities of military discipline. M. Thiers rests the whole expediency of the mea sure on the authority of Vauban and Napoleon. On a military matter lie could not find a better, nor one more questionable in a matter which threatens to sacrifice the pacific internal prosperity of a country to its warlike propensities. But even if Vauban did propose to Louis XIV. to fortify his capital, then about one-fourth of its present size, and exposed to the chances of the wars of the 17th century, does that prove that Vauban would recommend Louis Philippe to circumvallate a city grown to a fourfold bulk, in an age when the arts both of peace and war have under gone the most complete alteration ? The circumstances of the case are so entirely changed, both as regards the city and the enemy, that Vauban's opinion cannot fairly be applied to the modern case. Napoleon bad thought of fortifying Paris in 1806 ; he was not in the habit of postponing projects which he judged to be of import ance to the greatness and security of France, yet this scheme was thrown aside ; and when he recurred to it in his memoirs, he did so under the direct impression of those extraordinary events which had attended his own , I fall. Would the fortifications of Paris have saved Na poleon in 1814 ? They might have enabled him to prolong the campaign, which was devastating France ; but a capital like Paris is always too formidable to be attacked until the whole force of the em pire is irretrievably broken. The case of 1792, which is put by M. Thiers himself, is conclu sive on the subject. Dumouriez's army, on the northern frontier, was turned by the Prussians. Dumouriez knew that the Prussians would not dare to march upon Paris until they had beaten him. Paris took the alarm, and orders were sent to Dumouriez to quit his position, for the purpose of cover ing the capital. He disobeyed the order, which would have compromised his army, from a conviction that Paris had nothing to fear, as the sequel proved. To make Paris the citadel of France, is to make it the point to which all the military operations of her own armies would converge, and all those of her enemies be directed : and the population of the metropolis would be continually agitated by all the chances of the cam paign, aimed directly at their own homes and hearths. The duties of a garrison, requiring a force of 70,000 men. are, we are told, to be performed by the National Guard ; but will the National Guard suf fice to defend the whole line of forts, extending over twenty leagues of the adjacent country ? Those out works, and the extensive zone they would include, must require a vast army to keep up the communica tions between them, to protect the supplies and the fugitives collected there, and to resist a combined at tack on opposite points of this enormous circle. On the suggestion that these outworks may eventually prove destructive not only to Paris, but to the liberties of France, M. Thiers declares that no Government would venture to contend for power over the nation by bom barding the capital. Possibly not ; but the uses of strong walls and towers are not confined to bom bardment. They may command the supplies of the city ; they may shelter the forces repulsed by the populace ; and, as M. Thiers himself set the example of declaring the capititl en dal de siege, another Minister may have the means of giving its full literal signification to that expression. These projects are indeed too wild to be made the subject of argument amongst ourselves, and, as it would appear, too peremptorily adopted by the French people to be made the subject of remonstrance amongst them. As in the case of the French occupation of Africa, it is la mentable to see how few of the best statesmen of France have moral power or courage enough to abjure and confute the visionary and pernicious projects which they reprobate in their hearts. It seems to be admitted by each succeeding Government, that the people must have its plaything and its prey. African campaigns and Parisian bastions are tolerated, not for themselves, but because they stand in lieu of something worse ; and the world is worried, that Paris may be entertained. (From the Globe.) , A little while ago we offered some remarks in expla nation of the cause of the Post-office Revenue not cor responding in amount with the increase of letters, which is to be attributed to the fact that the letters charged double for non-payment in advance have been reduced from 20 to 5 per cent. ; and to the fact that the railway conveyance of the mails, which had been resorted to before the penny postage came into operation, had occa sioned a great increase of expenditure, having no relation to that excellent measure. During the same period,othcr changes of great public utility have been adopted in our Post-office arrangements, which, so far as they occasion an increase of expense, diminish the net produce of the revenue derivable from this source. There are two which we are desirous to record, as well to show that the energy which has been of late years directed to the administration of Post-office matters is still in action, as to account for these seeming causes of backwardness in the Post-office revenue, which it pleases sundry carpets at the penny postage measure to refer to it. The two to which we allude arc the " Money orders," and the " Registration of letters." The former have not long been in operation, but they have increased to an extent of which few people are aware. In shcrt the Post-office promises to be a great banking establishment ; to be the medium of communi cation for small payments from end to end of the king dom. 'I he necessity of growing up to the demand for this accommodation prevented the arrangements from being too suddenly extended. Of late, however, the places where the money orders may be obtained and paid nave been inereased in number ; and they are at all times paid through bankers. This part of the Post office arrangements is far from being in a state of completeness ; but it is to be remembered, that in so busy an e stablishment, with daily demands on its exer tions fully equal to its force, and admitting of no de lay, the greatest caution must be observed, to prevent the slightest irregularity and disorder. Hence improve ments can rarely be introduced on a sudden, and in all their completion, and the effect of one must be ascer tained before another is attempted. The " Registra tion of letters" is the other important improvement. The rate, one shilling, is high ; but we believe it is at tributable to the fear of embarking too hastily in a new branch of service, and that a reduction may be ex pected when the success of the experiment shall be fully tried. In saying that the rate is high, we by no means would be supposed to advocate the allowance of the accommodation but upon terms that should in demnify the public against the charge thereby incurred. It has been too much the fashion in modern times to abolish fees, where they are fairly exigible for peculiar 1 and much valued service. In consequence, th e c h arge in such cases has been thrown on the general revenue, which, from being exposed to burdens of this kind, as well as those which properly belong to it, have rendered it necessary to reject undertakings of admitted public utility. We believe that it will be found, should the matter be referred to in Parliament, that the progress of the Post-office measure is fully equal to fair expecta tions ; and that there is the best reason to believe that it will eventually, and that at no extreme period, realise the anticipations of its projectors. (From the Standard.) We have in England a sedition somewhat analogous to the Repeal sedition, though contemplating objects far less dangerous to the community than those of the Repealers, and actuating men, how much socver now mistaken, much more mild and rational than the mass of the Romanist Irish. Let us, then, for a moment, suppose Chartism in England occupying the same po sition occupied by repeal in Ireland. Let us imagine Chartism so generally adopted by the mass of the po pulation, that no meeting not strictly Conservative, for whatever purpose called, should be held together an hour without declaring itself a Chartist meeting. Let us figure to ourselves the Chartists already numbering a sixth of the representatives of Great Britain, or about 9 Mem bers, some Peers, and a great m;:jority of the clergy, Established and lllssenting, as belonging to their body, with a great many persvns in all other ranks ; finally, let us picture this body as organised having wardens and collectors in every parish in the island, bolding a parliament with weekly sittings, levying a considerable tax, and commanding all the non-Conser vative P ress . Th ere i s somet hi ng w hi c h we cannot so easily suppose, even for illustration ; but it must be added to complete the analogy. Let the whole Chartist machinery be conceived to be moved by the worst man living, the bitterest enemy of the British Crown and empire —he, act i ng b y comman d o f a f ore i gn con spiracy, at war with civil and religious liberty in every part of the world. would Chartism in such a posi• ti o n be " powerless and hurtless ?" Let Englishmen judge from what they know of Chartism even in its actual puny condition. But what we have represented Chartism in our hypothetical sketch, is the severe truth of repeal. It is already strong enough to endanger the THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY, JANUARY 22, 1841. integrity of the empire—give it a little longer time for fortune, for the whole weight of it may be said to fall upon growth, and it will be irresistible, except by a deadly I him, is universal. civil war. We return to our question, Will Minis- Some small sales of stock produced an unfavourable in fluence or, the G.nsol market, but th e y d o not a pp ear t o ters dare to do their duty, or will the) dare to leave it undone Their organs have three days to answer the have been prompted by any political cause. question. (From the Courier.) The words of al-while man occupying a position so high, politically and socially, as the Duke of Bucking ham, and one so little used to deal in empty verbiage, carry weight and significancy with them, on occasions when from other speakers they would rather be passed, over as words of course. Thus whet at the Bucks Con servative dinner, reported in the Courier of Friday last, his Grace observed that the " time had, .however, arrived when Sir R. Pe.l should take the Government in order that the Throne might be supported, the Church main tained, and the rights and liberties of the people protect ed," not only were all who heard him impressed with the truth of the sentiment, and with the conviction that something more was meant than the indication of an opinion, but the public at large who had the advantage of reading the declaratioe have not failed to regard it in the light of those "coming events which cast their shadows before." The Duke indeed qualified his lan guage in a slight degree, so as to check precipitancy of conclusion and anticipation among his more sanguine hearers, by the intimation that although " victory was now within his (Sir R. Peel's) grasp, yet he might be right in wishing not to take too sudden. an ad vantage of his strength." Ttic predominating qua lities of the mind of the Conservative leader un doubtedly are prudence, patience, and forecast, and they never were more amply and conspicuously displayed than in his cautious course during the present Parliament, at any period of whose exist ence hitherto he might have forcibly ousted the present insolvent tenants of holdings whose duties they are unable to discharge of themselves, although rapa ciously insatiate of the profits, and nowise loth to devolve the labour into hands infinitely more capable and disinterested. We shall not, therefore, assume to divine what may be the resolves and the action of Sir Robert during the forthcoming Session, aware, however, that it is competent to him at any moment to proceed by summary process to the ejectment of unworthy men who has eso long had notice to quit. But we are as sured of one fact, and that alone is some consolation for the country, that the present position of Sir Ro bert invests him at least with the negative power of preventing or neutralising a vast amount of mischief, although he may be comparatively powerless to carry into Effoct. any great positive good. MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS. (WEDNESDAY. EVENING.) CHRONICLE.—.The English Funds were heavy to day. Bank Stock was again I per cent. higher, being quoted 170 to 171. Exchequer Bills gave way to 63. to 83. premium, being a decline of 2s. since yesterday. Money continues quite easy. We regret to hear of the failure of the respectable firm of Messrs. Garry and Curtis, Russian merchants. This failure will no doubt lead to a vacancy in the direction of he Bank of England, Mr. T. A. Curtis, the surviving partner of the above firm, having a scat at the Board, and having formerly filled the office of Governor and Deputy 3overnor of the Bank. The amount of the liabilities is gated to be under 40,0001. HERAL D.—Reports is circulation about an early dissolution of Parliament, which must lead to extensive sales of Consols to meet election contests, had the effect of depressing the Funds. The stoppage of the respectable firm of Garry and Cur. tis was announced to day, and although in certain circles it may not have been unexpected for some time past, yet in the City generally it created a considerable sensation. Mr. Curtis, the managing partner in the concern, was the Governor of the Bank of England some three or four years agn. ft is stated that the leading partner has been for some time labouring unfortunately under a mental affl ction. The house has been long established in the Russia trade. Cheap government in the United States appears to be very much the same sort of gullible affair as cheap bar gains in Europe. The following statement of the progress of cheap government from the ascendancy of moderate or conservative principles to those of democracy in its wildest, that is loco loco, abstraction, is taken substantially from the Nov York Gazette, where the particulars by the presiden tial term, by the year, month, day, hour, minute, and second are given tabularly. John Quincy Adams was President during four years. The total expenditure of Government for the whole term of (face amounted to (3neral Jackson eight years Van Bt:ren four years J. Q. Adams per year 12,625,400 G.:ncral Jackson Van Buren Democratic expenditure travels, as will be seen, by rail way, for Martin Van Buren carries the palm over the more modest John Quincy Adams at the increased speed of some 170 to 175 per cent. per annum. The cost of maintaining the paper circulation of the Bank of England is stated at about 21 per cent., and the profits derived from the country banks upon their issues is reckoned at more than 4 per cent. In the event of such a change being adopted as we have advocated that of superseding , the Bank of England, and all other banks, in their functions of issuing paper money, by the appointment of a Board chosen by the Crown—remuneration for the loss of pro fits which would thus be entailed on the banks of issue be comes a question of importance. Some parties, we believe, have been blind enough to the force of national rights as to argue with seriousness that the banking interest had really a " vested right" in creating paper money. This notion is quite erroneous. Any claim of com pensation on the part of the banks as a matter of right is altogether untenable. We only allude to the subject to state this ; but we observe that some of the witnesses examined by the Committee were of opinion that an allowance of 15s. per cent, should be made to the country banks as an equivalent for the loss. Such a sug gestion was thrown out by Mr. Norman in the event of the suppression of country issues, by the substitution of Bank of England paper as the sole bank of issue, and as a means of reconciling the banks to the proposed change. In that view of the subject, the proposal seems reasonable enough, although open to the objection that private individuals might get passession of Bank of England notes, and, putting them in circulation, claim the commission; but the loss of the profit on paper money would not break up any of the ex isting banks. Their profits on deposits and discounts, and the operations of economising money belonging to the trade of money dealers, are sufficiently attractive, and ample enough to make banking, in its free and legitimate sense, exclusive of creating paper money, a valuable and permanent channel of investment for capital, and even if some of the present banks were to discontinue, others would quickly take their place. But supposing that the functions of issue were to be taken away altogether from the Bank of England, and placed in the hands of Crown Commissioners, we are not convinced that it would be requi_ site to allow any commission to the banks for circulating the Queen's notes. They would find their way fast enough into circulation by the necessity of obtaining them to replace the present currency. Much noise has been made, and more no doubt will still be made, as to the great demand for money which would be produced by the process of call ing in the present paper money preparatory to the change. The measure would require to be set about with judgment, and proper time allowed to carry it into effect ; but this would be duly provided for by Parliament, and we are satisfied that it could be adopted without disturbing the transactions of commerce, or injuring in any degree the rights of parties under subsisting contracts. The public, indeed, would be evident gainers instead of losers by the substitution of Government paper, fenced with the secu rity of unquestionable convertibility, and the only losers would be the banks of issue, who would be merely de prived of the profit which they enjoy on their notes I payable on demand—a profit to which they have no right—and which tempts them to inflate prices and en courage speculation to the injury of trade and who best interests of the nation. Such powers ought not to be entrusted to the hands of any class of individuals ; and the notoriety of the fact that the noire it is abused the greater the profit drawn by its possessors, is a cogent reason for its entire suppression. The notoriety of the fact, also, that the country issuers unequivocally repudiate the doc trine that they should regulate their issues by the Foreign Exchanges is so replete with dangerous error, that it be comes the duty of the Legislature to stop its agency before it does more mischief. The leading advocates of compet ing issues scout the idea of being regulated in their cir culation by a reference to the influx or efflux of gold. They have been rash enough even to ridicule that principle as old and antiquated, totally unfit to occupy the atten tion of the philosophers who conduct joint-stock banks. They made a bad point in committing themselves by such a statement, because it is showing the cloven foot, rendering it manifest that they are ac tuated by attention to self. profit instead of public good, and that the security of the country, in respect of a steady convertible paper money, is in opposition to the aggrandizement of their class. They are actuated entirely by : t he selling price of the staple commodities in their res_ pective districts, and they argue that a high price of corn is a sufficient justification for increased issues. This ar gument entirely uproots the possibility of preserving the convertibility of paper money. It is a doctrine radically unsound, and one that, if allowed to go on unchecked. would necessarily be productive of mischievous consequen ces. To use the words of Mr. Jones Loyd, " I conceive it to be unsound for this reason, that when prices rise in any country, of course that very tact creates an additional inducement to foreign countries to send their commodities here, and a diminished inducement to take our commodities from us; consequently that must iHve a strong tendency to produce an export of gold, and ought to lead to a con tracti©n of the circulation. Now, the principle here laid down is to meet that stale of things by an opp isite course, namely, by an expansion of the circulation." The constant ri°e which our daily quotations show in the value of Bank Stock is remarkable, and various causes are assigned for it. Among others, the very natural one that the Directors have come to an understanding with the Government that the Charter is to be renewed on the principle of subjecting the management to the control of Crown officers. We know no good reason for this report besides its probability ; but, as we have already said in the course of our observations on this subject, we are quite con fident that the right of Crown interference must be sup ported by the leading men of all parties. The only difference will be as to tlae extent to which the prin ciple should be carried. We have entered fully into an explanation of the constitution of the Bank of France, and stated our views as to the expediency of adopting it as a model in this country. That this would be an improvement on the present system there can be doubt ; but we would wish to sec it carried to a further extent so as to separate the issuing department effectually from the discount and deposit Lusiness, and thus give the public the full benefit of Parliamentary control and fre quent and full publicity of accounts. Unless the Crown officers have an active influence in the issuing department, and means are takes to secure the adoption of the true principle, that of keeping the circulation regulated in ac. cordance with the store of bullion, the mere acknowledg ment of the right of Crown interference, and of conse quence, Ministerial responsibility, would not be attended with any efficient reform in our monetary system, nor would the alteration have any chance of satisfying the country. POST.—Some little sensation was Created in the City this morning by the announcement of the failure of the well-known Russian house of Garry and Curtis. The fact of Mr. Curls having, but two or three years since, passed the chair of the Bank of England, caused more to be made of the event than the actual circumstances con nected with it would seem to warrant. It will probably turn out that the liabilities of the parties are very limited. and that the firm is one of those old-fashioned establish meats which have b-en superseded in their business by the new and more economical system that has obtained among commercial men during the last fifteen or twenty years. The senior partner, an estimable man, has, we believe, been for some time labouring under a state of mental pro• stration that has prevented his taking any share whatever in the management of the concern. The friends of this gentleman (Mr. Garry) are, indeed, reported to have has tened the suspension from prudential motives, the affairs of the house having been for the last eighteen months or two years suspected to be in an embarrassed condition. The English Funds declined -1 to t per cent. to day. To account for the change the only thing we heard stated was, that there was an intention to dissolve Parliament. TIM E S.—lt transpired in the City early in the day that the house. of Garry and Curtis, a leading firm in the Riga trade, had stopped payment, an event which excited touch surprise, as the litouse is one of long standing and great respectability, while its credit has not been shaken by the knowledge of any previous disasters. Of the more im mediate cause of the failure, the rumour is, some necessity which has a:isen, through proceedings in Chancery, for withdrawing the capital of the senior partner, Mr. Garry. The engagements arc variously stated, but none of them at any large amount, the highest being about 60,0001., which is probably much beyond the truth, as the transactions have been very limited of !ate years, and the house presumed to be the more safe on that ac count. Mr. Curtis was Governor of the Bank of Eng land in 1838 and 1839, and has taken the lead in several public Companies, more particularly with one established for the improvement of the communication with India by steam—a project, however, which has not yet been brought into active operation. No man could be more generally esteemed than INIr. Curtis has been for his gentlemanly and manly, upright con duct, c u r: t e , a o n n o u a r l 1 , o e c a c s a i n s i e o s n s s. of T ac h c e es regret, therefore, at his mis- RANDALT. V. SWEET. Mr. Sergeant CIIANNELL moved for a rule to discharge the defendant out of the custody of the Sheriff of Somer setshire, he having been in prison more tkaratwelve months for a suns not exceeding 201. debt and coats. The Learned Sergeant said that the application was made under the statute the 48th of George cap. 123, and it bad formerly been the practice of this Court to grant in the first instance the rule nisi only, whereas the practice of the other Courts had alwa) 3 been to grant the rule absolute at once, upon affi davit of notice to plaintiff. The COURT observed that in the present application there was a defect in the affidavit of notice, namely, the omission of an attesting witness to the defendant's signa ture. The Learned Sergeant might have the rule nisi now, but it would be b. tter to amend the affidavit, and Isave the rule ab,olute for defendant's discharge en another application. GUMLF.T V. SANSOM, Mr. Sergeant CEIANNELL obtained a rule to show cause why proceedings should not he staid in this case until the plain:iff should give security for costs, upon affilavits that she, being a native of Spain, and having her principal residence at Nantes (France), was about to leave this country, MORISON'S PILLS-MORISON V. SALMON. In this ease an action was brought by the plaintiff to recover damages from the defendant for selling a certain &lig under the name of Marison's Pills, to the infringe ment of the plaintiff's rights. It was tried at Guildhall at the sittings after Michaelmas last, and a verdict was given for the plainntiff in damages one farthing. The de fendant subsequently applied for a ne.v trial which was refused, and this day Mr. Serjcant TALFOURD applied fora rule to show cause why the plaintiff should not be deprived of his costs, not withstanding the certificate of the Learned Judge ( Mr. Justine Manic), before whom the case was tried. The ground of this application was that the certificate was con. teary to the meaning of the Statute of 3 and 4 Victoria, commonly called Lord Denman's Act, which enacts that the Judge shall have power to certify in cases of damages less than 40s. for libel, slander, assault, tresspass, only when the action was brought to try a right, other than the right to damages, or where there was malice. The Learned Sergeant contended that in this case there was no right beyond the common law right which every man had to sell his own goods, and that was the right merely to the damages which the Jury assessed. But there was no peculiar or private right, such as the Act contemplated in the exceptive words, authorising the Judge to certify. The LORD CHIEF JusrtcE did not sae any right which the plaintiff had beyond the common law right, which was the right to damages, as indicated by the Act. If so, cer tainly the costs should not be certified. Rule to show cause granted. LAMUOURSE V. CROWDEN. This was an action for work and labour done against the Star (Gravesend) Steam-packet Company. It ap peared that the plaintiff, being himself a shareholder in the Company, was appointed in the year 1837 superintendent of the packets, at a salary of 1501. Differences arising between he and the defendant, who was Chairman of the Board of Directors, the plaintiff wrote to the Board, com plaining of the coniuct of Mr. Crowden towards him, and declining to attend any future meeting at which that Director should preside, or to obey any orders given to him otherwise than in writing. Upon this letter his resig. nation was accepted, and the Company refused to pay him the sum of 291., which he demanded as the balance of his salary, from the date of the above-mentioned letter up to the time of his actually quitting his office. The case was tried before the Lord Chief Justice, who received a verdict for the plaintiff, on the general issue (non assump sit), but directed a nonsuit, on the ground the the plaintiff having been engaged as a yearly servant, at a sa lary to be paid in apportional periods of the year, was not entitled to wages for the expired portion of any pe riod within the year, during which he chose to resign or refuse to do his duty, without just cause. The plaintiff last term obtained a rule to show cause why the nonsuit should not be set aside, and the verdict entered in his favour. accorliorr to .Iv. 7enfrßl finiing of •be Jury- Mr. Sergeant SHEA LUIS day showed cause againg the rule, and cited a number of cases, in support of the law as laid down by the Lord Chief Justice. Mr. Sergeant ACKERLY replied at great length, con. tending that the contrect bad been altered in the course of the year by mutual consent, and he cited a number of cases to show that therefore the plaintiff was entitled to the benefit of a general contract, just as if no special contract had ever exited. It bad been laid down that the special contract was rescinded virtually by the plaintiff's being continued in his office after he refused to act upon that contract, and he was entitled to salary in the mean time. The rule for a nonsuit, and to enter a verdict for plain tiff, was refused ; but a rule absolute was granted for a new trial, on a point omitted in the Learned Judge's di rection. (Sittings at Guildhall, before Mr. Justice COLTMAN and a Common Jury.) MORGAN V. PROCTER. This was an action to recover lON., the amount of a promissory note, and the sum of 3731, which sums had been lent by the plaintiff to the defendant. The plaintff, Mary Morgan, who has now arrived at an advanced age, was formerly the servant of the defendant, and must have been of very thrifty and frugal habits, for it was out of the savings of her wages earned by previous servitudes that she was enabled to lend the defendant the above amount. The defendant had pleaded as to the promissory note that it was obtained by fraud and misrepresentation on the part of the plaintiff; and as to the sum of 3731., that the statute of limitation would prevent the plaintiff recovering it. The promissory note did not become payable till the 4th of January, 1835, and the present action having been commenced before the 4th of January in the present year, it was brought. within the siz years after the cause of action bad occurred, and therefore the statute of limitation could not apply to that, as was admitted by the defendant's Counsel. The other leg of defence was completely shot from under Mr. Procter by acknowledgment of the debt contained in letters addressed by him to the plaintiff, in answer to her repeated applications. Mr. BRANSWELL (in the absence of Mr. Sergeant Bompas) conducted the case nn the part of the plaintiff, and designated the conduct of the defendant in placing upon the record such pleas as he had done, as most dis honest and disreputable. The only witness called was a Mr. Cuff, a relative of the defendant, who proved that the promissory note and the sevcrd letters show❑ to him were in the handwriting of the defendant. This witness, who was a relation of the defendant, stated the defendant formerly, he believed, lived in Size-lane, and very reluctantly confessed that the defendant was now living at a place called Sutton Coal field. Whether he was carrying on any business he could not tell, although in his letters the defendant talked very much about his African trade. Mr. Sergeant TA LFOURD, who appeared for the defen dant, admitted that he could not answer the plaintiff,' case, and therefore would not trouble the Jury with any ob servations The Learned Jucca then very shortly directed the Jury, and a verdict was given for the sum of 565/. 193., as being the amount due to the plaintiff for principal money and interest. COURT OF EXCHEQUER, JAN, 2h (Sittings in Banco.) TA PSEL V CROSSKEY. The defendant in this c;ise was a surveyor of highways of a parish in the caumty of Sussex, and in that character had entered upon and taken materials from the land in the occupation of the plaintiff, without any notice or the autho rity of a Magistrate. The action was tried before Lord Abinger at Lewes, when a verdict was found for the plaintiff. Mr. PLATT bad obtained a rule nisi for a nonsuit, which was now argued. Cause was shown against the rule by Mr. Thesiger, Mr. Peacock, and another gentleman, who contended that the verdict ought not to be disturbed, arthey held that the Act of Parliament, in speaking of " enclosed lands," meant any private land, in contradistinction to waste or common lands. If the Court could put such a construc tion upon the words of the Act, the action could be main tained ; if not, then in Sussex the Surveyors of Highways would have power to enter upon thousands of acres, for on the Downs there was not a fence, by mutual agreement, for probably ten miles. Mr. PLATT supported the rule, and stood upon the strict words of the law. It was a public good that the power was given for, and no doubt the Legislature were fully aware of the effect of the words they used. A gentleman behind the bar was about to follow, but was interrupted by The CoCßT,who said that, however reluctantly, they had conic to the conclusion that the rule must be made abso lute. However inconvenient such a decision might be, they were bound by the law as they found • it. The diffi. culty had arisen from the Legislature using very obscure words, viz.—" enclosed lands," without giving any distinct meaning to them. Probably that decision might lead to an amendment of the law.—Rule absolute. LAW INTELLIGENCE. ROLLS' COURT, J.IN. 21. The Court was occupied during the catty part of the morning in bearing motions, none of which were of any public interest. I WO UR T OF Q UEEN'S BENCH, JAN. 21. ( Sittings in Banco. ) THE QUEEN V. TIIE BIRMINGHAM AND GLOUCESTER RAILWAY COMPANY. Mr. WAKLEY moved in this case for a rule to show cause why a writ of certiorari should not issue to bring up an indictment which had been preferred against the Bir mingham and Gloucester Railway Company, at the Sum mer Assizes for the county of Worcester. One of the Die rectors had been summoned to appear, and not appearing a distringas had been issued, and some of the property of the Company had been seized. The indictment was, he understood, for not baying complied with an order of Ses sions. in making a hedge pursuant to the provisions of the Act of Parliament, and the Slieriff having seized some of the defendants' property, still retained possession of it. Mr. Justice COLERIDGE—Don't you know what the in dictment was for ? Mr. WAKLEY—Not exactly, my Lord. Mr. Justice Ltreeeneen—You said you understood it to be for disobeying an order of Sessions ? Mr. WAKLEY—Yes, my Lord. Mr. Justice LITTLEDALE —1 never heard of such a thing before. Mr. WAKLEY—At the last assizes of Worcester, some of the property of the Company having been distrained, he ( Mr. Waklcy)had appeared and offered toplcad, but the clerk of the indictments said he could not receive his plea, and on applying to Mr. Baron Parke he said he did not know hew the defendants were to proceed, but not in that Court at all events. He (Mr. Wakley) suggested whether the indictment was not a nullity, and Mr. Baron Parke ex pressed an opinion upon it ; but at the same time recom mended him to remove the indictment by certiorari into the Court of Queen's Bench. All he was desirous of was to get rid of the indictment, and it was somewhat difficult to say what caurse he ought to adopt. Mr. „Justice LITTLEDALE—Does your affidavit state what you believe to be the object of the indictment ? Mr. WAKLEY had applied for a copy of the indict ment, but could not obtain it ; but he was himself perso nally aware of the fact. The COURT granted a rule absolute for a certiorari. THE QUEEN V. WHITEHEAD. The ATTORNEY-GENERAL appeared to show cause against a rule which called upon the defendant to show cause why an information in the nature of a quo warranto should not be issued, directed to him and calling upon him to show by what authority he exercised the office of Councillor of the -North West Ward of the borough of Leeds. The electiOo took place on the 2d Nov. last, and the two candidates were Mr. Whitehead and Mr. Skelton. It was a very close rub, the one having polled 315, and the other 316. According to the rule laid down in the Liverpool case, as he could not attach the votes given is favour of Mr. Skelton, ire should confine himself to a state ment of what was the principal question between the parties. The borough was divided into several wards, and, by an Act passed in the Ist, Victoria, chap. 78, sec. 6, the Burgess Roll of the former year was to remain in force. On that roll there were several burgesses who had pre mises in more than one of the wards—they were registered in each of the wards, and several of those persons voted for Mr. Skelton, and their votes were disallowed on the ground, amongst others, that in the preceding year they had voted in other wards. The great question, therefore, would be whether those votes should be allowed or dis allowed. If Mr. Skelton was entitled to them he would have the majority in his favour, but there were two grounds on which he would show to the Court that these votes ought to be disallowed. When the rule was moved, for Mr. Justice Patteson was of opinion that these votes should never have been allowed at all. The 9th section gave the right of voting to those only who had been duly enrolled, but the parties in the present case being enrolled in two wards, could not be said to be duly enrolled, because by the 4411 section it was provided that at the time o f enro l ment they should haze made their election as to what ward they should be enrolled in. The words were " he shall be en titled to vote in one, but not in more than one." He was to make his election in whatever way his political views pointed out. Now, he contended, that these voters had made their election by voting in another ward the preced ing year, so that if they had the right of voting at all it should have been exercised in another word. The question was one deserving toe serious consideration of the Court, as the votes had been received on the 2.1 of November, and in a scrutiny, before the declaration of the numbers on the 4th, the returning officer had struck them out, It appeared to him that it was most essential that the return ing officer should have the power to scrutinies what votes were good and what votes bad. Mr. Justice PATTESON—That should be done when the votes are tendered. The ATTORNEY-GENERAL said had they argued that, at the time the votes were tendered it could not be known whether they were duly enrolled, or whether they had voted is another ward or not. Mr. Justice PATTESON—That may be a good reason for coming here, but it seems to me that under the Act of Parliament, the Returning Officer is to sum up the votes and to declare who is elected, but to allow him to object to votes, and say which he may strike off or which retain, is a monstrous thing. The ATTORNEY-GENERAL was sorry to say * that abuses said to prevail on the other side of the Channel, had been ascertained to exist in England, and iu the present case there had been a clear case of personation, but after the opinion expressed by the Court he would not offer any further arguments against the motion.—Rule absolute. THE QUEEN V. YORK• Sir F. Pote.oce appeared in this ease to show cause against a rule which had been obtained calling upon the defendant, Wm. York, to show cause why a quo warranto should not be exhibited against him to show by what au thority he exercised the office of Councillor of the borough of Bridgewater. The ground on which the rule had been obtained was, that at the time of his election he was inte rested in - a contract, being the lessee of certain lands be longing to the Corporation. By the 28th section of the Municipal Act, any person holding any place or office of profit, or who by himself or his partner was directly or indirectly interested in any contract or employ ment with the Corporation, was disqualified from holding the office of Councillor ; that, in his opinion, merely referred to any employment under the Corporation, but could not be said to extend to the case of a lease. The COURT thought the case was one which would be beat met by putting it into a special case. PICKFORD V. TIIE GRAND JUNCTION RAILWAY COMPANY. This was a rule calling upon the defendants to show cause why a mandamus should not issue, commanding them to charge at all times the same rates autho rized by the Act, for the carriage of goods and merchandise, or for the use of steam power or carriages supplied to the defendants, and tee charge the same rate per ton per mile for all descriptions of goods, and not to reduce or advance the same in favour of any particular company, or persons travelling on or using the line. Mr. Ckesweet now appeared to show cause against the rule. The terms followed precisely the 27th section of the Act of Parliament, and it did not assign either that the defendants had done anything contrary to it, or had neglected or refused to comply with it. He apprehended that such a mandamus as that could not be sustained, be cause there had been no demand 'rondo of the Company to do any specific thing, for the omission of which they made that complaint to the Court.. Now, if the application was good for anything, they might return that they had complied with the 27th section of the Act. Mr. Justice LITTLEDALE—The question may not have been properly brought, but we have granted mandamuses under similar circumstances against canals. Mr. CRESSWELL submitted that in such cases it had been shown that the rates were different at different locks, and that a party was thereby aggrieved. In the present case the Company were required to do what they had always done, Joseph Heyworth, the clerk of Pickford and Co., made an affidavit to the effect that he had waited upon the manager of the Grand Junction Railway to know whether he would allow the trucks of that Com,-inv, after convo• the goods of Vickfo, c and Co. al..n.g -In I ~ 3a line, to be transferred to the London and Birmingham line, to be thence conveyed to London, so that the goods might not be taken off the trucks till they reached Lon. don. That was refused, and then the affidavit set out that a letter was delivered by Heyworth to the Manager, stating that they would send their goods by the Grand Junction Railway as usual, but would send their own mPn to load and unload them. These were . the only demands that had been made of the C( m • pany, and that certainly embodied no complaint of their having charged Pickfo:d and Co. a dif. ferent rate from that charged to other parties. There was certainly a demand as t:r what the defendants would charge for carrying the goods to London, and the answer was, the charge would be the same as if they were de livered by the Company to the different consignees, but that had nothing to do with the application before the Court. Lord DENMAN wished to know from the other side what was the exact nature of the case ? Sir F. PoLLOCK said, in order to explain the case, it would be necessary to refer to previous communica tions which had taken place between the parties. On the 4th of Oct., 1840, a letter was addressed to Pickford and Co. by the Railway Company, stating that they were ready to allow the waggons to go on, provided they would pay •2s. 6d. per waggon per day, an I to 'pay for all repairs that might be necessary. Mr. Pickford declined that, on the ground that the London and Birmingham Railway Com pany did nc.t make such a charge. and that Messrs. Horne and Chaplin were allowed the use of the trucks without any additional charge. Pickford and Co. therefore re quired to be placed on the same footing as these parties. Now Mr. Heyworth's affidavit set out further, that whether Pickford's men or the Grand Junction Railway Com pany's men delivered the goods, the charge would be precisely the same, the Clerk of the Company, Mr. Chorley, having so stated to him. Horne and Chaplin were allowed a discount of (Os. per ton for delivering the goods in London, while Pickford was to be charged the same sum precisely, whether the goods were delivered at Camden Town or all over London. Mr. Justice LITTLEDALE—Are not the rates the same for both ? Sir F. PoLLocx said they were, but ho apprehended the Act of Parliament was framed to prevent anv undue gdvantsge or favour being shown to any party. Pickford was obliged to unload at Birmingham, while Horne and Chaplin's goods were transferred direct to the Birming ham line, and carried to London. Now that, and the dis count of 103. per ton was giving very extensive advan tages to Horne and Chaplin over Pickford. Mr. Justice LITTLEDALE said that was blending the rates of the two Companies, as the goods were carried along the Birmingham line as well as along - the Grand Junction line. Lord DENMAN— I - Eve you made a demand of the Corr . piny to place you on the same footing as Horne and Chaplin ? Mr. Justice PATTESON—That appears to me to be the difficulty, because they say you have never made such a demand of them. Sir F. Por.tocx contended that Pickford's application meant that if it meant anything, and referred to the terms of the letters that had passed between the parties. Mr. Justice PATTESON said these letters should have been followed up by an application to the Company, either to reduce the charge for Pickford's goods, or to increase the charge on those of Horne and Chaplin. Mr. Illcuartos, on the same side, observed that the defendants had lately become carriers of goods them Selves, and their object was to drive all competiiors off the line. Al. though the rate was nominally the same to b-th , if these car riers, yet the Company paid Horne anti Chaplin 10s. per ton for delivering goods in London—the Railway Company being themselves the carriers, and Horne and Chaplin being merely their servants to deliver the goods. • He subni•tted that the defendants had, in their letter, distinctly refi.s:d to place Pickford and Co. on the same footing as Horne and Chaplin, by which they obtained an advantage of 109 a ton in favour of themselves as carriers. Under these circumstances he submitted that the mandamus ought to be made absolute. The COURT was of opinion that although from the long correspondence that had taken place, the defendants might have been aware of what was expected from them, it would be better in a case of so much importance that there should be no discussion or doubt upon the subject. When a party came forward and said, " I have a right to enforce an Act of Parliament against you, and I require you under its provisions to do so and so," there should be no mistake or misunderstanding as to the nature of the de mand and refusal. The demand should be entirely free from all mistake or doubt ; as it did not appear in the pre sent ease that a specific demand had been made of the Company, the rule for the mandamus must be discharged, but without costs. BAIL COURT, JAN. 21. (Before Mr. Justice WILLIAMS. CRIMINAL INFORMATION.—THE QUEEN V. LOMAX. Mr. JERVIS moved for a rule calling own Mr. Lomax, the proprietor of the Stockport Advertiser, to show cause why a criminal information should not be filed against him, for the publication of an article reflecting upon a Mr. Foster, a member of the Society of Friends and a respect able tradesman, in the town of Stockport. Ile was also. Deputy Chairman of the Board of Guardians. It ap peared that the Board of Guardians had come to a resolu tion unanimously that the system of paying rates by instal.. tnents was highly prejudicial, and that the resolution be cdmmunicated to the Magistrates, with a request that they would abstain from ordering the rates to be paid by instalments, and instead would fix a time when the rate must be paid, or if the rate-payer in their opinion be entitled to relief than, that they would relieve them at once from all payment. An article sub sequently appeared in the Stockport Advertiser, stating that the Board of Guardians had come to a resolution to enforce the payment of all rates upon the first application of the collector, and imputing to Mr. Foster, that he had been most active in procuring this resolution to be passed; that the resolution, signed by Mr. Fcster, had been trans mitted to the Board of Surveyors, with a request that they would act thereon ; and that the Board, after hearing Mr. Foster, had scouted the proposition. These representa tions, which were every one of them false, were calcu lated to do Mr. Foster great injury, and therefore ho had applied to this Court for redress. The whole of the alle gations in the libel were denied on oath. Mr. Justice WILLIAMS did not think the pressure upou Mr. Foqer sufficiently strong to call for the interposition of the Court. The Chester -Assizes were at hard, when his remedy would be open to him. Application refused. COURT OF COMMON PLEAS, JAN. 21. MORRIS V. STAMP. In this case, which had already occupied the Court two days of this week, and of which we have already given the licadv, Mr. Smith, for the defendant, addressed the Court at some length in support of the rule ; whereas we had un derstood the arguments to be closed by the Solicitor-Ge neral and Mr. Sergeant Bompas on the same side, with Mr. Smith, on Tuesday ; and that on this day their Lord ships would give judgment. The Court having heard Mr. Smith, took Wilber time to consider. EXCHEQUER CHAMBER. The Judges met yesterday in the Exchequer Chamber, for the purpose of choosing their respective Circuits for the ensuing Assizes. The following was the List as settled by their Lordships : HOME CIRCUIT.—Lord Denman, Mr. Baron Parke. MIDLAND. —Lord Abinger, Mr. Justice Pattison. NORFOLK. —Chief Justice Tindal, Mr. Justice Bo sanquet. OXFORD.—Mr. Baron Gurney, Mr. Justice Coleridge. WESTERN CIRCUIT.-Mr. Justice Erskine, Mr. Baron Rolfe. NORTHERN CIRCVIT.--Mr. Justice Maule. WALES —Mr. Justice Williams, Mr. Justice Coltman. It is not yet finally settled that Mr. Baron Rolfe shall go the Western circuit, he holding himself ready either for that or the Northern, according as it shall be found convenient when the new Judge is appointed. Mr. Baron Alderson will be the Jute in town. SHERIFFS' COURT. GOLLING V. PAGE. This was an action in which the proprietor of a tavern on Tower-hill, licensed for singing and theatrical represen tations, sought to recover the sum of 4/. 15s. from the de fendant, who had been engaged as scene-painter, and who also occasionally favoured the patrons of the establishment with specimens of his histrionic abilities. From the facts adduced in evidence it appeared that pre vious to the present action there had been much litigation between the parties. The plaintiff now claimed the sum of 4/ 15s. for refreshments supplied to the def,mlant. . A number of witnesses were examined on both sides, most of whom described themselves as "professionals," and their evidence kept the Court in roars of laughter. One of them described himself as " a skin-dresser or flesher by trade"—by profes.ion, " stage-manager of Mr. Golling's establishment." For the defence it was contended that the refreshments supplied ought to have been gratuitous, as the defendant received no salary. A verdict was eventually returned for the plaintiff. POLICE INTELLIGENCE MANSION-HOUSE. COALS.—Mr. Rowland, the harbour-master at Greenwich, waited upon Alderman Wilson, at the Man sion-house, in consequence of an application from Mr. Cooper, of the house of Smith and Cooper, of Harp lane, coal agents, for expediting the delivery of what are called free coals, i. e. coals brought from pits not in the combination, and which are sold at a much lower rate on account of not having anything tacked on the price for demurrage, factorage, or combination dues. Mr. Richmond, the Lord Mayor's coal merchant, who has supplied the Mansion-house in the last three Ma; °rattles, with what are called Lord Mayor's coals, and are much abused by a dvertisers, also attended and aid, that Mr. Cooper was his agent, and he thought that he had not received those facilities for the passage of his ships up the river upon their arrival, which he had reason in justice to expect. Mr. Rowland produced several letters and papers, showing that application had been made at Gravesend to allow the King William to pass up, on its arrival, to un load in Deptford Creek, the coals being sold. The order was promptly given as the ships arrived, and lay in the Thames for three days, when on the 2d of January a letter arrived fro:n Mr. Cooper, requesting an imme diate order for the pool, as the letter said he could not get the ship into the Creek. He (Mr. Rowland) know ing that the ship drew but eight feet of water felt a little annoyed at the application, and stated as much to the Captain. Soon afterwards he received a more peremp tory letter from Mr. Cooper, to whom he wrote in an swer that he had given an order to admit the ship into the pool in her turn. Mr. Rowland complained that there were all sorts of tricks resorted to by the Captains of vessels to get into the pool, where the Captains and crews preferred lying till their cargoes were sold to wait ing at Gravesend: Alderman WILSON said that since Mr. Cooper had been last at the Mansion-house ho had made it his bu siness to inquire into the subject relating to the free trade coal ships. He had seen three of the harbour Masters, and he was well convinced that the harbour service had never at any period been so efficiently con ducted as at the present time. He believed that it met with the approbation of the cord trade, and he was sure the public would shortly admit that they were greatly benefited by the exertions of these officers. He found in his inquiries that the ships coming from the north laden with coals from the non-combination pits, and gel!. ing their cargoes before their arrival, their unloading without delay and returning immediately had made so many more voyages than the combination ships, that the owners of the latter were becoming alarmed, and had declared that they would no longer submit to the factors' regulations, and that that sort of mutiny had already taken place. If he happened to be wrong as to his information he knew well how delighted some per sons would be to contradict him. Mr. Cooper said he believed that the Alderman had received correct information. Mr. Richmond—The shipowners have long been annoyed at seeing my ships and others returning so much. oftener than their's, which were compelled to wait the pleasure of the Committee of Factors before they can unload. It will now put the coal owners to the test, and we shall see what they will do. Alderman WILsoN hoped they would continue their combinations, far the longer they continued them the grea t er would be the number of pits opened ; and these mighty motiopolkas would find to their cost that the public could, and would get coals, in spite of all the.r res.;ulation3. Mr. Richmond—The number of new workings within the last tro years is quite astounding. If a ship trans guilt the factors' regulations, instead of being thrown out of work, or having to pay a heavy fine to procure nre coals, as formerly was the case, they can now ge t served directly from the new pits, which are not in the combination. Alderman Wusort—lf that part of the public sell ° dislike a coal that burns to white ashes, would he" submitted to the inconvenience for one season 00 1 10 they would have taught the combinatory a lesson far better than any legislative enactment could instruct them in, and which I think they are now learning. 81. though there may be some further delay before thel can become perfect. I continue to burn the same s ett of coal I burned when in the Mansion-house, and eu t entirely satisfied with them, though they burn to whi t° ashes. I have no complaint of dust or damage to the furniture. Mr. Rowland said he bad been informed some alter s. tion was in progress. Alderman WlLsow—With regard to the grievanc e now stated, I think Mr. Cooper has no ground of cow plaint. The Harbour Master has most difficult del to perform. I hav e se en th e b u y ers of this ship ? coals, and I believe the circumstance has occurred ° consequeace of a misunderstanding between the roil° themselves as to who should pay the expenses of ee.; tering the Creek, which the capt a in encountered on h i arrival. The Captain refuses to pay, the buyer rehol' and the seller refuses, and something like a deception 11 practised en the Harbour Master to obtain an order f° l ' the pool. Mr. Cooper—lf so, then we have been wade t b° dupes of the Captain. Alderman WILSON—Be that as it may, lam O l d the Harbour Ma s t er k new hi s duty too well to be dulS t by any one. lam sure the Lord Mayor will supp er the Harbour Master, and do all in his power to (MO a free trade in coals for his fellow-citizens. No one ie . sinuates that Messrs. Smith and Cooper willed to de' ceive these zealous and active officers. MORNING EDITION COR N AVERAGES. GENERAL AVERAGE PRICES OF BRITISH CORN .01 For the Week ended Jan. 15, 1840, made up from the Itetu rP ot the Inspectors in the different Cities and fawns in Et tglalo r Wales, per Imperial Quarter. W heat Barley ' . 1'.25. 10.1. 1 Rye ... ...... 353. sd. I Pease."... •••'''''' itc• AVERAGES OF THE LAST SIX WEEKS. Week ending WHEAT. BARLEY.' OATS. RYE. BRANS !_ ° - ' —.--- -- - - j Dec. 4 5B 11 32 0 21 11 34 4 42 4. I , , 0 11 18 6O 1 32 4 21 5 33 5 43 9 8- 0 25 6l 8 32 11 21 5' 32 7 40 1 'A it Jan. 1 8 .61 7 32 10 21 8 35 5 40 '3 '', IMPERIAL AGGREGATE AVERAGES OF THE SDE W 1 4,: - V. Wheat 60,. &L Rye Barley 32s. ticl. I 335. 6d. Pease... ...... 4 " . DUTIES OW FOREIGN CORN. n s l _, Wheat 268 Bd. I j Oats - 7 ,,' Barley l3s. 10d. Rye THE MARKETS-YESTERDAY' COLONIAL MARKET, ' • • e 0 The market was in a dull state; privately little bust ° was done, and the public sales were few in numb er ; prices, however, und e rwent littl e v ar i a tio n . The ifoP °it keep light. TEA MARKET. le° The transactions were very brisk, and ther e wag ,v firmness amongst holders. S a l es ma d e i n t h Trau dott • Low Congou at about id p er lb l ower . The sFeetill-lbs price of Company's Corigou was: s 51d and Is id Pe r TALLOW MARKET, Ao - e The demand dull, and the t en d enc y o f p r i ces is 0 11 ward. Sales made iu P. Y. C. a t 46 s on t h e spa:, ' 45s 9d for delivery. DRIED FRUIT MARKET. A 7 0 Currants in good request, and f u ll p r i ces o bt at to 72s per cwt. ; Valencia Raisins of fine quail ty S"' d et 78,;, which is tLe extreme quotation ; Figs in d 'cola ° the late reduced quotations. WHITECHAPEL HAY INIARKE'I jai The supply was moderate, aid all sold. Gi r ni 4/t o Meadow Hay, 31 12s to 4/ 18s ; Straw, 33s to 35; Ver 100 COUNTRY COUN MARKETS. I "'heat. 1 aarte'i. Oats. I Beau, I "...-- --,------. ..11 ': I Per Quarter. s, to Is. to s. to s. la.to s. • , . Bast on ...... ..,, 58 ,43 : 13 .38 i , „...,,, 1 35 4t+ :.R , 4, Dram tt ce !56 66 2= 34 t 6 3U 38 46 4 ,, ,,, ile B iighton 156 '7O 28 :36 22 26 '' 29 47 t: sl Cambridge.„ ! 61 3 9 21 33• ---_, 'l4 Chichester., :. it: 32 • ) 3 4f% ;0 ''," Dunmow !6l (3 2.3 38 "4 30 • 41 " Grantham 5, 66 28 35 20 30 44 , 1, ...t. ' Grimsby 54 66 25 39 22 26 42 44 ' '' Hailsham 52 62 2(3 32 22 29 46' —;„ A l Hitchin 5B 60 30 38 22 30 28 31 4 '.' 51 fin 26 34 Ipswich p e 24 28. 38 4 c }. 34 40 Lewes 1.6 61 34 •36 121 .23 31 3 , , Lain... St it 1 26 39 j2l -28 42 44 ' - .....41 Maidstone 59 64 312 39 t 26 82 40 5 0 : 42 44 Norwich IL6 f;(3 :35 43; 28 30 42 44 ' 44 A g Petworth Rom ford 53 70 .2. 31 20 28 34 4 ? • 16 g : Sandwich 56 67 34 4:3 27 34 33 4 ' . . 40 ..., Thetford 56 59 f,B 32 24 36 36 40 ..... , Wisbech Witham 57 67 2E 34 2 5 2g 26 Yarmouth 6O 65 0 3 t 24 30 40 42 . 39 L,VERPOOL C ()RN SIA- 111(0 E — Ja n • 19 '' go 41 WHEAT, E nglish. White, pe r 7010 ...++• --- Red --- Scotch, Welch, and Manx --- Irish, White 8 0 S t 61 63 5s 'o 54 tin 52 62 58 CO 28 3! 55 611 38 40* ..6 61 31 33 . Si its ,to 44. Si) 65 40 5 0 Lo oo 42 44.- 53 61 46 40 „' 53 70 34 46. 56 67 ,33 45. 56 59 3i6 40. 60 66 44 45 50 47' 57 67 40 42' 0 65 ,6 lan. 19'. ~, 4 1 ,VERPOi. 15 8 -1 to I" 6 .ish, White, --...-- Red ... 9 .1. 9f - Scotch, Welch, , 8 Irish, White ....• Red Foreign OATS, English, Welsh, ' W nil Scotch, per 451 b ' 3 0 3 1 Irish Foreign . - BARLEY, English, *Mat ing, per Imp. quart e r. ,—...-- Scotch 'mil Insh, pet 601bs. Feedr~g BEANS, Engli , ,h, p e r Imp e r ia l quar t er 44 0 41 " _ Iris),, &c. 4 Fo' eign 4O 0 49 '' PEASE, EY iglish, per Imperial quarter 4 46 2 41 s =--- F o reign 0 FLOUR, English, per 28111 b. 45 0 40 -- Irish ~ 9 0AT1417 AL, English and Irish,per 2401b5..... ..... _.. .26 3 . 5 ~ INDIA a Coax, per 48011). -. 34 u 40 ° 0 Rya, per Imperial quarter HAW , per Imperial quarter HULL CORN MARKET. 563 56 5 . e: • Wheat, White (per Quarter) 465.585. " Foreign . , Red 465. 5 "• (.°': 525• A" Barley. Malting Grinding 16s 18s. ' 2 Oats, British Foreign (in bond) Beans .. Pease, Grey Blue and White Linseed Flour (per sack) Rapeseed per 10 quarters) 0 tt. 1 1 CHELT E N H A M ...... 9444431 3:144' v.::1-1: Per Bushel. s. d. to s. d.' Per lb. t 1 1 . Wheat 7 2 9 0 Beef 6 i) • Barley 3 8 4 ''' Mutton Oats 3 0 3 9 Veal Beans Pease 6 0 81) Lamb Hay 41.1104 to 5/. Os. Od. per ton CANTER.BURI MARKET. t°''' '• Wheat, whitew.. 60s. to 645. 01d.......... -- 5 • 0 4 red 575. to 645...... Old—..* - - s• , t ° ....x • . Barley, Malting —31 s. to 365. Or , nding.. —s• "i t ....ir Oats ....M....,............ ) 3s. to 275. ....... 01d,............ --s• t ,,,, f.• Beans ................,,, ~ 35s It O.V 3 . 11.000 0l d IM.,•••••••• ..'4. • ... .0 .14. Pease ............. , i2s. to —5...... Grey........... 405.. 5 1 CHELMSFORD 111,,,RKET. o 7 16 Si Wheat, White 67 to II Oats ...••• oe Red Barley Chevalier 36 37 B Bans, Tick ..............•• ;t) Grinding .., . Lady Stanley and her inklit son, we are to learn, are both going on very f avourably. e FLAT HORIZONTAL WA T U ri) A. B. SAVORY and SONS, Watchmakers, No. 9. ` - „,:cs:'„, London, opposite the Bank of En Wid. P r i ce i n sit ver "14 3 y guineas each, in gold cases uineas each. Th ese :01 4 4 waistcoat-pocket Watches recommended for yre at. a e a;!a! and durability, tlte her - ntal escapement being suited to combine thus implrtant requisites in :fiat ts yet they are jewelled ur holes, have the hand to nia: 4 ! -- , be i il V,‘ conds, and m a i n t a i n i ng p ower t o cont i nue going w , ; /. li. wound. A p r i n t e d warran t y g i ven w i t h eac h.— large Stock of elegantly ornamented Ladies' Watche 6>. , " 4.0.4 GOLD WATC I - IES.—A N ariety of exa :el iel ; ' 4 l ; carefully finished Second-hand Gold Watches, man . i o ie „el- accordance with th e l ates t t as t e , w ith Gold Dia Is, J a il, &c., are offered for selection,• ight GM, .cgs printed warranty will be give , 0 0 At T. C, SAVORY'S, 1,11 ( Se Watchmaker, Gold aster .‘:'ilversmith, 47, Coc. 3 - 1 doors fr..Orce....;simh-strect), Lola 00 ' , ~/ . N.B. Second. and Watches purchased in ex o ho g _,--- her _ __-• SI; t i TABLE CANDLESTICKS, sape 6" , 1° t iCi'''' I , for durability, equal in appearance. Table cam:W i : o , 1 , / 3 ,., inches high, 7s. per pair; 9 incises high, 93. ; 10 inch, l' o , per pair; ditto, with rich shell mountjugs, 9 i uches,.. ll ' 6 .d r e lo per pair , snuffer trays, with shel„L.4tOuntings and cf„ i e 1 0 tre, 4s. each. The partis.uk? metal of sr . gich t e ola ° great variety of other ajtitges are made, can 0n 1 4.'" silver by referenettie stamp. Catalogues , 7 -...atis- tree t. , , RI RYON arurß URTON, Wells-street, 0 2 xlsr a ' s _---' ......,„„.............-,..............--.24......,..11 MI -- -- to t BIRTHS. 0 000 On the 17th inst., at Sandwell, Stafferessb ire, the tO° of Dartmouth, or a daughter. xv 10 41e6 On the 13th inst., at Bayswater, the lakl7 of ” • 0, 00 ) Esq., of a daughter. s urd' On the 15th inst., the lady of T. M. ,S7ard, EN" t he Basinghall-street, of a daughter. V%bride' On the 16th inst., at Hillingdon, locir , e,, Tlt ar l i tif lady of T. Hamlyn Bent, Esq., of a son., , the On the 18th inst., in York -terrace, Regent's - P ark 0 0 of C. D. Archibald, Esq., F. R. S., of a daughter,: e „ 'O a On the 18th inst., at Elm Lodge, Strea thasa, 4 '" -. fl. Cross, of a daughter. lad, °f On the 19th inst., at Upper Harley- s t a . e et, t.• 1., e von Glehn, Esq., of a son. ..-------- ( _______ —_-- 0 M.4.R.R/ 7 2D. nif s° te t On the 12th inst., at Clarendc , n H o use, Richard a l i a lo 3 „r R. Toxin, Esq., of Englelield-e. youngest daughter ot W. F. 7' I Esq., of H ale 6 .yt er, bo a 0 ness, Nos th Britain. c . garYie r ;1; On the 18th inst., S at - t. Mary's Church, on ° oft George Wintour, Cam. V , late G. S. Wintour, ES or. Coll., Oxon, eldest ~, F oci' reen, Surrey, to Ea'! o, Pc" On the 19tis- , ,,,5t.. Renou, ciciest'daughter a -t. George's, Blownsbir , l' to Cflr' ici r nolds, son ot the 1.. r , t 3 Charles Bartrum, ... , s(l. , sou ssic 41.Cieault)teaniantRiN'..R, e t n o o ll u, ar lq,: l ke i i ( e r o daughter of Car rain T . Finlay, of Hunter-street, __________"./ square. ______ _____._.----- f C ' ~„,. 0 0 i D. Ki O ng n , rtilis,ci.,l4otihßilo.osof,n3, field -place On the 14th hist , ; n Itruton-street Berkeley -qu" f, i ,q: I, A Ol d A H l a a (l 'ip reit a t z t, e ho t ef A l‘ n 4v t toi l Le i Anther eel ,ag e: h e ta.. l in, . c t ,a t i a i g f Be t d l at e lt,i l e a ... t b e ri ß d ' e g ' n e j , a m s T . A r n a t n h m er it 's, 6 " l i n gsfor•- , e On the 16th in it., Louisa, the wife of 14. 1,0 0 1 of Canterbury, a ged 46. ade 0 1 d o oon ~., On the 16th init., at Edinburgh, Sir Cask, Ir nrks“' _ , ,, e Devereux Savil' ,e, Bart., of Sargrave d De °°''' Grosvenor-squa re, aged 22. Elder- t street 7 , W ill' W. J• se v;e r On the 18t1 , inst., at Bromley, Middlesex, 1 ,,,, s er Esq., late Co; nmander in the Hon E. I. Comp_ T'Y 17th ,piintastlti., eit tl . iza, the wife of Edwar , ~_____..............______ _. London • Pt i n ted and Published by MIIRDO If stra p, No. 112, St ra nd, at The Sun Otßee, 1\ 0 . 1 1 841: the counf ,v of Aliddlesex.—Frityl, Ja nUar i 2 2 'AST PllO `heat t ° -0 be i Off Depo l Per shar TThe B „ gon , r aPp atij kt e , sat: In th e of vs "" fol I ok-stre ,orth 4, ir G. c o „, m! . ____ Cli Sold (