The Sun. — London, England, 1841-08-09 00:00:00

MORNING SUN. to which the duties to be produced from it were destined, 1 namely, the subsistence of the army of the north, which, for certain, was as deserving of attention as the manu facturers. It was beneficial, inasmuch as it would in dispensably have lowered the price of the articles released from prohibition, in ail' the markets, and the consumer would have enjoyed the benefit of that cheapness. Only under that point of view it ought to have been considered by the counsellors of your Excellency, and by the re presentatives of the nation, who should have maintained and upheld the measure, without listening to clamors, hypocritically cloaked with ideas of patriotism. And where is that patriotism ? Did the manufacturers and the farmers say to the Government of your Excellency, " Withdraw your contract, which is prejudicial to us, and we will give yrou a sum equal to the duties which it would have produced to you ?" Oh, Sir, their patriotism did not come up to that ! The mea sure, therefore, was .just and beneficial, and it was an error not to maintain it. That which is repugnant in it, is the condition of specialty in favour of a single port, and of a limited number of importers. The measure ought to be general for all the ports of the Republic, and not by way of si, particular permission. " It is also known that not many months since, when it was ascer cained that the crop of cotton was not suffi cient for 'she supply of the manufacturers, permission was asked t) import it from the foreigner, and the manufac turers thought it was only justice to make that solicitation. The excessive price to which this national article had risen, was the greatest proof of the bad quality or great defi ciency of th s crop. But the required permission attacked the farm:as, and they addressed lively remonstrances to the G.orernment of your Excellency. The permission we'.,, therefore, not conceded ; and thus another error . ':eas committed, because the refusal was a benefit only to one or a few localities, and was an injury to the majority of the inhabitants, to the whole class of consumers, and to the Treasury, which would have been able to derive a large sum from the duties. " When it is proposed, in the Republic, to protect any branch whatever of industry, that middle course, which is the only one capable of reconciling the general and very divergent interests of the country, is not adopted. The truth that they are so is lost sight of, and thus trade takes, and is fixed in, a vicious extreme. The article which it is sought to protect, for the sake of encou raging it, is declared free from every duty ; and, as if that were not enough, the foreign importation is prohi bited altogether. This is another error, and one of the greatest that could be committed in political economy. A Government should never lose sight of this principle, that the rights of all the citizens are equal ; and that with the same solicitude with which he is regarded who de votes himself to the branch requiring to be cherished, they also should be viewed who constitute the class who are to consume the products. That is attained only by measuring the two conflicting interests. lie who is fa voured on account of his industry, is inclined to turn it to the most profitable account in his reach ; and he who is to consume the production is equally inclined to obtain it on the most equitable terms possible. To reconcile the . two objects, let there be imposed a moderate duty,—let exact calculations be made of the cost of production, of the cost of transportation to the place of sale, and allow ing latitude for a gain of 29 or 30 per cent.—(certainly a decent profit)—let the price be estimated at that which it can be sold to that advantage. Granted that this may be stated at ten; let the Government fix by law, that so long as the juice should be raised to twelve, in any three markets whatever, the importation of the fo reign prodi'..ce should be permitted, undergoing a fixed dutsj, double that which is imposed upon the na tional production, and let the foreign importations cease 0"... the very day when the price revolves to that which has been fixed upon as level. The good which is effected thus is palpable. For the vendor there is imposed a check upon his unmeasured avarice, and he is kept in his just limit, for fear of what may come to his prejudice by the importation of the foreign article ; hence the se curity of the consumer that he will never be required to pay an excessive price. In seasons of bad crops the manufacturers and the 'consumers have recourse to the foreigner ; the former that lie may obtain the prime ma terial upon fair terms, the latter to obtain the benefit of prices being kept from an excessive rise. If this princi ple had been in operation in the Republic, there can he no doubt that cotton would not have made so great a rise a few months since. ' The manufacturers would then have demanded,. with justice, the importation of the fo reign material ; .at the same time, it would.not be a ra tional condition than the article should be imported only at one port, a condition so much the more unnecessary, as the importers would have had, recourse to Vera Cruz as the point nearest to the manufactories, and conse quently the one from which the land carriage would be least expensive. " The system which we suggest is applicable, with small variations, to all the prohibitions'; and, on account of its importance, we will mark certain prejudices which would not be experienced if it were adopted in- this country. " As we have said the importation of threads is to tally prohibited, as is also that of ' ordinary' cloths. This latter description was confused and required a definition, by which those are declared to be' ordinary,' which do not consist of thirty-one threads in the quarter inch ; and those are ' fine' which exceed that number. The latter are received upon payment of duty ; but not threads so, which are prohibited, whether fine or ordi nary. If the fine cloth be permitted why not the fine thread ? There is no reason for the distinction. The regulation in respect to cloths is in analogy with the system which we suggest, and the absolute prohibition s of thread is opposed to that system. Your Excellency may see the effect which those two opposite arrange ments produce. "In consequence only of the fine cloth being allowed to reach the markets of the interior, the manufacturers, in I order to exclude it from those places, curb their co• vetousness, and contenting themselves with a more rea sonable profit (although at the.same time it is more than decent), give that article at a price which causes the con sumer to prefer it, because he saves half a real in the yard ; and the fine cloths (foreign) do not go into the interior, because they arc sold at a loss. From the pos sibility, however, of that competition a saving in the consumption of the country is effected (as we have proved) of more than one million of dollars. It is not so with the thread, which is so charged as to im pose a burthen upon all the inhabitants, which amounts to more than two millions. What is the oause.of this ? It is none other than that the manufacturers can put upon it what price they please, since they have no competition in that branch, and they have it in their power to sacrifice with impunity the whole class of consumers. Let the thread be placed on the same footing with the cloth, and. your Excellency will see that the manufacturers, restraining themselves in their immoderate ambition, would sell it with much greater fairness. And now, Sir, what shall we say of the pretension that has lately been put forth, that cloth should be excluded which contains less than 40 threads in the quarter inch ? Let the Chambers accede to it, and you will quickly see that the yard of cloth will cost the consumer four reals. • Thus it is demonstrated that the protection given to the manufactures by the total prohibition of foreign threads is excessive ; and your Excellency will be con vinced of the imperious necessity of correcting an evil, by 'which the Treasury isi deprived of five and a half millions annually. It were fortunate that so great a sum had been diverted to cover claims more sacred, and that an expedient had been devised to compensate the deficiency in whole or in part. For that purpose an ef fort was made in 1839 ; that fatality which governs commercial laws prevailed in the most disastrous manner, and, adding error to error, a monstrous law was passed— the law of 15 per cent. I It would be difficult, in the limits of one exposition, to sum up the innumerable proofs, the infinite arguments, the evident and number less demonstrations which have been published in the space of two years, to make ma * o f it - r s that ehe s i l n a Total ....... .... 5,692,266 N,. ) tad :s one could deny the evidence of that calculation, nifest the ruinous effects law. But la- %Ct. the manufacturers cry out against it, or, for the bour, if to the above-mentioned proofs and demonstra for what end should we occupy tend' of distracting your Excellency's imagination, pre- been made, and have been that sake of o __, l at so enormous a sacrifice is compensated by the entirely despised ; those who, for the tions no solid reply hasthey i n ,,u vhich it produces, you should not listen to them, td • t rests, or, through erroneous persuasion, are fur It, is only another of their sophisms. been the partisans and . maintainers of the law, 4, ders oo in e or have t The foreign cloth goes into the markets of the in eriorat three three seals per yard, and it sells for not less than body reason, or that it does so contenting themselves with affirming that the commercial ,r and a quarter ; and the shopkeeper cannot dispose li, the national manufacture at less than 2i reels. Then ', through pure selfishness ? For what should we occupy opposes the law without yard, saving to the Cuzisualei is but half a real '. Yard, and on the whole it amounts to 1,177,589 d 1 l ale I g u s i , with which the law was impugned have acquired .ou. , lions s erves at. this day, when already the several allegit ;Vlich the consuming class economises in the cloth. ° lieu. cap..-iacc all the forde of prophecy? Wrhybs"forel4- ' t e foretell thread when it was admitted sold for front gn 6 we do so above all to your Excellency, if you, far e v hand,. foresaw those dest t 0 6i peals. the lb.; whereas the national, at the ra e of all the markets sells for 11 reels, there being Mel' hcation of the law—and since it was not in our p _ . so me instances as high as 12 and more. Thus upon the ructive results—opposed the pub lication prevent the publication, you have proposed its abro /vhele gation to . the Chambers, and have made great efforts to fti r consumption a c of 4,250,000 . lbs., making allowance procure its repeal ? of cloth,there is a the saving in the article ' -4 act " But your Excellency may say : ' I have done all that was possible to me legally. I know the bad effects of f, actual burthen of about a million dollars. Far, therefore , e s, , , . this law. I have initiated its repeal. That has been de tweenenetiting the country upon the existing proNbi nied to me. "What more could I do?' We shall discuss 1 system, the nation and the treasury lose more than t 2 rQillions annually to enrich ten or twelve manufac- that. The Chambers in our opinion have resisted because; in 11re rs, who maintain miserably the limited number of fa milies tee whom they employ. Here, Sir, is the truth, proposing the abrogation, no expedient was presented to epee all illusion, and resting upon that, we . might them which might be substituted for the obnoxious law ) , o u ti Y the, proverb, " Cry ravens, and they will pick out without inconvenience'; and the opposition would have is, eyes. "rhek only gain which the country derives been less, if a good recourse had been pointed out. w_ t hat about three millions less are exported which There is no doubt, Sir, that if the representatives of the oll e e at to pay for the foreign cloths and thread ; and the people defend the law of 15 per cent., it is because the lei rocs system only benefits two or three departments, prohibition of the goods we have spoken of, by depriving 4 rahile ruin of the remainder, especially those of the the Treasury of five-and-a-half millions, placed it in an a m See then to what disastrous errors in politics incapacity to acquit itself of the most sacred obligations. of s economy your Excellency's counsellors, and persons The widow, the soldier, the magistrate, and all who re aaliserrie name, have been led by a miserable spirit of lo- ceive public salaries. could not, without . great loss to a rid a L,eloplied under thefascinating names of patriotism society, be unheeded or left to groan in misery ; and it !mblic (rood. was the bounden duty of the Chambers to keep that in that the onlyobserve,is,that view. What then will . your Excellency do ? Will you th ree "inch is obtained he the nation in general ef ,,. e millions less of hart .dollars are exported .it by a more moderate increase in the duty upon importa it'utbs_ea.reely be said that this is a good, when to obtain tattoo ? Then, Sir, the same error will subsist, al .4,__ a treasury and the coisuining class make an annual though in diminished proportion. That expedient would lilyur I t r o i e t ,. 0 f 61- millions, RliCh go in a very small quan- not be just, when, as the merchants of Vera Cruz allege, te r e „_ , he agriculturists, ascl the rest to the manufac- cottons pay 224 per cent. upon their cost beyond the sea; - who r e , ta the loss of the army, the widows, and the woollens, 138 per cent. ; linens, 82 per cent.; silk, 33 per appear' class of employed, who groan under the enormous cent., andother goods could be added to that scale, q their salaries.- " A. little time - north to tli on account of his urgent A•scessities, had recourse more reasonable as the increase of indirect contributions ti the e xPtdiest of seeking perroision for the importa -I,l_,ef prohibited goods in limited q.,, n tities, to be regu- would be aid 1; the class most competent in the coun tr But the i 3 ; &mould eventually be unavailing, for plies, s° as to bear proportion to the 'adispensable sup i And what happened ? That th manufacturers the consumption ° : , ould be diminished, your Excellency this Prudent their cries to heaven. They assails and censured wew . 110 11ex i posed to fresh reclamnal.:Ons and, worst of all wi l i s , prudent measure, and misrepresented t., question,. would be l months' continuance of effective,iavo to wait six moths I ns before the increase and in the six ti n the farmers crying by their side, until ti s the 15 would also be im o ti','s in various places and (what is most ;stranp, of a loe \,), to per cent., we all perish I It . f.. t would on l y one department ,ticauthori, effective in the ports upon the Gulf. In the Pacific, "eatie,nall sides, having 0., e . of. the permission. On . it IA - Put tat question ofthe truepoint of view, they hay.. nld be illusory, and the great disparity which pro Put e _ __ out = , l the pl, the' e.ased to deafen the ears of your Excellency until 1. `lch a fatal order of things would be the greater rt . in whichthe .re . could procure a revocation of the contracts. These rf,sed. i ri , ton ha • , ve been withdrawn upon conditions of indemnification ' what we pay at present, we cann v o e t c e o e r p e e t t e e ;iittr t l ing Ports of the Pacific, still less could s ;°:the contractors, of ' which the manufacturers paid no "ling, but onl the poor exhausted notion, which had to ...n ili, expe di e - fi she duty being increased. S u'' and satisfy t h - e i n d emn ities ! Now, most Excellent granting that our a annut be recurred to ; however, of cloths ana yarns, le has cherished the manufacturer 11 ', the measure to . which recourse had been had was Just and b ene ficial--it what aspect that branch of —it was just on account o f the ob j ect indust r y presents. MEXICO.-FREE TRADE. - - We have received by . the favour of ,an eminent house 41 ' Liverpool in the'Mexican trade, a copy of a very able Daulphkst, published recently at Tampico, which contains So me points strikingly illustrative of the blessings of the Protective system, and serves to corroborate very strongly Observations made by Lord Palmerston in his speech at Tiverton. It is entitled " A Representation to the most x eeilent the President of the Republic, by the Mer chanti and Inhabitants of Tampico, praying for the Re peal of the law of 15 per Cent.,' and suggesting other me asures in its stead." The following is a translation : " To the most Excellent the President of the • Republic. " The commercial body of Vera Craz, which sees ap- Preaching wad imminent the ruin in which that popula tion essentially mercantile is about to be overwhelmed, has a;laia. raised its complaining voice in an exposition to s Lxeellency General Don Antonio Lopez de Santa ek .n na, beseech - ing him, that, with the hig'i.credit and in eee aepertaining to his - elevated position in society, e might intercede with your Excellency, , and so induce iott to propose to the representatives of the Mexican tople the repeal of the law of the 26th of Novem e'r, 1839, which increased the customs duty, in the - mount of 10 per cent. above the 5 per cent., which had previously been deemed sufficient. " The subject is the same upon which the merehants a nd inh a bit an t s o f T am pico address themselves to the s upreme Government, but in truth, without flattering themselves of a good, result; since they have observed the li ttle regard paid by the Chambers to the previous publi cations of the press, to the representations of so many . ee ercantile places, and what was still more, to the repre 's,,entations made by several Departmental Juntas , in whose i r itings was proved, beyond question, the ruin which muse, "e proiluced end has been produced, inc an impost in e as s to , 'ens contradiction to the true pples of deal eee e , no fa \Any. It was easy, however, to foresee that 'eetrable resolution would he adopted upon our solicita- O en, although we ask with justice, at the sari & t i me w i th abrogation of that law, other points, advantageous alike to this population and to the Te easury; whereby, ;nth a greater development of our '.rade the public re tie would be increased. although we have been disree ler earded, we do not the Jess recognise in your Excel tru? a decided inclir e a :.ion to justice and equity, and the anxious des;_ t e topromote the happiness of the coun , d For faat reason we should console ourselves, and ~ e ° e?' .sole ourselves. in acquiring a new proof that it terif t ? ) eity which continually interferes to render nuga teif ft?) best sentiments which your upright heart enter -IWs, as well for the good of this port as for that of the "le bli pu e. 1 . i : 11 Tel-epic°, Excellent Sir, like Vera Cruz, is essen e„ 3', and almost exclusively, mercantile. So, at the ; 1 , 41 , e time that we adhere fully to the solid reasons, with Ge neral, we have recourse to your Excellency, with the e°4viction that in the extreme affliction to which we person a reduced, it is only the energetic will of two illustrious 'e'ers"ages, equally interested in the prosperity and great ,tes 3 of their country, that can apply a prompt and effi e-4eieus remedy to evils of such inagnitude. The urgent „ -e eessity for such a remedy stimulates us to state clear ‘ ',,`" ° °,fs, respectfully, yet apart from flattery, which a great noble mind, such as your Excellency's, wo uld re pudiate, and which, above all, would ill become our pre sent critical circumstances. The sufferings are extreme, Zemletrable only to those of the sick at the point of death, pro ean receive no relief from palliatives, without the t e " 'P t application of the most powerful medicines. And th w could a physician apply the fit remedies unless he e "' r etied - 0y understood the disease ? How could he un oberstand the disease, unless to the symptoms which ' ee e serves there be added the patient's exact account, of t h e tieSeS which p ro d uce d hi s ills ? Why shoe' - not we, liot refore reveal those to your Excellency Z.- Why should enlighten your mind upon the. capital errors in matters .of finance which have be e n committed of late ye i o gr most ; when th ere i s not a single inhabitant agree in extensive country, who does not in asclibing to your Excellency the most re moi st ntentueas to establish. the *coalmen good upon the I t th e , Veandation Whence acmes it, then, that me s nit e nt z .ons , pure do .not produce 'their e ffect ? of to u t t be told—your Excellency hasliad.the misfortune . or sou,n--etting withMinisterS and 'councillo rs who knew gen e - -- itat to maintain themselves in high vie ws of the mar ri "` , good. They circumscribed themselves within a deal: circle, drawn according to ideas of miserable tiso u - L in . This is a truth, evident and irrefragable, even th e gu the p ro position may seem to your Excellency to the4nrestinaptuous • , and we shall prove it by explaining error s which have produced such mistaken policy. We might cite as a grave error the creation of the R anis with part of the produce of the maritime customs, w e 111 0, above all ought to be applied to cover the ex- Penses of the State. To apply them to create a forced Industry is the same as to commence building with the l'oof. It was more advisable, more useful, more immediately a necessary to the public good, that whenever there was surplus it should be applied to open good roads, whereas tnere are none in this vast territory better than broken Paths. • Circulation would have been facilitated, and the Z e mis of transport rendered more economical. This ukt have been a general good ; but to apply a part of #ho maritime revenues to the creation of industry was er roneous even if, with the remainder, all the expenses hull be covered • since one part of the contributions of ~. people was 'destined to loans, which could only ;6 ,7_ advanced to responsible persons, which was the .. te ctme as lending the sweat of the poor to the rich „7, enable them to grow richer. It was above ' 4 4_ snot only an error, but a flagrant injustice, to mo ment favouring industry in that way, since the mei !kill the revenues became insufficient to cover sacred easgations, incomes of the widow,lthe soldier, and every th ie s Of public servants and creditors are impaired ; and se st 99 1 y because of the inconceivable enterprise of e e e ai ning a forced industry, which has produced other "- o re, eo e " ,, o ' l e of those d e eply disastrous, was that which was an 'flltted in prohibiting the importation of common cloths , 4 , 0 f fine and common thread. With both prohibitions 4,"roverninent deprived itself of no less a sum than five li ons and a h a lf, w hilst in the meantime the charges e f hi 'lle State were i ncrease d on the other side. A consider 114e error was committed, operating against the very fett4ciPles upon which the s y s tem of indirect taxation is and which is intelligible to the narrowest corn e en siee, that the fewer the number of a rticles le g all y Per mitted to be imported the less they will produc e to oe r evenue. If that truth is plain to every one, how uch may we be surprised at the prohibition of those th e articles of importation, of which the duties were th,, i . i mest productive ? Will your Excellency . believe, ° P can you be persuaded that we e xa gg erate in eh a ; i ng that th e prohibition of those two manufact ures quen o d iminished the maritime customs in an amoun t al to five millions and a half ? As your Excellency . ter't_Y distrust this truth, or the manufacturers may in t ,est themselve s to maintain it in disbelief, we shall it, by the result of the calculations which they rei s T se tres have published. When they solicited per eferes`°n to import 50,000 quintals of cotton, they th ei 'led that they wanted that quantity .to keep r machines in work for six mo n t hs. Then, ording to their own showing, they employed ( 1 ,14 ne , e year 100,000 quintals ; an d g rantin g that half e , a " Was converted into cloth , a nd the other cert a 4B employed in thread ; it being on the other hand e tor in that a piece of our national cloth does not weigh f or e than 711 es , we shall have it that the 50,000 quintals, yard s ake -4 " 42,500) 4 will produce 607,143 pieces of 31 of fosi or about 18,821,436 yards. If an equal q uantit y to th re ign manufacture were imported it would produce ea su ry, Dollars. For th e cloth For the thread 1,372,749 TIII-f: SUN . , LONDON. 'lth3N - DA Y, AUG UST 9, 1841: " Let us take at the highest—that ' Dollars Cents. A Quintal of Cotton costs the manufacturer $3O BO W-STREET LAW. TO THE EDITOR THE. SUN. Slll,—ln your paper of yesterday I pecceive,in the re port of the kroceedin g s at Bow:stteet police-office, a case deserving of some notice: 'lt apPotirs that a Mr 4 Wight man was charged with resisting a'police-offieer inzthe exe cution of his duty. It was in evidenee,: ;. and not . .aftempted to be denied, that the officer has taken into 614§tody, on a charge of violating some of the proviSions_q4he last Act for preserving the pea c e of 'the metropoli4 - a person who had taken no share in the commission of ilké offence. This beyond all question- was an illegal arrist, yet for resisting it the defendant was fined ss;. If t.idits be law, the sooner the grounds of such a decision are known the better. At common law I apprehend . that the arrest of any person without a warrant is upon the resOonsibility of the person so acting. sA con Stable witnessing the commission of certain acts contritry to law inbound to arrest the offender, but not upon 'hearsay or:Tresump tion, unless by special provision of. law, as in case of an assault, where the new Police ACt allow of such a course. The duty of a Police officer: is not to arrest on suspicion any person - merely because had he witnessed a particular.individual commit the act he would have been authorized t to interfere. The charge of resisting the officer in the execution of leis duty appears to me to fall to the ground, because lie was exceeding his duty and his powers. I trust that Lord Normanby will not allow Mr. Twyford to make out decisions for the future, other wise we have gained little by the decision, in the case of Wilkes, against general warrants ; since it should seem that, according to Mr. Twyford, every member of the metropolitan police has now a power not formerly pos sessed by the Home Secretary. By giving this communication a place in your columns you will greatly oblige, S!r, yours very truly, Westminster, Aug. 7.. CIVIS. Waste, 15 per cent 4 50 Cost of manufacture 50 per cent A quintal, converted into cloth, comes t 0... $5l 75 " The makers sell the piece at 8 dollars, which is equi valent to 25i cents. per yard ; that is, they gain 121 per cent. ; and still more on thread, because in it there is nothing to hinder them from selling it at whatever price they like. " After this demonstration, if your Excellency pro pose to Congress that a duty of 4 cents a yard be fixed upon the national cloth, and one real per lb. upon the thread, could the justice of the proposition be resisted for fear of prejudicing industry ? No, certainly ; and here is a calculation to show that the produce would be equal to that which is sought to be obtained from the 15 per cent.:— Dollars. 18 millions of cloth at 4 cents would yield 720,000 42,000 quintals of thread, at 1 real per lb Total 1,251,250 . . " To make this sum more certain, and to collect it with the greater . facility, it would be advisable that the con tribution should be direct, applying it in proportion to the number of splindles and looms which each manufac turer employs. " Moreover, with this imposition as proposed, there remains to the manufacturers a profit of 85 per cent., which is scandalous ; and here your Excellency may learn in what way to reduce them to a more moderate gain. Let in the competition of foreigners, qualifying as fine the cloth which reaches 23 threads ; and regulating that foreign thread be permitted from No. 21 per arriba. If that be not done, the result will be, that the consumer alone shall pay the new impost. Then, as it has been shown that foreign cloth of 31 threads cannot compete, as it is sold with little profit, the manufacturers will be able to increase their prices without any fear. If that competition be not opened, the sacrifice of the Treasury, even with the above stated impost of one million and a quarter, or what is the same thing, those five millions and a quarter, with which then it will protect industry, no benefit will accrue to the country by the Customs ; and, as the manufacturers will be able to sell the bad with as much ease as the good, they will manufacture badly. The competition, therefore, is necessary even to stimu late the manufacturers to improvement, and to secure that industry may not be stationary. In proof of our assertion, we would supplicate your Excellency to inquire, and you will be informed that, in fact, the piece of my tional cloth weighed two years ago 91bs., and now it weighs no more than Vbs. ; so that not only is the con sumer sacrificed by being compelled to buy dear, but day by day the quality of the article which he buys is de teriorated. " We repeat, then, Most Excellent Sir, that the imme diate repeal of the 15 per cent. is most urgent, substituting for it an indirect impost upon national cloths and threads, or a direct tax upon the manufacturers. With that mea sure alone an immense good will be done to the country, But it will not be complete, in order to our material in terests, unless the principle be adopted of removing from our tariff all proh,ibitions, except of those things which are opposed to the religion, morals, and manners of the country, charging all articles with a duty greater (and prudently just) than is paid by our own corresponding productions. That good will not be complete unless the internal customs be abolished—it will not be complete un less, together with the above stated measures, the inter nal circulation be free, without which commerce could not acquire all that development of which it is suscep tible in a country in which Providence, with full hands, has distributed such elements of prosperity. Above all, it will not be complete if the Mines be not especially encouraged ; making some sacrifice for the purpose of obtaining a sufficient quantity . of quicksilver, which should he interdicted as an article of trade ; any loss which might be incurred thereby would be compensated by the advantage to be gained in the other Metals. With an increased extraction of the precious metals, agri culture would flourish—industry would flourish without artificial assistance—commerce would flourish with them, and in every quarter would be seen abundance, prospe rity, and enterprise. "We have indicated, Sir, the means by whose' adop tion you may be occupied unceasingly in ameliorating the condition of all the inhabitants of this region, and your Excellency and the Host Excellent Don A. Lopez de Santa Anna, ought to arouse,sour3elves to realise the wealth of this country in the ;valuable materials as in former times—shutting yoar tars,. to, all . pretensions which are not in harmony . with the general good. ThUs you will secure the happiness of the whole Republic. Thus your illustrious names will be blessed. History will immor talise them, and, transmitting them to the remotest pos terity, will repeat them with the most honourable of all titles—that of the saviours and regenerators of your country ! " Such are the wishes which, with the most profound respect and the most anxious hope, we submit to your Excellency, of whom we are the devoted and obedient servants," &c. [Here follow about a hundred names.] GOOD W 0013 RACES. THE ORLEANS CUP. In our report of the last day's races we stated that Hyllus' running had excited a good deal of suspicion, and that a Member of the Jockey Club (the Hon. Cap tain Rous), had expressed himself in strong terms to wards the parties supposed to be implicated in the tran saction. After the races, that gentleman wrote to Ro- . binson, the jockey, for the purpose of ascertaining what instructions he had given Buckle. Robinson stated, in reply, that "Mr. Lichtwald had applied to him to ride Hyllus, which, from an unwillingness to take Buckle off; he had declined ; and that on the latter stating that the horse was likely to bolt, he had recommended him to make a waiting race." Immediately on receipt of this statement, Captain Boas addressed a letter to Mr. Forth, of which the following is a copy . : " SIR,—On my arrival in London from Goodwood on Saturday evening, I wrote to Mr. Robinson at New market, to ask what instruction he had given Buckle re lative to riding Hyllus for the Orleans Cup. His an swer I have just received. As it exculpates you, Messrs. Litchwald and Buckle, I lose no time in acquainting you that its contents satisfy me that I have no grounds ett p e a r rLy i for substantiating the charge of dishonesty against you o remain, Sir a : yours, &c. use you please of tirlis any l " IL S. ROUS." SPORTING IN TELLIGEN CE . HAVERFORD \VEST RACES.-(CONCLUDED.) WEDNESDAY. _ _ The Town Plate of 50/.,;cld7cltoa handicap of 1 soy. each. Two mile heats. (8 subs.) lir. Gough's Bay Hampton, 6 yrs, lOst 41b 0 1 1 Mr. WTeyman's Milo, 5 y rs , 9 s t 41b 1 2 2 Mr. Henderson's Greedy Sam, 6 yrs, Bst 71b 0 4 Mr. J. Summers' Spider, 5 yrs, Bst 0 3 dr Mr. Lock's Rowena, 3 yrs, Est 101 b 2 dr Three others started. Won in a canter. _ Sweepstakes of 5 sovs. each, with 25 added. Mile and half heats. Mr. Parr's Aimwell, 6 yrs, 9st 71b ...(Owner) 3 1 1 Captain Davies' Merry Lass, aged, 9st 71b 1 3 dr Mr. Gough's Fausta,_3 yrs, 7st 91b 2 2 dr Won very easily. The Ladies' Purse ofj 20 sovs. each, and a Handicap of 3 sovs. each, were won in two heats by Mr. Summer's Spider beating Greenfinch and three others. CANTERBURY RACES.—TEURSDAY. The East Kent Stakes of ti guineas each, and 50 added. The winner to be sold for 3001. 2 miles. Mr. Hornsby's Revoke, 5 yrs, Bst 71b...(Owner) 0 1 1 Mr. Kling's Dahlia, 4 yrs, Bst 31b Two others started. __ The Barham Downs' Plate of 501. Heats, 2 miles. Mr. Balchin's Slang, aged, 9st (Balchin) 1 1 Mr. Dockeray's Munchausen, 5 yrs, Bst 1 llb Mr. Clifton's Whalebone, aged, 9st 21b Mr. Sandiland's Moleskin, 4 yrs, Bst 51b FRIDAY. The Queen's Plate of 100 guineas. Heats, 2 miles. " Mr. Hornsby's Revoke, 5 yrs, lOst (Owner) 1 1 Mr. Sandiland's Moleskin, 4 yrs, 9st 6st 2 2 Mr. Dockeray's Munchausen, 6 yrs, lOst 3lb 3 3 The City Plate of 501., winner to be sold for 1201. 2 miles. Mr. Dockeray's Lyster, 5 yrs, Bst 101b(Butler) 0 1 1 Mr. Sandiland's Easingwold, 5 yrs, Bst 101 b... 1 0 0 Mr. Clifton's Whaloboi., aged, oot /n. o - Lord Sondes' Lampos, 3 yrs, 7st 111 b The Yeomanry Plate was won by Mr. Minter's Actress. BRIGHTON RACES. —FRIDAY (CONCLUDED). Sweepstakes of 3 Sovs. each, and 25 added. New Course. Heats. Captain Barnett's Battledore, aged, list lib (Mr Johnstone) 1 1 Mr. Ewart's Cerito , 6 yrs , list 71b 2 dr Mr. Grant's Maid of the Mist, 5 yrs, l Ist 71b dis Wen in a canter. A Hurdle-Race concluded the day's sport. DERBY BETTING ON THE COURSE. 8 to 2 agst Scott's lot—taken 9 to 4 agst Colonel Peel's lot—taken 22 to 1 agst Robert de Gorham 3,300 to 150 agst 'Wiseacre. WHITEHALL REGATTA. The annual contest amongst the respectable watermen plying at Whitehall, took place on Friday, for a purse of sovereigns, given by the noblemen and gentlemen in habitants of the vicinity, amongst whose names, as sub scribers were to be found—Lord Liverpool, Lord Gage, Sir Robert Peel, several officers of the Guards, the mem bers of the Scullers' Club-, and Lord Castlereagh's boats. The wager was with five pairs of sculls, in two heats ; the four first boats of the first heat being entitled to contend in the second. About three o'clock the follow ing men took their places for the first heat :—E. Emery and C. Westwood, pink ; T. Finer, sen., and S. Finer, green • J. Emery and J. J ones, blue ; W. Davis and T. Jones, scarlet ; and T. Cooms and H. Finer, yellow. The distance rowed in this heat was from White hall-stairs round Lucas's barge-roads, down round a boat moored off Hungerford-market into Whitehall. Blue and green took the lead for a few yards, when pink came tip scull and scull, and, after some sharp rowing, passed them and came in first. Blue was second, green third, and yellow fourth. At four o'clock these four were again in readiness for the grand heat. The whole party were together for some m inutes, and blue and green passed each other alternately, pink: rounded the first flag-boat in advance, and maintained their advantage, although closely pressed by him. Pink won b y two lngths, blue was second, and green third. LAW ECCLESIASTIC. —At a general meeting of the Bangor Diocesan Church Meeting Society, held:at the Chapter-room on Wednesday , the 4th inst., it was announced that the baptismal font had been replaced in Llanfigael Church, and that the Lord Bishop of the Dio cese had decided, that the sacred vessel had not been so far contaminated as to require reconsecration, the pigs that had fed out of it, during its temporary visit to the Rectory, having been found of orthodox genealogy. The King's Chaplain nodded assent,! and was ordered to say grace before dinner.—Carnarvon Herald. 1.••••• TO T_ -E EDITOR OF THE SUN . THE SPEAKERSH IP. 1 hat d to enclose you for insertion the SlR—Knowin.; , many of your readers stillcherish Now we believe the truth to be, that the re-election of 1 hat the with friendly rect . ) , memory of the celebrated Mr. Shaw Lefevre was not forced on Sir Robe. Pee l- b y ac his followers, as the Times asserts, but was his 00 1 PT I g 1 companying lines tit , hich were the effusion of his feeling s posal. According to the story of the Times, however, . Curran, lam inch c r lin some of those me meats of intense depression which un- Robert Peel has ceased to be the leader of his party be- - artunately for him too frequently chequered the life of fore he has crossed the threshold of his office. But whe- 1, extraordinary I, an. I believe that they have never ther the re-election of the Whig Speaker was his free that .. the public e ye. lam myself indebted f or their choice or not, it is writt e n in the Times that it indicates yet met '4.0 the Jail macy which for years sub s i ste d be " the neglect of the best interests of the part;" that Sir possession . . , father .and that eminent orator and patriot. Robert P ee l, i n consequence, e will not .be 31inister at tween my late -ryi aL leect within themselves the internal the end of the first session;" that "he will have deserted These lines ca. ~,,,, isition of that fervid and impa his post and his friends;" that he and his party are marks of being the e '"„: . that deep-toned pathos 'which " false to the principles of the British Constitution;' and sinned orator, breathh., ' .„ e been privileged, to be his that he had but one course to pursue, rather than acqui- they, who like mpelf, ha. , - ell remember so thoroughly esce in such a mischief, "to toss up the Premiership an d guests at "the Priory," can "... aired, and which, amid the retire into private life;" but that not having done so, he pervaded the character of his 1 4. S ofgenuine wit and h has falsified the good opinion which his sponsor in the corruscations of genius, and burs. , with a mellowed tone n- Times had entertained of him. This arrangement upon mour, still shaded his conversatiol. . who knew Cu of moral feeling, of which they only _ the Speakership question suggests nothing for particularl am S' rran notice, beyond the two facts incidentally recorded above.; igtimately - can have any conception. , Sir your first, that petty altercation with him whom the "united obedient servant, SANKEY. party" regards as its leader has already occurred--al- WILLIAM S. VILLIERS ready, before Parliament has already occurred—already, Aug. 7, 1841, ,Hammond-street. before Parliament has actually assembled—and next, that TO A SIGH. any question in dispute, involving the loss of between BY THE RIGHT OC , N. JOHN PHILPOT CURIIM twenty and thirty of the Peel party on a division, is con- Oh! give to sorrow momentary ease, sidered by the leader and the leading journal to be Thou gentle tell-tale of a pensive breast, " doubtful, if not hopeless."—Examiner. For thou, when cheating hopes no more can please, The plain truth of the matter is, that the Duke of Wel- Thou canst afford, in, ' cl ot, a transient rest. lington placed his thumb upon the movements of Sir Oh! then ambiguous, j oy yss, softly rise Robert Peel, and the furious ultras of the Tory party.- Whil e t h e tear trembles on t:.. 'e pallid cheek, even as St. Peter placed his upon the haddock, and left Severe the virtue that a sigh dLuies, „ an imperishable mark thereon; and that the former mas To save a bursting heart that cati. n°,. ' " re "' obliged to receive the impression as the wax cloth that of the seal when it is heated. However, let the Times and the Post. settle this matter between themselves—all we have to request is, that when they and others avail them selves of the exclusive intelligence of the British Queen, they will have the common honesty to acknowledge the sources from which they derived it.—British Queen. DRAMATIC INTELLIGZ N CE• What we stated a 'week or two ago, respectiht: the re appearance of a " se ptlagenarian actor" on our stab e , is borne out by subsequent information. We referred, Pf course, to Mr. Charles Kemble. He has already had, as we formerly remarked, two retirements. He has had farewell dinners given to him—he has had pieces of plate presented to him, and yet for a third time he is now compelled by circumstances to. come forward, at a very advanced period of life, as a candidate for public favour. Of course, this is not a matter into which we can enter ; he must know best the state of his own affairs, but it f not long since he was able to give a place worth about 600/. to one son ; he had another son provided for in the army ; he has a daughter married to a very wealthy na tive of America (now, with his wife, in this country), and he has another daughter who, it is stated, has been running a very succesSful and profitable career oft the Continent, and who is reported to be fully capable of maintaining herself by her vocal abilities. This is not taking into account any money Mr. C. Kemble may have ' made in America (stated at the time at a very large sum), nor any property he may yet retain in Covent-garden Theatre, which haS for some seasons been let at a rent of 7,000/. per annum. We should have thought him ra ther rich than otherwise, and we own our surprise and regret at hearing that he is not so. It is generally asserted in theatrical circles that Ma dame Vestris commences her next season even before the middle of September. The town will be full at the end of August, owing to the meeting of Parliament, and she can have no important rival in the field until shortly before Christmas, when Macready will open at Drury - lane ; thus she will have about three months to herself, and (as recent experience establishes, contrary to the old persuasion) the most profitable part of her seasons has been prior to February. _ STATE OF TRADE. The trade of this extensive district continues, we re gret to report, in a most depressed state. A failure, in Yorkshire, to a large amount, is also reported. This gloomy state of things is not confined to manufactures alone ; all ranks and conditions of people in this district are suffering from it ; and to add to the difficulty, there appears no prospect of immediate relief. The weather indicates a bad harvest ; and provisions, already greatly overpriced for the poor man's pocket, are becoming still dearer. We have received reports from correspondents in various towns in the district, which we subjoin : HEYwooD.—The cotton trade at Heywood and the neighbourhdod is in a most deplorable state ; the ma chinery at seven cotton mills is at complete stand, and the operatives in nearly all the other factories are employed only three and some few four days per week. The hands at Messrs. Fenton's have full employment, but many hundreds in the neighbourhood are entirely without work. WIGAN.—Most of the mills in this town are working short time, and various rumours are afloat as to the pro bability oisome of them stopping altogether. Numbers of the factory hands are totally out of employ, and the wages of the hand-loom weavers have again been re duced, without any material tendency to give them more work. Their prospects for the winter are most gloomy. OLDHAM.—There are general complaints of the de pressed state of trade, and though the machinery of most of the cotton mills are working full time, numbers of operatives are without employment, partly owing to a prevalent system of obliging individuals to attend to two or more machines, which have hitherto been tended by one person each, and partly owing to the stoppage of a few manufactories. Whilst master-spinners' profits are suffering froin the pernicious effects of competition, the earnings of the working class are undergoing reduction. Low wages and dear food have created great distress. STOCKPORT.—The - cotton mills of Messrs. Lane and Son, situate in Newbridge-lane and Higher Hillgate, which it was reported would close at the end of last week, are still partially at work. It is now said to he the in tention of the assignees to have the cotton worked up as close as possible before finally closing the mills. This will occupy several weeks ; but about two hundred of the hands have been without work the whole of this week, and the number will increase weekly unless the stoppage be put off. Those persons who are at work are only making four days a week. Several other mills are working four and five days a week. A number of hands will be thrown out of employment at the mill of Messrs. Carr and Co., Ileaton-lane, this week end, in consequence of the stoppage of some machinery ; and it is said that the mill is abOut" to be closed for several weeks, owing to some new arrangement of the partnership. Ve be-' lieve that notwithstanding the bankruptcy of Messrs. Stocks and Sonof Heaton Mersey, their establishment is likely to be kept 'at work by other parties. CIiORLEY.—The state of the' working-classes, viz., that of the people about Chorley, and the intervening dstrict betwixt Preston and Blackburn, may be recorded in a few *words. It is as follows :—one-half of their are un employed, that is, at night they are not aware that they shall have any employment at all in the morning ; the other half are in receipt of not more than half-wages, a very considerable proportion of the latter earning not more than two or three shillings a-week. Families seem ingly in respectable circumstances, moreover, are living in the barest manner ; and some of my late neighbours have discontinued keeping poultry, through fear of their being stolen, nothing being safe that is loose.—Manches ter Tinies. • CATHOLIC PRIESTS AND CA- THOLIC PRISONERS. On Saturday morning Mr. Cooke, the Chancery bar rister, attended before the Committee with the Rev. Mr. Hall, of St. Mary's Chapel, Moor&ids, and presented a memorial on the subject above alluded to ' the prayer of which was, that the Rev. Mr. Hall might have access to the Catholic prisoners, and that he might introduce prayer-books for their use. It also prayed that persons professing the Catholic religion should not be compelled - to attend divine service in the Protestant chapel of the gaol. The memorial also imputed to the Chaplain of the Giltspur Compter that he had used some fiery and indecent expressions towards Mr. Hall, the memorialist. Sir Peter Laurie and Mr. Alderman Gibbs were of concurrent opinion that they could not entertain so seri ous a question without previous notice having been given to the other Aldermen that it would he mooted. The memorial was addressed to ‘! The Court of Alder men ;" but the Magistrates then present merely sat as a Committee of Police Magistrates to hear complaints pre ferred by or against the City police. It was, in fact, what is called a Gaol Committee. Mr. Alderman T. Wood, on the contrary, held that all the Magistrates were visiting Magistrates to the gaol, and might at any time hear complaints respecting the City gaols. Mr. Cooke then changed his ground of application, and shaped it upon a statement of grievances, and the Worthy Alderman, with the concurrence of Mr. Alder man Kelly, decided that the Chaplain had no right to in terfere with any prisoners excepting those '!ho belonged. to his own church, the others to be left to; lie Goverror and Aldermen. The complaint of the Claholics being compelled to attend at chapel, was not wvtft his juris diction. The law left it to bo managed byi 1 lOtkal Ma gistrates, according to rules, which rules iiidgd itoe of no effect until they received the sanction etthe Sieretai t y of State for the Home Department. The rules made fylr observance in the Giltspur-street Compter, were Silierit.on the subject, except that there was a permissimi.illewing the Governor to excuse a prisoner in case of sici(nesa, ror other reasonable excuse. The Governor, therefore, and not the Magistrates, had the power to afford redress. With regard to the books, he had given his sanction to the introduction of the prayer-book, whenever a Catholic prisoner demanded one. Mr. Alderman Thomas Wood said there was no doubt but the Governor had power to admit the prayer books, and he would doubtless do so in future. With respect to the interference of the Chaplain, whether pro per or otherwise, that was not a matter Tor inquiry , at present. Mr. Cooke said he 'felt very grateful to-ilie Court for the manner in which the application had 'leen treated, but he did not state whether he should bring the conduct of the Rev. Mr. Boddington before the Court of ' Alder men, It was quite clear that the Chaplain had no power, as by . the Ath Geo. IV., cap. 64, sec. 31, " gvery-Catho lie prisoner is authorised to request the attendance of a Catholic priest." _ . _ Mr. D.Vire, Mr. Ashurst, and several other gentle men connected with the corporation, addressed the Bench, and it was conceded that the Rev. Mr. Hall and his pastoral brethren should be at liberty to visit Catho lic prisoners when required. The Rev. Gentleman and his Learned Counsel bowed respectfully, and left the Court. The scene of the new serious play preparing for repre sentation at the Haymarket Theatre, is laid in Spain— the incidents are numerous andstriking. The catastrophe has been wrought up and brought about with ingenuity, and will, it is calculated, be most effective. The author, Mr. Sheridan Knowles, has taken great pains with the composition, and to-morrow (Monday) the whole play, or tragedy (to be determined on hereafter), will be sub mitted to the critical test of all the ladies and gentlemen to be engaged in it, by its being read in the green-room. The parts will then be distributed to the actors and ac tresses engaged in it ' • and the whole machinery incident to the getting up a full play will be put in active motion with a view to its speedy production. The principal characters will be sustained by Mr. Charles Kean and Miss Ellen Tree, both of whom will most probably re tire into the country for the purpose of effecting a quick and safe study, much of the responsibility of its success being dependent upon their exertions.-0 bserrer. DREADFUL FIRE IN UPPER THAMES STREET.—Saturday morning about twenty minutes to four o'clock, a fire, attended with a loss of nearly 20,000/. in property, broke out in the granary of Messrs. Smith and Co., of Bear-lane, Puddle-dock, Upper Thames street. Notwithstanding the immediate attendance of the London Establishment and West of England fire engines, and the floating-engines from Rotherhithe and Southwark-bridge, by four o'clock every floor of Messrs. Smith's granary, with their contents, were in flames, and with most frightful rapidity extended to the:premises of Messrs. Rowson and Drew, ironmongers, in Thames street, the upper floor of which ignited. The whole of the granaries from the river front of Messrs. Smith and Co. are entirely destroyed, but insured, for the most part in the Sun Fire-office, for 11,500/. ; Messrs. Rawson and Drew are also insured. No cause could be assigned for the fire, which was not extinguish e d unt il near nine o'clock this morning. DESTRUCTION OF CROPS BY GAME. ---Xol' some time the managers of Lord Francis Egerton's Wors ley estate have been waging war against the swarms of rabbits which have infested it for many years, and have also greatly reduced the number of hares and other game upon it. Some idea may be formed Of the waste formerly comraitted by these creatures from the fact that some of the farms on the estate will now feed from 30 to 40 head of cattle more than they would have done previous to the recent clearance.—Shrewsbury Chronicle. MESSRS. DAINTRY, RYLE, AND CO.'S BANK- Runcy.—We understand that the total number of proofs of debt under this fiat is 589. The amount of the debts proved against the Macclesfield Bank is 116,9022 19s. 2d.; against the Manchester Bank, 48,5711. 6s. lid.; and the private debts proved amount to 3311. 18s. 3d. ; making a grand.total of 165,8061. 4s. 4id.; besides 'which, the as signees of Messrs. -Whitmore and Wells, on whom the bank drew in London, claim to prove for 218,5081.55.3 d. Manchester Guardian. POSTAGE STAMPS. ---It does not appear to be generally known that twopenny stamps—labels .and, en velopes—printed-in- blue &l.) , now be purchased as wel as penny stamps printed in red. Every receiving-house and Post-office in the London district is now supplie4 with embossed envelopes as well as labels for sale. THE PRICE OF WAGES AND THE PRICE OF BREAD. (From the TViltshire Independent.) The popular argument that has been made use of by the bread-taxers, in support of their monopoly, is, that cheap bread would be of no avail to those who had no money to buy with ; and that, wages rising and falling with the price of food, the labouring man must be better off with high wages and dear bread, than with low wages and cheap bread. Now we do not intend to dis pute the first position ; it is a truism, bat not applicable to the question at issue. The second is a fallacy, which has been so often and to thoroughly dis posed of that we do not intend' to waste time or ;pace in its refutation. We will, however, simply point the attention of those who are most vitally concerned in the operation of the Corn-laws —the labourers—to the relative position which the price of wages bears to the price of bread at the present time, and to . the relative position which they bore to each other only a month ago, and then ask them whether the whole clique of bread-taxers have not proved' themselves, if not blind leaders, something much worse, namely, wilful deluder and deceivers, men unscrupulous enough to fill their pockets by Starving the poor, and mean enough to justify their nefarious conduct by resorting to the false hood of telling their victims that it is done for their par ticular and especial benefit. A month ago the general rate of wages in this neigh bourhood for the best able-bodied labourers was 9s. a-week, and the price of the 81b. loaf was 13d. Now the 81b. loaf istharged 17d., but no increase has taken place in wages ; nay, on the contrary, in some instances the 9s. have been reduced to 85. Where, then, is the proof that wages rise with the price of food ? Where, indeed ! Let the labourers ask their masters. But who is benefited by the' advance which is now taking place in the price of wheat ! Not the labourer, truly, for if his wages were really dependent on the price of wheat, and if those gentlemen who, at their convivial meetings, de clare that his welfare is the object they seek in uphold ing the Corn-laws, were sincere, he would now be re ceiving twelve shillings a-week instead of nine, and even then if he had a large family he would be worse off than he was a month ago with wages at nine shillings and bread at 13d. We have stated the general rate of wages in this neighbourhood to be nine shillings a week ; in the South ern division it would seem they are not so high, for in a Tory paper, published at Salisbury on Saturday last, we find the following : •f 1 SOIiTII WILTS PETTY SESSIONS. Present—W. Wyndham, Esq. M.P., J. H. Jacob, .0-Fort, H. Hetley, and E. liinxman, Esqrs. CAUTION TO FARM SERVANTS.—J. Small, under carter, was charged by his master, Mr. Read, of Charl ton, with having left his employment contrary to agree ment, he being engaged until Michaelmas next. The agreement being proved, the Bench ordered Small to pay his master the amount of one week's wages, 65., with the expenses, and return to his work." Again, in another number of the same paper, published on the 17th ult., we read thus : " SOUTH WILTS PETTY SESSIONS. " Present—Wadham Wyndham, Esq. M.P., G. Mat cham, J. H. Jacob, G. Lawrence, and H. Hetley, Esqrs. " CAUTION TO FARM LABOURERS.—Thomas Blake was summoned by Mr. J. Lush for leaving his service on Saturday, July 10th. Mr. Lush deposed that he agreed with defendant, from Michaelmas last, at ss. 6d. per week, and 525. at the end of the year, and that on Saturday last he left his employ, and had not returned to work since. Blake said Mr. Lush agreed to find him lodgings, and ho had never done so ; and he did not like to sleep in the hay loft, without pulling his clothes off, which he had been compelled to do. Mr. Lush said he gave him 6d. per week more than he agreed for, be cause he would not have anything to do with his lodg ings. The Benoh ordered Blake to return to Mr. Lush's ou re of r— service and fulfil his agreement." Talk of the Polish serf, indeed ! Here is a pretty 6. 6 specimen s a week oft in the Corn-law-protected harvest, w-protee tcl sleeping in a hay loft with his clothes on w eek a f ter week, for 52 mortal weeks ! How this man must suffer from a repeal of the Corn-laws ! eanEdngthliesh privilege lab THE PUNISHMENT OF GREEDINESS. —Some years ago an opulent farmer at Kingston, in Surrey, had a great quantity of wheat ; his friends and neighbours advised him to send it to market and sell it, but he al ways objected to it, saying the price was not high enough. At last he determined to sell it ; but how great was his disappointment when he. found a great number of rats had devoured the grain, and nothing but the husks left! It had such an effect on his avaricious mind, that he went and hanged himself. MELANCHOLY ACCIDENT AT DEVONPORT DOCKYARD.—WEDNESDAY, AUG. 4.---This afternoon, as a number of persons were examining the machinery in the engine-room, Mrs. Hancock, the wife of a superan nuated quarterman, incautiously stood too near the per pendicular revolving shaft, when the light portions of her shawl were caught by the shaft (through the dried oil on it), and the remainder of her clothing being soon entangled by the same means, she was taken up by the shaft, and flung round with frightful rapidity. One of the engine-men, in his anxiety, unfortunately turned off the machinery from being worked by the power, and this, of course, allowed the shaft to work with still greater swiftness. It was three minutes before the en gine was stopped. Both Mrs. Hancock's thighs were broken, one leg, and one arm. She was carried to the surgery in the yard, and from thence home, where she expired. Mrs. Quintral, her sister-in-law, very nearly shared her fate , in her endeavours to save Mrs. Hancock. She was also taken up by the shaft, and flung round, but escaped with a sew bruises. The machinery is used for various purposes, such as drilling holes, grinding, turn ing, &c., and is very powerful. The shaft is about 20 feet high, and about six inches diameter, and ought to have been long since protected by a guard of some kind. INSULT OFFERED HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS PRINCE ALBERT.-Our readers have probably, from the perusal of Court movements, for some weeks past ob served that his Royal Highness Prince Albert has been accustomed to bathe near the Weir, in the river at Wind sor. The piece of water resorted to for this purpose is a college bathing-place, and under the care of a water man named Cannon, employed by certain authorities at Eton, and whoso engagement for many years past has from Royalh perceiving with the season and terminated in October. One would naturally have conceived that the gentlemen in question would have felt antrions to have afforded his c-••;ey accommodation, and w e are sa ti s • s.Cannon, however, fled we shall not only excite the surprise but disgust of all rational men, when we state that the reverse h as been the fact, and the Waterman has been di sm i sse d s o hiv y n m iens e gs n ttt,hoe doubtlessdisdiscontinue drift, nna w su i ev t he hisr3 wisely continued the v impression its that h the inconvenience would annoy the P r i nce , an d i n d uce his on duty, and the circumstance having come to the know ledge of the Prince, Cannon was sent fir to the Castle on Tuesday last, when his Royal Highness personally made him a handsome present, and in addition his private secretary, Mr. 0-. E. Anso n , to requested ta, take down his name and residence, that he might not be forgotten. —Sunday Times. NEW WORK EDITED BY Boz. _.We are re quested to state that the new work announced under the title of " The Pic Nic Papers, by Various Hand-," in 3 vols. post Bvo, edited by Charles Dickens, Esq. (Boz), author of " Nicholas Nickleby," " Pickwick," &c., with illustrations by George Cruikshank and Phiz, will certainly be published to-morrow by Mr. Colburn of Great Marlborough-street. Immediate orders should be given' to prevent disappointment on the day Of pub lication. Agents : for Scotland, Messrs. Bell and Brad fete, Edinburgh ; for Ireland, Mr. John Cumming, Dub lin. To be had also of all respectable booksellers, and at all the libraries throughout the kingdom. NORMANDY.—Now that so many persons are tempted to visit this most interesting part of France, by reason of the surpassingly cheap fares from Southampton to Havre, the present moment certainly mems most op portune for the appearance of the promised " Excursions in ' Normandy," under the editorship of F. S c h o b er l , Esq., the popular and well known editor of the " Forget-me- Not. "This work will, it is understood, give a most accurate and authentic description of this part of France, its state of society,commerce, manufactures, &c., from the Journal of a Recent Traveller, as well as lively sketches of its inhabitants, their manners, customs, &c., render ing it altogether a most acceptable book for the tourist, in search either of pleasure, or of channels for commer cial intercourse. The adjoining provinces having been recently well described in Trollope's "S ummer i n Brit tany," Tolfrey's " Sportsman in Fr ance, " and Trollope's „ westarn F rance ," the English public may now congra tulate themselves on possessing such agreeable and in structive companions over a very extensive and hitherto little known tract of the French territories. Fl Highness the D uc h ess o f Kent was expected ive in this country pr ev i ous l y to the en suing week t Royal suing week ; but we learn, that owing to the unsettled state of the weather, it is probable her Royal Highness may prolong her stay on the Continent a short time longer. At the date of the last letters we rejoice to state her Royal Highness continued in the enjoyment of ex cellent holth.—Observer, MONTHLY CORN CIRCULAR. The following is an extract from the Monthly Corn Circular, issued by the Messrs. Sturge of Birming ham :-- " Birmingham, Bth month, 4th. "We had rain more or less — on twenty-four days of the past month. Nevertheless, the crops have made more progress towards maturity, although it has also been very cold, than could, under the circumstances, have been expected ; and should the weather prove favourable, a good deal of wheat and barley n ill be cut next week. In some places the wheat is ripening a good colour, but the greater part is dark, and more or less blighted. The quantity of straw being larger than in either of the past three years, will in some measure make up for the deficiency which, from the quantity of wet, and lateness of the season, will be found in the yield. " Our prices have advanced during Vie month about 4s. per quarter, and there is now every probability of the duty receding to near its lowest point, even if the weather should become fine. Prices have risen in the Baltic from ss. to 10s. per quarter, but no advices have yet been received of any materialtrise in the Black Sea or Medi terranean ports. Our present rates are for English red and white wheat, 9s. to 9s. 2d. per 621bs. here. There is no foreign left. Odessa soft would bring Bs. 3d. to Bs. 6d. ; hard, Bs. to Bs. 3d. ; Dantzic, 9s. to 9s. 6d. per 601bs. at Gloucester. " The barley crop is large ; at least the quantity of ! straw is great, but a good deal is much beaten down, and even that which stands up is reported to have filled badly. Some winter-sown has appeared at market, and sold at 40s. per quarter. Grinding and malting parcels are both scarce, the former 28s. to 325. per 392 lbs., and the latter at 38s. to 40s. per imperial quarter. " The stocks of oats are nearly cleared off at Glouces ter. They have advanced fully Is. per quarter, and what remained are held for a further rise of is. to Is. 6d. per quarter. The growing-crop of this grain is still favourably . spoken •0 f, and we believe the quantity re maining in Ireland is still greater than at the same season for many years back. Black Welsh and Irish are worth 225. ; white, 225. to 245. per 312 lbs. at Gloucester. " Beans are only about Is. per quarter dearer than at the lowest point ; there are, however; few English offer ing. The reports of the coming crop are conflicting, an we expect it will vary much in different places. English sell at 16s. to 16s. 9d, and Egyptian, 15s. 6d. to 16s. per 196 lbs., at Birmingham. " Most of the white peas are cut, and some secured, and these are reported to be near an average ; but the grey are late, and likely to prove unproductive. There are no free foreign in first hands, having been cleared off at 16s. per 196 lbs. here." Information has been received of the landing of the first body of settlers sent out by the Western Aus tralian Company, under their Chief Commissioner, Mr. Waller Clifton, and the commencement of their colony, Australind. It will be remembered that when the land 'fo i l- the site of Australind was sold to individual pur chasers some doubt was raised both as to the title and 'the quality of the soil, and that the Colonial Minister, therefore, permitted the Company to transfer the settle ment from the place originally intended, Port Lesche nault, oil the south of Swan River, to Port Grey, some two hundred miles above the river. On the arrival in Port Leschenault, however, in March last, Mr. Clifton immediately went to Perth and conferred with Governor Mitt, .from whom he learned that the land at Lesche nault lied been reserved for his fellow-emigrants, and was instantly at their service. In the meantime the emigrants themselves lied examined the land in the neighbourhood of Leschenault, and were so perfectly satisfied with its qualities and position, that, finding their title unobstructed, they determined to go no fur . - 'then Australind is therefore planted, according to the original intention, at l'ort-Leschenault, and the accounts from this, the ypnngest English colony, are of the most favourable promise. —Colon ial Ofizette. SAXON NAMES.—An inference Of acme im portance may be drawn from the f ac t noticed by Mr. Turner, in his " Manners and Household Expenses of England," that the household servants generally bore Saxon names, because it corroborates the opinion, thiz! , the Normans employed the people whom they had sub dued in menial ollices—" hewers of wood and drawers of water t'—" We may note, as a striking peculiarity in this doeument,,that the househ o ld servants are genera ll y 1 distinguished Saxon names, We have Hande and Jacke of the bal ealiouse I Mole the tailor, and Jacke the keeper of the Countess's hartiers i Dobbe the Shep herd ; Diquon, Gobitbesty, and Treubodi l who were often employed in carrying letters ; as well as Slinga way, a courier, whose name is most opposite, and was derived possibly from his gait and manner."— [From some of these names we now have Hanson, Jackson, Hickson, Dobson, and Dickson.] DREADFUL ACCIDENT Et THE OVERVIEW' ISO OF A HEARSE.—On Thursday AtiefliOart a .'''.l.,y o a f r ß ea r m igh H to a n ll . , alarming accident occurred at Portslade, in did iiennL): this county, and a barrister of Lincoln's-inn, were interred Esq., O sci n ., the above day the remains of Samuel late the chief distributor of stamps for in the family vault, in Portslade Church. After the_ mournful cere mony was p er f o rmed, and the r elation s and friends had returned home, the bearers and attendants, as usual, prepared to ride back to Br w ig a h r t d o s n o o f n a th d e or t e op n .of the hearse. It is said there were up others all attempted to get up and it at the same h some of whom had got safely on the roof, when tfie , moment, and caused an a unfortunately happened tl l i a a r t ru th a e nd ho s r t s r e u s gg m l inogve,dand t the t e pulled the vehicle over, crush ingd throwing the others weight of so many persons those who were ge t ting . of the men were more or d L ari 'le' a Fe r 'n m or a leg dislocated or off with great violence.ha less injured, some d into Portslade as speedily as broken. possi b l e They.d ,were rg . i 7an,i ? assistance procured, when some g se h ri to o n u . sly injured, were d a e t r P w o e r r ts e l b a ro d e u , g being B s o r i andthtoe r CONFEREN CE OF MINISTERS AT MAN.. cIIE STEit— CA.RMARTHEN, AUG. 5.—A few friends fa you: able to the repeal of the odious Corn-law met to gether last Friday, to take into consideration the question of sending a delegate to the Convention at Manchester, when it was una nimousl y - resolved that Carmarthen I should not he backward on such an important occasion, and that the Rev. H. B. Jones, Baptist Minister, should be appointed to represent the feelings of the anti-mono polists at the approaching assembly. Asubscription was immediately set on foot to cover his travelling expenses, - 1 a nd is progressing most favourably. It is hoped and ; ex pected that other parts of the county and principality 1 will make a vigorous effort to assist the millions at this important crisis.—British Queen. • • • IVIORNI NG SU.N7. THE POSITION OF THE L li —-- 3ERAL ( st r li om tb l e th r A e e , liS b rP u Y t ecl t ta h e t°r.) The bark was waters were gone," " The principles of the movement—the principlEZ.in reality, of social progression —are f their eventual advance is quite irrespective 1 vidual or any party. But their founded in flat :re ; immediate of any iudi various c advanceircumstances, I dependent, like other things, upon which sometimes hasten, sometimes is retard them, and call respectively for various modes of tre a t ment. The theory m a y b e a d vocated, and very,,properly advoc a t e d , "in seaso n an d out o f season, by those who feel cation that wa y. I n pract i ce—in ar ' 3 "- rangin g an imme diate business lying before us in daily l i f e — a . different principle of action comes into play, and things considered with a v i ew to what it is possible must b e to obt a i n . Absolute free t ra d e , f or example, is necessary to insu re to industry f ree pl ay , an d f ull reward, andguard all mo netary and ftoinmercial systems from constant derange ments. We biome no one—quite the contrary—for ad vocating free t ra d e , even t h oug h t h e time may unpro pitious, and the thi ng .'rapossible of immediate attainment; for what ever th ere i s of truth in such l a b ours w ill h ave an influence in proportion td its merit, though the results may not be immediate. But he is, in our opinion, quite as true a friend to free trade, am! perhaps a more judi cious one, who endeavours to obi lin all that is at pre sent practicable. If he should even Ail, he has the other course to fall back upon, with a strovger argument and a more willing audience. It may be said that this is granting m ore to the Con servatives than to the Whigs •, but if it ,be, the remark does not apply to us, who throughout :le Session of 1835 and 1836 discouraged the attempt to " test the Mi nistry," as it was called, by bringing forward questions only to elicit opinions upon abstract points .; and who inculcated the prudence of first taking everything in which the Whigs agreed with the Radicals, trasting to discussion for the gradual advance of those questions whereon they differed. But in reality there is no ana logy between the case of Whigs and Consenutives. Every Whig measure since 1836 has confessedly been " prepared for rejection." Whatever measures Sir R. Peel proposes, will be real measures brought forward to be carried ; he is now entitled to have them examine 'I upon their own :merits, and if they are good in them-- Selves, and as liberal as can fairly be expected, the country is justified in accepting them. Be it also remem bered, that the Movement party has no claim upon Sir R. Peel. He never deceived or betrayed them ; he never pro mised an Appropriation Bill, declared himself bound ia " honour and conscience" to carry it, and then made it an easy sacrifice, gilded with a million of money, as a jeeace-offering to the Irish Church • he never held out tumid threats to the Lords, to cat eh votes and trick followers into acquiescence, an d then succumbed to the Peers ; he never, actjordini7 to the purpose in hand, encouraged hopes of " Farthee Reform," or, taking his stand upon " Finality," sneered at the Liberals as little better than crazy enthusiasts,, who would set up an unworkable Government ; and,. though not distinguished for consistency, he never made, such strong declarations as those of Lord Melbourne• against an alteration in the Corn-laws, and then, as an experiment for preserving place, proposed an alteration without the slightest chance of carrying it. We be lieve there is no disposition in the practical part of the community to offer any factious opposition to Sir Robert Peel merely because he is a Minister ; and we think the community right, for there is nothing else to be done- As soon as he is in responsible office, he will be a fair subject of criticism, both for what he does and what he neglects : at present, criticism has nothing to criticize. This course -of waiting, and watching, and getting all that can be gotten, may be unpalatable : but, ex cepting the always open course of appealing to the reason of mankind by abstract argument, it is the only course left for the Movement party at pre sent. For practical purposes the Liberals are disor ganized, and without a line of action. The Whigs and " wise Reformers" have not merely ended by " let ting in the Tories," [nit have left the game alto gether in their hands. Matters have reached the crisis we predicted three years since : " When the characters of the Ministers are irretrievably ruined, the Liberal party divided into sections, some opposed to the others, without admitted leaders, party organization, or binding objects, and all, save the masses beyond the pale and a. few of the extreme section of the Radicals, are crying• out for a government on any terms—then will be the time for the Tories." This is a state of things which Sir R. Peel can put an end to if he pleases, bet it is not in the power of the Liberals. if the Conservati 7es attempt to evade the difficulties which they Come into o.lice to meet, and think they will be permitted to " rub on " .;n matters of practical improvement, if they try to govern ii fter the Tory fashion of other times, or if they sacrifice the' l'iews of Liberal Conservatism to the crotchets and preit'llices of some of their extreme followers, then indeed an ad vance may be made by the Liberal party : this residt, however, is not in their hands, but in the hands of the :r opponents. On the contrary, if Sir Robert Peel, while standing on Lord John Russell's " finality," shall carry into effect those measures of practical amelioration, par ticularly in the economical well-being of the masses, which the people were taught to look to as the conse quences of the Reform Bill, and which were t:he cause of their earnest exertions to carry it, then the l f ; miser ratives are likely to remain in power for years to come, —barring accidents. We make the proviso, bee "attic, with our dense population, and our peculiar systet is of currency, credit, and commerce, a series of unto vas - d events might produce a very sudden crisis. But 'lee I dents of the kind we speak of are more likely to tl iron' Chartism uppermost than to favour any other party. All this, it may be said, is a mere dictum or opi , lion. Well : let those whom it dissatisfies try to shape .a ci atrse of conduct for themselves : not after the fashion of l ;ear, when his reason is failing— " I will do such thing s ! What they are, yet I know not ; but they shall he The terrors of the earth !" but such a practical line of action as will be snpp 'reed by the country and carried out in Parliament. To ,li scorer the most likely means of rousing the people to act i. )n, the late election is the readiest test ; and, looking ei.;her to the general result or to the topics urged in the ere irse of the contest, we find that organic changes were lox ; sight of altogether, or ranked as secondary matters. The in ference therefore, is, (we are speaking of facts, mit prais ing them), that organic changes are slumbering in the national mind—unless it be the principles of Ch nrtism. Let those who are for instant action next survey th e Par liamentary forces ; for it is in Parliament that m ly im mediate practical result may be obtained, or the mesisure meat of any tangible advance be tested. He will first find a Conservative majority of about 80; which IN vuld perhaps be increased on any attempt to turn out the To ries merely to put in the Whigs again. THE TORY VOLUNTARY PRIN- CIPLE. Lord Francis Egerton is raising a regiment of cavalry to guard against any outbreak of the starving manufac turers in his neighbourhood. The example will doubt less be followed, and, instead of playing at sailors at Cowes, it will be the fashion for Tories to play at soldiers on their estates. Sowing the dragon's teeth will be the appropriate accompaniment of the maintenance of the Corn-laws, and for the husbandry of Cadmus the drill plough will be the suitable instrument. Objection has been made to Lord Francis Egerton's levy of troops ; and it is asked whether the landlords are to be permitted to raise an army of their own ? To us it appears that there is much to be said for the equity of such an arrangement. As the landlords impose fifty millions of taxes on the food of the nation, is it not, but fair that they should pay for the means of keeping down. the people, who may be driven to despair, and to revolt, by the effects of the Corn-laws ? Why should the na tion be charged with the expense of supporting troops to coerce the misery and disaffection produced by the landlords' monopoly? To us Lord Francis Egerton's levy appears at leas t t na lf equitable and frank proceeding. It declares in efil our Corn-laws make rebels, we are read} wive - a s laws to sabring of them. Let the Legislature give u down the up our rents, and we will find swords to keep to p y ; c o; the the famished people." ? posed to the monopolies, ^re The Queen's Councils ... Iry to employ her Majesty's and it would be rather , i 1 oor wretches whom the mu-- There is a further consistency and equity in this step. troops in cutting plc of Lord Francis Egerton, otidriti-e to desperation. The land the exam iheir own making on their own will take this office o . en-law and they will provide exe- Give them their n lo ° r l l l , i f e o s ll h o a w l: i e n g h e Id') eo dvwto hands. the farmers will eagerly respond th e volunteer regiments, vo ' keep up their rents and to keep down the cutioners. There will of course be no difficulty in raising to tli 1 Their inspiring war-cry, with which they will rush ter . .y 1 To fight for their rents and taxes will P ei te e. the aline, will be, High Rents and the Land lords' 31000po • bethe motto for their banners. wrhat will be the emblem of the Landlords' Legion ? 1 ketts (the origin, we believ e, of kettle-drums), whick e The Janissa ries had a s y mbol of great frankness—their s ignified all for whic h the y fought, all for which the y , all for which they ca red. The y wore their spoons, too, au a part of their accoutrements (as our officers wear their gergets), as the co-relative type to the kettle. When they refused their soup, it indicated some terrible extremity of discontent, and threatened the dis solution of all the bonds of discipline. - The Janissaries of the landlords should have some such type. The spoon ttetild lie an awkward emblem for the poor farmers, as it would be understood in too direct a slang sense; a bread bajcet in gold, with a very small loaf in it, would be b etter . bit, perhtiOs,.beSt of all would be the figure of each vs;lunteef farmer's rent in brass. voluntary principle at this time The extension of tii.e v y olu r ni em es ar i k s ab fo le ll . ow A ed V4 . ect for raising Bishops for C oe for raising soldiers at ,which shows the falsity of tln.: proverb, that charity have further apf.. l t h i l o iel e e begins In, *borne. Of course the voltintW4y principle .w m ill and a set of Bishops ;dependent of the ,Crown. v , ications, it will net stotiyith an , a array 1 An if the Tories find it neethig, should thq.loat Queen of their own on the voluntary princip.,, 0_ • owM and Bishop t army of their own, a navy of their would be incora their own,_ independent of the Crowliat,i4 Crown too. The voluntar,' Prliciet: ependent of the plete without a court Of their 9 ! in w Isple,may be as good in s e e t ? up a monarchy a_ in prelacy and so- -?-6,ries were actualty bored that not very long ago the - And be it remem- Court, and that endeavouring to set up an oppositioo tr e a ted as the Queen Adelaide was very . ostentatiously . neat the loyalty,aa monopolists imported,"and, wcio coming g l i i t n t i t: L Queen of their choice, their respect, and then . •, still ' - affections. availablelu' i h d e h la)voefao-ra great Dowager lre charms Queen , voluntary fo ‘ ‘ r change of pronunciation, the name of Queen Addaload power to increase the burdens of the people.—Examiner Accounts from Sydney, of -the rich of July, or nounce the loss of four vessels. The Lady Grant; lad mith opium, from China, was lost with all her crew well as another vessel laden with stores. The Fr ship Magicienne was also lost in the same typhoo,r lit crew were saved,