The Sun. — London, England, 1841-03-18 00:00:00

a the purpose ; but ten, of great toil and difficulty, were spent before Lake Tuladi was reached. The remain der of the detachment, united by the return of the en gineers, descended the north branch of the Grande Fourche to the junction of the south branch, ascended the latter, and made the portage to Green River. In this the boatmen were completely worn out, and the last of their food exhausted, just at the moment that sup plies saint up the Green River to meet them, arrived at their camp. "No arrangement which could have been made wouldthave sufficed to prevent the risk of famine which was thus encountered by the second detachment. A greater number of boats would have required more men, and these would have eaten all they could have car ried. No other actual suffering but great fatigue and anrety were encountered ; and it is now obvious that had the rains, which were so abundant during the first week of October, been snow (as they sordetirnes arc in that climate), there would have been a risk of the de- tecionent perishing. " The third det tehment reached their station, on Green Riser mountain on the 13th of September, and continued there until the Pth• of October. A fell sal of barometric observations was mede ; the latitude well determined by nameroue altitedes, and the longitude approximstely, ley some lunar observations. Ttre fourth detachment, after depositing the eteret intended for the return of the party in charge of the British Commissary at Fort lugell, who pettely under took the care of them, ascended the Tuladi, and, taking its northern branch, reached Lake Abagusquash. Here ore of the engi n eers wou n d e d hi mse lf an d was rendered unfit for duty. The commissiry then ptocecded a jour- • ney of five days towards the east, blazing a path, and making signals to guide the second detachment. The difference between the country as it actually exists, and as reprete to en any maps, prevented the Commissioner from meeting this party. It found the source of the cen tral or mai n b ranc h of Tul nil to the north of that of the Ablsutquash ; and, following the height of land, reached the de:p and narrow valley of the Rimoueki, at the point where, en the British maps, that stream is represented as issuing from a ridge of mountains far norh of thelice offered to the King of the Netherland as the bounds of tho American el dm, The comnaiss try, therefore, found it impossible to ascend the Reinoueki to its source ; and, croesieg its v-flay, found himself again on a dividing ridge, a here be soon struck a steeatn running to the south-east. This, from a comparison of courses and dis , tance , , is believed to be the sour or of the main branch of the Gr,nd Fourche of Reitignuche ; and thus the so ccrrd and fourth detachments had reachel points within a t ery short distance of each other. The greate bread, ii of the dividing ridge has thus been explored ; but it will remain to trace the limits of the valley of the R imeueki, which will form a dee? indenture in the boundary line. This Fee having been explored ; a party was formed, after the assemblage of the several divisions at Ternizectuat t, for the purpose of levelling it with a baromrt r ; but the expedition was frustrated by a heavy snow-atom!, which set in on the 12;11 of (M.))-e-. This, the most important of the whole northern line, thereforewemains for future investigation. It can only be stated that strong grounds exist far the belief t twa its summits ate not only higher than any point which has been n easured, but than althotigh cut by the Rimou,k;, it exceeds in average cl.rratian any pert of the disputed territory. " The levelling of the Tciniscounti portage app-arel to Fe an object of great importance, not only on its own account, but as furnishing a basis for future operations. As soon :is a sufficiert force bad been assembled et Lake Ternincouata, a party we:3, therefore, formed to survey the portage with a theodolite. Orders were also gives by the Commissioner that the first barometer which shonlel be returned should be carried ever the portage. It was believed that this double provision would bare secured the examination of this peit,t be yond the chance of fa lore. A snow storm, boa ever (the sante which irate:muted the ltst operas on referred to), set in after the Icvtl had been run to the mountain of Itiort ; and one of the labouring men, worn out by his nreceding fatigues, fell sick. . The party being thus rendered insufficient, the engineer in contained found hionsdf con - ye:led to return. The contemplated owe . then with the barometer was also frusteated ; for, on examination at Teroiscouata, it tvas found thet all were until for further service. In order that the desired ()b -ona might• he acromplidied, a new expedition was de• spetehed front New York on the 12th of November, furnished four barometers. This party, by gre at exertions, resiched Si. Andre, on the St. Lawrence, on ' the 18'h d ,y, and accemplished • the ohjeet of its mho sine. Tne operation was rendered possible at this in • clement seasen, by its being confined to a beaten road, and in the vicinity of human habitations. " Tee country which has been the object of this oe connolswince is, as may readily be understood, of very difficult access from the settled parts of the St-te of Maine. it is also, at best, alms st impenetrable, except by the watercourses. It furnishes no supplies, except fish and small game, nor can these be obtained by a surveying party, which cannot be strong enough to allow for hunters and fishermen as a constituent part. The third detachment alone derived any important be nefits from these sources. Toe hest mode of supplying 1. party moving on the eastern section, would be to draw provisions and stores from the St. Lawrence. It is,indeed, now obvious, although it is contrary to the be lief of any of the persons professing to be acquainted with the subject, that had the Commissioner proceeded from New York, by the w,ay of Montreal and Quebec, • be might have reached the district assigned to him a fortnight earlier, and have accomplished twice as much work as his party was able to perform. w Although much remains to be done in this region, stn extensive knowledge of a country hitherto unknown and unexplored has been obtained ; and this not only sheds much light upon the boundary question in its present stew but will be of permanent service in case of a further er perle examination, or a joint Cemmis• sion being agreed upon between the Governments of Great Britain and the United States, " The season was two late for any efficient work, as the line to be explored was not reached before the 22d of Sept. Not only were the rivers at their lowest ebb, but ice was met, in the progress of the parties, as early as the 12th of September, and snow fell bn the 21st and 22d of September. The actual setting in of winter, which sometimes occurs in the first week of October, was therefore to be dreaded. From this time the country becomes unfit for travelling of any deserip. tion, unt . l the streams are bound with solid ice, and a crust formed on the snow of sufficient firmness to make it passable on snow shoes, The only road is that along the St. John's river ; and it would he almost im possible for a party distant more than ten or twelve miles from that stream, to extricate itself after the winter begins. "No duty could be well imagined more 1 kely to be disagreeable than that assigned to Professor Renwick. The only feasible mode of approach lay, for hundreds of miles, through the acknowledged limits of the Bri fish territory ; and the line he wee directed to explore was included within the military posts of that nation. It may be likened to the entry upon the land of a neighbour for the purpose of inquiring into his title. Under these circumstances of anticipated difficulty, it becomes his duty as well as his pleasure to acknow ledge the uniform attention and civilities he experienced from all Patties, wh et h er i n official or p r i va t e stat i ons. All Possibility of interruption by the local authorities was prevented by a proclamation of his E Sir John xce ency John Harvey, eenc .B province of New Brun.sr. and the British w a rde n , • Colonel MtLaughae, was personally ; 'ut.enant-Governor of the the ersonally instrumental in prom oting the comf or t s of Commissioner a n d hi s were assistant. Similar attentions c the eeeived from the officers of the garrison at Fort nd Ina CommandantExee,i of the citadel of Quebec , alearn his •G e vernor-Genoral of Quebec , and from hi s E x 7 e c iT en tb ey e the Governor - G eneral. Even the private per sons whose property might be affected by the acknowledg ment of the American claim, exhibited a generous hospitrlity. 6, Th e party, under the direction of Capt. Telcott, left the settlements on Hall's stream on the Gth of September. The mein branch of this source was fbl_ lowed to its source in a swamp , in w hi c h a branch of the St. Francis els° had its origin. From this paint the party folio .red the ridge dividing the Atlantic from the St. Lawrence wntern unt:l it was supposed that all the branches of Indian stream had been headed. 10 . this work the party was employed until the 14th of September. It now arrived at a point where the Me .,490 - way river should be found to the left, according to .. Oihost authentic map of the country ; especially that prepared by the New Hampshire Commissioner, ap pointed in 1836 to explore the boundary of that State, and accompanying that report*. The party, accord ingly, bore well north to avoid being led from the true ' height of the land' by the dividing ridge between the Conneeticut and Androscoggin rivers. After cross ing several small streams, it came, on the altenthon rf the 15th, to a rivulet about twelve feet wide, running to the cast, which was supposed to be the main Mc galloway ; the 166 was spent in exploring it to its source . The next d a y i t was discovered that what had been taken for the Megehoway was a tributary of Salmon river, a large branch of the St. Fialeis ; and corwequently, the party was considerably to the not th of the boundary-. " The supply of provisions did not allow the party to retrace its steps to the point where i t h a d divereed cassia it svgs nog frcru the true dividing ridge. The ecuree wa s there- fo-e changed, until it bore a littleso i u t t i l e i l ; f but g,a until the 22d that the party found dividing ridge, and then upon the waters of the Me. gallow a y. " Tire party reached Arnold river, or Chaudiere, above Lake Megantic, on the 24th of September. After baying recruited, and taken a fresh supply of provisions from. the depot established there, the party was divided in two detachments. One returned westward, to find the corner of the State of New Hampshire, as marked by the Corae n t e c on in boundary li ne . 1789 appointed to trace the ‘• It was ther..e. ascertained 'bar the corner .the true dividing ridg, and not ‘ i ' ro ' ln eight to ten uniee A 3 on • AISO, sc Rep. No. 170, HQ. Rep, 3d Session, 25th Congress EVENING EDITION. south, as had been erroneously reported by the sur veyor employed by the New Hampshire Commission ers in 1836, and reiterated in several official papers. From the State corner, the dividing ridge was followed to where it had been previously explored by the party. Thence a course was taken to the north-east, so as to reach the head of Lake Megantic, and thence to Lake Magaumac, where, on the Bth October, the two detach ments were again united. The detachment led by the assistant, Mr. Cutts, had successfully followed the di viding ridge from the camp of the 24th, on Arnold River, to this place. " It was now ascertained that the provisions remain• ing were not sufficient to subsist all of the company until the Kennebec road could be reached by following the height of land. It was thought advisable again to separate into detachments—one to follow the ridge, supplied with provisions for 20 days ; and the other to strike for the nearest settlement, whicb, it was sup- posed, could 13;reaehedit; four or five days. This movement commenced on the 10th of October, and the detaehinet,t, fcl owing the high !and, rea3hed the KennebLe road on . the 23d ; and on the feanwing day previsions for the party for 15 days were placed there, and a like quantity at the mouth of the Metjarmcttr. It was intended that the two detachments should move sirnultaneous!y from these two points on ti'e 26th to ex plore the boundary line as far as Lake Etchernin. deep sno. , -, which commenced fa ling on the night of tae 25th, compelled the Commissioner. to abandon Nailer explorations at that time ; and there was not the slightest probability that they could be resume:l before another year: The result of these explorations may be stated as follows " About 160 miles of country along or near the height of land' rave been traversed, the travelled-dis tancs careful'y estimated, and the courses measured with a compass. Barometrical observations were made as often as necessary, for giving a prcfi!e of the route from the Lead of stream to Arnold's, or the Chandiere river, and thence to Like Magaumac via the corner of tl:e St i lte of New ii.lmpshire. Some further barometrical observations were trade between this Lk° and the Kent:eb , :c road ; but, for a portion of that dis tance, the barometer was unserviceable, in consequeace of air having entered the tube. Astronomical observa tions were made as often as there was an opportunity, but, owinz to the prevalence of clouds., net as often as was desirable. They will serve for correcting the courses and f stimeted di ; tince; as travelle 1. Barometrical observalfonsior comparison cycle made at the incersco tioa of the Kenoebe:: read and heizbt of 1 tnd, hourly, from sevco a.m. to file p.m., while the parties were on the dividing ridge. " The only discovery of interest made by this party if, that the Megalloway river does not head any of the branches of the Connrcticut as it was generally be ,ieved it did ; and, consequently, our claim to Hall's 4 stream is deprived of the support it would have had, From tie fact :hat all the other branches were Leaded by aq Atlantic river, and, corsequently, could not be reached by the line along the height of land from the north-west angl ) of Nova Scotia. " The other Commissioner (Major J. D. Graham) di l not receive his appointment until 16th August, to 61 the plev:c left vac int by the non-acceptance of Pro fessor Cleveland ; and to him was zssigned the survey and examination of the due-north line, commencing at the source of the River St. Croix, and extending to the highlands which divide the waters that flowi jut.) the Rver St. Lawrence, from those which lbw into the Atlantic Oce to. "Immediately after receiving his appointiuent, be tock e necarsary steps for organising his party ; and, in addi tion to two officers of the corps of topographical engineers, ~siigned to bins by the commandant of the corps for this service, he calad to his aid two civil engice..n.s, possess ing the requisite qualifications for the duties to be per formed. S 3 soon as the requisite instruments could be procured, and put in proper order, he left New York for Portland, Maier, where lie arrived on the sth of S!ptember, expec , ing there to join his cota;ues of the commission. They had, however, proceeded to the points designated for the commencement of their respec tive duties ; the season being too far advanced to justify their incurring any further (relay. " At Portland, a short conference was had with Mr. Stubbs, the agent of the State Department, who fur nished the necessary means for procuring an outfit for the party, in provisions, camp equipage, &c. The party then proceeded to Bangor, where it was occupied until the 12th in procuring the nccc:sary sup plies of provisions, camp equipage, transportation, &c., to enable it to take the field ; and a few astronomic:] obscrvatiees were made here, for the purpose of testing the rates of the chronometers which were to be used upon this service, as wrll as of obtaining additional .data fur computing the longitude of this place, which, together with the latitude, had been determined by the Commissioners, by a very near approximation to the summer of 1835. while occupied upon the military re connoisances of the north-eastern frontier. " On the 12th, the party left Bangor for Moulton, 'Acre it arrived on the evening of the 13th. A depOt of provisions was established here for supplying the line of their fut.lre operations, and the service: of the requi site number of men, as axe-men, chain-hearers. instru ment-carriers, &c. " Pending these preparations, and tie time neces sarily occupied in cutting a roadway through the forest; from a convenient point on the Cal tis road to the monument at the source of the river St. Croix, a series of astronomical observations were made, both by day and by night, by which the latitude and longitude of Moulton were satisfactorily determined, and the rates of the chronometers further tested. " By the 24th of September, the roadway was suffi ciently opened to permit a camp to be established upon the experimental meridian line, traced by the United States and British surveyors in the year 1817, when an attempt was made to mark this portion of the boun \ - dary bet veep the t.ro countries, agreeable to the pro visions of the treaty of Ghent of 1815. " The provisions and camp equipage were trans ported upon a strong, but roughly-constructed sledge, drawn by horses, whilst the instruments wen) carried by hand ; the surface of country over which this road way was opened being too rough for any wheeled vehicle to pass. "'rho point decided upon as the true source of the river St. Croix, by the United States and British Com missioners appointed for that purpose, under the .sth article of the treaty of 1794, was found and identified, both by the inscriptions upon the monument erected there to mark the spot, and also by the testimony of a living witness of high respectability, who has known the locality since it was first designated by the Commis sioners under the treaty of 1791. " The avenue, which had been cleared through a dense forest from the monumeot to a distance of 12 miles north of it, by the surveyors, in 1817, was easily recognised by the new and thick gro ~ t'a of young timber which, having a width of from 40 to 50 feet, now occupied it. Axemen were at once set at work to re-open this avenue, under the supposition that the due north line would at least fall within its borders for a distance of 12 miles. In the meantime, the first as tronomical station and camp were established, and the transit instrument set up at a distance of 4,578 feet north of the monument upon an eminence of 45,1 feet above the level of its base. This position com manded a distinct view of the monument to the south, and of the whole line to the north, for a dis tance of 11 miles, reaching Park HT. Whiltt the work of clearing the line of its young growth of timber was progressing, a series of astronomical observations was commenced at this first camp, and continued both day and night without intermission (except when int3r rupted by unfavourable weather) with the sextants, the repeating circle of reflection, and the trans t instrument, until the latitude and longitude of the monument and of this first camp were satisfactorily ascertained, and also the direction of the true meridian from the said monu ment established. For this latter md purpose, several observations were in Minorls), tion ; and the the first plae.. wh ' en “ t. - .. en the polar star (lir a , r e s greatest eastern diurnal ellnga (Alpha, Unite setvation s upon starc:rre''.:e I by both north P an " d sing verified and turtiiQr u.A . on thus obtained was afterwards numerous transit oh were multiplied with cue south of altitudes, the meridian at various whose and with the aid of four ex se rates were constattly tested, cel lent chronometers,transient the zenith. These observAtions, but also by equal not only by the altitudes of the sun in the day, to correct the time a t midnight, and west stars, for correcting the of the night. " The direction of this tr ue meridian, asfound as thus esta servel aktudes of east same at vari ous h ours Commissioner, the experimen tal line traced by the blished by th e surveyors 'ra o - f y l from 817 by running in th e first place to the west of th e; ' and afterwards deviating r line, then crossing it, considerately to the east of it. " At the second principal st ition erected by th e party, distant 6 miles and 3,952 feet north of the first camp, or 7 m;l , s and 3,240 feet north of the monument, it found itself 60 feet to the west of the line of 1817. This ap peared to be the maximum deviation-to ti:e west of that line, as near as it; trace could be iticrt ficd, which oral only marked by prinanent objects recognised by the party, at the termination of each mile from the monu ment. Soon after passing this station, tie lice of 1817 was crossed, and the party did not afterwards touch it, but deviate .1 more and more to the east of it as it pro greised north, but by an irregular proportion of the dis tance advanced. " In order to obtain a correct profile or verticsl sec tion along the whole extent of this meridian line, in the hope of furnishing data for accurate comparison of e!e vations so tar as they might be considered relevant to the subject in dispute between the two Governments, and also to afford an accurate base of comparison for the barometers along the extended line, which must tra verse many ridges that wilt be objects of minute cxplo ration for many miles of lateral extent, an officer was appoiateAl to trace a line of kvvis from the b,se of f!le monument, markin g the scarce of thc: ricer Si - . CNix to water at Cal,nee. In Maine, bj - ration of the base of the monument above the planes of mean low and moan high water, and also the elevation THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY, MARCH I'4, 1841 of several intermediate points of the river St. Croix on its expanded lake surface, have been accurately aseer- tained. " Another officer was at the same time charged with tracing a line of levels from the base of the same MOnU meat, along the due-north line, as marked by the Com missioner, by which it is intended that every undulation, with the absolute heights above the plane of mean low water at Calais, shall be shown along the whole extent of that line. " At Park's Hill, distant nearly twelve miles from the monument, a second station for astronomical obser vations was established, and a camp suitable for that purpose was formed. On the 26th of October, whilst oc cupied in completing the promuls;ation of the meridian line to that point, and in estnbi.ishing a camp there, the party was visited by a snow-storm, which covered the ground to a depth of four inches in the course of six hours. This was succeeded by six days of dark stormy weather, which entirely interrupted ail progress, and terminated by a ran with a change to a milder tem perature, which cleared away the snow. During this untoward (vent the parties made themselves as comfort able as practicable in their tents, and were occupied in computing many of the astronomical and offer ob servations previously made. " On the 2d of November the weather became clear, and the necessary astronomical observations were ini medietely commenced at Park's Hill. From this ele vated point the first station could be distinctly seen by means of small heliotropes during the day, aed bright lights erected upon it at night. Its direction, with that of several intermediate stations due south of Park's Hill, was verified by a new series of transit observations upon high and low stars, both north and south of the zenith. By the same means the line was prolonged to the roith. " In one week after commencing the observations at Park's Hill the weather became again unfavourable ; the sky was so constantly overcast as to preclude all astronomical observations, and the atmosphere so thick as to prevent a view to the north, which would not permit new stations t.) be estallshed with suffic:ent accuracy in that direction. UriwTing to quit the Lbl while there was a prospect of the weather be coming sufficiently favourable for the party to reach the latitude of Mars Hai, or even proceed beyond it, it was determined that some of the patty should continue in the tents, and there occupy themselves %vita such calculations as ought to be made before quitting the Brad. The officers charged with the line of levels and with the reeonnoissgnee in advance for the selection of new positions for stations, continued their ' labours in their field, notwithstanding they m ere, fre quently exposed to slight rain and snow storms, as these portions of the work could go on without a clear sky. " On tie 13 h of November a severe snow storm oc curred, which in a single night and a portion of the fol lowing morning coveted the surface of the wbele coun try,-andthe roofs of the tents, to a depth of sixteen inches. Tire northern extremity of the avenue which Lad been cleared by the surveyors of 1817 wag now reached, aid in addition to the young growth which had sprung up since that period upon the previous part of the line, several miles had been cleared through the dense forest of heavy timber, in order to proceed with the line of levels, which had reached nearly the Meduxnakeng. • The depth of snow now on the ground rendered it impracticable to con tinue the levelling with tae requisite accuracy any far- titer ; and that part of the work was accordingly sus pended for the season. The thermometer bad long since assumed a range extending during the night, and frequently during a great portion of the day, to many degrees below the frezzing point. " The highlands bordering on the Aroostock, distant -40 miles to the north of the party, were distinctly seen from al elevated position, whenever the atmosphere was clear ; and a brig extent of intermediate ecuntry, of inferior elevation to the position then occupied, pre sented itself to the view, with the two peaks of Mars Hid rising abruptly above the geaeral surface which surrounded the:r base. The eastern extremity of the base of the e tsternmost peak was neatly two degrees of an acre, or nine-tenths of a mile in space to the west of the line as it passed the same latitude. "To erect stations opposite to the base of Mars HiP, and upon the heights of the Aroostock, in order to obtaic exact comparisons with the old line at these points, were considered objects of so much importance, as to determine the Commissioner to continue the ope rations in the field to the latest practicable period, in hopes of accomplishing these ends. Oa the 18. h (ley Of November the party suece:2ded in erecting a sta'ion opposite Mars Hill, and very near the meridian line. It was thus proved that the line woul I pass from nine tenths of a mil to one mile east of the eastern extremity of the base of the north-eastern most peak of Mars Hilt. " On the 304 r of November a series of signals was commenced to be interchanged at night betwe?.n the position of the transit instrument on Park's Hill, and the highlands of the Aroostock. These were continued at intervals, whenever the weather was sufficiently clear, until, by successive approximotions, a station was, on the 9th of . December, est iblished on the heights one mile south of that river, and on the meridian line. The point thus reached is more than 50 miles from the monument at the source of the Saint Croix, as ascer tained from the land surveys made under the authority of the S ate of Maine and Massachusetts. The men , surements of the party could not be extended b this last point, owing to the depth of the snow, which lay upon the ground since the middle of November ; but the distance derived from the land surveys must be a very near approximation to the truth. A permanent station was erected at the position established on tle Aroostock heights, and a measurement made from it. due west, to the experimental or explorng line of 1817, by which the party found itself 2,400 feet to the east of that line. " Between the Ist and 15th of December, the obser vations were carried on almost exclusively during the night, and frequently with th e t h ermometer from 0 to 10 and 12 degrees below that point by Fahrenheit's scale. Although frequently exposed to this tempera ture in the performance of tleir duties in the open air at night, and to within a few degrees of that tempera ture during the hours of sloop, with no other protection than the tent and camp beds commonly used in the army, the whole party, both officers and men, enjoyed excellent health. " During the day the tents in which the astronomi cal computations were carrie I on, were rendered quite comfortable by means of small stoves; but at night the fire would become extinguished, and the temperature reduced to within a few degrees of that of the outward air. Within the observatory tent the comfort of a fire could not be indulged in, in consequence of the too great liability to produce serious errors of observation by the smoke passing the field of the telescope. Te e astronomical observations were therefore always made in the open air, or in a tent open to the heavens at top during the hours of observation, and without a fli e. "Oa the 16th of December the tents were struck, and this patty retired from the field for the season, there being ti.en more than two feet of snow on the ground. To the unremitting zeal, amidst sevore ex posures, and to the scientific snd practical attainments of the officers, both civil and military, who served under the orders of the Commissioners on this duty, la; acknowledges himself in a great measure indebted for the progress that he was enabled to make, notwithstand ing the many difficulties encountered. " Observations were made, during portions of three lunations of the transit of the moou'a bright Hail), and of such tabulated stars as differed but little in right ascension and declination from the moon, in order to obtain additional data to those furnished by chrono metrical comparisons with t l -e meridian of Baston, for computing the loncitude of this meridian line. . . - " At the first station, 4,578 feet not CI of the mann ment, and also at the Parles Hill station, the dip of the magnetic needle was ascertained by a series of observa tions ; in the one case upon two, and in the other upon three separate needles. The horizor t J declination was also ascertained, at both these stations, 1 .1 a full set of observations upon sin different needlts. The details of these, and of all the aitronomical observations alluded to, will ha prepAred as soon as practicable for the use of tl.e Commission. should they be required. To his Excellency Major-General Sir John Harvey, K.C.8., Lieut.-Governor of the province of New Brunswick, Maj or Graham ac knowledged i himselfgreatly indebted f or h av i ng i n t h e most ob g manner extended to him every f ac ili ty within his power for prosecuting the examinations. From Mr. Connell, of Woodstock, a member of the Colonial Parliament, and from Lieut.-Colonel M‘Laugb-. lin, the British land-azeot, very kind attentions were received. " Majqr Graham has also great pleasure in acknow. of the Eastern D e p ar t men t ; C o l one l Pierce, ledginm' his obligatiot:s to General Eustis, Command an t command ing the garrison at Houlton, and to his officers; and also to M.,jor Ripley, of the Ordnance Department, corrinvinding the arsenal at Augusta, for the prompt and obliging manner in which they supplied many arti cles usetul in the prosecution of the !hours of his party. was ernetrautdrnin,:tiat b in e s e t n ru t m ol e n n e t , w i t it 3 h t w h h e ic c h ot t n h m e i ni ss e io ri l d ) in b n y line the Hon. W. A. Deer, PresP.eat of Colu m bi a College , New York, and the_ Cornruissio ncrs f ee l bound to return their acknowle;lgoi,:nts for the liberality with w hi c h th e u se o f t hi s astronor&cal instrumeat granted, to hav e . ai d perhaps impossible, procured one as well at a time when it would 1, Commissioners. ave leen difficult, " All of which is respectfully submitted. „ JAMES RE N WICK JAMES D. GRAHAM A. TALCOTT - the object. of i , Hon. suitcd to John Fors. th, Secretary State." Sir Robcrt and Lady Peel entertained the Earl and Countess ofJersey , Earl and Countess of Charlevitle Earl awl C,'nentes. cf GI f:s11, Earl cf Aberdeen, Lad; z l arall f.(pd Cunt Everlins; 1 . 11 Alut • ihrh w,,,uelei, Mr. tiud dLailitte EgLi a ce'ect patty to dinner last evening: , at their 111811, Ln in Whitehall gardens. SALFORD TOWN'S MEETING. IMFORT_DUTIES. A requisition to the Boroughrceve anti Conitablts of Salford, steel by nearly forty of the p:i'tcipal rate-pay ers, manufacturing and commercial houses connected with Salford, was laSt week presented to those authorities, re questing them to convene a public meet i ng, " to ta k e i nto consideration the Rethamentary Report upon the Import Duties of the United Kingdom, with the - it prejudicial effect upon the industry of tlt . o . country, and t o p c thi on th e Le gislature for their rev/start and repeal." En compliance with this requisition the Borougloreeve and Constables appointed a public meeting of the inhabitants of Salford, on Monday lest, in tl - :e large room of the Town Hall, Chapel-street. Amongst the gentlemen present we observed Messrs William Garnett, Holland Hoole, Thomas Bazeley, Charles Tysoe, and John Kay, Constables; E. Connell, T. Bur gess, G. P. Livingston, J. B. Wankly n , S amue l E ve . leigh, Sainucl .Satterthwaite, S. P. Robinson, Robert Gardner, Rupert Ingleby, James Looming, William Har vey, and other gentlemen. On the motion of Mr. Gar nett, seconded by Mr. T. Bazl e y, G. H, Hall, Feesi , the Boroughra eve, was called to the chair. The parties pre. sent were highly respectable com merc i a l men, of all shades of peliiienl opinion and of local politic,. Thy CHAIRMAN, in opening th e twee redings, read the requisition and .advertisement conveni,g the nyeAr.g, aed soil, be regarded the subject which had esseraled them as cf the greatest irnoortancF, riot merely in th e 'b oroug h, Litt throughout the United Kingdom, Those -gentlemen, who were connected te*h the expott trade, and were lo cally denominated " shippers," prob a bl y possessed a more intimate knowledge of the subject t h an many other in habitants ; and seven' of these gentlemen, whom he was glad t see present, would . explai n t h t i, views on this im portant question. Cert it war-, that not a man in these realms but would be benefite I by the revision of these la ws.—( Applauee. ) The veluminous Rem: rt of the Com mittee of the Howe of Commons contained a mass of evi. dence so conclusive on this question, that he hope 1 every one, who had not read that Report, would do so It was about t 9 be printed in a cheap form, so so that even the poor might have an opportunity of study ing it, and applying its disclosures personally to thetn selree—( Applause. ) Mr. J. B. WANKLYN, in movin g th e S tet reso l ut i on, said he consid ere d this to be one cf the most important subjects that could occupy the rttention palliest con nected with commerce. He would, therefore, offer a few remarks which had occurred to him in tile course if some years' practical knowledge cf the subject in the carec'ty of a British merchant—whose object niu,t he to obtain the greatest facil ty to the import of foreign - products in re turn for the manufactures of this country. ( Hear, and ap plause.) Hence he thought it self-evi.fent, that a British merchant - must be in principle and practice a strong sup porter of the principles of free trade.—( Hear.) Those principle; could not be better put than by supposing that an individual averting to get rid ef a surplus product, takes it to a foreign market, an-1 wihhes to bring back from thence the produce of teat country, to bis own, er elsewhere, ache rney think best. But the principles of fee t-ede, greueded on a basis of this ki id, it was impossiel ie the pre sent state of society throughout the world, to carry nut in their pet f.ct integrity. Many vest and confictiag ir terests had grown up, in the course of years, to I itvent the perfect ptiaciples of free trade ; nod he would merely allude to those whic'a had sprung up during the long wars in which we were e;;aget with the Co view. That war entailed upon us an enormous eleht, which, thanks to th r energies of this country, we were enabled to bear.-..and, he was satisfied, we nlwnys should be; and the expenses of that war had led t our present system of taxer, which had been enlarged from time to time es the debt increased. Coniequantly, after a pe,ce for the last twenty-five year-, we had a seal • of cast ma duties, of the most incongruous character, upon I e:ween 1,100 ar.d1,200 a-ticks ; aid of the gross amount of revenue they pro duced, about 23 mill ens stetting, 11 arsie'c.s out of the 1,152 produced no less an amount than 21,500 000/ , and the reanainieg 1,141 produced only one million and a half.. He ir, hear.) It was self evident, therefore, that the duties on this great number of articles, which produced so little to the revenue, ought at once t> be saept away, as the celleeti ni cf revenue thereon must cost more than the net amount coliected.—( Hear, hear.) He found that our population, which we were toll was over burthened with taxation, paid as duty for luxuries, as h, considered spirits, wine, and tobacco, no less than eight millions sterling ser annum. He admitted that a great number dour working men did not possess the comforts we Wished them to have ; but reduction of the duties on a number ef these articles, and the general revision of our tariff, would enable us to give the working chases full e eploymeet, and to get Irreiga produce at a reasonable rat-.—(Applause.) He would merely ret du sw h a duty as would pay the rat male, and ensure tie safety of the Sta . e ; while, on the other hand, ho would introduce such an amount of foreign products as would enable the poor man to get a full reward far his labour. Ile believed one great barrier to amy alteration in our customs dutiea, had been created on the one hand, by the colonial interests, on t.e other by what were celled the interests of humanity and philanthropy in this country. Tee colonial or West India interests were so jealous, that they had usel every means in their power to prevent the iegelature adrehting any articles which the West Indies [reduce, from other countries, except at ershibitory duties. The attention of the legislature pal b"en drawn to this matter, and, last w. ek, Mr. Labouchere had made a mieien with a seew to remove many of the obstacles existing i i the way of a re vision of our customs dui ice, viz.—to allow the init,b'tlnts if the West Indies t a impor: salt fish, staves, and other articles required fir the produc, and exit a, t of sugar and colic-, from the he,t and cheape-t markets in the world, The West IneLans, having uttained this prisilege, surely could not refuse us a simper one—chit of going for our sugar and coffee to the 'cheapest markets.—(Hear.) A circumstance mentioned by Mr Labouche,e showed the recessity of [Teel(' getting enlarged ideas on these sub jects. In 1732, our commercial policy was so narrowed, that we would not allow any country, not even a portion of our own colonies (and Ireland was then • called a colony of England), to have any commercial intercourse with the West Indies. Bat it pleased the Legislature of that day, finding that Ireland could send salted provisions cheap to the West ludic=, to allow ves sels with such cargoes to clear out in Ireland, direct for the West Indies. This frightened the people of England so much, that petitions were got up and very numerously signed, praying that this indulgence sh ou ld not b e a ll owed if to Ireland; adding, thatit were, the po r t o f Li verpoo l wool ! again be reduced to its pristin e insignificanc e— ( Hear) Ireland was allowed to export to the West In eiea, and what was the state of Livt rpo o l now ? H e h a d no doubt that, so far from a revision of the ta , iff militating against our colonial interests, the West Indians would., in a few years, thank us for extentli g our commerce. As to the philanthropic interest, who were determined, as far as their influence went, to oppose the import or consumption, in this country, of the produce of slave labour, while their principles were to be admired, we A should not lose sight of the practic effects of these p u r t i t ri c c ti i o p n le o e f thTehemrcesoto India and the philaetrophic :ice was, that by the con jinte- rests, the English labourer v.a 3 prevented o bt a i n i ng hi s coffee, angle, &e., at the prices et which to could get them, if allowed to go to the cheapest market..—( Heir.) Why, se had allowed the slave-grown co tt on o f t h e i United States to come nto this country, in competition " We won't use American produce mi l of slave labour." Yet to :11.3 Island of with that from the East Indies,. Brazil, and the Mediter ger Etc:, cotton, bee yet luensseo further, o i t n ar s e te r Cubs, and there, though there was al overwlelrreug quantity of sugar and Coffe-, we were told that those articles must not be uractherofnaet,hcoacsrldni ht as well say t o u s, brought to England, because . they w ere th e pro d uce o f had h ties p it a; e -i i a our t s i l , a e v i e o h u e r. , r N s V o la y t . n mills, of the injuries inflicted on those who work in them, that our rnanufactorLs w ere Juggern auts w hi ch swept away our population, destroying their constitutions, and that tic-. body could live in a cotton mill; and that, therefore, on ac count of these horriale atrocities, our yarns and manufac tured goods should not be introduced into other countries. But, leaving that part of the subject, he would conic to the consumption of sugar in this cornier:. Ti it article stood at Ilia head of our customs duties, producing, in 1840, a dv.ty of 4,800,0001 Ile would show how a reduc tion of the duty would increase, as :t had increased, the cor aurription of sugar. Taking the average from 1814 to 1525, the annual consumption of sugar in this country had In e i somethi g less than 160,000 tons. From 1826 to 1831, the consumption had increased to 207,000 tons per era num ; and, since 1831, in conseque•ace of this I urge cou sumption overtaking the production of:the West ladies, it bad reached its maximum; we had never exceeded an import of 207,000 tons, though our popubei , n had gicatly increased, and our capaci:y and inclination to uce sugar had correspondingly increased. Iu 1840, the consume. tiara of sugar was only 170,000 tors—offering a striking contrast to the consumption of cotton, which had gone on increasing, and, he t listed, would soil finer ase. The pries of sugar r ise as the supply from the West Indies became Linked, and then the consumpi an eked:dial:ed. If sugar could be brought here from the cheapest markets, the consumption could probably he near `.;00,000 tons at this moment,; while this it:creased demand would open markets t a an increased consumption of our manufactures mig ht he told manufactures.__( Applause.) ) H.,i nterests of Government was not sufficiently ails eto the intereata of the people, or they would never have allowed the con. sumption to retrograde front 0 00,000 to 170,000 tons ; but we knew that the confuting irate' eats to which he had alluded, p revente d G ov e rnm ent doing whet they would—prevent e d th em f rom t a king up and dis posing of these questi ons on t h e i r ow n merits.—( Hear.) Some well.meankg people might say this snowed that the country was overburthened with taxes ; but he said it showed no su c h thi ng , an d be should like to see any other country us i ng as sugar (notwith standing her taxatio n ) as E ng l an d. In France, where people were said to li ve so c h ea p and to have every luxury, and wit% a pop u l a ti on f ar l a rger than ours, the annual consumption of sugar was only 100,000 tons, or just half the amount consume] in Englund. - Ihe whole consumption of Eurcp o aas no mor e than 375,000 tons of sugar; so that, out of 600,000 tons of sugar consumed, we tee.l 200,000 tons. Thi s was rho proof of our bei ng from 1801 with ta xa ti on . Th e n, a s to ccif:c. 1801 to• 1820, he believed the duty on that• of West Ind " growth was la. 6d. p er lb. W e were then sery smelt, consumers ; coffee was regarded as a luxury, and the coe sumption was considered great. - when it reached 1,?00 tons. About 1821 the duty was reduced to ls.. perb., which had the eff e ct o f in creas ing the consumptionfrom 1,000 to between 2,000 and 3,000 tons. It went on at 7t that duty . till the annual consumption was about reduced tons, in 1825. In that year the duty wes again d to 6d, a lb., or one-half the former amount, and be wished that Government would take that as a guide by which'b to reduco the duties on other articles. The consump tion of coffee then gradually increased from _3 . ,. to to 10,000 or 11,000 tons, and it had now reached i . tsmaati s mum, as the West Indies could not produce morn ; .an had raised tlis increased demand aro! limited stipple' tles price e,.ern 5 0 ~.t0 60 ,, t he cwt, to about. le f os,, so anea ues were t h e peop l e o f this country to have cc ce, The West Indies could not produc • e enough, and we had gone to the East Indies for it; and Government as beeu ' obliged to admit of an absurd mode or evading the law, by sending slav,e-griewh tette round the Cape of Good Elora to purify it, and then it came into this country well washed and cleansed from all the stain of slave labour. Mr. Garnett suggested to him to elucidate. the subject by his own knowledge of its efreets in di6erent parts of the werld with which tea was connected as a merchant; but he thought such a plan was not prudent : he should he told be was seeking, like the West India planter?, to protect iris own interests ; instead of which, his object was to promote the ieterest of the country at laree, by following out the true pciaciples of free trade in all their integrity. —( Applause.) We were told, with a degree of emphasis which did make its impression, that the increased manufac timee of the Continent showed the dangerous state into which the Government had allowed this country to be plunged. NOW, he thought i. showed no auch . thing : it only showed, that Continental nations being at peace, and increat ing their populadon, and naturally seeltiog for the means of employing them, commenced manufacturing, and he wished them joy of it. The ineretse of manufactures on the Continent afforded no proof of the retrograding of manufactures here, bit only showed that countries at peace must find the means of employment for their po pulation. He conclutit dby moving the first resolution. Mr. WILLIAM ATKINSON, in seconding it, sail, l'e bad received a letter that morning from a cerrespen dent in London, on the subject of the sugar duties, from which he reed the following extract:— " You will observe that the disces,i on in the House of Commons last night did not take the turn we ex pected. But there is much une , sisess on t!,e part of the British Colonial intcretts. Some of the principal Bengal merchants have been to Government to repro_ seat the injury to be eraduced in that country by any practical admission of fore'gn sugars for consumption here; to which we hear the answer was—t• Show us that such injury - will arise, and we ei I pay due attention to your communicatien.' Agair, the West India interest are getting up strong memorials, and, I believe, intend to show that a reduction to 20v. on Colonial, and 30e. for all other sugars, as recommended before the Commit'ee on Import Dutiee, wou'd not extend the consumption so far as to • protect the revenue, much less to lea ease it. Our own teief still is, if Ministers should have to make tee proensal, they could not carry it against the combiea- Sion of East and West India interests, and the. Anti-sla very Seidel." If Government listened to particular or individual into reds, th would do what was very wrong; fee thought the Leeidature ought to look to the gencrw welfare of the country, and be appeared there because the subject was deeply important to the interests of the working classes. A friend ef h.s at P,rnambuco, a short time ago, made him a present of a email b mrel of sugar; and when he (Mr. Atkinson) came to see. 'ha cost of it, he found that, aqhough a present, it cost him 81. per lb.—( Hear, bear) _whei els if he bad lean a Dutchman, German, or Bel gian, it would rot have cost him more than 3d. per lb. He mentiore f this to show, that our libouring classes might gs : t sugar for 3 '. for nhifit they were paying 9j. r er lb.-- (Hear, hear.) This as a s,reat evil ; and if we could re ceive the produce of any c onstry in return for our manu factures, it would benefit us al t a great extent. He felt se strongly on the subjet t, that he felt it to be the duty of every one connected with tl is large manufacturing dis trict, to use his utmost exertions to induce the Legisla ture to alter our t stiff; and he should be gl:d to sec the clergy of all denominations petitioning for this on the ground and score of humanity alone.__( Applause.) Mr. War. GARNETT,. although he had heel sepera'ed from the int reentle tram amiens of this neighbourhood for some years, yet as one who had, bees actively and exten sively engaged in the commerce of this country for a period of teirty years, he hot e 1 be should not intrude by offer ing some observati :us upon the resolutions and the pro-- ceediegs of the day.—(Arplaus-.) He thought a more important subject could !welly come before the whole corn me cial community cf the country. He believed that pro. viously to the investigations of the Parliamentary Corr-, mitten, it was not genera ll y k nown what was the rial and true condition of Lust system of tariff duties which had now been ia force for some years, and how injuriously ti ey were affecting fse industry and commerce of the cauntiy. Ilsvmg read an extract from the first - part of tte Committee's Repo-t, which, be said, was now pub lished in a cheap form, Mr. Garrett said that in 1815 a most unnatural and unjust system of legislation with refer ence to the commerce of this country s,as introduced, the avowed object of which was to promo c and advance the interests cf the prods': ers of food, without reference to the consumers. —(Great applause.) The effects of that system were predicted at the time by the most distin guished statesmen of the day ; but such predictions, though since fuTaled, were derided by those for whose advantage this send :m of in was introduced. And when, after a long war, pease succee led, he recollected that we did exper:ence a per itd of great prosperity, anti were re minded that the fesrs which had led te these predictions were altogether unfounded ; and it was sai J, that the ef fect if prose !anti would be most beneficial to the country. But this prosperity was during the time that manufactures wet e being established in other countries, and it was in the very nature of things diet at first manufactures were slow in tseir progress. It wae net that the mischief hal not been engendered, but because the evil effects had not been ex perienced to that extent who made it injurious to the corn merc.al iuterests, that we seemed then to enjoy prosperity unae- this system. The Mancleater Chamber of Commerce from tme to time petitioned against the exclusion of food; other parts of the country petitiouol, and the effect was to substitute for prohibition a permission to import ; hut thst permisti ra WA& so clogged with restrictions and duties, that it was tittle less obnoxious than total prohibi tion, and this system continued up to this hour, ottea sional'y, from time to time, causing great derangements in our monwary system, and introducing incalculable evils into the country.—(Applaute. ) He would not touch farther on this qua:sill), which had so much agitated the . country ; he die not wish to create agitation upon any subject, but to come to a unanimous vote, and show the I Legislature we were fully sensible of the injury He Sus tained under the present system of tariffduties, and to press upon the Legislature the necessity of calmly deliberating how far alterations might be carried out, to the benefit of all classes of her Majesty's subjects.—( Applause ) The time a as arrived when we should apply ourselves zealously and dot redly to this quesilons always bearing in mint golden rule, to do unto others as we would they - should do unto us. If that principle were adhered to, we might row he receiving the produce of other countries in exchange for our manufactures, without detriment to any existing interests in thin country, which he contended ought to have a fair and reasonable protection. What, then, was our course ? To retrace our steps in legislation, and have more regard to the consumers, ev,iiing exclusive legislition for any particu- Isr party.—(Applause.) After adverting to the emigre tiers of skilted artisans from this cowry, the cause of which, he said, it was the duty if the Legislature to inves tigate, Mr. Garnett next asksd—Why do we see the phy sica'-'osee men up and down the country ready to break out into open rebellion, but because the evil has come to the home of every mart; Lecause it was no longer to be disguised that other countries had become mantOacturers, more be would say from necessizy than choise, because we would not take iheir produce? 113 felt satisfied that, under a bet'er system, every healthy honest man, willing to work, might support his wife and family in comfortable subsistence; and, if this could be accomplished, was it not the best means of geting (pit t.f the Guardians cf the. Poor-law, and of reducing Poor rates? tinder a batter system we should, in a great measure, destroy the necessity of Poor-laws altogether," and give our attention to those who were at all times objects of distress, the aged, impotent, infirm, and those who really could not maintain themselves. If that chaege could he brought about by a cliff:treat system of legislation, we should hear no complaining in our streets, but see the people uniecd and happy, and our Gracious Queen feigning over a united, loyal, and happy people.—( Applause.) CAMPIIELL, the Chartist, then came forward, and asked the Boroughreeve to tell him why the meeting was called for the morning, whoa the working classes could act at tend it The BOROUGIIREEVE said, it was considered better to call is is the morning. Every gentleman present had, doubtless, engagements elsewhere ; but the morning was found the most convenient time ; and asl.3ng as he had the hen ,ur cf being I3 , roughreevo, he should call every public meeting is the morning.—( Applause.) CAMPBELL ra;d, that the ss-orkicg classes might now perceive Oat there wag no sympathy whatever fir them amongst the middle and upper classes.—.(No, no.) He then entered into a ~ tatcrnent of the exports of cotton goods, and etc prices for weaving in cLfferent years; con tending th:lt, as the exports increased, the conditi in of the working classes got worse. lie said that the operatives were not free to get employmont, but were d‘4enciert upon the caprice, tyranny, insolence, and villainy of the employers. The CHAIRMAN said, he would not permit any one to use such langusge. CANtreELL then withdrew, after protesting against the proceedings in tic name of the working classes, and the motion passed with one er two aliseentient hands. Mr. HOLLAND Hoona said, if he had consulted his per sonal feelings, the serious indisposition of one of his children would have prevented his appearing at the I meeting; but he could not allow a meeting of this im portance to Salford to pass over, without coming for ward es one who had a great interest and stake in thP.. town, to express his very strong opinion upon the sub ject which had brought them together. It was about four years since that we began to experience a tcrrihle decline in our trade, and that pressure had continued, be yond all precedent, to the present time. He spoke as a producer, a class which often suffered, while the merchant obtained remuneration for his capital and labour. All that Mr. Huskisson Leld so truthfully prognosticated had come to pass ; and, although the vast resources of our wealth had protracted the time, the crisis was now arrived when we must have an alterati-m, or our commerce would I e for ever ruined. He had on many occasions sp - oken ' strongly against the present Cern-laws, nor was he ashamed of anytning he said ; but he h a d not sai d anything half so strong as Mr. J D. Hume, who happened to Co a Tory.---( Hear, hear.) 11.• was glad Mr. Garnott had taken up this question, which was not thoroughly under stood even in Salford yet. He did not blame the Le gisla'ute or the Gout:crime:it for the present sta-c of our commercial I:gislation; if wr, trio commercial and manufactutirg interests., It t the thing sleep from year to jelr, we could not justly blame them for neglect. The treaty with Brazil would expire in about two years, and we must then either c , ..msent to take their sugar and coffee, or they would lsy prohibitory duties upon our goods.—( He Ir.) They were our best customers for cot ton manufactures sent to Brazil by our rneecha:tt, who re ceived sugar and coffee in return, but who were com pelled, instead of bringing these articles to us, who want them, to send them to the Continent to be sold. A Liverpool gentleman, in his evidence before the Parlia mentary Committee, said, that, instead of sending coffee to the C a p e o f G ood Hope, he would recommend Go vernment to allow it to be sent three times round Ireland. —(Laughter.) A gentleman in the Manchester Chamber of Commerce, other day, had made a declaration wi:ieb he (Mr. 1Lole). lass. to be true, that mill pro petty now tv4s not worth ha'f what it was it few years ego. If his ( Mr. floole's) mill was ready . to start, be greatly feared that it "void still be for his interest to suspend its operations rather than reeommenee,—(Hear.) These were appalling facts, and ought to be taken up by the pub :ic at large ; for every individual in the realm was deeply interested.--(Applause.) In conclusion he tweed the Mr. T. &man, a past floroughrceve of Salford, said, with a very few calm, dispassionate observations, he de sired to second the motion. In the Parliamentary Report upon Import Duties it was very pithily stated, that the tariff of the United Kingdom presented neither unity nor congruity of purpose__a declaration which, in his of Wee, ought to be inscribed and worn as a phylactery upon every man's front, till these discriminating inconsistencies were entirely removed from our commercial statutes.—( Hear.) While in arms, in science, and in the arts of peaceful in dustry, we had earned numerous splendid trophies and car ried out great improvements, if we looked at our civil poii than, at our commercial legislation, there reproach awaited us; there self-interest and ignorance had prevailed, and thence had sprung those wrongs that we now sought to have redressed. Our colonies had very greatly ember ressed the course of commercial legislation. The protec tions, restrictions, and prohibitions with which they had surrounded us, had led. he feared, to a rivalry of which we should long feel the effects. By erotecting our colonies, we had done injustice to others, and driven them to be come our manufacturing rivals. But how far were our colonies customers for our manufactures? They had pro tections on their produce front 50 to 500 per cent. The West Indians were a body of individuals about a million in number ; and, during the last year, we had paid them an excess cf price, beyond w} at we could have purchased the same articles for elsewhere, of not less than four mil lions sterling—( Hear, hear)—twenty-four millions of people had paid to one million four millions sterling snore than they need have paid, if our ports were free for article to come in from other parts of the world.— (Hear, brae.) Yet our colonists only tool from us one-fourth of our whole exports. If ere looked at the produce of taxation arising out of the foreign trade of the country, we should sea that nearly half the revenue proceeds from the customs duties, and that our manufacturing industry alone supplies the whole amount of exports by which this very sum of half the re venue was brought into the country. The cotton manu factures formed one-half of all our exports ; and hence it was clear, that our cotton manufactures con teieuted one-fourth to ell the esigeneies of the State.— ( Hear.) There were employe 1 is the cotton manufac tures about two millions of the people, who were, therefore d'rectly b:isging into the customs revenue something like ten millions sterling, yet they were subject to the bread tax, and every other home tax, and he would say, that, if the rest of the people of the United Kingdom at large contributed to the revenue in the same ratio, our ia venue would not be less than 100 millions sterling per an num.—( Ilea-.) Let the industry of the country, then, fee, ly bring hete whatever they can get in exchange for their labour, and let fiscal regulations only, not protection and favouritism, determine the amount of duty to be ex acted.—( Hear.) As to the operation of these restrictive dunes upon the colonies themaelve-, he might mention that fc reien rice was subject to a duty of about lid. per lb, or 15e par cast., while colonial rice paid only is. per cwt. ; and i i a period of searc'ty, tha colonists, whose chief sup port was rice, had actually to be brought ietoa starting con dition before it became the interest of our merchants to take rice there from other markets. As to the oneretian of our duties upon raw materials, mahogany was taxed 200 to 300 per cent., while manufactured articles of mahogany m'ght be imported from the Continent of Europe at this time, at a duty of 20 per cent. There were waiele uses at Hull filled with continental furniture of superb make, wh:ch cauld be bought at a cheaper rate than in M , nchtster.—( Hear.) Was not this absurd that our artisaus here could not produce articles as cheap as those bought from the Continent of Europe? He had shown that we pay the West Indies an excess of four mil lions sterling a year; yet our exports of manufactures to the West In: its were only four millions sterling annu ally ' • so that v rtually we mak e th em a p re s e nt o f all the goods we send them.— ( Hear, h: a•.) Yet we saw the de mand for _our manufacturing industry diminishing day by day. We came here to ask for the renand of our Indus try; he trusted the . demand for it would re:erberree .throughout the land; and that we should never cease calmly delis rately, and peacefully, but strenuously, to de mand justice ti:l are obtain it.--(Applause.) Connected with humanity, he believed the commercial policy of the country had had a right-handed tendency to increase el very, while the law was intended in a left-handed man ner to suppress it He trusted tha', in traohraeiag the principles of free trade, we were promoting the general princi, des of freedom to mankind, an d uns h ac kli ng t h e slave in evey part of the world. He would say-- " Free as the waters of the ocean, Ile man is every clime and nation Free as the light and winds of heaven, To man be all earth's bounties given."--( Applause.) Mr. ROBERT GARDNER, in supporting the resolution, said it was most outrageous and inconsistent that, whi!e we Icaird only 243. duty upon .colonial sugar, we should levy 665. upon foreign sugar, which amounted to a prohibi ion. He (Ms. Gardner) was a manufac turer and shipper; he manufactured cloth, and shipped t to Brazil, getting sugar in return. Suppose he called to him the man who had woven the cloth, showed him the sugar, and said, " Here is what I have g 4 in return fir your labour (by which jou don't live, but ' j ust contrive to keep alive); tlii; auger has cost lid. a lb." Perhaps he would say, " Oh, master, let me have some of that." He ( Mr. Gardner) might reply, " No, this is not for you, tins is fur the [lacks in the West Ic dies. This must he refiaed in bond, sal then he shipped for the West Indies; and the blacks there are absolutely usieg alteg. ther the slave-grown sugar c.f Bfazil and other countri •s, which is supplied to them at 41,1. to el. per lb. "— s . Head ) In consequeece of our restrictive sys tem, the West Indian Links can get our double-refined white sugar at less per lb. than they can sell us their commonest brown sugar—so coarse that you could hardly say whether it was molasses or sugar.—( Hear, hear.) n his opinion we never could entirely suppress slavery so long as we grant any protection to cur West Indian cole lasts.— (Hear, hear.) Referring to Gun ey's " Winter Jam:ica," Mr. Gardner quoted a statement of Mr. Na thaniel Gilbert, to the effect that, since emancipation, the molasses on his estate alone sal paid - the whole of his wages and expenses; and his estate was now worth more money without the negroes than before it was with them. lie showed that land in that island had increased in value acme double, some two-thirds, and some two-thirds and three-quarters ; so that by and bye the very high prices of land would be quoted against us, as a reason or excuse for protection.—( Hear.) It appeared to-him, that our Go vernment would rather levy 61. a lb. out of one pound of sugar than let the poor man have 31b. where he now got one, and still receive the same amount of revenue. He was not for an unconditional repeal of the Corn-laws, be cause certain interests had arisen; but, if a modified scale could he agreed to, it would tend greatly to increase our consumption of food, would benefit the condition of the working classes, and would be beneficial also to the landed interest.=( Hear, from Mr. Garnett.) Mr. Gardner con cluded by reading an extract from the Report of the Man chester Chamber t f Commerce on imoort duties, to the fleet, that we were paying seven miltiona per annum to the West Indies for the privilege of salting them products to the value of th ee millions. The CHAIRMAN then put the resolution, wl ich passed unanimously. Mr. JAMES HALL, junior (3 past Borcughreeve sf Selfo-d 1, moved the next resolution, and expressed his gretification at havieg witnessed two meetings within a wse!t, at which gentlemen of widely-ditrering politics, principle:. and interests, combined for the common, ge neral, and beneficial interest of rll.—( Applause.) He • regre:ted very much the operation of the Corn-lews on tee working eassee., whose condition he should like to ee much mere. alleviated ; and he did hope, crc long, to ace something {lone to this end.—( Applause.) Mr. R. P. LIVINGSTON said the subject of the Corn laws (in the resolution) seas one of so much importance, and the cruelty and oppression resulting from them bad been so gre at, that he dared not trust himself to (Nei on :he subject, lest hia feelings should overcome his judg ment ; and he would, therefore, merely second the rese- In jar , . It passed unanimously. Mr. WM. HARVEY, in moving the adoption of a pet'- , den eetered into a review of the history of the Corn hws of 1815 and 1828. In 1515, when the average pric • of wheat per quarter, on the Continent, did not exceed 28e er 295., the asistocracy, in order to get their high rents from the farmers, made us pay 70s. per quarter.—( Hear, heir.) Ile remembered a race!ing beiog held about that time in the Manor Court room, where a petition was as'mi tad, praying that the Biil might not pass. At that time there was great apathy on the subject in the mi idle classes; and the mass cf the labouring classes were al most the only movers; but now the case was vary diffe rent —the middle classes, perceiving tat t their property was going out of their hands, had come forward, but the lsbowiag classes were holding back (though admitting 'hat it Was right el get the Corn-laws repealed), because they wanted Annual Parliaments, Utiversal Suffrage,'and Vote by Ballot, as the grand panacea for all the evils teat hez,e':, this country._(Heer, bear.) If they would .only put their shoulders to the wheel, he believed, we should get rid of the Corr-laws within twelve months. He Was aware that the condition of the labouring classes had been sinking lower and lower, a strong reason why they sheen seek for a repeal of the Cern-laws, and a more equitable adjustment of our import duties. He concluded by moving the adoption of the petition, which he read, and which was received with great applause. Mr. SAMUEL EVELEIGII seconded the motion, expressing his opinion that the commerce of this and every other country should be as free as the air we be the. Mr. R. J. RICHARDSON said, Mr. Hai vey had asked why the working classes did not now join the middle classes. It was because Mr. Greg had injudiciously let s li p , and it had flown like wild-fire throughout the coun try, that the object of getting the repeal of :ha Corn-laws was to reduce wages that we might compete with foreign manuracturers. That was the idea prevalent: he was not going to justify the idea in any way ; but it was tie gene ral idea, that it was intended tr get c rn cheap, in order that wages might he reduced, so as to erred ; cur manu facturers to compete with those ebsoad, Mr. HARVEY wished to disabuse the mind of Mr. Hi. chard en, who, with the Ch artists generally, was mud) mistaken, if he thought the repent cf the Core-laws would le:ye the effect of reducing the pries of labour. He would refer Mr. Richardson to 1822, when provisions were per haps et their lowest psi e daring the last forty years, and there was a period of great commercial prosperity; our manu:actures were extending; the peeple generally throughout this country acre in full employment, aid re ceiving wages far higher than what they now get. H:s firm conviction a as, that, it the Corn-lava were repeal, d t morrow, instead of wages lei g we should have increased orders and increased demand for labour, and consequently wages would rise as tat demand increased.—(Applause.) \Vbocv r had said that wages would be diminished by the repeal of the Corn-laws, said what was not true. The effect c f their repeal would be, that we should get corn from the Continent, and cause it to rise in price there, so as to bring it to something. like an eqeality with the price here. The Sae e . price a l most would be paid for food in Corres.ny and Po.aesi irk !11L country, if we had a free import of cora without clutfj The farmer would have protection eno gh by the &tier- _EVENING _ _ ), d ue* doe ence in price caused by the cost of transit , flu id commission, and other eherges of importing, whick at enhlnce Vie price of continental corn here 10E. a 4 , 1 10 0 d leas!. That would be sufficient protection; and whY y i r he seek . a protecting duty of 725. a quarter? no 0, r rage rice of grsin on the Continent, for the las t fewyo, * was about 319. 101 a quarter ; but in 1815 it was la I. at 28% a quarter, and by the Corn-laws passed i n tb. , year and 1828, the labourer here was now made to b: eid et twice the pricele would pay if corn were adritte" free. He tht refore entreated Mr. Richardson, and all 4 ;: had influence with the working classes, to join in P i t t : fi r these accursed laws repi algid ; and many things woula low for which Mr. Richardson was an advocate. 0114 the people could have intelliirence iren them, and al ( he taught the best mode of ohtainirg the end they so u g h ho was sure they would not get what they so earnestly de sired. Mr. LIVINGSTGN would put it to Mr. Richardson and Mr d • Campbell how it could be, when lahour was much vit ae tba. it should fall in price ? Everybody knew when am:Ater had to look far hands was not the t me to reduce vog eg i Richardson—" But machinery supplies the place ° manual labour."] Then if all the machinery i n the cou ntry were to be stopped, would that advance the wages of the labourer ? He was quite sure that there was n o sdvantsge ether to masters or the community from reducing wag e. —.( Applause.) The peti:ion was adopted unanimously, and it na tion solved that it should be presented by Joseph B rothe Eq., he Member fo th ) borouh. Mr. t C.'Tysoe, the Senior Cungstable, was called to the Cheir ; and Mr. CHAkLTON moved a vote of thanks to the /MIT; rities for convening the meeting, and espec iall y to tl- Boroug scam dehreeve, for his impartial conduct in the chair. Mr. J. DRACUP d the motion, which passed ace nimously ; and the Proceedings then terminated, at .ck. THE CLIQ OE OF MIDDLESE MAGISTRATES NOTICE IS HEREBY that an applica.ion intend; to be made to Parliament in the next Session, fa leav e at bring in a Bill to authorise an interchange of pristine O n d the 'louse of Correction fr.r t::e county of INliddlesex la the Weaminater Bridewell, the by:faking oP of the es of blishment of the New Prison at Cler.o:nwell , of the site and materials thereof and the ar lineation o.f precemis in aid of the 'county rates, andin:dciV4. ;,( r trf vision out c f the county rates for ThP meat 6- 1 f the to the Chtirrnau cf he General and Quarter Sc' ti t the Pca'e for the said county, And of retiring Provisi°: for some the cffic2rs of the seid New Prison ; v e- to d poser the Justices cf ibe Peace for the said cotiottioo coron encc their Sessions durirg term, and to ioe,l t „ t er si-h came powers at their General as at their "u"ob• Sessions ; and far other purposes connected with the jccts above speciacd. Dated this 31st day of Octnt e-, 1840. (Si 6 nei) ALLEN, GYLBY, and ALLEN' Carlisle-street, Sob", Solicitors for the intended 131" PETITION FOR BILL. To the Honourable the Commons of the United Kiog de 7f o r The humble petition of several of the Justices of the Yea c the county of Middlesex. of S be Showeth,—That from the magnitude of the business of General and Quarter Sessions of the Peace for the coi' s ' u eli Middlesex, and for the purpose of securing at all titres s e yo ur Sessions their proper dignity and weight, it appear s s c e,„,oo petitioners to be expedient that the Chairman of such that should be a Barrister-at-law of practical experience, an,`,` his permanent services should be secured by a salary to P e ' t , to to him out of the county-rate of the said county, adeclna the important duties of his office. That it would tend to facilitate the proceedings neral and General Quarter Sessions of the Peace for the e we re county if the Justices of the Peace for the said oon n .7 or iod empowered, not only to continue to hold (as now au G eorge by an Act of the 32d year of his late Majesty King 0 son the Third), but also to begin to hold their Sessions _tor after the essoign day of any term, or during the sitting :boo Majesty's Court of Queen's llnch at Westminster or els e in the county of Middlesex. ye ° if' Your petititioners, therefore, humbly pray that lean be given to bring in a Bill for ffecting the purposes aw ura bio under such regulations and restrictions as to this goo n Ifowe shall seem meet. Charles Forbes, Bart., J. P. James Clithero, J. P. C. Augustus Tulk, J. P. Henry Pownall, J. P. George Forbes, J. P. of the ssieei Edward Orme, J. P. Arthur Smith, J. P. Thomas Russell. James Whisken Montague Dand Scott, J. P. Alexander Annand. J. M. Strachan. Samuel Hoare. Benjamin Edward Halo William 13. France, J• Charles Devon. John J. Hansler, J P• John Garford. ft George Bague, R. N. J • Charles Turner. F. P. Walesby, J. P. how follng are the provisions of the Bill : I. Magistrates may appoint a Chairman of Gene ral apo General Quarter Sessions. 2. No new nomination to the office to be rerinanenct' made and confirmed at a General or General Quarter ?e;000/. 3. Justices may settle the salary of such Chairman at to per annum. 4. Chairman of Middlesex Sessions, in certain ca se " officiate as Chairman of Westminster Sessions. it hottel b 5. Justices may begin any Session of the Pea 3 term may have commenced. 6. Expences of this Act. 7. Public Act. THE EASTERN QUESTIO 00 110 ( The questior a asked on the 12th inst. in the --ft and tl ° Commons on the Eastern question, and the a, e rp t llr ° exp'anations of Lord Palmerston form the staple °,',i - to ris% in all the French journals of T ue sday. The I °"" r eeSs extracts from them will convey to English readers' e° idea of the spirit in which they arc written :-- The (Currier Francais says:— t a to " The hatti-scheriff was, without doubt, Sllgg • t , c per r ' the Pore; England took the , leading and the ac k ti • c i doss The Powers bad no other motive in what they tit bort . ' than to lay a bait for France. if France disarm , tu shit ditary right will be granted to Mehemet Ali; il fa Z as will be withheld. To effect the desired resu lt ' hat to Me ternich puts himself forward as a mediat or; speak frankly, if we had to choose between the 0° of Lord Palmerston and the interested advances et, 4 hint Metternich, we should prefer of the two ese alat iseigi / who does not cbnceal his basl intentions. The • tbe Government would act very unwisely in acceptlngrieer overtures which are held out to it. It has only t 0 r ielst the Powers to their own declarations. Heredittllo6; was promised to. Mehemet Ali by the Treaty of allJoise• let those who signed the Treaty execute their Ptio be r If they do not, the shame which will cover th ern equal to that which followed the partition of Follows ' u ,i,g have no interest in presenting them from dis be°° themselves." he seP r The Quotidienne quotes the second article o f t- noises rate act of the Treaty, which says " His Highness to grant to Mehemet Ali, for him and his des cen t ... a pt; line direct, the Government t f tee Pacbalic of and then %rgues let° " The words ' in line di cot' were net inserted ff e D OI Motive; the words in order of primogeniture' vie. i r o leo added. This is perfectly true ; but did Mehemet MI pot t 0 he accepted the treaty, contemplate the suit is; say fraud, which the Quotidienne supposes to have w i s act • tended by the introduction of the word ie lines m die teff As regards the clause in the heti-set criff, iater of 0 111 the Paclia from the nomination of his officers befa°ooo grade ef Lieutenant, the Quotidienne quotes Art' ", shal t separate Act of the T; eat e. hs land and sea for ce d the always be considerel as kept up for t'ac service 0 toman empire." The National concludes a violent article by eta v estion "In all this affair, hews ver, there is reed' y n on p, ,.1 ` either of the Sultan or the Turkish empire. e n b ese t merstcn lies to himself, as he lies to the world,wb en sbe Ot to throw the responsibility of the hatti-scheriff of k eels February on the powerless Abdul- Medjid, and 13 , 19 if shl ewt il ox l i i lii n site i bs s r,e te tcih r to s ewiis,reso T ohnfil u pjt r ,sh k e e a y finrd i m s t n ah noe nominally. o riger her own mistres s '. le' c s f o l L t d h i c e e t r s t he Sultan. d Allies cot' Th ie r . oli6o l , we s then be no necessity even for p rotest on the part ° l f too hemet Ali, and the Sultan w ould consider hic t t e e s 0 0 : happy in being able to purchase his own security eais si price of all the rights and privileges for which /11. • might deign to apply." ecal ° The Prcsse alluding to the demand for the r just Lord Ponsonby, says : '' To us the' declaration which Lord Palmerston ltssreicall made in Parliament is much more important than tr e iy lc of Lord Pensonby. It binds England much more c, ° The the eyes cf Europe than the recall of an indisidc, ll ,,', di t' conduct of Lord Ponsonby has already once ° ° -1 11 1 Ot si ',ewe', without his being recalled, and the disso" t° the de • h net the less efficacious on that account. We gnu arito d,cree of decheance, which was suggested by the,' o l 111 0 Ambassador, and revoked on the formal d em ean % pee- Erg;ish Cat iaet. This precedent proves that Ler c u n wog sonby is, after all, only a subaltern, who lo t lie . n e protected by powerful friends against (Te n ; c i f on!' disgrace, but whose a c ts are without imports Tas they oltsin the approbation of the GovernmesicacieeS refusal to bestow this approbation upon the, .ed of Lord Ponsonby is now of a more dett' ' ' 1 0 ractcr than on the question of the decheanee.. 1010 all that is essentiel for France. The rest 15 d, w hich the exclusive dome in of the policy of Engla ° 0 ba r n has to inquire whether it will be proper t e ;at any longer for representative an old mad°3; is shays more prompt to follow the councils 01_001. hatred than to consult the real interests f his " „ ti ttle We wish the Opposition Journals would cease the ir P ou ld about the magnificent advantages which tL e Y if it have resulted now from the note of the Bth Ocovtlir►,arrY has] been enforced by the present Cabinet. i. '„ i t vise and i,l-tirred note would now, as on the day `", e- peeer ° issued, serve only to erehreit affairr. As Ali, an d fdoirscaivrojwitt,hict is s h e ic v a i n d e e r n y t practised upon het ja she announce their deterruir • • t t aid the Per"' b sbe c to b i te a hr t a t t o w n toh n ue o l dp 00 0 ,ni tliyo havei na , ictab _ tor c i c le; great i f note of the Bth foremg an open door. Now, when e , p!e ma ke t° n ate' that a fu,s about their way through an open the s, v cr ally suggest t o others the ilea of clocingdoor i it, n °ll id gO• it may be seen how tar such Gaston -hrnY'ry "ceusygterse Such would infalbbly have been the result of th ,. r . over s of the note in question ; it would have provoked th.,_ r . ft by its fanfaronade, and re-constituted the CO'•ti'dulicut would have cornpLeatett, acid i,reparahly perlial is l_ c f ties which, i the present state of thing! , arPear _ l % mo re nature to elem. themselvee. Let uc , iher, beaf_R e „i ii ion of the posthumous praises of a rolicy which pub"" there let ad i h t as res s t o .,, justly condemned. Jr is in oblivion; in TviohelerF:eLord Palmerston is resolved to persecute to if o ur n,s says— alutionnel, determined not to be behind Its map in the e: es w h i e 7r policy a t e France b of d tthaekeEnnugnlaisLl,ir C her u p e r4 t 3i i . tevloiud7pt.tihi„ C ,, .i.:ct siu;tild persist in a desire to find grace of Europe, it can only he as a conq uered Powe r rej ig to its defeat." %; A ll , P of "1